--- /dev/null
+
+PyGreSQL - v2.3: PostgreSQL module for Python
+==============================================
+
+0. Copyright notice
+===================
+
+ PyGreSQL, version 2.3
+ A Python interface for PostgreSQL database.
+ Written by D'Arcy J.M. Cain, darcy@druid.net<BR>
+ Based heavily on code written by Pascal Andre, andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr.
+ Copyright (c) 1995, Pascal ANDRE (andre@via.ecp.fr)
+
+ Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+ documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement
+ is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this
+ paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies or in any
+ new file that contains a substantial portion of this file.
+
+ IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS,
+ ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE
+ AUTHOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+ THE AUTHOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE
+ AUTHOR HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES,
+ ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+
+ Further modifications copyright 1997, 1998 and 1999 by D'Arcy J.M. Cain
+ (darcy@druid.net) subject to the same terms and conditions as above.
+
+1. Presentation
+===============
+
+1.1. Introduction
+-----------------
+
+PostgreSQL is a database system derived from Postgres4.2. It conforms to
+(most of) ANSI SQL and offers many interesting capabilities (C dynamic linking
+for functions or type definition, etc.). This package is copyright by the
+Regents of the University of California, and is freely distributable.
+
+Python is an interpreted programming language. It is object oriented, simple
+to use (light syntax, simple and straightforward statements), and has many
+extensions for building GUIs, interfacing with WWW, etc. An intelligent web
+browser (HotJava like) is currently under development (November 1995), and
+this should open programmers many doors. Python is copyrighted by Stichting S
+Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and is freely distributable.
+
+PyGreSQL is a python module that interfaces to a PostgreSQL database. It
+embeds the PostgreSQL query library to allow easy use of the powerful
+PostgreSQL features from a Python script.
+
+PyGreSQL 2.0 was developed and tested on a NetBSD 1.3_BETA system. It is
+based on the PyGres95 code written by Pascal Andre, andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr.
+I changed the version to 2.0 and updated the code for Python 1.5 and
+PostgreSQL 6.2.1. While I was at it I upgraded the code to use full ANSI
+style prototypes and changed the order of arguments to connect.
+
+
+1.2. Distribution files
+-----------------------
+
+ README - this file
+ Announce - announcement of this release
+ ChangeLog - changes that affected this package during its history
+ pgmodule.c - the C python module
+ pg.py - PyGreSQL DB class.
+ tutorial/ - demos directory
+ Content: basics.py, syscat.py, advanced.py, func.py and
+ pgtools.py. The samples here have been taken from the
+ PostgreSQL manual and were used for module testing. They
+ demonstrate some PostgreSQL features. Pgtools.py is an
+ add-in used for demonstration.
+
+1.3. Installation
+-----------------
+
+* You first have to get and build Python and PostgreSQL.
+
+* PyGreSQL is implemented as two parts, a C module labeled _pg and a
+ Python wrapper called pg.py. This changed between 2.1 and 2.2. This
+ should not affect any existing programs but the installation is slightly
+ different.
+
+* Find the directory where your 'Setup' file lives (usually ??/Modules) and
+ copy or symlink the 'pgmodule.c' file there.
+
+* Add the following line to your Setup file
+ _pg pgmodule.c -I[pgInc] -L[pgLib] -lpq # -lcrypt # needed on some systems
+ where:
+ [pgInc] = path of the PostgreSQL include
+ [pgLib] = path of the PostgreSQL libraries
+ Some options may be added to this line:
+ -DNO_DEF_VAR - no default variables support
+ -DNO_DIRECT - no direct access methods
+ -DNO_LARGE - no large object support
+ -DNO_PQSOCKET - if running an older PostgreSQL
+
+ Define NO_PQSOCKET if you are using a version of PostgreSQL before 6.4
+ that does not have the PQsocket function. The other options will be
+ described in the next sections.
+
+* If you want a shared module, make sure that the "*shared*" keyword is
+ uncommented and add the above line below it. You used to need to install
+ your shared modules with "make sharedinstall but this no longer seems
+ to be true."
+
+* Copy pg.py to the lib directory where the rest of your modules are. For
+ example, that's /usr/local/lib/Python on my system.
+
+* Do 'make -f Makefile.pre.in boot' and do 'make && make install'
+
+* For more details read the documentation at the top of Makefile.pre.in
+
+* If you are on NetBSD, look in the packages directory under databases. If
+ it isn't there yet, it should be there shortly. You can also pick up the
+ package files from ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/pygresql.pkg.tgz.
+ There is also a package in the FreeBSD ports collection but as I write
+ this it is at version 2.1. I will try to get that updated as well.
+
+* For Linux installation look at README.linux
+
+
+1.4. Where to get ... ?
+-----------------------
+
+The home sites of the different packages are:
+
+ - Python: ftp://ftp.python.org:/pub/python
+ - PosgreSQL: ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/postgresql-6.4.tar.gz
+ - PyGreSQL: ftp://ftp.druid.net/pub/distrib/pygresql-2.2.tgz
+
+A Linux RPM can be picked up from ftp://www.eevolute.com/pub/python/.
+
+
+1.5. Information and support
+----------------------------
+
+If you need information about these packages please check their web sites:
+
+ - Python: http://www.python.org/
+ - PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org/
+ - PyGres95: http://www.via.ecp.fr/via/products/pygres.html
+ - PyGreSQL: http://www.druid.net/pygresql/
+
+For support:
+
+ - Python: newgroup comp.lang.python
+ - PostgreSQL: mailing list (see package documentation for information)
+ - PyGres95: contact me (andre@via.ecp.fr) for bug reports, ideas, remarks
+ I will try to answer as long as my free time allow me to do
+ that.
+ - PyGreSQL: contact me (darcy@druid.net) concerning the changes to 2.x.
+
+
+2. Programming information
+==========================
+
+This module defines three objects: the pgobject that handles the connection
+and all the requests to the database, the pglargeobject that handles
+all the accesses to Postgres large objects and pgqueryobject that handles
+query results.
+
+2.1. pg module description
+----------------------------
+
+The module defines only a few methods that allow to connect to a database and
+to allow to define "default variables" that override the environment variables
+used by PostgreSQL.
+
+These "default variables" were designed to allow you to handle general
+connection parameters without heavy code in your programs. You can prompt the
+user for a value, put it in the default variable, and forget it, without
+having to modify your environment. The support for default variables can be
+disabled by setting the -DNO_DEF_VAR option in the Python Setup file. Methods
+relative to this are specified by te tag [DV].
+
+All variables are set to None at module initialization, specifying that
+standard environment variables should be used.
+
+ 2.1.1. connect - opens a pg connection
+ ----------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax:
+ connect(dbname, host, port, opt, tty, user, passwd)
+ Parameters:
+ dbname - name of connected database (string/None)
+ host - name of the server host (string/None)
+ port - port used by the database server (integer/-1)
+ opt - connection options (string/None)
+ tty - debug terminal (string/None)
+ user - PostgreSQL user (string/None)
+ passwd - password for user (string/None)
+ Return type:
+ pgobject - the object handling the connection
+ Exceptions raised:
+ TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
+ SyntaxError - duplicate argument definition
+ pg.error - some error occurred during pg connection definition
+ (+ all exceptions relative to object allocation)
+ Description:
+ This method opens a connection to a specified database on a given
+ PostgreSQL server. You can use keywords here, as described in the
+ Python tutorial;
+ the names of the keywords are the name of the parameters given in the
+ syntax line. For a precise description of the parameters, please refer to
+ the PostgreSQL user manual.
+
+ 2.1.2. get_defhost, set_defhost - default server host name handling [DV]
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: get_defhost()
+ Parameters:
+ none
+ Return type:
+ string, None - default host specification
+ Exceptions raised:
+ SyntaxError - too many arguments
+ Description:
+ This method returns the current default host specification, or None if the
+ environment variables should be used. Environment variables won't be looked
+ up.
+
+ Syntax: set_defhost(host)
+ Parameters:
+ host - new default host (string/None)
+ Return type:
+ string, None - previous default host specification
+ Exceptions raised:
+ TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
+ Description:
+ This methods sets the default host value for new connections. If None is
+ supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in future
+ connections. It returns the previous setting for default host.
+
+ 2.1.3. get_defport, set_defport - default server port handling [DV]
+ -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: get_defport()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ integer, None - default port specification
+ Exceptions raised:
+ SyntaxError - too many arguments
+ Description:
+ This method returns the current default port specification, or None if
+ the environment variables should be used. Environment variables won't
+ be looked up.
+
+ Syntax: set_defport(port)
+ Parameters:
+ port - new default port (integer/-1)
+ Return type:
+ integer, None - previous default port specification
+ Description:
+ This methods sets the default port value for new connections. If -1 is
+ supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in future
+ connections. It returns the previous setting for default port.
+
+ 2.1.4. get_defopt, set_defopt - default connection options handling [DV]
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: get_defopt()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ string, None - default options specification
+ Exceptions raised:
+ SyntaxError - too many arguments
+ Description:
+ This method returns the current default connection options specification,
+ or None if the environment variables should be used. Environment variables
+ won't be looked up.
+
+ Syntax: set_defopt(options)
+ Parameters:
+ options - new default connection options (string/None)
+ Return type:
+ string, None - previous default options specification
+ Exceptions raised:
+ TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
+ Description:
+ This methods sets the default connection options value for new connections.
+ If None is supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in
+ future connections. It returns the previous setting for default options.
+
+ 2.1.5. get_deftty, set_deftty - default connection debug tty handling [DV]
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: get_deftty()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ string, None - default debug terminal specification
+ Exceptions raised:
+ SyntaxError - too many arguments
+ Description:
+ This method returns the current default debug terminal specification, or
+ None if the environment variables should be used. Environment variables
+ won't be looked up.
+
+ Syntax: set_deftty(terminal)
+ Parameters:
+ terminal - new default debug terminal (string/None)
+ Return type:
+ string, None - previous default debug terminal specification
+ Exceptions raised:
+ TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
+ Description:
+ This methods sets the default debug terminal value for new connections. If
+ None is supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in future
+ connections. It returns the previous setting for default terminal.
+
+ 2.1.6. get_defbase, set_defbase - default database name handling [DV]
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: get_defbase()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ string, None - default database name specification
+ Exceptions raised:
+ SyntaxError - too many arguments
+ Description:
+ This method returns the current default database name specification, or
+ None if the environment variables should be used. Environment variables
+ won't be looked up.
+
+ Syntax: set_defbase(base)
+ Parameters:
+ base - new default base name (string/None)
+ Return type:
+ string, None - previous default database name specification
+ Exceptions raised:
+ TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
+ Description:
+ This method sets the default database name value for new connections. If
+ None is supplied as parameter, environment variables will be used in
+ future connections. It returns the previous setting for default host.
+
+ 2.1.7. Module constants
+ -----------------------
+
+ Some constants are defined in the module dictionary. They are intended to be
+used as parameters for methods calls. You should refer to PostgreSQL user
+manual for more information about them. These constants are:
+
+ - large objects access modes, used by (pgobject.)locreate and
+ (pglarge.)open: (pg.)INV_READ, (pg.)INV_WRITE, (pg.)INV_ARCHIVE
+ - positional flags, used by (pglarge.)seek: (pg.)SEEK_SET,
+ (pg.)SEEK_CUR, (pg.)SEEK_END.
+ - version and __version__ constants that give the current version.
+
+ 2.1.9.
+ 2.1.10. Miscellaneous attributes
+
+ The following methods return information about the current connection.
+
+ -
+2.2. pgobject description
+---------------------------
+
+ This object handle a connection to a PostgreSQL database. It embeds and
+hides all the parameters that define this connection, thus just leaving really
+significant parameters in function calls.
+ Some methods give direct access to the connection socket. They are specified
+by the tag [DA]. DO NOT USE THEM UNLESS YOU REALLY KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING. If
+you prefer disabling them, set the -DNO_DIRECT option in the Python Setup file.
+ Some other methods give access to large objects (refer to PostgreSQL user
+manual for more information about these). if you want to forbid access to these
+from the module, set the -DNO_LARGE option in the Python Setup file. These
+methods are specified by the tag [LO].
+
+ 2.2.1. query - executes a SQL command string
+ --------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: query(command)
+ Parameters:
+ command - SQL command (string)
+ Return type:
+ pgqueryobject, None - result values
+ Exceptions raised:
+ TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments.
+ ValueError - empty SQL query
+ pg.error - error during query processing, or invalid connection
+ Description:
+ This method simply sends a SQL query to the database. If the query is
+ an insert statement, the return value is the OID of the newly
+ inserted row. If it is otherwise a query that does not return a result
+ (ie. is not a some kind of SELECT statement), it returns None.
+ Otherwise, it returns a pgqueryobject that can be accessed via the
+ getresult method or printed.
+
+ pgqueryobject methods
+ ---------------------
+
+ 2.2.1.1. getresult - gets the values returned by the query
+ -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: getresult()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ list - result values
+ Exceptions raised:
+ SyntaxError - too many parameters
+ pg.error - invalid previous result
+ Description:
+ This method returns the list of the values returned by the query.
+ More information about this result may be get using listfields,
+ fieldname and fiednum methods.
+
+ 2.2.1.2. dictresult - like getresult but returns list of dictionaries
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: dictresult()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ list - result values as a dictionary
+ Exceptions raised:
+ SyntaxError - too many parameters
+ pg.error - invalid previous result
+ Description:
+ This method returns the list of the values returned by the query
+ with each tuple returned as a dictionary with the field names
+ used as the dictionary index.
+
+
+ 2.2.1.3. listfields - lists the fields names of the previous query result
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: listfields()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ list - fields names
+ Exceptions raised:
+ SyntaxError - too many parameters
+ pg.error - invalid previous result, or invalid connection
+ Description:
+ This method returns the list of names of the fields defined for the
+ query result. The fields are in the same order as the result values.
+
+ 2.2.1.4. fieldname, fieldnum - field name-number conversion
+ ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: fieldname(i)
+ Parameters:
+ i - field number (integer)
+ Return type:
+ string - field name
+ Exceptions raised:
+ TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
+ ValueError - invalid field number
+ pg.error - invalid previous result, or invalid connection
+ Description:
+ This method allows to find a field name from its rank number. It can be
+ useful for displaying a result. The fields are in the same order than the
+ result values.
+
+ Syntax: fieldnum(name)
+ Parameters:
+ name - field name (string)
+ Return type:
+ integer - field number
+ Exceptions raised:
+ TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
+ ValueError - unknown field name
+ pg.error - invalid previous result, or invalid connection
+ Description:
+ This method returns a field number from its name. It can be used to
+ build a function that converts result list strings to their correct
+ type, using a hardcoded table definition. The number returned is the
+ field rank in the result values list.
+
+ 2.2.2. reset - resets the connection
+ ------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: reset()
+ Parameters: None
+ Return type: None
+ Exceptions raised:
+ TypeError - too many (any) arguments
+ Description:
+ This method resets the current database.
+
+
+ 2.2.3. close - close the database connection
+ --------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: close()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type: None
+ Exceptions raised:
+ TypeError - too many (any) arguments
+ Description:
+ This method closes the database connection. The connection will
+ be closed in any case when the connection is deleted but this
+ allows you to explicitly close it. It is mainly here to allow
+ the DB-SIG API wrapper to implement a close function.
+
+
+ 2.2.4. fileno - returns the socket used to connect to the database
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: fileno()
+ Parameters: none
+ Exceptions raised:
+ TypeError - too many (any) arguments
+ Description:
+ This method returns the underlying socket id used to connect
+ to the database. This is useful for use in select calls, etc.
+ Note: This function depends on having a recent version of the
+ database. See "-DNO_PQSOCKET" described above.
+
+
+ 2.2.5. getnotify - gets the last notify from the server
+ -------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: getnotify()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ tuple, None - last notify from server
+ Exceptions raised:
+ SyntaxError - too many parameters
+ pg.error - invalid connection
+ Description:
+ This methods try to get a notify from the server (from the SQL statement
+ NOTIFY). If the server returns no notify, the methods returns None.
+ Otherwise, it returns a tuple (couple) (relname, pid), where relname is the
+ name of the notify and pid the process id of the connection that triggered
+ the notify. Remember to do a listen query first otherwise getnotify
+ will always return None.
+
+ 2.2.6. inserttable - insert a list into a table
+ -----------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: inserttable(table, values)
+ Parameters:
+ table - the table name (string)
+ values - list of rows values (list)
+ Return type:
+ None
+ Exception raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection
+ TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
+ Description:
+ This method allow to quickly insert large blocks of data in a table: it
+ inserts the whole values list into the given table. The list is a list of
+ tuples/lists that define the values for each inserted row. The rows values
+ may contain string, integer, long or double (real) values.
+ BE VERY CAREFUL: this method doesn't typecheck the fields according to the
+ table definition; it just look whether or not it knows how to handle such
+ types.
+
+ 2.2.7. putline - writes a line to the server socket [DA]
+ --------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: putline(line)
+ Parameters:
+ line - line to be written (string)
+ Return type:
+ None
+ Exceptions raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection
+ TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
+ Description:
+ This method allows to directly write a string to the server socket.
+
+ 2.2.8. getline - gets a line from server socket [DA]
+ ----------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: getline()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ string - the line read
+ Exceptions raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection
+ SyntaxError - too many parameters
+ Description:
+ This method allows to directly read a string from the server socket.
+
+ 2.2.9. endcopy - synchronizes client and server [DA]
+ ----------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: endcopy()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ None
+ Exceptions raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection
+ SyntaxError - too many parameters
+ Description:
+ The use of direct access methods may desynchonize client and server. This
+ method ensure that client and server will be synchronized.
+
+ 2.2.10. locreate - creates of large object in the database [LO]
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: locreate(mode)
+ Parameters:
+ mode - large object create mode
+ Return type:
+ pglarge - object handling the postgres large object
+ Exceptions raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection, or creation error
+ TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
+ Description:
+ This method creates a large object in the database. The mode can be defined
+ by OR-ing the constants defined in the pg module (INV_READ, INV_WRITE and
+ INV_ARCHIVE). Please refer to PostgreSQL user manual for a description of
+ the mode values.
+
+ 2.2.11. getlo - builds a large object from given oid [LO]
+ ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: getlo(oid)
+ Parameters:
+ oid - oid of the existing large object (integer)
+ Return type:
+ pglarge - object handling the postgres large object
+ Exceptions raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection
+ TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
+ ValueError - bad oid value (0 is invalid_oid)
+ Description:
+ This method allows to reuse a formerly created large object through the
+ pglarge interface, providing the user have its oid.
+
+ 2.2.12. loimport - import a file to a postgres large object [LO]
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: loimport(name)
+ Parameters:
+ name - the name of the file to be imported (string)
+ Return type:
+ pglarge - object handling the postgres large object
+ Exceptions raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection, or error during file import
+ TypeError - bad argument type, or too many arguments
+ Description:
+ This methods allows to create large objects in a very simple way. You just
+ give the name of a file containing the data to be use.
+
+ 2.2.13. pgobject attributes
+ -----------------------------
+
+ Every pgobject defines a set of read-only attributes that describe the
+connection and its status. These attributes are:
+ host - the hostname of the server (string)
+ port - the port of the server (integer)
+ db - the selected database (string)
+ options - the connection options (string)
+ tty - the connection debug terminal (string)
+ user - the username on the database system (string)
+ status - the status of the connection (integer: 1 - OK, 0 - BAD)
+ error - the last warning/error message from the server (string)
+
+2.3. pglarge description
+--------------------------
+
+ This object handles all the request concerning a postgres large object. It
+embeds and hides all the 'recurrent' variables (object oid and connection),
+exactly in the same way pgobjects do, thus only keeping significant
+parameters in function calls. It keeps a reference to the pgobject used for
+its creation, sending requests though with its parameters. Any modification but
+dereferencing the pgobject will thus affect the pglarge object.
+Dereferencing the initial pgobject is not a problem since Python won't
+deallocate it before the large object dereference it.
+ All functions return a generic error message on call error, whatever the
+exact error was. The 'error' attribute of the object allow to get the exact
+error message.
+
+ 2.3.1. open - opens a large object
+ ----------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: open(mode)
+ Parameters:
+ mode - open mode definition (integer)
+ Return type:
+ None
+ Exceptions raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection
+ TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
+ IOError - already opened object, or open error
+ Description:
+ This method opens a large object for reading/writing, in the same way than
+ the UNIX open() function. The mode value can be obtained by OR-ing the
+ constants defined in the pgmodule (INV_READ, INV_WRITE).
+
+ 2.3.2. close - closes a large object
+ ------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: close()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ None
+ Exceptions raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection
+ SyntaxError - too many parameters
+ IOError - object is not opened, or close error
+ Description:
+ This method closes a previously opened large object, in the same way than
+ the UNIX close() function.
+
+ 2.3.4. read, write, tell, seek, unlink - file like large object handling
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: read(size)
+ Parameters:
+ size - maximal size of the buffer to be read
+ Return type:
+ sized string - the read buffer
+ Exceptions raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
+ TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
+ IOError - object is not opened, or read error
+ Description:
+ This function allows to read data from a large object, starting at current
+ position.
+
+ Syntax: write(string)
+ Parameters:
+ (sized) string - buffer to be written
+ Return type:
+ None
+ Exceptions raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
+ TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
+ IOError - object is not opened, or write error
+ Description:
+ This function allows to write data to a large object, starting at current
+ position.
+
+ Syntax: seek(offset, whence)
+ Parameters:
+ offset - position offset
+ whence - positional parameter
+ Return type:
+ integer - new position in object
+ Exception raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
+ TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
+ IOError - object is not opened, or seek error
+ Description:
+ This method allows to move the position cursor in the large object. The
+ whence parameter can be obtained by OR-ing the constants defined in the
+ pg module (SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END).
+
+ Syntax: tell()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ integer - current position in large object
+ Exception raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
+ SyntaxError - too many parameters
+ IOError - object is not opened, or seek error
+ Description:
+ This method allows to get the current position in the large object.
+
+ Syntax: unlink()
+ Parameter: none
+ Return type:
+ None
+ Exception raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
+ SyntaxError - too many parameters
+ IOError - object is not closed, or unlink error
+ Description:
+ This methods unlinks (deletes) the postgres large object.
+
+ 2.3.5. size - gives the large object size
+ -----------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: size()
+ Parameters: none
+ Return type:
+ integer - large object size
+ Exceptions raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
+ SyntaxError - too many parameters
+ IOError - object is not opened, or seek/tell error
+ Description:
+ This (composite) method allows to get the size of a large object. Currently
+ the large object needs to be opened. It was implemented because this
+ function is very useful for a WWW interfaced database.
+
+ 2.3.6. export - saves a large object to a file
+ ----------------------------------------------
+
+ Syntax: export(name)
+ Parameters:
+ name - file to be created
+ Return type:
+ None
+ Exception raised:
+ pg.error - invalid connection or invalid object
+ TypeError - bad parameter type, or too many parameters
+ IOError - object is not closed, or export error
+ Description:
+ This methods allows to dump the content of a large object in a very simple
+ way. The exported file is created on the host of the program, not the
+ server host.
+
+ 2.3.7. Object attributes
+ ------------------------
+
+ pglarge objects define a read-only set of attributes that allow to get some
+information about it. These attributes are:
+ oid - the oid associated with the object
+ pgcnx - the pgobject associated with the object
+ error - the last warning/error message of the connection
+BE CAREFUL: in multithreaded environments, 'error' may be modified by another
+thread using the same pgobject. Remember these object are shared, not
+duplicated. You should provide some locking to be able if you want to check
+this.
+ The oid attribute is very interesting because it allow you reuse the oid
+later, creating the pglarge object with a pgobject getlo() method call.
+
+
+3. The pg wrapper
+================
+
+The previous functions are wrapped in a module called pg. The module
+has a class called DB. The above functions are also included in the
+name space so it isn't necessary to import both modules. The preferred
+way to use this module is as follows.
+
+from pg import DB
+db = DB(...) # See description of the initialization method below.
+
+The following describes the methods and variables of this class.
+
+
+ 3.1. Initialization
+ -------------------
+ The DB class is initialized with the same arguments as the connect
+ method described in section 2. It also initializes a few internal
+ variables. The statement 'db = DB()' will open the local database
+ with the name of the user just like connect() does.
+
+ 3.2. pkey
+ ---------
+ Syntax:
+ pkey(table)
+ Parameters:
+ table - name of table
+ Returns:
+ Name of field which is the primary key of the table.
+ Description:
+ This method returns the primary key of a table. Note that this raises
+ an exception if the table doesn't have a primary key. Further, in the
+ currently released implementation of PostgreSQL the 'PRIMARY KEY' syntax
+ doesn't actually fill in the necessary tables to determine primary keys.
+ You can do this yourself with the following query.
+
+ # Set up table and primary_field variables...
+
+ """UPDATE pg_index SET indisprimary = 't'
+ WHERE pg_index.oid in (SELECT pg_index.oid
+ FROM pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_index
+ WHERE pg_class.oid = pg_attribute.attrelid AND
+ pg_class.oid = pg_index.indrelid AND
+ pg_index.indkey[0] = pg_attribute.attnum AND
+ pg_class.relname = '%(table)s' AND
+ pg_attribute.attname = '%(primary_field)');""" % locals()
+
+ This will be fixed in the upcoming 6.5 release of PostgreSQL or
+ you can download the current sources now. Downloading current
+ is, as usual, at your own risk.
+
+ 3.3. get_databases - get list of databases in the system
+ --------------------------------------------------------
+ Syntax: get_databases()
+ Parameters: none
+ Returns: list of databases in the system
+ Description:
+ Although you can do this with a simple select, it is added here for
+ convenience
+
+ 3.4. get_tables - get list of tables in connected database
+ ----------------------------------------------------------
+ Syntax: get_tables()
+ Parameters: none
+ Returns: list of tables in connected database
+
+ 3.5. get_attnames
+ -----------------
+ Syntax:
+ get_attnames(table)
+ Parameters:
+ table - name of table
+ Returns:
+ List of attribute names
+ Description:
+ Given the name of a table, digs out the list of attribute names.
+
+ 3.6. get - get a tuple from a database table
+ --------------------------------------------
+ Syntax:
+ get(table, arg, [keyname])
+ Parameters:
+ table - name of table
+ arg - either a dictionary or the value to be looked up
+ keyname - name of field to use as key (optional)
+ Returns:
+ A dictionary mapping attribute names to row values.
+ Description:
+ This method is the basic mechanism to get a single row. It assumes
+ that the key specifies a unique row. If keyname is not specified
+ then the primary key for the table is used. If arg is a dictionary
+ then the value for the key is taken from it and it is modified to
+ include the new values, replacing existing values where necessary.
+ The oid is also put into the dictionary but in order to allow the
+ caller to work with multiple tables, the attribute name is munged
+ to make it unique. It consists of the string "oid_" followed by
+ the name of the table.
+
+
+ 3.7. insert - insert a tuple into a database table
+ --------------------------------------------------
+ Syntax:
+ insert(table, a)
+ Parameters:
+ table - name of table
+ a - a dictionary of values
+ Returns:
+ The OID of the newly inserted row.
+ Description:
+ This method inserts values into the table specified filling in the
+ values from the dictionary. It then reloads the dictionary with the
+ values from the database. This causes the dictionary to be updated
+ with values that are modified by rules, triggers, etc.
+
+
+ 3.8. update
+ -----------
+ Syntax:
+ update(table, a)
+ Parameters:
+ table - name of table
+ a - a dictionary of values
+ Returns:
+ A dictionary with the new row
+ Description:
+ Similar to insert but updates an existing row. The update is based
+ on the OID value as munged by get. The array returned is the
+ one sent modified to reflect any changes caused by the update due
+ to triggers, rules, defaults, etc.
+
+ 3.9. clear
+ ----------
+ Syntax:
+ clear(table, [a])
+ Parameters:
+ table - name of table
+ a - a dictionary of values
+ Returns:
+ A dictionary with an empty row
+ Description:
+ This method clears all the attributes to values determined by the types.
+ Numeric types are set to 0, dates are set to 'TODAY' and everything
+ else is set to the empty string. If the array argument is present,
+ it is used as the array and any entries matching attribute names
+ are cleared with everything else left unchanged.
+
+ 3.8. delete
+ -----------
+ Syntax:
+ delete(table, a)
+ Parameters:
+ table - name of table
+ a - a dictionary of values
+ Returns:
+ None
+ Description:
+ This method deletes the row from a table. It deletes based on the OID
+ as munged as described above.
+
+
+4. Future directions
+====================
+
+The large object and direct access functions need much more attention.
+
+I want to add a DB-SIG API wrapper around the underlying module. This
+will be in 3.0.
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+ * PyGres, version 2.2 A Python interface for PostgreSQL database. Written by
+ * D'Arcy J.M. Cain, (darcy@druid.net). Based heavily on code written by
+ * Pascal Andre, andre@chimay.via.ecp.fr. Copyright (c) 1995, Pascal Andre
+ * (andre@via.ecp.fr).
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+ * documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written
+ * agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and
+ * this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies or in
+ * any new file that contains a substantial portion of this file.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS,
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE
+ * AUTHOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE AUTHOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE
+ * AUTHOR HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES,
+ * ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ *
+ * Further modifications copyright 1997 by D'Arcy J.M. Cain (darcy@druid.net)
+ * subject to the same terms and conditions as above.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <libpq-fe.h>
+#include <libpq/libpq-fs.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/* really bad stuff here - I'm so naughty */
+/* If you need to you can run mkdefines to get */
+/* current defines but it should not have changed */
+#define INT2OID 21
+#define INT4OID 23
+#define OIDOID 26
+#define FLOAT4OID 700
+#define FLOAT8OID 701
+#define CASHOID 790
+
+static PyObject *PGError;
+static const char *PyPgVersion = "2.3";
+
+/* taken from fileobject.c */
+#define BUF(v) PyString_AS_STRING((PyStringObject *)(v))
+
+#define CHECK_OPEN 1
+#define CHECK_CLOSE 2
+
+#define MAX_BUFFER_SIZE 8192 /* maximum transaction size */
+
+#ifndef NO_DIRECT
+#define DIRECT_ACCESS 1 /* enables direct access functions */
+#endif /* NO_DIRECT */
+
+#ifndef NO_LARGE
+#define LARGE_OBJECTS 1 /* enables large objects support */
+#endif /* NO_LARGE */
+
+#ifndef NO_DEF_VAR
+#define DEFAULT_VARS 1 /* enables default variables use */
+#endif /* NO_DEF_VAR */
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* MODULE GLOBAL VARIABLES */
+
+#ifdef DEFAULT_VARS
+
+static PyObject *pg_default_host; /* default database host */
+static PyObject *pg_default_base; /* default database name */
+static PyObject *pg_default_opt; /* default connection options */
+static PyObject *pg_default_tty; /* default debug tty */
+static PyObject *pg_default_port; /* default connection port */
+static PyObject *pg_default_user; /* default username */
+static PyObject *pg_default_passwd; /* default password */
+
+#endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* OBJECTS DECLARATION */
+
+/* pg connection object */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+ PyObject_HEAD
+ int valid; /* validity flag */
+ PGconn *cnx; /* PostGres connection handle */
+} pgobject;
+
+staticforward PyTypeObject PgType;
+
+#define is_pgobject(v) ((v)->ob_type == &PgType)
+
+/* pg query object */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+ PyObject_HEAD
+ PGresult *last_result; /* last result content */
+} pgqueryobject;
+
+staticforward PyTypeObject PgQueryType;
+
+#define is_pgqueryobject(v) ((v)->ob_type == &PgQueryType)
+
+#ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS
+/* pg large object */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+ PyObject_HEAD
+ pgobject * pgcnx;
+ Oid lo_oid;
+ int lo_fd;
+} pglargeobject;
+
+staticforward PyTypeObject PglargeType;
+
+#define is_pglargeobject(v) ((v)->ob_type == &PglargeType)
+#endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* INTERNAL FUNCTIONS */
+
+#ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS
+/* validity check (large object) */
+static int
+check_lo(pglargeobject * self, int level)
+{
+ if (!self->lo_oid)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PGError, "object is not valid (null oid).");
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (level & CHECK_OPEN)
+ {
+ if (self->lo_fd < 0)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "object is not opened.");
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (level & CHECK_CLOSE)
+ {
+ if (self->lo_fd >= 0)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "object is already opened.");
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+#endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS
+/* PG CONNECTION OBJECT IMPLEMENTATION */
+
+/* pglargeobject initialisation (from pgobject) */
+
+/* creates large object */
+static PyObject *
+pg_locreate(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ int mode;
+ pglargeobject *npglo;
+
+ if (!self->cnx)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &mode))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "locreate(mode), with mode (integer).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ if ((npglo = PyObject_NEW(pglargeobject, &PglargeType)) == NULL)
+ return NULL;
+
+ npglo->pgcnx = self;
+ Py_XINCREF(self);
+ npglo->lo_fd = -1;
+ npglo->lo_oid = lo_creat(self->cnx, mode);
+
+ /* checks result validity */
+ if (npglo->lo_oid == 0)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PGError, "can't create large object.");
+ Py_XDECREF(npglo);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ return (PyObject *) npglo;
+}
+
+/* init from already known oid */
+static PyObject *
+pg_getlo(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ int lo_oid;
+ pglargeobject *npglo;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &lo_oid))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "loopen(oid), with oid (integer).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (!lo_oid)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "the object oid can't be null.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* creates object */
+ if ((npglo = PyObject_NEW(pglargeobject, &PglargeType)) == NULL)
+ return NULL;
+
+ npglo->pgcnx = self;
+ Py_XINCREF(self);
+ npglo->lo_fd = -1;
+ npglo->lo_oid = lo_oid;
+
+ return (PyObject *) npglo;
+}
+
+/* import unix file */
+static PyObject *
+pg_loimport(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ char *name;
+ pglargeobject *npglo;
+
+ if (!self->cnx)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "loimport(name), with name (string).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ if ((npglo = PyObject_NEW(pglargeobject, &PglargeType)) == NULL)
+ return NULL;
+
+ npglo->pgcnx = self;
+ Py_XINCREF(self);
+ npglo->lo_fd = -1;
+ npglo->lo_oid = lo_import(self->cnx, name);
+
+ /* checks result validity */
+ if (npglo->lo_oid == 0)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PGError, "can't create large object.");
+ Py_XDECREF(npglo);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ return (PyObject *) npglo;
+}
+
+/* pglargeobject methods */
+
+/* destructor */
+static void
+pglarge_dealloc(pglargeobject * self)
+{
+ if (self->lo_fd >= 0 && self->pgcnx->valid == 1)
+ lo_close(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd);
+
+ Py_XDECREF(self->pgcnx);
+ PyMem_DEL(self);
+}
+
+/* opens large object */
+static PyObject *
+pglarge_open(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ int mode, fd;
+
+ /* check validity */
+ if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_CLOSE))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &mode))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "open(mode), with mode(integer).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* opens large object */
+ if ((fd = lo_open(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_oid, mode)) < 0)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "can't open large object.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ self->lo_fd = fd;
+
+ /* no error : returns Py_None */
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+}
+
+/* close large object */
+static PyObject *
+pglarge_close(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method close() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks validity */
+ if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* closes large object */
+ if (lo_close(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while closing large object fd.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ self->lo_fd = -1;
+
+ /* no error : returns Py_None */
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+}
+
+/* reads from large object */
+static PyObject *
+pglarge_read(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ int size;
+ PyObject *buffer;
+
+ /* checks validity */
+ if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &size))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "read(size), wih size (integer).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (size <= 0)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "size must be positive.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* allocate buffer and runs read */
+ buffer = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *) NULL, size);
+
+ if ((size = lo_read(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, BUF(buffer), size)) < 0)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while reading.");
+ Py_XDECREF(buffer);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* resize buffer and returns it */
+ _PyString_Resize(&buffer, size);
+ return buffer;
+}
+
+/* write to large object */
+static PyObject *
+pglarge_write(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ char *buffer;
+ int size;
+
+ /* checks validity */
+ if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &buffer))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "write(buffer), with buffer (sized string).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* sends query */
+ if ((size = lo_write(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, buffer,
+ strlen(buffer))) < strlen(buffer))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "buffer truncated during write.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* no error : returns Py_None */
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+}
+
+/* go to position in large object */
+static PyObject *
+pglarge_lseek(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ int ret, offset, whence;
+
+ /* checks validity */
+ if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &offset, &whence))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "lseek(offset, whence), with offset and whence (integers).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* sends query */
+ if ((ret = lo_lseek(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, offset, whence)) == -1)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while moving cursor.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* returns position */
+ return PyInt_FromLong(ret);
+}
+
+/* gets large object size */
+static PyObject *
+pglarge_size(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ int start, end;
+
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method size() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks validity */
+ if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* gets current position */
+ if ((start = lo_tell(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd)) == -1)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while getting current position.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* gets end position */
+ if ((end = lo_lseek(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd, 0, SEEK_END)) == -1)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while getting end position.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* move back to start position */
+ if ((start = lo_lseek(self->pgcnx->cnx,self->lo_fd,start,SEEK_SET)) == -1)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError,
+ "error while moving back to first position.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* returns size */
+ return PyInt_FromLong(end);
+}
+
+/* gets large object cursor position */
+static PyObject *
+pglarge_tell(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ int start;
+
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method tell() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks validity */
+ if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_OPEN))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* gets current position */
+ if ((start = lo_tell(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_fd)) == -1)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while getting position.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* returns size */
+ return PyInt_FromLong(start);
+}
+
+/* exports large object as unix file */
+static PyObject *
+pglarge_export(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ char *name;
+
+ /* checks validity */
+ if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_CLOSE))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "export(filename), with filename (string).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* runs command */
+ if (!lo_export(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_oid, name))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while exporting large object.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+}
+
+/* deletes a large object */
+static PyObject *
+pglarge_unlink(pglargeobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method unlink() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks validity */
+ if (!check_lo(self, CHECK_CLOSE))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* deletes the object, invalidate it on success */
+ if (!lo_unlink(self->pgcnx->cnx, self->lo_oid))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "error while unlinking large object");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ self->lo_oid = 0;
+
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+}
+
+/* large object methods */
+static struct PyMethodDef pglarge_methods[] = {
+ {"open", (PyCFunction) pglarge_open, 1}, /* opens large object */
+ {"close", (PyCFunction) pglarge_close, 1},/* closes large object */
+ {"read", (PyCFunction) pglarge_read, 1}, /* reads from large object */
+ {"write", (PyCFunction) pglarge_write, 1},/* writes to large object */
+ {"seek", (PyCFunction) pglarge_lseek, 1},/* seeks position */
+ {"size", (PyCFunction) pglarge_size, 1}, /* gives object size */
+ {"tell", (PyCFunction) pglarge_tell, 1}, /* gives position in lobj */
+ {"export", (PyCFunction) pglarge_export, 1},/* exports to unix file */
+ {"unlink", (PyCFunction) pglarge_unlink, 1},/* deletes a large object */
+ {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
+};
+
+/* get attribute */
+static PyObject *
+pglarge_getattr(pglargeobject * self, char *name)
+{
+ /* list postgreSQL large object fields */
+
+ /* associated pg connection object */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "pgcnx"))
+ {
+ if (check_lo(self, 0))
+ {
+ Py_INCREF(self->pgcnx);
+ return (PyObject *) (self->pgcnx);
+ }
+
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+ }
+
+ /* large object oid */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "oid"))
+ {
+ if (check_lo(self, 0))
+ return PyInt_FromLong(self->lo_oid);
+
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+ }
+
+ /* error (status) message */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "error"))
+ return PyString_FromString(PQerrorMessage(self->pgcnx->cnx));
+
+ /* attributes list */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "__members__"))
+ {
+ PyObject *list = PyList_New(3);
+
+ if (list)
+ {
+ PyList_SetItem(list, 0, PyString_FromString("oid"));
+ PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyString_FromString("pgcnx"));
+ PyList_SetItem(list, 2, PyString_FromString("error"));
+ }
+
+ return list;
+ }
+
+ return Py_FindMethod(pglarge_methods, (PyObject *) self, name);
+}
+
+/* object type definition */
+staticforward PyTypeObject PglargeType = {
+ PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
+ 0, /* ob_size */
+ "pglarge", /* tp_name */
+ sizeof(pglargeobject), /* tp_basicsize */
+ 0, /* tp_itemsize */
+
+ /* methods */
+ (destructor) pglarge_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
+ 0, /* tp_print */
+ (getattrfunc) pglarge_getattr, /* tp_getattr */
+ 0, /* tp_setattr */
+ 0, /* tp_compare */
+ 0, /* tp_repr */
+ 0, /* tp_as_number */
+ 0, /* tp_as_sequence */
+ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */
+ 0, /* tp_hash */
+};
+
+#endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */
+
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* PG CONNECTION OBJECT IMPLEMENTATION */
+
+/* pgobject initialisation (from module) */
+
+static PyObject *
+pgconnect(pgobject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *dict)
+{
+ static const char *kwlist[] = { "dbname", "host", "port", "opt",
+ "tty", "user", "passwd" , NULL };
+ char *pghost, *pgopt, *pgtty, *pgdbname, *pguser, *pgpasswd;
+ int pgport;
+ char port_buffer[20];
+ pgobject *npgobj;
+
+ pghost = pgopt = pgtty = pgdbname = pguser = pgpasswd = NULL;
+ pgport = -1;
+
+ /* parses standard arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, dict, "|zzlzzzz", kwlist,
+ &pgdbname, &pghost, &pgport, &pgopt, &pgtty, &pguser, &pgpasswd))
+ return NULL;
+
+#ifdef DEFAULT_VARS
+ /* handles defaults variables (for unintialised vars) */
+ if ((!pghost) && (pg_default_host != Py_None))
+ pghost = PyString_AsString(pg_default_host);
+
+ if ((pgport == -1) && (pg_default_port != Py_None))
+ pgport = PyInt_AsLong(pg_default_port);
+
+ if ((!pgopt) && (pg_default_opt != Py_None))
+ pgopt = PyString_AsString(pg_default_opt);
+
+ if ((!pgtty) && (pg_default_tty != Py_None))
+ pgtty = PyString_AsString(pg_default_tty);
+
+ if ((!pgdbname) && (pg_default_base != Py_None))
+ pgdbname = PyString_AsString(pg_default_base);
+
+ if ((!pguser) && (pg_default_user != Py_None))
+ pguser = PyString_AsString(pg_default_user);
+
+ if ((!pgpasswd) && (pg_default_passwd != Py_None))
+ pgpasswd = PyString_AsString(pg_default_passwd);
+#endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */
+
+ if ((npgobj = PyObject_NEW(pgobject, &PgType)) == NULL)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (pgport != -1)
+ {
+ bzero(port_buffer, sizeof(port_buffer));
+ sprintf(port_buffer, "%d", pgport);
+ npgobj->cnx = PQsetdbLogin(pghost, port_buffer, pgopt, pgtty, pgdbname,
+ pguser, pgpasswd);
+ }
+ else
+ npgobj->cnx = PQsetdbLogin(pghost, NULL, pgopt, pgtty, pgdbname,
+ pguser, pgpasswd);
+
+ if (PQstatus(npgobj->cnx) == CONNECTION_BAD)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PGError, PQerrorMessage(npgobj->cnx));
+ Py_XDECREF(npgobj);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ return (PyObject *) npgobj;
+}
+
+/* pgobject methods */
+
+/* destructor */
+static void
+pg_dealloc(pgobject * self)
+{
+ if (self->cnx)
+ PQfinish(self->cnx);
+
+ PyMem_DEL(self);
+}
+
+/* close without deleting */
+static PyObject *
+pg_close(pgobject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ /* gets args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "close().");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (self->cnx)
+ PQfinish(self->cnx);
+
+ self->cnx = NULL;
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+}
+
+static void
+pg_querydealloc(pgqueryobject * self)
+{
+ if (self->last_result)
+ PQclear(self->last_result);
+
+ PyMem_DEL(self);
+}
+
+/* resets connection */
+static PyObject *
+pg_reset(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ if (!self->cnx)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method reset() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* resets the connection */
+ PQreset(self->cnx);
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+}
+
+/* get connection socket */
+static PyObject *
+pg_fileno(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ if (!self->cnx)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method fileno() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+#ifdef NO_PQSOCKET
+ return PyInt_FromLong((long) self->cnx->sock);
+#else
+ return PyInt_FromLong((long) PQsocket(self->cnx));
+#endif
+}
+
+/* list fields names from query result */
+static PyObject *
+pg_listfields(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ int i, n;
+ char *name;
+ PyObject *fieldstuple, *str;
+
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method listfields() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* builds tuple */
+ n = PQnfields(self->last_result);
+ fieldstuple = PyTuple_New(n);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+ {
+ name = PQfname(self->last_result, i);
+ str = PyString_FromString(name);
+ PyTuple_SetItem(fieldstuple, i, str);
+ }
+
+ return fieldstuple;
+}
+
+/* get field name from last result */
+static PyObject *
+pg_fieldname(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ int i;
+ char *name;
+
+ /* gets args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &i))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "fieldname(number), with number(integer).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks number validity */
+ if (i >= PQnfields(self->last_result))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid field number.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* gets fields name and builds object */
+ name = PQfname(self->last_result, i);
+ return PyString_FromString(name);
+}
+
+/* gets fields number from name in last result */
+static PyObject *
+pg_fieldnum(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ char *name;
+ int num;
+
+ /* gets args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &name))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "fieldnum(name), with name (string).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* gets field number */
+ if ((num = PQfnumber(self->last_result, name)) == -1)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Unknown field.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ return PyInt_FromLong(num);
+}
+
+/* retrieves last result */
+static PyObject *
+pg_getresult(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ PyObject *rowtuple, *reslist, *val;
+ int i, j, m, n, *typ;
+
+ /* checks args (args == NULL for an internal call) */
+ if ((args != NULL) && (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method getresult() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* stores result in tuple */
+ reslist = PyList_New(0);
+ m = PQntuples(self->last_result);
+ n = PQnfields(self->last_result);
+
+ if ((typ = malloc(sizeof(int) * n)) == NULL)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "memory error in getresult().");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
+ {
+ switch (PQftype(self->last_result, j))
+ {
+ case INT2OID:
+ case INT4OID:
+ case OIDOID:
+ typ[j] = 1;
+ break;
+
+ case FLOAT4OID:
+ case FLOAT8OID:
+ typ[j] = 2;
+ break;
+
+ case CASHOID:
+ typ[j] = 3;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ typ[j] = 4;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
+ {
+ rowtuple = PyTuple_New(n);
+ for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
+ {
+ char *s = PQgetvalue(self->last_result, i, j);
+ char cashbuf[64];
+
+ switch (typ[j])
+ {
+ case 1:
+ val = PyInt_FromLong(strtol(s, NULL, 10));
+ break;
+
+ case 2:
+ val = PyFloat_FromDouble(strtod(s, NULL));
+ break;
+
+ case 3: /* get rid of the '$' and commas */
+ if (*s == '$') /* there's talk of getting rid of it */
+ s++;
+
+ for (i = 0; *s; s++)
+ if (*s != ',')
+ cashbuf[i++] = *s;
+
+ cashbuf[i] = 0;
+ val = PyFloat_FromDouble(strtod(cashbuf, NULL));
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ val = PyString_FromString(s);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ PyTuple_SetItem(rowtuple, j, val);
+ }
+
+ PyList_Append(reslist, rowtuple);
+ Py_XDECREF(rowtuple);
+ }
+
+ free(typ);
+
+ /* returns list */
+ return reslist;
+}
+
+/* retrieves last result as a list of dictionaries*/
+static PyObject *
+pg_dictresult(pgqueryobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ PyObject *dict, *reslist, *val;
+ int i, j, m, n, *typ;
+
+ /* checks args (args == NULL for an internal call) */
+ if ((args != NULL) && (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method getresult() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* stores result in list */
+ reslist = PyList_New(0);
+ m = PQntuples(self->last_result);
+ n = PQnfields(self->last_result);
+
+ if ((typ = malloc(sizeof(int) * n)) == NULL)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError, "memory error in getresult().");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
+ {
+ switch (PQftype(self->last_result, j))
+ {
+ case INT2OID:
+ case INT4OID:
+ case OIDOID:
+ typ[j] = 1;
+ break;
+
+ case FLOAT4OID:
+ case FLOAT8OID:
+ typ[j] = 2;
+ break;
+
+ case CASHOID:
+ typ[j] = 3;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ typ[j] = 4;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
+ {
+ dict = PyDict_New();
+ for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
+ {
+ int k;
+ char *s = PQgetvalue(self->last_result, i, j);
+ char cashbuf[64];
+
+ switch (typ[j])
+ {
+ case 1:
+ val = PyInt_FromLong(strtol(s, NULL, 10));
+ break;
+
+ case 2:
+ val = PyFloat_FromDouble(strtod(s, NULL));
+ break;
+
+ case 3: /* get rid of the '$' and commas */
+ if (*s == '$') /* there's talk of getting rid of it */
+ s++;
+
+ for (k = 0; *s; s++)
+ if (*s != ',')
+ cashbuf[k++] = *s;
+
+ cashbuf[k] = 0;
+ val = PyFloat_FromDouble(strtod(cashbuf, NULL));
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ val = PyString_FromString(s);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, PQfname(self->last_result, j), val);
+ Py_XDECREF(val);
+ }
+
+ PyList_Append(reslist, dict);
+ Py_XDECREF(dict);
+ }
+
+ free(typ);
+
+ /* returns list */
+ return reslist;
+}
+
+/* getq asynchronous notify */
+static PyObject *
+pg_getnotify(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ PGnotify *notify;
+ PGresult *result;
+ PyObject *notify_result, *temp;
+
+ if (!self->cnx)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method getnotify() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* gets notify and builds result */
+ /* notifies only come back as result of a query, so I send an empty query */
+ result = PQexec(self->cnx, " ");
+
+ if ((notify = PQnotifies(self->cnx)) != NULL)
+ {
+ notify_result = PyTuple_New(2);
+ temp = PyString_FromString(notify->relname);
+ PyTuple_SetItem(notify_result, 0, temp);
+ temp = PyInt_FromLong(notify->be_pid);
+ PyTuple_SetItem(notify_result, 1, temp);
+ free(notify);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ notify_result = Py_None;
+ }
+
+ PQclear(result);
+
+ /* returns result */
+ return notify_result;
+}
+
+/* database query */
+static PyObject *
+pg_query(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ char *query;
+ PGresult *result;
+ pgqueryobject *npgobj;
+ int status;
+
+ if (!self->cnx)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* get query args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &query))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "query(sql), with sql (string).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* gets result */
+ result = PQexec(self->cnx, query);
+
+ /* checks result validity */
+ if (!result)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, PQerrorMessage(self->cnx));
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks result status */
+ if ((status = PQresultStatus(result)) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
+ {
+ const char *str;
+
+ PQclear(result);
+
+ switch (status)
+ {
+ case PGRES_EMPTY_QUERY:
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "empty query.");
+ break;
+ case PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE:
+ case PGRES_FATAL_ERROR:
+ case PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR:
+ PyErr_SetString(PGError, PQerrorMessage(self->cnx));
+ break;
+ case PGRES_COMMAND_OK: /* could be an INSERT */
+ if (*(str = PQoidStatus(result)) == 0) /* nope */
+ {
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+ }
+
+ /* otherwise, return the oid */
+ return PyInt_FromLong(strtol(str, NULL, 10));
+
+ case PGRES_COPY_OUT: /* no data will be received */
+ case PGRES_COPY_IN:
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+ default:
+ PyErr_SetString(PGError, "internal error: "
+ "unknown result status.");
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return NULL; /* error detected on query */
+ }
+
+ if ((npgobj = PyObject_NEW(pgqueryobject, &PgQueryType)) == NULL)
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* stores result and returns object */
+ npgobj->last_result = result;
+ return (PyObject *) npgobj;
+}
+
+#ifdef DIRECT_ACCESS
+/* direct acces function : putline */
+static PyObject *
+pg_putline(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ char *line;
+
+ if (!self->cnx)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* reads args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &line))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "putline(line), with line (string).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* sends line to backend */
+ PQputline(self->cnx, line);
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+}
+
+/* direct access function : getline */
+static PyObject *
+pg_getline(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ char line[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE];
+ PyObject *str = NULL; /* GCC */
+ int ret;
+
+ if (!self->cnx)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method getline() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* gets line */
+ switch (PQgetline(self->cnx, line, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE))
+ {
+ case 0:
+ str = PyString_FromString(line);
+ break;
+ case 1:
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "buffer overflow");
+ str = NULL;
+ break;
+ case EOF:
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ str = Py_None;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return str;
+}
+
+/* direct access function : end copy */
+static PyObject *
+pg_endcopy(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ if (!self->cnx)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method endcopy() takes no parameters.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* ends direct copy */
+ PQendcopy(self->cnx);
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+}
+#endif /* DIRECT_ACCESS */
+
+
+static PyObject *
+pg_print(pgqueryobject *self, FILE *fp, int flags)
+{
+ PQprintOpt op;
+
+ memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
+ op.align = 1;
+ op.header = 1;
+ op.fieldSep = "|";
+ op.pager = 1;
+ PQprint(fp, self->last_result, &op);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* insert table */
+static PyObject *
+pg_inserttable(pgobject * self, PyObject * args)
+{
+ PGresult *result;
+ char *table, *buffer, *temp;
+ char temp_buffer[256];
+ PyObject *list, *sublist, *item;
+ PyObject *(*getitem) (PyObject *, int);
+ PyObject *(*getsubitem) (PyObject *, int);
+ int i, j;
+
+ if (!self->cnx)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sO:filter", &table, &list))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "tableinsert(table, content), with table (string) "
+ "and content (list).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks list type */
+ if (PyTuple_Check(list))
+ getitem = PyTuple_GetItem;
+ else if (PyList_Check(list))
+ getitem = PyList_GetItem;
+ else
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "second arg must be some kind of array.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* checks sublists type */
+ for (i = 0; (sublist = getitem(list, i)) != NULL; i++)
+ {
+ if (!PyTuple_Check(sublist) && !PyList_Check(sublist))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "second arg must contain some kind of arrays.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* allocate buffer */
+ if (!(buffer = malloc(MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "can't allocate insert buffer.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* starts query */
+ sprintf(buffer, "copy %s from stdin", table);
+
+ if (!(result = PQexec(self->cnx, buffer)))
+ {
+ free(buffer);
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, PQerrorMessage(self->cnx));
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ PQclear(result);
+
+ /* feeds table */
+ for (i = 0; (sublist = getitem(list, i)) != NULL; i++)
+ {
+ if (PyTuple_Check(sublist))
+ getsubitem = PyTuple_GetItem;
+ else
+ getsubitem = PyList_GetItem;
+
+ /* builds insert line */
+ buffer[0] = 0;
+
+ for (j = 0; (item = getsubitem(sublist, j)) != NULL; j++)
+ {
+ /* converts item to string */
+ if (PyString_Check(item))
+ PyArg_ParseTuple(item, "s", &temp);
+ else if (PyInt_Check(item))
+ {
+ int k;
+
+ PyArg_ParseTuple(item, "i", &k);
+ sprintf(temp_buffer, "%d", k);
+ temp = temp_buffer;
+ }
+ else if (PyLong_Check(item))
+ {
+ long k;
+
+ PyArg_ParseTuple(item, "l", &k);
+ sprintf(temp_buffer, "%ld", k);
+ temp = temp_buffer;
+ }
+ else if (PyFloat_Check(item))
+ {
+ double k;
+
+ PyArg_ParseTuple(item, "d", &k);
+ sprintf(temp_buffer, "%g", k);
+ temp = temp_buffer;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ free(buffer);
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+ "items must be strings, integers, "
+ "longs or double (real).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* concats buffer */
+ if (strlen(buffer))
+ strncat(buffer, "\t", MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - strlen(buffer));
+
+ fprintf(stderr, "Buffer: '%s', Temp: '%s'\n", buffer, temp);
+ strncat(buffer, temp, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - strlen(buffer));
+ }
+
+ strncat(buffer, "\n", MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - strlen(buffer));
+
+ /* sends data */
+ PQputline(self->cnx, buffer);
+ }
+
+ /* ends query */
+ PQputline(self->cnx, ".\n");
+ PQendcopy(self->cnx);
+ free(buffer);
+
+ /* no error : returns nothing */
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ return Py_None;
+}
+
+/* connection object methods */
+static struct PyMethodDef pgobj_methods[] = {
+ {"query", (PyCFunction) pg_query, 1}, /* query method */
+ {"reset", (PyCFunction) pg_reset, 1}, /* connection reset */
+ {"close", (PyCFunction) pg_close, 1}, /* connection close */
+ {"fileno", (PyCFunction) pg_fileno,1}, /* connection socket */
+ {"getnotify", (PyCFunction) pg_getnotify, 1}, /* checks for notify */
+ {"inserttable", (PyCFunction) pg_inserttable, 1}, /* table insert */
+
+#ifdef DIRECT_ACCESS
+ {"putline", (PyCFunction) pg_putline, 1}, /* direct access: putline */
+ {"getline", (PyCFunction) pg_getline, 1}, /* direct access: getline */
+ {"endcopy", (PyCFunction) pg_endcopy, 1}, /* direct access: endcopy */
+#endif /* DIRECT_ACCESS */
+
+#ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS
+ {"locreate", (PyCFunction) pg_locreate, 1}, /* creates large object */
+ {"getlo", (PyCFunction) pg_getlo, 1}, /* get lo from oid */
+ {"loimport", (PyCFunction) pg_loimport, 1}, /* imports lo from file */
+#endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */
+
+ {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
+};
+
+/* get attribute */
+static PyObject *
+pg_getattr(pgobject * self, char *name)
+{
+ /* Although we could check individually, there are only a few
+ attributes that don't require a live connection and unless
+ someone has an urgent need, this will have to do */
+ if (!self->cnx)
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Connection is not valid");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* list postgreSQL connection fields */
+
+ /* postmaster host */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "host"))
+ {
+ char *r = PQhost(self->cnx);
+ return r ? PyString_FromString(r) : PyString_FromString("localhost");
+ }
+
+ /* postmaster port */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "port"))
+ return PyInt_FromLong(atol(PQport(self->cnx)));
+
+ /* selected database */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "db"))
+ return PyString_FromString(PQdb(self->cnx));
+
+ /* selected options */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "options"))
+ return PyString_FromString(PQoptions(self->cnx));
+
+ /* selected postgres tty */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "tty"))
+ return PyString_FromString(PQtty(self->cnx));
+
+ /* error (status) message */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "error"))
+ return PyString_FromString(PQerrorMessage(self->cnx));
+
+ /* connection status : 1 - OK, 0 - BAD */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "status"))
+ return PyInt_FromLong(PQstatus(self->cnx) == CONNECTION_OK ? 1 : 0);
+
+ /* provided user name */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "user"))
+ return PyString_FromString("Deprecated facility");
+ /* return PyString_FromString(fe_getauthname("<unknown user>")); */
+
+ /* attributes list */
+ if (!strcmp(name, "__members__"))
+ {
+ PyObject *list = PyList_New(8);
+
+ if (list)
+ {
+ PyList_SetItem(list, 0, PyString_FromString("host"));
+ PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyString_FromString("port"));
+ PyList_SetItem(list, 2, PyString_FromString("db"));
+ PyList_SetItem(list, 3, PyString_FromString("options"));
+ PyList_SetItem(list, 4, PyString_FromString("tty"));
+ PyList_SetItem(list, 5, PyString_FromString("error"));
+ PyList_SetItem(list, 6, PyString_FromString("status"));
+ PyList_SetItem(list, 7, PyString_FromString("user"));
+ }
+
+ return list;
+ }
+
+ return Py_FindMethod(pgobj_methods, (PyObject *) self, name);
+}
+
+/* object type definition */
+staticforward PyTypeObject PgType = {
+ PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
+ 0, /* ob_size */
+ "pgobject", /* tp_name */
+ sizeof(pgobject), /* tp_basicsize */
+ 0, /* tp_itemsize */
+ /* methods */
+ (destructor) pg_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
+ 0, /* tp_print */
+ (getattrfunc) pg_getattr, /* tp_getattr */
+ 0, /* tp_setattr */
+ 0, /* tp_compare */
+ 0, /* tp_repr */
+ 0, /* tp_as_number */
+ 0, /* tp_as_sequence */
+ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */
+ 0, /* tp_hash */
+};
+
+
+/* query object methods */
+static struct PyMethodDef pgquery_methods[] = {
+ {"getresult", (PyCFunction) pg_getresult, 1}, /* get last result */
+ {"dictresult", (PyCFunction) pg_dictresult, 1}, /* get result as dict*/
+ {"fieldname", (PyCFunction) pg_fieldname, 1}, /* get field name */
+ {"fieldnum", (PyCFunction) pg_fieldnum, 1}, /* get field number */
+ {"listfields", (PyCFunction) pg_listfields, 1}, /* list fields names */
+ {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
+};
+
+static PyObject *
+pg_querygetattr(pgqueryobject * self, char *name)
+{
+ /* list postgreSQL connection fields */
+ return Py_FindMethod(pgquery_methods, (PyObject *) self, name);
+}
+
+/* query type definition */
+staticforward PyTypeObject PgQueryType = {
+ PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
+ 0, /* ob_size */
+ "pgqueryobject", /* tp_name */
+ sizeof(pgqueryobject), /* tp_basicsize */
+ 0, /* tp_itemsize */
+ /* methods */
+ (destructor) pg_querydealloc,/* tp_dealloc */
+ (printfunc) pg_print, /* tp_print */
+ (getattrfunc) pg_querygetattr,/* tp_getattr */
+ 0, /* tp_setattr */
+ 0, /* tp_compare */
+ 0, /* tp_repr */
+ 0, /* tp_as_number */
+ 0, /* tp_as_sequence */
+ 0, /* tp_as_mapping */
+ 0, /* tp_hash */
+};
+
+
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* MODULE FUNCTIONS */
+
+#ifdef DEFAULT_VARS
+
+/* gets default host */
+static PyObject *
+pggetdefhost(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method get_defhost() takes no parameter.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ Py_XINCREF(pg_default_host);
+ return pg_default_host;
+}
+
+/* sets default host */
+static PyObject *
+pgsetdefhost(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ char *temp = NULL;
+ PyObject *old;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "set_defhost(name), with name (string/None).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* adjusts value */
+ old = pg_default_host;
+
+ if (temp)
+ pg_default_host = PyString_FromString(temp);
+ else
+ {
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ pg_default_host = Py_None;
+ }
+
+ return old;
+}
+
+/* gets default base */
+static PyObject *
+pggetdefbase(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method get_defbase() takes no parameter.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ Py_XINCREF(pg_default_base);
+ return pg_default_base;
+}
+
+/* sets default base */
+static PyObject *
+pgsetdefbase(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ char *temp = NULL;
+ PyObject *old;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "set_defbase(name), with name (string/None).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* adjusts value */
+ old = pg_default_base;
+
+ if (temp)
+ pg_default_base = PyString_FromString(temp);
+ else
+ {
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ pg_default_base = Py_None;
+ }
+
+ return old;
+}
+
+/* gets default options */
+static PyObject *
+pggetdefopt(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method get_defopt() takes no parameter.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ Py_XINCREF(pg_default_opt);
+ return pg_default_opt;
+}
+
+/* sets default opt */
+static PyObject *
+pgsetdefopt(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ char *temp = NULL;
+ PyObject *old;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "set_defopt(name), with name (string/None).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* adjusts value */
+ old = pg_default_opt;
+
+ if (temp)
+ pg_default_opt = PyString_FromString(temp);
+ else
+ {
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ pg_default_opt = Py_None;
+ }
+
+ return old;
+}
+
+/* gets default tty */
+static PyObject *
+pggetdeftty(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method get_deftty() takes no parameter.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ Py_XINCREF(pg_default_tty);
+ return pg_default_tty;
+}
+
+/* sets default tty */
+static PyObject *
+pgsetdeftty(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ char *temp = NULL;
+ PyObject *old;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "set_deftty(name), with name (string/None).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* adjusts value */
+ old = pg_default_tty;
+
+ if (temp)
+ pg_default_tty = PyString_FromString(temp);
+ else
+ {
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ pg_default_tty = Py_None;
+ }
+
+ return old;
+}
+
+/* gets default username */
+static PyObject *
+pggetdefuser(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method get_defuser() takes no parameter.");
+
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ Py_XINCREF(pg_default_user);
+ return pg_default_user;
+}
+
+/* sets default username */
+static PyObject *
+pgsetdefuser(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ char *temp = NULL;
+ PyObject *old;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "set_defuser(name), with name (string/None).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* adjusts value */
+ old = pg_default_user;
+
+ if (temp)
+ pg_default_user = PyString_FromString(temp);
+ else
+ {
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ pg_default_user = Py_None;
+ }
+
+ return old;
+}
+
+/* sets default password */
+static PyObject *
+pgsetdefpasswd(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ char *temp = NULL;
+ PyObject *old;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "z", &temp))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+ "set_defpasswd(password), with password (string/
+None).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* adjusts value */
+ old = pg_default_passwd;
+
+ if (temp)
+ pg_default_passwd = PyString_FromString(temp);
+ else
+ {
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ pg_default_passwd = Py_None;
+ }
+
+ return old;
+}
+
+/* gets default port */
+static PyObject *
+pggetdefport(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ /* checks args */
+ if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ""))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SyntaxError,
+ "method get_defport() takes no parameter.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ Py_XINCREF(pg_default_port);
+ return pg_default_port;
+}
+
+/* sets default port */
+static PyObject *
+pgsetdefport(PyObject * self, PyObject *args)
+{
+ long int port = -2;
+ PyObject *old;
+
+ /* gets arguments */
+ if ((!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "l", &port)) || (port < -1))
+ {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "set_defport(port), with port "
+ "(positive integer/-1).");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* adjusts value */
+ old = pg_default_port;
+
+ if (port != -1)
+ pg_default_port = PyLong_FromLong(port);
+ else
+ {
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+ pg_default_port = Py_None;
+ }
+
+ return old;
+}
+
+#endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */
+
+/* List of functions defined in the module */
+
+static struct PyMethodDef pg_methods[] = {
+ {"connect", (PyCFunction) pgconnect, 3}, /* connect to a database */
+
+#ifdef DEFAULT_VARS
+ {"get_defhost", pggetdefhost, 1}, /* gets default host */
+ {"set_defhost", pgsetdefhost, 1}, /* sets default host */
+ {"get_defbase", pggetdefbase, 1}, /* gets default base */
+ {"set_defbase", pgsetdefbase, 1}, /* sets default base */
+ {"get_defopt", pggetdefopt, 1}, /* gets default options */
+ {"set_defopt", pgsetdefopt, 1}, /* sets default options */
+ {"get_deftty", pggetdeftty, 1}, /* gets default debug tty */
+ {"set_deftty", pgsetdeftty, 1}, /* sets default debug tty */
+ {"get_defport", pggetdefport, 1}, /* gets default port */
+ {"set_defport", pgsetdefport, 1}, /* sets default port */
+ {"get_defuser", pggetdefuser, 1}, /* gets default user */
+ {"set_defuser", pgsetdefuser, 1}, /* sets default user */
+ {"set_defpasswd", pgsetdefpasswd, 1}, /* sets default passwd */
+#endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */
+ {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
+};
+
+static char pg__doc__[] = "Python interface to PostgreSQL DB";
+
+/* Initialization function for the module */
+void init_pg(void); /* Python doesn't prototype this */
+void
+init_pg(void)
+{
+ PyObject *mod, *dict, *v;
+
+ /* Initialize here because some WIN platforms get confused otherwise */
+ PglargeType.ob_type = PgType.ob_type = PgQueryType.ob_type = &PyType_Type;
+
+ /* Create the module and add the functions */
+ mod = Py_InitModule4("_pg", pg_methods, pg__doc__, NULL, PYTHON_API_VERSION);
+ dict = PyModule_GetDict(mod);
+
+ /* Add some symbolic constants to the module */
+ PGError = PyString_FromString("pg.error");
+ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "error", PGError);
+
+ /* Make the version available */
+ v = PyString_FromString(PyPgVersion);
+ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "version", v);
+ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__version__", v);
+ Py_DECREF(v);
+
+#ifdef LARGE_OBJECTS
+ /* create mode for large objects */
+ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "INV_READ", PyInt_FromLong(INV_READ));
+ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "INV_WRITE", PyInt_FromLong(INV_WRITE));
+
+ /* position flags for lo_lseek */
+ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "SEEK_SET", PyInt_FromLong(SEEK_SET));
+ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "SEEK_CUR", PyInt_FromLong(SEEK_CUR));
+ PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "SEEK_END", PyInt_FromLong(SEEK_END));
+#endif /* LARGE_OBJECTS */
+
+#ifdef DEFAULT_VARS
+ /* prepares default values */
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_host = Py_None;
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_base = Py_None;
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_opt = Py_None;
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_port = Py_None;
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_tty = Py_None;
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_user = Py_None;
+ Py_INCREF(Py_None); pg_default_passwd = Py_None;
+#endif /* DEFAULT_VARS */
+
+ /* Check for errors */
+ if (PyErr_Occurred())
+ Py_FatalError("can't initialize module _pg");
+}
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