-<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release-9.0.sgml,v 2.39.2.8 2010/08/24 14:46:35 momjian Exp $ -->
+<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release-9.0.sgml,v 2.39.2.9 2010/08/24 23:45:37 tgl Exp $ -->
<sect1 id="release-9-0">
<title>Release 9.0</title>
<listitem>
<para>
Easier database object permissions management. <link
- linkend="SQL-GRANT"><command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE
- IN SCHEMA</></link> supports mass permissions changes, and
- the <link linkend="SQL-ALTERDEFAULTPRIVILEGES"><command>ALTER
- DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</></link> command controls privileges
- of all newly-created objects. Large object permissions now
- support <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE</> as well.
+ linkend="SQL-GRANT"><command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE IN
+ SCHEMA</></link> supports mass permissions changes on existing objects,
+ while <link linkend="SQL-ALTERDEFAULTPRIVILEGES"><command>ALTER DEFAULT
+ PRIVILEGES</></link> allows control of privileges for objects created in
+ the future. Large objects (BLOBs) now support privilege management as
+ well.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Add support for compiling on <link
- linkend="install-win32-full">64-bit
- <productname>Windows</></link> and running in 64-bit
- mode.
+ Broadly enhanced stored procedure support.
+ The <link linkend="SQL-DO"><command>DO</></link> statement supports
+ ad-hoc or <quote>anonymous</> code blocks.
+ Functions can now be called using named parameters.
+ <link linkend="plpgsql">PL/pgSQL</link> is now installed by default, and
+ <link linkend="plperl">PL/Perl</link> and <link
+ linkend="plpython">PL/Python</link> have been enhanced in several ways,
+ including support for Python3.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Broadly enhanced stored procedure support.
- The <link linkend="SQL-DO"><command>DO</></link> statement permits
- ad-hoc or anonymous code blocks. Functions can now be called using named
- parameters. <link linkend="plpgsql">PL/pgSQL</link> is now installed by default,
- and <link linkend="plperl">PL/Perl</link> and <link linkend="plpython">PL/Python</link>
- have been enhanced in several ways, including support for Python3.
+ Full support for <link linkend="install-win32">64-bit
+ <productname>Windows</></link>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- More advanced reporting queries with additional <link
- linkend="functions-window">window functions</link>
- (<literal>PRECEDING</> and <literal>FOLLOWING</>) and the ability
- to <link linkend="syntax-aggregates"><literal>ORDER BY</></link>
- inside aggregate functions.
+ More advanced reporting queries, including additional windowing options
+ (<literal>PRECEDING</> and <literal>FOLLOWING</>) and the ability to
+ control the order in which values are fed to aggregate functions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Triggers now support two new features,
- SQL-compliant <link
- linkend="SQL-CREATETRIGGER">per-column triggers</link>, and
+ New trigger features, including
+ SQL-standard-compliant <link
+ linkend="SQL-CREATETRIGGER">per-column triggers</link> and
conditional trigger execution.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- New and enhanced security features, including <link linkend="client-authentication">RADIUS authentication</link>,
- LDAP authentication improvements, and the new <link linkend="passwordcheck">passwordcheck</link> optional module
- for testing password strength.
+ <link linkend="ddl-constraints-exclusion">Exclusion constraints</link>.
+ These provide a generalized version of unique constraints, allowing
+ enforcement of complex conditions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- The <link linkend="SQL-LISTEN"><command>LISTEN</></link>/<link
- linkend="SQL-NOTIFY"><command>NOTIFY</></link>
- feature has been overhauled to make it into
- a high-performance event queuing system. It now stores
- events in a memory-based queue, and it now allows delivery
- of a string payload to listeners with each event.
+ New and enhanced security features, including RADIUS authentication,
+ LDAP authentication improvements, and a new contrib module
+ <link linkend="passwordcheck"><filename>passwordcheck</></link>
+ for testing password strength.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Add <link linkend="pgupgrade"><filename>/contrib/pg_upgrade</></link>
- to support in-place upgrades from 8.3 or 8.4 to 9.0.
+ New high-performance implementation of the
+ <link linkend="SQL-LISTEN"><command>LISTEN</></link>/<link
+ linkend="SQL-NOTIFY"><command>NOTIFY</></link> feature.
+ Pending events are now stored in a memory-based queue rather than
+ a table. Also, a <quote>payload</> string can be sent with each
+ event, rather than transmitting just an event name as before.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Multiple performance enhancements for specific types of queries,
- including join elimination, which optimizes automatically generated
- queries, such as those produced by object-relational mappers (ORMs).
+ New implementation of
+ <link linkend="SQL-VACUUM"><command>VACUUM FULL</></link>.
+ This command now rewrites the entire table and indexes, rather than
+ moving individual rows to compact space. It is substantially faster
+ in most cases, and no longer results in index bloat.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- <link linkend="ddl-constraints-exclusion">Exclusion constraints</link>
- let database designers define uniqueness based on complex
- criteria, including for non-scalar data such as time periods,
- ranges and arrays.
+ New contrib module
+ <link linkend="pgupgrade"><filename>pg_upgrade</></link>
+ to support in-place upgrades from 8.3 or 8.4 to 9.0.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- As part of our decade-long effort to eliminate the pain of VACUUM,
- <link linkend="vacuum-for-space-recovery"><command>VACUUM FULL</></link>
- is now substantially faster by rewriting the entire table and
- indexes, rather than moving around single rows to compact space.
+ Multiple performance enhancements for specific types of queries,
+ including elimination of unnecessary joins. This helps optimize some
+ automatically-generated queries, such as those produced by
+ object-relational mappers (ORMs).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- <link linkend="using-explain"><command>EXPLAIN</command></link>
- plans are now available in JSON, XML and YAML format, and include
+ <link linkend="SQL-EXPLAIN "><command>EXPLAIN</></link> enhancements.
+ The output is now available in JSON, XML, or YAML format, and includes
buffer utilization and other data not previously available.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- The <link linkend="hstore">HStore optional module</link> has been improved with new functions and greater
- data capacity to make it a high-performance key-value store.
+ <link linkend="hstore"><filename>hstore</></link> improvements,
+ including new functions and greater data capacity.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- <link linkend="guc-wal-level"><varname>wal_level</></link> should now be
- set to <literal>archive</>, not <literal>on</>, to do continuous
- archiving (Heikki Linnakangas)
+ Replace server parameter <varname>archive_mode</> with
+ <link linkend="guc-wal-level"><varname>wal_level</></link>
+ (Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
</listitem>
</para>
</listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Make <function>date_trunc</> truncate rather than round when reducing
- fractional-seconds precision (Tom Lane)
- </para>
-
- <para>
- The code always acted this way for integer-based dates/times.
- Now float-based dates/times behave similarly.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</para>
</listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Make <function>date_trunc</> truncate rather than round when reducing
+ precision of fractional seconds (Tom Lane)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The code always acted this way for integer-based dates/times.
+ Now float-based dates/times behave similarly.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<listitem>
<para>
+ Improve performance and reliability of EvalPlanQual rechecks in join
+ queries (Tom Lane)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <command>UPDATE</>, <command>DELETE</>, and <command>SELECT FOR
+ UPDATE/SHARE</> queries that involve joins will now behave much better
+ when encountering freshly-updated rows.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
Improve performance of <link
linkend="SQL-TRUNCATE"><command>TRUNCATE</></link> when
- used in the same transaction as table creation (Tom Lane)
+ the table was created or truncated earlier in the same transaction
+ (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
</para>
<para>
- Outer joins where the inner side is unique and not referenced in
- the query are unnecessary and are therefore now removed. This will
+ Outer joins where the inner side is unique and not referenced above
+ the join are unnecessary and are therefore now removed. This will
accelerate many automatically generated queries, such as those created
by object-relational mappers (ORMs).
</para>
<listitem>
<para>
+ Improve the optimizer's choices about when to use materialize nodes,
+ and when to use sorting versus hashing for <literal>DISTINCT</>
+ (Tom Lane)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
Improve the optimizer's equivalence detection for expressions involving
<type>boolean</> <literal><></> operators (Tom Lane)
</para>
</para>
<para>
- This avoids the rare error <quote>failed to make a valid plan</>.
+ This avoids the rare error <quote>failed to make a valid plan</>,
+ and should also improve planning speed.
</para>
</listitem>
Add <link
linkend="monitoring-stats-funcs-table"><function>pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters()</></link>
and <function>pg_stat_reset_single_function_counters()</>
- to allow resetting of the statistics counters for individual
+ to allow resetting the statistics counters for individual
tables and indexes (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
</listitem>
not combinations. All role and database settings are now stored
in the new <structname>pg_db_role_setting</> system table. A new
<application>psql</> command <literal>\drds</> shows these settings.
- Backwards-compatible system views do not show combination settings.
+ The legacy system views <structname>pg_roles</>,
+ <structname>pg_shadow</>, and <structname>pg_user</>
+ do not show combination settings, and therefore no longer
+ completely represent the configuration for a user or database.
</para>
-
</listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
+ Change server parameter <link
+ linkend="guc-log-temp-files"><varname>log_temp_files</></link> to
+ use default file size units of kilobytes (Robert Haas)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Previously this setting was interpreted in bytes if no units were
+ specified.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
Log changes of parameter values when <filename>postgresql.conf</> is
reloaded (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
settings, and is also very convenient for checking the effects of
<filename>postgresql.conf</> edits.
</para>
-
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Add proper permissions for custom server parameters (Tom Lane)
+ Properly enforce superuser permissions for custom server parameters
+ (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
- Custom parameters can now only be created by super-users,
- but then can be modified by ordinary users if the parameter's
- permissions allow it. This makes custom parameters
- appropriate for security-related settings. Previously, any user
- could create or modify custom parameters.
+ Non-superusers can no longer issue <command>ALTER
+ ROLE</>/<command>DATABASE SET</> for parameters that are not currently
+ known to the server. This allows the server to correctly check that
+ superuser-only parameters are only set by superusers. Previously,
+ the <literal>SET</> would be allowed and then ignored at session start,
+ making superuser-only custom parameters practically useless.
</para>
</listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Change server parameter <link
- linkend="guc-log-temp-files"><varname>log_temp_files</></link> to
- use default file size units of kilobytes (Robert Haas)
- </para>
-
- <para>
- Previously this setting was interpreted in bytes if no units were
- specified.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<para>
Allow mixing of traditional and SQL-standard <link
linkend="SQL-LIMIT"><literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</></link>
- syntax in the same query (Tom Lane)
+ syntax (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
- <title><command>ALTER</></title>
+ <title><command>ALTER TABLE</></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
- Add <link linkend="SQL-ALTERDEFAULTPRIVILEGES"><command>ALTER
- DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</></link> command to control privileges
- of objects created later (Petr Jelinek)
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This greatly simplifies the assignment of object privileges in a
- complex database application. Default privileges can be set for
- tables, views, sequences, and functions. Defaults may be assigned on a
- per-schema basis, or database-wide.
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Implement <literal>IF EXISTS</> for <literal>DROP COLUMN</> and
- <literal>DROP CONSTRAINT </> (Andres Freund)
+ Implement <literal>IF EXISTS</> for <literal>ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN</>
+ and <literal>ALTER TABLE DROP CONSTRAINT </> (Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
and makes it easier to utilize database roles for application
data security.
</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Add <link linkend="SQL-ALTERDEFAULTPRIVILEGES"><command>ALTER
+ DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</></link> command to control privileges
+ of objects created later (Petr Jelinek)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This greatly simplifies the assignment of object privileges in a
+ complex database application. Default privileges can be set for
+ tables, views, sequences, and functions. Defaults may be assigned on a
+ per-schema basis, or database-wide.
+ </para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Formerly, any database user could read or modify any large object.
Read and write permissions can now be granted and revoked per
- large object.
+ large object, and the ownership of large objects is tracked.
</para>
</listitem>
</para>
<para>
- Global catalogs still cannot be clustered.
+ Shared catalogs still cannot be clustered.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
+ By default, multicolumn indexes are now named after all their columns;
+ and index expression columns are now named based on their expressions
+ (Tom Lane)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
Reindexing shared system catalogs is now fully transactional
and crash-safe (Tom Lane)
</para>
<listitem>
<para>
- Tighten input requirements for <type>int2vector</> input (Caleb
+ Tighten input checking for <type>int2vector</> values (Caleb
Welton)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Fix <function>to_char()</> to output the proper localized
-
numeric and monetary characters on <productname>Windows</>
- (Hiroshi Inoue, Itagaki Takahir, Bruce Momjian)
+ Fix <function>to_char()</> to output localized numeric and monetary
+
strings in the correct encoding on <productname>Windows</>
+ (Hiroshi Inoue, Itagaki Takahiro, Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow aggregate functions to use <link
- linkend="syntax-aggregates"><literal>ORDER BY</></> (Andrew
- Gierth)
+ linkend="syntax-aggregates"><literal>ORDER BY</></> (Andrew Gierth)
</para>
<para>
<listitem>
<para>
+ Multi-argument aggregate functions can now use <literal>DISTINCT</>
+ (Andrew Gierth)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
Add the <link
linkend="functions-aggregate-table"><function>string_agg()</></link>
aggregate function to combine values into a single
<listitem>
<para>
- Make the <link linkend="information-schema">information_schema</link>
- views properly display maximum octet lengths for <type>char</> and
- <type>varchar</> columns, as well as the proper precision for datetime
- columns (Peter Eisentraut)
+ Update the <link linkend="information-schema">information_schema</link>
+ views to conform to SQL:2008
+ (Peter Eisentraut)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Make the <literal>information_schema</> views correctly display maximum
+ octet lengths for <type>char</> and <type>varchar</> columns (Peter
+ Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Speed up information_schema privilege views (Joachim Wieland)
+ Speed up <literal>information_schema</> privilege views
+ (Joachim Wieland)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
+ Avoid throwing an unnecessary error for an invalid record reference
+ (Tom Lane)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ An error is now thrown only if the reference is actually fetched,
+ rather than whenever the enclosing expression is reached. For
+ example, many people have tried to do this in triggers:
+<programlisting>
+if TG_OP = 'INSERT' AND NEW.col1 = ... then
+</programlisting>
+ This will now actually work as expected.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
Improve PL/pgSQL's ability to handle row types with dropped columns
(Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
<type>Bytea</> values passed into PL/Python are now represented as
- binary, rather than the PostgreSQL <type>bytea</> text format. Null
- bytes are now also output properly from PL/Python. <type>boolean</>
- and <type>numeric</> value passing in PL/Python was also improved.
+ binary, rather than the PostgreSQL <type>bytea</> text format.
+ <type>Bytea</> values containing null bytes are now also output
+ properly from PL/Python. Passing of boolean, integer, and float
+ values was also improved.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Add <link linkend="plpython-arrays">array parameter/return
- support</link> to PL/Python (Peter Eisentraut)
+ Support <link linkend="plpython-arrays">arrays</link> as parameters and
+ return values in PL/Python (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Improve mapping of domains to Python base types in PL/Python (Peter Eisentraut)
+ Improve mapping of SQL domains to Python types (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
</para>
<para>
- Previously the <application>pg_ctl</> process could have been mistakenly
- identified as a running <application>postmaster</> based on a stale
- <application>postmaster</> lock file, resulting in a transient failure
- to start the database.
+ Previously, <application>pg_ctl</>'s parent process could have been
+ mistakenly identified as a running <application>postmaster</> based on
+ a stale <application>postmaster</> lock file, resulting in a transient
+ failure to start the database.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
+ Avoid extra system calls to block and unblock <literal>SIGPIPE</>
+ in <application>libpq</>, on platforms that offer alternative methods
+ (Jeremy Kerr)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
When a <link linkend="libpq-pgpass"><filename>.pgpass</></link>-supplied
password fails, mention where the password came from in the error
message (Bruce Momjian)
<listitem>
<para>
- Add <application>ecpg</> out-of-scope cursor support in native mode
+ Add out-of-scope cursor support in <application>ecpg</>'s native mode
(Boszormenyi Zoltan)
</para>
<para>
This allows <command>DECLARE</> to use variables that are not in
scope when <command>OPEN</> is called. This facility already existed
- in <application>ecpg</> Informix-compatibility mode.
+ in <application>ecpg</>'s Informix-compatibility mode.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Allow dynamic <application>ecpg</> cursor names (Boszormenyi Zoltan)
+ Allow dynamic cursor names in <application>ecpg</> (Boszormenyi Zoltan)
</para>
</listitem>
<para>
These are similar to the existing <literal>all</>, <literal>install</>,
- and <literal>installcheck</> targets, but they build <acronym>HTML</>
- documentation, build and test <filename>contrib</>, and test
- server-side languages and <application>ecpg</>.
+ and <literal>installcheck</> targets, but they also build
+ <acronym>HTML</> documentation, build and test <filename>contrib</>,
+
and test server-side languages and <application>ecpg</>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Add data and documentation location control to <link
+ Add data and documentation installation location control to <link
linkend="xfunc-c-pgxs"><acronym>PGXS</></link> Makefiles
(Mark Cave-Ayland)
</para>
<listitem>
<para>
- Add a Makefile rule to build documentation as a single text file
- (Bruce Momjian)
+ Add Makefile rules to build documentation as a single <acronym>HTML</>
+ file or as a single plain-text file
+ (Peter Eisentraut, Bruce Momjian)
</para>
</listitem>
</para>
</listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Support multiprocessor compilation using <productname>Microsoft Visual
- C</> (Magnus Hagander)
- </para>
- </listitem>
-
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<listitem>
<para>
- Improve the ability to translate <application>psql</> strings
+ Automatically generate the initial contents of
+ <structname>pg_attribute</> for <quote>bootstrapped</> catalogs
+ (John Naylor)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This greatly simplifies changes to these catalogs.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Split the processing of
+ <command>INSERT</>/<command>UPDATE</>/<command>DELETE</> operations out
+ of <filename>execMain.c</> (Marko Tiikkaja)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Updates are now executed in a separate ModifyTable node. This change is
+ necessary infrastructure for future improvements.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Simplify translation of <application>psql</>'s SQL help text
(Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Reduce the length of some file names so that all file paths in the
+ Reduce the lengths of some file names so that all file paths in the
distribution tarball are less than 100 characters (Tom Lane)
</para>
<listitem>
<para>
- Restructure the <acronym>HTML</> documentation build
- <filename>Makefile</> rules (Peter Eisentraut)
+ Restructure the <acronym>HTML</> documentation
+ <filename>Makefile</> rules to make their dependency checks work
+ correctly, avoiding unnecessary rebuilds (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Use <productname>DocBook</> <acronym>XSL</> stylesheets for man page
- building (Peter Eisentraut)
+ building, rather than <productname>Docbook2X</> (Peter Eisentraut)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This changes the set of tools needed to build the man pages.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Improve error context support in PL/Perl (Alexey Klyukin)
+ Improve error context reports in PL/Perl (Alexey Klyukin)
</para>
</listitem>
Restructure use of <literal>LDFLAGS</> to be more consistent
across platforms (Tom Lane)
</para>
+
+ <para>
+ <literal>LDFLAGS</> is now used for linking both executables and shared
+ libraries, and we add on <literal>LDFLAGS_EX</> when linking
+ executables, or <literal>LDFLAGS_SL</> when linking shared libraries.
+ </para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
- Simplify use of <productname>C++</> functions in backend code (Kurt
- Harriman, Peter Eisentraut)
+ Make backend header files safe to include in <productname>C++</>
+ (Kurt Harriman, Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
<listitem>
<para>
+ Change calling convention for <function>SearchSysCache()</> and related
+ functions to avoid hard-wiring the maximum number of cache keys
+ (Robert Haas)
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Existing calls will still work for the moment, but can be expected to
+ break in 9.1 or later if not converted.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
Require calls of <function>fastgetattr()</> and
- <function>heap_getattr()</> backend macros to use a non-NULL fourth
+ <function>heap_getattr()</> backend macros to provide a non-NULL fourth
argument (Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- Add parser hooks to access column and parameter references in
- queries (Tom Lane)
+ Add parser hooks for processing ColumnRef and ParamRef nodes
+ (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
</para>
<para>
- This filter dictionary removes accents from letters, which
+ This filtering dictionary removes accents from letters, which
makes full-text searches over multiple languages much easier.
</para>
</listitem>
OSDN Git Service
