--- /dev/null
+'\"
+'\" Copyright (c) 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
+'\"
+'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
+'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
+'\"
+.TH Utf 3 "8.1" Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
+.\" The -*- nroff -*- definitions below are for supplemental macros used
+.\" in Tcl/Tk manual entries.
+.\"
+.\" .AP type name in/out ?indent?
+.\" Start paragraph describing an argument to a library procedure.
+.\" type is type of argument (int, etc.), in/out is either "in", "out",
+.\" or "in/out" to describe whether procedure reads or modifies arg,
+.\" and indent is equivalent to second arg of .IP (shouldn't ever be
+.\" needed; use .AS below instead)
+.\"
+.\" .AS ?type? ?name?
+.\" Give maximum sizes of arguments for setting tab stops. Type and
+.\" name are examples of largest possible arguments that will be passed
+.\" to .AP later. If args are omitted, default tab stops are used.
+.\"
+.\" .BS
+.\" Start box enclosure. From here until next .BE, everything will be
+.\" enclosed in one large box.
+.\"
+.\" .BE
+.\" End of box enclosure.
+.\"
+.\" .CS
+.\" Begin code excerpt.
+.\"
+.\" .CE
+.\" End code excerpt.
+.\"
+.\" .VS ?version? ?br?
+.\" Begin vertical sidebar, for use in marking newly-changed parts
+.\" of man pages. The first argument is ignored and used for recording
+.\" the version when the .VS was added, so that the sidebars can be
+.\" found and removed when they reach a certain age. If another argument
+.\" is present, then a line break is forced before starting the sidebar.
+.\"
+.\" .VE
+.\" End of vertical sidebar.
+.\"
+.\" .DS
+.\" Begin an indented unfilled display.
+.\"
+.\" .DE
+.\" End of indented unfilled display.
+.\"
+.\" .SO ?manpage?
+.\" Start of list of standard options for a Tk widget. The manpage
+.\" argument defines where to look up the standard options; if
+.\" omitted, defaults to "options". The options follow on successive
+.\" lines, in three columns separated by tabs.
+.\"
+.\" .SE
+.\" End of list of standard options for a Tk widget.
+.\"
+.\" .OP cmdName dbName dbClass
+.\" Start of description of a specific option. cmdName gives the
+.\" option's name as specified in the class command, dbName gives
+.\" the option's name in the option database, and dbClass gives
+.\" the option's class in the option database.
+.\"
+.\" .UL arg1 arg2
+.\" Print arg1 underlined, then print arg2 normally.
+.\"
+.\" .QW arg1 ?arg2?
+.\" Print arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally (for trailing punctuation).
+.\"
+.\" .PQ arg1 ?arg2?
+.\" Print an open parenthesis, arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally
+.\" (for trailing punctuation) and then a closing parenthesis.
+.\"
+.\" # Set up traps and other miscellaneous stuff for Tcl/Tk man pages.
+.if t .wh -1.3i ^B
+.nr ^l \n(.l
+.ad b
+.\" # Start an argument description
+.de AP
+.ie !"\\$4"" .TP \\$4
+.el \{\
+. ie !"\\$2"" .TP \\n()Cu
+. el .TP 15
+.\}
+.ta \\n()Au \\n()Bu
+.ie !"\\$3"" \{\
+\&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP (\\$3)
+.\".b
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.br
+.ie !"\\$2"" \{\
+\&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP
+.\}
+.el \{\
+\&\\fI\\$1\\fP
+.\}
+.\}
+..
+.\" # define tabbing values for .AP
+.de AS
+.nr )A 10n
+.if !"\\$1"" .nr )A \\w'\\$1'u+3n
+.nr )B \\n()Au+15n
+.\"
+.if !"\\$2"" .nr )B \\w'\\$2'u+\\n()Au+3n
+.nr )C \\n()Bu+\\w'(in/out)'u+2n
+..
+.AS Tcl_Interp Tcl_CreateInterp in/out
+.\" # BS - start boxed text
+.\" # ^y = starting y location
+.\" # ^b = 1
+.de BS
+.br
+.mk ^y
+.nr ^b 1u
+.if n .nf
+.if n .ti 0
+.if n \l'\\n(.lu\(ul'
+.if n .fi
+..
+.\" # BE - end boxed text (draw box now)
+.de BE
+.nf
+.ti 0
+.mk ^t
+.ie n \l'\\n(^lu\(ul'
+.el \{\
+.\" Draw four-sided box normally, but don't draw top of
+.\" box if the box started on an earlier page.
+.ie !\\n(^b-1 \{\
+\h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul'
+.\}
+.el \}\
+\h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul'
+.\}
+.\}
+.fi
+.br
+.nr ^b 0
+..
+.\" # VS - start vertical sidebar
+.\" # ^Y = starting y location
+.\" # ^v = 1 (for troff; for nroff this doesn't matter)
+.de VS
+.if !"\\$2"" .br
+.mk ^Y
+.ie n 'mc \s12\(br\s0
+.el .nr ^v 1u
+..
+.\" # VE - end of vertical sidebar
+.de VE
+.ie n 'mc
+.el \{\
+.ev 2
+.nf
+.ti 0
+.mk ^t
+\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\L'|\\n(^Yu-1v\(bv'\v'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu'\h'-|\\n(^lu+3n'
+.sp -1
+.fi
+.ev
+.\}
+.nr ^v 0
+..
+.\" # Special macro to handle page bottom: finish off current
+.\" # box/sidebar if in box/sidebar mode, then invoked standard
+.\" # page bottom macro.
+.de ^B
+.ev 2
+'ti 0
+'nf
+.mk ^t
+.if \\n(^b \{\
+.\" Draw three-sided box if this is the box's first page,
+.\" draw two sides but no top otherwise.
+.ie !\\n(^b-1 \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c
+.el \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c
+.\}
+.if \\n(^v \{\
+.nr ^x \\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu
+\kx\h'-\\nxu'\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\ky\L'-\\n(^xu'\v'\\n(^xu'\h'|0u'\c
+.\}
+.bp
+'fi
+.ev
+.if \\n(^b \{\
+.mk ^y
+.nr ^b 2
+.\}
+.if \\n(^v \{\
+.mk ^Y
+.\}
+..
+.\" # DS - begin display
+.de DS
+.RS
+.nf
+.sp
+..
+.\" # DE - end display
+.de DE
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+..
+.\" # SO - start of list of standard options
+.de SO
+'ie '\\$1'' .ds So \\fBoptions\\fR
+'el .ds So \\fB\\$1\\fR
+.SH "STANDARD OPTIONS"
+.LP
+.nf
+.ta 5.5c 11c
+.ft B
+..
+.\" # SE - end of list of standard options
+.de SE
+.fi
+.ft R
+.LP
+See the \\*(So manual entry for details on the standard options.
+..
+.\" # OP - start of full description for a single option
+.de OP
+.LP
+.nf
+.ta 4c
+Command-Line Name: \\fB\\$1\\fR
+Database Name: \\fB\\$2\\fR
+Database Class: \\fB\\$3\\fR
+.fi
+.IP
+..
+.\" # CS - begin code excerpt
+.de CS
+.RS
+.nf
+.ta .25i .5i .75i 1i
+..
+.\" # CE - end code excerpt
+.de CE
+.fi
+.RE
+..
+.\" # UL - underline word
+.de UL
+\\$1\l'|0\(ul'\\$2
+..
+.\" # QW - apply quotation marks to word
+.de QW
+.ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\$2
+.\"" fix emacs highlighting
+.el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2
+..
+.\" # PQ - apply parens and quotation marks to word
+.de PQ
+.ie '\\*(lq'"' (``\\$1''\\$2)\\$3
+.\"" fix emacs highlighting
+.el (\\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2)\\$3
+..
+.\" # QR - quoted range
+.de QR
+.ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\-``\\$2''\\$3
+.\"" fix emacs highlighting
+.el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\-\\*(lq\\$2\\*(rq\\$3
+..
+.\" # MT - "empty" string
+.de MT
+.QW ""
+..
+.BS
+.SH NAME
+Tcl_UniChar, Tcl_UniCharToUtf, Tcl_UtfToUniChar, Tcl_UniCharToUtfDString, Tcl_UtfToUniCharDString, Tcl_UniCharLen, Tcl_UniCharNcmp, Tcl_UniCharNcasecmp, Tcl_UniCharCaseMatch, Tcl_UtfNcmp, Tcl_UtfNcasecmp, Tcl_UtfCharComplete, Tcl_NumUtfChars, Tcl_UtfFindFirst, Tcl_UtfFindLast, Tcl_UtfNext, Tcl_UtfPrev, Tcl_UniCharAtIndex, Tcl_UtfAtIndex, Tcl_UtfBackslash \- routines for manipulating UTF-8 strings
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+\fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
+.sp
+typedef ... \fBTcl_UniChar\fR;
+.sp
+int
+\fBTcl_UniCharToUtf\fR(\fIch, buf\fR)
+.sp
+int
+\fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR(\fIsrc, chPtr\fR)
+.sp
+char *
+\fBTcl_UniCharToUtfDString\fR(\fIuniStr, uniLength, dsPtr\fR)
+.sp
+Tcl_UniChar *
+\fBTcl_UtfToUniCharDString\fR(\fIsrc, length, dsPtr\fR)
+.sp
+int
+\fBTcl_UniCharLen\fR(\fIuniStr\fR)
+.sp
+int
+\fBTcl_UniCharNcmp\fR(\fIucs, uct, numChars\fR)
+.sp
+int
+\fBTcl_UniCharNcasecmp\fR(\fIucs, uct, numChars\fR)
+.sp
+int
+\fBTcl_UniCharCaseMatch\fR(\fIuniStr, uniPattern, nocase\fR)
+.sp
+int
+\fBTcl_UtfNcmp\fR(\fIcs, ct, numChars\fR)
+.sp
+int
+\fBTcl_UtfNcasecmp\fR(\fIcs, ct, numChars\fR)
+.sp
+int
+\fBTcl_UtfCharComplete\fR(\fIsrc, length\fR)
+.sp
+int
+\fBTcl_NumUtfChars\fR(\fIsrc, length\fR)
+.sp
+const char *
+\fBTcl_UtfFindFirst\fR(\fIsrc, ch\fR)
+.sp
+const char *
+\fBTcl_UtfFindLast\fR(\fIsrc, ch\fR)
+.sp
+const char *
+\fBTcl_UtfNext\fR(\fIsrc\fR)
+.sp
+const char *
+\fBTcl_UtfPrev\fR(\fIsrc, start\fR)
+.sp
+Tcl_UniChar
+\fBTcl_UniCharAtIndex\fR(\fIsrc, index\fR)
+.sp
+const char *
+\fBTcl_UtfAtIndex\fR(\fIsrc, index\fR)
+.sp
+int
+\fBTcl_UtfBackslash\fR(\fIsrc, readPtr, dst\fR)
+.SH ARGUMENTS
+.AS "const Tcl_UniChar" *uniPattern in/out
+.AP char *buf out
+Buffer in which the UTF-8 representation of the Tcl_UniChar is stored. At most
+\fBTCL_UTF_MAX\fR bytes are stored in the buffer.
+.AP int ch in
+The Unicode character to be converted or examined.
+.AP Tcl_UniChar *chPtr out
+Filled with the Tcl_UniChar represented by the head of the UTF-8 string.
+.AP "const char" *src in
+Pointer to a UTF-8 string.
+.AP "const char" *cs in
+Pointer to a UTF-8 string.
+.AP "const char" *ct in
+Pointer to a UTF-8 string.
+.AP "const Tcl_UniChar" *uniStr in
+A null-terminated Unicode string.
+.AP "const Tcl_UniChar" *ucs in
+A null-terminated Unicode string.
+.AP "const Tcl_UniChar" *uct in
+A null-terminated Unicode string.
+.AP "const Tcl_UniChar" *uniPattern in
+A null-terminated Unicode string.
+.AP int length in
+The length of the UTF-8 string in bytes (not UTF-8 characters). If
+negative, all bytes up to the first null byte are used.
+.AP int uniLength in
+The length of the Unicode string in characters. Must be greater than or
+equal to 0.
+.AP "Tcl_DString" *dsPtr in/out
+A pointer to a previously initialized \fBTcl_DString\fR.
+.AP "unsigned long" numChars in
+The number of characters to compare.
+.AP "const char" *start in
+Pointer to the beginning of a UTF-8 string.
+.AP int index in
+The index of a character (not byte) in the UTF-8 string.
+.AP int *readPtr out
+If non-NULL, filled with the number of bytes in the backslash sequence,
+including the backslash character.
+.AP char *dst out
+Buffer in which the bytes represented by the backslash sequence are stored.
+At most \fBTCL_UTF_MAX\fR bytes are stored in the buffer.
+.AP int nocase in
+Specifies whether the match should be done case-sensitive (0) or
+case-insensitive (1).
+.BE
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+These routines convert between UTF-8 strings and Tcl_UniChars. A
+Tcl_UniChar is a Unicode character represented as an unsigned, fixed-size
+quantity. A UTF-8 character is a Unicode character represented as
+a varying-length sequence of up to \fBTCL_UTF_MAX\fR bytes. A multibyte UTF-8
+sequence consists of a lead byte followed by some number of trail bytes.
+.PP
+\fBTCL_UTF_MAX\fR is the maximum number of bytes that it takes to
+represent one Unicode character in the UTF-8 representation.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UniCharToUtf\fR stores the Tcl_UniChar \fIch\fR as a UTF-8 string
+in starting at \fIbuf\fR. The return value is the number of bytes stored
+in \fIbuf\fR.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR reads one UTF-8 character starting at \fIsrc\fR
+and stores it as a Tcl_UniChar in \fI*chPtr\fR. The return value is the
+number of bytes read from \fIsrc\fR. The caller must ensure that the
+source buffer is long enough such that this routine does not run off the
+end and dereference non-existent or random memory; if the source buffer
+is known to be null-terminated, this will not happen. If the input is
+not in proper UTF-8 format, \fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR will store the first
+byte of \fIsrc\fR in \fI*chPtr\fR as a Tcl_UniChar between 0x80 and
+0xFF and return 1.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UniCharToUtfDString\fR converts the given Unicode string
+to UTF-8, storing the result in a previously initialized \fBTcl_DString\fR.
+You must specify \fIuniLength\fR, the length of the given Unicode string.
+The return value is a pointer to the UTF-8 representation of the
+Unicode string. Storage for the return value is appended to the
+end of the \fBTcl_DString\fR.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UtfToUniCharDString\fR converts the given UTF-8 string to Unicode,
+storing the result in the previously initialized \fBTcl_DString\fR.
+In the argument \fIlength\fR, you may either specify the length of
+the given UTF-8 string in bytes or
+.QW \-1 ,
+in which case \fBTcl_UtfToUniCharDString\fR uses \fBstrlen\fR to
+calculate the length. The return value is a pointer to the Unicode
+representation of the UTF-8 string. Storage for the return value
+is appended to the end of the \fBTcl_DString\fR. The Unicode string
+is terminated with a Unicode null character.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UniCharLen\fR corresponds to \fBstrlen\fR for Unicode
+characters. It accepts a null-terminated Unicode string and returns
+the number of Unicode characters (not bytes) in that string.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UniCharNcmp\fR and \fBTcl_UniCharNcasecmp\fR correspond to
+\fBstrncmp\fR and \fBstrncasecmp\fR, respectively, for Unicode characters.
+They accept two null-terminated Unicode strings and the number of characters
+to compare. Both strings are assumed to be at least \fInumChars\fR characters
+long. \fBTcl_UniCharNcmp\fR compares the two strings character-by-character
+according to the Unicode character ordering. It returns an integer greater
+than, equal to, or less than 0 if the first string is greater than, equal
+to, or less than the second string respectively. \fBTcl_UniCharNcasecmp\fR
+is the Unicode case insensitive version.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UniCharCaseMatch\fR is the Unicode equivalent to
+\fBTcl_StringCaseMatch\fR. It accepts a null-terminated Unicode string,
+a Unicode pattern, and a boolean value specifying whether the match should
+be case sensitive and returns whether the string matches the pattern.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UtfNcmp\fR corresponds to \fBstrncmp\fR for UTF-8 strings. It
+accepts two null-terminated UTF-8 strings and the number of characters
+to compare. (Both strings are assumed to be at least \fInumChars\fR
+characters long.) \fBTcl_UtfNcmp\fR compares the two strings
+character-by-character according to the Unicode character ordering.
+It returns an integer greater than, equal to, or less than 0 if the
+first string is greater than, equal to, or less than the second string
+respectively.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UtfNcasecmp\fR corresponds to \fBstrncasecmp\fR for UTF-8
+strings. It is similar to \fBTcl_UtfNcmp\fR except comparisons ignore
+differences in case when comparing upper, lower or title case
+characters.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UtfCharComplete\fR returns 1 if the source UTF-8 string \fIsrc\fR
+of \fIlength\fR bytes is long enough to be decoded by
+\fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR/\fBTcl_UtfNext\fR, or 0 otherwise. This function
+does not guarantee that the UTF-8 string is properly formed. This routine
+is used by procedures that are operating on a byte at a time and need to
+know if a full Tcl_UniChar has been seen.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_NumUtfChars\fR corresponds to \fBstrlen\fR for UTF-8 strings. It
+returns the number of Tcl_UniChars that are represented by the UTF-8 string
+\fIsrc\fR. The length of the source string is \fIlength\fR bytes. If the
+length is negative, all bytes up to the first null byte are used.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UtfFindFirst\fR corresponds to \fBstrchr\fR for UTF-8 strings. It
+returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the Tcl_UniChar \fIch\fR
+in the null-terminated UTF-8 string \fIsrc\fR. The null terminator is
+considered part of the UTF-8 string.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UtfFindLast\fR corresponds to \fBstrrchr\fR for UTF-8 strings. It
+returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the Tcl_UniChar \fIch\fR
+in the null-terminated UTF-8 string \fIsrc\fR. The null terminator is
+considered part of the UTF-8 string.
+.PP
+Given \fIsrc\fR, a pointer to some location in a UTF-8 string,
+\fBTcl_UtfNext\fR returns a pointer to the next UTF-8 character in the
+string. The caller must not ask for the next character after the last
+character in the string if the string is not terminated by a null
+character. \fBTcl_UtfCharComplete\fR can be used in that case to
+make sure enough bytes are available before calling \fBTcl_UtfNext\fR.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UtfPrev\fR is used to step backward through but not beyond the
+UTF-8 string that begins at \fIstart\fR. If the UTF-8 string is made
+up entirely of complete and well-formed characters, and \fIsrc\fR points
+to the lead byte of one of those characters (or to the location one byte
+past the end of the string), then repeated calls of \fBTcl_UtfPrev\fR will
+return pointers to the lead bytes of each character in the string, one
+character at a time, terminating when it returns \fIstart\fR.
+.PP
+When the conditions of completeness and well-formedness may not be satisfied,
+a more precise description of the function of \fBTcl_UtfPrev\fR is necessary.
+It always returns a pointer greater than or equal to \fIstart\fR; that is,
+always a pointer to a location in the string. It always returns a pointer to
+a byte that begins a character when scanning for characters beginning
+from \fIstart\fR. When \fIsrc\fR is greater than \fIstart\fR, it
+always returns a pointer less than \fIsrc\fR and greater than or
+equal to (\fIsrc\fR - \fBTCL_UTF_MAX\fR). The character that begins
+at the returned pointer is the first one that either includes the
+byte \fIsrc[-1]\fR, or might include it if the right trail bytes are
+present at \fIsrc\fR and greater. \fBTcl_UtfPrev\fR never reads the
+byte \fIsrc[0]\fR nor the byte \fIstart[-1]\fR nor the byte
+\fIsrc[-\fBTCL_UTF_MAX\fI-1]\fR.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UniCharAtIndex\fR corresponds to a C string array dereference or the
+Pascal Ord() function. It returns the Tcl_UniChar represented at the
+specified character (not byte) \fIindex\fR in the UTF-8 string
+\fIsrc\fR. The source string must contain at least \fIindex\fR
+characters. Behavior is undefined if a negative \fIindex\fR is given.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UtfAtIndex\fR returns a pointer to the specified character (not
+byte) \fIindex\fR in the UTF-8 string \fIsrc\fR. The source string must
+contain at least \fIindex\fR characters. This is equivalent to calling
+\fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR \fIindex\fR times. If a negative \fIindex\fR is given,
+the return pointer points to the first character in the source string.
+.PP
+\fBTcl_UtfBackslash\fR is a utility procedure used by several of the Tcl
+commands. It parses a backslash sequence and stores the properly formed
+UTF-8 character represented by the backslash sequence in the output
+buffer \fIdst\fR. At most \fBTCL_UTF_MAX\fR bytes are stored in the buffer.
+\fBTcl_UtfBackslash\fR modifies \fI*readPtr\fR to contain the number
+of bytes in the backslash sequence, including the backslash character.
+The return value is the number of bytes stored in the output buffer.
+.PP
+See the \fBTcl\fR manual entry for information on the valid backslash
+sequences. All of the sequences described in the Tcl manual entry are
+supported by \fBTcl_UtfBackslash\fR.
+
+.SH KEYWORDS
+utf, unicode, backslash
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