bpf: Add bpf_refcount_acquire kfunc

bpf: Add bpf_refcount_acquire kfunc

Currently, BPF programs can interact with the lifetime of refcounted
local kptrs in the following ways:

  bpf_obj_new  - Initialize refcount to 1 as part of new object creation
  bpf_obj_drop - Decrement refcount and free object if it's 0
  collection add - Pass ownership to the collection. No change to
                   refcount but collection is responsible for
		   bpf_obj_dropping it

In order to be able to add a refcounted local kptr to multiple
collections we need to be able to increment the refcount and acquire a
new owning reference. This patch adds a kfunc, bpf_refcount_acquire,
implementing such an operation.

bpf_refcount_acquire takes a refcounted local kptr and returns a new
owning reference to the same underlying memory as the input. The input
can be either owning or non-owning. To reinforce why this is safe,
consider the following code snippets:

  struct node *n = bpf_obj_new(typeof(*n)); // A
  struct node *m = bpf_refcount_acquire(n); // B

In the above snippet, n will be alive with refcount=1 after (A), and
since nothing changes that state before (B), it's obviously safe. If
n is instead added to some rbtree, we can still safely refcount_acquire
it:

  struct node *n = bpf_obj_new(typeof(*n));
  struct node *m;

  bpf_spin_lock(&glock);
  bpf_rbtree_add(&groot, &n->node, less);   // A
  m = bpf_refcount_acquire(n);              // B
  bpf_spin_unlock(&glock);

In the above snippet, after (A) n is a non-owning reference, and after
(B) m is an owning reference pointing to the same memory as n. Although
n has no ownership of that memory's lifetime, it's guaranteed to be
alive until the end of the critical section, and n would be clobbered if
we were past the end of the critical section, so it's safe to bump
refcount.

Implementation details:

* From verifier's perspective, bpf_refcount_acquire handling is similar
  to bpf_obj_new and bpf_obj_drop. Like the former, it returns a new
  owning reference matching input type, although like the latter, type
  can be inferred from concrete kptr input. Verifier changes in
  {check,fixup}_kfunc_call and check_kfunc_args are largely copied from
  aforementioned functions' verifier changes.

* An exception to the above is the new KF_ARG_PTR_TO_REFCOUNTED_KPTR
  arg, indicated by new "__refcounted_kptr" kfunc arg suffix. This is
  necessary in order to handle both owning and non-owning input without
  adding special-casing to "__alloc" arg handling. Also a convenient
  place to confirm that input type has bpf_refcount field.

* The implemented kfunc is actually bpf_refcount_acquire_impl, with
  'hidden' second arg that the verifier sets to the type's struct_meta
  in fixup_kfunc_call.

Signed-off-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230415201811.343116-5-davemarchevsky@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>