.\" -*- nroff -*-
-.TH CHATTR 1 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH CHATTR 1 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
chattr \- change file attributes on a Linux file system
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" -*- nroff -*-
-.TH LSATTR 1 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH LSATTR 1 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
lsattr \- list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
.\" Created Wed Mar 10 17:42:12 1999, Andreas Dilger
-.TH UUIDGEN 1 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH UUIDGEN 1 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
uuidgen \- command\-line utility to create a new UUID value
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
.\" Created Wed Sep 14 12:02:12 2001, Andreas Dilger
-.TH LIBBLKID 3 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH LIBBLKID 3 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
libblkid \- block device identification library
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" %End-Header%
.\"
.\" Created Wed Mar 10 17:42:12 1999, Andreas Dilger
-.TH UUID 3 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH UUID 3 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
uuid \- DCE compatible Universally Unique Identifier library
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" %End-Header%
.\"
.\" Created Wed Mar 10 17:42:12 1999, Andreas Dilger
-.TH UUID_CLEAR 3 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH UUID_CLEAR 3 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
uuid_clear \- reset value of UUID variable to the NULL value
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" %End-Header%
.\"
.\" Created Wed Mar 10 17:42:12 1999, Andreas Dilger
-.TH UUID_COMPARE 3 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH UUID_COMPARE 3 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
uuid_compare \- compare whether two UUIDs are the same
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" %End-Header%
.\"
.\" Created Wed Mar 10 17:42:12 1999, Andreas Dilger
-.TH UUID_COPY 3 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH UUID_COPY 3 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
uuid_copy \- copy a UUID value
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" %End-Header%
.\"
.\" Created Wed Mar 10 17:42:12 1999, Andreas Dilger
-.TH UUID_GENERATE 3 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH UUID_GENERATE 3 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
uuid_generate, uuid_generate_random, uuid_generate_time \- create a new unique UUID value
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" %End-Header%
.\"
.\" Created Wed Mar 10 17:42:12 1999, Andreas Dilger
-.TH UUID_IS_NULL 3 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH UUID_IS_NULL 3 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
uuid_is_null \- compare the value of the UUID to the NULL value
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" %End-Header%
.\"
.\" Created Wed Mar 10 17:42:12 1999, Andreas Dilger
-.TH UUID_PARSE 3 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH UUID_PARSE 3 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
uuid_parse \- convert an input UUID string into binary representation
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" %End-Header%
.\"
.\" Created Wed Mar 10 17:42:12 1999, Andreas Dilger
-.TH UUID_TIME 3 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH UUID_TIME 3 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
uuid_time \- extract the time at which the UUID was created
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" %End-Header%
.\"
.\" Created Wed Mar 10 17:42:12 1999, Andreas Dilger
-.TH UUID_UNPARSE 3 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH UUID_UNPARSE 3 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
uuid_unparse \- convert an UUID from binary representation to a string
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" Copyright 2006 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH e2fsck.conf 5 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH e2fsck.conf 5 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
e2fsck.conf \- Configuration file for e2fsck
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I broken_system_clock
The
.BR e2fsck (8)
-program has some hueristics that assume that the system clock is
+program has some heuristics that assume that the system clock is
correct. In addition, many system programs make similar assumptions.
For example, the UUID library depends on time not going backwards in
order for it to be able to make its guarantees about issuing universally
unique ID's. Systems with broken system clocks, are well, broken.
However, broken system clocks, particularly in embedded systems, do
-exist. E2fsck will attempt to use hueristics to determine if the time
-can no tbe trusted; and to skip time-based checks if this is true. If
+exist. E2fsck will attempt to use heuristics to determine if the time
+can not be trusted; and to skip time-based checks if this is true. If
this boolean is set to true, then e2fsck will always assume that the
system clock can not be trusted.
.TP
.\" Copyright 2006 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH mke2fs.conf 5 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH mke2fs.conf 5 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
mke2fs.conf \- Configuration file for mke2fs
.SH DESCRIPTION
"\et" (for the tab character), "\eb" (for the backspace character),
and "\e\e" (for the backslash character).
.P
+Some relations expect a boolean value. The parser is quite liberal on
+recognizing ``yes'', '`y'', ``true'', ``t'', ``1'', ``on'', etc. as a
+boolean true value, and ``no'', ``n'', ``false'', ``nil'', ``0'',
+``off'' as a boolean false value.
+.P
The following stanzas are used in the
.I mke2fs.conf
file. They will be described in more detail in future sections of this
document.
.TP
.I [defaults]
-Contains relations which define the default parameters
+Contains relations which define the default parameters
used by
.BR mke2fs (8).
In general, these defaults may be overridden by a definition in the
to
.BR mke2fs (8).
.TP
+.I enable_periodic_fsck
+This boolean relation specifies whether periodic filesystem checks should be
+enforced at boot time. If set to true, checks will be forced every
+180 days, or after a random number of mounts. These values may
+be changed later via the
+.B -i
+and
+.B -c
+command-line options to
+.BR tune2fs (8).
+.TP
.I force_undo
-This relation, if set to a boolean value of true, forces
+This boolean relation, if set to a value of true, forces
.B mke2fs
to always try to create an undo file, even if the undo file might be
huge and it might extend the time to create the filesystem image
specific section of the configuration file does not specify a default
inode size.
.TP
+.I reserved_ratio
+This relation specifies the default percentage of filesystem blocks
+reserved for the super-user, if the user does not
+specify one on the command line, and the filesystem-type
+specific section of the configuration file does not specify a default
+reserved ratio. This value can be a floating point number.
+.TP
.I undo_dir
This relation specifies the directory where the undo file should be
stored. It can be overridden via the
command-line option to
.BR mke2fs (8).
.TP
+.I auto_64-bit_support
+This relation is a boolean which specifies whether
+.BR mke2fs (8)
+should automatically add the 64bit feature if the number of blocks for
+the file system requires this feature to be enabled. The resize_inode
+feature is also automatically disabled since it doesn't support 64-bit
+block numbers.
+.TP
+.I default_mntopts
+This relation specifies the set of mount options which should be enabled
+by default. These may be changed at a later time with the
+.B -o
+command-line option to
+.BR tune2fs (8).
+.TP
.I blocksize
This relation specifies the default blocksize if the user does not
specify a blocksize on the command line.
.TP
.I lazy_itable_init
-This relation is a boolean which specifies whether the inode table should
+This boolean relation specifies whether the inode table should
be lazily initialized. It only has meaning if the uninit_bg feature is
enabled. If lazy_itable_init is true and the uninit_bg feature is
enabled, the inode table will
This relation specifies the default inode size if the user does not
specify one on the command line.
.TP
+.I reserved_ratio
+This relation specifies the default percentage of filesystem blocks
+reserved for the super-user, if the user does not specify one on the command
+line.
+.TP
.I hash_alg
This relation specifies the default hash algorithm used for the
new filesystems with hashed b-tree directories. Valid algorithms
.IR tea .
.TP
.I flex_bg_size
-This relation specifies the number of block goups that will be packed
+This relation specifies the number of block groups that will be packed
together to create one large virtual block group on an ext4 filesystem.
This improves meta-data locality and performance on meta-data heavy
-workloads. The number of goups must be a power of 2 and may only be
+workloads. The number of groups must be a power of 2 and may only be
specified if the flex_bg filesystem feature is enabled.
.I options
This relation specifies additional extended options which should be
on a per-filesystem type basis.
.TP
.I discard
-This relation is a boolean which specifies whether the
+This boolean relation specifies whether the
.BR mke2fs (8)
should attempt to discard device prior to filesystem creation.
+.TP
+.I cluster_size
+This relation specifies the default cluster size if the bigalloc file
+system feature is enabled. It can be overridden via the
+.B \-C
+command line option to
+.BR mke2fs (8)
+.SH THE [devices] STANZA
+Each tag in the
+.I [devices]
+stanza names device name so that per-device defaults can be specified.
+.TP
+.I fs_type
+This relation specifies the default parameter for the
+.B \-t
+option, if this option isn't specified on the command line.
+.TP
+.I usage_types
+This relation specifies the default parameter for the
+.B \-T
+option, if this option isn't specified on the command line.
.SH FILES
.TP
.I /etc/mke2fs.conf
.\" -*- nroff -*-
-.TH BADBLOCKS 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH BADBLOCKS 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
badblocks \- search a device for bad blocks
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B badblocks
[
-.B \-svwnf
+.B \-svwnfBX
]
[
.B \-b
before proceeding to the next pattern.
.TP
.B \-v
-Verbose mode.
+Verbose mode. Will write the number of read errors, write errors and data-
+corruptions to stderr.
.TP
.B \-w
Use write-mode test. With this option,
.B \-n
option, as they are mutually exclusive.
.TP
+.B \-B
+Use buffered I/O and do not use Direct I/O, even if it is available.
+.TP
.B \-X
Internal flag only to be used by
.BR e2fsck (8)
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
.\" Based on uuidgen, Mon Sep 17 10:42:12 2000, Andreas Dilger
-.TH BLKID 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH BLKID 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
blkid \- command\-line utility to locate/print block device attributes
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH DEBUGFS 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH DEBUGFS 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
debugfs \- ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B debugfs
supports.
.TP
+.I blocks filespace
+Print the blocks used by the inode
+.I filespec
+to stdout.
+.TP
.I bmap filespec logical_block
Print the physical block number corresponding to the logical block number
.I logical_block
Clear the contents of the inode
.IR file .
.TP
+.I dirsearch filespec filename
+Search the directory
+.I filespec
+for
+.IR filename .
+.TP
.I dump [-p] filespec out_file
Dump the contents of the inode
.I filespec
to match
.IR filespec .
.TP
+.I dump_mmp
+Display the multiple-mount protection (mmp) field values.
+.TP
+.I dx_hash [-h hash_alg] [-s hash_seed] filename
+Calculate the directory hash of
+.IR filename .
+The hash algorithm specified with
+.I -h
+may be "legacy" "half_md4" or "tea".
+The hash seed specified with
+.I -s
+must be in UUID format.
+.TP
.I dump_extents [-n] [-l] filespec
Dump the the extent tree of the inode
.IR filespec .
.IP
(Please note that the length and range of blocks for the last extent in
an interior node is an estimate by the extents library functions, and is
-not stored in file esystem data structures. Hence, the values displayed
+not stored in filesystem data structures. Hence, the values displayed
may not necessarily by accurate and does not indicate a problem or
corruption in the file system.)
.TP
or clearing any filesystem features that were requested, print the current
state of the filesystem feature set.
.TP
+.I filefrag [-dvr] filespec
+Print the number of contiguous extents in
+.IR filespec .
+If
+.I filespec
+is a directory and the
+.I -d
+option is not specified,
+.I filefrag
+will print the number of contiguous extents for each file in
+the directory. The
+.I -v
+option will cause
+.I filefrag
+print a tabular listing of the contiguous extents in the
+file. The
+.I -r
+option will cause
+.I filefrag
+to do a recursive listing of the directory.
+.TP
.I find_free_block [count [goal]]
Find the first
.I count
.I block
will be marked as not allocated.
.TP
+.I freefrag [-c chunk_kb ]
+Report free space fragmentation on the currently open file system.
+If the
+.I \-c
+option is specified then the filefrag command will print how many free
+chunks of size
+.I chunk_kb
+can be found in the file system. The chunk size must be a power of two
+and be larger than the file system block size.
+.TP
.I freei filespec
Free the inode specified by
.IR filespec .
Print a list of commands understood by
.BR debugfs .
.TP
+.I htree_dump filespec
+Dump the hash-indexed directory
+.IR filespec ,
+showing its tree structure.
+.TP
.I icheck block ...
Print a listing of the inodes which use the one or more blocks specified
on the command line.
.I minor
device numbers must be specified.
.TP
-.I ncheck inode_num ...
+.I ncheck [-c] inode_num ...
Take the requested list of inode numbers, and print a listing of pathnames
-to those inodes.
+to those inodes. The
+.I -c
+flag will enable checking the file type information in the directory
+entry to make sure it matches the inode's type.
.TP
.I open [-w] [-e] [-f] [-i] [-c] [-D] [-b blocksize] [-s superblock] device
Open a filesystem for editing. The
options behave the same as the command-line options to
.BR debugfs .
.TP
+.I punch filespec start_blk [end_blk]
+Delete the blocks in the inode ranging from
+.I start_blk
+to
+.IR end_blk .
+If
+.I end_blk
+is omitted then this command will function as a truncate command; that
+is, all of the blocks starting at
+.I start_blk
+through to the end of the file will be deallocated.
+.TP
.I pwd
Print the current working directory.
.TP
can be displayed by using the command:
.B set_inode_field -l
.TP
+.I set_mmp_value field value
+Modify the multiple-mount protection (mmp) data so that the
+mmp field
+.I field
+has value
+.I value.
+The list of valid mmp fields which can be set via this command
+can be displayed by using the command:
+.B set_mmp_value -l
+.TP
.I set_super_value field value
Set the superblock field
.I field
.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH DUMPE2FS 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH DUMPE2FS 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
dumpe2fs \- dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information
.SH SYNOPSIS
present on
.I device.
.PP
-.B dumpe2fs
-is similar to Berkeley's
-.B dumpfs
-program for the BSD Fast File System.
+.B Note:
+When used with a mounted filesystem, the printed
+information may be old or inconsistent.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-b
.\" -*- nroff -*-
-.TH E2FREEFRAG 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH E2FREEFRAG 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
e2freefrag \- report free space fragmentation information
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH E2FSCK 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH E2FSCK 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
e2fsck \- check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
.SH SYNOPSIS
.BI fragcheck
During pass 1, print a detailed report of any discontiguous blocks for
files in the filesystem.
+.TP
+.BI discard
+Attempt to discard free blocks and unused inode blocks after the full
+filesystem check (discarding blocks is useful on solid state devices and sparse
+/ thin-provisioned storage). Note that discard is done in pass 5 AFTER the
+filesystem has been fully checked and only if it does not contain recognizable
+errors. However there might be cases where
+.B e2fsck
+does not fully recognise a problem and hence in this case this
+option may prevent you from further manual data recovery.
+.TP
+.BI nodiscard
+Do not attempt to discard free blocks and unused inode blocks. This option is
+exactly the opposite of discard option. This is set as default.
.RE
.TP
.B \-f
.\" Copyright 2001 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH E2IMAGE 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH E2IMAGE 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
e2image \- Save critical ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem metadata to a file
.SH SYNOPSIS
(Note that this is currently only supported when
creating a raw image file using the
.B \-r
-option, since the process of creating a normal image file currently
+option, since the process of creating a normal image file, or QCOW2
+image currently
requires random access to the file, which cannot be done using a
pipe. This restriction will hopefully be lifted in a future version of
.BR e2image .)
.PP
To save disk space,
.B e2image
-creates the image file as a sparse file.
-Hence, if the image file
+creates the image file as a sparse file, or in QCOW2 format.
+Hence, if the sparse image file
needs to be copied to another location, it should
either be compressed first or copied using the
.B \-\-sparse=always
option to the GNU version of
-.BR cp .
+.BR cp .
+This does not apply to the QCOW2 image, which is not sparse.
.PP
The size of an ext2 image file depends primarily on the size of the
filesystems and how many inodes are in use. For a typical 10 gigabyte
option will prevent analysis of problems related to hash-tree indexed
directories.
.PP
+Note that this will work even if you substitute "/dev/hda1" for another raw
+disk image, or QCOW2 image previously created by
+.BR e2image .
+.PP
+.SH QCOW2 IMAGE FILES
+The
+.B \-Q
+option will create a QCOW2 image file instead of a normal, or raw image file.
+A QCOW2 image contains all the information the raw image does, however unlike
+the raw image it is not sparse. The QCOW2 image minimize the amount of disk
+space by storing data in special format with pack data closely together, hence
+avoiding holes while still minimizing size.
+.PP
+In order to send filesystem to the maintainer as a part of bug report to
+e2fsprogs, use following commands (replace hda1 with the appropriate device):
+.PP
+.br
+\ \fBe2image \-Q /dev/hda1 hda1.qcow2\fR
+.br
+\ \fBbzip2 -z hda1.qcow2\fR
+.PP
+This will only send the metadata information, without any data blocks.
+However, the filenames in the directory blocks can still reveal
+information about the contents of the filesystem that the bug reporter
+may wish to keep confidential. To address this concern, the
+.B \-s
+option can be specified. This will cause
+.B e2image
+to scramble directory entries and zero out any unused portions
+of the directory blocks before writing the image file. However, the
+.B \-s
+option will prevent analysis of problems related to hash-tree indexed
+directories.
+.PP
+Note that QCOW2 image created by
+.B e2image
+is regular QCOW2 image and can be processed by tools aware of QCOW2 format
+such as for example
+.BR qemu-img .
+.PP
.SH AUTHOR
.B e2image
was written by Theodore Ts'o (tytso@mit.edu).
.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH E2LABEL 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH E2LABEL 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
e2label \- Change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" Copyright 2008 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH E2UNDO 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH E2UNDO 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
e2undo \- Replay an undo log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
.SH SYNOPSIS
--- /dev/null
+.TH E4DEFRAG 8 "May 2009" "e4defrag version 2.0"
+.SH NAME
+e4defrag \- online defragmenter for ext4 filesystem
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B e4defrag
+[
+.B \-c
+]
+[
+.B \-v
+]
+.I target
+\&...
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B e4defrag
+reduces fragmentation of extent based file. The file targeted by
+.B e4defrag
+is created on ext4 filesystem made with "-O extent" option (see
+.BR mke2fs (8)).
+The targeted file gets more contiguous blocks and improves the file access
+speed.
+.PP
+.I target
+is a regular file, a directory, or a device that is mounted as ext4 filesystem.
+If
+.I target
+is a directory,
+.B e4defrag
+reduces fragmentation of all files in it. If
+.I target
+is a device,
+.B e4defrag
+gets the mount point of it and reduces fragmentation of all files in this mount
+point.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-c
+Get a current fragmentation count and an ideal fragmentation count, and
+calculate fragmentation score based on them. By seeing this score, we can
+determine whether we should execute
+.B e4defrag
+to
+.IR target .
+When used with
+.B \-v
+option, the current fragmentation count and the ideal fragmentation count are
+printed for each file.
+.IP
+Also this option outputs the average data size in one extent. If you see it,
+you'll find the file has ideal extents or not. Note that the maximum extent
+size is 131072KB in ext4 filesystem (if block size is 4KB).
+.IP
+If this option is specified,
+.I target
+is never defragmented.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+Print error messages and the fragmentation count before and after defrag for
+each file.
+.SH NOTES
+.B e4defrag
+does not support swap file, files in lost+found directory, and files allocated
+in indirect blocks. When
+.I target
+is a device or a mount point,
+.B e4defrag
+doesn't defragment files in mount point of other device.
+.PP
+Non-privileged users can execute
+.B e4defrag
+to their own file, but the score is not printed if
+.B \-c
+option is specified. Therefore, it is desirable to be executed by root user.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Written by Akira Fujita <a-fujita@rs.jp.nec.com> and Takashi Sato
+<t-sato@yk.jp.nec.com>.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR mke2fs (8),
+.BR mount (8).
+
.\" -*- nroff -*-
-.TH FILEFRAG 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH FILEFRAG 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
filefrag \- report on file fragmentation
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH FINDFS 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH FINDFS 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
findfs \- Find a filesystem by label or UUID
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH FSCK 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH FSCK 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
fsck \- check and repair a Linux file system
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" Copyright 2003 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH LOGSAVE 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH LOGSAVE 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
logsave \- save the output of a command in a logfile
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH MKE2FS 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH MKE2FS 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
mke2fs \- create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
.SH SYNOPSIS
following extended options are supported:
.RS 1.2i
.TP
+.BI mmp_update_interval= interval
+Adjust the initial MMP update interval to
+.I interval
+seconds. Specifying an
+.I interval
+of 0 means to use the default interval. The specified interval must
+be less than 300 seconds. Requires that the
+.B mmp
+feature be enabled.
+.TP
.BI stride= stride-size
Configure the filesystem for a RAID array with
.I stride-size
time to avoid placing them on a single disk, which can hurt performance.
It may also be used by the block allocator.
.TP
-.BI stripe-width= stripe-width
+.BI stripe_width= stripe-width
Configure the filesystem for a RAID array with
.I stripe-width
filesystem blocks per stripe. This is typically stride-size * N, where
initialization noticeably, but it requires the kernel to finish
initializing the filesystem in the background when the filesystem is
first mounted. If the option value is omitted, it defaults to 1 to
-enable lazy inode table initialization.
+enable lazy inode table zeroing.
+.TP
+.B lazy_journal_init\fR[\fB= \fI<0 to disable, 1 to enable>\fR]
+If enabled, the journal inode will not be fully zeroed out by
+.BR mke2fs .
+This speeds up filesystem initialization noticeably, but carries some
+small risk if the system crashes before the journal has been overwritten
+entirely one time. If the option value is omitted, it defaults to 1 to
+enable lazy journal inode zeroing.
.TP
.B test_fs
Set a flag in the filesystem superblock indicating that it may be
as default.
.TP
.BI nodiscard
-Do not attempt to discard blocks at mkfs time. This is the default.
+Do not attempt to discard blocks at mkfs time.
+.TP
+.BI quotatype
+Specify which quota type ('usr' or 'grp') is to be initialized. This
+option has any effect only if
+.B quota
+feature is set. Without this extended option, the default behavior is to
+initialize both user and group quotas.
.RE
.TP
.BI \-f " fragment-size"
megabytes.
The size of the journal must be at least 1024 filesystem blocks
(i.e., 1MB if using 1k blocks, 4MB if using 4k blocks, etc.)
-and may be no more than 102,400 filesystem blocks.
+and may be no more than 10,240,000 filesystem blocks or half the total
+file system size (whichever is smaller)
.TP
.BI device= external-journal
Attach the filesystem to the journal block device located on
Filesystem can contain files that are greater than 2GB. (Modern kernels
set this feature automatically when a file > 2GB is created.)
.TP
+.B quota
+Create quota inodes (inode# 3 for userquota and inode# 4 for group quota) and
+set them in the superblock. With this feature, the quotas will be enabled
+automatically when the filesystem is mounted.
+.TP
.B resize_inode
Reserve space so the block group descriptor table may grow in the future.
Useful for online resizing using
should be set in the newly created filesystem, the
resulting filesystem may not be supported by the requested
.IR fs-type .
-(e.g., "\fBmke2fs \-t ext3 \-O extents /dev/sdXX\fR" will create a
+(e.g., "\fBmke2fs \-t ext3 \-O extent /dev/sdXX\fR" will create a
filesystem that is not supported by the ext3 implementation as found in
the Linux kernel; and "\fBmke2fs \-t ext3 \-O ^has_journal /dev/hdXX\fR"
will create a filesystem that does not have a journal and hence will not
If the filesystem size is greater than 3 but less than or equal to
512 megabytes,
.BR mke2fs (8)
-will use the filesystem
+will use the filesystem type
.IR small .
+If the filesystem size is greater than or equal to 4 terabytes but less than
+16 terabytes,
+.BR mke2fs (8)
+will use the filesystem type
+.IR big .
+If the filesystem size is greater than or equal to 16 terabytes,
+.BR mke2fs (8)
+will use the filesystem type
+.IR huge .
Otherwise,
.BR mke2fs (8)
will use the default filesystem type
Print the version number of
.B mke2fs
and exit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.TP
+.BI MKE2FS_SYNC
+If set to non-zero integer value, its value is used to determine how often
+.BR sync (2)
+is called during inode table initialization.
+.TP
+.BI MKE2FS_CONFIG
+Determines the location of the configuration file (see
+.BR mke2fs.conf (5)).
+.TP
+.BI MKE2FS_FIRST_META_BG
+If set to non-zero integer value, its value is used to determine first meta
+block group. This is mostly for debugging purposes.
+.TP
+.BI MKE2FS_DEVICE_SECTSIZE
+If set to non-zero integer value, its value is used to determine physical
+sector size of the
+.IR device .
+.TP
+.BI MKE2FS_SKIP_CHECK_MSG
+If set, do not show the message of filesystem automatic check caused by
+mount count or check interval.
.SH AUTHOR
This version of
.B mke2fs
.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH MKLOST+FOUND 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH MKLOST+FOUND 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
mklost+found \- create a lost+found directory on a mounted Linux
second extended file system
.\" -*- nroff -*-
.\" Copyright 1997 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\"
-.\" .TH RESIZE2FS 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
-.TH RESIZE2FS 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.\" .TH RESIZE2FS 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
+.TH RESIZE2FS 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
resize2fs \- ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\" Initial revision
.\"
.\"
-.TH TUNE2FS 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH TUNE2FS 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
tune2fs \- adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems
.SH SYNOPSIS
.RI [^] feature [,...]
]
[
+.B \-Q
+.I quota-options
+]
+[
+[
.B \-T
.I time-last-checked
]
The following extended options are supported:
.RS 1.2i
.TP
+.B clear_mmp
+Reset the MMP block (if any) back to the clean state. Use only if
+absolutely certain the device is not currently mounted or being
+fscked, or major filesystem corruption can result. Needs '-f'.
+.TP
+.BI mmp_update_interval= interval
+Adjust the initial MMP update interval to
+.I interval
+seconds. Specifying an
+.I interval
+of 0 means to use the default interval. The specified interval must
+be less than 300 seconds. Requires that the
+.B mmp
+feature be enabled.
+.TP
.BI stride= stride-size
Configure the filesystem for a RAID array with
.I stride-size
.B dir_index
Use hashed b-trees to speed up lookups in large directories.
.TP
+.B dir_nlink
+Allow more than 65000 subdirectories per directory.
+.TP
.B filetype
Store file type information in directory entries.
.TP
.B Tune2fs
only supports clearing this filesystem feature.
.TP
+.B mmp
+Enable or disable multiple mount protection (MMP) feature. MMP helps to
+protect the filesystem from being multiply mounted and is useful in
+shared storage environments.
+.TP
.B sparse_super
Limit the number of backup superblocks to save space on large filesystems.
.TP
.BR flex_bg
features are only supported by the ext4 filesystem.
.TP
+.BI \-p " mmp_check_interval"
+Set the desired MMP check interval in seconds. It is 5 seconds by default.
+.TP
.BI \-r " reserved-blocks-count"
Set the number of reserved filesystem blocks.
.TP
+.BI \-Q " quota-options"
+Sets 'quota' feature on the superblock and works on the quota files for the
+given quota type. Quota options could be one or more of the following:
+.RS 1.2i
+.TP
+.BR [^]usrquota
+Sets/clears user quota inode in the superblock.
+.BR [^]usrquota
+Sets/clears group quota inode in the superblock.
+.TP
.BI \-T " time-last-checked"
Set the time the filesystem was last checked using
.BR e2fsck .
.\" Copyright 2007 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
.\"
-.TH UUIDD 8 "December 2010" "E2fsprogs version 1.41.14"
+.TH UUIDD 8 "February 2012" "E2fsprogs version 1.42.1"
.SH NAME
uuidd \- UUID generation daemon
.SH SYNOPSIS
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:chattr:1:2006/12/28:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:1998/03/30:compile_et:1:2000/04/13::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:lsattr:1:2004/05/01:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:0000/00/00:mk_cmds:1:2004/03/12::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:uuidgen:1:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:1998/11/22:com_err:3:2000/04/13::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:libblkid:3:2004/03/12::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:uuid:3:2002/10/12::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:uuid_clear:3:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:uuid_compare:3:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:uuid_copy:3:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:uuid_generate:3:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:uuid_is_null:3:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:uuid_parse:3:2005/06/04::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:uuid_time:3:2005/06/04::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:uuid_unparse:3:2005/06/04::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-●:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:e2fsck.conf:5:2008/11/01::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-×:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:mke2fs.conf:5:::::
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:badblocks:8:2005/06/04:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:blkid:8:2006/01/14::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:debugfs:8:2006/12/28:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:dumpe2fs:8:2004/05/01:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-×:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:e2freefrag:8:::::
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:e2fsck:8:2006/12/28::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:e2image:8:2006/01/14::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:e2label:8:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
-×:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:e2undo:8:::::
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:filefrag:8:2004/05/01::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:findfs:8:2002/10/12::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:fsck:8:2005/06/04:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:logsave:8:2004/03/12::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:mke2fs:8:2007/12/22:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-○:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:mklost+found:8:2004/05/01::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:resize2fs:8:2007/12/22::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.41.14:2010/12/22:tune2fs:8:2007/12/22:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
-×:e2fsprogs:1.41.14:2010/12/22:uuidd:8:::::
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2010/12/22:chattr:1:2006/12/28:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:1998/03/30:compile_et:1:2000/04/13::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:lsattr:1:2004/05/01:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:0000/00/00:mk_cmds:1:2004/03/12::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2010/12/22:uuidgen:1:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:1998/11/22:com_err:3:2000/04/13::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2010/12/22:libblkid:3:2004/03/12::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:uuid:3:2002/10/12::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:uuid_clear:3:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:uuid_compare:3:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:uuid_copy:3:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:uuid_generate:3:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:uuid_is_null:3:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:uuid_parse:3:2005/06/04::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:uuid_time:3:2005/06/04::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:uuid_unparse:3:2005/06/04::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+●:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2012/02/17:e2fsck.conf:5:2008/11/01::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+×:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2012/02/17:mke2fs.conf:5:::::
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2012/02/17:badblocks:8:2005/06/04:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2010/12/22:blkid:8:2006/01/14::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2012/02/17:debugfs:8:2006/12/28:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2012/02/17:dumpe2fs:8:2004/05/01:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+×:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:e2freefrag:8:::::
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2012/02/17:e2fsck:8:2006/12/28::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.41.14=>1.42.1:2012/02/17:e2image:8:2006/01/14::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:e2label:8:1999/11/16::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
+×:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:e2undo:8:::::
+×:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2012/02/17:e4defrag:8:::::
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2010/12/22:filefrag:8:2004/05/01::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:findfs:8:2002/10/12::nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp:NAKANO Takeo:
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2010/12/22:fsck:8:2005/06/04:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:logsave:8:2004/03/12::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2012/02/17:mke2fs:8:2007/12/22:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+○:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:mklost+found:8:2004/05/01::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2010/12/22:resize2fs:8:2007/12/22::ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+☆:e2fsprogs:1.39=>1.42.1:2012/02/17:tune2fs:8:2007/12/22:o:ysato444@yahoo.co.jp:Yuichi SATO:
+×:e2fsprogs:1.42.1:2010/12/22:uuidd:8:::::
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