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-.\" ========================================================================
-.\"
-.IX Title "AR 1"
-.TH AR 1 "2008-09-10" "binutils-2.18.90" "GNU Development Tools"
-.SH "NAME"
-ar \- create, modify, and extract from archives
-.SH "SYNOPSIS"
-.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
-ar [\fB\-X32_64\fR] [\fB\-\fR]\fIp\fR[\fImod\fR [\fIrelpos\fR] [\fIcount\fR]] \fIarchive\fR [\fImember\fR...]
-.SH "DESCRIPTION"
-.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
-The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR program creates, modifies, and extracts from
-archives. An \fIarchive\fR is a single file holding a collection of
-other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve
-the original individual files (called \fImembers\fR of the archive).
-.PP
-The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
-group are preserved in the archive, and can be restored on
-extraction.
-.PP
-\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR can maintain archives whose members have names of any
-length; however, depending on how \fBar\fR is configured on your
-system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed for compatibility
-with archive formats maintained with other tools. If it exists, the
-limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
-characters (typical of formats related to coff).
-.PP
-\&\fBar\fR is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort
-are most often used as \fIlibraries\fR holding commonly needed
-subroutines.
-.PP
-\&\fBar\fR creates an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
-object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier \fBs\fR.
-Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever \fBar\fR
-makes a change to its contents (save for the \fBq\fR update operation).
-An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
-allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
-their placement in the archive.
-.PP
-You may use \fBnm \-s\fR or \fBnm \-\-print\-armap\fR to list this index
-table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of \fBar\fR called
-\&\fBranlib\fR can be used to add just the table.
-.PP
-\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR can optionally create a \fIthin\fR archive,
-which contains a symbol index and references to the original copies
-of the member files of the archives. Such an archive is useful
-for building libraries for use within a local build, where the
-relocatable objects are expected to remain available, and copying the
-contents of each object would only waste time and space. Thin archives
-are also \fIflattened\fR, so that adding one or more archives to a
-thin archive will add the elements of the nested archive individually.
-The paths to the elements of the archive are stored relative to the
-archive itself.
-.PP
-\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR is designed to be compatible with two different
-facilities. You can control its activity using command-line options,
-like the different varieties of \fBar\fR on Unix systems; or, if you
-specify the single command-line option \fB\-M\fR, you can control it
-with a script supplied via standard input, like the \s-1MRI\s0 \*(L"librarian\*(R"
-program.
-.SH "OPTIONS"
-.IX Header "OPTIONS"
-\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR allows you to mix the operation code \fIp\fR and modifier
-flags \fImod\fR in any order, within the first command-line argument.
-.PP
-If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
-dash.
-.PP
-The \fIp\fR keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
-any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
-.IP "\fBd\fR" 4
-.IX Item "d"
-\&\fIDelete\fR modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
-be deleted as \fImember\fR...; the archive is untouched if you
-specify no files to delete.
-.Sp
-If you specify the \fBv\fR modifier, \fBar\fR lists each module
-as it is deleted.
-.IP "\fBm\fR" 4
-.IX Item "m"
-Use this operation to \fImove\fR members in an archive.
-.Sp
-The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
-programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more
-than one member.
-.Sp
-If no modifiers are used with \f(CW\*(C`m\*(C'\fR, any members you name in the
-\&\fImember\fR arguments are moved to the \fIend\fR of the archive;
-you can use the \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, or \fBi\fR modifiers to move them to a
-specified place instead.
-.IP "\fBp\fR" 4
-.IX Item "p"
-\&\fIPrint\fR the specified members of the archive, to the standard
-output file. If the \fBv\fR modifier is specified, show the member
-name before copying its contents to standard output.
-.Sp
-If you specify no \fImember\fR arguments, all the files in the archive are
-printed.
-.IP "\fBq\fR" 4
-.IX Item "q"
-\&\fIQuick append\fR; Historically, add the files \fImember\fR... to the end of
-\&\fIarchive\fR, without checking for replacement.
-.Sp
-The modifiers \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, and \fBi\fR do \fInot\fR affect this
-operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
-.Sp
-The modifier \fBv\fR makes \fBar\fR list each file as it is appended.
-.Sp
-Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table
-index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use \fBar s\fR or
-\&\fBranlib\fR explicitly to update the symbol table index.
-.Sp
-However, too many different systems assume quick append rebuilds the
-index, so \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR implements \fBq\fR as a synonym for \fBr\fR.
-.IP "\fBr\fR" 4
-.IX Item "r"
-Insert the files \fImember\fR... into \fIarchive\fR (with
-\&\fIreplacement\fR). This operation differs from \fBq\fR in that any
-previously existing members are deleted if their names match those being
-added.
-.Sp
-If one of the files named in \fImember\fR... does not exist, \fBar\fR
-displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
-of the archive matching that name.
-.Sp
-By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may
-use one of the modifiers \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, or \fBi\fR to request
-placement relative to some existing member.
-.Sp
-The modifier \fBv\fR used with this operation elicits a line of
-output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters \fBa\fR or
-\&\fBr\fR to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member
-deleted) or replaced.
-.IP "\fBt\fR" 4
-.IX Item "t"
-Display a \fItable\fR listing the contents of \fIarchive\fR, or those
-of the files listed in \fImember\fR... that are present in the
-archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
-see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
-request that by also specifying the \fBv\fR modifier.
-.Sp
-If you do not specify a \fImember\fR, all files in the archive
-are listed.
-.Sp
-If there is more than one file with the same name (say, \fBfie\fR) in
-an archive (say \fBb.a\fR), \fBar t b.a fie\fR lists only the
-first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
-listing\-\-\-in our example, \fBar t b.a\fR.
-.IP "\fBx\fR" 4
-.IX Item "x"
-\&\fIExtract\fR members (named \fImember\fR) from the archive. You can
-use the \fBv\fR modifier with this operation, to request that
-\&\fBar\fR list each name as it extracts it.
-.Sp
-If you do not specify a \fImember\fR, all files in the archive
-are extracted.
-.Sp
-Files cannot be extracted from a thin archive.
-.PP
-A number of modifiers (\fImod\fR) may immediately follow the \fIp\fR
-keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior:
-.IP "\fBa\fR" 4
-.IX Item "a"
-Add new files \fIafter\fR an existing member of the
-archive. If you use the modifier \fBa\fR, the name of an existing archive
-member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
-\&\fIarchive\fR specification.
-.IP "\fBb\fR" 4
-.IX Item "b"
-Add new files \fIbefore\fR an existing member of the
-archive. If you use the modifier \fBb\fR, the name of an existing archive
-member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
-\&\fIarchive\fR specification. (same as \fBi\fR).
-.IP "\fBc\fR" 4
-.IX Item "c"
-\&\fICreate\fR the archive. The specified \fIarchive\fR is always
-created if it did not exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
-issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
-using this modifier.
-.IP "\fBf\fR" 4
-.IX Item "f"
-Truncate names in the archive. \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR will normally permit file
-names of any length. This will cause it to create archives which are
-not compatible with the native \fBar\fR program on some systems. If
-this is a concern, the \fBf\fR modifier may be used to truncate file
-names when putting them in the archive.
-.IP "\fBi\fR" 4
-.IX Item "i"
-Insert new files \fIbefore\fR an existing member of the
-archive. If you use the modifier \fBi\fR, the name of an existing archive
-member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
-\&\fIarchive\fR specification. (same as \fBb\fR).
-.IP "\fBl\fR" 4
-.IX Item "l"
-This modifier is accepted but not used.
-.IP "\fBN\fR" 4
-.IX Item "N"
-Uses the \fIcount\fR parameter. This is used if there are multiple
-entries in the archive with the same name. Extract or delete instance
-\&\fIcount\fR of the given name from the archive.
-.IP "\fBo\fR" 4
-.IX Item "o"
-Preserve the \fIoriginal\fR dates of members when extracting them. If
-you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
-are stamped with the time of extraction.
-.IP "\fBP\fR" 4
-.IX Item "P"
-Use the full path name when matching names in the archive. \s-1GNU\s0
-\&\fBar\fR can not create an archive with a full path name (such archives
-are not \s-1POSIX\s0 complaint), but other archive creators can. This option
-will cause \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR to match file names using a complete path
-name, which can be convenient when extracting a single file from an
-archive created by another tool.
-.IP "\fBs\fR" 4
-.IX Item "s"
-Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
-even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
-flag either with any operation, or alone. Running \fBar s\fR on an
-archive is equivalent to running \fBranlib\fR on it.
-.IP "\fBS\fR" 4
-.IX Item "S"
-Do not generate an archive symbol table. This can speed up building a
-large library in several steps. The resulting archive can not be used
-with the linker. In order to build a symbol table, you must omit the
-\&\fBS\fR modifier on the last execution of \fBar\fR, or you must run
-\&\fBranlib\fR on the archive.
-.IP "\fBT\fR" 4
-.IX Item "T"
-Make the specified \fIarchive\fR a \fIthin\fR archive. If it already
-exists and is a regular archive, the existing members must be present
-in the same directory as \fIarchive\fR.
-.IP "\fBu\fR" 4
-.IX Item "u"
-Normally, \fBar r\fR... inserts all files
-listed into the archive. If you would like to insert \fIonly\fR those
-of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
-names, use this modifier. The \fBu\fR modifier is allowed only for the
-operation \fBr\fR (replace). In particular, the combination \fBqu\fR is
-not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed
-advantage from the operation \fBq\fR.
-.IP "\fBv\fR" 4
-.IX Item "v"
-This modifier requests the \fIverbose\fR version of an operation. Many
-operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
-when the modifier \fBv\fR is appended.
-.IP "\fBV\fR" 4
-.IX Item "V"
-This modifier shows the version number of \fBar\fR.
-.PP
-\&\fBar\fR ignores an initial option spelt \fB\-X32_64\fR, for
-compatibility with \s-1AIX\s0. The behaviour produced by this option is the
-default for \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR. \fBar\fR does not support any of the other
-\&\fB\-X\fR options; in particular, it does not support \fB\-X32\fR
-which is the default for \s-1AIX\s0 \fBar\fR.
-.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
-.IX Item "@file"
-Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
-inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
-does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
-literally, and not removed.
-.Sp
-Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
-character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
-option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
-backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
-with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
-@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
-\&\fInm\fR\|(1), \fIranlib\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
-.SH "COPYRIGHT"
-.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
-Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
-2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-.PP
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
-or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
-with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
-Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
-section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".
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