* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
* IDENTIFICATION
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/storage/freespace/fsmpage.c,v 1.1 2008/09/30 10:52:13 heikki Exp $
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/storage/freespace/fsmpage.c,v 1.2 2008/10/07 21:10:11 tgl Exp $
*
* NOTES:
*
* The public functions in this file form an API that hides the internal
* structure of a FSM page. This allows freespace.c to treat each FSM page
* as a black box with SlotsPerPage "slots". fsm_set_avail() and
- * fsm_get_avail() let's you get/set the value of a slot, and
- * fsm_search_avail() let's you search for a slot with value >= X.
+ * fsm_get_avail() let you get/set the value of a slot, and
+ * fsm_search_avail() lets you search for a slot with value >= X.
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#include "storage/bufmgr.h"
#include "storage/fsm_internals.h"
-/* macros to navigate the tree within a page. */
+/* Macros to navigate the tree within a page. Root has index zero. */
#define leftchild(x) (2 * (x) + 1)
#define rightchild(x) (2 * (x) + 2)
#define parentof(x) (((x) - 1) / 2)
-/* returns right sibling of x, wrapping around within the level */
+/*
+ * Find right neighbor of x, wrapping around within the level
+ */
static int
-rightsibling(int x)
+rightneighbor(int x)
{
/*
* Move right. This might wrap around, stepping to the leftmost node at
/*
* Check if we stepped to the leftmost node at next level, and correct
- * if so. The leftmost nodes at each level are of form x = 2^level - 1, so
- * check if (x + 1) is a power of two.
+ * if so. The leftmost nodes at each level are numbered x = 2^level - 1,
+ * so check if (x + 1) is a power of two, using a standard
+ * twos-complement-arithmetic trick.
*/
if (((x + 1) & x) == 0)
x = parentof(x);
}
/*
- * Sets the value of a slot on page. Returns true if the page was
- * modified.
+ * Sets the value of a slot on page. Returns true if the page was modified.
*
* The caller must hold an exclusive lock on the page.
*/
} while (nodeno > 0);
/*
- * sanity check: if the new value value is higher than the value
- * at the top, the tree is corrupt.
+ * sanity check: if the new value is (still) higher than the value
+ * at the top, the tree is corrupt. If so, rebuild.
*/
if (value > fsmpage->fp_nodes[0])
fsm_rebuild_page(page);
{
FSMPage fsmpage = (FSMPage) PageGetContents(page);
+ Assert(slot < LeafNodesPerPage);
+
return fsmpage->fp_nodes[NonLeafNodesPerPage + slot];
}
/*
* Returns the value at the root of a page.
+ *
* Since this is just a read-only access of a single byte, the page doesn't
* need to be locked.
*/
fsm_get_max_avail(Page page)
{
FSMPage fsmpage = (FSMPage) PageGetContents(page);
+
return fsmpage->fp_nodes[0];
}
/*
- * Searches for a slot with min. category. Returns slot number, or -1 if
- * none found.
+ * Searches for a slot with category at least minvalue.
+ * Returns slot number, or -1 if none found.
*
* The caller must hold at least a shared lock on the page, and this
* function can unlock and lock the page again in exclusive mode if it
* caller is already holding an exclusive lock, to avoid extra work.
*
* If advancenext is false, fp_next_slot is set to point to the returned
- * slot, and if it's true, to the slot next to the returned slot.
+ * slot, and if it's true, to the slot after the returned slot.
*/
int
fsm_search_avail(Buffer buf, uint8 minvalue, bool advancenext,
restart:
/*
- * Check the root first, and exit quickly if there's no page with
+ * Check the root first, and exit quickly if there's no leaf with
* enough free space
*/
if (fsmpage->fp_nodes[0] < minvalue)
return -1;
-
- /* fp_next_slot is just a hint, so check that it's sane */
+ /*
+ * Start search using fp_next_slot. It's just a hint, so check that it's
+ * sane. (This also handles wrapping around when the prior call returned
+ * the last slot on the page.)
+ */
target = fsmpage->fp_next_slot;
if (target < 0 || target >= LeafNodesPerPage)
target = 0;
target += NonLeafNodesPerPage;
- /*
- * Start the search from the target slot. At every step, move one
- * node to the right, and climb up to the parent. Stop when we reach a
- * node with enough free space. (note that moving to the right only
- * makes a difference if we're on the right child of the parent)
+ /*----------
+ * Start the search from the target slot. At every step, move one
+ * node to the right, then climb up to the parent. Stop when we reach
+ * a node with enough free space (as we must, since the root has enough
+ * space).
*
- * The idea is to graduall expand our "search triangle", that is, all
- * nodes covered by the current node. In the beginning, just the target
- * node is included, and more nodes to the right of the target node,
- * taking wrap-around into account, is included at each step. Nodes are
- * added to the search triangle in left-to-right order, starting from
- * the target node. This ensures that we'll find the first suitable node
- * to the right of the target node, and not some other node with enough
- * free space.
+ * The idea is to gradually expand our "search triangle", that is, all
+ * nodes covered by the current node, and to be sure we search to the
+ * right from the start point. At the first step, only the target slot
+ * is examined. When we move up from a left child to its parent, we are
+ * adding the right-hand subtree of that parent to the search triangle.
+ * When we move right then up from a right child, we are dropping the
+ * current search triangle (which we know doesn't contain any suitable
+ * page) and instead looking at the next-larger-size triangle to its
+ * right. So we never look left from our original start point, and at
+ * each step the size of the search triangle doubles, ensuring it takes
+ * only log2(N) work to search N pages.
+ *
+ * The "move right" operation will wrap around if it hits the right edge
+ * of the tree, so the behavior is still good if we start near the right.
+ * Note also that the move-and-climb behavior ensures that we can't end
+ * up on one of the missing nodes at the right of the leaf level.
*
* For example, consider this tree:
*
* 4 5 5 7 2 6 5 2
* T
*
- * Imagine that target node is the node indicated by the letter T, and
- * we're searching for a node with value of 6 or higher. The search
- * begins at T. At first iteration, we move to the right, and to the
- * parent, arriving the rightmost 5. At the 2nd iteration, we move to the
- * right, wrapping around, and climb up, arriving at the 7 at the 2nd
- * level. 7 satisfies our search, so we descend down to the bottom,
- * following the path of sevens.
+ * Assume that the target node is the node indicated by the letter T,
+ * and we're searching for a node with value of 6 or higher. The search
+ * begins at T. At the first iteration, we move to the right, then to the
+ * parent, arriving at the rightmost 5. At the second iteration, we move
+ * to the right, wrapping around, then climb up, arriving at the 7 on the
+ * third level. 7 satisfies our search, so we descend down to the bottom,
+ * following the path of sevens. This is in fact the first suitable page
+ * to the right of (allowing for wraparound) our start point.
+ *----------
*/
nodeno = target;
while (nodeno > 0)
{
if (fsmpage->fp_nodes[nodeno] >= minvalue)
break;
-
+
/*
- * Move to the right, wrapping around at the level if necessary, and
- * climb up.
+ * Move to the right, wrapping around on same level if necessary,
+ * then climb up.
*/
- nodeno = parentof(rightsibling(nodeno));
+ nodeno = parentof(rightneighbor(nodeno));
}
/*
slot = nodeno - NonLeafNodesPerPage;
/*
- * Update the next slot pointer. Note that we do this even if we're only
+ * Update the next-target pointer. Note that we do this even if we're only
* holding a shared lock, on the grounds that it's better to use a shared
* lock and get a garbled next pointer every now and then, than take the
- * concurrency hit of an exlusive lock.
+ * concurrency hit of an exclusive lock.
*
* Wrap-around is handled at the beginning of this function.
*/
int nodeno;
/*
- * Start from the lowest non-leaflevel, at last node, working our way
+ * Start from the lowest non-leaf level, at last node, working our way
* backwards, through all non-leaf nodes at all levels, up to the root.
*/
for (nodeno = NonLeafNodesPerPage - 1; nodeno >= 0; nodeno--)
int rchild = lchild + 1;
uint8 newvalue = 0;
+ /* The first few nodes we examine might have zero or one child. */
if (lchild < NodesPerPage)
newvalue = fsmpage->fp_nodes[lchild];
return changed;
}
-
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