# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2015-02-04 23:32+0900\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: TH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27 #, no-wrap msgid "BDFLUSH" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27 build/C/man2/sync.2:36 #, no-wrap msgid "2014-08-19" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27 build/C/man7/boot.7:15 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30 build/C/man2/reboot.2:28 build/C/man2/sync.2:36 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27 build/C/man7/boot.7:15 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30 build/C/man2/reboot.2:28 build/C/man2/sync.2:36 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:28 build/C/man7/boot.7:16 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:31 build/C/man2/reboot.2:29 build/C/man2/sync.2:37 #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:30 msgid "bdflush - start, flush, or tune buffer-dirty-flush daemon" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:30 build/C/man2/reboot.2:31 build/C/man2/sync.2:39 #, no-wrap msgid "SYNOPSIS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:33 #, no-wrap msgid "B<#include Esys/kdaemon.hE>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:36 #, no-wrap msgid "" "BIB<, long *>I
B<);>\n" "BIB<, long >IB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:37 build/C/man7/boot.7:18 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:33 build/C/man2/reboot.2:52 build/C/man2/sync.2:65 #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "" #. As noted in a changes in the 2.5.12 source #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:48 msgid "" "I: Since Linux 2.6, this system call is deprecated and does nothing. " "It is likely to disappear altogether in a future kernel release. Nowadays, " "the task performed by B() is handled by the kernel I " "thread." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:55 msgid "" "B() starts, flushes, or tunes the buffer-dirty-flush daemon. Only " "a privileged process (one with the B capability) may call " "B()." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:61 msgid "" "If I is negative or 0, and no daemon has been started, then " "B() enters the daemon code and never returns." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:66 msgid "If I is 1, some dirty buffers are written to disk." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:75 msgid "" "If I is 2 or more and is even (low bit is 0), then I
is the " "address of a long word, and the tuning parameter numbered (I-2)/2 is " "returned to the caller in that address." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:84 msgid "" "If I is 3 or more and is odd (low bit is 1), then I is a long " "word, and the kernel sets tuning parameter numbered (I-3)/2 to that " "value." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:88 msgid "" "The set of parameters, their values, and their valid ranges are defined in " "the Linux kernel source file I." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:88 build/C/man2/reboot.2:187 build/C/man2/sync.2:76 #, no-wrap msgid "RETURN VALUE" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:97 msgid "" "If I is negative or 0 and the daemon successfully starts, B() " "never returns. Otherwise, the return value is 0 on success and -1 on " "failure, with I set to indicate the error." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:97 build/C/man2/reboot.2:200 build/C/man2/sync.2:82 #, no-wrap msgid "ERRORS" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:98 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:102 msgid "" "An attempt was made to enter the daemon code after another process has " "already entered." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:102 build/C/man2/reboot.2:201 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:106 msgid "I
points outside your accessible address space." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:106 build/C/man2/reboot.2:205 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:110 msgid "" "An attempt was made to read or write an invalid parameter number, or to " "write an invalid value to a parameter." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:110 build/C/man2/reboot.2:208 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:115 msgid "Caller does not have the B capability." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:115 build/C/man2/reboot.2:215 build/C/man2/sync.2:96 #, no-wrap msgid "CONFORMING TO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:119 msgid "" "B() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended " "to be portable." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:119 build/C/man7/boot.7:202 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1595 build/C/man2/reboot.2:219 build/C/man2/sync.2:119 #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:123 msgid "B(2), B(2), B(1)" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:123 build/C/man7/boot.7:208 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1604 build/C/man2/reboot.2:227 build/C/man2/sync.2:124 #, no-wrap msgid "COLOPHON" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:131 build/C/man7/boot.7:216 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1612 build/C/man2/reboot.2:235 build/C/man2/sync.2:132 msgid "" "This page is part of release 3.79 of the Linux I project. A " "description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest " "version of this page, can be found at " "\\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/." msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man7/boot.7:15 #, no-wrap msgid "BOOT" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man7/boot.7:15 #, no-wrap msgid "2010-09-19" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:18 msgid "boot-scripts - general description of boot sequence" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:26 msgid "" "The boot sequence varies in details among systems but can be roughly divided " "to the following steps: (i) hardware boot, (ii) operating system (OS) " "loader, (iii) kernel startup, (iv) init and inittab, (v) boot scripts. We " "will describe each of these in more detail below." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/boot.7:26 #, no-wrap msgid "Hardware-boot" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:31 msgid "" "After power-on or hard reset, control is given to a program stored on " "read-only memory (normally PROM). In PC we usually call this program the " "B." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:40 msgid "" "This program normally makes a basic self-test of the machine and accesses " "nonvolatile memory to read further parameters. This memory in the PC is " "battery-backed CMOS memory, so most people refer to it as the B, " "although outside of the PC world, it is usually called B (nonvolatile " "ram)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:45 msgid "" "The parameters stored in the nvram vary between systems, but as a minimum, " "the hardware boot program should know what is the boot device, or which " "devices to probe as possible boot devices." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:49 msgid "" "Then the hardware boot stage accesses the boot device, loads the OS loader, " "which is located on a fixed position on the boot device, and transfers " "control to it." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/boot.7:49 build/C/man7/boot.7:128 #, no-wrap msgid "Note:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:55 msgid "" "We do not cover here booting from network. Those who want to investigate " "this subject may want to research: DHCP, TFTP, PXE, Etherboot." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/boot.7:55 #, no-wrap msgid "OS loader" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:59 msgid "" "In PC, the OS loader is located in the first sector of the boot device - " "this is the B (Master Boot Record)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:67 msgid "" "In most systems, this primary loader is very limited due to various " "constraints. Even on non-PC systems there are some limitations to the size " "and complexity of this loader, but the size limitation of the PC MBR (512 " "bytes including the partition table) makes it almost impossible to squeeze a " "full OS loader into it." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:71 msgid "" "Therefore, most operating systems make the primary loader call a secondary " "OS loader which may be located on a specified disk partition." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:81 msgid "" "In Linux the OS loader is normally B(8) or B(8). Both of them " "may install either as secondary loaders (where the DOS installed MBR points " "to them), or as a two part loader where they provide special MBR containing " "the bootstrap code to load the second part of the loader from the root " "partition." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:89 msgid "" "The main job of the OS loader is to locate the kernel on the disk, load it " "and run it. Most OS loaders allow interactive use, to enable specification " "of alternative kernel (maybe a backup in case the last compiled one isn't " "functioning) and to pass optional parameters to the kernel." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/boot.7:89 #, no-wrap msgid "Kernel startup" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:94 msgid "" "When the kernel is loaded, it initializes the devices (via their drivers), " "starts the swapper (it is a \"kernel process\", called kswapd in modern " "Linux kernels), and mounts the root filesystem (/)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:101 msgid "" "Some of the parameters that may be passed to the kernel relate to these " "activities (e.g: You can override the default root filesystem). For further " "information on Linux kernel parameters read B(7)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:108 msgid "" "Only then the kernel creates the first (user land) process which is " "numbered 1. This process executes the program I, passing any " "parameters that weren't handled by the kernel already." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/boot.7:108 #, no-wrap msgid "init and inittab" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:113 msgid "" "When init starts it reads I for further instructions. This " "file defines what should be run in different I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:123 msgid "" "This gives the system administrator an easy management scheme, where each " "run-level is associated with a set of services (e.g, B is I, " "on B<2> most network services start). The administrator may change the " "current run-level via B(1) and query the current run-level via " "B(8)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:127 msgid "" "However, since it is not convenient to manage individual services by editing " "this file, inittab only bootstraps a set of scripts that actually start/stop " "the individual services." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/boot.7:127 #, no-wrap msgid "Boot scripts" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:136 msgid "" "The following description applies to System V release 4-based systems, which " "currently covers most commercial UNIX systems (Solaris, HP-UX, Irix, Tru64) " "as well as the major Linux distributions (Red Hat, Debian, Mandriva, SUSE, " "Ubuntu). Some systems (Slackware Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD) have a somewhat " "different scheme of boot scripts." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:149 msgid "" "For each managed service (mail, nfs server, cron, etc.) there is a single " "startup script located in a specific directory (I in most " "versions of Linux). Each of these scripts accepts as a single argument the " "word \"start\" -- causing it to start the service, or the word \\&\"stop\" " "-- causing it to stop the service. The script may optionally accept other " "\"convenience\" parameters (e.g: \"restart\", to stop and then start, " "\"status\" to display the service status). Running the script without " "parameters displays the possible arguments." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/boot.7:149 #, no-wrap msgid "Sequencing directories" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:157 msgid "" "To make specific scripts start/stop at specific run-levels and in specific " "order, there are I. These are normally in " "I. In each of these directories there are links (usually " "symbolic) to the scripts in the I directory." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:166 msgid "" "A primary script (usually I) is called from B(5) and " "calls the services scripts via the links in the sequencing directories. All " "links with names that begin with \\(aqS\\(aq are being called with the " "argument \"start\" (thereby starting the service). All links with names " "that begin with \\(aqK\\(aq are being called with the argument \"stop\" " "(thereby stopping the service)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:176 msgid "" "To define the starting or stopping order within the same run-level, the " "names of the links contain order-numbers. Also, to make the names clearer, " "they usually end with the name of the service they refer to. Example: the " "link I starts the sendmail service on runlevel 2. " "This happens after I is run but before " "I is run." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:181 msgid "" "To manage the boot order and run-levels, we have to manage these links. " "However, on many versions of Linux, there are tools to help with this task " "(e.g: B(8))." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/boot.7:181 #, no-wrap msgid "Boot configuration" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:190 msgid "" "Usually the daemons started may optionally receive command-line options and " "parameters. To allow system administrators to change these parameters " "without editing the boot scripts themselves, configuration files are used. " "These are located in a specific directory (I on Red Hat " "systems) and are used by the boot scripts." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:197 msgid "" "In older UNIX systems, these files contained the actual command line options " "for the daemons, but in modern Linux systems (and also in HP-UX), these " "files just contain shell variables. The boot scripts in I " "B the configuration files, and then use the variable values." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man7/boot.7:197 #, no-wrap msgid "FILES" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:202 msgid "I, I, I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/boot.7:208 msgid "B(5), B(7), B(1), B(8), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30 #, no-wrap msgid "BOOTPARAM" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30 #, no-wrap msgid "2014-06-13" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:33 msgid "bootparam - introduction to boot time parameters of the Linux kernel" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:40 msgid "" "The Linux kernel accepts certain 'command-line options' or 'boot time " "parameters' at the moment it is started. In general this is used to supply " "the kernel with information about hardware parameters that the kernel would " "not be able to determine on its own, or to avoid/override the values that " "the kernel would otherwise detect." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:46 msgid "" "When the kernel is booted directly by the BIOS (say from a floppy to which " "you copied a kernel using 'cp zImage /dev/fd0'), you have no opportunity to " "specify any parameters. So, in order to take advantage of this possibility " "you have to use a boot loader that is able to pass parameters, such as GRUB." msgstr "" #. The LILO program (LInux LOader) written by Werner Almesberger is the #. most commonly used. #. It has the ability to boot various kernels, and #. stores the configuration information in a plain text file. #. (See #. .BR lilo (8) #. and #. .BR lilo.conf (5).) #. LILO can boot DOS, OS/2, Linux, FreeBSD, UnixWare, etc., and is quite flexible. # #. The other commonly used Linux loader is 'LoadLin', which is a DOS #. program that has the capability to launch a Linux kernel from the DOS #. prompt (with boot-args) assuming that certain resources are available. #. This is good for people that want to launch Linux from DOS. # #. It is also very useful if you have certain hardware which relies on #. the supplied DOS driver to put the hardware into a known state. #. A common example is 'SoundBlaster Compatible' sound cards that require #. the DOS driver to twiddle a few mystical registers to put the card #. into a SB compatible mode. #. Booting DOS with the supplied driver, and #. then loading Linux from the DOS prompt with loadlin avoids the reset #. of the card that happens if one rebooted instead. #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:70 #, no-wrap msgid "The argument list" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:74 msgid "" "The kernel command line is parsed into a list of strings (boot arguments) " "separated by spaces. Most of the boot arguments take have the form:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:78 #, no-wrap msgid "name[=value_1][,value_2]...[,value_10]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:88 msgid "" "where 'name' is a unique keyword that is used to identify what part of the " "kernel the associated values (if any) are to be given to. Note the limit of " "10 is real, as the present code handles only 10 comma separated parameters " "per keyword. (However, you can reuse the same keyword with up to an " "additional 10 parameters in unusually complicated situations, assuming the " "setup function supports it.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:95 msgid "" "Most of the sorting is coded in the kernel source file I. " "First, the kernel checks to see if the argument is any of the special " "arguments 'root=', \\&'nfsroot=', 'nfsaddrs=', 'ro', 'rw', 'debug' or " "'init'. The meaning of these special arguments is described below." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:106 msgid "" "Then it walks a list of setup functions (contained in the bootsetups array) " "to see if the specified argument string (such as 'foo') has been associated " "with a setup function ('foo_setup()') for a particular device or part of the " "kernel. If you passed the kernel the line foo=3,4,5,6 then the kernel would " "search the bootsetups array to see if 'foo' was registered. If it was, then " "it would call the setup function associated with 'foo' (foo_setup()) and " "hand it the arguments 3, 4, 5, and 6 as given on the kernel command line." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:112 msgid "" "Anything of the form 'foo=bar' that is not accepted as a setup function as " "described above is then interpreted as an environment variable to be set. A " "(useless?) example would be to use 'TERM=vt100' as a boot argument." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:128 msgid "" "Any remaining arguments that were not picked up by the kernel and were not " "interpreted as environment variables are then passed onto process one, which " "is usually the B(1) program. The most common argument that is passed " "to the I process is the word 'single' which instructs it to boot the " "computer in single user mode, and not launch all the usual daemons. Check " "the manual page for the version of B(1) installed on your system to " "see what arguments it accepts." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:128 #, no-wrap msgid "General non-device-specific boot arguments" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:129 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'init=...'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:141 msgid "" "This sets the initial command to be executed by the kernel. If this is not " "set, or cannot be found, the kernel will try I, then " "I, then I, then I and panic if all of this " "fails." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:141 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'nfsaddrs=...'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:145 msgid "" "This sets the nfs boot address to the given string. This boot address is " "used in case of a net boot." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:145 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'nfsroot=...'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:152 msgid "" "This sets the nfs root name to the given string. If this string does not " "begin with '/' or ',' or a digit, then it is prefixed by \\&'/tftpboot/'. " "This root name is used in case of a net boot." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:152 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'no387'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:165 msgid "" "(Only when B is defined.) Some i387 coprocessor chips have " "bugs that show up when used in 32 bit protected mode. For example, some of " "the early ULSI-387 chips would cause solid lockups while performing " "floating-point calculations. Using the 'no387' boot argument causes Linux " "to ignore the maths coprocessor even if you have one. Of course you must " "then have your kernel compiled with math emulation support!" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:165 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'no-hlt'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:178 msgid "" "(Only when B is defined.) Some of the early i486DX-100 " "chips have a problem with the 'hlt' instruction, in that they can't reliably " "return to operating mode after this instruction is used. Using the 'no-hlt' " "instruction tells Linux to just run an infinite loop when there is nothing " "else to do, and to not halt the CPU. This allows people with these broken " "chips to use Linux." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:178 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'root=...'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:188 msgid "" "This argument tells the kernel what device is to be used as the root " "filesystem while booting. The default of this setting is determined at " "compile time, and usually is the value of the root device of the system that " "the kernel was built on. To override this value, and select the second " "floppy drive as the root device, one would use 'root=/dev/fd1'." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:206 msgid "" "The root device can be specified symbolically or numerically. A symbolic " "specification has the form I, where XX designates the device type " "('hd' for ST-506 compatible hard disk, with Y in \\&'a'-'d'; 'sd' for SCSI " "compatible disk, with Y in 'a'-'e'; \\&'ad' for Atari ACSI disk, with Y in " "'a'-'e', \\&'ez' for a Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive, with " "Y='a', \\&'xd' for XT compatible disk, with Y either 'a' or 'b'; 'fd' for " "floppy disk, with Y the floppy drive number\\(emfd0 would be the DOS 'A:' " "drive, and fd1 would be 'B:'), Y the driver letter or number, and N the " "number (in decimal) of the partition on this device (absent in the case of " "floppies). Recent kernels allow many other types, mostly for CD-ROMs: nfs, " "ram, scd, mcd, cdu535, aztcd, cm206cd, gscd, sbpcd, sonycd, bpcd. (The type " "nfs specifies a net boot; ram refers to a ram disk.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:210 msgid "" "Note that this has nothing to do with the designation of these devices on " "your filesystem. The '/dev/' part is purely conventional." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:217 msgid "" "The more awkward and less portable numeric specification of the above " "possible root devices in major/minor format is also accepted. (For example, " "I is major 8, minor 3, so you could use 'root=0x803' as an " "alternative.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:217 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'rootdelay='>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:221 msgid "" "This parameter sets the delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to " "mount the root filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:221 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'rootflags=...'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:226 msgid "" "This parameter sets the mount option string for the root filesystem (see " "also B(5))." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:226 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'rootfstype=...'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:234 msgid "" "The 'rootfstype' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem as if " "it where of the type specified. This can be useful (for example) to mount " "an ext3 filesystem as ext2 and then remove the journal in the root " "filesystem, in fact reverting its format from ext3 to ext2 without the need " "to boot the box from alternate media." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:234 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'ro'> and B<'rw'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:244 msgid "" "The 'ro' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem as 'read-only' " "so that filesystem consistency check programs (fsck) can do their work on a " "quiescent filesystem. No processes can write to files on the filesystem in " "question until it is 'remounted' as read/write capable, for example, by " "'mount -w -n -o remount /'. (See also B(8).)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:247 msgid "" "The 'rw' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem read/write. " "This is the default." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:248 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'resume=...'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:252 msgid "" "This tells the kernel the location of the suspend-to-disk data that you want " "the machine to resume from after hibernation. Usually, it is the same as " "your swap partition or file. Example:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:256 #, no-wrap msgid "resume=/dev/hda2\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:258 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'reserve=...'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:262 msgid "" "This is used to protect I/O port regions from probes. The form of the " "command is:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:266 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:275 msgid "" "In some machines it may be necessary to prevent device drivers from checking " "for devices (auto-probing) in a specific region. This may be because of " "hardware that reacts badly to the probing, or hardware that would be " "mistakenly identified, or merely hardware you don't want the kernel to " "initialize." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:280 msgid "" "The reserve boot-time argument specifies an I/O port region that shouldn't " "be probed. A device driver will not probe a reserved region, unless another " "boot argument explicitly specifies that it do so." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:282 msgid "For example, the boot line" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:286 #, no-wrap msgid "reserve=0x300,32 blah=0x300\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:291 msgid "" "keeps all device drivers except the driver for 'blah' from probing " "0x300-0x31f." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:291 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'mem=...'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:304 msgid "" "The BIOS call defined in the PC specification that returns the amount of " "installed memory was designed only to be able to report up to 64MB. Linux " "uses this BIOS call at boot to determine how much memory is installed. If " "you have more than 64MB of RAM installed, you can use this boot argument to " "tell Linux how much memory you have. The value is in decimal or hexadecimal " "(prefix 0x), and the suffixes 'k' (times 1024) or 'M' (times 1048576) can be " "used. Here is a quote from Linus on usage of the 'mem=' parameter." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:311 msgid "" "The kernel will accept any 'mem=xx' parameter you give it, and if it turns " "out that you lied to it, it will crash horribly sooner or later. The " "parameter indicates the highest addressable RAM address, so " "\\&'mem=0x1000000' means you have 16MB of memory, for example. For a 96MB " "machine this would be 'mem=0x6000000'." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:323 msgid "" "B: some machines might use the top of memory for BIOS caching or " "whatever, so you might not actually have up to the full 96MB addressable. " "The reverse is also true: some chipsets will map the physical memory that is " "covered by the BIOS area into the area just past the top of memory, so the " "top-of-mem might actually be 96MB + 384kB for example. If you tell linux " "that it has more memory than it actually does have, bad things will happen: " "maybe not at once, but surely eventually." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:328 msgid "" "You can also use the boot argument 'mem=nopentium' to turn off 4 MB page " "tables on kernels configured for IA32 systems with a pentium or newer CPU." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:328 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'panic=N'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:333 msgid "" "By default the kernel will not reboot after a panic, but this option will " "cause a kernel reboot after N seconds (if N is greater than zero). This " "panic timeout can also be set by" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:337 #, no-wrap msgid "echo N E /proc/sys/kernel/panic\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:339 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'reboot=[warm|cold][,[bios|hard]]'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:354 msgid "" "(Only when B is defined.) Since 2.0.22 a reboot is by " "default a cold reboot. One asks for the old default with 'reboot=warm'. (A " "cold reboot may be required to reset certain hardware, but might destroy not " "yet written data in a disk cache. A warm reboot may be faster.) By default " "a reboot is hard, by asking the keyboard controller to pulse the reset line " "low, but there is at least one type of motherboard where that doesn't work. " "The option 'reboot=bios' will instead jump through the BIOS." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:354 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'nosmp'> and B<'maxcpus=N'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:360 msgid "" "(Only when __SMP__ is defined.) A command-line option of 'nosmp' or " "'maxcpus=0' will disable SMP activation entirely; an option 'maxcpus=N' " "limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in SMP mode to N." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:360 #, no-wrap msgid "Boot arguments for use by kernel developers" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:361 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'debug'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:378 msgid "" "Kernel messages are handed off to the kernel log daemon klogd so that they " "may be logged to disk. Messages with a priority above I " "are also printed on the console. (For these levels, see " "Ilinux/kernel.hE>.) By default this variable is set to log " "anything more important than debug messages. This boot argument will cause " "the kernel to also print the messages of DEBUG priority. The console " "loglevel can also be set at run time via an option to klogd. See " "B(8)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:378 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'profile=N'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:396 msgid "" "It is possible to enable a kernel profiling function, if one wishes to find " "out where the kernel is spending its CPU cycles. Profiling is enabled by " "setting the variable I to a nonzero value. This is done either " "by specifying B at compile time, or by giving the 'profile=' " "option. Now the value that I gets will be N, when given, or " "B, when that is given, or 2, the default. The " "significance of this variable is that it gives the granularity of the " "profiling: each clock tick, if the system was executing kernel code, a " "counter is incremented:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:400 #, no-wrap msgid "profile[address EE prof_shift]++;\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:409 msgid "" "The raw profiling information can be read from I. Probably " "you'll want to use a tool such as readprofile.c to digest it. Writing to " "I will clear the counters." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:409 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'swap=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6,N7,N8'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:415 msgid "" "Set the eight parameters max_page_age, page_advance, page_decline, " "page_initial_age, age_cluster_fract, age_cluster_min, pageout_weight, " "bufferout_weight that control the kernel swap algorithm. For kernel tuners " "only." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:415 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'buff=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:421 msgid "" "Set the six parameters max_buff_age, buff_advance, buff_decline, " "buff_initial_age, bufferout_weight, buffermem_grace that control kernel " "buffer memory management. For kernel tuners only." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:421 #, no-wrap msgid "Boot arguments for ramdisk use" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:432 msgid "" "(Only if the kernel was compiled with B.) In general it " "is a bad idea to use a ramdisk under Linux\\(emthe system will use available " "memory more efficiently itself. But while booting (or while constructing " "boot floppies) it is often useful to load the floppy contents into a " "ramdisk. One might also have a system in which first some modules (for " "filesystem or hardware) must be loaded before the main disk can be accessed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:443 msgid "" "In Linux 1.3.48, ramdisk handling was changed drastically. Earlier, the " "memory was allocated statically, and there was a 'ramdisk=N' parameter to " "tell its size. (This could also be set in the kernel image at compile " "time.) These days ram disks use the buffer cache, and grow dynamically. " "For a lot of information in conjunction with the new ramdisk setup, see the " "kernel source file I " "(I in older kernels)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:445 msgid "There are four parameters, two boolean and two integral." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:445 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'load_ramdisk=N'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:450 msgid "" "If N=1, do load a ramdisk. If N=0, do not load a ramdisk. (This is the " "default.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:450 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'prompt_ramdisk=N'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:456 msgid "" "If N=1, do prompt for insertion of the floppy. (This is the default.) If " "N=0, do not prompt. (Thus, this parameter is never needed.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:456 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'ramdisk_size=N'> or (obsolete) B<'ramdisk=N'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:460 msgid "Set the maximal size of the ramdisk(s) to N kB. The default is 4096 (4 MB)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:460 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'ramdisk_start=N'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:465 msgid "" "Sets the starting block number (the offset on the floppy where the ramdisk " "starts) to N. This is needed in case the ramdisk follows a kernel image." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:465 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'noinitrd'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:484 msgid "" "(Only if the kernel was compiled with B and " "B.) These days it is possible to compile the kernel " "to use initrd. When this feature is enabled, the boot process will load the " "kernel and an initial ramdisk; then the kernel converts initrd into a " "\"normal\" ramdisk, which is mounted read-write as root device; then " "I is executed; afterward the \"real\" root filesystem is mounted, " "and the initrd filesystem is moved over to I; finally the usual " "boot sequence (e.g., invocation of I) is performed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:487 msgid "" "For a detailed description of the initrd feature, see the kernel source file " "I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:495 msgid "" "The 'noinitrd' option tells the kernel that although it was compiled for " "operation with initrd, it should not go through the above steps, but leave " "the initrd data under I. (This device can be used only once: " "the data is freed as soon as the last process that used it has closed " "I.)" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:495 #, no-wrap msgid "Boot arguments for SCSI devices" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:497 msgid "General notation for this section:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:502 msgid "" "I -- the first I/O port that the SCSI host occupies. These are " "specified in hexadecimal notation, and usually lie in the range from 0x200 " "to 0x3ff." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:510 msgid "" "I -- the hardware interrupt that the card is configured to use. Valid " "values will be dependent on the card in question, but will usually be 5, 7, " "9, 10, 11, 12, and 15. The other values are usually used for common " "peripherals like IDE hard disks, floppies, serial ports, and so on." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:518 msgid "" "I -- the ID that the host adapter uses to identify itself on the " "SCSI bus. Only some host adapters allow you to change this value, as most " "have it permanently specified internally. The usual default value is 7, but " "the Seagate and Future Domain TMC-950 boards use 6." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:526 msgid "" "I -- whether the SCSI host adapter expects the attached devices to " "supply a parity value with all information exchanges. Specifying a one " "indicates parity checking is enabled, and a zero disables parity checking. " "Again, not all adapters will support selection of parity behavior as a boot " "argument." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:526 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'max_scsi_luns=...'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:537 msgid "" "A SCSI device can have a number of 'subdevices' contained within itself. " "The most common example is one of the new SCSI CD-ROMs that handle more than " "one disk at a time. Each CD is addressed as a \\&'Logical Unit Number' " "(LUN) of that particular device. But most devices, such as hard disks, tape " "drives and such are only one device, and will be assigned to LUN zero." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:543 msgid "" "Some poorly designed SCSI devices cannot handle being probed for LUNs not " "equal to zero. Therefore, if the compile-time flag B " "is not set, newer kernels will by default probe only LUN zero." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:549 msgid "" "To specify the number of probed LUNs at boot, one enters " "\\&'max_scsi_luns=n' as a boot arg, where n is a number between one and " "eight. To avoid problems as described above, one would use n=1 to avoid " "upsetting such broken devices." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:549 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:553 msgid "" "Some boot time configuration of the SCSI tape driver can be achieved by " "using the following:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:557 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:572 msgid "" "The first two numbers are specified in units of kB. The default I " "is 32kB, and the maximum size that can be specified is a ridiculous " "16384kB. The I is the value at which the buffer is " "committed to tape, with a default value of 30kB. The maximum number of " "buffers varies with the number of drives detected, and has a default of " "two. An example usage would be:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:576 #, no-wrap msgid "st=32,30,2\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:584 msgid "" "Full details can be found in the file I (or " "I for older kernels) in the Linux kernel source." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:584 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:588 msgid "" "The aha numbers refer to cards and the aic numbers refer to the actual SCSI " "chip on these type of cards, including the Soundblaster-16 SCSI." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:593 msgid "" "The probe code for these SCSI hosts looks for an installed BIOS, and if none " "is present, the probe will not find your card. Then you will have to use a " "boot argument of the form:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:597 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:602 msgid "" "If the driver was compiled with debugging enabled, a sixth value can be " "specified to set the debug level." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:608 msgid "" "All the parameters are as described at the top of this section, and the " "I value will allow device disconnect/reconnect if a nonzero value " "is used. An example usage is as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:612 #, no-wrap msgid "aha152x=0x340,11,7,1\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:618 msgid "" "Note that the parameters must be specified in order, meaning that if you " "want to specify a parity setting, then you will have to specify an iobase, " "irq, scsi-id and reconnect value as well." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:618 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:626 msgid "" "The aha1542 series cards have an i82077 floppy controller onboard, while the " "aha1540 series cards do not. These are busmastering cards, and have " "parameters to set the \"fairness\" that is used to share the bus with other " "devices. The boot argument looks like the following." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:630 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:636 msgid "" "Valid iobase values are usually one of: 0x130, 0x134, 0x230, 0x234, 0x330, " "0x334. Clone cards may permit other values." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:644 msgid "" "The I, I values refer to the number of microseconds that the " "card dominates the ISA bus. The defaults are 11us on, and 4us off, so that " "other cards (such as an ISA LANCE Ethernet card) have a chance to get access " "to the ISA bus." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:655 msgid "" "The I value refers to the rate (in MB/s) at which the DMA (Direct " "Memory Access) transfers proceed. The default is 5MB/s. Newer revision " "cards allow you to select this value as part of the soft-configuration, " "older cards use jumpers. You can use values up to 10MB/s assuming that your " "motherboard is capable of handling it. Experiment with caution if using " "values over 5MB/s." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:655 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:658 msgid "These boards can accept an argument of the form:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:662 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:673 msgid "" "The I value, if nonzero, indicates that extended translation for " "large disks is enabled. The I value, if nonzero, tells the driver " "not to reset the SCSI bus when setting up the host adapter at boot." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:673 #, no-wrap msgid "B (or " "I for older kernels) in the Linux kernel " "source." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:814 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:821 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:831 msgid "" "where S is a comma-separated string of items keyword:value. Recognized " "keywords are: mpar (master_parity), spar (scsi_parity), disc " "(disconnection), specf (special_features), ultra (ultra_scsi), fsn " "(force_sync_nego), tags (default_tags), sync (default_sync), verb (verbose), " "debug (debug), burst (burst_max). For the function of the assigned values, " "see the kernel source file I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:831 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:838 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:843 msgid "" "Specify irq = 0 for noninterrupt driven mode. Set fastpio = 1 for fast pio " "mode, 0 for slow mode." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:843 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:848 msgid "" "The PAS16 uses a NC5380 SCSI chip, and newer models support jumperless " "configuration. The boot argument is of the form:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:852 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:859 msgid "" "The only difference is that you can specify an IRQ value of 255, which will " "tell the driver to work without using interrupts, albeit at a performance " "loss. The iobase is usually 0x388." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:859 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:863 msgid "" "If your card is not detected at boot time, you will then have to use a boot " "argument of the form:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:867 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:876 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:880 msgid "" "These cards are also based on the NCR5380 chip, and accept the following " "options:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:884 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:890 msgid "" "The valid values for I are as follows: 0xcc000, 0xc8000, 0xdc000, " "0xd8000." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:890 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:899 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:906 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:908 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:915 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:924 msgid "" "where S is a comma-separated string of options. Recognized options are " "nosync:bitmask, nodma:x, period:ns, disconnect:x, debug:x, clock:x, next. " "For details, see the kernel source file I." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:924 #, no-wrap msgid "Hard disks" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:925 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:930 msgid "" "The IDE driver accepts a number of parameters, which range from disk " "geometry specifications, to support for broken controller chips. " "Drive-specific options are specified by using 'hdX=' with X in 'a'-'h'." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:934 msgid "" "Non-drive-specific options are specified with the prefix 'hd='. Note that " "using a drive-specific prefix for a non-drive-specific option will still " "work, and the option will just be applied as expected." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:944 msgid "" "Also note that 'hd=' can be used to refer to the next unspecified drive in " "the (a, ..., h) sequence. For the following discussions, the 'hd=' option " "will be cited for brevity. See the file I (or " "I for older kernels) in the Linux kernel source " "for more details." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:944 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:955 msgid "" "These options are used to specify the physical geometry of the disk. Only " "the first three values are required. The cylinder/head/sectors values will " "be those used by fdisk. The write precompensation value is ignored for IDE " "disks. The IRQ value specified will be the IRQ used for the interface that " "the drive resides on, and is not really a drive-specific parameter." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:955 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:963 msgid "" "The dual IDE interface CMD-640 chip is broken as designed such that when " "drives on the secondary interface are used at the same time as drives on the " "primary interface, it will corrupt your data. Using this option tells the " "driver to make sure that both interfaces are never used at the same time." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:963 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:968 msgid "" "This option tells the driver that you have a DTC-2278D IDE interface. The " "driver then tries to do DTC-specific operations to enable the second " "interface and to enable faster transfer modes." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:968 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:972 msgid "Do not probe for this drive. For example," msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:976 #, no-wrap msgid "hdb=noprobe hdb=1166,7,17\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:982 msgid "" "would disable the probe, but still specify the drive geometry so that it " "would be registered as a valid block device, and hence usable." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:982 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:988 msgid "" "Some drives apparently have the B bit stuck on permanently. " "This enables a work-around for these broken devices." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:988 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:994 msgid "" "This tells the IDE driver that there is an ATAPI compatible CD-ROM attached " "in place of a normal IDE hard disk. In most cases the CD-ROM is identified " "automatically, but if it isn't then this may help." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:994 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1060 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1062 #, no-wrap msgid "IBM MCA bus devices" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1065 msgid "See also the kernel source file I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1065 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1068 msgid "It is possible to specify the desired geometry at boot time:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1072 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1076 msgid "For a ThinkPad-720, add the option" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1080 #, no-wrap msgid "B.\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1082 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1089 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1095 msgid "where N is the I (SCSI ID) of the subsystem." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1095 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1098 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1214 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1223 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1238 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1247 msgid "The syntax for this type of card is:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1102 #, no-wrap msgid "aztcd=iobase[,magic_number]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1109 msgid "" "If you set the magic_number to 0x79, then the driver will try and run anyway " "in the event of an unknown firmware version. All other values are ignored." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1109 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1117 #, no-wrap msgid "" "pcd.driveN=prt,pro,uni,mod,slv,dly\n" "pcd.nice=nice\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1126 msgid "" "where 'port' is the base address, 'pro' is the protocol number, 'uni' is the " "unit selector (for chained devices), 'mod' is the mode (or -1 to choose the " "best automatically), 'slv' is 1 if it should be a slave, and 'dly' is a " "small integer for slowing down port accesses. The 'nice' parameter controls " "the driver's use of idle CPU time, at the expense of some speed." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1126 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1131 msgid "" "This CD-ROM interface is found on some of the Pro Audio Spectrum sound " "cards, and other Sony supplied interface cards. The syntax is as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1135 #, no-wrap msgid "cdu31a=iobase,[irq[,is_pas_card]]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1143 msgid "" "Specifying an IRQ value of zero tells the driver that hardware interrupts " "aren't supported (as on some PAS cards). If your card supports interrupts, " "you should use them as it cuts down on the CPU usage of the driver." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1148 msgid "" "The I should be entered as 'PAS' if using a Pro Audio Spectrum " "card, and otherwise it should not be specified at all." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1148 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1151 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1163 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1187 msgid "The syntax for this CD-ROM interface is:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1155 #, no-wrap msgid "sonycd535=iobase[,irq]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1160 msgid "" "A zero can be used for the I/O base as a 'placeholder' if one wishes to " "specify an IRQ value." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1160 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1167 #, no-wrap msgid "gscd=iobase\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1169 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1176 #, no-wrap msgid "isp16=[iobase[,irq[,dma[,type]]]]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1184 msgid "" "(Three integers and a string.) If the type is given as 'noisp16', the " "interface will not be configured. Other recognized types are: 'Sanyo\", " "'Sony', 'Panasonic' and 'Mitsumi'." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1184 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1191 #, no-wrap msgid "mcd=iobase,[irq[,wait_value]]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1201 msgid "" "The I is used as an internal timeout value for people who are " "having problems with their drive, and may or may not be implemented " "depending on a compile-time #define. The Mitsumi FX400 is an IDE/ATAPI " "CD-ROM player and does not use the mcd driver." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1201 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1205 msgid "" "This is for the same hardware as above, but the driver has extended " "features. Syntax:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1209 #, no-wrap msgid "mcdx=iobase[,irq]\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1211 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1218 #, no-wrap msgid "optcd=iobase\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1220 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1227 #, no-wrap msgid "cm206=[iobase][,irq]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1235 msgid "" "The driver assumes numbers between 3 and 11 are IRQ values, and numbers " "between 0x300 and 0x370 are I/O ports, so you can specify one, or both " "numbers, in any order. It also accepts 'cm206=auto' to enable autoprobing." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1235 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1242 #, no-wrap msgid "sjcd=iobase[,irq[,dma_channel]]\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1244 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1251 #, no-wrap msgid "sbpcd=iobase,type\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1258 msgid "" "where type is one of the following (case sensitive) strings: " "\\&'SoundBlaster', 'LaserMate', or 'SPEA'. The I/O base is that of the " "CD-ROM interface, and not that of the sound portion of the card." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1258 #, no-wrap msgid "Ethernet devices" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1262 msgid "" "Different drivers make use of different parameters, but they all at least " "share having an IRQ, an I/O port base value, and a name. In its most " "generic form, it looks something like this:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1266 #, no-wrap msgid "ether=irq,iobase[,param_1[,...param_8]],name\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1275 msgid "" "The first nonnumeric argument is taken as the name. The param_n values (if " "applicable) usually have different meanings for each different card/driver. " "Typical param_n values are used to specify things like shared memory " "address, interface selection, DMA channel and the like." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1279 msgid "" "The most common use of this parameter is to force probing for a second " "ethercard, as the default is to probe only for one. This can be " "accomplished with a simple:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1283 #, no-wrap msgid "ether=0,0,eth1\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1288 msgid "" "Note that the values of zero for the IRQ and I/O base in the above example " "tell the driver(s) to autoprobe." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1294 msgid "" "The Ethernet-HowTo has extensive documentation on using multiple cards and " "on the card/driver-specific implementation of the param_n values where " "used. Interested readers should refer to the section in that document on " "their particular card." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1294 #, no-wrap msgid "The floppy disk driver" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1302 msgid "" "There are many floppy driver options, and they are all listed in " "I (or I for older " "kernels) in the Linux kernel source. This information is taken directly " "from that file." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1302 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1312 msgid "" "Sets the bit mask of allowed drives to mask. By default, only units 0 and 1 " "of each floppy controller are allowed. This is done because certain " "nonstandard hardware (ASUS PCI motherboards) mess up the keyboard when " "accessing units 2 or 3. This option is somewhat obsoleted by the cmos " "option." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1312 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1317 msgid "" "Sets the bit mask of allowed drives to all drives. Use this if you have " "more than two drives connected to a floppy controller." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1317 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1321 msgid "Sets the bit mask to allow only units 0 and 1. (The default)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1321 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1328 msgid "" "Tells the floppy driver that you have a well behaved floppy controller. " "This allows more efficient and smoother operation, but may fail on certain " "controllers. This may speed up certain operations." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1328 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1332 msgid "" "Tells the floppy driver that your floppy controller should be used with " "caution." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1332 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1335 msgid "Tells the floppy driver that you have only floppy controller (default)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1335 #, no-wrap msgid "B or B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1341 msgid "" "Tells the floppy driver that you have two floppy controllers. The second " "floppy controller is assumed to be at address. If address is not given, " "0x370 is assumed." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1341 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1346 msgid "" "Tells the floppy driver that you have a Thinkpad. Thinkpads use an inverted " "convention for the disk change line." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1346 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1349 msgid "Tells the floppy driver that you don't have a Thinkpad." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1349 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1360 msgid "" "Sets the cmos type of drive to type. Additionally, this drive is allowed in " "the bit mask. This is useful if you have more than two floppy drives (only " "two can be described in the physical cmos), or if your BIOS uses nonstandard " "CMOS types. Setting the CMOS to 0 for the first two drives (default) makes " "the floppy driver read the physical cmos for those drives." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1360 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1364 msgid "" "Print a warning message when an unexpected interrupt is received (default " "behavior)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1364 #, no-wrap msgid "B or B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1372 msgid "" "Don't print a message when an unexpected interrupt is received. This is " "needed on IBM L40SX laptops in certain video modes. (There seems to be an " "interaction between video and floppy. The unexpected interrupts only affect " "performance, and can safely be ignored.)" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1372 #, no-wrap msgid "The sound driver" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1382 msgid "" "The sound driver can also accept boot arguments to override the compiled in " "values. This is not recommended, as it is rather complex. It is described " "in the Linux kernel source file I " "(I in older kernel versions). It accepts a boot " "argument of the form:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1386 #, no-wrap msgid "sound=device1[,device2[,device3...[,device10]]]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1391 msgid "" "where each deviceN value is of the following format 0xTaaaId and the bytes " "are used as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1394 msgid "T - device type: 1=FM, 2=SB, 3=PAS, 4=GUS, 5=MPU401, 6=SB16, 7=SB16-MPU401" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1396 msgid "aaa - I/O address in hex." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1398 msgid "I - interrupt line in hex (i.e 10=a, 11=b, ...)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1400 msgid "d - DMA channel." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1405 msgid "" "As you can see it gets pretty messy, and you are better off to compile in " "your own personal values as recommended. Using a boot argument of " "\\&'sound=0' will disable the sound driver entirely." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1405 #, no-wrap msgid "ISDN drivers" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1406 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1413 #, no-wrap msgid "icn=iobase,membase,icn_id1,icn_id2\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1418 msgid "" "where icn_id1,icn_id2 are two strings used to identify the card in kernel " "messages." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1418 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1425 #, no-wrap msgid "pcbit=membase1,irq1[,membase2,irq2]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1432 msgid "" "where membaseN is the shared memory base of the N'th card, and irqN is the " "interrupt setting of the N'th card. The default is IRQ 5 and membase " "0xD0000." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1432 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1439 #, no-wrap msgid "teles=iobase,irq,membase,protocol,teles_id\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1445 msgid "" "where iobase is the I/O port address of the card, membase is the shared " "memory base address of the card, irq is the interrupt channel the card uses, " "and teles_id is the unique ASCII string identifier." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1445 #, no-wrap msgid "Serial port drivers" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1446 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1560 #, no-wrap msgid "wdt=io,irq\n" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1562 #, no-wrap msgid "Mouse drivers" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1563 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'bmouse=irq'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1567 msgid "" "The busmouse driver accepts only one parameter, that being the hardware IRQ " "value to be used." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1567 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'msmouse=irq'>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1570 msgid "And precisely the same is true for the msmouse driver." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1570 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1577 #, no-wrap msgid "atamouse=threshold[,y-threshold]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1585 msgid "" "If only one argument is given, it is used for both x-threshold and " "y-threshold. Otherwise, the first argument is the x-threshold, and the " "second the y-threshold. These values must lie between 1 and 20 (inclusive); " "the default is 2." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1585 #, no-wrap msgid "Video hardware" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1586 #, no-wrap msgid "B<'no-scroll'>" msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHORS #. Linus Torvalds (and many others) #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1595 msgid "" "This option tells the console driver not to use hardware scroll (where a " "scroll is effected by moving the screen origin in video memory, instead of " "moving the data). It is required by certain Braille machines." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1598 msgid "B(8), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1604 msgid "" "Large parts of this man page have been derived from the Boot Parameter HOWTO " "(version 1.0.1) written by Paul Gortmaker. More information may be found in " "this (or a more recent) HOWTO. An up-to-date source of information is the " "kernel source file I." msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:28 #, no-wrap msgid "REBOOT" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:28 #, no-wrap msgid "2015-02-01" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:31 msgid "reboot - reboot or enable/disable Ctrl-Alt-Del" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:36 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/* For libc4 and libc5 the library call and the system call\n" " are identical, and since kernel version 2.1.30 there are\n" " symbolic names LINUX_REBOOT_* for the constants and a\n" " fourth argument to the call: */\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:38 build/C/man2/reboot.2:48 build/C/man2/sync.2:41 msgid "B<#include Eunistd.hE>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:40 msgid "B<#include Elinux/reboot.hE>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:42 msgid "" "BIB<, int >IB<, int >IB<, void " "*>IB<);>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:46 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/* Under glibc some of the constants involved have gotten\n" " symbolic names RB_*, and the library call is a 1-argument\n" " wrapper around the 3-argument system call: */\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:50 msgid "B<#include Esys/reboot.hE>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:52 msgid "BIB<);>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:59 msgid "" "The B() call reboots the system, or enables/disables the reboot " "keystroke (abbreviated CAD, since the default is Ctrl-Alt-Delete; it can be " "changed using B(1))." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:83 msgid "" "This system call will fail (with B) unless I equals " "B (that is, 0xfee1dead) and I equals " "B (that is, 672274793). However, since 2.1.17 also " "B (that is, 85072278) and since 2.1.97 also " "B (that is, 369367448) and since 2.5.71 also " "B (that is, 537993216) are permitted as values for " "I. (The hexadecimal values of these constants are meaningful.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:87 msgid "The I argument can have the following values:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:87 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:97 msgid "" "(B, 0). CAD is disabled. This means that the CAD keystroke " "will cause a B signal to be sent to init (process 1), whereupon this " "process may decide upon a proper action (maybe: kill all processes, sync, " "reboot)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:97 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:105 msgid "" "(B, 0x89abcdef). CAD is enabled. This means that the CAD " "keystroke will immediately cause the action associated with " "B." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:105 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:114 msgid "" "(B, 0xcdef0123; since Linux 1.1.76). The message \"System " "halted.\" is printed, and the system is halted. Control is given to the ROM " "monitor, if there is one. If not preceded by a B(2), data will be " "lost." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:114 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:122 msgid "" "(B, 0x45584543, since Linux 2.6.13). Execute a kernel that has " "been loaded earlier with B(2). This option is available only if " "the kernel was configured with B." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:122 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:131 msgid "" "(B, 0x4321fedc; since Linux 2.1.30). The message \"Power " "down.\" is printed, the system is stopped, and all power is removed from the " "system, if possible. If not preceded by a B(2), data will be lost." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:131 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:140 msgid "" "(B, 0x1234567). The message \"Restarting system.\" is printed, " "and a default restart is performed immediately. If not preceded by a " "B(2), data will be lost." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:140 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:150 msgid "" "(0xa1b2c3d4; since Linux 2.1.30). The message \"Restarting system with " "command \\(aq%s\\(aq\" is printed, and a restart (using the command string " "given in I) is performed immediately. If not preceded by a " "B(2), data will be lost." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:150 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:157 msgid "" "(B, 0xd000fce1; since Linux 2.5.18). The system is suspended " "(hibernated) to disk. This option is available only if the kernel was " "configured with B." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:160 msgid "Only the superuser may call B()." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:166 msgid "" "The precise effect of the above actions depends on the architecture. For " "the i386 architecture, the additional argument does not do anything at " "present (2.1.122), but the type of reboot can be determined by kernel " "command-line arguments (\"reboot=...\") to be either warm or cold, and " "either hard or through the BIOS." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:166 #, no-wrap msgid "Behavior inside PID namespaces" msgstr "" #. commit cf3f89214ef6a33fad60856bc5ffd7bb2fc4709b #. see also commit 923c7538236564c46ee80c253a416705321f13e3 #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:187 msgid "" "Since Linux 3.4, when B() is called from a PID namespace (see " "B(7)) other than the initial PID namespace, the effect of " "the call is to send a signal to the namespace \"init\" process. " "B and B cause a " "B signal to be sent. B and " "B cause a B signal to be sent." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:200 msgid "" "For the values of I that stop or restart the system, a successful call " "to B() does not return. For the other I values, zero is " "returned on success. In all cases, -1 is returned on failure, and I " "is set appropriately." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:205 msgid "Problem with getting user-space data under B." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:208 msgid "Bad magic numbers or I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:215 msgid "" "The calling process has insufficient privilege to call B(); the " "B capability is required." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:219 msgid "" "B() is Linux-specific, and should not be used in programs intended " "to be portable." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:227 msgid "" "B(2), B(2), B(7), B(7), " "B(8), B(8), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man2/sync.2:36 #, no-wrap msgid "SYNC" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:39 msgid "sync, syncfs - commit buffer cache to disk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:43 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:45 msgid "BIB<);>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:49 msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B(7)):" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:52 msgid "B():" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:56 msgid "" "_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E=\\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ " "_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:60 msgid "B():" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:63 msgid "_GNU_SOURCE" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:69 msgid "" "B() causes all buffered modifications to file metadata and data to be " "written to the underlying filesystems." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:76 msgid "" "B() is like B(), but synchronizes just the filesystem " "containing file referred to by the open file descriptor I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:82 msgid "" "B() returns 0 on success; on error, it returns -1 and sets I " "to indicate the error." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:85 msgid "B() is always successful." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:88 msgid "B() can fail for at least the following reason:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/sync.2:88 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:92 msgid "I is not a valid file descriptor." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man2/sync.2:92 #, no-wrap msgid "VERSIONS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:96 msgid "" "B() first appeared in Linux 2.6.39; library support was added to " "glibc in version 2.14." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:99 msgid "B(): SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:102 msgid "B() is Linux-specific." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man2/sync.2:102 #, no-wrap msgid "NOTES" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:111 msgid "" "Since glibc 2.2.2, the Linux prototype for B() is as listed above, " "following the various standards. In glibc 2.2.1 and earlier, it was \"int " "sync(void)\", and B() always returned 0." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man2/sync.2:111 #, no-wrap msgid "BUGS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:119 msgid "" "According to the standard specification (e.g., POSIX.1-2001), B() " "schedules the writes, but may return before the actual writing is done. " "However, since version 1.3.20 Linux does actually wait. (This still does " "not guarantee data integrity: modern disks have large caches.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/sync.2:124 msgid "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(1)" msgstr ""