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+ndk.date=May 2009
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+
+page.title=Android 1.5 NDK, Release 1
+@jd:body
+
+<h2>What is the NDK?</h2>
+
+<p>The Android 1.5 NDK provides tools that allow Android application developers
+to embed and deploy native code within their Android applications. It
+provides:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>A set of tools and build files used to generate native code libraries from C
+and C++ sources</li>
+<li>A way to embed the corresponding native libraries into application package
+files (.apks) that can be deployed on Android devices</li>
+<li>A set of native system headers and libraries that will be supported in all
+future versions of the Android platform, starting from Android 1.5 </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>This release of the NDK release supports the ARMv5TE machine instruction set
+and provides stable headers for libc (the C library), libm (the Math library)
+and the JNI interface.</p>
+
+<p>Using the NDK may not be relevant for all Android applications. As a
+developer, you will need to balance its benefits (faster execution) and its
+drawbacks (no portability, JNI overhead, no access to system libraries, and
+difficult debugging). Typical good candidates for the NDK are CPU-intensive
+operations that don't allocate too much memory, such as signal processing,
+physics simulation, custom bytecode/instruction interpreters, and so on.</p>
+
+<p>Please note that the NDK <em>does not</em> enable you to develop native-only
+applications. Android's primary runtime remains the Dalvik virtual machine.</p>
+
+<h2 id="contents">Contents of the NDK</h2>
+
+<h4>Development tools</h4>
+
+<p>The NDK includes a set of cross-toolchains (compilers, linkers, etc..) that
+can generate native ARM binaries on Linux, OS X, and Windows (with Cygwin)
+platforms.</p>
+
+<p>It provides a set of system headers for stable native APIs that are
+guaranteed to be supported in all later releases of the platform:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>libc (C library) headers</li>
+<li>libm (Math library) headers</li>
+<li>JNI interface headers</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The NDK also provides a build system that lets you work efficiently with your
+sources, without having to handle the toolchain/platform/CPU/ABI details. You
+create very short build files to describe which sources to compile and which
+Android application will use them — the build system compiles the sources
+and places the shared libraries directly in your application project. </p>
+
+<p class="caution"><strong>Important:</strong> With the exception of the
+libraries listed above, native system libraries in the Android 1.5 platform are
+<em>not</em> stable and may change in future platform versions.
+Your applications should <em>only</em> make use of the stable native system
+libraries provided in this NDK. </p>
+
+<h4>Documentation</h4>
+
+<p>The NDK package includes a set of documentation that describes the
+capabilities of the NDK and how to use it to create shared libraries for your
+Android applications. In this release, the documentation is provided only in the
+downloadable NDK package. You can find the documentation in the
+<code><ndk>/docs/</code> directory. Included are these files:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>INSTALL.TXT — describes how to install the NDK and configure it for
+your host system</li>
+<li>OVERVIEW.TXT — provides an overview of the NDK capabilities and
+usage</li>
+<li>ANDROID-MK.TXT — describes the use of the Android.mk file, which
+defines the native sources you want to compile</li>
+<li>APPLICATION-MK.TXT — describes the use of the Application.mk file,
+which describes the native sources required by your Android application</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>Sample applications</h4>
+
+<p>The NDK includes two sample Android applications that illustrate how to use
+native code in your Android applications:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><code>hello-jni</code> — A simple application that loads a string from
+a native method implemented in a shared library and then displays it in the
+application UI. </li>
+<li><code>two-libs</code> — A simple application that loads a shared
+library dynamically and calls a native method provided by the library. In this
+case, the method is implemented in a static library that is imported by the
+shared library. </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For more information, see <a href="#samples">Using the Sample
+Applications</a>.</p>
+
+<h2 id="requirements">System and Software Requirements</h2>
+
+<p>The sections below describe the system and software requirements for using
+the Android NDK, as well as platform compatibility considerations that affect
+appplications using libraries produced with the NDK. </p>
+
+<h4>The Android SDK</h4>
+<ul>
+ <li>A complete Android SDK installation (including all dependencies) is
+required.</li>
+ <li>Android 1.5 SDK or later version is required.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>Supported operating systems</h4>
+<ul>
+ <li>Windows XP (32-bit) or Vista (32- or 64-bit)</li>
+ <li>Mac OS X 10.4.8 or later (x86 only)</li>
+ <li>Linux (32- or 64-bit, tested on Linux Ubuntu Dapper Drake)</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>Required development tools</h4>
+<ul>
+ <li>For all development platforms, GNU Make 3.81 or later is required. Earlier
+versions of GNU Make might work but have not been tested.</li>
+ <li>For Windows, a recent release of <a
+href="http://www.cygwin.com">Cygwin</a> is required.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>Android platform compatibility</h4>
+<ul>
+ <li>The native libraries created by the Android NDK can only be used on
+devices running the Android 1.5 platform version or later. This is due to subtle
+toolchain and ABI related changes that make the native libraries incompatible
+with 1.0 and 1.1 system images.</li>
+ <li>For this reason, you should use native libraries produced with the NDK in
+applications that are deployable to devices running the Android 1.5 platform
+version or later. To ensure compatibility, an application using a native library
+produced with the NDK must declare a <code><uses-library></code> element
+in its manifest file, with the attribute
+<code>android:minSdkVersion="3"</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="installing">Installing the NDK</h2>
+
+<p>Installing the NDK on your development computer is straightforward and
+involves extracting the NDK from its download package and running a host-setup
+script. </p>
+
+<p>Before you get started make sure that you have downloaded the latest <a
+href="{@docRoot}sdk/index.html">Android SDK</a> and upgraded your applications
+and environment as needed. The NDK will not work with older versions of the
+Android SDK. Also, take a moment to review the <a href="#requirements">System
+and Software Requirements</a> for the NDK, if you haven't already. </p>
+
+<p>To install the NDK, follow these steps:</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li>From the table at the top of this page, select the NDK package that is
+appropriate for your development computer and download the package.</li>
+<li>Uncompress the NDK download package using tools available on your computer.
+When uncompressed, the NDK files are contained in a directory called
+<code>android-ndk-<version></code>. You can rename the NDK directory if
+necessary and you can move it to any location on your computer. This
+documentation refers to the NDK directory as <code><ndk></code>. </li>
+<li>Open a terminal, change to the NDK directory, and run the host-setup script.
+The script sets up your environment and generates a host configuration file used
+later, when building your shared libraries. The path to the host-setup script
+is:
+
+<p><code><ndk>/build/host-setup.sh</code></p>
+
+<p>If the script completes successfully, it prints a "Host setup complete."
+message. If it fails, it prints instructions that you can follow to correct any
+problems. </p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>Once you have run the host-setup script, you are ready start working with the
+NDK. </p>
+
+<h2 id="gettingstarted">Getting Started with the NDK</h2>
+
+<p>Once you've installed the NDK successfully, take a few minutes to read the
+documentation included in the NDK. You can find the documentation in the
+<code><ndk>/docs/</code> directory. In particular, please read the
+OVERVIEW.TXT document completely, so that you understand the intent of the NDK
+and how to use it.</p>
+
+<p>Here's the general outline of how you work with the NDK tools:</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li>Place your native sources under
+<code><ndk>/sources/<my_src>/...</code>. If you want, you can place
+a symlink to your sources, rather than the sources themselves. The sources you
+reference here are not strictly associated with a specific shared library or
+Android application. Instead, they are accessible to any build configuration and
+can be used to produce any number of shared libraries that can be used by any
+Android application.</li>
+<li>Create <code><ndk>/sources/<my_src>/Android.mk</code> to
+describe your native sources to the NDK build system</li>
+<li>Create <code><ndk>/apps/<my_app>/Application.mk</code> to
+describe your Android application and native sources it needs to the NDK build
+system. This file sets up the link between an Android SDK application project
+and any number of shared libraries defined in the
+<code><ndk>/sources/</code> folder and it specifies the path to the
+application project that will receive the shared library built from the
+sources.</li>
+<li>Build your native code by running this make command from the top-level NDK
+directory:
+
+<p><code>$ make APP=<my_app></code></p>
+
+<p>The build tools copy the stripped, shared libraries needed by your
+application to the proper location in the application's project directory.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>Finally, compile your application using the SDK tools in the usual way. The
+SDK build tools will package the shared libraries in the application's
+deployable .apk file. </p></li>
+
+</ol>
+
+<p>For complete information on all of the steps listed above, please see the
+documentation included with the NDK package. </p>
+
+
+<h2 id="samples">Using the Sample Applications</h2>
+
+<p>The NDK includes two sample applications that illustrate how to use native
+code in your Android applications:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><code>hello-jni</code> — A simple application that loads a string from
+a native method implemented in a shared library and then displays it in the
+application UI. </li>
+<li><code>two-libs</code> — A simple application that loads a shared
+library dynamically and calls a native method provided by the library. In this
+case, the method is implemented in a static library imported by the shared
+library. </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For each sample, the NDK includes an Android application project, as well as
+the corresponding C source code and the necessary Android.mk and Application.mk
+files. The application projects are provided in
+<code><ndk>/apps/<app_name>/project/</code> and the C source for
+each application is provided in
+<code><ndk>/sources/samples/<library>/</code>.</p>
+
+<p>Once you have installed the NDK, you can build the shared libraries from the
+NDK by using these commands from the root of the NDK directory:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>$ make APP=hello-jni</code> — compiles
+<code><ndk>/sources/samples/hello-jni/hello-jni.c</code> and outputs a
+shared library to
+<code><ndk>/apps/hello-jni/project/libs/armeabi/libhello-jni.so</code>.
+</li>
+<li><code>$ make APP=two-libs</code> — compiles
+<code><ndk>/sources/samples/two-libs/second.c</code> and
+<code>first.c</code> and outputs a shared library to
+<code><ndk>/apps/two-libs/project/libs/armeabi/libtwolib-second.so</code>.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Next, build the sample Android applications that use the shared
+libraries:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>If you are developing in Eclipse with ADT, use the New Project Wizard to
+create a new Android project for each sample, using the "Import from Existing
+Source" option and importing the source from
+<code><ndk>/apps/<app_name>/project/</code>. Then, set up an AVD, if
+necessary, and build/run the application in the emulator. For more information
+about creating a new Android project in Eclipse, see <a
+href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/eclipse-adt.html">Developing in
+Eclipse</a>.</li>
+<li>If you are developing with Ant, use the <code>android</code> tool to create
+the build file for each of the sample projects at
+<code><ndk>/apps/<app_name>/project/</code>. Then set up an AVD, if
+necessary, build your project in the usual way, and run it in the emulator.
+For more information, see <a
+href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/other-ide.html">Developing in Other
+IDEs</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2>Discussion Forum and Mailing List</h2>
+
+<p>If you have questions about the NDK or would like to read or contribute to
+discussions about it, please visit the <a
+href="http://groups.google.com/group/android-ndk">android-ndk</a> group and
+mailing list.</p>
+
+
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