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+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>PostgreSQL FAQ in Japanese</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#A00000" ALINK="#0000FF">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; CHARSET=x-euc-jp">
+<H1>
+PostgreSQL(¥Ý¥¹¥È¥°¥ì¥¹¡¦¥¥å¡¼¡¦¥¨¥ë)¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤è¤¯¤¢¤ë¼ÁÌä(FAQ)</H1>
+<P>
+¸¶Ê¸ºÇ½ª¹¹¿·Æü: Tue Oct 17 00:21:20 EDT 2000
+ (¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÆüÉÕ¤Ï 03/02/2001)
+<P>
+¸½ºß¤Î°Ý»ý´ÉÍý¼Ô: Bruce Momjian (<A
+HREF="mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</A>)<BR><P>
+<P>
+¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤ÎºÇ¿·ÈǤÏ
+<A HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/</A>
+¤Ç¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<P>
+
+¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¤ËÆÃͤμÁÌä¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï:<A
+ HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/docs/faq.html</A>
+<BR>¤Ë²óÅú¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<P>
+
+<P>
+<small><PRE>
+[ÌõÃí¡§
+ (°Ê²¼¡¢Ìõ¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤ëÃí¼á¤ò [ÌõÃí¡§ ¤È ] ¤È¤Ç°Ï¤ó¤Çµ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£)
+
+ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/ ¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤È http://postgresql.nucba.ac.jp/
+¤Ë¥ê¥À¥¤¥ì¥¯¥È¤µ¤ì¡¢"Not Found" ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
+ <A HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/index.html">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/index.html</A>
+ ¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+
+ÆüËܸìÈǤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¹¡£
+
+ºÇ½ª¹¹¿·Æü: 2001ǯ03·î03Æü
+Ìõ¼Ô: ·¬Â¼ ½á (<A HREF="mailto:juk@jp.postgresql.org">Jun Kuwamura <juk@jp.postgresql.org></A>)
+
+ ¤³¤ÎFAQ¤ÎÏÂÌõ¤ÎºîÀ®¤Ë¶¨ÎϤò¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤Ã¤¿°Ê²¼¤ÎÊý¡¹¤ò¤Ï¤¸¤á¡¢
+
+ ÅÄÃç ̤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:Tanaka.Minoru@keiken.co.jp">Minoru Tanaka <Tanaka.Minoru@keiken.co.jp></A>)
+ Àаæ ãÉפµ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp">Tatsuo Ishii <t-ishii@sra.co.jp></A>)
+ óîÆ£ Ãοͤµ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:tomos@elelab.nsc.co.jp">Tomohito Saitoh <tomos@elelab.nsc.co.jp></A>)
+ ÇϾì È¥¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:baba@kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp">Hajime Baba <baba@kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp></A>)
+ ²¬ËÜ °ì¹¬¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:kokamoto@itg.hitachi.co.jp">Kazuyuki Okamoto <kokamoto@itg.hitachi.co.jp></A>)
+ ¾®¿û ¾¼°ì¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:s-kosuge@str.hitachi.co.jp">Shoichi Kosuge <s-kosuge@str.hitachi.co.jp></A>)
+ »³²¼ µÁÇ·¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:dica@eurus.dti.ne.jp">Yoshiyuki Yamashita <dica@eurus.dti.ne.jp></A>)
+ ¶ ¿¿ÂÀϺ¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:s_sakai@mxn.mesh.ne.jp">Sintaro Sakai <s_sakai@mxn.mesh.ne.jp></A>)
+ À¸±Û ¾»¸Ê¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:ogochan@zetabits.com">Masami Ogoshi <ogochan@zetabits.com></A>)
+ ÀÐÀî ½Ó¹Ô¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:tosiyuki@gol.com">Toshiyuki Ishikawa <tosiyuki@gol.com></A>)
+ ËÜÅÄ Ì餵¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:fwif0083@mb.infoweb.ne.jp">Shigehiro Honda <fwif0083@mb.infoweb.ne.jp></A>)
+
+
+¥Ý¥¹¥È¥°¥ì¥¹¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÏÃÂêËÉÙ¤Ê<A HREF="http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/ML/info.html">ÆüËܸì¥Ý¥¹¥È¥°¥ì¥¹¡¦¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È</A>¡¢
+ÏÂÌõ¤Î¤¤Ã¤«¤±¤òºî¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤¿ <A HREF="http://jf.linux.or.jp/">JF</A>(Linux Japanese FAQ Mailing List)¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¡¢
+¤½¤Î¾¡¢Ä¾Àܤ¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï´ÖÀÜŪ¤Ë¤«¤«¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¥½¡¼¥¹
+¥³¥ß¥å¥Ë¥Æ¥£¡¼¤Î³§¤µ¤ó¤Ë´¶¼Õ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+ ÆüËܸìÈǤΤ³¤Îʸ½ñ¤Ï
+ <A HREF="http://www.jp.postgresql.org/">http://www.jp.postgresql.org/</A>
+ <A HREF="http://www.rccm.co.jp/~juk/pgsql/">http://www.rccm.co.jp/~juk/pgsql/</A>
+ <A HREF="http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/">http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/</A>
+ <A HREF="http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/">http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/</A>
+¤«¤é¤â¤¿¤É¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+¤Ê¤ª¡¢¤³¤ÎÏÂÌõ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¤´°Õ¸«¤Ï(<A HREF="mailto:juk@jp.postgresql.org">juk@jp.postgresql.org</A>)¤Þ¤Ç¤ª´ó¤»²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P>
+<HR>
+<P>
+
+<H2><CENTER> °ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+
+<A HREF="#1.1">1.1</A>) PostgreSQL¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.2">1.2</A>) PostgreSQL¤ÎÃøºî¸¢¤Ï¤É¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.3">1.3</A>) PostgreSQL¤ÎÆ°ºî¤¹¤ëUnix¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¤Ï¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.4">1.4</A>) Unix°Ê³°¤Î°Ü¿¢ÈǤǻȤ¨¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.5">1.5</A>) PostgreSQL¤Ï¤É¤³¤«¤é¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.6">1.6</A>) ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï¤É¤³¤Ç¼õ¤±¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.7">1.7</A>) ºÇ¿·ÈǤϲ¿¤Ç¤¹¤«<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.8">1.8</A>) ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êʸ½ñ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.9">1.9</A>) ´ûÃΤΥХ°¤ä̵¤¤µ¡Ç½¤Ï¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¸«¤Ä¤±¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.10">1.10</A>) <font size=-1>SQL</font>¤Ï¤É¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð³Ø¤Ù¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.11">1.11</A>) PostgreSQL¤ÏÀ¾Îñ2000ǯÌäÂê(Y2K)¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.12">1.12</A>) ³«È¯¥Á¡¼¥à¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë»²²Ã¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.13">1.13</A>) ¥Ð¥°¥ì¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëȯ¿®¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.14">1.14</A>) ¾¤Î<font size=-1>DBMS</font>¤Î¤ÈÈæ¤Ù¤ÆPostgreSQL¤Ï¤É¤¦¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+
+
+<H2><CENTER>¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¡¦¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+
+<A HREF="#2.1">2.1</A>) PostgreSQL ¤Î <font size=-1>ODBC</font> ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¡¼¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#2.2">2.2</A>) PostgreSQL ¤ò Web ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ÈÏ¢·È¤µ¤»¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤ó¤Ê¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#2.3">2.3</A>) PostgreSQL ¤Ï¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥«¥ë¡¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+¥ê¥Ý¡¼¥È¥¸¥§¥Í¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ï¡© Ëä¤á¹þ¤ßÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¸À¸ì¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ï¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#2.4">2.4</A>) PostgreSQL ¤ÈÄÌ¿®¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤ó¤Ê¸À¸ì¤¬»È¤¨¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+
+
+<H2><CENTER>´ÉÍý¾å¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+
+<A HREF="#3.1">3.1</A>) ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð <I>/usr/local/pgsql</I> °Ê³°¤Î¾ì½ê¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.2">3.2</A>) postmaster ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤ë¤È¡¢
+<I>Bad System Call</I> ¤È¤«¥³¥¢¡¦¥À¥ó¥×¤·¤¿¤È¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.3">3.3</A>) <I>postmaster</I> ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
+<I>IpcMemoryCreate</I> ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.4">3.4</A>) <I>postmaster¤ò</I>Áö¤é¤»¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
+<I>IpcSemaphoreCreate</I> ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.5">3.5</A>) ¾¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¼«Ê¬¤ÎPostgreSQL¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤òËɤ°¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.6">3.6</A>) ¤Ê¤¼¡¢Â¾¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤«¤é¼«Ê¬¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ËÀܳ¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.7">3.7</A>) ¤è¤êÎɤ¤Àǽ¤òÆÀ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¡¦¥¨¥ó¥¸¥ó¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÄ´À°¤¹¤ì¤ÐÎɤ¤¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.8">3.8</A>) ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ç¥Ð¥°µ¡Ç½¤¬»È¤¨¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.9">3.9</A>) Àܳ¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ë <I>'Sorry, too many clients'</I> ¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.10">3.10</A>) ¼«Ê¬¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë <I>pg_sorttemp.XXX</I> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+
+
+<H2><CENTER>Áàºî¾å¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+
+<A HREF="#4.1">4.1</A>) ¤Ê¤¼¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¥«¥ó¥Þ¤ä¾®¿ôÅÀ¤äÆüÉÕ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Çº®Í𤹤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.2">4.2</A>) ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¡¦¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤ÈÄ̾ï¤Î¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤È¤Î¸·Ì©¤Ê°ã¤¤¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.3">4.3</A>) ºÇ½é¤Î¿ô¹Ô¤Î¤ß¤ò <font size=-1>select</font> ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.4">4.4</A>) ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ä¤½¤Î¾¤Î¾ðÊó¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò <I>psql</I> ¤Ç¸«¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.5">4.5</A>) ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤«¤é¤ÎÎó¤Îºï½ü¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.6">4.6</A>) ¹Ô¡¢¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¡¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ÎºÇÂ祵¥¤¥º¤Ï¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.7">4.7</A>) °ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥Æ¥¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤«¤é¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
+¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯ÍÆÎ̤ϤɤΤ¯¤é¤¤É¬ÍפǤ¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.8">4.8</A>) ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹Æâ¤ËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ä¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤±½Ð¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.9">4.9</A>) Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤¬ÃÙ¤¤¤¦¤¨¡¢¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ëÍͻҤ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.10">4.10</A>) Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¥ª¥Ö¥Æ¥£¥Þ¥¤¥¶¤¬¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤òɾ²Á¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò¸«¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.11">4.11</A>) R-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.12">4.12</A>) °äÅÁŪÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»ºÇŬ²½¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.13">4.13</A>) Àµµ¬É½¸½¤Ç¤Î¸¡º÷¤äÂçʸ»ú¤È¾®Ê¸»ú¤È¤ò¶èÊ̤·¤Ê¤¤Àµµ¬É½¸½¸¡º÷¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â¸½¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.14">4.14</A>) Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¡¢¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬ <font size=-1>NULL</font> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¸¡½Ð¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.15">4.15</A>) ¿§¡¹¤Êʸ»ú·¿¤Î¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.16.1">4.16.1</A>) ÄÌÈÖ(serial)¡¿¼«Æ°Áýʬ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ä¤¯¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.16.2">4.16.2</A>) <font size=-1>SERIAL</font>¥¤¥ó¥µ¡¼¥È¤ÎÃͤϤɤ¦¤¹¤ì¤ÐÆÀ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.16.3">4.16.3</A>) ¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤Î¶¥¹ç¾õÂÖ¤òÈò¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢<I>currval()</I> ¤È <I>nextval()</I> ¤Ï»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤Û¤¦¤¬¤è¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.17">4.17</A>) <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡© <font size=-1>TID</font> ¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.18">4.18</A>) PostgreSQL ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÍѸì¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.19">4.19</A>) ¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸ <I>"ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"</I>¤¬½Ð¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.20">4.20</A>) ¤É¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î PostgreSQL ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.21">4.21</A>) ¥é¡¼¥¸¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ÎÁàºî¤Ç¡¢<I>invalid large obj descriptor</I>¤È½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.22">4.22</A>) ¸½ºß¤Î»þ¹ï¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÎó¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ä¤¯¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.23">4.23</A>) ¤Ê¤¼¡¢<font size=-1>IN</font>¤ò»È¤¦ÉûÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤¬¤È¤Æ¤âÃÙ¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.24">4.24</A>) <i>³°Éô</i>·ë¹ç(<i>outer</i> join)¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â¸½¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«?<BR>
+
+<H2><CENTER>PostgreSQL¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+
+<A HREF="#5.1">5.1</A>) ¼«Ê¬¤Ç½ñ¤¤¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶ÄêµÁ´Ø¿ô¤ò psql ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¥³¥¢¡¦¥À¥ó¥×¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#5.2">5.2</A>) PostgreSQL ÍѤ˽ñ¤¤¤¿¿è¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤·¿¤ä´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢¤É¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð´ó£¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#5.3">5.3</A>) ¥¿¥×¥ë¤òÊÖ¤¹ C¸À¸ì¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#5.4">5.4</A>) ¥½¡¼¥¹¡¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ºÆ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Æ¤âÊѲ½¤¬¸«¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<H2><CENTER>°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="1.1">1.1</A>) PostgreSQL ¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+
+<P>PostgreSQL ¤Ï POSTGRES ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹´ÉÍý¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î²þÎÉÈǤǡ¢¼¡À¤Âå <font size=-1>DBMS</font> ¸¦µæÍѤΥץí¥È¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ç¤¹¡£PostgreSQL ¤Ï POSTGRES ¤Î¶¯ÎϤʥǡ¼¥¿¡¦¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ÈËÉ٤ʥǡ¼¥¿¡¦¥¿¥¤¥×(·¿)¤òÆâÊñ¤·¤Ä¤Ä¡¢POSTGRES ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤¿ PostQuel Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¸À¸ì¤ò¡¢³ÈÄ¥¤·¤¿ <font size=-1>SQL</font> ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥»¥Ã¥È¤ËÃÖ¤´¹¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£PostgreSQL ¤Ï̵ÎÁ¤Ç´°Á´¤Ê¥½¡¼¥¹¤òÍøÍѤǤ¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>PostgreSQL ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î³«È¯¤Ï¡¢PostgreSQL ³«È¯¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë»²²Ã¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¾å¤Î³«È¯¼Ô¥Á¡¼¥à¤Ç¹Ô¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¸½ºß¤ÎºÂĹ¤Ï Marc G. Fournier ( <A HREF="mailto:scrappy@PostgreSQL.org">scrappy@PostgreSQL.org</A> )¤Ç¤¹¡£(°Ê²¼¤Ë»²²Ã¤Î»ÅÊý¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£)¸½ºß¡¢¤³¤Î¥Á¡¼¥à¤¬ PostgreSQL³«È¯¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î ÌÌÅݤò¸«¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>PostgreSQL 1.01 ¤ÎÃø¼Ô¤Ï Andrew Yu ¤È Jolly Chen ¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£¤½¤Î¾ÂçÀª¤Î¿Í¡¹¤¬¤³¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤Î°Ü¿¢¡¢¥Æ¥¹¥È¡¢¥Ç¥Ð¥°¡¢¤ª¤è¤Ó¡¢²þÎɤ˹׸¥¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£PostgreSQL ¤ÎÇÉÀ¸¸µ¥³¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¢¤ë POSTGRES ¤Ï¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢Âç³Ø¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤¹»¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢ Michael Stonebraker ¶µ¼ø¤Î»Ø´ø¤Î¤â¤È¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î³ØÀ¸¡¢Â´¶ÈÀ¸¡¢¿¦¶È¥×¥í¥°¥é¥Þ¤¿¤Á¤ÎÅØÎϤˤè¤êºî¤é¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
+
+<P>¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¤³¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¤â¤È¤Î̾Á°¤Ï Postgres ¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£<FONT SIZE=-1>SQL</FONT> ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤¬Äɲ䵤줿 1995 ǯ¤Ë¤½¤Î̾Á°¤Ï Postgres95 ¤ËÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£1996 ǯ¤Î½ª¤ê¤Ë¤½¤Î̾Á°¤Ï PostgreSQL ¤ËÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
+
+<I>Post-Gres-Q-L.</I>(¥Ý¥¹¥È - ¥°¥ì¥¹ - ¥¥å¡¼ - ¥¨¥ë) ¤Èȯ²»¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="1.2">1.2</A>) PostgreSQL ¤ÎÃøºî¸¢¤Ï¤É¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤Ï²¼µ¤ÎÃøºî¸¢¤Ë½¾¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí¡§
+ ÀµÊ¸¤Ï±Ñ¸ì¤Ç¤¹¡£»²¹Í¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢Ìõʸ¤òÊ»µ·ÇºÜ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+<P>
+PostgreSQL Data Base Management System<P>
+
+Portions copyright (c) 1996-2000, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of California<P>
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written
+agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice
+and this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all
+copies.
+<P>
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY
+FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS
+DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF
+THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+<P>
+THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
+INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER
+IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO
+OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR
+MODIFICATIONS.
+<P>
+
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí¡§
+ POSTGRESQL ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹´ÉÍý¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à
+
+ ÉôʬÃøºî¸¢ (c) 1996-2001, PostgreSQL¹ñºÝ³«È¯¥Á¡¼¥à
+ ÉôʬÃøºî¸¢ (c) 1994-6 ¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢Âç³ØËܹ»
+
+ ¤³¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤È¤½¤Îʸ½ñ¤ò¡¢Ç¡²¿¤Ê¤ëÌÜŪ¤Ç¤â¡¢ÌµÎÁ¤Ç¡¢»ÈÍѵöÂú½ñ̵¤·¤Ë¡¢
+ »ÈÍÑ¡¢Ê£¼Ì¡¢½¤Àµ¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢ÇÛÉÛ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ø¤Îµö²Ä¤ò¡¢¾åµ¤ÎÃøºî¸¢É½¼¨¡¢¤³¤ÎÃÊ
+ Íî¡¢¤ª¤è¤Ó¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë³¤¯Æó¤Ä¤ÎÃÊÍ¡¢¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÊ£¼Ì¤ËźÉÕ¤µ¤ì¤ë¸Â¤ê¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢
+ ¤³¤³¤Ë¤½¤ì¤òǧ¤á¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+
+ ¤¿¤È¤¨¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢Âç³Ø¤¬°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê»³²¤Î²ÄǽÀ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¸ÀµÚ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿
+ ¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¥¤³¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢µÚ¤Óʸ½ñ¤Î»ÈÍѾ塤ľÀÜŪ¡¦´ÖÀÜŪ¡¦ÆÃÊÌ¡¦¶öÁ³
+ ¤â¤·¤¯¤ÏɬÁ³Åª¤Ë¡¤À¸¤¸¤¿¼º¤ï¤ì¤¿Íø±×¤ò´Þ¤à»³²¤Ë±÷¤¤¤Æ¡¤¤¤¤º¤ì¤ÎÅö»ö¼Ô
+ ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤â¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢Âç³Ø¤Ï°ìÀÚ¤ÎÀÕǤ¤òÉ餤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥
+
+ ¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢Âç³Ø¤Ï¡¤ÆÃÄêÌÜŪ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¾¦ÍÑÀµÚ¤ÓŬ¹çÀ¤Î°ÅÌÛ¤ÎÊݾڤò´Þ
+ ¤à¡¤¤·¤«¤·¤½¤ì¤Ë¸ÂÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Î¤Ê¤¤¡¤¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ëÊݾڤâÌÀ³Î¤ËÊü´þ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+ ¤³¤³¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆÍÑ°Õ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ï¡Ö¤¢¤ë¤¬¤Þ¤Þ¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤òÁ°Äó¤È¤·¡¤
+ ¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢Âç³Ø¤Ï°Ý»ý¡¦Êä½õ¡¦¹¹¿·¡¦²þÎÉ¡¦½¤Àµ¤òÍÑ°Õ¤¹¤ëµÁ̳¤òÉ餤¤Þ
+ ¤»¤ó¡¥
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="1.3">1.3</A>) PostgreSQL ¤ÎÆ°ºî´Ä¶¤Ï¡©</H4>
+
+<P>Ãø¼Ô¤é¤Ï PostgreSQL ¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤È¥Æ¥¹¥È¤ò¼¡¤Î¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¾å¤Ç¹Ô¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£(¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤Ë gcc ¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹)¡§
+<P>°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë¡¢ºÇ¶á¤ÎUnix¸ß´¹¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¤Ê¤é¤ÐPostgreSQL¤ò¤Ï¤·¤é¤»¤é¤ì¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹¡£¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¥Æ¥¹¥È¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤ÎÊó¹ð¤¬¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤¿¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¼ê°ú½ñ¤ËÎóµó¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="1.4">1.4</A>) Unix°Ê³°¤Î°Ü¿¢ÈǤǻȤ¨¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï¡©</H4>
+
+<h6>
+¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È</h6>
+<P> MS Windows ¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¾å¤Ç¡¢<I>libpq</I> C ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¡¢psql¡¢¤½¤ì¤È¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ï ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë²Äǽ¤Ç¡¢¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¡¼¤¬Áö¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ò MS Windows ¾å¤ÇÁö¤é¤»¤Æ¡¢TCP/IP ·Ðͳ¤Ç¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë Unix ¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¾å¤ÇÁö¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÈÄÌ¿®¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<P> Win32 <I>libpq</I> ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤È psql ¤òºî¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢<I>win31.mak</I> ¤¬ÇÛÉۤ˴ޤޤì¤Æ¤Þ¤¹¡£PostgreSQL¤Ï <font size=-1>ODBC</font> ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤È¤âÄÌ¿®¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<h6>
+¥µ¡¼¥Ð</h6>
+<P> ¸½ºß¡¢Cygnus Unix/NT °Ü¿¢¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î Cygwin ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢PostgreSQL ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï Windows NT ¤È Win2k ¾å¤Ç²ÔƯ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ÇÛÉۤ˴ޤޤì¤ë<I>pgsql/doc/FAQ_MSWIN</I>¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¥¦¥§¥Ö¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¤¢¤ë MS Windows FAQ ¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£Microsoft ¤ÎÁǤΥץé¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¤Ë°Ü¿¢¤¹¤ë·×²è¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£<P>
+
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="1.5">1.5</A>) PostgreSQL ¤Ï¤É¤³¤«¤é¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤Î¸µ¤Î anonymous ftp ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç¤¹¡§
+
+<UL>
+ <LI> <A HREF="ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/">ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/</A>
+</UL>
+
+<P> ¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢²æ¡¹¤Î¥á¥¤¥ó Web ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí:
+
+ °Ê²¼¤ÏÆüËܤΥߥ顼¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç¤¹:
+
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/postgresql/pub/">ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/postgresql/pub/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.ip-kyoto.ad.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.ip-kyoto.ad.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.crl.go.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.crl.go.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.saitama-u.ac.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.saitama-u.ac.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.astem.or.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.astem.or.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.exp.fujixerox.co.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.exp.fujixerox.co.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.jah.ne.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.jah.ne.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.etl.go.jp.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.etl.go.jp.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.asahi-net.or.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.asahi-net.or.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.so-net.ne.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.so-net.ne.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.aist.go.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.aist.go.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="1.6">1.6</A>) ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï¤É¤³¤Ç¼õ¤±¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+
+<P> ¼çÍפʥ᡼¥ê¥ó¥°¡¦¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï: <A HREF="mailto:pgsql-general@PostgreSQL.org">pgsql-general@PostgreSQL.org</A>¤Ç¤¹¡£PostgreSQL ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤ÐµÄÏÀ¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ø¤Î»²²Ã¤Î¤Ï¡¢ÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¤ÎËÜʸ(Subject ¹Ô¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó)¤Ë¼¡¤Î£²¹Ô¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¡¢
+
+<PRE>
+ subscribe
+ end
+</PRE>
+
+<P> <A HREF="mailto:pgsql-general-request@PostgreSQL.org">pgsql-general-request@PostgreSQL.org</A> ¤ØÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
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+
+<PRE>
+ subscribe
+ end
+</PRE>
+
+¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ <A HREF="mailto:pgsql-general-digest-request@PostgreSQL.org"> pgsql-general-digest-request@PostgreSQL.org</A> ¤ØÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
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+
+<P> ¥Ð¥°¤Î¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤âÍøÍѤǤ¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ø¤Î»²²Ã¤Ï "ËÜʸ"¤È¤¤¤Ã¤·¤ç¤Ë¡§
+<A
+HREF="mailto:bugs-request@PostgreSQL.org">bugs-request@PostgreSQL.org</A>
+
+¤ØÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<P> ³«È¯¼Ô¤ÎµÄÏÀ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤âÍøÍѤǤ¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ø¤Î»²²Ã¤ÏÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¤ÎËÜʸ¤Ë¡§
+
+<P>
+<PRE>
+ subscribe
+ end
+</PRE>
+
+<P> ¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¡¢<A HREF="mailto:pgsql-hackers-request@PostgreSQL.org">pgsql-hackers-request@PostgreSQL.org</A>¤ØÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â¤Ã¤È¾Ü¤·¤¯ÃΤꤿ¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢¼¡¤Î postgreSQL WWW¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤«¤é¤¿¤É¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡§
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+ <A HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org">http://www.PostgreSQL.org</A>
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+IRC ¥Á¥ã¥ó¥Í¥ë¤â EFNet ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î¥Á¥ã¥ó¥Í¥ë¤Ï <I>#PostgreSQL</I> ¤Ç¤¹¡£
+unix ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç<tt>irc -c '#PostgreSQL' "$USER" irc.phoenix.net</tt>
+¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£<P>
+
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí:
+ 1999ǯ7·î23Æü¡¢ÆüËÜPostgreSQL¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼²ñ(¤Ë¤Û¤ó ¤Ý¤¹¤È¤°¤ì¤¹ ¤æ¡¼¤¶¡¼ ¤«¤¤)¡¢Î¬¾ÎJPUG¤¬ÀßΩ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
+ JPUG ¤ÏÈó±ÄÍøÁÈ¿¥¤Ç¡¢PostgreSQL¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¿Íã¤ÎÁê¸ß¶¨ÎϤξì¤Ç¤¹¡£
+ Àµ²ñ°÷¤Î²ñÈñ¤Ï̵ÎÁ¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢²ñ°÷¤ÎÀѶËŪ¤Ê¹×¸¥¤¬²ñ¤Î±¿±Ä¤ò½õ¤±¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢JPUG¤ÎWeb ¥µ¥¤¥È:
+ <A HREF="http://www.jp.postgresql.org/">http://www.jp.postgresql.org/</A>
+ ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£²ñ°÷ÅÐÏ¿¤â²Äǽ¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ 1990ǯÂåÃ椴¤í¤è¤ê¡¢¥Ý¥¹¥È¥°¥ì¥¹¤ÎÆüËܸì¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¡¦¥ê¥¹¥È¤òÀаæ ãÉפµ¤ó¤¬¼çºÅ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¾ÜºÙ¤Ï¡¢
+ <A HREF="http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/ML/info.html">http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/ML/info.html</A>
+ ¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¤ò¡¢¤¤¤ï¤¤ê¤µ¤ó¤Îpgsql-jp ML¸¡º÷¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à
+ <A HREF="http://datula.mio.org/~iwakiri/pgsql_jp/">http://datula.mio.org/~iwakiri/pgsql_jp/</A>
+ ¤Ç¸¡º÷¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+
+<P>¾¦ÍÑ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È²ñ¼Ò¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï<a href="http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html">http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html</a>¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí:
+ ÆüËܤǤϡ¢<A HREF="http://osb.sra.co.jp/">SRA Inc. ¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à»ö¶ÈÉô</A> ¤Ë¤Æ¾¦ÍÑ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬¹Ô¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ <A HREF="http://www.miraclelinux.co.jp/">¥ß¥é¥¯¥ë¡¦¥ê¥Ê¥Ã¥¯¥¹³ô¼°²ñ¼Ò</A> ¤Ç "Miracle Linux for PostgreSQL" ¤ÎÈÎÇä¤È¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬
+ ³«»Ï¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="1.7">1.7</A>) ºÇ¿·ÈǤϲ¿¤Ç¤¹¤«</H4>
+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤ÎºÇ¿·ÈǤϥС¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 7.0.3 ¤Ç¤¹¡£
+<P>
+²æ¡¹¤Ï¡¢4¥«·îËè¤Ë¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤ò·×²è¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="1.8">1.8</A>) ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êʸ½ñ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+
+<P> ÇÛÉÕ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¡¢¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤È¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¡¦¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë(¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¡¦¥Ú¡¼¥¸)¤ª¤è¤Ó¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¾®¤µ¤Ê¥Æ¥¹¥ÈÎãÂ꤬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£<I>/doc</I> ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ç¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤ò¡¢<A
+HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/docs/">
+http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/docs/</A>
+¤Ç¤â±ÜÍ÷¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤ÎËܤ⤢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ <A
+HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html">
+http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html</A><P>
+
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí:
+ ÆüËܥݥ¹¥È¥°¥ì¥¹¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼²ñ¤Î<A HREF="http://www.jp.postgresql.org/subcommittee/psqltrans/">PostgreSQL BookËÝÌõʬ²Ê²ñ</A>¤Ç¡¢
+ ËÝÌõºî¶È¤¬¿Ê¹ÔÃæ¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P> <I>psql</I> ¤â¡¢·¿¡¢±é»»»Ò¡¢´Ø¿ô¡¢½¸Ì󡢤½¤Î¾¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò¤ª¸«¤»¤¹¤ë¡¢¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÁÇÀ²¤é¤·¤¤ \d ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹¡£
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+<P>
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+</H4><P>
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+ ÄÍÅÄ ÂîÌ餵¤ó¤Ï¡¢PHP4 ÍѤÎÆüËܸì´Ø·¸¤Î³ÈÄ¥¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë
+ <A HREF="ftp://night.fminn.nagano.nagano.jp/php4/">ftp://night.fminn.nagano.nagano.jp/php4/</A>
+ ¤òÍÑ°Õ¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤Ã¤Æ¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ ËܲȤÎÊý¤Ç¹ñºÝ²½¤ÎML¤âΩ¤Á¾å¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P> Ê£»¨¤Ê¾ì¹ç¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î¿Í¤Ï Perl ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤È CGI.pm ¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> Perl ¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿ WDB ¤ò´ð¤Ë¤·¤¿ WWW ¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤Ï<A HREF="http://www.eol.ists.ca/~dunlop/wdb-p95">http://www.eol.ists.ca/~dunlop/wdb-p95</A>¤«¤é¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí:
+ WDB ¤Ï¡¢Web ¤«¤é DataBase ¤Ø¤Î Perl ¤Î Interface ¤Ç¤¹¡£
+ wdb-p95 ¤Ø¤Î¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ÏÀÚ¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¡¢Perl DBI ·Ðͳ¤Ç DBD::Pg ¤ÎÍøÍѤ¬²Äǽ¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ ¸½ºß¡¢WDBI ¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î
+ <A HREF="http://www.egroups.com/list/wdb-users/">http://www.egroups.com/list/wdb-users/</A>
+ ¤È¡¢WDB¤Î̾Á°¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Î¤â¤Î
+ <A HREF="http://www.i-con.dk/wdb/">http://www.i-con.dk/wdb/</A>
+ ¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î·Ð°Þ¤Ï¤è¤¯¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="2.3">2.3</A>) PostgreSQL ¤Ï¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥«¥ë¡¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¦¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡© ¥ì¥Ý¡¼¥È¡¦¥¸¥§¥Í¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ï¡© Ëä¤á¹þ¤ßÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¸À¸ì¤Ø¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ï¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> <I>pgaccess</I> ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ëÁÇÀ²¤é¤·¤¤¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥«¥ë¡¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¦¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢¤³¤ÎÇÛÉۤȶ¦¤Ë½Ð²Ù¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£<I>Pgaccess</I> ¤Ë¤Ï¥ì¥Ý¡¼¥È¡¦¥¸¥§¥Í¥ì¡¼¥¿¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£Web ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ï<A HREF="http://www.flex.ro/pgaccess">http://www.flex.ro/pgaccess</A>¤Ç¤¹¡£
+
+<P> <I>ecpg</I> ¤È¤¤¤¦ C ¸À¸ì¤Î¤¿¤á¤ÎËä¤á¹þ¤ß <font size=-1>SQL</font> Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¸À¸ì¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="2.4">2.4</A>) PostgreSQL ¤ÈÄÌ¿®¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤ó¤Ê¸À¸ì¤¬»È¤¨¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P>°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹:
+
+<UL>
+<LI>C (libpq)
+<LI>C++ (libpq++)
+<LI>Ëä¤á¹þ¤ßC (ecpg)
+<LI>Java (jdbc)
+<LI>Perl (perl5)
+<LI>ODBC (odbc)
+<LI>Python (<A HREF="http://www.druid.net/pygresql/">PyGreSQL</A>)
+<LI>TCL (libpgtcl)
+<LI>C Easy API (libpgeasy)
+<LI>Ëä¤á¹þ¤ß<font size=-1>HTML</font> (<A HREF="http://www.php.net">PHP from http://www.php.net</A>)
+</UL>
+<P>
+
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí¡§
+ <A HREF="http://www.netlab.co.jp/ruby/jp/">ruby</A>¤Îºî¼Ô¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Þ¤Ä¤â¤È ¤æ¤¤Ò¤í(matz@ZetaBITS.COM)¤µ¤ó¤È¡¢¤Þ¤Ä¤â¤È ¤¨¤¤¤¸(ematsu@pfu.co.jp)¤µ¤ó¤¬
+ ruby ¤Î PostgreSQL ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¸½ºß¤Î°Ý»ý´ÉÍý¤ÏÀÆÆ£ ÅФµ¤ó¤¬¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ <A HREF="http://webclub.kcom.ne.jp/mb/noborus/ruby/">http://webclub.kcom.ne.jp/mb/noborus/ruby/</A>
+ PgBash ¤Ï ¶ÅÄ ²íÌÀ ¤µ¤ó¤¬ºî¤Ã¤¿ bash ¤Î PostgreSQL ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹¡£
+ <A HREF="http://www.psn.co.jp/PostgreSQL/pgbash/">http://www.psn.co.jp/PostgreSQL/pgbash/</A>
+ Bash¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Çpostgres ¤ËÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<H2><CENTER>´ÉÍý¾å¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="3.1">3.1</A>) ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð <I>/usr/local/pgsql</I> °Ê³°¤Î¾ì½ê¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+
+<P> ´Êñ¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ï¡¢ <I>configure</I> ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤ë¤È¤¤Ë --prefix ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="3.2">3.2</A>) postmaster ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤ë¤È¡¢<I>Bad System Call</I> ¤È¤«¥³¥¢¡¦¥À¥ó¥×¤·¤¿¤È¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤ÊÌäÂ꤬¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¤Þ¤ººÇ½é¤Ë¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë System V IPC ¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤¬¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£PostgreSQL ¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤è¤ë¶¦Í¥á¥â¥ê¡¼¤È¥»¥Þ¥Õ¥©¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="3.3">3.3</A>) <I>postmaster</I> ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢<I>IpcMemoryCreate</I> ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬¶¦Í¥á¥â¥ê¡¼¤ò»ý¤ÄÀßÄê¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤«¡¢¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤Æ»È¤¨¤ë¶¦Í¥á¥â¥ê¡¼¤ÎÂ礤µ¤òÂ礤¯ÀßÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¶ñÂÎŪ¤ÊÂ礤µ¤Ï¡¢»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¢¡¼¥¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã¤È<I>postmaster</I> ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤ë¤È¤¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤Î¿ô¤È¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢´ûÄêÃͤΥХåե¡¥µ¥¤¥º¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ç¡¢¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤âÌó1MB¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="3.4">3.4</A>) <I>postmaster¤ò</I>Áö¤é¤»¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢<I>IpcSemaphoreCreate</I> ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P>¤â¤·¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬<I>IpcSemaphoreCreate: semget failed (No space left on device)</I>¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬½½Ê¬¤Ê¥»¥Þ¥Õ¥©¤ò»È¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£Postgres¤ÏÀøºßŪ¤Ê¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¥×¥í¥»¥¹Ëè¤Ë°ì¤Ä¤Î¥»¥Þ¥Õ¥©¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤È¤ê¤¢¤¨¤º¤Î²ò·èºö¤Ï<I>postmaster</I>¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ë¡¢¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¿ô¤ò¤è¤ê¾¯¤Ê¤¯À©¸Â¤ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£´ûÄêÃͤÎ32¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤Ê¿ô¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ò<I>-N</I>¤Ç»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤è¤ê¹±µ×Ū¤Ê²ò·èºö¤Ï¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î<font size=-1>SEMMNS</font> ¤È <font size=-1>SEMMNI</font> ¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤òÁý¤ä¤¹¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£
+<P>¤â¤·¡¢¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬¤Ê¤Ë¤«Â¾¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¹½À®¤Ç¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¥»¥Þ¥Õ¥©¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="3.5">3.5</A>) ¾¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¼«Ê¬¤Î PostgreSQL ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤òËɤ°¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ´ûÄêÃͤǤϡ¢PostgreSQL ¤Ï unix ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò»È¤¦¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤«¤é¤ÎÀܳ¤·¤«µö¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£<I>postmaster</I> µ¯Æ°¤Ë <I>-i</I> ¥Õ¥é¥Ã¥°¤ò²Ã¤¨¡¢<I>$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf</I> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òŬÀڤ˾¤·¤Æ¡¢¥Û¥¹¥È¼çƳ·¿¤Îǧ¾Ú¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤®¤ê¤Ï¾¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤«¤é¤ÏÀܳ¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤êTCP/IP¤ÎÀܳ¤¬²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
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+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="3.6">3.6</A>) ¾¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤«¤é¼«Ê¬¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ËÀܳ¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ´ûÄê¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤Ï¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤«¤é¤Î unix ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¥½¥±¥Ã¥ÈÀܳ¤·¤«µö¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£TCP/IP Àܳ¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï postmaster ¤¬ <I>-i</I> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç³«»Ï¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢<I>pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf</I> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËŬÀڤʥۥ¹¥È¤ÎµºÜ¤¬Äɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="3.7">3.7</A>) ¤è¤ê¤è¤¤Àǽ¤òÆÀ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¡¦¥¨¥ó¥¸¥ó¤òÄ´À°¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ³Î¤«¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ÏÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Î®ÅÙ¤òÁý¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£<font size=-1>EXPLAIN</font>¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç PostgreSQL ¤¬¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤òËÝÌõ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢¤É¤Î¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<P>¤â¤· <font size=-1>INSERT</font> ¤ò¿ÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢<font size=-1>COPY</font> ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÂ礤ʥХåÁ½èÍý¤Ç¤½¤ì¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤ò¸¡Æ¤¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢<font size=-1>INSERT</font> ¤òÊÌ¡¹¤Ë¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤è¤ê¤â¤Ã¤È¹â®¤Ç¤¹¡£¼¡¤Ë¡¢<font size=-1>BEGIN WORK/COMMIT</font> ¤Î¥È¥é¥ó¥¶¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¡¦¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ÎÃæ¤Ë̵¤¤Ê¸¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¼«¿È¤¬¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥È¥é¥ó¥¶¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¸«¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Îʸ¤ò°ì¤Ä¤Î¥È¥é¥ó¥¶¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¡¦¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê¥È¥é¥ó¥¶¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥ª¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥Ø¥Ã¥É¤¬¸º¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢Â礤ʥǡ¼¥¿¤ÎÊѹ¹¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¦ºÝ¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò°ìÅÙ³°¤·¤Æ¡¢ºî¤êľ¤¹¤³¤È¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤ß¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<P> ¥Á¥å¡¼¥Ë¥ó¥°¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£<I>postmaster</I> ¤ò <I>-o -F</I> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Çµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢<I>fsync()</I> ¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢³Æ¥È¥é¥ó¥¶¥¯¥·¥ç¥óËè¤Ë <I>fsync()</I> ¤Ç¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ò»ß¤á¤µ¤»¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> <I>postmaster</I> <I>-B</I> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¡¦¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ê»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¶¦Í¥á¥â¥ê¡¼¡¦¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤òÂ礤¯¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤â¤·¡¢¤³¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ò¹â¤¯¤·¤¹¤®¤ë¤È¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¶¦Í¥á¥â¥ê¡¼¶õ´Ö¤ÎÀ©¸ÂÃͤò±Û¤¨¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¦¤¿¤á¤Ë <I>postmaster</I> ¤¬Áö¤é¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£´ûÄêÃͤǤϡ¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ÎÂ礤µ¤Ï 8K ¤Ç¡¢¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¿ô¤Ï 64 ¤Ç¤¹¡£
+
+<P> ¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¤ò <I>-S</I> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¡¦¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬°ì»þŪ¤ÊʤÙÂؤ¨¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ»È¤¦¥á¥â¥ê¡¼¤ÎºÇÂ祵¥¤¥º¤òÁý¤ä¤¹¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤½¤Î <I>-S</I> ¤ÎÃͤϥ¥í¥Ð¥¤¥Èñ°Ì¤Ç¡¢´ûÄêÃÍ¤Ï 512 (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢512K)¤Ç¤¹¡£
+
+<P> ¤Þ¤¿¡¢<font size=-1>CLUSTER</font> ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ë¹ç¤ï¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¥°¥ë¡¼¥×²½¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤Ç <I>CLUSTER</I> ¤ò¸«¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="3.8">3.8</A>) ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ç¥Ð¥°µ¡Ç½¤¬»È¤¨¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥Ð¥°¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë°ÕÌ£¤Î¤¢¤ë¡¢¾õÂÖ¾ðÊó¤òÊó¹ð¤¹¤ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Îµ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> ¤Þ¤º¡¢--enable-cassert ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç <I>configure</I> ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤¦¤·¤Æ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢Âô»³¤Î <I>assert()</I> ¤¬¡¢¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¤Î¿ÊĽ¾õ¶·¤ò´Æ»ë¤·¡¢²¿¤«Í½´ü¤»¤Ì¤³¤È¤¬µ¯¤¤ë¤È¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òÄä»ß¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> <I>postmaster</I> ¤È <I>postgres</I> ¤ÎξÊý¤Ç¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥°¡¦¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÍøÍѤ¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤º¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë <I>postmaster</I> ¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ï¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤â¡¢É¸½à½ÐÎϤȥ¨¥é¡¼½ÐÎϤò¥í¥°¡¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÁ÷¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Î¤«¤á¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<PRE>
+ cd /usr/local/pgsql
+ ./bin/postmaster >server.log 2>&1 &
+</PRE>
+
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+</PRE>
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+ + 4 bytes: ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¾å¤Î¥¿¥Ã¥×¥ë¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿
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+
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+
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+ ------------------- = 171 rows per database page (ÀÚ¤ê¾å¤²)
+ 48 bytes per row
+
+ 300000 data rows
+ -------------------- = 1755 database pages
+ 171 rows per page
+
+1755 database pages * 8192 bytes per page = 14,376,960 bytes (14MB)
+</PRE>
+
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+
+<P>
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+</H4>
+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤ÏÅý·×¾ðÊó¤ò¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¤ÏÊݼ餷¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£Åý·×¾ðÊó¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢<font size=-1>VACUUM</font> ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£Åý·×¾ðÊ󤬹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤¿¸å¤Ï¡¢¥ª¥Ö¥Æ¥£¥Þ¥¤¥¶¤¬¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ë²¿¹Ô¤¢¤ë¤«¤òÃΤäơ¢¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò»È¤¦¤Ù¤¤«¤Î·èÄê¤ò¤è¤êÎɤ¯²¼¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¥ª¥Ö¥Æ¥£¥Þ¥¤¥¶¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤¬¾®¤µ¤¯¤ÆϢ³¥¹¥¥ã¥ó¤ÎÊý¤¬Â®¤¤¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤´Ãí°Õ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
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+
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+
+<P> <font size=-1>LIKE</font> ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï <I>~</I> ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É±é»»»Ò(wild-card operators)¤ò»È¤¦¤È¤¡¢¸¡º÷¤Î³«»Ï¤¬Ê¸»úÎó¤Î»Ï¤á¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ë¸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤Ë¤Î¤ß¡¢¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
+¤½¤¦¤¤¤¦¤ï¤±¤Ç¡¢¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò»È¤¦¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢<font size=-1>LIKE</font> ¸¡º÷¤Ç¤Ï<I>%</I>¤Ç»Ï¤á¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¡¢¤Þ¤¿¡¢<I>~</I>(Àµµ¬É½¸½¸¡º÷)¤Ï<I>^</I> ¤Ç»Ï¤á¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ù¤¤Ç¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.10">4.10</A>) Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¥ª¥Ö¥Æ¥£¥Þ¥¤¥¶¤¬¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤òɾ²Á¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«¤ò¸«¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤Ç <font size=-1>EXPLAIN</font> ¤ò¸«¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<P>
+<H3><A NAME="4.11">4.11</A>) R-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©</H3>
+
+<P> R-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ï¶õ´ÖŪ¤Ê¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òÉÕ¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥å¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¤ÏÈϰϤθ¡º÷¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢B-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢£±¼¡¸µ¤Ç¤·¤«ÈϰϤθ¡º÷¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£R-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¿¼¡¸µ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò°·¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¤â¤· R-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò <I>point</I> ·¿¤Î°À¤ËÉÕ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¡¢¡ÖĹÊý·Á¤Ë°Ï¤Þ¤ì¤¿ÅÀ¤ò¤¹¤Ù¤ÆÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤ÊÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ë¡¢¤è¤ê¸úΨÎɤ¯Åú¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> R-Tree ¤ÎÀ߷פθ¶Åµ¤È¤Ê¤ë¸¢°Ò¤¢¤ëÏÀʸ¤Ï:
+
+<P> Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching."
+Proc of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, 45-57.
+
+<P> ¤³¤ÎÏÀʸ¤Ï¡¢Stonebraker ¶µ¼ø¤Î "Readings in Database Systems"
+¤Ç¤â¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí¡§
+ ÆàÎÉÀèüÂç¤ÎÀÐÀî²Â¼£¤µ¤ó¤è¤êR-Tree´Ø·¸¤Îʸ¸¥¤ò¾Ò²ð¤·¤Æĺ¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
+ ÆüËܸì Postgres ML ¤Î¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¤«¤é "Subject: [postgres95 801] spatial data structures"
+ <A HREF="http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/mhonarc/pgsql-jp/1996Oct/msg00007.html">http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/mhonarc/pgsql-jp/1996Oct/msg00007.html</A>
+ ¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P> Áȹþ¤ß¤Î R-Tree ¤Ç¥Ý¥ê¥´¥ó¤ä¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òÁàºî¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ÍýÏÀŪ¤Ë¤ÏR-Tree ¤Ï¤â¤Ã¤È¹â¤¤¼¡¸µ¤òÁàºî¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤â³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¼Â¼ÁŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢R-Tree ¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤Ë¤Ï¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤È¤·¤¿ºî¶È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ·¤Æ¡¢¸½ºß¡¢²æ¡¹¤Ï¤½¤ì¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Îʸ½ñ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+
+<P>
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí¡§
+ ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥¦¥£¥º¤ÎÊÒ²¬¤µ¤ó¤¬Â¿¼¡¸µ´ö²¿¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ø¤Î³ÈÄ¥ºî¶ÈÃæ¤Ç¤¹¡£¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢
+ <A HREF="http://www.interwiz.koganei.tokyo.jp/software/geometric/index.html">http://www.interwiz.koganei.tokyo.jp/software/geometric/index.html</A>
+ ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.12">4.12</A>) °äÅÁŪÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»ºÇŬ²½¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> GEQO ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤Ï¡¢Âô»³¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò·ë¹ç¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ë¡¢°äÅÁŪ¥¢¥ë¥´¥ê¥º¥à(GA)¤ÇÌä¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¹â®²½¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¤·¤é¤ß¤Ä¤Ö¤·¤Ëõº÷¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤ï¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¡¢Â礤ʷë¹ç(join queries)¤ò°·¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
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+
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+<I>~</I>±é»»»Ò¤ÏÀµµ¬É½¸½¾È¹ç¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¤¡¢<I>~*</I> ¤ÏÂçʸ»ú¤È¾®Ê¸»ú¤ò¶èÊ̤·¤Ê¤¤(case-insensitive)Àµµ¬É½¸½¾È¹ç¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ PostgreSQL 7.1 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Âçʸ»ú¤È¾®Ê¸»ú¤ò¶èÊ̤·¤Ê¤¤ <font size=-1>LIKE</font> ±é»»»Ò¤ò <font size=-1>ILIKE</font> ¤È¤¤¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+
+<PRE>
+ WHERE lower(textfield) LIKE lower(pattern)
+</PRE>
+
+
+<P>
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+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.15">4.15</A>) ÍÍ¡¹¤Êʸ»ú·¿¤Î¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<PRE>
+Type Internal Name Notes
+--------------------------------------------------
+"char" char 1 character
+CHAR(#) bpchar »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¸ÇÄêĹ¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¶õÇò¤¬µÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤ë
+VARCHAR(#) varchar Ťµ¤Î¾å¸Â¤Î̵¤¤¥Æ¥¥¹¥È
+TEXT text Ťµ¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤ÏºÇÂç¹ÔŤˤè¤ë
+BYTEA bytea ²ÄÊÑĹ¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥ÈÇÛÎó
+</PRE>
+
+<P> ÆâÉô̾¤Ë¤ªÌܤˤ«¤«¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡¦¥«¥¿¥í¥°¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤È¤¤ä¡¢¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤È¤¤Ç¤¹¡£
+
+
+<P> ¾åµ¤Î·¿¤Î¤¦¤Á¸å¤Î£´¤Ä¤Î·¿¤Ï "varlena" ·¿¤Ç¤¹(¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î£´¥Ð¥¤¥È¤¬¥Ç¡¼¥¿Ä¹¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤Î¸å¤Ë¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬Â³¤¤Þ¤¹)¡£¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼ÂºÝ¤Î¶õ´Ö¤ÏÀë¸À¤µ¤ì¤¿Â礤µ¤è¤ê¤â¾¯¤·Â礤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿·¿¤Ï<font size=-1>TOAST</font>¤Ë¤è¤ê°µ½Ì¤µ¤ì¤¿¤êÊ£¿ô¹Ô¤ËÅϤäÆÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤ê¤·¤Æ¡¢¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¾å¤Î¶õ´Ö¤Ï»×¤Ã¤¿¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
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+</H4>
+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤Ï <font size=-1>SERIAL</font> ¥Ç¡¼¥¿·¿¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£Îó¾å¤ËÄÌÈ֤ȥ¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò¼«Æ°ºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
+
+<PRE>
+ CREATE TABLE person (
+ id SERIAL,
+ name TEXT
+ );
+</PRE>
+¤Ï¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËËÝÌõ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹:
+<PRE>
+ CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
+ CREATE TABLE person (
+ id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
+ name TEXT
+ );
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );
+</PRE>
+ÄÌÈ֤ˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Î¤â¤Ã¤È¾Ü¤·¤¤¾ðÊó¤Ï¡¢¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤Ç <I>create_sequence</I> ¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
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+
+ Bruce Momjian ¤Î<A HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/aw_pgsql_book">(http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/aw_pgsql_book)¤Î Numbering Rows</A>¤Î¾Ï¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤¢¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+
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+</H4><P>
+
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+
+<PRE>
+ $newSerialID = nextval('person_id_seq');
+ INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES ($newSerialID, 'Blaise Pascal');
+</PRE>
+
+¤½¤¦¤·¤Æ¡¢<tt>$newSerialID</tt> ¤ËÊݸ¤·¤¿¿·¤·¤¤Ãͤò¾¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ë(¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢<tt>person</tt> ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ËÂФ¹¤ë³°Éô¸°(foreign key)¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë)»È¤¦¤È¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¼«Æ°Åª¤Ëºî¤é¤ì¤¿<font size=-1>SEQUENCE</font>¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î̾Á°¤Ï¡¢<<I>table</I>>_<<I>serialcolumn</I>>_<I>seq</I> ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢¤³¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢<I>table</I> ¤È <I>serialcolumn</I> ¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î̾Á°¤È<font size=-1>SERIAL</font>Îó¤Î̾Á°¤Ç¤¹¡£
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+
+<PRE>
+ INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal');
+ $newID = currval('person_id_seq');
+</PRE>
+
+ºÇ¸å¤Ë¡¢<font size=-1>INSERT</font>ʸ¤«¤éÊÖ¤ë<A HREF="#4.17"><font size=-1>OID</font></A>¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢´ûÄêÃͤò¤ß¤Ä¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤ÏºÇ¤â°Ü¿¢À¤ÎÄ㤤¤ä¤êÊý¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£Perl¤ÎDBI¤Ç Edmund Mergl ¤Î DBD::Pg ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð¡¢$sth->execute() ¤Î¸å¤Ë $sth->{pg_oid_status} ¤ò·Ðͳ¤·¤Æ¤½¤Î OID Ãͤò»È¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
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+
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+
+
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+</H4>
+
+<P> <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤È¤Ï°ì°Õ¤Î¹Ô ID ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë PostgreSQL ¤ÎÅú¤¨¤Ç¤¹¡£PostgreSQL ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¤Ä¤¯¤é¤ì¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¹Ô¤Ï°ì°Õ¤Î <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤òÆÀ¤Þ¤¹¡£<I>initdb</I> ¤Ç(<I>backend/access/transam.h</I> ¤«¤é)ȯÀ¸¤µ¤ì¤ë <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ 16384¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤ÊÃͤǤ¹¡£<I>initdb</I> ¸å¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î <font size=-1>OID</font> (¥æ¡¼¥¶ºîÀ®)¤Ï¤½¤ì°Ê¾å¤ÎÃͤˤʤê¤Þ¤¹¡£´ûÄê¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ëÆâ¤ä¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹Æâ¤Ëα¤Þ¤é¤º¡¢PostgreSQL ¤Î¤½¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥óÁ´ÂÎÆâ¤Ç°ì°Õ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë´Ö¤Î¹Ô¤ò·ë¤Ó¤Ä¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¤½¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ëÆâ¤Ë <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤ÏÆÃÄê¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¹Ô¤ò¼±Ê̤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ä·ë¹ç¤ÎÃæ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£<font size=-1>OID</font> ¤ÎÃͤòÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï <I>OID</I> ·¿¤òÎó¤Ë»È¤¦¤³¤È¤ò¾©¤á¤Þ¤¹¡£¤è¤ê®¤¯¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë <I>OID</I> ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> O<font size=-1>ID</font> ¤Ï¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤«¤é»È¤ï¤ì¤ëÃæ±ûÎΰ褫¤é¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¿·¤·¤¤¹Ô¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£<font size=-1>OID</font> ¤ò¾¤Î²¿¤«¤ËÊѤ¨¤¿¤¤¡¢¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¸µ¤Î <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤Ç¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ê¤é¡¢¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤Íýͳ¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+
+<PRE>
+ CREATE TABLE new_table(old_oid oid, mycol int);
+ SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;
+ COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';
+ DELETE FROM new;
+ COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';
+<!--
+ CREATE TABLE new_table (mycol int);
+ INSERT INTO new_table (oid, mycol) SELECT oid, mycol FROM old_table;
+-->
+</PRE>
+
+<P> O<font size=-1>ID</font> ¤Ï¡¢4¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ÎÀ°¿ô¤È¤·¤ÆÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢40²¯¤ò±Û¤¨¤ë¤È°î¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£Ã¯¤â¤³¤ì¤¬µ¯¤¤¿¤ÈÊó¹ð¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ë¿Í¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢¤½¤¦¤Ê¤ëÁ°¤Ë¤³¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤ò¼è¤ê½ü¤¯¤³¤È¤ò·×²è¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> T<font size=-1>ID</font> ¤ÏÆÃÄê¤ÎʪÍý¹Ô¤ò¤½¤Î¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤È¥ª¥Õ¥»¥Ã¥ÈÃͤǼ±Ê̤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£<font size=-1>TID</font> ¤Ï¹Ô¤¬½¤Àµ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤êºÆ¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤ë¤ÈÊѤï¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤ì¤é¤Î <font size=-1>TID</font> ¤Ï¡¢ÊªÍý¹Ô¤ò»Ø¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹µºÜ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.18">4.18</A>) PostgreSQL ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÍѸì¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤ä¸Å¤¤Ê¸½ñ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ÎÀìÌçʬÌî¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¤â¤Ã¤È°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ëÀìÌçÍѸ줬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<UL>
+<LI> ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë(table)¡¢´Ø·¸(relation)¡¢¥¯¥é¥¹(class)
+<LI> ¹Ô(row)¡¢¥ì¥³¡¼¥É(record)¡¢¥¿¥Ã¥×¥ë(tuple)
+<LI> Îó(column)¡¢¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É(field)¡¢Â°À(attribute)
+<LI> ¼èÆÀ(retrieve)¡¢ÁªÂò(select)
+<LI> ÃÖ´¹(replace)¡¢¹¹¿·(update)
+<LI> ÄɲÃ(append)¡¢ÁÞÆþ(insert)
+<LI> <font size=-1>OID</font>, Ï¢ÈÖ(serial value)
+<LI> ¥Ý¡¼¥¿¥ë(portal), ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë(cursor)
+<LI> ÎΰèÊÑ¿ô(range variable)¡¢¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë̾(table name)¡¢¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ëÊÌ̾(table alias)
+</UL>
+<P>°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹ÍѸì¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¡§<a
+href="http://www.comptechnews.com/~reaster/dbdesign.html">
+http://www.comptechnews.com/~reaster/dbdesign.html</a>
+¤Ç¸«¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.19">4.19</A>) ¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸ <I>"ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"</I>¤¬½Ð¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+<P>
+¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î²¾ÁÛ¥á¥â¥ê¡¼¤òÁ´¤Æ»È¤¤²Ì¤¿¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¡¢¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï
+¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ë¥ê¥½¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÄ㤤À©¸ÂÃͤò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<I>postmaster</I> ¤ò³«»Ï¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¤³¤ì¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡§
+
+<PRE>
+ ulimit -d 262144
+ limit datasize 256m
+</PRE>
+
+<P>
+¥·¥§¥ë¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤¬À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥»¥°¥á¥ó¥ÈÀ©¸Â¤ò¤è¤ê¹â¤¯ÀßÄꤷ¡¢¤¿¤Ö¤óÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤¬´°·ë¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¸½¹Ô¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤È¡¢¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÁö¤é¤»¤¿¸å¤Ëºî¤é¤ì¤ëÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆŬÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¤¬¤È¤Æ¤â¿¤¯¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë<font size=-1>SQL</font> ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ÇÌäÂ꤬³¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ò³«»Ï¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¤³¤ì¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.20">4.20</A>) ¤É¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î PostgreSQL ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+</H4>
+<P>
+<I>psql</I> ¤«¤é <tt>select version();</tt> ¤ò¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<P>
+
+
+<H4><A NAME="4.21">4.21</A>) ¥é¡¼¥¸¡¦¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ÎÁàºî¤Ç<I>invalid large obj descriptor</I> ¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P>¥é¡¼¥¸¡¦¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥ÈÁàºî¤ò¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ï¡¢Á°¸å¤Ë<tt>BEGIN WORK</tt>¤È<tt>COMMIT</tt>¤òÉÕ¤±¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢<tt>lo_open</tt> ... <tt>lo_close</tt>¤ò¤Ï¤µ¤ß¹þ¤ß¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>¸½ºß¤Ï¡¢PostgreSQL¤Î¥È¥é¥ó¥¶¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥³¥ß¥Ã¥È»þ¤Ë¥é¡¼¥¸¡¦¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¡¦¥Ï¥ó¥É¥ë¤òÊĤ¸¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢<I>lo_open</I>¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬´°Î»¤·¤¿Ä¾¸å¤Ë¶¯À©Åª¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥ë¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢ºÇ½é¤Ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤Æ²¿¤«¤ò¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢<I>invalid large obj descriptor(¥é¡¼¥¸¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Îµ½Ò»Ò¤¬ÉÔÀµ)</I>¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤ì¤Ç¡¢¤â¤·¡¢¥È¥é¥ó¥¶¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤ò˺¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢¡Ê¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î»þ´Ö¡ËƯ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤¿¥³¡¼¥É¤¬¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò½Ð¤¹¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£
+
+<P>¤â¤·¡¢<font size=-1>ODBC</font>¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò¤ª»È¤¤¤Ê¤é¡¢<tt>auto-commit off</tt>¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+<P>
+
+
+<H4><A NAME="4.22">4.22</A>) ¸½ºß¤Î»þ¹ï¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÎó¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ä¤¯¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR></H4>
+
+<P><i>now()</i>¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹:
+<PRE>
+ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT now() );
+</PRE>
+<P>
+
+
+<H4><A NAME="4.23">4.23</A>) ¤Ê¤¼¡¢<font size=-1>IN</font>¤ò»È¤¦ÉûÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤¬¤È¤Æ¤âÃÙ¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+<P>
+¸½ºß¡¢³°ÉôÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Î³Æ¹Ô¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÉûÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Î·ë²Ì¤ò½çÈ֤˥¹¥¥ã¥ó¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢ÉûÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò³°ÉôÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ë·ë¹ç¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ÅöÌ̤Ï<font size=-1>IN</font>¤ò<font size=-1>EXIST</font>S¤ÇÃÖ¤´¹¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡§
+<PRE>
+ SELECT *
+ FROM tab
+ WHERE col1 IN (SELECT col2 FROM TAB2)
+</PRE>
+¤ò¡¢ÃÖ¤´¹¤¨¤Æ¡§
+<PRE>
+ SELECT *
+ FROM tab
+ WHERE EXISTS (SELECT col2 FROM TAB2 WHERE col1 = col2)
+</PRE>
+¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+¤³¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤Ï¾Íè¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Çľ¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="4.24">4.24</A>) <i>³°Éô</i>·ë¹ç(<i>outer</i> join)¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â¸½¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«?<BR></H4>
+<P>
+PostgreSQL 7.1 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï<font size=-1>SQL</font>ɸ½à¹½Ê¸¤ò»È¤¦³°Éô·ë¹ç(¥¢¥¦¥¿¡¼¥¸¥ç¥¤¥ó)¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤³¤Ë¡¢ÎãÂ꤬2¤Ä¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<pre> SELECT *
+ FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);</pre>
+¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï
+<pre> SELECT *
+ FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);</pre>
+
+¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¾ÝħŪ¤ÊÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ç¤Ï t1.col ¤ò t2.col ¤È·ë¹ç¤·¤Æ¡¢t1 ¤Î
+·ë¹ç¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¹Ô(t2 ¤È°ìÃפ·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¹Ô)¤âÊÖ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£<font size=-1>RIGHT</font> ·ë¹ç¤Ï t2 ¤Î·ë¹ç¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¹Ô¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£<font size=-1>FULL</font> ·ë¹ç¤Ï¡¢°ìÃפ·¤¿¹Ô¤Ë t1 ¤È t2 ¤«¤é¤Ï·ë¹ç¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¹Ô¤òÊÖ¤¹¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£<font size=-1>OUTER</font> ¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍդϥª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç <font size=-1>LEFT</font>, <font size=-1>RIGHT</font>, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï <font size=-1>FULL</font> ¤Ê¤É¤Î·ë¹ç¤ò²¾Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
++These identical queries join t1.col to t2.col, and also return any unjoined
++rows in t1 (those with no match in t2). A <font size=-1>RIGHT</font> join
++would add unjoined rows of t2. A <font size=-1>FULL</font> join would return
++the matched rows plus all unjoined rows from t1 and t2. The word <font size=-1>OUTER</font>
++is optional and is assumed in <font size=-1>LEFT</font>, <font size=-1>RIGHT</font>,
++and <font size=-1>FULL</font> joins. Ordinary joins are called <font size=-1>INNER</font>
++joins.
+
+
+°ÊÁ°¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤Ï³°Éô·ë¹ç(outer join)¤ò<font size=-1>UNION</font> ¤È <font size=-1>NOT IN</font> ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥·¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢<i>tab1</i> ¤È <i>tab2</i> ¤ò·ë¹ç¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ÇÆó¤Ä¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò<i>³°Éô</i>·ë¹ç¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<PRE>
+ SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2
+ FROM tab1, tab2
+ WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT tab1.col1, NULL
+ FROM tab1
+ WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2)
+ ORDER BY col1
+</PRE>
+
+
+<P>
+<HR>
+<H2><CENTER>PostgreSQL¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="5.1">5.1</A>) ¼«Ê¬¤Ç½ñ¤¤¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶ÄêµÁ´Ø¿ô¤ò psql ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¥³¥¢¡¦¥À¥ó¥×¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ÌäÂê¤Ï¿§¡¹¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤ººÇ½é¤Ë¡¢ºîÀ®¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶ÄêµÁ´Ø¿ô¤òñÆȤΥƥ¹¥È¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤·¤Æ»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="5.2">5.2</A>) PostgreSQL ÍѤ˽ñ¤¤¤¿¿è¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤·¿¤ä´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢¤É¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð´ó£¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ³§¤µ¤ó¤Î¹Ô¤Ê¤Ã¤¿³ÈÄ¥¤ò¡¢<I>pgsql-hackers</I> ¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¡¦¥ê¥¹¥È¤ËÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢¤æ¤¯¤æ¤¯¤Ï¤½¤¦¤·¤¿³ÈÄ¥¤¬ <I>contrib/</I> ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÃæ¤ËÆþ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="5.3">5.3</A>) ¥¿¥×¥ë¤òÊÖ¤¹ C¸À¸ì¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ¸¶ÍýŪ¤Ë¤Ï²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ïµæ¶Ë¤Î̯µ»¤òÍפ·¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç¡¢Ãø¼Ô¤Î¤Þ¤ï¤ê¤Ç¤Ï̤¤Àï¤â¤ä¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+
+<P><H4><A NAME="5.4">5.4</A>) ¥½¡¼¥¹¡¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ºÆ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Æ¤âÊѲ½¤¬¸«¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î <I>Makefile</I> ¤¬¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¡¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤ÆŬÀڤʰ͸´Ø·¸¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£<I>make clean</I> ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤«¤é¤â¤¦°ìÅÙ <I>make</I> ¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤ï¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤â¤·¡¢<font size=-1>GCC</font> ¤ò¤ª»È¤¤¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð <i>configure</i> ¤Î <i>--enable-depend</i> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥é¤Ë°Í¸´Ø·¸¤ò¼«Æ°Åª¤ËÄ´¤Ù¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>PostgreSQL FAQ in Japanese</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#A00000" ALINK="#0000FF">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; CHARSET=x-euc-jp">
+<H1>
+PostgreSQL(¥Ý¥¹¥È¥°¥ì¥¹¡¦¥¥å¡¼¡¦¥¨¥ë)¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤è¤¯¤¢¤ë¼ÁÌä(FAQ)</H1>
+<P>
+¸¶Ê¸ºÇ½ª¹¹¿·Æü: Tue Oct 17 00:21:20 EDT 2000
+ (¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÆüÉÕ¤Ï 03/02/2001)
+<P>
+¸½ºß¤Î°Ý»ý´ÉÍý¼Ô: Bruce Momjian (<A
+HREF="mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</A>)<BR><P>
+<P>
+¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤ÎºÇ¿·ÈǤÏ
+<A HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/</A>
+¤Ç¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<P>
+
+¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¤ËÆÃͤμÁÌä¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï:<A
+ HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/docs/faq.html</A>
+<BR>¤Ë²óÅú¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<P>
+
+<P>
+<small><PRE>
+[ÌõÃí¡§
+ (°Ê²¼¡¢Ìõ¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤ëÃí¼á¤ò [ÌõÃí¡§ ¤È ] ¤È¤Ç°Ï¤ó¤Çµ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£)
+
+ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/ ¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤È http://postgresql.nucba.ac.jp/
+¤Ë¥ê¥À¥¤¥ì¥¯¥È¤µ¤ì¡¢"Not Found" ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
+ <A HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/index.html">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/index.html</A>
+ ¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+
+ÆüËܸìÈǤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¹¡£
+
+ºÇ½ª¹¹¿·Æü: 2001ǯ03·î03Æü
+Ìõ¼Ô: ·¬Â¼ ½á (<A HREF="mailto:juk@jp.postgresql.org">Jun Kuwamura <juk@jp.postgresql.org></A>)
+
+ ¤³¤ÎFAQ¤ÎÏÂÌõ¤ÎºîÀ®¤Ë¶¨ÎϤò¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤Ã¤¿°Ê²¼¤ÎÊý¡¹¤ò¤Ï¤¸¤á¡¢
+
+ ÅÄÃç ̤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:Tanaka.Minoru@keiken.co.jp">Minoru Tanaka <Tanaka.Minoru@keiken.co.jp></A>)
+ Àаæ ãÉפµ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:t-ishii@sra.co.jp">Tatsuo Ishii <t-ishii@sra.co.jp></A>)
+ óîÆ£ Ãοͤµ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:tomos@elelab.nsc.co.jp">Tomohito Saitoh <tomos@elelab.nsc.co.jp></A>)
+ ÇϾì È¥¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:baba@kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp">Hajime Baba <baba@kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp></A>)
+ ²¬ËÜ °ì¹¬¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:kokamoto@itg.hitachi.co.jp">Kazuyuki Okamoto <kokamoto@itg.hitachi.co.jp></A>)
+ ¾®¿û ¾¼°ì¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:s-kosuge@str.hitachi.co.jp">Shoichi Kosuge <s-kosuge@str.hitachi.co.jp></A>)
+ »³²¼ µÁÇ·¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:dica@eurus.dti.ne.jp">Yoshiyuki Yamashita <dica@eurus.dti.ne.jp></A>)
+ ¶ ¿¿ÂÀϺ¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:s_sakai@mxn.mesh.ne.jp">Sintaro Sakai <s_sakai@mxn.mesh.ne.jp></A>)
+ À¸±Û ¾»¸Ê¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:ogochan@zetabits.com">Masami Ogoshi <ogochan@zetabits.com></A>)
+ ÀÐÀî ½Ó¹Ô¤µ¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:tosiyuki@gol.com">Toshiyuki Ishikawa <tosiyuki@gol.com></A>)
+ ËÜÅÄ Ì餵¤ó(<A HREF="mailto:fwif0083@mb.infoweb.ne.jp">Shigehiro Honda <fwif0083@mb.infoweb.ne.jp></A>)
+
+
+¥Ý¥¹¥È¥°¥ì¥¹¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÏÃÂêËÉÙ¤Ê<A HREF="http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/ML/info.html">ÆüËܸì¥Ý¥¹¥È¥°¥ì¥¹¡¦¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È</A>¡¢
+ÏÂÌõ¤Î¤¤Ã¤«¤±¤òºî¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤¿ <A HREF="http://jf.linux.or.jp/">JF</A>(Linux Japanese FAQ Mailing List)¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¡¢
+¤½¤Î¾¡¢Ä¾Àܤ¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï´ÖÀÜŪ¤Ë¤«¤«¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¥½¡¼¥¹
+¥³¥ß¥å¥Ë¥Æ¥£¡¼¤Î³§¤µ¤ó¤Ë´¶¼Õ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+ ÆüËܸìÈǤΤ³¤Îʸ½ñ¤Ï
+ <A HREF="http://www.jp.postgresql.org/">http://www.jp.postgresql.org/</A>
+ <A HREF="http://www.rccm.co.jp/~juk/pgsql/">http://www.rccm.co.jp/~juk/pgsql/</A>
+ <A HREF="http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/">http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/</A>
+ <A HREF="http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/">http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/</A>
+¤«¤é¤â¤¿¤É¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+¤Ê¤ª¡¢¤³¤ÎÏÂÌõ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¤´°Õ¸«¤Ï(<A HREF="mailto:juk@jp.postgresql.org">juk@jp.postgresql.org</A>)¤Þ¤Ç¤ª´ó¤»²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P>
+<HR>
+<P>
+
+<H2><CENTER> °ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+
+<A HREF="#1.1">1.1</A>) PostgreSQL¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.2">1.2</A>) PostgreSQL¤ÎÃøºî¸¢¤Ï¤É¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.3">1.3</A>) PostgreSQL¤ÎÆ°ºî¤¹¤ëUnix¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¤Ï¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.4">1.4</A>) Unix°Ê³°¤Î°Ü¿¢ÈǤǻȤ¨¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.5">1.5</A>) PostgreSQL¤Ï¤É¤³¤«¤é¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.6">1.6</A>) ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï¤É¤³¤Ç¼õ¤±¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.7">1.7</A>) ºÇ¿·ÈǤϲ¿¤Ç¤¹¤«<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.8">1.8</A>) ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êʸ½ñ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.9">1.9</A>) ´ûÃΤΥХ°¤ä̵¤¤µ¡Ç½¤Ï¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¸«¤Ä¤±¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.10">1.10</A>) <font size=-1>SQL</font>¤Ï¤É¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð³Ø¤Ù¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.11">1.11</A>) PostgreSQL¤ÏÀ¾Îñ2000ǯÌäÂê(Y2K)¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.12">1.12</A>) ³«È¯¥Á¡¼¥à¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë»²²Ã¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.13">1.13</A>) ¥Ð¥°¥ì¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëȯ¿®¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#1.14">1.14</A>) ¾¤Î<font size=-1>DBMS</font>¤Î¤ÈÈæ¤Ù¤ÆPostgreSQL¤Ï¤É¤¦¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+
+
+<H2><CENTER>¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¡¦¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+
+<A HREF="#2.1">2.1</A>) PostgreSQL ¤Î <font size=-1>ODBC</font> ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¡¼¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#2.2">2.2</A>) PostgreSQL ¤ò Web ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ÈÏ¢·È¤µ¤»¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤ó¤Ê¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#2.3">2.3</A>) PostgreSQL ¤Ï¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥«¥ë¡¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+¥ê¥Ý¡¼¥È¥¸¥§¥Í¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ï¡© Ëä¤á¹þ¤ßÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¸À¸ì¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ï¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#2.4">2.4</A>) PostgreSQL ¤ÈÄÌ¿®¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤ó¤Ê¸À¸ì¤¬»È¤¨¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+
+
+<H2><CENTER>´ÉÍý¾å¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+
+<A HREF="#3.1">3.1</A>) ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð <I>/usr/local/pgsql</I> °Ê³°¤Î¾ì½ê¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.2">3.2</A>) postmaster ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤ë¤È¡¢
+<I>Bad System Call</I> ¤È¤«¥³¥¢¡¦¥À¥ó¥×¤·¤¿¤È¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.3">3.3</A>) <I>postmaster</I> ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
+<I>IpcMemoryCreate</I> ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.4">3.4</A>) <I>postmaster¤ò</I>Áö¤é¤»¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
+<I>IpcSemaphoreCreate</I> ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.5">3.5</A>) ¾¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¼«Ê¬¤ÎPostgreSQL¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤òËɤ°¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.6">3.6</A>) ¤Ê¤¼¡¢Â¾¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤«¤é¼«Ê¬¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ËÀܳ¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.7">3.7</A>) ¤è¤êÎɤ¤Àǽ¤òÆÀ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¡¦¥¨¥ó¥¸¥ó¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÄ´À°¤¹¤ì¤ÐÎɤ¤¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.8">3.8</A>) ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ç¥Ð¥°µ¡Ç½¤¬»È¤¨¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.9">3.9</A>) Àܳ¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ë <I>'Sorry, too many clients'</I> ¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#3.10">3.10</A>) ¼«Ê¬¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë <I>pg_sorttemp.XXX</I> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+
+
+<H2><CENTER>Áàºî¾å¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+
+<A HREF="#4.1">4.1</A>) ¤Ê¤¼¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¥«¥ó¥Þ¤ä¾®¿ôÅÀ¤äÆüÉÕ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Çº®Í𤹤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.2">4.2</A>) ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¡¦¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤ÈÄ̾ï¤Î¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤È¤Î¸·Ì©¤Ê°ã¤¤¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.3">4.3</A>) ºÇ½é¤Î¿ô¹Ô¤Î¤ß¤ò <font size=-1>select</font> ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.4">4.4</A>) ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ä¤½¤Î¾¤Î¾ðÊó¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò <I>psql</I> ¤Ç¸«¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.5">4.5</A>) ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤«¤é¤ÎÎó¤Îºï½ü¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.6">4.6</A>) ¹Ô¡¢¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¡¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ÎºÇÂ祵¥¤¥º¤Ï¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.7">4.7</A>) °ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥Æ¥¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤«¤é¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
+¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯ÍÆÎ̤ϤɤΤ¯¤é¤¤É¬ÍפǤ¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.8">4.8</A>) ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹Æâ¤ËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ä¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤±½Ð¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.9">4.9</A>) Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤¬ÃÙ¤¤¤¦¤¨¡¢¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ëÍͻҤ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.10">4.10</A>) Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¥ª¥Ö¥Æ¥£¥Þ¥¤¥¶¤¬¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤òɾ²Á¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò¸«¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.11">4.11</A>) R-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.12">4.12</A>) °äÅÁŪÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»ºÇŬ²½¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.13">4.13</A>) Àµµ¬É½¸½¤Ç¤Î¸¡º÷¤äÂçʸ»ú¤È¾®Ê¸»ú¤È¤ò¶èÊ̤·¤Ê¤¤Àµµ¬É½¸½¸¡º÷¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â¸½¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.14">4.14</A>) Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¡¢¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬ <font size=-1>NULL</font> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¸¡½Ð¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.15">4.15</A>) ¿§¡¹¤Êʸ»ú·¿¤Î¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.16.1">4.16.1</A>) ÄÌÈÖ(serial)¡¿¼«Æ°Áýʬ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ä¤¯¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.16.2">4.16.2</A>) <font size=-1>SERIAL</font>¥¤¥ó¥µ¡¼¥È¤ÎÃͤϤɤ¦¤¹¤ì¤ÐÆÀ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.16.3">4.16.3</A>) ¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤Î¶¥¹ç¾õÂÖ¤òÈò¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢<I>currval()</I> ¤È <I>nextval()</I> ¤Ï»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤Û¤¦¤¬¤è¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.17">4.17</A>) <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡© <font size=-1>TID</font> ¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.18">4.18</A>) PostgreSQL ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÍѸì¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.19">4.19</A>) ¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸ <I>"ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"</I>¤¬½Ð¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.20">4.20</A>) ¤É¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î PostgreSQL ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.21">4.21</A>) ¥é¡¼¥¸¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ÎÁàºî¤Ç¡¢<I>invalid large obj descriptor</I>¤È½Ð¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.22">4.22</A>) ¸½ºß¤Î»þ¹ï¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÎó¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ä¤¯¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.23">4.23</A>) ¤Ê¤¼¡¢<font size=-1>IN</font>¤ò»È¤¦ÉûÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤¬¤È¤Æ¤âÃÙ¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#4.24">4.24</A>) <i>³°Éô</i>·ë¹ç(<i>outer</i> join)¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â¸½¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«?<BR>
+
+<H2><CENTER>PostgreSQL¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+
+<A HREF="#5.1">5.1</A>) ¼«Ê¬¤Ç½ñ¤¤¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶ÄêµÁ´Ø¿ô¤ò psql ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¥³¥¢¡¦¥À¥ó¥×¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#5.2">5.2</A>) PostgreSQL ÍѤ˽ñ¤¤¤¿¿è¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤·¿¤ä´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢¤É¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð´ó£¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#5.3">5.3</A>) ¥¿¥×¥ë¤òÊÖ¤¹ C¸À¸ì¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<A HREF="#5.4">5.4</A>) ¥½¡¼¥¹¡¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ºÆ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Æ¤âÊѲ½¤¬¸«¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<H2><CENTER>°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="1.1">1.1</A>) PostgreSQL ¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+
+<P>PostgreSQL ¤Ï POSTGRES ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹´ÉÍý¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î²þÎÉÈǤǡ¢¼¡À¤Âå <font size=-1>DBMS</font> ¸¦µæÍѤΥץí¥È¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ç¤¹¡£PostgreSQL ¤Ï POSTGRES ¤Î¶¯ÎϤʥǡ¼¥¿¡¦¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ÈËÉ٤ʥǡ¼¥¿¡¦¥¿¥¤¥×(·¿)¤òÆâÊñ¤·¤Ä¤Ä¡¢POSTGRES ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤¿ PostQuel Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¸À¸ì¤ò¡¢³ÈÄ¥¤·¤¿ <font size=-1>SQL</font> ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥»¥Ã¥È¤ËÃÖ¤´¹¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£PostgreSQL ¤Ï̵ÎÁ¤Ç´°Á´¤Ê¥½¡¼¥¹¤òÍøÍѤǤ¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>PostgreSQL ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î³«È¯¤Ï¡¢PostgreSQL ³«È¯¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë»²²Ã¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¾å¤Î³«È¯¼Ô¥Á¡¼¥à¤Ç¹Ô¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¸½ºß¤ÎºÂĹ¤Ï Marc G. Fournier ( <A HREF="mailto:scrappy@PostgreSQL.org">scrappy@PostgreSQL.org</A> )¤Ç¤¹¡£(°Ê²¼¤Ë»²²Ã¤Î»ÅÊý¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£)¸½ºß¡¢¤³¤Î¥Á¡¼¥à¤¬ PostgreSQL³«È¯¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î ÌÌÅݤò¸«¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>PostgreSQL 1.01 ¤ÎÃø¼Ô¤Ï Andrew Yu ¤È Jolly Chen ¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£¤½¤Î¾ÂçÀª¤Î¿Í¡¹¤¬¤³¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤Î°Ü¿¢¡¢¥Æ¥¹¥È¡¢¥Ç¥Ð¥°¡¢¤ª¤è¤Ó¡¢²þÎɤ˹׸¥¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£PostgreSQL ¤ÎÇÉÀ¸¸µ¥³¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¢¤ë POSTGRES ¤Ï¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢Âç³Ø¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤¹»¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢ Michael Stonebraker ¶µ¼ø¤Î»Ø´ø¤Î¤â¤È¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î³ØÀ¸¡¢Â´¶ÈÀ¸¡¢¿¦¶È¥×¥í¥°¥é¥Þ¤¿¤Á¤ÎÅØÎϤˤè¤êºî¤é¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
+
+<P>¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¤³¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¤â¤È¤Î̾Á°¤Ï Postgres ¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£<FONT SIZE=-1>SQL</FONT> ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤¬Äɲ䵤줿 1995 ǯ¤Ë¤½¤Î̾Á°¤Ï Postgres95 ¤ËÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£1996 ǯ¤Î½ª¤ê¤Ë¤½¤Î̾Á°¤Ï PostgreSQL ¤ËÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
+
+<I>Post-Gres-Q-L.</I>(¥Ý¥¹¥È - ¥°¥ì¥¹ - ¥¥å¡¼ - ¥¨¥ë) ¤Èȯ²»¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="1.2">1.2</A>) PostgreSQL ¤ÎÃøºî¸¢¤Ï¤É¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤Ï²¼µ¤ÎÃøºî¸¢¤Ë½¾¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí¡§
+ ÀµÊ¸¤Ï±Ñ¸ì¤Ç¤¹¡£»²¹Í¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢Ìõʸ¤òÊ»µ·ÇºÜ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+<P>
+PostgreSQL Data Base Management System<P>
+
+Portions copyright (c) 1996-2000, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of California<P>
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written
+agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice
+and this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all
+copies.
+<P>
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY
+FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS
+DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF
+THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+<P>
+THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
+INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER
+IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO
+OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR
+MODIFICATIONS.
+<P>
+
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí¡§
+ POSTGRESQL ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹´ÉÍý¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à
+
+ ÉôʬÃøºî¸¢ (c) 1996-2001, PostgreSQL¹ñºÝ³«È¯¥Á¡¼¥à
+ ÉôʬÃøºî¸¢ (c) 1994-6 ¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢Âç³ØËܹ»
+
+ ¤³¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤È¤½¤Îʸ½ñ¤ò¡¢Ç¡²¿¤Ê¤ëÌÜŪ¤Ç¤â¡¢ÌµÎÁ¤Ç¡¢»ÈÍѵöÂú½ñ̵¤·¤Ë¡¢
+ »ÈÍÑ¡¢Ê£¼Ì¡¢½¤Àµ¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢ÇÛÉÛ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ø¤Îµö²Ä¤ò¡¢¾åµ¤ÎÃøºî¸¢É½¼¨¡¢¤³¤ÎÃÊ
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+<P>
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+
+<P>Ãø¼Ô¤é¤Ï PostgreSQL ¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤È¥Æ¥¹¥È¤ò¼¡¤Î¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¾å¤Ç¹Ô¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£(¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤Ë gcc ¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹)¡§
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+<h6>
+¥µ¡¼¥Ð</h6>
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+
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="1.5">1.5</A>) PostgreSQL ¤Ï¤É¤³¤«¤é¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤Î¸µ¤Î anonymous ftp ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç¤¹¡§
+
+<UL>
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+<P> ¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢²æ¡¹¤Î¥á¥¤¥ó Web ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
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+<small><PRE>
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+ °Ê²¼¤ÏÆüËܤΥߥ顼¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç¤¹:
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+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/postgresql/pub/">ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/postgresql/pub/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.ip-kyoto.ad.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.ip-kyoto.ad.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.crl.go.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.crl.go.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.saitama-u.ac.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.saitama-u.ac.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.astem.or.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.astem.or.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.exp.fujixerox.co.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.exp.fujixerox.co.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.jah.ne.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.jah.ne.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.etl.go.jp.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.etl.go.jp.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.asahi-net.or.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.asahi-net.or.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.so-net.ne.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.so-net.ne.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ Japan: <A HREF="ftp://ring.aist.go.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/">ftp://ring.aist.go.jp/pub/misc/db/postgresql/</A>
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="1.6">1.6</A>) ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï¤É¤³¤Ç¼õ¤±¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
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+
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+<P>
+
+IRC ¥Á¥ã¥ó¥Í¥ë¤â EFNet ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î¥Á¥ã¥ó¥Í¥ë¤Ï <I>#PostgreSQL</I> ¤Ç¤¹¡£
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+<small><PRE>
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+ JPUG ¤ÏÈó±ÄÍøÁÈ¿¥¤Ç¡¢PostgreSQL¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¿Íã¤ÎÁê¸ß¶¨ÎϤξì¤Ç¤¹¡£
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+ <A HREF="http://www.jp.postgresql.org/">http://www.jp.postgresql.org/</A>
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+ <A HREF="http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/ML/info.html">http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/ML/info.html</A>
+ ¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¤ò¡¢¤¤¤ï¤¤ê¤µ¤ó¤Îpgsql-jp ML¸¡º÷¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à
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+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+
+<P>¾¦ÍÑ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È²ñ¼Ò¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï<a href="http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html">http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/commercial-support.html</a>¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
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+<small><PRE>
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+ <A HREF="http://www.miraclelinux.co.jp/">¥ß¥é¥¯¥ë¡¦¥ê¥Ê¥Ã¥¯¥¹³ô¼°²ñ¼Ò</A> ¤Ç "Miracle Linux for PostgreSQL" ¤ÎÈÎÇä¤È¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬
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+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P>
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+<H4><A NAME="1.7">1.7</A>) ºÇ¿·ÈǤϲ¿¤Ç¤¹¤«</H4>
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+<P> PostgreSQL ¤ÎºÇ¿·ÈǤϥС¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 7.0.3 ¤Ç¤¹¡£
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+<H4><A NAME="1.8">1.8</A>) ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êʸ½ñ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+
+<P> ÇÛÉÕ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¡¢¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤È¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¡¦¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë(¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¡¦¥Ú¡¼¥¸)¤ª¤è¤Ó¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¾®¤µ¤Ê¥Æ¥¹¥ÈÎãÂ꤬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£<I>/doc</I> ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ç¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤ò¡¢<A
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+<P> PostgreSQL ¤ÎËܤ⤢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ <A
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+<small><PRE>
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+ ÆüËܥݥ¹¥È¥°¥ì¥¹¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼²ñ¤Î<A HREF="http://www.jp.postgresql.org/subcommittee/psqltrans/">PostgreSQL BookËÝÌõʬ²Ê²ñ</A>¤Ç¡¢
+ ËÝÌõºî¶È¤¬¿Ê¹ÔÃæ¡£
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+<P>
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+<P>
+<A HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html">
+http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html</A>
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+<P>
+ÁÇÀ²¤é¤·¤¤³Ø½¬½ñ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
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+http://w3.one.net/~jhoffman/sqltut.htm</A> ¤È
+<A HREF="http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM">
+http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM.</A><P>
+¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î¾¤Ë¡¢
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+¤½¤Î¾¤Ë¡¢<I>The Complete Reference SQL</I>, Groff et al., McGraw-Hill
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+ [ÌõÃí:
+ ÀаæãÉ×»á¤Ë¤è¤ëÆüËܸì¤Î»²¹Íʸ¸¥¤Î¾Ò²ð¥Ú¡¼¥¸
+ <A HREF="http://www.SRA.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/doc-jp/index.html">http://www.SRA.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/doc-jp/index.html</A>
+ ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
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+ <A HREF="http://www.shonan.ne.jp/~nkon/ipsql/books_SQL.html">http://www.shonan.ne.jp/~nkon/ipsql/books_SQL.html</A>
+ ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ ËÙÅÄÎѱѻá¤Î¡ÖPostgreSQLÆüËܸì¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¡×
+ <A HREF="http://www.net-newbie.com/">http://www.net-newbie.com/</A>
+ ¤Ç¤Ï¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤Î¸¡º÷¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ ´Ý»³ÉÔÆóÉ×»á¤ÎUNIX ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹ÆþÌç
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+ ¤Ï¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¤ÇÆɤळ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
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+</H4><P>
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+<LI>ODBC (odbc)
+<LI>Python (<A HREF="http://www.druid.net/pygresql/">PyGreSQL</A>)
+<LI>TCL (libpgtcl)
+<LI>C Easy API (libpgeasy)
+<LI>Ëä¤á¹þ¤ß<font size=-1>HTML</font> (<A HREF="http://www.php.net">PHP from http://www.php.net</A>)
+</UL>
+<P>
+
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí¡§
+ <A HREF="http://www.netlab.co.jp/ruby/jp/">ruby</A>¤Îºî¼Ô¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Þ¤Ä¤â¤È ¤æ¤¤Ò¤í(matz@ZetaBITS.COM)¤µ¤ó¤È¡¢¤Þ¤Ä¤â¤È ¤¨¤¤¤¸(ematsu@pfu.co.jp)¤µ¤ó¤¬
+ ruby ¤Î PostgreSQL ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¸½ºß¤Î°Ý»ý´ÉÍý¤ÏÀÆÆ£ ÅФµ¤ó¤¬¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ <A HREF="http://webclub.kcom.ne.jp/mb/noborus/ruby/">http://webclub.kcom.ne.jp/mb/noborus/ruby/</A>
+ PgBash ¤Ï ¶ÅÄ ²íÌÀ ¤µ¤ó¤¬ºî¤Ã¤¿ bash ¤Î PostgreSQL ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹¡£
+ <A HREF="http://www.psn.co.jp/PostgreSQL/pgbash/">http://www.psn.co.jp/PostgreSQL/pgbash/</A>
+ Bash¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Çpostgres ¤ËÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<H2><CENTER>´ÉÍý¾å¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="3.1">3.1</A>) ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð <I>/usr/local/pgsql</I> °Ê³°¤Î¾ì½ê¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©</H4>
+
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+
+<P>
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+
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+</H4>
+
+<P>¤â¤·¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬<I>IpcSemaphoreCreate: semget failed (No space left on device)</I>¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬½½Ê¬¤Ê¥»¥Þ¥Õ¥©¤ò»È¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£Postgres¤ÏÀøºßŪ¤Ê¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¥×¥í¥»¥¹Ëè¤Ë°ì¤Ä¤Î¥»¥Þ¥Õ¥©¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤È¤ê¤¢¤¨¤º¤Î²ò·èºö¤Ï<I>postmaster</I>¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ë¡¢¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¿ô¤ò¤è¤ê¾¯¤Ê¤¯À©¸Â¤ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£´ûÄêÃͤÎ32¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤Ê¿ô¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ò<I>-N</I>¤Ç»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤è¤ê¹±µ×Ū¤Ê²ò·èºö¤Ï¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î<font size=-1>SEMMNS</font> ¤È <font size=-1>SEMMNI</font> ¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤òÁý¤ä¤¹¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£
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+
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+</H4>
+
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+</H4>
+
+<P> ´ûÄê¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤Ï¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤«¤é¤Î unix ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¥½¥±¥Ã¥ÈÀܳ¤·¤«µö¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£TCP/IP Àܳ¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï postmaster ¤¬ <I>-i</I> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç³«»Ï¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢<I>pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf</I> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËŬÀڤʥۥ¹¥È¤ÎµºÜ¤¬Äɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
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+
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+
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+
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+
+<P>
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+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥Ð¥°¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë°ÕÌ£¤Î¤¢¤ë¡¢¾õÂÖ¾ðÊó¤òÊó¹ð¤¹¤ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Îµ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> ¤Þ¤º¡¢--enable-cassert ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç <I>configure</I> ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤¦¤·¤Æ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢Âô»³¤Î <I>assert()</I> ¤¬¡¢¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¤Î¿ÊĽ¾õ¶·¤ò´Æ»ë¤·¡¢²¿¤«Í½´ü¤»¤Ì¤³¤È¤¬µ¯¤¤ë¤È¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òÄä»ß¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
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+<P> <I>postmaster</I> ¤È <I>postgres</I> ¤ÎξÊý¤Ç¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥°¡¦¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÍøÍѤ¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤º¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë <I>postmaster</I> ¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ï¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤â¡¢É¸½à½ÐÎϤȥ¨¥é¡¼½ÐÎϤò¥í¥°¡¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÁ÷¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Î¤«¤á¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<PRE>
+ cd /usr/local/pgsql
+ ./bin/postmaster >server.log 2>&1 &
+</PRE>
+
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+
+<P>¤â¤·¡¢<i>postmaster</i>¤¬Áö¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢<I>postgres</I>¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¤ò¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¹Ô¤«¤éÁö¤é¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¡¢Ä¾ÀÜ<font size=-1>SQL</font>ʸ¤ò¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¤ä¤ê¤«¤¿¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥Ð¥°ÌÜŪ¤Î¤È¤<B>¤À¤±</B>¤ª¾©¤á¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¥»¥ß¥³¥í¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢²þ¹Ô¤¬Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Î½ª¤ê¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¤â¤·¡¢¥Ç¥Ð¥°¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤òÆþ¤ì¤Æ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥¬¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ²¿¤¬µ¯¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£postmaster ¤«¤é¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¤ò³«»Ï¤·¤¿¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÆÈΩ¤Ê´Ä¶¤ÇÁö¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¡¿¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¤È¤ÎÂÐÏäÎÌäÂ꤬½ÅÊ£¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+
+<P> ¤â¤·¡¢<i>postmaster</i>¤¬Áö¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤¢¤ë¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ç<I>psql</I>¤ò³«»Ï¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢<i>psql</i> ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë <i>postgres</i>¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î<font size=-1>PID</font>¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥¬¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ<i>postgres</i>¤Î<font size=-1>PID</font>¤Ë¥¢¥¿¥Ã¥Á(attach)¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥¬¤ÎÃ椫¤é¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¡¦¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¡¢<i>psql</i>¤«¤éÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤òȯ¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ç¥Ð¥°¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë<i>postgres</i>¤ò»ÏÆ°¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢PGOPTIONS="-W n" ¤òÀßÄê¤Ç¤¡¢¤½¤ì¤«¤é¡¢<i>psql</i> ¤ò³«»Ï¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢<i>n</i> Éó«»Ï¤òÃ٤餻¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥¬¤Ç¥¢¥¿¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Æ»ÏÆ°¤ò½ç¤òÄɤäƸ«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
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+
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+</H4>
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+ + 4 bytes: ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¾å¤Î¥¿¥Ã¥×¥ë¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿
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+ 48 bytes per row
+
+ 300000 data rows
+ -------------------- = 1755 database pages
+ 171 rows per page
+
+1755 database pages * 8192 bytes per page = 14,376,960 bytes (14MB)
+</PRE>
+
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+<H3><A NAME="4.11">4.11</A>) R-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©</H3>
+
+<P> R-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ï¶õ´ÖŪ¤Ê¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òÉÕ¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥å¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¤ÏÈϰϤθ¡º÷¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢B-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢£±¼¡¸µ¤Ç¤·¤«ÈϰϤθ¡º÷¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£R-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¿¼¡¸µ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò°·¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¤â¤· R-tree ¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò <I>point</I> ·¿¤Î°À¤ËÉÕ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¡¢¡ÖĹÊý·Á¤Ë°Ï¤Þ¤ì¤¿ÅÀ¤ò¤¹¤Ù¤ÆÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤ÊÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ë¡¢¤è¤ê¸úΨÎɤ¯Åú¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> R-Tree ¤ÎÀ߷פθ¶Åµ¤È¤Ê¤ë¸¢°Ò¤¢¤ëÏÀʸ¤Ï:
+
+<P> Guttman, A. "R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching."
+Proc of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt of Data, 45-57.
+
+<P> ¤³¤ÎÏÀʸ¤Ï¡¢Stonebraker ¶µ¼ø¤Î "Readings in Database Systems"
+¤Ç¤â¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí¡§
+ ÆàÎÉÀèüÂç¤ÎÀÐÀî²Â¼£¤µ¤ó¤è¤êR-Tree´Ø·¸¤Îʸ¸¥¤ò¾Ò²ð¤·¤Æĺ¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
+ ÆüËܸì Postgres ML ¤Î¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¤«¤é "Subject: [postgres95 801] spatial data structures"
+ <A HREF="http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/mhonarc/pgsql-jp/1996Oct/msg00007.html">http://www.sra.co.jp/people/t-ishii/PostgreSQL/mhonarc/pgsql-jp/1996Oct/msg00007.html</A>
+ ¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+<P> Áȹþ¤ß¤Î R-Tree ¤Ç¥Ý¥ê¥´¥ó¤ä¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òÁàºî¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ÍýÏÀŪ¤Ë¤ÏR-Tree ¤Ï¤â¤Ã¤È¹â¤¤¼¡¸µ¤òÁàºî¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤â³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¼Â¼ÁŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢R-Tree ¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤Ë¤Ï¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤È¤·¤¿ºî¶È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ·¤Æ¡¢¸½ºß¡¢²æ¡¹¤Ï¤½¤ì¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Îʸ½ñ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+
+<P>
+<small><PRE>
+ [ÌõÃí¡§
+ ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥¦¥£¥º¤ÎÊÒ²¬¤µ¤ó¤¬Â¿¼¡¸µ´ö²¿¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ø¤Î³ÈÄ¥ºî¶ÈÃæ¤Ç¤¹¡£¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢
+ <A HREF="http://www.interwiz.koganei.tokyo.jp/software/geometric/index.html">http://www.interwiz.koganei.tokyo.jp/software/geometric/index.html</A>
+ ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+ ]
+</PRE></small>
+
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.12">4.12</A>) °äÅÁŪÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»ºÇŬ²½¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> GEQO ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤Ï¡¢Âô»³¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò·ë¹ç¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ë¡¢°äÅÁŪ¥¢¥ë¥´¥ê¥º¥à(GA)¤ÇÌä¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¹â®²½¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¤·¤é¤ß¤Ä¤Ö¤·¤Ëõº÷¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤ï¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¡¢Â礤ʷë¹ç(join queries)¤ò°·¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.13">4.13</A>) Àµµ¬É½¸½¤Ç¤Î¸¡º÷¤äÂçʸ»ú¤È¾®Ê¸»ú¤È¤ò¶èÊ̤·¤Ê¤¤Àµµ¬É½¸½¸¡º÷¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â¸½¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P>
+<I>~</I>±é»»»Ò¤ÏÀµµ¬É½¸½¾È¹ç¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¤¡¢<I>~*</I> ¤ÏÂçʸ»ú¤È¾®Ê¸»ú¤ò¶èÊ̤·¤Ê¤¤(case-insensitive)Àµµ¬É½¸½¾È¹ç¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ PostgreSQL 7.1 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Âçʸ»ú¤È¾®Ê¸»ú¤ò¶èÊ̤·¤Ê¤¤ <font size=-1>LIKE</font> ±é»»»Ò¤ò <font size=-1>ILIKE</font> ¤È¤¤¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+
+<PRE>
+ WHERE lower(textfield) LIKE lower(pattern)
+</PRE>
+
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.14">4.14</A>) Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¡¢¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬ <font size=-1>NULL</font> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¸¡½Ð¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> <font size=-1>IS NULL</font>¤Î¥«¥é¥à¤ò IS NOT NULL ¤Ç»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.15">4.15</A>) ÍÍ¡¹¤Êʸ»ú·¿¤Î¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<PRE>
+Type Internal Name Notes
+--------------------------------------------------
+"char" char 1 character
+CHAR(#) bpchar »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¸ÇÄêĹ¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¶õÇò¤¬µÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤ë
+VARCHAR(#) varchar Ťµ¤Î¾å¸Â¤Î̵¤¤¥Æ¥¥¹¥È
+TEXT text Ťµ¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤ÏºÇÂç¹ÔŤˤè¤ë
+BYTEA bytea ²ÄÊÑĹ¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥ÈÇÛÎó
+</PRE>
+
+<P> ÆâÉô̾¤Ë¤ªÌܤˤ«¤«¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡¦¥«¥¿¥í¥°¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤È¤¤ä¡¢¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤È¤¤Ç¤¹¡£
+
+
+<P> ¾åµ¤Î·¿¤Î¤¦¤Á¸å¤Î£´¤Ä¤Î·¿¤Ï "varlena" ·¿¤Ç¤¹(¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î£´¥Ð¥¤¥È¤¬¥Ç¡¼¥¿Ä¹¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤Î¸å¤Ë¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬Â³¤¤Þ¤¹)¡£¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼ÂºÝ¤Î¶õ´Ö¤ÏÀë¸À¤µ¤ì¤¿Â礤µ¤è¤ê¤â¾¯¤·Â礤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿·¿¤Ï<font size=-1>TOAST</font>¤Ë¤è¤ê°µ½Ì¤µ¤ì¤¿¤êÊ£¿ô¹Ô¤ËÅϤäÆÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤ê¤·¤Æ¡¢¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¾å¤Î¶õ´Ö¤Ï»×¤Ã¤¿¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.16.1">4.16.1</A>) ÄÌÈÖ(serial)¡¿¼«Æ°Áýʬ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ä¤¯¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤Ï <font size=-1>SERIAL</font> ¥Ç¡¼¥¿·¿¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£Îó¾å¤ËÄÌÈ֤ȥ¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò¼«Æ°ºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
+
+<PRE>
+ CREATE TABLE person (
+ id SERIAL,
+ name TEXT
+ );
+</PRE>
+¤Ï¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËËÝÌõ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹:
+<PRE>
+ CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
+ CREATE TABLE person (
+ id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
+ name TEXT
+ );
+ CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );
+</PRE>
+ÄÌÈ֤ˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Î¤â¤Ã¤È¾Ü¤·¤¤¾ðÊó¤Ï¡¢¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤Ç <I>create_sequence</I> ¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+<P> ¤Þ¤¿¡¢³Æ¹Ô¤Î<I>OID</I>¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ò°ì°ÕÃͤȤ·¤Æ»È¤¦¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢¤â¤·¤â¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ò¥À¥ó¥×¤·¤Æ¤ê¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢<font size=-1>OID</font>¤ò²¹Â¸¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë<I>pg_dump</I> ¤Ç <I>-o</I>¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤«¡¢¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢<font size=-1>COPY WITH OIDS</I>¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+ Bruce Momjian ¤Î<A HREF="http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/aw_pgsql_book">(http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/aw_pgsql_book)¤Î Numbering Rows</A>¤Î¾Ï¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤¢¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+
+<H4><A NAME="4.16.2">4.16.2</A>) <font size=-1>SERIAL</font>¥¤¥ó¥µ¡¼¥È¤ÎÃͤϤɤ¦¤¹¤ì¤ÐÆÀ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4><P>
+
+ ¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï¡¢<I>nextval()</I> ´Ø¿ô¤ÇÁÞÆþ¤¹¤ë<I>Á°¤Ë(before)</I> SEQUENCE¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤«¤é¼¡¤Î<font size=-1>SERIAL</font>Ãͤò¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¡¢¤½¤ì¤«¤é¼ÂºÝ¤ËÁÞÆþ¤ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
+<A HREF="#4.16.1">4.16.1</A>¤ÎÎã¤Ç»È¤Ã¤¿¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
+
+<PRE>
+ $newSerialID = nextval('person_id_seq');
+ INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES ($newSerialID, 'Blaise Pascal');
+</PRE>
+
+¤½¤¦¤·¤Æ¡¢<tt>$newSerialID</tt> ¤ËÊݸ¤·¤¿¿·¤·¤¤Ãͤò¾¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ë(¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢<tt>person</tt> ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ËÂФ¹¤ë³°Éô¸°(foreign key)¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë)»È¤¦¤È¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¼«Æ°Åª¤Ëºî¤é¤ì¤¿<font size=-1>SEQUENCE</font>¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î̾Á°¤Ï¡¢<<I>table</I>>_<<I>serialcolumn</I>>_<I>seq</I> ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢¤³¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢<I>table</I> ¤È <I>serialcolumn</I> ¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î̾Á°¤È<font size=-1>SERIAL</font>Îó¤Î̾Á°¤Ç¤¹¡£
+<P>
+
+¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¡¢Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿<font size=-1>SERIAL</font>Ãͤò¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬´ûÄêÃͤȤ·¤ÆÁÞÆþ¤µ¤ì¤¿<I>¸å¤Ç(after)</I>¡¢ <I>currval</I>() ´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
+
+<PRE>
+ INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal');
+ $newID = currval('person_id_seq');
+</PRE>
+
+ºÇ¸å¤Ë¡¢<font size=-1>INSERT</font>ʸ¤«¤éÊÖ¤ë<A HREF="#4.17"><font size=-1>OID</font></A>¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢´ûÄêÃͤò¤ß¤Ä¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤ÏºÇ¤â°Ü¿¢À¤ÎÄ㤤¤ä¤êÊý¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£Perl¤ÎDBI¤Ç Edmund Mergl ¤Î DBD::Pg ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð¡¢$sth->execute() ¤Î¸å¤Ë $sth->{pg_oid_status} ¤ò·Ðͳ¤·¤Æ¤½¤Î OID Ãͤò»È¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.16.3">4.16.3</A>) ¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤Î¶¥¹ç¾õÂÖ¤òÈò¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢<I>currval()</I> ¤È <I>nextval()</I> ¤Ï»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤Û¤¦¤¬¤è¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©
+</H4><P>
+
+¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¤Ç½èÍý¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.17">4.17</A>) <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡© <font size=-1>TID</font> ¤È¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤È¤Ï°ì°Õ¤Î¹Ô ID ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë PostgreSQL ¤ÎÅú¤¨¤Ç¤¹¡£PostgreSQL ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¤Ä¤¯¤é¤ì¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¹Ô¤Ï°ì°Õ¤Î <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤òÆÀ¤Þ¤¹¡£<I>initdb</I> ¤Ç(<I>backend/access/transam.h</I> ¤«¤é)ȯÀ¸¤µ¤ì¤ë <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ 16384¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤ÊÃͤǤ¹¡£<I>initdb</I> ¸å¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î <font size=-1>OID</font> (¥æ¡¼¥¶ºîÀ®)¤Ï¤½¤ì°Ê¾å¤ÎÃͤˤʤê¤Þ¤¹¡£´ûÄê¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ëÆâ¤ä¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹Æâ¤Ëα¤Þ¤é¤º¡¢PostgreSQL ¤Î¤½¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥óÁ´ÂÎÆâ¤Ç°ì°Õ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> PostgreSQL ¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë´Ö¤Î¹Ô¤ò·ë¤Ó¤Ä¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¤½¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ëÆâ¤Ë <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤ÏÆÃÄê¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¹Ô¤ò¼±Ê̤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ä·ë¹ç¤ÎÃæ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£<font size=-1>OID</font> ¤ÎÃͤòÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï <I>OID</I> ·¿¤òÎó¤Ë»È¤¦¤³¤È¤ò¾©¤á¤Þ¤¹¡£¤è¤ê®¤¯¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë <I>OID</I> ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> O<font size=-1>ID</font> ¤Ï¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤«¤é»È¤ï¤ì¤ëÃæ±ûÎΰ褫¤é¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¿·¤·¤¤¹Ô¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£<font size=-1>OID</font> ¤ò¾¤Î²¿¤«¤ËÊѤ¨¤¿¤¤¡¢¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¸µ¤Î <font size=-1>OID</font> ¤Ç¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ê¤é¡¢¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤Íýͳ¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+
+<PRE>
+ CREATE TABLE new_table(old_oid oid, mycol int);
+ SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;
+ COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';
+ DELETE FROM new;
+ COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';
+<!--
+ CREATE TABLE new_table (mycol int);
+ INSERT INTO new_table (oid, mycol) SELECT oid, mycol FROM old_table;
+-->
+</PRE>
+
+<P> O<font size=-1>ID</font> ¤Ï¡¢4¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ÎÀ°¿ô¤È¤·¤ÆÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢40²¯¤ò±Û¤¨¤ë¤È°î¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£Ã¯¤â¤³¤ì¤¬µ¯¤¤¿¤ÈÊó¹ð¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ë¿Í¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢¤½¤¦¤Ê¤ëÁ°¤Ë¤³¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤ò¼è¤ê½ü¤¯¤³¤È¤ò·×²è¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P> T<font size=-1>ID</font> ¤ÏÆÃÄê¤ÎʪÍý¹Ô¤ò¤½¤Î¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤È¥ª¥Õ¥»¥Ã¥ÈÃͤǼ±Ê̤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£<font size=-1>TID</font> ¤Ï¹Ô¤¬½¤Àµ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤êºÆ¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤ë¤ÈÊѤï¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤ì¤é¤Î <font size=-1>TID</font> ¤Ï¡¢ÊªÍý¹Ô¤ò»Ø¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹µºÜ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.18">4.18</A>) PostgreSQL ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÍѸì¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤ä¸Å¤¤Ê¸½ñ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ÎÀìÌçʬÌî¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¤â¤Ã¤È°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ëÀìÌçÍѸ줬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<UL>
+<LI> ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë(table)¡¢´Ø·¸(relation)¡¢¥¯¥é¥¹(class)
+<LI> ¹Ô(row)¡¢¥ì¥³¡¼¥É(record)¡¢¥¿¥Ã¥×¥ë(tuple)
+<LI> Îó(column)¡¢¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É(field)¡¢Â°À(attribute)
+<LI> ¼èÆÀ(retrieve)¡¢ÁªÂò(select)
+<LI> ÃÖ´¹(replace)¡¢¹¹¿·(update)
+<LI> ÄɲÃ(append)¡¢ÁÞÆþ(insert)
+<LI> <font size=-1>OID</font>, Ï¢ÈÖ(serial value)
+<LI> ¥Ý¡¼¥¿¥ë(portal), ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë(cursor)
+<LI> ÎΰèÊÑ¿ô(range variable)¡¢¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë̾(table name)¡¢¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ëÊÌ̾(table alias)
+</UL>
+<P>°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹ÍѸì¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¡§<a
+href="http://www.comptechnews.com/~reaster/dbdesign.html">
+http://www.comptechnews.com/~reaster/dbdesign.html</a>
+¤Ç¸«¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.19">4.19</A>) ¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸ <I>"ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"</I>¤¬½Ð¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+<P>
+¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î²¾ÁÛ¥á¥â¥ê¡¼¤òÁ´¤Æ»È¤¤²Ì¤¿¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¡¢¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï
+¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ë¥ê¥½¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÄ㤤À©¸ÂÃͤò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<I>postmaster</I> ¤ò³«»Ï¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¤³¤ì¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡§
+
+<PRE>
+ ulimit -d 262144
+ limit datasize 256m
+</PRE>
+
+<P>
+¥·¥§¥ë¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤¬À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥»¥°¥á¥ó¥ÈÀ©¸Â¤ò¤è¤ê¹â¤¯ÀßÄꤷ¡¢¤¿¤Ö¤óÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤¬´°·ë¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¸½¹Ô¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤È¡¢¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÁö¤é¤»¤¿¸å¤Ëºî¤é¤ì¤ëÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆŬÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¤¬¤È¤Æ¤â¿¤¯¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë<font size=-1>SQL</font> ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ÇÌäÂ꤬³¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ò³«»Ï¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¤³¤ì¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="4.20">4.20</A>) ¤É¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î PostgreSQL ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR>
+</H4>
+<P>
+<I>psql</I> ¤«¤é <tt>select version();</tt> ¤ò¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<P>
+
+
+<H4><A NAME="4.21">4.21</A>) ¥é¡¼¥¸¡¦¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ÎÁàºî¤Ç<I>invalid large obj descriptor</I> ¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P>¥é¡¼¥¸¡¦¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥ÈÁàºî¤ò¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ï¡¢Á°¸å¤Ë<tt>BEGIN WORK</tt>¤È<tt>COMMIT</tt>¤òÉÕ¤±¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢<tt>lo_open</tt> ... <tt>lo_close</tt>¤ò¤Ï¤µ¤ß¹þ¤ß¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<P>¸½ºß¤Ï¡¢PostgreSQL¤Î¥È¥é¥ó¥¶¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥³¥ß¥Ã¥È»þ¤Ë¥é¡¼¥¸¡¦¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¡¦¥Ï¥ó¥É¥ë¤òÊĤ¸¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢<I>lo_open</I>¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬´°Î»¤·¤¿Ä¾¸å¤Ë¶¯À©Åª¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥ë¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢ºÇ½é¤Ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤Æ²¿¤«¤ò¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢<I>invalid large obj descriptor(¥é¡¼¥¸¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Îµ½Ò»Ò¤¬ÉÔÀµ)</I>¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤ì¤Ç¡¢¤â¤·¡¢¥È¥é¥ó¥¶¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤ò˺¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢¡Ê¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î»þ´Ö¡ËƯ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤¿¥³¡¼¥É¤¬¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò½Ð¤¹¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£
+
+<P>¤â¤·¡¢<font size=-1>ODBC</font>¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò¤ª»È¤¤¤Ê¤é¡¢<tt>auto-commit off</tt>¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+<P>
+
+
+<H4><A NAME="4.22">4.22</A>) ¸½ºß¤Î»þ¹ï¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÎó¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ä¤¯¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©<BR></H4>
+
+<P><i>now()</i>¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹:
+<PRE>
+ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT now() );
+</PRE>
+<P>
+
+
+<H4><A NAME="4.23">4.23</A>) ¤Ê¤¼¡¢<font size=-1>IN</font>¤ò»È¤¦ÉûÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤¬¤È¤Æ¤âÃÙ¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+<P>
+¸½ºß¡¢³°ÉôÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Î³Æ¹Ô¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÉûÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Î·ë²Ì¤ò½çÈ֤˥¹¥¥ã¥ó¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢ÉûÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò³°ÉôÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ë·ë¹ç¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ÅöÌ̤Ï<font size=-1>IN</font>¤ò<font size=-1>EXIST</font>S¤ÇÃÖ¤´¹¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡§
+<PRE>
+ SELECT *
+ FROM tab
+ WHERE col1 IN (SELECT col2 FROM TAB2)
+</PRE>
+¤ò¡¢ÃÖ¤´¹¤¨¤Æ¡§
+<PRE>
+ SELECT *
+ FROM tab
+ WHERE EXISTS (SELECT col2 FROM TAB2 WHERE col1 = col2)
+</PRE>
+¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+¤³¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤Ï¾Íè¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Çľ¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="4.24">4.24</A>) <i>³°Éô</i>·ë¹ç(<i>outer</i> join)¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â¸½¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«?<BR></H4>
+<P>
+PostgreSQL 7.1 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï<font size=-1>SQL</font>ɸ½à¹½Ê¸¤ò»È¤¦³°Éô·ë¹ç(¥¢¥¦¥¿¡¼¥¸¥ç¥¤¥ó)¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤³¤Ë¡¢ÎãÂ꤬2¤Ä¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<pre> SELECT *
+ FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);</pre>
+¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï
+<pre> SELECT *
+ FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);</pre>
+
+¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¾ÝħŪ¤ÊÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ç¤Ï t1.col ¤ò t2.col ¤È·ë¹ç¤·¤Æ¡¢t1 ¤Î
+·ë¹ç¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¹Ô(t2 ¤È°ìÃפ·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¹Ô)¤âÊÖ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£<font size=-1>RIGHT</font> ·ë¹ç¤Ï t2 ¤Î·ë¹ç¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¹Ô¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£<font size=-1>FULL</font> ·ë¹ç¤Ï¡¢°ìÃפ·¤¿¹Ô¤Ë t1 ¤È t2 ¤«¤é¤Ï·ë¹ç¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¹Ô¤òÊÖ¤¹¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£<font size=-1>OUTER</font> ¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍդϥª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç <font size=-1>LEFT</font>, <font size=-1>RIGHT</font>, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï <font size=-1>FULL</font> ¤Ê¤É¤Î·ë¹ç¤ò²¾Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
++These identical queries join t1.col to t2.col, and also return any unjoined
++rows in t1 (those with no match in t2). A <font size=-1>RIGHT</font> join
++would add unjoined rows of t2. A <font size=-1>FULL</font> join would return
++the matched rows plus all unjoined rows from t1 and t2. The word <font size=-1>OUTER</font>
++is optional and is assumed in <font size=-1>LEFT</font>, <font size=-1>RIGHT</font>,
++and <font size=-1>FULL</font> joins. Ordinary joins are called <font size=-1>INNER</font>
++joins.
+
+
+°ÊÁ°¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤Ï³°Éô·ë¹ç(outer join)¤ò<font size=-1>UNION</font> ¤È <font size=-1>NOT IN</font> ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥·¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢<i>tab1</i> ¤È <i>tab2</i> ¤ò·ë¹ç¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ÇÆó¤Ä¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò<i>³°Éô</i>·ë¹ç¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+<PRE>
+ SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2
+ FROM tab1, tab2
+ WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT tab1.col1, NULL
+ FROM tab1
+ WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2)
+ ORDER BY col1
+</PRE>
+
+
+<P>
+<HR>
+<H2><CENTER>PostgreSQL¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¼ÁÌä</CENTER></H2>
+<P>
+
+<H4><A NAME="5.1">5.1</A>) ¼«Ê¬¤Ç½ñ¤¤¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶ÄêµÁ´Ø¿ô¤ò psql ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¥³¥¢¡¦¥À¥ó¥×¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ÌäÂê¤Ï¿§¡¹¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤ººÇ½é¤Ë¡¢ºîÀ®¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶ÄêµÁ´Ø¿ô¤òñÆȤΥƥ¹¥È¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤·¤Æ»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="5.2">5.2</A>) PostgreSQL ÍѤ˽ñ¤¤¤¿¿è¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤·¿¤ä´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢¤É¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð´ó£¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ³§¤µ¤ó¤Î¹Ô¤Ê¤Ã¤¿³ÈÄ¥¤ò¡¢<I>pgsql-hackers</I> ¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¡¦¥ê¥¹¥È¤ËÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢¤æ¤¯¤æ¤¯¤Ï¤½¤¦¤·¤¿³ÈÄ¥¤¬ <I>contrib/</I> ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÃæ¤ËÆþ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
+
+<P>
+<H4><A NAME="5.3">5.3</A>) ¥¿¥×¥ë¤òÊÖ¤¹ C¸À¸ì¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ¸¶ÍýŪ¤Ë¤Ï²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ïµæ¶Ë¤Î̯µ»¤òÍפ·¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç¡¢Ãø¼Ô¤Î¤Þ¤ï¤ê¤Ç¤Ï̤¤Àï¤â¤ä¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+
+<P><H4><A NAME="5.4">5.4</A>) ¥½¡¼¥¹¡¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ºÆ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Æ¤âÊѲ½¤¬¸«¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©
+</H4>
+
+<P> ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î <I>Makefile</I> ¤¬¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¡¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤ÆŬÀڤʰ͸´Ø·¸¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£<I>make clean</I> ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤«¤é¤â¤¦°ìÅÙ <I>make</I> ¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤ï¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤â¤·¡¢<font size=-1>GCC</font> ¤ò¤ª»È¤¤¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð <i>configure</i> ¤Î <i>--enable-depend</i> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥é¤Ë°Í¸´Ø·¸¤ò¼«Æ°Åª¤ËÄ´¤Ù¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
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