-[NAME]
+[名前]
base32 \- データを base32 エンコード/デコードして標準出力に表示する
-[DESCRIPTION]
+[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
chgrp \- グループの所有権を変更する
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
-[SEE ALSO]
+[関連項目]
chown(1), chown(2)
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
'\"
'\" This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
-'\" of the GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+'\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
'\" There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
[名前]
.\"O chmod \- change file mode bits
裏で呼び出される \fBchmod\fP システムコールのポリシーや機能に依存します。
疑わしい点がある場合は、動作しているシステムの動作を確認して下さい。
.PP
+.\"O+ For directories
.\"O .B chmod
-.\"O preserves a directory's set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits unless you
+.\"O- preserves a directory's set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits unless you
+.\"O+ preserves set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits unless you
.\"O explicitly specify otherwise. You can set or clear the bits with
.\"O symbolic modes like
.\"O .B u+s
.\"O and
-.\"O .BR g\-s ,
-.\"O and you can set (but not clear) the bits with a numeric mode.
+.\"O- .BR g\-s ,
+.\"O- and you can set (but not clear) the bits with a numeric mode.
+.\"O+ .BR g\-s .
+.\"O+ To clear these bits for directories with a numeric mode requires
+.\"O+ an additional leading zero, or leading = like
+.\"O+ .B 00755
+.\"O+ , or
+.\"O+ .B =755
\fBchmod\fP は、明示的に指定した場合を除き、ディレクトリの set\-user\-ID ビットと
set\-group\-ID ビットを保持します。
これらのビットの設定や解除を行うには、
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
'\"
'\" This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
-'\" of the GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+'\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
'\" There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
[名前]
.\"O chown \- change file owner and group
date \- システムの日付や時刻の表示、設定を行う
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
-[DATE STRING]
+.\"O [DATE STRING]
+[日付文字列]
.\" NOTE: keep this paragraph in sync with the one in touch.x
.\"O The --date=STRING is a mostly free format human readable date string
.\"O such as "Sun, 29 Feb 2004 16:21:42 -0800" or "2004-02-29 16:21:42" or
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
'\"
'\" This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
-'\" of the GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+'\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
'\" There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
[名前]
.\"O df \- report file system disk space usage
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
'\"
'\" This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
-'\" of the GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+'\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
'\" There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
[名前]
.\"O du \- estimate file space usage
.\" Add any additional description here
[パターン]
.\"O PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression). The pattern
-.\"O .BR ?
+.\"O .B ?\&
.\"O matches any one character, whereas
-.\"O .BR *
+.\"O .B *
.\"O matches any string (composed of zero, one or multiple characters). For
.\"O example,
-.\"O .BR *.o
+.\"O .B *.o
.\"O will match any files whose names end in
.\"O .BR .o .
.\"O Therefore, the command
.\"O .IP
-.\"O .B du --exclude=\(aq*.o\(aq
+.\"O .B du \-\-exclude=\(aq*.o\(aq
.\"O .PP
.\"O will skip all files and subdirectories ending in
-.\"O .BR .o
+.\"O .B .o
.\"O (including the file
-.\"O .BR .o
+.\"O .B .o
.\"O itself).
PATTERN は (正規表現ではなく) シェルのパス名指定パターンです。
パターン
-.BR ?
+.B ?\&
は任意の 1 文字にマッチし、
-.BR *
+.B *
は (0 文字、1 文字、複数文字の) 任意の文字列にマッチします。
例えば、
-.BR *.o
+.B *.o
はファイル名が
-.BR .o
+.B .o
で終わる全てのファイルにマッチします。
したがって、コマンド
.IP
-.B du --exclude=\(aq*.o\(aq
+.B du \-\-exclude=\(aq*.o\(aq
.PP
では、名前が
-.BR .o
+.B .o
で終わるファイルとサブディレクトリが全てスキップされます
(ファイル
.B .o
env \- 変更した環境でプログラムを実行する
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
+.\"O+ [OPTIONS]
+.\"O+ .SS "\-S/\-\-split\-string usage in scripts"
+.\"O+ The
+.\"O+ .B \-S
+.\"O+ option allows specifying multiple parameters in a script.
+.\"O+ Running a script named
+.\"O+ .B 1.pl
+.\"O+ containing the following first line:
+.\"O+ .PP
+.\"O+ .RS
+.\"O+ .nf
+.\"O+ #!/usr/bin/env \-S perl \-w \-T
+.\"O+ \&...
+.\"O+ .fi
+.\"O+ .RE
+.\"O+ .PP
+.\"O+ Will execute
+.\"O+ .B "perl \-w \-T 1.pl".
+.\"O+ .PP
+.\"O+ Without the
+.\"O+ .B '\-S'
+.\"O+ parameter the script will likely fail with:
+.\"O+ .PP
+.\"O+ .RS
+.\"O+ .nf
+.\"O+ /usr/bin/env: 'perl \-w \-T': No such file or directory
+.\"O+ .fi
+.\"O+ .RE
+.\"O+ .PP
+.\"O+ See the full documentation for more details.
+.\"O+ .PP
+.\"O+ .SS "\-\-default-signal[=SIG]" usage
+.\"O+ This option allows setting a signal handler to its default
+.\"O+ action, which is not possible using the traditional shell
+.\"O+ trap command. The following example ensures that seq
+.\"O+ will be terminated by SIGPIPE no matter how this signal
+.\"O+ is being handled in the process invoking the command.
+.\"O+
+.\"O+ .PP
+.\"O+ .RS
+.\"O+ .nf
+.\"O+ sh \-c 'env \-\-default-signal=PIPE seq inf | head \-n1'
+.\"O+ .fi
+.\"O+ .RE
+.\"O+ .PP
+.\"O+
+.\"O+ [NOTES]
+.\"O+ POSIX's exec(2) pages says:
+.\"O+ .RS
+.\"O+ "many existing applications wrongly assume that they start with certain
+.\"O+ signals set to the default action and/or unblocked.... Therefore, it is best
+.\"O+ not to block or ignore signals across execs without explicit reason to do so,
+.\"O+ and especially not to block signals across execs of arbitrary (not closely
+.\"O+ cooperating) programs."
+.\"O+ .RE
+.\"O+
+.\"O [SEE ALSO]
+[関連項目]
+sigaction(2), sigprocmask(2), signal(7)
groups \- ユーザが所属するグループを表示する
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
-[SEE ALSO]
+[関連項目]
getent(1)
head \- ファイルの最初の部分を出力する
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
-[SEE ALSO]
+[関連項目]
tail(1)
md5sum \- MD5 メッセージダイジェストの計算と照合を行う
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
-[BUGS]
-.\"O The MD5 algorithm should not be used any more for security related purposes.
-.\"O Instead, better use an SHA\-2 algorithm, implemented in the programs
-.\"O sha224sum(1), sha256sum(1), sha384sum(1), sha512sum(1)
+.\"O [BUGS]
+[バグ]
+.\"O- The MD5 algorithm should not be used any more for security related purposes.
+.\"O- Instead, better use an SHA\-2 algorithm, implemented in the programs
+.\"O- sha224sum(1), sha256sum(1), sha384sum(1), sha512sum(1)
+.\"O+ Do not use the MD5 algorithm for security related purposes.
+.\"O+ Instead, use an SHA\-2 algorithm, implemented in the programs
+.\"O+ sha224sum(1), sha256sum(1), sha384sum(1), sha512sum(1),
+.\"O+ or the BLAKE2 algorithm, implemented in b2sum(1)
MD5 アルゴリズムはもはやセキュリティ関連の目的で使用すべきではありません。
代わりに、SHA\-2 アルゴリズムを使用するのが望ましい。
SHA\-2 アルゴリズムは sha224sum(1), sha256sum(1), sha384sum(1), sha512sum(1)
od \- ファイルを 8 進数やその他の形式でダンプする
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
-[EXAMPLES]
+.\"O [EXAMPLES]
[例]
.TP
.B od -A x -t x1z -v
readlink \- 解決したシンボリックリンク、つまり正規化された名前を表示する
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
+.\"O+ Note realpath(1) is the preferred command to use
+.\"O+ for canonicalization functionality.
[関連項目]
readlink(2), realpath(1), realpath(3)
-'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 1998-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
'\"
'\" This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
-'\" of the GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+'\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
'\" There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
[名前]
.\"O rm \- remove files or directories
\fBrm\fP は指定された各ファイルを削除します。
デフォルトでは、ディレクトリを削除しません。
.P
-.\"O If the \fI\-I\fR or \fI\-\-interactive\=once\fR option is given,
+.\"O If the \fI\-I\fR or \fI\-\-interactive=once\fR option is given,
.\"O and there are more than three files or the \fI\-r\fR, \fI\-R\fR,
.\"O or \fI\-\-recursive\fR are given, then
.\"O .B rm
.\"O prompts the user for whether to proceed with the entire operation. If
.\"O the response is not affirmative, the entire command is aborted.
-オプション \fI\-I\fP か \fI\-\-interactive\=once\fP が指定され、
+オプション \fI\-I\fP か \fI\-\-interactive=once\fP が指定され、
4 個以上のファイルを削除するか、\fI\-r\fP か \fI\-\-recursive\fP が指定された場合、
\fBrm\fP は操作全体を実行してよいかをユーザに確認します。
返事が肯定的なものでなかった場合には、コマンド全体が中止されます。
.P
.\"O Otherwise, if a file is unwritable, standard input is a terminal, and
.\"O the \fI\-f\fR or \fI\-\-force\fR option is not given, or the
-.\"O \fI\-i\fR or \fI\-\-interactive\=always\fR option is given,
+.\"O \fI\-i\fR or \fI\-\-interactive=always\fR option is given,
.\"O .B rm
.\"O prompts the user for whether to remove the file. If the response is
.\"O not affirmative, the file is skipped.
それ以外の場合で、ファイルが書き込み不可で、標準入力が端末で、
オプション \fI\-f\fP と \fI\-\-force\fP のどちらも指定されていない場合と、
-オプション \fI\-i\fP か \fI\-\-interactive\=always\fP が指定されている場合は、
+オプション \fI\-i\fP か \fI\-\-interactive=always\fP が指定されている場合は、
\fBrm\fP はそのファイルを削除してよいかをユーザに確認します。
返事が肯定的なものでなかった場合には、そのファイルはスキップされます。
.\"O .SH OPTIONS
sha1sum \- SHA1 メッセージダイジェストの計算と照合を行う
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
+.\"O+ [BUGS]
+.\"O+ Do not use the SHA-1 algorithm for security related purposes.
+.\"O+ Instead, use an SHA\-2 algorithm, implemented in the programs
+.\"O+ sha224sum(1), sha256sum(1), sha384sum(1), sha512sum(1),
+.\"O+ or the BLAKE2 algorithm, implemented in b2sum(1)
sort \- テキストファイルの行の並び替えを行う
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
-[SEE ALSO]
+[関連項目]
shuf(1), uniq(1)
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
[関連項目]
-stat(2)
+stat(2), statfs(2), statx(2)
-'\" Copyright (C) 2009-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
'\"
'\" This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms
-'\" of the GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+'\" of the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
'\" There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
[名前]
.\"O stdbuf \-
[例]
.B tail -f access.log | stdbuf -oL cut -d \(aq \(aq -f1 | uniq
.br
-.\"O This will immedidately display unique entries from access.log
+.\"O This will immediately display unique entries from access.log
このコマンドでは access.log の一意なエントリがあると直ちに出力されます。
[バグ]
.\"O On GLIBC platforms, specifying a buffer size, i.e., using fully buffered mode
tail \- ファイルの最後の部分を出力する
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
-[SEE ALSO]
+[関連項目]
head(1)
[名前]
.\"O test \- check file types and compare values
test \- ファイル種別の確認や値の比較を行う
+.\"O [SYNOPSIS]
+[書式]
+.B test
+.I EXPRESSION
+.br
+.B test
+.br
+.\" \& tells doclifter the brackets are literal (Bug#31803).
+.B [\&
+.I EXPRESSION
+.B ]\&
+.br
+.B "[\& ]\&"
+.br
+.B [\&
+.I OPTION
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
[関連項目]
kill(1)
[バグ]
-.\"O Some platforms don't curently support timeouts beyond the year 2038
-いくつかのプラットフォームでは、
+.\"O Some platforms don't currently support timeouts beyond the year 2038.
+現時点では、いくつかのプラットフォームは、
2038 年を越えるタイムアウトに対応していません。
users \- このホストに現在ログインしているユーザの名前を表示する
[説明]
.\" Add any additional description here
-[SEE ALSO]
+[関連項目]
getent(1), who(1)
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