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perf/hw_breakpoint: Optimize toggle_bp_slot() for CPU-independent task targets
authorMarco Elver <elver@google.com>
Mon, 29 Aug 2022 12:47:19 +0000 (14:47 +0200)
committerPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Tue, 30 Aug 2022 08:56:24 +0000 (10:56 +0200)
We can still see that a majority of the time is spent hashing task pointers:

    ...
    16.98%  [kernel]       [k] rhashtable_jhash2
    ...

Doing the bookkeeping in toggle_bp_slots() is currently O(#cpus),
calling task_bp_pinned() for each CPU, even if task_bp_pinned() is
CPU-independent. The reason for this is to update the per-CPU
'tsk_pinned' histogram.

To optimize the CPU-independent case to O(1), keep a separate
CPU-independent 'tsk_pinned_all' histogram.

The major source of complexity are transitions between "all
CPU-independent task breakpoints" and "mixed CPU-independent and
CPU-dependent task breakpoints". The code comments list all cases that
require handling.

After this optimization:

 | $> perf bench -r 100 breakpoint thread -b 4 -p 128 -t 512
 | # Running 'breakpoint/thread' benchmark:
 | # Created/joined 100 threads with 4 breakpoints and 128 parallelism
 |      Total time: 1.758 [sec]
 |
 |       34.336621 usecs/op
 |     4395.087500 usecs/op/cpu

    38.08%  [kernel]       [k] queued_spin_lock_slowpath
    10.81%  [kernel]       [k] smp_cfm_core_cond
     3.01%  [kernel]       [k] update_sg_lb_stats
     2.58%  [kernel]       [k] osq_lock
     2.57%  [kernel]       [k] llist_reverse_order
     1.45%  [kernel]       [k] find_next_bit
     1.21%  [kernel]       [k] flush_tlb_func_common
     1.01%  [kernel]       [k] arch_install_hw_breakpoint

Showing that the time spent hashing keys has become insignificant.

With the given benchmark parameters, that's an improvement of 12%
compared with the old O(#cpus) version.

And finally, using the less aggressive parameters from the preceding
changes, we now observe:

 | $> perf bench -r 30 breakpoint thread -b 4 -p 64 -t 64
 | # Running 'breakpoint/thread' benchmark:
 | # Created/joined 30 threads with 4 breakpoints and 64 parallelism
 |      Total time: 0.067 [sec]
 |
 |       35.292187 usecs/op
 |     2258.700000 usecs/op/cpu

Which is an improvement of 12% compared to without the histogram
optimizations (baseline is 40 usecs/op). This is now on par with the
theoretical ideal (constraints disabled), and only 12% slower than no
breakpoints at all.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220829124719.675715-15-elver@google.com
kernel/events/hw_breakpoint.c

index a489f31..7ef0e98 100644 (file)
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ static struct bp_cpuinfo *get_bp_info(int cpu, enum bp_type_idx type)
 
 /* Number of pinned CPU breakpoints globally. */
 static struct bp_slots_histogram cpu_pinned[TYPE_MAX];
+/* Number of pinned CPU-independent task breakpoints. */
+static struct bp_slots_histogram tsk_pinned_all[TYPE_MAX];
 
 /* Keep track of the breakpoints attached to tasks */
 static struct rhltable task_bps_ht;
@@ -200,6 +202,8 @@ static __init int init_breakpoint_slots(void)
        for (i = 0; i < TYPE_MAX; i++) {
                if (!bp_slots_histogram_alloc(&cpu_pinned[i], i))
                        goto err;
+               if (!bp_slots_histogram_alloc(&tsk_pinned_all[i], i))
+                       goto err;
        }
 
        return 0;
@@ -210,8 +214,10 @@ err:
                if (err_cpu == cpu)
                        break;
        }
-       for (i = 0; i < TYPE_MAX; i++)
+       for (i = 0; i < TYPE_MAX; i++) {
                bp_slots_histogram_free(&cpu_pinned[i]);
+               bp_slots_histogram_free(&tsk_pinned_all[i]);
+       }
 
        return -ENOMEM;
 }
@@ -245,6 +251,26 @@ bp_slots_histogram_max(struct bp_slots_histogram *hist, enum bp_type_idx type)
        return 0;
 }
 
+static int
+bp_slots_histogram_max_merge(struct bp_slots_histogram *hist1, struct bp_slots_histogram *hist2,
+                            enum bp_type_idx type)
+{
+       for (int i = hw_breakpoint_slots_cached(type) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+               const int count1 = atomic_read(&hist1->count[i]);
+               const int count2 = atomic_read(&hist2->count[i]);
+
+               /* Catch unexpected writers; we want a stable snapshot. */
+               ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(hist1->count[i]);
+               ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(hist2->count[i]);
+               if (count1 + count2 > 0)
+                       return i + 1;
+               WARN(count1 < 0, "inconsistent breakpoint slots histogram");
+               WARN(count2 < 0, "inconsistent breakpoint slots histogram");
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
 #ifndef hw_breakpoint_weight
 static inline int hw_breakpoint_weight(struct perf_event *bp)
 {
@@ -273,7 +299,7 @@ static unsigned int max_task_bp_pinned(int cpu, enum bp_type_idx type)
         * toggle_bp_task_slot() to tsk_pinned, and we get a stable snapshot.
         */
        lockdep_assert_held_write(&bp_cpuinfo_sem);
-       return bp_slots_histogram_max(tsk_pinned, type);
+       return bp_slots_histogram_max_merge(tsk_pinned, &tsk_pinned_all[type], type);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -367,39 +393,21 @@ max_bp_pinned_slots(struct perf_event *bp, enum bp_type_idx type)
 }
 
 /*
- * Add a pinned breakpoint for the given task in our constraint table
- */
-static void toggle_bp_task_slot(struct perf_event *bp, int cpu,
-                               enum bp_type_idx type, int weight)
-{
-       struct bp_slots_histogram *tsk_pinned = &get_bp_info(cpu, type)->tsk_pinned;
-
-       /*
-        * If bp->hw.target, tsk_pinned is only modified, but not used
-        * otherwise. We can permit concurrent updates as long as there are no
-        * other uses: having acquired bp_cpuinfo_sem as a reader allows
-        * concurrent updates here. Uses of tsk_pinned will require acquiring
-        * bp_cpuinfo_sem as a writer to stabilize tsk_pinned's value.
-        */
-       lockdep_assert_held_read(&bp_cpuinfo_sem);
-       bp_slots_histogram_add(tsk_pinned, task_bp_pinned(cpu, bp, type), weight);
-}
-
-/*
  * Add/remove the given breakpoint in our constraint table
  */
 static int
-toggle_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp, bool enable, enum bp_type_idx type,
-              int weight)
+toggle_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp, bool enable, enum bp_type_idx type, int weight)
 {
-       const struct cpumask *cpumask = cpumask_of_bp(bp);
-       int cpu;
+       int cpu, next_tsk_pinned;
 
        if (!enable)
                weight = -weight;
 
-       /* Pinned counter cpu profiling */
        if (!bp->hw.target) {
+               /*
+                * Update the pinned CPU slots, in per-CPU bp_cpuinfo and in the
+                * global histogram.
+                */
                struct bp_cpuinfo *info = get_bp_info(bp->cpu, type);
 
                lockdep_assert_held_write(&bp_cpuinfo_sem);
@@ -408,9 +416,91 @@ toggle_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp, bool enable, enum bp_type_idx type,
                return 0;
        }
 
-       /* Pinned counter task profiling */
-       for_each_cpu(cpu, cpumask)
-               toggle_bp_task_slot(bp, cpu, type, weight);
+       /*
+        * If bp->hw.target, tsk_pinned is only modified, but not used
+        * otherwise. We can permit concurrent updates as long as there are no
+        * other uses: having acquired bp_cpuinfo_sem as a reader allows
+        * concurrent updates here. Uses of tsk_pinned will require acquiring
+        * bp_cpuinfo_sem as a writer to stabilize tsk_pinned's value.
+        */
+       lockdep_assert_held_read(&bp_cpuinfo_sem);
+
+       /*
+        * Update the pinned task slots, in per-CPU bp_cpuinfo and in the global
+        * histogram. We need to take care of 4 cases:
+        *
+        *  1. This breakpoint targets all CPUs (cpu < 0), and there may only
+        *     exist other task breakpoints targeting all CPUs. In this case we
+        *     can simply update the global slots histogram.
+        *
+        *  2. This breakpoint targets a specific CPU (cpu >= 0), but there may
+        *     only exist other task breakpoints targeting all CPUs.
+        *
+        *     a. On enable: remove the existing breakpoints from the global
+        *        slots histogram and use the per-CPU histogram.
+        *
+        *     b. On disable: re-insert the existing breakpoints into the global
+        *        slots histogram and remove from per-CPU histogram.
+        *
+        *  3. Some other existing task breakpoints target specific CPUs. Only
+        *     update the per-CPU slots histogram.
+        */
+
+       if (!enable) {
+               /*
+                * Remove before updating histograms so we can determine if this
+                * was the last task breakpoint for a specific CPU.
+                */
+               int ret = rhltable_remove(&task_bps_ht, &bp->hw.bp_list, task_bps_ht_params);
+
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       /*
+        * Note: If !enable, next_tsk_pinned will not count the to-be-removed breakpoint.
+        */
+       next_tsk_pinned = task_bp_pinned(-1, bp, type);
+
+       if (next_tsk_pinned >= 0) {
+               if (bp->cpu < 0) { /* Case 1: fast path */
+                       if (!enable)
+                               next_tsk_pinned += hw_breakpoint_weight(bp);
+                       bp_slots_histogram_add(&tsk_pinned_all[type], next_tsk_pinned, weight);
+               } else if (enable) { /* Case 2.a: slow path */
+                       /* Add existing to per-CPU histograms. */
+                       for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+                               bp_slots_histogram_add(&get_bp_info(cpu, type)->tsk_pinned,
+                                                      0, next_tsk_pinned);
+                       }
+                       /* Add this first CPU-pinned task breakpoint. */
+                       bp_slots_histogram_add(&get_bp_info(bp->cpu, type)->tsk_pinned,
+                                              next_tsk_pinned, weight);
+                       /* Rebalance global task pinned histogram. */
+                       bp_slots_histogram_add(&tsk_pinned_all[type], next_tsk_pinned,
+                                              -next_tsk_pinned);
+               } else { /* Case 2.b: slow path */
+                       /* Remove this last CPU-pinned task breakpoint. */
+                       bp_slots_histogram_add(&get_bp_info(bp->cpu, type)->tsk_pinned,
+                                              next_tsk_pinned + hw_breakpoint_weight(bp), weight);
+                       /* Remove all from per-CPU histograms. */
+                       for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+                               bp_slots_histogram_add(&get_bp_info(cpu, type)->tsk_pinned,
+                                                      next_tsk_pinned, -next_tsk_pinned);
+                       }
+                       /* Rebalance global task pinned histogram. */
+                       bp_slots_histogram_add(&tsk_pinned_all[type], 0, next_tsk_pinned);
+               }
+       } else { /* Case 3: slow path */
+               const struct cpumask *cpumask = cpumask_of_bp(bp);
+
+               for_each_cpu(cpu, cpumask) {
+                       next_tsk_pinned = task_bp_pinned(cpu, bp, type);
+                       if (!enable)
+                               next_tsk_pinned += hw_breakpoint_weight(bp);
+                       bp_slots_histogram_add(&get_bp_info(cpu, type)->tsk_pinned,
+                                              next_tsk_pinned, weight);
+               }
+       }
 
        /*
         * Readers want a stable snapshot of the per-task breakpoint list.
@@ -419,8 +509,8 @@ toggle_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp, bool enable, enum bp_type_idx type,
 
        if (enable)
                return rhltable_insert(&task_bps_ht, &bp->hw.bp_list, task_bps_ht_params);
-       else
-               return rhltable_remove(&task_bps_ht, &bp->hw.bp_list, task_bps_ht_params);
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
 __weak int arch_reserve_bp_slot(struct perf_event *bp)
@@ -850,6 +940,9 @@ bool hw_breakpoint_is_used(void)
                         */
                        if (WARN_ON(atomic_read(&cpu_pinned[type].count[slot])))
                                return true;
+
+                       if (atomic_read(&tsk_pinned_all[type].count[slot]))
+                               return true;
                }
        }