crypto: hctr2 - Add HCTR2 support

crypto: hctr2 - Add HCTR2 support

Add support for HCTR2 as a template.  HCTR2 is a length-preserving
encryption mode that is efficient on processors with instructions to
accelerate AES and carryless multiplication, e.g. x86 processors with
AES-NI and CLMUL, and ARM processors with the ARMv8 Crypto Extensions.

As a length-preserving encryption mode, HCTR2 is suitable for
applications such as storage encryption where ciphertext expansion is
not possible, and thus authenticated encryption cannot be used.
Currently, such applications usually use XTS, or in some cases Adiantum.
XTS has the disadvantage that it is a narrow-block mode: a bitflip will
only change 16 bytes in the resulting ciphertext or plaintext.  This
reveals more information to an attacker than necessary.

HCTR2 is a wide-block mode, so it provides a stronger security property:
a bitflip will change the entire message.  HCTR2 is somewhat similar to
Adiantum, which is also a wide-block mode.  However, HCTR2 is designed
to take advantage of existing crypto instructions, while Adiantum
targets devices without such hardware support.  Adiantum is also
designed with longer messages in mind, while HCTR2 is designed to be
efficient even on short messages.

HCTR2 requires POLYVAL and XCTR as components.  More information on
HCTR2 can be found here: "Length-preserving encryption with HCTR2":
https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1441.pdf

Signed-off-by: Nathan Huckleberry <nhuck@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>