58. makeindexk程序
作者：Pehong Chen，陈丕宏
并行qsort。
+59. 位图字体
+ FONT格式，Macintosh，1984
+ NFNT格式
+ CPI格式
+ FNT格式
+ FON格式
+ PSF格式
+ BDF格式
+ HBF格式
+60. TFM文件的结构。
+ 工具：tftopl，pltotf，作者：Leonidas Guibas
+ 语法：(KEYWORD VALUE)
+ 关键字：大写，旧时代风格
+ 中缀：R (real), O (octal), H (hexadecimal), D (decimal), C (character)
+ 全局声明：1. CHECKSUM，4-byte，校验
+ 2. DESIGNSIZE，0-2048，American printer's points
+ 3. DESIGNUNITS，正值
+ 4. CODINGSCHEME，废弃
+ 5. FAMILY，废弃
+ 6. FACE，废弃
+ 字体参数：1. SLANT
+ 2. SPACE
+ 3. STRETCH
+ 4. SHRINK
+ 5. XHEIGHT
+ 6. QUAD = em
+ 7. EXTRASPACE
+ 8. NUM1/DEFAULTRULETHICKNESS
+ 9. NUM2/BIGOPSPACING1
+ 10. NUM3/BIGOPSACING2
+ 11. DENOM1/BIGOPSPACING3
+ 12. DENOM2/BIGOPSPACING4
+ 13. SUP1/BIGOPSPACING45
+ 14. SUP2
+ 15. SUP3
+ 16. SUB1
+ 17. SUB2
+ 18. SUPDROP
+ 19. SUBDROP
+ 20. DELIM1
+ 21. DELIM2
+ 22. AXISHEIGHT
+ 缩距/合字：1. (LIGTABLE operations) 整体操作
+ 2. (LABEL glyph) 初始化字符
+ 3. (STOP) 结束
+ 4. (KRN C . R -.15)
+ 5. (LIG C f H 13)
+ 合字类型：1. /LIG/
+ 2. /LIG
+ 3. LIG/
+ 字体数据：1. CHARWD
+ 2. CHARHT
+ 3. CHARDP
+ 4. CHARIC
+ 5. NEXTLARGER
+61. JFM的扩展
+%@x [68] l.1068 - pTeX: we print GLUEKERN instead of LIGTABLE
+% begin left; out('LIGTABLE'); out_ln;@/
+%@y
+% begin left;
+% if file_format<>tfm_format then out('GLUEKERN') else out('LIGTABLE');
+% out_ln;@/
+%@z
+%@ list the |char_type| table in a similar way to the type table
+62. VF的处理
+63. PATGEN
+ 第一版：Frank~M. Liang
+ 第二版：Peter Breitenlohner
+64. 兼容性的讨论
+ No doubt there still is plenty of room for improvement, but the author
+ is firmly committed to keeping \TeX82 ``frozen'' from now on; stability
+ and reliability are to be its main virtues.
+65. 修改的讨论（不触及核心）
+ On the other hand, the \.{WEB} description can be extended without changing
+ the core of \TeX82 itself, and the program has been designed so that such
+ extensions are not extremely difficult to make.
+66. 名字与兼容系
+ If this program is changed, the resulting system should not be called
+ `\TeX'; the official name `\TeX' by itself is reserved
+ for software systems that are fully compatible with each other.
+67. 魔鬼测试
+ A special test suite called the ``\.{TRIP} test'' is available for
+ helping to determine whether a particular implementation deserves to be
+ known as `\TeX' [cf.~Stanford Computer Science report CS1027,
+ November 1984].
+68. TeX的全貌
+ @p @t\4@>@<Compiler directives@>@/
+ program TEX; {all file names are defined dynamically}
+ label @<Labels in the outer block@>@/
+ const @<Constants in the outer block@>@/
+ mtype @<Types in the outer block@>@/
+ var @<Global variables@>@/
+ @#
+ procedure initialize; {this procedure gets things started properly}
+ var @<Local variables for initialization@>@/
+ begin @<Initialize whatever \TeX\ might access@>@;
+ end;@#
+ @t\4@>@<Basic printing procedures@>@/
+ @t\4@>@<Error handling procedures@>@/
+69. 三个重要的标签
+ @d start_of_TEX=1 {go here when \TeX's variables are initialized}
+ @d end_of_TEX=9998 {go here to close files and terminate gracefully}
+ @d final_end=9999 {this label marks the ending of the program}
+70. 一大波常数正在接近
+ @<Constants...@>=
+ @!mem_max=30000; {greatest index in \TeX's internal |mem| array;
+ must be strictly less than |max_halfword|;
+ must be equal to |mem_top| in \.{INITEX}, otherwise |>=mem_top|}
+ @!mem_min=0; {smallest index in \TeX's internal |mem| array;
+ must be |min_halfword| or more;
+ must be equal to |mem_bot| in \.{INITEX}, otherwise |<=mem_bot|}
+ @!buf_size=500; {maximum number of characters simultaneously present in
+ current lines of open files and in control sequences between
+ \.{\\csname} and \.{\\endcsname}; must not exceed |max_halfword|}
+ @!error_line=72; {width of context lines on terminal error messages}
+ @!half_error_line=42; {width of first lines of contexts in terminal
+ error messages; should be between 30 and |error_line-15|}
+ @!max_print_line=79; {width of longest text lines output; should be at least 60}
+ @!stack_size=200; {maximum number of simultaneous input sources}
+ @!max_in_open=6; {maximum number of input files and error insertions that
+ can be going on simultaneously}
+ @!font_max=75; {maximum internal font number; must not exceed |max_quarterword|
+ and must be at most |font_base+256|}
+ @!font_mem_size=20000; {number of words of |font_info| for all fonts}
+ @!param_size=60; {maximum number of simultaneous macro parameters}
+ @!nest_size=40; {maximum number of semantic levels simultaneously active}
+ @!max_strings=3000; {maximum number of strings; must not exceed |max_halfword|}
+ @!string_vacancies=8000; {the minimum number of characters that should be
+ available for the user's control sequences and font names,
+ after \TeX's own error messages are stored}
+ @!pool_size=32000; {maximum number of characters in strings, including all
+ error messages and help texts, and the names of all fonts and
+ control sequences; must exceed |string_vacancies| by the total
+ length of \TeX's own strings, which is currently about 23000}
+ @!save_size=600; {space for saving values outside of current group; must be
+ at most |max_halfword|}
+ @!trie_size=8000; {space for hyphenation patterns; should be larger for
+ \.{INITEX} than it is in production versions of \TeX}
+ @!trie_op_size=500; {space for ``opcodes'' in the hyphenation patterns}
+ @!dvi_buf_size=800; {size of the output buffer; must be a multiple of 8}
+ @!file_name_size=40; {file names shouldn't be longer than this}
+ @!pool_name='TeXformats:TEX.POOL ';
+ {string of length |file_name_size|; tells where the string pool appears}
+ @.TeXformats@>
+71. 字符集
+ \TeX's internal code also defines the value of constants
+ that begin with a reverse apostrophe; and it provides an index to the
+ \.{\\catcode}, \.{\\mathcode}, \.{\\uccode}, \.{\\lccode}, and \.{\\delcode}
+ tables.
+72. 类型定义，这是PASCAL中的定义
+ @ Characters of text that have been converted to \TeX's internal form
+ are said to be of type |ASCII_code|, which is a subrange of the integers.
+
+ @<Types...@>=
+ @!ASCII_code=0..255; {eight-bit numbers}
+73. PoorMan's Chinese
+ However, other settings of |xchr| will make \TeX\ more friendly on
+ computers that have an extended character set, so that users can type things
+ like `\.^^Z' instead of `\.{\\ne}'. People with extended character sets can
+ assign codes arbitrarily, giving an |xchr| equivalent to whatever
+ characters the users of \TeX\ are allowed to have in their input files.
+74. 初始化之一
+ @<Set init...@>=
+ for i:=0 to @'37 do xchr[i]:=' ';
+ for i:=@'177 to @'377 do xchr[i]:=' ';
+75. 又是类型定义
+ @<Types...@>=
+ @!eight_bits=0..255; {unsigned one-byte quantity}
+ @!alpha_file=packed file of text_char; {files that contain textual data}
+ @!byte_file=packed file of eight_bits; {files that contain binary data}
+76. 类型
+ @<Types...@>=
+ @!pool_pointer = 0..pool_size; {for variables that point into |str_pool|}
+ @!str_number = 0..max_strings; {for variables that point into |str_start|}
+ @!packed_ASCII_code = 0..255; {elements of |str_pool| array}
+77. 三标志的由来
+ @ The first 128 strings will contain 95 standard ASCII characters, and the
+ other 33 characters will be printed in three-symbol form like `\.{\^\^A}'
+ unless a system-dependent change is made here. Installations that have
+ an extended character set, where for example |xchr[@'32]=@t\.{\'^^Z\'}@>|,
+ would like string @'32 to be the single character @'32 instead of the
+ three characters @'136, @'136, @'132 (\.{\^\^Z}). On the other hand,
+ even people with an extended character set will want to represent string
+ @'15 by \.{\^\^M}, since @'15 is |carriage_return|; the idea is to
+ produce visible strings instead of tabs or line-feeds or carriage-returns
+ or bell-rings or characters that are treated anomalously in text files.
+78. pool文件
+ @ When the \.{WEB} system program called \.{TANGLE} processes the \.{TEX.WEB}
+ description that you are now reading, it outputs the \PASCAL\ program
+ \.{TEX.PAS} and also a string pool file called \.{TEX.POOL}. The \.{INITEX}
+ @.WEB@>@.INITEX@>
+ program reads the latter file, where each string appears as a two-digit decimal
+ length followed by the string itself, and the information is recorded in
+ \TeX's string memory.
+
+ @<Glob...@>=
+ @!init @!pool_file:alpha_file; {the string-pool file output by \.{TANGLE}}
+ tini
+79. TeX中的DIG是个神奇的数组
+ @!dig : array[0..22] of 0..15; {digits in a number being output}
+80. print_ln是打印EOL的。
+81. print_char是用来输出字符的，ASCII
+82. slow_print是为了打印出特殊字符的
+83. print_nl是保证字符出现在新一行的
+84. print_esc是为了打印转义符的
+85. print_two是用来输出0到99之间的数字的
+86. print_hex是用来输出十六进制数的
+87. print_roman_int是个辅助函数
+88. Arithmetic with scaled dimensions.
+89. not a bug, it is a feature
+ (Actually there are three places where \TeX\ uses |div| with a possibly negative
+ numerator. These are harmless; see |div| in the index. Also if the user
+ sets the \.{\\time} or the \.{\\year} to a negative value, some diagnostic
+ information will involve negative-numerator division. The same remarks
+ apply for |mod| as well as for |div|.)
+90. CWEB注记
+ @ /@* 用来表示一个section
+ |int *pa| 用来表示行内的代码
+ @d 等同于#define
+ @f error normal 定义
+ @c @p 等同
+ @h 插入#define
+ @^system dependencies@> 索引
+91. sp
+ @ Physical sizes that a \TeX\ user specifies for portions of documents are
+ represented internally as scaled points. Thus, if we define an `sp' (scaled
+ @^sp@>
+ point) as a unit equal to $2^{-16}$ printer's points, every dimension
+ inside of \TeX\ is an integer number of sp. There are exactly
+ 4,736,286.72 sp per inch. Users are not allowed to specify dimensions
+ larger than $2^{30}-1$ sp, which is a distance of about 18.892 feet (5.7583
+ meters); two such quantities can be added without overflow on a 32-bit
+ computer.
+92. 数据结构入门
+ @* \[8] Packed data.
+ In order to make efficient use of storage space, \TeX\ bases its major data
+ structures on a |memory_word|, which contains either a (signed) integer,
+ possibly scaled, or a (signed) |glue_ratio|, or a small number of
+ fields that are one half or one quarter of the size used for storing
+ integers.
+93. 比较重要的glue_ratio
+ 需要仔细看一下：Fixed-point glue setting — an example of WEB
+ @ When \TeX\ ``packages'' a list into a box, it needs to calculate the
+ proportionality ratio by which the glue inside the box should stretch
+ or shrink. This calculation does not affect \TeX's decision making,
+ so the precise details of rounding, etc., in the glue calculation are not
+ of critical importance for the consistency of results on different computers.
+
+ We shall use the type |glue_ratio| for such proportionality ratios.
+ A glue ratio should take the same amount of memory as an
+ |integer| (usually 32 bits) if it is to blend smoothly with \TeX's
+ other data structures. Thus |glue_ratio| should be equivalent to
+ |short_real| in some implementations of \PASCAL. Alternatively,
+ it is possible to deal with glue ratios using nothing but fixed-point
+ arithmetic; see {\sl TUGboat \bf3},1 (March 1982), 10--27. (But the
+ routines cited there must be modified to allow negative glue ratios.)
+ @^system dependencies@>
+94. 内存耗尽
+ @ If memory is exhausted, it might mean that the user has forgotten
+ a right brace. We will define some procedures later that try to help
+ pinpoint the trouble.
+95. 是否需要加入方向属性？
+ @d is_char_node(#) == (#>=hi_mem_min)
+ {does the argument point to a |char_node|?}
+ @d font == type {the font code in a |char_node|}
+ @d character == subtype {the character code in a |char_node|}
+96. TeX82 Memory Structure
+97. new_param_glue 参数化glue
+ new_glue 匿名glue
+ new_skip_param 以上二者合体
+98. penalty控制断行分页
+ @ A |penalty_node| specifies the penalty associated with line or page
+ breaking, in its |penalty| field. This field is a fullword integer, but
+ the full range of integer values is not used: Any penalty |>=10000| is
+ treated as infinity, and no break will be allowed for such high values.
+ Similarly, any penalty |<=-10000| is treated as negative infinity, and a
+ break will be forced.
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