[ValueTracking] recognize variations of 'clamp' to improve codegen (PR31693)

[ValueTracking] recognize variations of 'clamp' to improve codegen (PR31693)

By enhancing value tracking, we allow an existing min/max canonicalization to
kick in and improve codegen for several targets that have min/max instructions.

Unfortunately, recognizing min/max in value tracking may cause us to hit
a hack in InstCombiner::visitICmpInst() more often:
http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2017-January/109340.html
...but I'm hoping we can remove that soon.

Correctness proofs based on Alive:

Name: smaxmin
Pre: C1 < C2
%cmp2 = icmp slt i8 %x, C2
%min = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp3 = icmp slt i8 %x, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp3, i8 C1, i8 %min
=>
%cmp2 = icmp slt i8 %x, C2
%min = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp1 = icmp sgt i8 %min, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp1, i8 %min, i8 C1

Name: sminmax
Pre: C1 > C2
%cmp2 = icmp sgt i8 %x, C2
%max = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp3 = icmp sgt i8 %x, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp3, i8 C1, i8 %max
=>
%cmp2 = icmp sgt i8 %x, C2
%max = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp1 = icmp slt i8 %max, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp1, i8 %max, i8 C1

----------------------------------------
Optimization: smaxmin
Done: 1
Optimization is correct!
----------------------------------------
Optimization: sminmax
Done: 1
Optimization is correct!

Name: umaxmin
Pre: C1 u< C2
%cmp2 = icmp ult i8 %x, C2
%min = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp3 = icmp ult i8 %x, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp3, i8 C1, i8 %min
=>
%cmp2 = icmp ult i8 %x, C2
%min = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp1 = icmp ugt i8 %min, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp1, i8 %min, i8 C1

Name: uminmax
Pre: C1 u> C2
%cmp2 = icmp ugt i8 %x, C2
%max = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp3 = icmp ugt i8 %x, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp3, i8 C1, i8 %max
=>
%cmp2 = icmp ugt i8 %x, C2
%max = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp1 = icmp ult i8 %max, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp1, i8 %max, i8 C1

----------------------------------------
Optimization: umaxmin
Done: 1
Optimization is correct!
----------------------------------------
Optimization: uminmax
Done: 1
Optimization is correct!

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@292660 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8