# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-02-04 23:33+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "CPU_SET"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "2012-03-15"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:27 build/C/man2/clone.2:42 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:28 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:29 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:26 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:29 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:34 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:26 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:26 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:29 build/C/man7/sched.7:32 build/C/man2/setns.2:8 build/C/man2/unshare.2:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:27 build/C/man2/clone.2:42 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:28 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:29 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:26 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:29 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:34 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:26 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:26 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:29 build/C/man7/sched.7:32 build/C/man2/setns.2:8 build/C/man2/unshare.2:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:28 build/C/man2/clone.2:43 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:29 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:30 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:27 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:35 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:27 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:31 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:27 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:30 build/C/man7/sched.7:33 build/C/man2/setns.2:9 build/C/man2/unshare.2:21
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:35
msgid ""
"CPU_SET, CPU_CLR, CPU_ISSET, CPU_ZERO, CPU_COUNT, CPU_AND, CPU_OR, CPU_XOR, "
"CPU_EQUAL, CPU_ALLOC, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE, CPU_FREE, CPU_SET_S, CPU_CLR_S, "
"CPU_ISSET_S, CPU_ZERO_S, CPU_COUNT_S, CPU_AND_S, CPU_OR_S, CPU_XOR_S, "
"CPU_EQUAL_S - macros for manipulating CPU sets"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:35 build/C/man2/clone.2:45 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:31 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:32 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:29 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:32 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:38 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:33 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:32 build/C/man2/setns.2:11 build/C/man2/unshare.2:23
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:39 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:42 build/C/man2/setns.2:15
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<#define _GNU_SOURCE>             /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
"B<#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<void CPU_ZERO(cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<void CPU_SET(int >I<cpu>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
"B<void CPU_CLR(int >I<cpu>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
"B<int  CPU_ISSET(int >I<cpu>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int  CPU_COUNT(cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:54
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<void CPU_AND(cpu_set_t *>I<destset>B<,>\n"
"B<             cpu_set_t *>I<srcset1>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<srcset2>B<);>\n"
"B<void CPU_OR(cpu_set_t *>I<destset>B<,>\n"
"B<             cpu_set_t *>I<srcset1>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<srcset2>B<);>\n"
"B<void CPU_XOR(cpu_set_t *>I<destset>B<,>\n"
"B<             cpu_set_t *>I<srcset1>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<srcset2>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:56
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int  CPU_EQUAL(cpu_set_t *>I<set1>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set2>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:60
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<cpu_set_t *CPU_ALLOC(int >I<num_cpus>B<);>\n"
"B<void CPU_FREE(cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
"B<size_t CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(int >I<num_cpus>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:62
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<void CPU_ZERO_S(size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:66
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<void CPU_SET_S(int >I<cpu>B<, size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t "
"*>I<set>B<);>\n"
"B<void CPU_CLR_S(int >I<cpu>B<, size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t "
"*>I<set>B<);>\n"
"B<int  CPU_ISSET_S(int >I<cpu>B<, size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t "
"*>I<set>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:68
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int  CPU_COUNT_S(size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:75
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<void CPU_AND_S(size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<destset>B<,>\n"
"B<             cpu_set_t *>I<srcset1>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<srcset2>B<);>\n"
"B<void CPU_OR_S(size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<destset>B<,>\n"
"B<             cpu_set_t *>I<srcset1>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<srcset2>B<);>\n"
"B<void CPU_XOR_S(size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<destset>B<,>\n"
"B<             cpu_set_t *>I<srcset1>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<srcset2>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:78
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int  CPU_EQUAL_S(size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set1>B<, cpu_set_t "
"*>I<set2>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:79 build/C/man2/clone.2:83 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:41 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:38 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:55 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:36 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:49 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:41 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:47 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:41 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:36 build/C/man7/sched.7:35 build/C/man2/setns.2:18 build/C/man2/unshare.2:50
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:86
msgid ""
"The I<cpu_set_t> data structure represents a set of CPUs.  CPU sets are used "
"by B<sched_setaffinity>(2)  and similar interfaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:93
msgid ""
"The I<cpu_set_t> data type is implemented as a bit set.  However, the data "
"structure treated as considered opaque: all manipulation of CPU sets should "
"be done via the macros described in this page."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:96
msgid "The following macros are provided to operate on the CPU set I<set>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:96
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_ZERO>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:101
msgid "Clears I<set>, so that it contains no CPUs."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:101
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_SET>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:107
msgid "Add CPU I<cpu> to I<set>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:107
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_CLR>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:113
msgid "Remove CPU I<cpu> from I<set>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:113
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_ISSET>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:119
msgid "Test to see if CPU I<cpu> is a member of I<set>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:119
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_COUNT>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:123
msgid "Return the number of CPUs in I<set>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:128
msgid ""
"Where a I<cpu> argument is specified, it should not produce side effects, "
"since the above macros may evaluate the argument more than once."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:139
msgid ""
"The first available CPU on the system corresponds to a I<cpu> value of 0, "
"the next CPU corresponds to a I<cpu> value of 1, and so on.  The constant "
"B<CPU_SETSIZE> (currently 1024) specifies a value one greater than the "
"maximum CPU number that can be stored in I<cpu_set_t>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:141
msgid "The following macros perform logical operations on CPU sets:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:141
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_AND>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:150
msgid ""
"Store the intersection of the sets I<srcset1> and I<srcset2> in I<destset> "
"(which may be one of the source sets)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:150
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_OR>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:159
msgid ""
"Store the union of the sets I<srcset1> and I<srcset2> in I<destset> (which "
"may be one of the source sets)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:159
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_XOR>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:173
msgid ""
"Store the XOR of the sets I<srcset1> and I<srcset2> in I<destset> (which may "
"be one of the source sets).  The XOR means the set of CPUs that are in "
"either I<srcset1> or I<srcset2>, but not both."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:173
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_EQUAL>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:176
msgid "Test whether two CPU set contain exactly the same CPUs."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:176
#, no-wrap
msgid "Dynamically sized CPU sets"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:182
msgid ""
"Because some applications may require the ability to dynamically size CPU "
"sets (e.g., to allocate sets larger than that defined by the standard "
"I<cpu_set_t> data type), glibc nowadays provides a set of macros to support "
"this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:184
msgid "The following macros are used to allocate and deallocate CPU sets:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:184
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_ALLOC>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:189
msgid ""
"Allocate a CPU set large enough to hold CPUs in the range 0 to "
"I<num_cpus-1>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:189
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_ALLOC_SIZE>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:199
msgid ""
"Return the size in bytes of the CPU set that would be needed to hold CPUs in "
"the range 0 to I<num_cpus-1>.  This macro provides the value that can be "
"used for the I<setsize> argument in the B<CPU_*_S>()  macros described "
"below."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:199
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_FREE>()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:203
msgid "Free a CPU set previously allocated by B<CPU_ALLOC>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:210
msgid ""
"The macros whose names end with \"_S\" are the analogs of the similarly "
"named macros without the suffix.  These macros perform the same tasks as "
"their analogs, but operate on the dynamically allocated CPU set(s) whose "
"size is I<setsize> bytes."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:210 build/C/man2/clone.2:873 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:127 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:97 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:58 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:73 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:107 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:262 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:87 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:135 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:41 build/C/man2/setns.2:138 build/C/man2/unshare.2:277
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:219
msgid ""
"B<CPU_ISSET>()  and B<CPU_ISSET_S>()  return nonzero if I<cpu> is in I<set>; "
"otherwise, it returns 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:225
msgid "B<CPU_COUNT>()  and B<CPU_COUNT_S>()  return the number of CPUs in I<set>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:230
msgid ""
"B<CPU_EQUAL>()  and B<CPU_EQUAL_S>()  return nonzero if the two CPU sets are "
"equal; otherwise it returns 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:235
msgid ""
"B<CPU_ALLOC>()  returns a pointer on success, or NULL on failure.  (Errors "
"are as for B<malloc>(3).)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:239
msgid ""
"B<CPU_ALLOC_SIZE>()  returns the number of bytes required to store a CPU set "
"of the specified cardinality."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:241
msgid "The other functions do not return a value."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:241 build/C/man2/clone.2:1031 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:198 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:70 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:148 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:348 build/C/man2/setns.2:186 build/C/man2/unshare.2:330
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:249
msgid ""
"The B<CPU_ZERO>(), B<CPU_SET>(), B<CPU_CLR>(), and B<CPU_ISSET>()  macros "
"were added in glibc 2.3.3."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:252
msgid "B<CPU_COUNT>()  first appeared in glibc 2.6."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:270
msgid ""
"B<CPU_AND>(), B<CPU_OR>(), B<CPU_XOR>(), B<CPU_EQUAL>(), B<CPU_ALLOC>(), "
"B<CPU_ALLOC_SIZE>(), B<CPU_FREE>(), B<CPU_ZERO_S>(), B<CPU_SET_S>(), "
"B<CPU_CLR_S>(), B<CPU_ISSET_S>(), B<CPU_AND_S>(), B<CPU_OR_S>(), "
"B<CPU_XOR_S>(), and B<CPU_EQUAL_S>()  first appeared in glibc 2.7."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:270 build/C/man2/clone.2:1038 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:202 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:113 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:77 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:94 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:159 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:351 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:119 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:170 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:52 build/C/man2/setns.2:191 build/C/man2/unshare.2:334
#, no-wrap
msgid "CONFORMING TO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:272
msgid "These interfaces are Linux-specific."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:272 build/C/man2/clone.2:1042 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:205 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:80 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:96 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:161 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:353 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:121 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:173 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:54 build/C/man7/sched.7:611 build/C/man2/setns.2:195 build/C/man2/unshare.2:338
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:275
msgid "To duplicate a CPU set, use B<memcpy>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:282
msgid ""
"Since CPU sets are bit sets allocated in units of long words, the actual "
"number of CPUs in a dynamically allocated CPU set will be rounded up to the "
"next multiple of I<sizeof(unsigned long)>.  An application should consider "
"the contents of these extra bits to be undefined."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:294
msgid ""
"Notwithstanding the similarity in the names, note that the constant "
"B<CPU_SETSIZE> indicates the number of CPUs in the I<cpu_set_t> data type "
"(thus, it is effectively a count of bits in the bit set), while the "
"I<setsize> argument of the B<CPU_*_S>()  macros is a size in bytes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:300
msgid ""
"The data types for arguments and return values shown in the SYNOPSIS are "
"hints what about is expected in each case.  However, since these interfaces "
"are implemented as macros, the compiler won't necessarily catch all type "
"errors if you violate the suggestions."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:300 build/C/man2/clone.2:1067 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:369 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "BUGS"
msgstr ""

#.  http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7029
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:312
msgid ""
"On 32-bit platforms with glibc 2.8 and earlier, B<CPU_ALLOC>()  allocates "
"twice as much space as is required, and B<CPU_ALLOC_SIZE>()  returns a value "
"twice as large as it should.  This bug should not affect the semantics of a "
"program, but does result in wasted memory and less efficient operation of "
"the macros that operate on dynamically allocated CPU sets.  These bugs are "
"fixed in glibc 2.9."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:312 build/C/man2/clone.2:1109 build/C/man2/setns.2:201 build/C/man2/unshare.2:372
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:315
msgid ""
"The following program demonstrates the use of some of the macros used for "
"dynamically allocated CPU sets."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:323
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>assert.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:330
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    cpu_set_t *cpusetp;\n"
"    size_t size;\n"
"    int num_cpus, cpu;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:335
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc E<lt> 2) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>num-cpusE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:337
#, no-wrap
msgid "    num_cpus = atoi(argv[1]);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:343
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    cpusetp = CPU_ALLOC(num_cpus);\n"
"    if (cpusetp == NULL) {\n"
"        perror(\"CPU_ALLOC\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:345
#, no-wrap
msgid "    size = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(num_cpus);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:349
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    CPU_ZERO_S(size, cpusetp);\n"
"    for (cpu = 0; cpu E<lt> num_cpus; cpu += 2)\n"
"        CPU_SET_S(cpu, size, cpusetp);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:351
#, no-wrap
msgid "    printf(\"CPU_COUNT() of set:    %d\\en\", CPU_COUNT_S(size, cpusetp));\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:355
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    CPU_FREE(cpusetp);\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:356 build/C/man2/clone.2:1206 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:222 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:115 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:100 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:132 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:226 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:385 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:127 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:222 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:79 build/C/man7/sched.7:664 build/C/man2/setns.2:288 build/C/man2/unshare.2:459
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:361
msgid ""
"B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<pthread_attr_setaffinity_np>(3), "
"B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3), B<cpuset>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:361 build/C/man2/clone.2:1221 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:225 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:125 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:103 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:134 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:248 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:408 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:142 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:242 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:81 build/C/man7/sched.7:702 build/C/man2/setns.2:295 build/C/man2/unshare.2:470
#, no-wrap
msgid "COLOPHON"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:369 build/C/man2/clone.2:1229 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:233 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:133 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:111 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:142 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:256 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:416 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:150 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:250 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:89 build/C/man7/sched.7:710 build/C/man2/setns.2:303 build/C/man2/unshare.2:478
msgid ""
"This page is part of release 3.79 of the Linux I<man-pages> project.  A "
"description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest "
"version of this page, can be found at "
"\\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:42
#, no-wrap
msgid "CLONE"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:42 build/C/man2/unshare.2:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-09-21"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:45
msgid "clone, __clone2 - create a child process"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:48
#, no-wrap
msgid "/* Prototype for the glibc wrapper function */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:50 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:32 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:33 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:36 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:33 build/C/man2/unshare.2:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:55
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int clone(int (*>I<fn>B<)(void *), void *>I<child_stack>B<,>\n"
"B<          int >I<flags>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, ... >\n"
"B<          /* pid_t *>I<ptid>B<, struct user_desc *>I<tls>B<, pid_t "
"*>I<ctid>B< */ );>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:57
#, no-wrap
msgid "/* Prototype for the raw system call */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:61
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<long clone(unsigned long >I<flags>B<, void *>I<child_stack>B<,>\n"
"B<          void *>I<ptid>B<, void *>I<ctid>B<,>\n"
"B<          struct pt_regs *>I<regs>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:66
msgid ""
"Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc wrapper function (see "
"B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:69
msgid "B<clone>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:72 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:45 build/C/man2/unshare.2:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "Since glibc 2.14:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:75 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:48 build/C/man2/unshare.2:42
msgid "_GNU_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#.  See http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:75 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:48 build/C/man2/unshare.2:42
#, no-wrap
msgid "Before glibc 2.14:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:80 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:52 build/C/man2/unshare.2:47
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE\n"
"    /* _GNU_SOURCE also suffices */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:87
msgid "B<clone>()  creates a new process, in a manner similar to B<fork>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:94
msgid ""
"This page describes both the glibc B<clone>()  wrapper function and the "
"underlying system call on which it is based.  The main text describes the "
"wrapper function; the differences for the raw system call are described "
"toward the end of this page."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:106
msgid ""
"Unlike B<fork>(2), B<clone>()  allows the child process to share parts of "
"its execution context with the calling process, such as the memory space, "
"the table of file descriptors, and the table of signal handlers.  (Note that "
"on this manual page, \"calling process\" normally corresponds to \"parent "
"process\".  But see the description of B<CLONE_PARENT> below.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:111
msgid ""
"The main use of B<clone>()  is to implement threads: multiple threads of "
"control in a program that run concurrently in a shared memory space."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:131
msgid ""
"When the child process is created with B<clone>(), it executes the function "
"I<fn>(I<arg>).  (This differs from B<fork>(2), where execution continues in "
"the child from the point of the B<fork>(2)  call.)  The I<fn> argument is a "
"pointer to a function that is called by the child process at the beginning "
"of its execution.  The I<arg> argument is passed to the I<fn> function."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:141
msgid ""
"When the I<fn>(I<arg>)  function application returns, the child process "
"terminates.  The integer returned by I<fn> is the exit code for the child "
"process.  The child process may also terminate explicitly by calling "
"B<exit>(2)  or after receiving a fatal signal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:157
msgid ""
"The I<child_stack> argument specifies the location of the stack used by the "
"child process.  Since the child and calling process may share memory, it is "
"not possible for the child process to execute in the same stack as the "
"calling process.  The calling process must therefore set up memory space for "
"the child stack and pass a pointer to this space to B<clone>().  Stacks grow "
"downward on all processors that run Linux (except the HP PA processors), so "
"I<child_stack> usually points to the topmost address of the memory space set "
"up for the child stack."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:173
msgid ""
"The low byte of I<flags> contains the number of the I<termination signal> "
"sent to the parent when the child dies.  If this signal is specified as "
"anything other than B<SIGCHLD>, then the parent process must specify the "
"B<__WALL> or B<__WCLONE> options when waiting for the child with "
"B<wait>(2).  If no signal is specified, then the parent process is not "
"signaled when the child terminates."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:178
msgid ""
"I<flags> may also be bitwise-or'ed with zero or more of the following "
"constants, in order to specify what is shared between the calling process "
"and the child process:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:178
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> (since Linux 2.5.49)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:188
msgid ""
"Erase child thread ID at location I<ctid> in child memory when the child "
"exits, and do a wakeup on the futex at that address.  The address involved "
"may be changed by the B<set_tid_address>(2)  system call.  This is used by "
"threading libraries."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:188
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> (since Linux 2.5.49)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:193
msgid "Store child thread ID at location I<ctid> in child memory."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:193
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_FILES> (since Linux 2.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:206
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_FILES> is set, the calling process and the child process share "
"the same file descriptor table.  Any file descriptor created by the calling "
"process or by the child process is also valid in the other process.  "
"Similarly, if one of the processes closes a file descriptor, or changes its "
"associated flags (using the B<fcntl>(2)  B<F_SETFD> operation), the other "
"process is also affected."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:220
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_FILES> is not set, the child process inherits a copy of all file "
"descriptors opened in the calling process at the time of B<clone>().  (The "
"duplicated file descriptors in the child refer to the same open file "
"descriptions (see B<open>(2))  as the corresponding file descriptors in the "
"calling process.)  Subsequent operations that open or close file "
"descriptors, or change file descriptor flags, performed by either the "
"calling process or the child process do not affect the other process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:220
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_FS> (since Linux 2.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:235
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_FS> is set, the caller and the child process share the same "
"filesystem information.  This includes the root of the filesystem, the "
"current working directory, and the umask.  Any call to B<chroot>(2), "
"B<chdir>(2), or B<umask>(2)  performed by the calling process or the child "
"process also affects the other process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:247
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_FS> is not set, the child process works on a copy of the "
"filesystem information of the calling process at the time of the B<clone>()  "
"call.  Calls to B<chroot>(2), B<chdir>(2), B<umask>(2)  performed later by "
"one of the processes do not affect the other process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:247
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_IO> (since Linux 2.6.25)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:256
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_IO> is set, then the new process shares an I/O context with the "
"calling process.  If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2))  the "
"new process has its own I/O context."
msgstr ""

#.  The following based on text from Jens Axboe
#.  the anticipatory and CFQ scheduler
#.  with CFQ and AS.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:273
msgid ""
"The I/O context is the I/O scope of the disk scheduler (i.e, what the I/O "
"scheduler uses to model scheduling of a process's I/O).  If processes share "
"the same I/O context, they are treated as one by the I/O scheduler.  As a "
"consequence, they get to share disk time.  For some I/O schedulers, if two "
"processes share an I/O context, they will be allowed to interleave their "
"disk access.  If several threads are doing I/O on behalf of the same process "
"(B<aio_read>(3), for instance), they should employ B<CLONE_IO> to get better "
"I/O performance."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:277
msgid ""
"If the kernel is not configured with the B<CONFIG_BLOCK> option, this flag "
"is a no-op."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:277 build/C/man2/unshare.2:96
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWIPC> (since Linux 2.6.19)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:287
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_NEWIPC> is set, then create the process in a new IPC namespace.  "
"If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2)), the process is created "
"in the same IPC namespace as the calling process.  This flag is intended for "
"the implementation of containers."
msgstr ""

#.  commit 7eafd7c74c3f2e67c27621b987b28397110d643f
#.  https://lwn.net/Articles/312232/
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:299
msgid ""
"An IPC namespace provides an isolated view of System\\ V IPC objects (see "
"B<svipc>(7))  and (since Linux 2.6.30)  POSIX message queues (see "
"B<mq_overview>(7)).  The common characteristic of these IPC mechanisms is "
"that IPC objects are identified by mechanisms other than filesystem "
"pathnames."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:303
msgid ""
"Objects created in an IPC namespace are visible to all other processes that "
"are members of that namespace, but are not visible to processes in other IPC "
"namespaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:307
msgid ""
"When an IPC namespace is destroyed (i.e., when the last process that is a "
"member of the namespace terminates), all IPC objects in the namespace are "
"automatically destroyed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:314
msgid ""
"Only a privileged process (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)  can employ B<CLONE_NEWIPC>.  "
"This flag can't be specified in conjunction with B<CLONE_SYSVSEM>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:317
msgid "For further information on IPC namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:317 build/C/man2/unshare.2:113
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWNET> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:321
msgid ""
"(The implementation of this flag was completed only by about kernel version "
"2.6.29.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:330
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_NEWNET> is set, then create the process in a new network "
"namespace.  If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2))  the process "
"is created in the same network namespace as the calling process.  This flag "
"is intended for the implementation of containers."
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME . Add pointer to veth(4) page when it is eventually completed
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:345
msgid ""
"A network namespace provides an isolated view of the networking stack "
"(network device interfaces, IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks, IP routing "
"tables, firewall rules, the I</proc/net> and I</sys/class/net> directory "
"trees, sockets, etc.).  A physical network device can live in exactly one "
"network namespace.  A virtual network device (\"veth\") pair provides a "
"pipe-like abstraction that can be used to create tunnels between network "
"namespaces, and can be used to create a bridge to a physical network device "
"in another namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:352
msgid ""
"When a network namespace is freed (i.e., when the last process in the "
"namespace terminates), its physical network devices are moved back to the "
"initial network namespace (not to the parent of the process).  For further "
"information on network namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:357
msgid "Only a privileged process (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)  can employ B<CLONE_NEWNET>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:357
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWNS> (since Linux 2.4.19)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:367
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_NEWNS> is set, the cloned child is started in a new mount "
"namespace, initialized with a copy of the namespace of the parent.  If "
"B<CLONE_NEWNS> is not set, the child lives in the same mount namespace as "
"the parent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:370
msgid "For further information on mount namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""

#.  See https://lwn.net/Articles/543273/
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:383
msgid ""
"Only a privileged process (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)  can employ B<CLONE_NEWNS>.  It "
"is not permitted to specify both B<CLONE_NEWNS> and B<CLONE_FS> in the same "
"B<clone>()  call."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:383
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWPID> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#.  This explanation draws a lot of details from
#.  http://lwn.net/Articles/259217/
#.  Authors: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
#.  and Kir Kolyshkin <kir@openvz.org>
#
#.  The primary kernel commit is 30e49c263e36341b60b735cbef5ca37912549264
#.  Author: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:400
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_NEWPID> is set, then create the process in a new PID namespace.  "
"If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2))  the process is created "
"in the same PID namespace as the calling process.  This flag is intended for "
"the implementation of containers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:405
msgid ""
"For further information on PID namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)  and "
"B<pid_namespaces>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:414
msgid ""
"Only a privileged process (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)  can employ B<CLONE_NEWPID>.  "
"This flag can't be specified in conjunction with B<CLONE_THREAD> or "
"B<CLONE_PARENT>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:414
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWUSER>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:424
msgid ""
"(This flag first became meaningful for B<clone>()  in Linux 2.6.23, the "
"current B<clone>()  semantics were merged in Linux 3.5, and the final pieces "
"to make the user namespaces completely usable were merged in Linux 3.8.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:431
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_NEWUSER> is set, then create the process in a new user "
"namespace.  If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2))  the process "
"is created in the same user namespace as the calling process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:436
msgid ""
"For further information on user namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)  and "
"B<user_namespaces>(7)"
msgstr ""

#.  Before Linux 2.6.29, it appears that only CAP_SYS_ADMIN was needed
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:447
msgid ""
"Before Linux 3.8, use of B<CLONE_NEWUSER> required that the caller have "
"three capabilities: B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>, B<CAP_SETUID>, and B<CAP_SETGID>.  "
"Starting with Linux 3.8, no privileges are needed to create a user "
"namespace."
msgstr ""

#.  commit e66eded8309ebf679d3d3c1f5820d1f2ca332c71
#.  https://lwn.net/Articles/543273/
#.  The fix actually went into 3.9 and into 3.8.3. However, user namespaces
#.  were, for practical purposes, unusable in earlier 3.8.x because of the
#.  various filesystems that didn't support userns.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:461
msgid ""
"This flag can't be specified in conjunction with B<CLONE_THREAD> or "
"B<CLONE_PARENT>.  For security reasons, B<CLONE_NEWUSER> cannot be specified "
"in conjunction with B<CLONE_FS>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:464 build/C/man2/unshare.2:209
msgid "For further information on user namespaces, see B<user_namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:464 build/C/man2/unshare.2:209
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWUTS> (since Linux 2.6.19)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:476
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_NEWUTS> is set, then create the process in a new UTS namespace, "
"whose identifiers are initialized by duplicating the identifiers from the "
"UTS namespace of the calling process.  If this flag is not set, then (as "
"with B<fork>(2))  the process is created in the same UTS namespace as the "
"calling process.  This flag is intended for the implementation of "
"containers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:487
msgid ""
"A UTS namespace is the set of identifiers returned by B<uname>(2); among "
"these, the domain name and the hostname can be modified by "
"B<setdomainname>(2)  and B<sethostname>(2), respectively.  Changes made to "
"the identifiers in a UTS namespace are visible to all other processes in the "
"same namespace, but are not visible to processes in other UTS namespaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:492
msgid "Only a privileged process (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)  can employ B<CLONE_NEWUTS>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:495
msgid "For further information on UTS namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:495
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_PARENT> (since Linux 2.3.12)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:502
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_PARENT> is set, then the parent of the new child (as returned by "
"B<getppid>(2))  will be the same as that of the calling process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:508
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_PARENT> is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2))  the child's parent "
"is the calling process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:516
msgid ""
"Note that it is the parent process, as returned by B<getppid>(2), which is "
"signaled when the child terminates, so that if B<CLONE_PARENT> is set, then "
"the parent of the calling process, rather than the calling process itself, "
"will be signaled."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:516
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_PARENT_SETTID> (since Linux 2.5.49)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:524
msgid ""
"Store child thread ID at location I<ptid> in parent and child memory.  (In "
"Linux 2.5.32-2.5.48 there was a flag B<CLONE_SETTID> that did this.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:524
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_PID> (obsolete)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:535
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_PID> is set, the child process is created with the same process "
"ID as the calling process.  This is good for hacking the system, but "
"otherwise of not much use.  Since 2.3.21 this flag can be specified only by "
"the system boot process (PID 0).  It disappeared in Linux 2.5.16."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:535
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_PTRACE> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:542
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_PTRACE> is specified, and the calling process is being traced, "
"then trace the child also (see B<ptrace>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:542
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_SETTLS> (since Linux 2.5.32)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:549
msgid ""
"The I<newtls> argument is the new TLS (Thread Local Storage) descriptor.  "
"(See B<set_thread_area>(2).)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:549
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_SIGHAND> (since Linux 2.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:565
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_SIGHAND> is set, the calling process and the child process share "
"the same table of signal handlers.  If the calling process or child process "
"calls B<sigaction>(2)  to change the behavior associated with a signal, the "
"behavior is changed in the other process as well.  However, the calling "
"process and child processes still have distinct signal masks and sets of "
"pending signals.  So, one of them may block or unblock some signals using "
"B<sigprocmask>(2)  without affecting the other process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:576
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_SIGHAND> is not set, the child process inherits a copy of the "
"signal handlers of the calling process at the time B<clone>()  is called.  "
"Calls to B<sigaction>(2)  performed later by one of the processes have no "
"effect on the other process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:584
msgid ""
"Since Linux 2.6.0-test6, I<flags> must also include B<CLONE_VM> if "
"B<CLONE_SIGHAND> is specified"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:584
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_STOPPED> (since Linux 2.6.0-test2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:593
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_STOPPED> is set, then the child is initially stopped (as though "
"it was sent a B<SIGSTOP> signal), and must be resumed by sending it a "
"B<SIGCONT> signal."
msgstr ""

#.  glibc 2.8 removed this defn from bits/sched.h
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:601
msgid ""
"This flag was I<deprecated> from Linux 2.6.25 onward, and was I<removed> "
"altogether in Linux 2.6.38."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:601
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> (since Linux 2.5.10)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:619
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> is set, then the child and the calling process share a "
"single list of System V semaphore adjustment (I<semadj>)  values (see "
"B<semop>(2)).  In this case, the shared list accumulates I<semadj> values "
"across all processes sharing the list, and semaphore adjustments are "
"performed only when the last process that is sharing the list terminates (or "
"ceases sharing the list using B<unshare>(2)).  If this flag is not set, then "
"the child has a separate I<semadj> list that is initially empty."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:619
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_THREAD> (since Linux 2.4.0-test8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:628
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_THREAD> is set, the child is placed in the same thread group as "
"the calling process.  To make the remainder of the discussion of "
"B<CLONE_THREAD> more readable, the term \"thread\" is used to refer to the "
"processes within a thread group."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:636
msgid ""
"Thread groups were a feature added in Linux 2.4 to support the POSIX threads "
"notion of a set of threads that share a single PID.  Internally, this shared "
"PID is the so-called thread group identifier (TGID) for the thread group.  "
"Since Linux 2.4, calls to B<getpid>(2)  return the TGID of the caller."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:645
msgid ""
"The threads within a group can be distinguished by their (system-wide)  "
"unique thread IDs (TID).  A new thread's TID is available as the function "
"result returned to the caller of B<clone>(), and a thread can obtain its own "
"TID using B<gettid>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:655
msgid ""
"When a call is made to B<clone>()  without specifying B<CLONE_THREAD>, then "
"the resulting thread is placed in a new thread group whose TGID is the same "
"as the thread's TID.  This thread is the I<leader> of the new thread group."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:677
msgid ""
"A new thread created with B<CLONE_THREAD> has the same parent process as the "
"caller of B<clone>()  (i.e., like B<CLONE_PARENT>), so that calls to "
"B<getppid>(2)  return the same value for all of the threads in a thread "
"group.  When a B<CLONE_THREAD> thread terminates, the thread that created it "
"using B<clone>()  is not sent a B<SIGCHLD> (or other termination) signal; "
"nor can the status of such a thread be obtained using B<wait>(2).  (The "
"thread is said to be I<detached>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:682
msgid ""
"After all of the threads in a thread group terminate the parent process of "
"the thread group is sent a B<SIGCHLD> (or other termination) signal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:687
msgid ""
"If any of the threads in a thread group performs an B<execve>(2), then all "
"threads other than the thread group leader are terminated, and the new "
"program is executed in the thread group leader."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:693
msgid ""
"If one of the threads in a thread group creates a child using B<fork>(2), "
"then any thread in the group can B<wait>(2)  for that child."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:706
msgid ""
"Since Linux 2.5.35, I<flags> must also include B<CLONE_SIGHAND> if "
"B<CLONE_THREAD> is specified (and note that, since Linux 2.6.0-test6, "
"B<CLONE_SIGHAND> also requires B<CLONE_VM> to be included)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:711
msgid ""
"Signals may be sent to a thread group as a whole (i.e., a TGID) using "
"B<kill>(2), or to a specific thread (i.e., TID) using B<tgkill>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:716
msgid ""
"Signal dispositions and actions are process-wide: if an unhandled signal is "
"delivered to a thread, then it will affect (terminate, stop, continue, be "
"ignored in)  all members of the thread group."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:729
msgid ""
"Each thread has its own signal mask, as set by B<sigprocmask>(2), but "
"signals can be pending either: for the whole process (i.e., deliverable to "
"any member of the thread group), when sent with B<kill>(2); or for an "
"individual thread, when sent with B<tgkill>(2).  A call to B<sigpending>(2)  "
"returns a signal set that is the union of the signals pending for the whole "
"process and the signals that are pending for the calling thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:741
msgid ""
"If B<kill>(2)  is used to send a signal to a thread group, and the thread "
"group has installed a handler for the signal, then the handler will be "
"invoked in exactly one, arbitrarily selected member of the thread group that "
"has not blocked the signal.  If multiple threads in a group are waiting to "
"accept the same signal using B<sigwaitinfo>(2), the kernel will arbitrarily "
"select one of these threads to receive a signal sent using B<kill>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:741
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_UNTRACED> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:748
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_UNTRACED> is specified, then a tracing process cannot force "
"B<CLONE_PTRACE> on this child process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:748
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_VFORK> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:760
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_VFORK> is set, the execution of the calling process is suspended "
"until the child releases its virtual memory resources via a call to "
"B<execve>(2)  or B<_exit>(2)  (as with B<vfork>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:766
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_VFORK> is not set, then both the calling process and the child "
"are schedulable after the call, and an application should not rely on "
"execution occurring in any particular order."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:766
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_VM> (since Linux 2.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:779
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_VM> is set, the calling process and the child process run in the "
"same memory space.  In particular, memory writes performed by the calling "
"process or by the child process are also visible in the other process.  "
"Moreover, any memory mapping or unmapping performed with B<mmap>(2)  or "
"B<munmap>(2)  by the child or calling process also affects the other "
"process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:788
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_VM> is not set, the child process runs in a separate copy of the "
"memory space of the calling process at the time of B<clone>().  Memory "
"writes or file mappings/unmappings performed by one of the processes do not "
"affect the other, as with B<fork>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:788 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "C library/kernel ABI differences"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:804
msgid ""
"The raw B<clone>()  system call corresponds more closely to B<fork>(2)  in "
"that execution in the child continues from the point of the call.  As such, "
"the I<fn> and I<arg> arguments of the B<clone>()  wrapper function are "
"omitted.  Furthermore, the argument order changes.  The raw system call "
"interface on x86 and many other architectures is roughly:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:810
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<long clone(unsigned long >I<flags>B<, void *>I<child_stack>B<,>\n"
"B<           void *>I<ptid>B<, void *>I<ctid>B<,>\n"
"B<           struct pt_regs *>I<regs>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:821
msgid ""
"Another difference for the raw system call is that the I<child_stack> "
"argument may be zero, in which case copy-on-write semantics ensure that the "
"child gets separate copies of stack pages when either process modifies the "
"stack.  In this case, for correct operation, the B<CLONE_VM> option should "
"not be specified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:829
msgid ""
"For some architectures, the order of the arguments for the system call "
"differs from that shown above.  On the score, microblaze, ARM, ARM 64, "
"PA-RISC, arc, Power PC, xtensa, and MIPS architectures, the order of the "
"fourth and fifth arguments is reversed.  On the cris and s390 architectures, "
"the order of the first and second arguments is reversed."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:829
#, no-wrap
msgid "blackfin, m68k, and sparc"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:833
msgid ""
"The argument-passing conventions on blackfin, m68k, and sparc are different "
"from the descriptions above.  For details, see the kernel (and glibc) "
"source."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:833
#, no-wrap
msgid "ia64"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:835
msgid "On ia64, a different interface is used:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:842
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int __clone2(int (*>I<fn>B<)(void *), >\n"
"B<             void *>I<child_stack_base>B<, size_t >I<stack_size>B<,>\n"
"B<             int >I<flags>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, ... >\n"
"B<          /* pid_t *>I<ptid>B<, struct user_desc *>I<tls>B<, pid_t "
"*>I<ctid>B< */ );>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:854
msgid ""
"The prototype shown above is for the glibc wrapper function; the raw system "
"call interface has no I<fn> or I<arg> argument, and changes the order of the "
"arguments so that I<flags> is the first argument, and I<tls> is the last "
"argument."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:865
msgid ""
"B<__clone2>()  operates in the same way as B<clone>(), except that "
"I<child_stack_base> points to the lowest address of the child's stack area, "
"and I<stack_size> specifies the size of the stack pointed to by "
"I<child_stack_base>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:865
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux 2.4 and earlier"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:873
msgid ""
"In Linux 2.4 and earlier, B<clone>()  does not take arguments I<ptid>, "
"I<tls>, and I<ctid>."
msgstr ""

#.  gettid(2) returns current->pid;
#.  getpid(2) returns current->tgid;
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:882
msgid ""
"On success, the thread ID of the child process is returned in the caller's "
"thread of execution.  On failure, -1 is returned in the caller's context, no "
"child process will be created, and I<errno> will be set appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:882 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:170 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:107 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:65 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:80 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:116 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:271 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:96 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:145 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:48 build/C/man2/setns.2:145 build/C/man2/unshare.2:282
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:883
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EAGAIN>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:887
msgid "Too many processes are already running; see B<fork>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:887 build/C/man2/clone.2:894 build/C/man2/clone.2:909 build/C/man2/clone.2:926 build/C/man2/clone.2:934 build/C/man2/clone.2:946 build/C/man2/clone.2:952 build/C/man2/clone.2:962 build/C/man2/clone.2:970 build/C/man2/clone.2:978 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:181 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:108 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:84 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:120 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:128 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:276 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:300 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:323 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:97 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:104 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:146 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:153 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:158 build/C/man2/setns.2:150 build/C/man2/setns.2:155 build/C/man2/setns.2:159 build/C/man2/setns.2:164 build/C/man2/setns.2:168 build/C/man2/setns.2:175 build/C/man2/unshare.2:283 build/C/man2/unshare.2:287
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:894
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_SIGHAND> was specified, but B<CLONE_VM> was not.  (Since Linux "
"2.6.0-test6.)"
msgstr ""

#.  .TP
#.  .B EINVAL
#.  Precisely one of
#.  .B CLONE_DETACHED
#.  and
#.  .B CLONE_THREAD
#.  was specified.
#.  (Since Linux 2.6.0-test6.)
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:909
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_THREAD> was specified, but B<CLONE_SIGHAND> was not.  (Since Linux "
"2.5.35.)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit e66eded8309ebf679d3d3c1f5820d1f2ca332c71
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:918
msgid "Both B<CLONE_FS> and B<CLONE_NEWNS> were specified in I<flags>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:918
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL> (since Linux 3.9)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:926
msgid "Both B<CLONE_NEWUSER> and B<CLONE_FS> were specified in I<flags>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:934
msgid "Both B<CLONE_NEWIPC> and B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> were specified in I<flags>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:946
msgid ""
"One (or both) of B<CLONE_NEWPID> or B<CLONE_NEWUSER> and one (or both) of "
"B<CLONE_THREAD> or B<CLONE_PARENT> were specified in I<flags>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:952
msgid "Returned by B<clone>()  when a zero value is specified for I<child_stack>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:962
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWIPC> was specified in I<flags>, but the kernel was not configured "
"with the B<CONFIG_SYSVIPC> and B<CONFIG_IPC_NS> options."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:970
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWNET> was specified in I<flags>, but the kernel was not configured "
"with the B<CONFIG_NET_NS> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:978
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWPID> was specified in I<flags>, but the kernel was not configured "
"with the B<CONFIG_PID_NS> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:986
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWUTS> was specified in I<flags>, but the kernel was not configured "
"with the B<CONFIG_UTS> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:986 build/C/man2/setns.2:179 build/C/man2/unshare.2:296
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOMEM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:991
msgid ""
"Cannot allocate sufficient memory to allocate a task structure for the "
"child, or to copy those parts of the caller's context that need to be "
"copied."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:991 build/C/man2/clone.2:1000 build/C/man2/clone.2:1004 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:185 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:135 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:339 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:342 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:109 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:164 build/C/man2/setns.2:182 build/C/man2/unshare.2:300 build/C/man2/unshare.2:303
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EPERM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1000
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWIPC>, B<CLONE_NEWNET>, B<CLONE_NEWNS>, B<CLONE_NEWPID>, or "
"B<CLONE_NEWUTS> was specified by an unprivileged process (process without "
"B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1004
msgid "B<CLONE_PID> was specified by a process other than process 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1012 build/C/man2/unshare.2:311
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWUSER> was specified in I<flags>, but either the effective user ID "
"or the effective group ID of the caller does not have a mapping in the "
"parent namespace (see B<user_namespaces>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1012 build/C/man2/unshare.2:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EPERM> (since Linux 3.9)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 3151527ee007b73a0ebd296010f1c0454a919c7d
#.  FIXME What is the rationale for this restriction?
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1022 build/C/man2/unshare.2:321
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWUSER> was specified in I<flags> and the caller is in a chroot "
"environment (i.e., the caller's root directory does not match the root "
"directory of the mount namespace in which it resides)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1022 build/C/man2/unshare.2:321
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EUSERS> (since Linux 3.11)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1031 build/C/man2/unshare.2:330
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWUSER> was specified in I<flags>, and the call would cause the "
"limit on the number of nested user namespaces to be exceeded.  See "
"B<user_namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1038
msgid ""
"There is no entry for B<clone>()  in libc5.  glibc2 provides B<clone>()  as "
"described in this manual page."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1042
msgid ""
"B<clone>()  is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
"be portable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1052
msgid ""
"In the kernel 2.4.x series, B<CLONE_THREAD> generally does not make the "
"parent of the new thread the same as the parent of the calling process.  "
"However, for kernel versions 2.4.7 to 2.4.18 the B<CLONE_THREAD> flag "
"implied the B<CLONE_PARENT> flag (as in kernel 2.6)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1062
msgid ""
"For a while there was B<CLONE_DETACHED> (introduced in 2.5.32): parent wants "
"no child-exit signal.  In 2.6.2 the need to give this together with "
"B<CLONE_THREAD> disappeared.  This flag is still defined, but has no effect."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1067
msgid ""
"On i386, B<clone>()  should not be called through vsyscall, but directly "
"through I<int $0x80>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1098
msgid ""
"Versions of the GNU C library that include the NPTL threading library "
"contain a wrapper function for B<getpid>(2)  that performs caching of PIDs.  "
"This caching relies on support in the glibc wrapper for B<clone>(), but as "
"currently implemented, the cache may not be up to date in some "
"circumstances.  In particular, if a signal is delivered to the child "
"immediately after the B<clone>()  call, then a call to B<getpid>(2)  in a "
"handler for the signal may return the PID of the calling process (\"the "
"parent\"), if the clone wrapper has not yet had a chance to update the PID "
"cache in the child.  (This discussion ignores the case where the child was "
"created using B<CLONE_THREAD>, when B<getpid>(2)  I<should> return the same "
"value in the child and in the process that called B<clone>(), since the "
"caller and the child are in the same thread group.  The stale-cache problem "
"also does not occur if the I<flags> argument includes B<CLONE_VM>.)  To get "
"the truth, it may be necessary to use code such as the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1101
#, no-wrap
msgid "    #include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1103
#, no-wrap
msgid "    pid_t mypid;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1105
#, no-wrap
msgid "    mypid = syscall(SYS_getpid);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1119
msgid ""
"The following program demonstrates the use of B<clone>()  to create a child "
"process that executes in a separate UTS namespace.  The child changes the "
"hostname in its UTS namespace.  Both parent and child then display the "
"system hostname, making it possible to see that the hostname differs in the "
"UTS namespaces of the parent and child.  For an example of the use of this "
"program, see B<setns>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1119 build/C/man2/setns.2:255 build/C/man2/unshare.2:396
#, no-wrap
msgid "Program source"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1129
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/wait.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/utsname.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1132 build/C/man2/setns.2:266 build/C/man2/unshare.2:415
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define errExit(msg)    do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \\e\n"
"                        } while (0)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1137
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"static int              /* Start function for cloned child */\n"
"childFunc(void *arg)\n"
"{\n"
"    struct utsname uts;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1139
#, no-wrap
msgid "    /* Change hostname in UTS namespace of child */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1142
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (sethostname(arg, strlen(arg)) == -1)\n"
"        errExit(\"sethostname\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1144
#, no-wrap
msgid "    /* Retrieve and display hostname */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1148
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (uname(&uts) == -1)\n"
"        errExit(\"uname\");\n"
"    printf(\"uts.nodename in child:  %s\\en\", uts.nodename);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1152
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Keep the namespace open for a while, by sleeping.\n"
"       This allows some experimentation--for example, another\n"
"       process might join the namespace. */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1154
#, no-wrap
msgid "    sleep(200);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1157
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    return 0;           /* Child terminates now */\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1159
#, no-wrap
msgid "#define STACK_SIZE (1024 * 1024)    /* Stack size for cloned child */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1167
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    char *stack;                    /* Start of stack buffer */\n"
"    char *stackTop;                 /* End of stack buffer */\n"
"    pid_t pid;\n"
"    struct utsname uts;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1172
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc E<lt> 2) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>child-hostnameE<gt>\\en\", "
"argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1174
#, no-wrap
msgid "    /* Allocate stack for child */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1179
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    stack = malloc(STACK_SIZE);\n"
"    if (stack == NULL)\n"
"        errExit(\"malloc\");\n"
"    stackTop = stack + STACK_SIZE;  /* Assume stack grows downward */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1182
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Create child that has its own UTS namespace;\n"
"       child commences execution in childFunc() */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1187
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    pid = clone(childFunc, stackTop, CLONE_NEWUTS | SIGCHLD, argv[1]);\n"
"    if (pid == -1)\n"
"        errExit(\"clone\");\n"
"    printf(\"clone() returned %ld\\en\", (long) pid);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1189
#, no-wrap
msgid "    /* Parent falls through to here */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1191
#, no-wrap
msgid "    sleep(1);           /* Give child time to change its hostname */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1194
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Display hostname in parent\\(aqs UTS namespace. This will be\n"
"       different from hostname in child\\(aqs UTS namespace. */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1198
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (uname(&uts) == -1)\n"
"        errExit(\"uname\");\n"
"    printf(\"uts.nodename in parent: %s\\en\", uts.nodename);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1202
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (waitpid(pid, NULL, 0) == -1)    /* Wait for child */\n"
"        errExit(\"waitpid\");\n"
"    printf(\"child has terminated\\en\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1205
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1221
msgid ""
"B<fork>(2), B<futex>(2), B<getpid>(2), B<gettid>(2), B<kcmp>(2), "
"B<set_thread_area>(2), B<set_tid_address>(2), B<setns>(2), B<tkill>(2), "
"B<unshare>(2), B<wait>(2), B<capabilities>(7), B<namespaces>(7), "
"B<pthreads>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:28
#, no-wrap
msgid "KCMP"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:28
#, no-wrap
msgid "2013-12-08"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:31
msgid "kcmp - compare two processes to determine if they share a kernel resource"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kcmp.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:37
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int kcmp(pid_t >I<pid1>B<, pid_t >I<pid2>B<, int >I<type>B<,>\n"
"B<         unsigned long >I<idx1>B<, unsigned long >I<idx2>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:41
msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:50
msgid ""
"The B<kcmp>()  system call can be used to check whether the two processes "
"identified by I<pid1> and I<pid2> share a kernel resource such as virtual "
"memory, file descriptors, and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:55
msgid ""
"The I<type> argument specifies which resource is to be compared in the two "
"processes.  It has one of the following values:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:55
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<KCMP_FILE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:67
msgid ""
"Check whether a file descriptor I<idx1> in the process I<pid1> refers to the "
"same open file description (see B<open>(2))  as file descriptor I<idx2> in "
"the process I<pid2>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:67
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<KCMP_FILES>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:75
msgid ""
"Check whether the process share the same set of open file descriptors.  The "
"arguments I<idx1> and I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:75
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<KCMP_FS>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:84
msgid ""
"Check whether the processes share the same filesystem information (i.e., "
"file mode creation mask, working directory, and filesystem root).  The "
"arguments I<idx1> and I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:84
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<KCMP_IO>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:92
msgid ""
"Check whether the processes share I/O context.  The arguments I<idx1> and "
"I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:92
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<KCMP_SIGHAND>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:100
msgid ""
"Check whether the processes share the same table of signal dispositions.  "
"The arguments I<idx1> and I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:100
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<KCMP_SYSVSEM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:109
msgid ""
"Check whether the processes share the same list of System\\ V semaphore undo "
"operations.  The arguments I<idx1> and I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:109
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<KCMP_VM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:117
msgid ""
"Check whether the processes share the same address space.  The arguments "
"I<idx1> and I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:127
msgid ""
"Note the B<kcmp>()  is not protected against false positives which may occur "
"if tasks are running.  One should stop tasks by sending B<SIGSTOP> (see "
"B<signal>(7))  prior to inspection with this system call to obtain "
"meaningful results."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:133
msgid ""
"The return value of a successful call to B<kcmp>()  is simply the result of "
"arithmetic comparison of kernel pointers (when the kernel compares "
"resources, it uses their memory addresses)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:141
msgid ""
"The easiest way to explain is to consider an example.  Suppose that I<v1> "
"and I<v2> are the addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value "
"is one of the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:142
#, no-wrap
msgid "0"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:147
msgid ""
"I<v1> is equal to I<v2>; in other words, the two processes share the "
"resource."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:147
#, no-wrap
msgid "1"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:151
msgid "I<v1> is less than I<v2>."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:151
#, no-wrap
msgid "2"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:155
msgid "I<v1> is greater than I<v2>."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:155
#, no-wrap
msgid "3"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:160
msgid "I<v1> is not equal to I<v2>, but ordering information is unavailable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:165
msgid "On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:170
msgid ""
"B<kcmp>()  was designed to return values suitable for sorting.  This is "
"particularly handy if one needs to compare a large number of file "
"descriptors."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:171 build/C/man2/setns.2:146
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EBADF>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:181
msgid "I<type> is B<KCMP_FILE> and I<fd1> or I<fd2> is not an open file descriptor."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:185
msgid "I<type> is invalid."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:191
msgid ""
"Insufficient permission to inspect process resources.  The B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE> "
"capability is required to inspect processes that you do not own."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:191 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:90 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:145 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:284 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:116 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:167
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ESRCH>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:198
msgid "Process I<pid1> or I<pid2> does not exist."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:202
msgid "The B<kcmp>()  system call first appeared in Linux 3.5."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:205
msgid ""
"B<kcmp>()  is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
"be portable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:208
msgid ""
"Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
"B<syscall>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:217
msgid ""
"This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with "
"B<CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE>.  The main use of the system call is for the "
"checkpoint/restore in user space (CRIU) feature.  The alternative to this "
"system call would have been to expose suitable process information via the "
"B<proc>(5)  filesystem; this was deemed to be unsuitable for security "
"reasons."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:222
msgid ""
"See B<clone>(2)  for some background information on the shared resources "
"referred to on this page."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:225
msgid "B<clone>(2), B<unshare>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_GET_PRIORITY_MAX"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-05-12"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:32
msgid "sched_get_priority_max, sched_get_priority_min - get static priority range"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:34 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:34 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:34
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:36
msgid "B<int sched_get_priority_max(int >I<policy>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:38
msgid "B<int sched_get_priority_min(int >I<policy>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:59
msgid ""
"B<sched_get_priority_max>()  returns the maximum priority value that can be "
"used with the scheduling algorithm identified by I<policy>.  "
"B<sched_get_priority_min>()  returns the minimum priority value that can be "
"used with the scheduling algorithm identified by I<policy>.  Supported "
"I<policy> values are B<SCHED_FIFO>, B<SCHED_RR>, B<SCHED_OTHER>, "
"B<SCHED_BATCH>, B<SCHED_IDLE>, and B<SCHED_DEADLINE>.  Further details about "
"these policies can be found in B<sched>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:68
msgid ""
"Processes with numerically higher priority values are scheduled before "
"processes with numerically lower priority values.  Thus, the value returned "
"by B<sched_get_priority_max>()  will be greater than the value returned by "
"B<sched_get_priority_min>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:76
msgid ""
"Linux allows the static priority range 1 to 99 for the B<SCHED_FIFO> and "
"B<SCHED_RR> policies, and the priority 0 for the remaining policies.  "
"Scheduling priority ranges for the various policies are not alterable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:88
msgid ""
"The range of scheduling priorities may vary on other POSIX systems, thus it "
"is a good idea for portable applications to use a virtual priority range and "
"map it to the interval given by B<sched_get_priority_max>()  and "
"B<sched_get_priority_min>().  POSIX.1-2001 requires a spread of at least 32 "
"between the maximum and the minimum values for B<SCHED_FIFO> and "
"B<SCHED_RR>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:97
msgid ""
"POSIX systems on which B<sched_get_priority_max>()  and "
"B<sched_get_priority_min>()  are available define "
"B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:107
msgid ""
"On success, B<sched_get_priority_max>()  and B<sched_get_priority_min>()  "
"return the maximum/minimum priority value for the named scheduling policy.  "
"On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:113
msgid "The argument I<policy> does not identify a defined scheduling policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:115 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:96 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:121 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:54
msgid "POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:125
msgid ""
"B<sched_getaffinity>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), B<sched_getscheduler>(2), "
"B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2), "
"B<sched>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_GETCPU"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-05-10"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:29
msgid "sched_getcpu - determine CPU on which the calling thread is running"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int sched_getcpu(void);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:39 build/C/man2/unshare.2:33
msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:42
msgid "B<sched_getcpu>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:58
msgid ""
"B<sched_getcpu>()  returns the number of the CPU on which the calling thread "
"is currently executing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:65
msgid ""
"On success, B<sched_getcpu>()  returns a nonnegative CPU number.  On error, "
"-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:66 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:87
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOSYS>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:70
msgid "This kernel does not implement B<getcpu>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:72
msgid "This function is available since glibc 2.6."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:72
#, no-wrap
msgid "ATTRIBUTES"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:73
#, no-wrap
msgid "Multithreading (see pthreads(7))"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:77
msgid "The B<sched_getcpu>()  function is thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:80
msgid "B<sched_getcpu>()  is glibc-specific."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:82
msgid "The call"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:86
#, no-wrap
msgid "cpu = sched_getcpu();\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:92
msgid "is equivalent to the following B<getcpu>(2)  call:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:98
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int c, s;\n"
"s = getcpu(&c, NULL, NULL);\n"
"cpu = (s == -1) ? s : c;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:103
msgid "B<getcpu>(2), B<sched>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_RR_GET_INTERVAL"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:29 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-04-28"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:32
msgid "sched_rr_get_interval - get the SCHED_RR interval for the named process"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:36
msgid "B<int sched_rr_get_interval(pid_t >I<pid>B<, struct timespec * >I<tp>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:47
msgid ""
"B<sched_rr_get_interval>()  writes into the I<timespec> structure pointed to "
"by I<tp> the round-robin time quantum for the process identified by I<pid>.  "
"The specified process should be running under the B<SCHED_RR> scheduling "
"policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:51
msgid "The I<timespec> structure has the following form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:58
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct timespec {\n"
"    time_t tv_sec;    /* seconds */\n"
"    long   tv_nsec;   /* nanoseconds */\n"
"};\n"
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME . On Linux, sched_rr_get_interval()
#.  returns the timeslice for SCHED_OTHER processes -- this timeslice
#.  is influenced by the nice value.
#.  For SCHED_FIFO processes, this always returns 0.
#
#.  The round-robin time quantum value is not alterable under Linux
#.  1.3.81.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:73
msgid ""
"If I<pid> is zero, the time quantum for the calling process is written into "
"I<*tp>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:80
msgid ""
"On success, B<sched_rr_get_interval>()  returns 0.  On error, -1 is "
"returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:81 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:117
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EFAULT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:84
msgid "Problem with copying information to user space."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:87
msgid "Invalid pid."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:90
msgid "The system call is not yet implemented (only on rather old kernels)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:94
msgid "Could not find a process with the ID I<pid>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:103
msgid ""
"POSIX systems on which B<sched_rr_get_interval>()  is available define "
"B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:103
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux notes"
msgstr ""

#.  commit a4ec24b48ddef1e93f7578be53270f0b95ad666c
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:117
msgid ""
"POSIX does not specify any mechanism for controlling the size of the "
"round-robin time quantum.  Older Linux kernels provide a (nonportable) "
"method of doing this.  The quantum can be controlled by adjusting the "
"process's nice value (see B<setpriority>(2)).  Assigning a negative (i.e., "
"high) nice value results in a longer quantum; assigning a positive (i.e., "
"low) nice value results in a shorter quantum.  The default quantum is 0.1 "
"seconds; the degree to which changing the nice value affects the quantum has "
"varied somewhat across kernel versions.  This method of adjusting the "
"quantum was removed starting with Linux 2.6.24."
msgstr ""

#.  commit ce0dbbbb30aee6a835511d5be446462388ba9eee
#.  .SH BUGS
#.  As of Linux 1.3.81
#.  .BR sched_rr_get_interval ()
#.  returns with error
#.  ENOSYS, because SCHED_RR has not yet been fully implemented and tested
#.  properly.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:132
msgid ""
"Linux 3.9 added a new mechanism for adjusting (and viewing) the B<SCHED_RR> "
"quantum: the I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms> file exposes the "
"quantum as a millisecond value, whose default is 100.  Writing 0 to this "
"file resets the quantum to the default value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:134 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:81
msgid "B<sched>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_SETAFFINITY"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-12-31"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:38
msgid ""
"sched_setaffinity, sched_getaffinity - set and get a thread's CPU affinity "
"mask"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:45
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int sched_setaffinity(pid_t >I<pid>B<, size_t >I<cpusetsize>B<,>\n"
"B<                      const cpu_set_t *>I<mask>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:48
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int sched_getaffinity(pid_t >I<pid>B<, size_t >I<cpusetsize>B<,>\n"
"B<                      cpu_set_t *>I<mask>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:63
msgid ""
"A thread's CPU affinity mask determines the set of CPUs on which it is "
"eligible to run.  On a multiprocessor system, setting the CPU affinity mask "
"can be used to obtain performance benefits.  For example, by dedicating one "
"CPU to a particular thread (i.e., setting the affinity mask of that thread "
"to specify a single CPU, and setting the affinity mask of all other threads "
"to exclude that CPU), it is possible to ensure maximum execution speed for "
"that thread.  Restricting a thread to run on a single CPU also avoids the "
"performance cost caused by the cache invalidation that occurs when a thread "
"ceases to execute on one CPU and then recommences execution on a different "
"CPU."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:70
msgid ""
"A CPU affinity mask is represented by the I<cpu_set_t> structure, a \"CPU "
"set\", pointed to by I<mask>.  A set of macros for manipulating CPU sets is "
"described in B<CPU_SET>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:85
msgid ""
"B<sched_setaffinity>()  sets the CPU affinity mask of the thread whose ID is "
"I<pid> to the value specified by I<mask>.  If I<pid> is zero, then the "
"calling thread is used.  The argument I<cpusetsize> is the length (in bytes) "
"of the data pointed to by I<mask>.  Normally this argument would be "
"specified as I<sizeof(cpu_set_t)>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:92
msgid ""
"If the thread specified by I<pid> is not currently running on one of the "
"CPUs specified in I<mask>, then that thread is migrated to one of the CPUs "
"specified in I<mask>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:107
msgid ""
"B<sched_getaffinity>()  writes the affinity mask of the thread whose ID is "
"I<pid> into the I<cpu_set_t> structure pointed to by I<mask>.  The "
"I<cpusetsize> argument specifies the size (in bytes) of I<mask>.  If I<pid> "
"is zero, then the mask of the calling thread is returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:116
msgid ""
"On success, B<sched_setaffinity>()  and B<sched_getaffinity>()  return 0.  "
"On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:120
msgid "A supplied memory address was invalid."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:128
msgid ""
"The affinity bit mask I<mask> contains no processors that are currently "
"physically on the system and permitted to the thread according to any "
"restrictions that may be imposed by the \"cpuset\" mechanism described in "
"B<cpuset>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:135
msgid ""
"(B<sched_getaffinity>()  and, in kernels before 2.6.9, "
"B<sched_setaffinity>())  I<cpusetsize> is smaller than the size of the "
"affinity mask used by the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:145
msgid ""
"(B<sched_setaffinity>())  The calling thread does not have appropriate "
"privileges.  The caller needs an effective user ID equal to the real user ID "
"or effective user ID of the thread identified by I<pid>, or it must possess "
"the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:148 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:289 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:170
msgid "The thread whose ID is I<pid> could not be found."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:159
msgid ""
"The CPU affinity system calls were introduced in Linux kernel 2.5.8.  The "
"system call wrappers were introduced in glibc 2.3.  Initially, the glibc "
"interfaces included a I<cpusetsize> argument, typed as I<unsigned int>.  In "
"glibc 2.3.3, the I<cpusetsize> argument was removed, but was then restored "
"in glibc 2.3.4, with type I<size_t>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:161
msgid "These system calls are Linux-specific."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:174
msgid ""
"After a call to B<sched_setaffinity>(), the set of CPUs on which the thread "
"will actually run is the intersection of the set specified in the I<mask> "
"argument and the set of CPUs actually present on the system.  The system may "
"further restrict the set of CPUs on which the thread runs if the \"cpuset\" "
"mechanism described in B<cpuset>(7)  is being used.  These restrictions on "
"the actual set of CPUs on which the thread will run are silently imposed by "
"the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:186
msgid ""
"There are various ways of determining the number of CPUs available on the "
"system, including: inspecting the contents of I</proc/cpuinfo>; using "
"B<syconf>(3)  to obtain the values of the B<_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF> and "
"B<_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN> parameters; and inspecting the list CPU directories "
"under I</sys/devices/system/cpu/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:189
msgid "B<sched>(7)  has a description of the Linux scheduling scheme."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:206
msgid ""
"The affinity mask is a per-thread attribute that can be adjusted "
"independently for each of the threads in a thread group.  The value returned "
"from a call to B<gettid>(2)  can be passed in the argument I<pid>.  "
"Specifying I<pid> as 0 will set the attribute for the calling thread, and "
"passing the value returned from a call to B<getpid>(2)  will set the "
"attribute for the main thread of the thread group.  (If you are using the "
"POSIX threads API, then use B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3)  instead of "
"B<sched_setaffinity>().)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:212
msgid ""
"A child created via B<fork>(2)  inherits its parent's CPU affinity mask.  "
"The affinity mask is preserved across an B<execve>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:226
msgid ""
"This manual page describes the glibc interface for the CPU affinity calls.  "
"The actual system call interface is slightly different, with the I<mask> "
"being typed as I<unsigned long\\ *>, reflecting the fact that the underlying "
"implementation of CPU sets is a simple bit mask.  On success, the raw "
"B<sched_getaffinity>()  system call returns the size (in bytes) of the "
"I<cpumask_t> data type that is used internally by the kernel to represent "
"the CPU set bit mask."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:248
msgid ""
"B<lscpu>(1), B<nproc>(1), B<taskset>(1), B<clone>(2), B<getcpu>(2), "
"B<getpriority>(2), B<gettid>(2), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), "
"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getscheduler>(2), "
"B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<setpriority>(2), B<CPU_SET>(3), "
"B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3), B<sched_getcpu>(3), B<capabilities>(7), "
"B<cpuset>(7), B<sched>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_SETATTR"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:26 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:26 build/C/man7/sched.7:32
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-10-02"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:30
msgid "sched_setattr, sched_getattr - set and get scheduling policy and attributes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:36
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int sched_setattr(pid_t >I<pid>B<, const struct sched_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
"B<                  unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:39
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int sched_getattr(pid_t >I<pid>B<, const struct sched_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
"B<                  unsigned int >I<size>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:42
#, no-wrap
msgid "sched_setattr()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:52
msgid ""
"The B<sched_setattr>()  system call sets the scheduling policy and "
"associated attributes for the thread whose ID is specified in I<pid>.  If "
"I<pid> equals zero, the scheduling policy and attributes of the calling "
"thread will be set."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:56 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:73
msgid ""
"Currently, Linux supports the following \"normal\" (i.e., non-real-time) "
"scheduling policies as values that may be specified in I<policy>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:56 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:73
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SCHED_OTHER>"
msgstr ""

#.  In the 2.6 kernel sources, SCHED_OTHER is actually called
#.  SCHED_NORMAL.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:61 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:78
msgid "the standard round-robin time-sharing policy;"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:61 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:78
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SCHED_BATCH>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:64 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:81
msgid "for \"batch\" style execution of processes; and"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:64 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:81
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SCHED_IDLE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:69 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:86
msgid "for running I<very> low priority background jobs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:78 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:99
msgid ""
"Various \"real-time\" policies are also supported, for special time-critical "
"applications that need precise control over the way in which runnable "
"threads are selected for execution.  For the rules governing when a process "
"may use these policies, see B<sched>(7).  The real-time policies that may be "
"specified in I<policy> are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:78 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:99
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SCHED_FIFO>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:81 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:102
msgid "a first-in, first-out policy; and"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:81 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:102
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SCHED_RR>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:84 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:105
msgid "a round-robin policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:86
msgid "Linux also provides the following policy:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:86
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SCHED_DEADLINE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:91
msgid "a deadline scheduling policy; see B<sched>(7)  for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:97
msgid ""
"The I<attr> argument is a pointer to a structure that defines the new "
"scheduling policy and attributes for the specified thread.  This structure "
"has the following form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:113
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct sched_attr {\n"
"    u32 size;              /* Size of this structure */\n"
"    u32 sched_policy;      /* Policy (SCHED_*) */\n"
"    u64 sched_flags;       /* Flags */\n"
"    s32 sched_nice;        /* Nice value (SCHED_OTHER,\n"
"                              SCHED_BATCH) */\n"
"    u32 sched_priority;    /* Static priority (SCHED_FIFO,\n"
"                              SCHED_RR) */\n"
"    /* Remaining fields are for SCHED_DEADLINE */\n"
"    u64 sched_runtime;\n"
"    u64 sched_deadline;\n"
"    u64 sched_period;\n"
"};\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:117
msgid "The fields of this structure are as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:117
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<size>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:132
msgid ""
"This field should be set to the size of the structure in bytes, as in "
"I<sizeof(struct sched_attr)>.  If the provided structure is smaller than the "
"kernel structure, any additional fields are assumed to be '0'.  If the "
"provided structure is larger than the kernel structure, the kernel verifies "
"that all additional fields are 0; if they are not, B<sched_setattr>()  fails "
"with the error B<E2BIG> and updates I<size> to contain the size of the "
"kernel structure."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:146
msgid ""
"The above behavior when the size of the user-space I<sched_attr> structure "
"does not match the size of the kernel structure allows for future "
"extensibility of the interface.  Malformed applications that pass oversize "
"structures won't break in the future if the size of the kernel I<sched_attr> "
"structure is increased.  In the future, it could also allow applications "
"that know about a larger user-space I<sched_attr> structure to determine "
"whether they are running on an older kernel that does not support the larger "
"structure."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:146
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<sched_policy>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:151
msgid ""
"This field specifies the scheduling policy, as one of the B<SCHED_*> values "
"listed above."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:151
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<sched_flags>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:162
msgid ""
"This field contains flags controlling scheduling behavior.  Only one such "
"flag is currently defined: B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK>.  As a result of "
"including this flag, children created by B<fork>(2)  do not inherit "
"privileged scheduling policies.  See B<sched>(7)  for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:162
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<sched_nice>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:173
msgid ""
"This field specifies the nice value to be set when specifying "
"I<sched_policy> as B<SCHED_OTHER> or B<SCHED_BATCH>.  The nice value is a "
"number in the range -20 (high priority)  to +19 (low priority); see "
"B<setpriority>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:173
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<sched_priority>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:186
msgid ""
"This field specifies the static priority to be set when specifying "
"I<sched_policy> as B<SCHED_FIFO> or B<SCHED_RR>.  The allowed range of "
"priorities for these policies can be determined using "
"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2)  and B<sched_get_priority_max>(2).  For other "
"policies, this field must be specified as 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:186
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<sched_runtime>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:195
msgid ""
"This field specifies the \"Runtime\" parameter for deadline scheduling.  The "
"value is expressed in nanoseconds.  This field, and the next two fields, are "
"used only for B<SCHED_DEADLINE> scheduling; for further details, see "
"B<sched>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:195
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<sched_deadline>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:199
msgid ""
"This field specifies the \"Deadline\" parameter for deadline scheduling.  "
"The value is expressed in nanoseconds."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:199
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<sched_period>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:203
msgid ""
"This field specifies the \"Period\" parameter for deadline scheduling.  The "
"value is expressed in nanoseconds."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:210 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:262
msgid ""
"The I<flags> argument is provided to allow for future extensions to the "
"interface; in the current implementation it must be specified as 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:210
#, no-wrap
msgid "sched_getattr()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:221
msgid ""
"The B<sched_getattr>()  system call fetches the scheduling policy and the "
"associated attributes for the thread whose ID is specified in I<pid>.  If "
"I<pid> equals zero, the scheduling policy and attributes of the calling "
"thread will be retrieved."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:231
msgid ""
"The I<size> argument should be set to the size of the I<sched_attr> "
"structure as known to user space.  The value must be at least as large as "
"the size of the initially published I<sched_attr> structure, or the call "
"fails with the error B<EINVAL>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:241
msgid ""
"The retrieved scheduling attributes are placed in the fields of the "
"I<sched_attr> structure pointed to by I<attr>.  The kernel sets I<attr.size> "
"to the size of its I<sched_attr> structure."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:257
msgid ""
"If the caller-provided I<attr> buffer is larger than the kernel's "
"I<sched_attr> structure, the additional bytes in the user-space structure "
"are not touched.  If the caller-provided structure is smaller than the "
"kernel I<sched_attr> structure and the kernel needs to return values outside "
"the provided space, B<sched_getattr>()  fails with the error B<E2BIG>.  As "
"with B<sched_setattr>(), these semantics allow for future extensibility of "
"the interface."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:271
msgid ""
"On success, B<sched_setattr>()  and B<sched_getattr>()  return 0.  On error, "
"-1 is returned, and I<errno> is set to indicate the cause of the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:276
msgid ""
"B<sched_getattr>()  and B<sched_setattr>()  can both fail for the following "
"reasons:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:284
msgid "I<attr> is NULL; or I<pid> is negative; or I<flags> is not zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:293
msgid "In addition, B<sched_getattr>()  can fail for the following reasons:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:293 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:310
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<E2BIG>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:300
msgid "The buffer specified by I<size> and I<attr> is too small."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:306
msgid ""
"I<size> is invalid; that is, it is smaller than the initial version of the "
"I<sched_attr> structure (48 bytes) or larger than the system page size."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:310
msgid "In addition, B<sched_setattr>()  can fail for the following reasons:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:318
msgid ""
"The buffer specified by I<size> and I<attr> is larger than the kernel "
"structure, and one or more of the excess bytes is nonzero."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:318
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EBUSY>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:323
msgid "B<SCHED_DEADLINE> admission control failure, see B<sched>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:339
msgid ""
"I<attr.sched_policy> is not one of the recognized policies; "
"I<attr.sched_flags> contains a flag other than B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK>; "
"or I<attr.sched_priority> is invalid; or I<attr.sched_policy> is "
"B<SCHED_DEADLINE> and the deadline scheduling parameters in I<attr> are "
"invalid."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:342
msgid "The caller does not have appropriate privileges."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:348
msgid ""
"The caller's CPU affinity mask does not include all CPUs in the system (see "
"B<sched_setaffinity>(2))."
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME . Add glibc version
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:351
msgid "These system calls first appeared in Linux 3.14."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:353
msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:369
msgid ""
"B<sched_setattr>()  provides a superset of the functionality of "
"B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), B<nice>(2), and (other than "
"the ability to set the priority of all processes belonging to a specified "
"user or all processes in a specified group)  B<setpriority>(2).  "
"Analogously, B<sched_getattr>()  provides a superset of the functionality of "
"B<sched_getscheduler>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), and (partially)  "
"B<getpriority>(2)."
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME . patch sent to Peter Zijlstra
#.  In Linux versions up to up 3.15,
#.  FIXME . patch from Peter Zijlstra pending
#.  .BR sched_setattr ()
#.  allowed a negative
#.  .I attr.sched_policy
#.  value.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:385
msgid ""
"In Linux versions up to 3.15, B<sched_settattr>()  failed with the error "
"B<EFAULT> instead of B<E2BIG> for the case described in ERRORS."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:407
msgid ""
"B<chrt>(1), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), "
"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getaffinity>(2), "
"B<sched_getscheduler>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2), "
"B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), "
"B<sched_yield>(2), B<setpriority>(2), B<pthread_getschedparam>(3), "
"B<pthread_setschedparam>(3), B<pthread_setschedprio>(3), B<capabilities>(7), "
"B<cpuset>(7), B<sched>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_SETPARAM"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-05-11"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:33
msgid "sched_setparam, sched_getparam - set and get scheduling parameters"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:38
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int sched_setparam(pid_t >I<pid>B<, const struct sched_param "
"*>I<param>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:40
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int sched_getparam(pid_t >I<pid>B<, struct sched_param *>I<param>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:46
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<struct sched_param {\n"
"    ...\n"
"    int >I<sched_priority>B<;\n"
"    ...\n"
"};>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:60
msgid ""
"B<sched_setparam>()  sets the scheduling parameters associated with the "
"scheduling policy for the process identified by I<pid>.  If I<pid> is zero, "
"then the parameters of the calling process are set.  The interpretation of "
"the argument I<param> depends on the scheduling policy of the process "
"identified by I<pid>.  See B<sched>(7)  for a description of the scheduling "
"policies supported under Linux."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:66
msgid ""
"B<sched_getparam>()  retrieves the scheduling parameters for the process "
"identified by I<pid>.  If I<pid> is zero, then the parameters of the calling "
"process are retrieved."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:75
msgid ""
"B<sched_setparam>()  checks the validity of I<param> for the scheduling "
"policy of the thread.  The value I<param-E<gt>sched_priority> must lie "
"within the range given by B<sched_get_priority_min>(2)  and "
"B<sched_get_priority_max>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:79
msgid ""
"For a discussion of the privileges and resource limits related to scheduling "
"priority and policy, see B<sched>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:87
msgid ""
"POSIX systems on which B<sched_setparam>()  and B<sched_getparam>()  are "
"available define B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:96
msgid ""
"On success, B<sched_setparam>()  and B<sched_getparam>()  return 0.  On "
"error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:104
msgid "Invalid arguments: I<param> is NULL or I<pid> is negative"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:109
msgid ""
"(B<sched_setparam>())  The argument I<param> does not make sense for the "
"current scheduling policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:116
msgid ""
"(B<sched_setparam>())  The calling process does not have appropriate "
"privileges (Linux: does not have the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:119
msgid "The process whose ID is I<pid> could not be found."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:127
msgid ""
"Scheduling parameters are in fact per-thread attributes on Linux; see "
"B<sched>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:142
msgid ""
"B<getpriority>(2), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), "
"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getaffinity>(2), "
"B<sched_getscheduler>(2), B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2), "
"B<sched_setattr>(2), B<setpriority>(2), B<capabilities>(7), B<sched>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_SETSCHEDULER"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:30
msgid ""
"sched_setscheduler, sched_getscheduler - set and get scheduling "
"policy/parameters"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:35
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int sched_setscheduler(pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<policy>B<,>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<                       const struct sched_param *>I<param>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int sched_getscheduler(pid_t >I<pid>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:49
msgid ""
"The B<sched_setscheduler>()  system call sets both the scheduling policy and "
"parameters for the thread whose ID is specified in I<pid>.  If I<pid> equals "
"zero, the scheduling policy and parameters of the calling thread will be "
"set."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:53
msgid ""
"The scheduling parameters are specified in the I<param> argument, which is a "
"pointer to a structure of the following form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:61
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct sched_param {\n"
"    ...\n"
"    int sched_priority;\n"
"    ...\n"
"};\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:69
msgid ""
"In the current implementation, the structure contains only one field, "
"I<sched_priority>.  The interpretation of I<param> depends on the selected "
"policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:90
msgid "For each of the above policies, I<param-E<gt>sched_priority> must be 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:116
msgid ""
"For each of the above policies, I<param-E<gt>sched_priority> specifies a "
"scheduling priority for the thread.  This is a number in the range returned "
"by calling B<sched_get_priority_min>(2)  and B<sched_get_priority_max>(2)  "
"with the specified I<policy>.  On Linux, these system calls return, "
"respectively, 1 and 99."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:129
msgid ""
"Since Linux 2.6.32, the B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> flag can be ORed in I<policy> "
"when calling B<sched_setscheduler>().  As a result of including this flag, "
"children created by B<fork>(2)  do not inherit privileged scheduling "
"policies.  See B<sched>(7)  for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:135
msgid ""
"B<sched_getscheduler>()  returns the current scheduling policy of the thread "
"identified by I<pid>.  If I<pid> equals zero, the policy of the calling "
"thread will be retrieved."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:145
msgid ""
"On success, B<sched_setscheduler>()  returns zero.  On success, "
"B<sched_getscheduler>()  returns the policy for the thread (a nonnegative "
"integer).  On error, both calls return -1, and I<errno> is set "
"appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:153
msgid "Invalid arguments: I<pid> is negative or I<param> is NULL."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:158
msgid "(B<sched_setscheduler>())  I<policy> is not one of the recognized policies."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:164
msgid ""
"(B<sched_setscheduler>())  I<param> does not make sense for the specified "
"I<policy>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:167
msgid "The calling thread does not have appropriate privileges."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:173
msgid ""
"POSIX.1-2001 (but see BUGS below).  The B<SCHED_BATCH> and B<SCHED_IDLE> "
"policies are Linux-specific."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:177
msgid ""
"Further details of the semantics of all of the above \"normal\" and "
"\"real-time\" scheduling policies can be found in B<sched>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:185
msgid ""
"POSIX systems on which B<sched_setscheduler>()  and B<sched_getscheduler>()  "
"are available define B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:193
msgid ""
"POSIX.1 does not detail the permissions that an unprivileged thread requires "
"in order to call B<sched_setscheduler>(), and details vary across systems.  "
"For example, the Solaris 7 manual page says that the real or effective user "
"ID of the caller must match the real user ID or the save set-user-ID of the "
"target."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:214
msgid ""
"The scheduling policy and parameters are in fact per-thread attributes on "
"Linux.  The value returned from a call to B<gettid>(2)  can be passed in the "
"argument I<pid>.  Specifying I<pid> as 0 will operate on the attributes of "
"the calling thread, and passing the value returned from a call to "
"B<getpid>(2)  will operate on the attributes of the main thread of the "
"thread group.  (If you are using the POSIX threads API, then use "
"B<pthread_setschedparam>(3), B<pthread_getschedparam>(3), and "
"B<pthread_setschedprio>(3), instead of the B<sched_*>(2)  system calls.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:222
msgid ""
"POSIX says that on success, B<sched_setscheduler>()  should return the "
"previous scheduling policy.  Linux B<sched_setscheduler>()  does not conform "
"to this requirement, since it always returns 0 on success."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:241
msgid ""
"B<chrt>(1), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), "
"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getaffinity>(2), B<sched_getattr>(2), "
"B<sched_getparam>(2), B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2), B<sched_setaffinity>(2), "
"B<sched_setattr>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), B<sched_yield>(2), "
"B<setpriority>(2), B<capabilities>(7), B<cpuset>(7), B<sched>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_YIELD"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:32
msgid "sched_yield - yield the processor"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:36
msgid "B<int sched_yield(void);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:41
msgid ""
"B<sched_yield>()  causes the calling thread to relinquish the CPU.  The "
"thread is moved to the end of the queue for its static priority and a new "
"thread gets to run."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:48
msgid ""
"On success, B<sched_yield>()  returns 0.  On error, -1 is returned, and "
"I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:52
msgid "In the Linux implementation, B<sched_yield>()  always succeeds."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:59
msgid ""
"If the calling thread is the only thread in the highest priority list at "
"that time, it will continue to run after a call to B<sched_yield>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:66
msgid ""
"POSIX systems on which B<sched_yield>()  is available define "
"B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:79
msgid ""
"Strategic calls to B<sched_yield>()  can improve performance by giving other "
"threads or processes a chance to run when (heavily) contended resources "
"(e.g., mutexes)  have been released by the caller.  Avoid calling "
"B<sched_yield>()  unnecessarily or inappropriately (e.g., when resources "
"needed by other schedulable threads are still held by the caller), since "
"doing so will result in unnecessary context switches, which will degrade "
"system performance."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:32
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:35
msgid "sched - overview of scheduling APIs"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:36
#, no-wrap
msgid "API summary"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:38
msgid "The Linux scheduling APIs are as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:38
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_setscheduler>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:41
msgid "Set the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_getscheduler>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:44
msgid "Return the scheduling policy of a specified thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:44
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_setparam>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:47
msgid "Set the scheduling parameters of a specified thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_getparam>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:50
msgid "Fetch the scheduling parameters of a specified thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:50
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_get_priority_max>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:53
msgid "Return the minimum priority available in a specified scheduling policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:53
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_get_priority_min>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:56
msgid "Return the maximum priority available in a specified scheduling policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:56
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:60
msgid ""
"Fetch the quantum used for threads that are scheduled under the "
"\"round-robin\" scheduling policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:60
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_yield>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:64
msgid ""
"Cause the caller to relinquish the CPU, so that some other thread be "
"executed."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:64
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_setaffinity>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:68
msgid "(Linux-specific)  Set the CPU affinity of a specified thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:68
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_getaffinity>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:72
msgid "(Linux-specific)  Get the CPU affinity of a specified thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:72
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_setattr>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:79
msgid ""
"Set the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread.  This "
"(Linux-specific) system call provides a superset of the functionality of "
"B<sched_setscheduler>(2)  and B<sched_setparam>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:79
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<sched_getattr>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:87
msgid ""
"Fetch the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread.  This "
"(Linux-specific) system call provides a superset of the functionality of "
"B<sched_getscheduler>(2)  and B<sched_getparam>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:87
#, no-wrap
msgid "Scheduling policies"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:95
msgid ""
"The scheduler is the kernel component that decides which runnable thread "
"will be executed by the CPU next.  Each thread has an associated scheduling "
"policy and a I<static> scheduling priority, I<sched_priority>.  The "
"scheduler makes its decisions based on knowledge of the scheduling policy "
"and static priority of all threads on the system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:100
msgid ""
"For threads scheduled under one of the normal scheduling policies "
"(B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_IDLE>, B<SCHED_BATCH>), I<sched_priority> is not "
"used in scheduling decisions (it must be specified as 0)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:114
msgid ""
"Processes scheduled under one of the real-time policies (B<SCHED_FIFO>, "
"B<SCHED_RR>) have a I<sched_priority> value in the range 1 (low) to 99 "
"(high).  (As the numbers imply, real-time threads always have higher "
"priority than normal threads.)  Note well: POSIX.1-2001 requires an "
"implementation to support only a minimum 32 distinct priority levels for the "
"real-time policies, and some systems supply just this minimum.  Portable "
"programs should use B<sched_get_priority_min>(2)  and "
"B<sched_get_priority_max>(2)  to find the range of priorities supported for "
"a particular policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:120
msgid ""
"Conceptually, the scheduler maintains a list of runnable threads for each "
"possible I<sched_priority> value.  In order to determine which thread runs "
"next, the scheduler looks for the nonempty list with the highest static "
"priority and selects the thread at the head of this list."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:124
msgid ""
"A thread's scheduling policy determines where it will be inserted into the "
"list of threads with equal static priority and how it will move inside this "
"list."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:132
msgid ""
"All scheduling is preemptive: if a thread with a higher static priority "
"becomes ready to run, the currently running thread will be preempted and "
"returned to the wait list for its static priority level.  The scheduling "
"policy determines the ordering only within the list of runnable threads with "
"equal static priority."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:132
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_FIFO: First in-first out scheduling"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:141
msgid ""
"B<SCHED_FIFO> can be used only with static priorities higher than 0, which "
"means that when a B<SCHED_FIFO> threads becomes runnable, it will always "
"immediately preempt any currently running B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_BATCH>, or "
"B<SCHED_IDLE> thread.  B<SCHED_FIFO> is a simple scheduling algorithm "
"without time slicing.  For threads scheduled under the B<SCHED_FIFO> policy, "
"the following rules apply:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:141 build/C/man7/sched.7:146 build/C/man7/sched.7:149 build/C/man7/sched.7:164 build/C/man7/sched.7:412 build/C/man7/sched.7:421 build/C/man7/sched.7:444 build/C/man7/sched.7:452 build/C/man7/sched.7:491 build/C/man7/sched.7:499 build/C/man7/sched.7:504 build/C/man7/sched.7:509
#, no-wrap
msgid "*"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:146
msgid ""
"A B<SCHED_FIFO> thread that has been preempted by another thread of higher "
"priority will stay at the head of the list for its priority and will resume "
"execution as soon as all threads of higher priority are blocked again."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:149
msgid ""
"When a B<SCHED_FIFO> thread becomes runnable, it will be inserted at the end "
"of the list for its priority."
msgstr ""

#.  In 2.2.x and 2.4.x, the thread is placed at the front of the queue
#.  In 2.0.x, the Right Thing happened: the thread went to the back -- MTK
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:164
msgid ""
"A call to B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), or "
"B<sched_setattr>(2)  will put the B<SCHED_FIFO> (or B<SCHED_RR>) thread "
"identified by I<pid> at the start of the list if it was runnable.  As a "
"consequence, it may preempt the currently running thread if it has the same "
"priority.  (POSIX.1-2001 specifies that the thread should go to the end of "
"the list.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:168
msgid "A thread calling B<sched_yield>(2)  will be put at the end of the list."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:172
msgid ""
"No other events will move a thread scheduled under the B<SCHED_FIFO> policy "
"in the wait list of runnable threads with equal static priority."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:177
msgid ""
"A B<SCHED_FIFO> thread runs until either it is blocked by an I/O request, it "
"is preempted by a higher priority thread, or it calls B<sched_yield>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:177
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_RR: Round-robin scheduling"
msgstr ""

#.  On Linux 2.4, the length of the RR interval is influenced
#.  by the process nice value -- MTK
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:196
msgid ""
"B<SCHED_RR> is a simple enhancement of B<SCHED_FIFO>.  Everything described "
"above for B<SCHED_FIFO> also applies to B<SCHED_RR>, except that each thread "
"is allowed to run only for a maximum time quantum.  If a B<SCHED_RR> thread "
"has been running for a time period equal to or longer than the time quantum, "
"it will be put at the end of the list for its priority.  A B<SCHED_RR> "
"thread that has been preempted by a higher priority thread and subsequently "
"resumes execution as a running thread will complete the unexpired portion of "
"its round-robin time quantum.  The length of the time quantum can be "
"retrieved using B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:196
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_DEADLINE: Sporadic task model deadline scheduling"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:208
msgid ""
"Since version 3.14, Linux provides a deadline scheduling policy "
"(B<SCHED_DEADLINE>).  This policy is currently implemented using GEDF "
"(Global Earliest Deadline First)  in conjunction with CBS (Constant "
"Bandwidth Server).  To set and fetch this policy and associated attributes, "
"one must use the Linux-specific B<sched_setattr>(2)  and B<sched_getattr>(2)  "
"system calls."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:226
msgid ""
"A sporadic task is one that has a sequence of jobs, where each job is "
"activated at most once per period.  Each job also has a I<relative "
"deadline>, before which it should finish execution, and a I<computation "
"time>, which is the CPU time necessary for executing the job.  The moment "
"when a task wakes up because a new job has to be executed is called the "
"I<arrival time> (also referred to as the request time or release time).  The "
"I<start time> is the time at which a task starts its execution.  The "
"I<absolute deadline> is thus obtained by adding the relative deadline to the "
"arrival time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:228
msgid "The following diagram clarifies these terms:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:239
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"arrival/wakeup                    absolute deadline\n"
"     |    start time                    |\n"
"     |        |                         |\n"
"     v        v                         v\n"
"-----x--------xooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n"
"              |E<lt>- comp. time -E<gt>|\n"
"     |E<lt>------- relative deadline ------E<gt>|\n"
"     |E<lt>-------------- period -------------------E<gt>|\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:258
msgid ""
"When setting a B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy for a thread using "
"B<sched_setattr>(2), one can specify three parameters: I<Runtime>, "
"I<Deadline>, and I<Period>.  These parameters do not necessarily correspond "
"to the aforementioned terms: usual practice is to set Runtime to something "
"bigger than the average computation time (or worst-case execution time for "
"hard real-time tasks), Deadline to the relative deadline, and Period to the "
"period of the task.  Thus, for B<SCHED_DEADLINE> scheduling, we have:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:269
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"arrival/wakeup                    absolute deadline\n"
"     |    start time                    |\n"
"     |        |                         |\n"
"     v        v                         v\n"
"-----x--------xooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n"
"              |E<lt>-- Runtime -------E<gt>|\n"
"     |E<lt>----------- Deadline -----------E<gt>|\n"
"     |E<lt>-------------- Period -------------------E<gt>|\n"
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME It looks as though specifying sched_period as 0 means
#.        "make sched_period the same as sched_deadline".
#.        This needs to be documented.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:289
msgid ""
"The three deadline-scheduling parameters correspond to the I<sched_runtime>, "
"I<sched_deadline>, and I<sched_period> fields of the I<sched_attr> "
"structure; see B<sched_setattr>(2).  These fields express value in "
"nanoseconds.  If I<sched_period> is specified as 0, then it is made the same "
"as I<sched_deadline>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:291
msgid "The kernel requires that:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:293
#, no-wrap
msgid "    sched_runtime E<lt>= sched_deadline E<lt>= sched_period\n"
msgstr ""

#.  See __checkparam_dl in kernel/sched/core.c
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:303
msgid ""
"In addition, under the current implementation, all of the parameter values "
"must be at least 1024 (i.e., just over one microsecond, which is the "
"resolution of the implementation), and less than 2^63.  If any of these "
"checks fails, B<sched_setattr>(2)  fails with the error B<EINVAL>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:306
msgid ""
"The CBS guarantees non-interference between tasks, by throttling threads "
"that attempt to over-run their specified Runtime."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:319
msgid ""
"To ensure deadline scheduling guarantees, the kernel must prevent situations "
"where the set of B<SCHED_DEADLINE> threads is not feasible (schedulable) "
"within the given constraints.  The kernel thus performs an admittance test "
"when setting or changing B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy and attributes.  This "
"admission test calculates whether the change is feasible; if it is not "
"B<sched_setattr>(2)  fails with the error B<EBUSY>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:325
msgid ""
"For example, it is required (but not necessarily sufficient) for the total "
"utilization to be less than or equal to the total number of CPUs available, "
"where, since each thread can maximally run for Runtime per Period, that "
"thread's utilization is its Runtime divided by its Period."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:336
msgid ""
"In order to fulfil the guarantees that are made when a thread is admitted to "
"the B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy, B<SCHED_DEADLINE> threads are the highest "
"priority (user controllable) threads in the system; if any B<SCHED_DEADLINE> "
"thread is runnable, it will preempt any thread scheduled under one of the "
"other policies."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:344
msgid ""
"A call to B<fork>(2)  by a thread scheduled under the B<SCHED_DEADLINE> "
"policy will fail with the error B<EAGAIN>, unless the thread has its "
"reset-on-fork flag set (see below)."
msgstr ""

#
#.  FIXME Calling sched_getparam() on a SCHED_DEADLINE thread
#.        fails with EINVAL, but sched_getscheduler() succeeds.
#.        Is that intended? (Why?)
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:355
msgid ""
"A B<SCHED_DEADLINE> thread that calls B<sched_yield>(2)  will yield the "
"current job and wait for a new period to begin."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:355
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_OTHER: Default Linux time-sharing scheduling"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:372
msgid ""
"B<SCHED_OTHER> can be used at only static priority 0.  B<SCHED_OTHER> is the "
"standard Linux time-sharing scheduler that is intended for all threads that "
"do not require the special real-time mechanisms.  The thread to run is "
"chosen from the static priority 0 list based on a I<dynamic> priority that "
"is determined only inside this list.  The dynamic priority is based on the "
"nice value (set by B<nice>(2), B<setpriority>(2), or B<sched_setattr>(2))  "
"and increased for each time quantum the thread is ready to run, but denied "
"to run by the scheduler.  This ensures fair progress among all "
"B<SCHED_OTHER> threads."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:372
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_BATCH: Scheduling batch processes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:384
msgid ""
"(Since Linux 2.6.16.)  B<SCHED_BATCH> can be used only at static priority "
"0.  This policy is similar to B<SCHED_OTHER> in that it schedules the thread "
"according to its dynamic priority (based on the nice value).  The difference "
"is that this policy will cause the scheduler to always assume that the "
"thread is CPU-intensive.  Consequently, the scheduler will apply a small "
"scheduling penalty with respect to wakeup behavior, so that this thread is "
"mildly disfavored in scheduling decisions."
msgstr ""

#.  The following paragraph is drawn largely from the text that
#.  accompanied Ingo Molnar's patch for the implementation of
#.  SCHED_BATCH.
#.  commit b0a9499c3dd50d333e2aedb7e894873c58da3785
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:394
msgid ""
"This policy is useful for workloads that are noninteractive, but do not want "
"to lower their nice value, and for workloads that want a deterministic "
"scheduling policy without interactivity causing extra preemptions (between "
"the workload's tasks)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:394
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_IDLE: Scheduling very low priority jobs"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:398
msgid ""
"(Since Linux 2.6.23.)  B<SCHED_IDLE> can be used only at static priority 0; "
"the process nice value has no influence for this policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:406
msgid ""
"This policy is intended for running jobs at extremely low priority (lower "
"even than a +19 nice value with the B<SCHED_OTHER> or B<SCHED_BATCH> "
"policies)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:406
#, no-wrap
msgid "Resetting scheduling policy for child processes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:412
msgid ""
"Each thread has a reset-on-fork scheduling flag.  When this flag is set, "
"children created by B<fork>(2)  do not inherit privileged scheduling "
"policies.  The reset-on-fork flag can be set by either:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:421
msgid ""
"ORing the B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> flag into the I<policy> argument when "
"calling B<sched_setscheduler>(2)  (since Linux 2.6.32); or"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:428
msgid ""
"specifying the B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK> flag in I<attr.sched_flags> when "
"calling B<sched_setattr>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:434
msgid ""
"Note that the constants used with these two APIs have different names.  The "
"state of the reset-on-fork flag can analogously be retrieved using "
"B<sched_getscheduler>(2)  and B<sched_getattr>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:441
msgid ""
"The reset-on-fork feature is intended for media-playback applications, and "
"can be used to prevent applications evading the B<RLIMIT_RTTIME> resource "
"limit (see B<getrlimit>(2))  by creating multiple child processes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:444
msgid ""
"More precisely, if the reset-on-fork flag is set, the following rules apply "
"for subsequently created children:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:452
msgid ""
"If the calling thread has a scheduling policy of B<SCHED_FIFO> or "
"B<SCHED_RR>, the policy is reset to B<SCHED_OTHER> in child processes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:455
msgid ""
"If the calling process has a negative nice value, the nice value is reset to "
"zero in child processes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:463
msgid ""
"After the reset-on-fork flag has been enabled, it can be reset only if the "
"thread has the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability.  This flag is disabled in child "
"processes created by B<fork>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:463
#, no-wrap
msgid "Privileges and resource limits"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:475
msgid ""
"In Linux kernels before 2.6.12, only privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>)  threads "
"can set a nonzero static priority (i.e., set a real-time scheduling "
"policy).  The only change that an unprivileged thread can make is to set the "
"B<SCHED_OTHER> policy, and this can be done only if the effective user ID of "
"the caller matches the real or effective user ID of the target thread (i.e., "
"the thread specified by I<pid>)  whose policy is being changed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:481
msgid ""
"A thread must be privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>)  in order to set or modify a "
"B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:491
msgid ""
"Since Linux 2.6.12, the B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> resource limit defines a ceiling on "
"an unprivileged thread's static priority for the B<SCHED_RR> and "
"B<SCHED_FIFO> policies.  The rules for changing scheduling policy and "
"priority are as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:499
msgid ""
"If an unprivileged thread has a nonzero B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> soft limit, then it "
"can change its scheduling policy and priority, subject to the restriction "
"that the priority cannot be set to a value higher than the maximum of its "
"current priority and its B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> soft limit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:504
msgid ""
"If the B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> soft limit is 0, then the only permitted changes are "
"to lower the priority, or to switch to a non-real-time policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:509
msgid ""
"Subject to the same rules, another unprivileged thread can also make these "
"changes, as long as the effective user ID of the thread making the change "
"matches the real or effective user ID of the target thread."
msgstr ""

#.  commit c02aa73b1d18e43cfd79c2f193b225e84ca497c8
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:528
msgid ""
"Special rules apply for the B<SCHED_IDLE> policy.  In Linux kernels before "
"2.6.39, an unprivileged thread operating under this policy cannot change its "
"policy, regardless of the value of its B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> resource limit.  In "
"Linux kernels since 2.6.39, an unprivileged thread can switch to either the "
"B<SCHED_BATCH> or the B<SCHED_NORMAL> policy so long as its nice value falls "
"within the range permitted by its B<RLIMIT_NICE> resource limit (see "
"B<getrlimit>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:539
msgid ""
"Privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>)  threads ignore the B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> limit; as "
"with older kernels, they can make arbitrary changes to scheduling policy and "
"priority.  See B<getrlimit>(2)  for further information on B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:539
#, no-wrap
msgid "Limiting the CPU usage of real-time and deadline processes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:552
msgid ""
"A nonblocking infinite loop in a thread scheduled under the B<SCHED_FIFO>, "
"B<SCHED_RR>, or B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy will block all threads with lower "
"priority forever.  Prior to Linux 2.6.25, the only way of preventing a "
"runaway real-time process from freezing the system was to run (at the "
"console)  a shell scheduled under a higher static priority than the tested "
"application.  This allows an emergency kill of tested real-time applications "
"that do not block or terminate as expected."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:562
msgid ""
"Since Linux 2.6.25, there are other techniques for dealing with runaway "
"real-time and deadline processes.  One of these is to use the "
"B<RLIMIT_RTTIME> resource limit to set a ceiling on the CPU time that a "
"real-time process may consume.  See B<getrlimit>(2)  for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:570
msgid ""
"Since version 2.6.25, Linux also provides two I</proc> files that can be "
"used to reserve a certain amount of CPU time to be used by non-real-time "
"processes.  Reserving some CPU time in this fashion allows some CPU time to "
"be allocated to (say) a root shell that can be used to kill a runaway "
"process.  Both of these files specify time values in microseconds:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:570
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_us>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:578
msgid ""
"This file specifies a scheduling period that is equivalent to 100% CPU "
"bandwidth.  The value in this file can range from 1 to B<INT_MAX>, giving an "
"operating range of 1 microsecond to around 35 minutes.  The default value in "
"this file is 1,000,000 (1 second)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:578
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:591
msgid ""
"The value in this file specifies how much of the \"period\" time can be used "
"by all real-time and deadline scheduled processes on the system.  The value "
"in this file can range from -1 to B<INT_MAX>-1.  Specifying -1 makes the "
"runtime the same as the period; that is, no CPU time is set aside for "
"non-real-time processes (which was the Linux behavior before kernel "
"2.6.25).  The default value in this file is 950,000 (0.95 seconds), meaning "
"that 5% of the CPU time is reserved for processes that don't run under a "
"real-time or deadline scheduling policy."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:592
#, no-wrap
msgid "Response time"
msgstr ""

#.  as described in
#.  .BR request_irq (9).
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:600
msgid ""
"A blocked high priority thread waiting for I/O has a certain response time "
"before it is scheduled again.  The device driver writer can greatly reduce "
"this response time by using a \"slow interrupt\" interrupt handler."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:600
#, no-wrap
msgid "Miscellaneous"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:605
msgid ""
"Child processes inherit the scheduling policy and parameters across a "
"B<fork>(2).  The scheduling policy and parameters are preserved across "
"B<execve>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:611
msgid ""
"Memory locking is usually needed for real-time processes to avoid paging "
"delays; this can be done with B<mlock>(2)  or B<mlockall>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:622
msgid ""
"Originally, Standard Linux was intended as a general-purpose operating "
"system being able to handle background processes, interactive applications, "
"and less demanding real-time applications (applications that need to usually "
"meet timing deadlines).  Although the Linux kernel 2.6 allowed for kernel "
"preemption and the newly introduced O(1) scheduler ensures that the time "
"needed to schedule is fixed and deterministic irrespective of the number of "
"active tasks, true real-time computing was not possible up to kernel version "
"2.6.17."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:622
#, no-wrap
msgid "Real-time features in the mainline Linux kernel"
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME . Probably this text will need some minor tweaking
#.  by about the time of 2.6.30; ask Carsten Emde about this then.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:636
msgid ""
"From kernel version 2.6.18 onward, however, Linux is gradually becoming "
"equipped with real-time capabilities, most of which are derived from the "
"former I<realtime-preempt> patches developed by Ingo Molnar, Thomas "
"Gleixner, Steven Rostedt, and others.  Until the patches have been "
"completely merged into the mainline kernel (this is expected to be around "
"kernel version 2.6.30), they must be installed to achieve the best real-time "
"performance.  These patches are named:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:640
#, no-wrap
msgid "patch-I<kernelversion>-rtI<patchversion>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:646
msgid ""
"and can be downloaded from E<.UR "
"http://www.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/projects\\:/rt/> E<.UE .>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:655
msgid ""
"Without the patches and prior to their full inclusion into the mainline "
"kernel, the kernel configuration offers only the three preemption classes "
"B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE>, B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY>, and "
"B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_DESKTOP> which respectively provide no, some, and "
"considerable reduction of the worst-case scheduling latency."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:664
msgid ""
"With the patches applied or after their full inclusion into the mainline "
"kernel, the additional configuration item B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT> becomes "
"available.  If this is selected, Linux is transformed into a regular "
"real-time operating system.  The FIFO and RR scheduling policies are then "
"used to run a thread with true real-time priority and a minimum worst-case "
"scheduling latency."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:691
msgid ""
"B<chrt>(1), B<taskset>(1), B<getpriority>(2), B<mlock>(2), B<mlockall>(2), "
"B<munlock>(2), B<munlockall>(2), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), "
"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getscheduler>(2), "
"B<sched_getaffinity>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2), "
"B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), "
"B<sched_yield>(2), B<setpriority>(2), B<pthread_getaffinity_np>(3), "
"B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3), B<sched_getcpu>(3), B<capabilities>(7), "
"B<cpuset>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:695
msgid ""
"I<Programming for the real world - POSIX.4> by Bill O. Gallmeister, O'Reilly "
"& Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-074-0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/sched.7:702
msgid ""
"The Linux kernel source files I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline.txt>, "
"I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt>, "
"I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt>, and "
"I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-nice-design.txt>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:8
#, no-wrap
msgid "SETNS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:8
#, no-wrap
msgid "2015-01-10"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:11
msgid "setns - reassociate thread with a namespace"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:17
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int setns(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<nstype>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:21
msgid ""
"Given a file descriptor referring to a namespace, reassociate the calling "
"thread with that namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:34
msgid ""
"The I<fd> argument is a file descriptor referring to one of the namespace "
"entries in a I</proc/[pid]/ns/> directory; see B<namespaces>(7)  for further "
"information on I</proc/[pid]/ns/>.  The calling thread will be reassociated "
"with the corresponding namespace, subject to any constraints imposed by the "
"I<nstype> argument."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:40
msgid ""
"The I<nstype> argument specifies which type of namespace the calling thread "
"may be reassociated with.  This argument can have one of the following "
"values:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:40
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<0>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:43
msgid "Allow any type of namespace to be joined."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWIPC> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:47
msgid "I<fd> must refer to an IPC namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWNET> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:51
msgid "I<fd> must refer to a network namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:51
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWNS> (since Linux 3.8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:55
msgid "I<fd> must refer to a mount namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:55 build/C/man2/unshare.2:149
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWPID> (since Linux 3.8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:59
msgid "I<fd> must refer to a descendant PID namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:59 build/C/man2/unshare.2:176
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWUSER> (since Linux 3.8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:63
msgid "I<fd> must refer to a user namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:63
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWUTS> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:67
msgid "I<fd> must refer to a UTS namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:82
msgid ""
"Specifying I<nstype> as 0 suffices if the caller knows (or does not care)  "
"what type of namespace is referred to by I<fd>.  Specifying a nonzero value "
"for I<nstype> is useful if the caller does not know what type of namespace "
"is referred to by I<fd> and wants to ensure that the namespace is of a "
"particular type.  (The caller might not know the type of the namespace "
"referred to by I<fd> if the file descriptor was opened by another process "
"and, for example, passed to the caller via a UNIX domain socket.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:97
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWPID> behaves somewhat differently from the other I<nstype> "
"values: reassociating the calling thread with a PID namespace changes only "
"the PID namespace that child processes of the caller will be created in; it "
"does not change the PID namespace of the caller itself.  Reassociating with "
"a PID namespace is allowed only if the PID namespace specified by I<fd> is a "
"descendant (child, grandchild, etc.)  of the PID namespace of the caller.  "
"For further details on PID namespaces, see B<pid_namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""

#.  See kernel/user_namespace.c:userns_install() [3.8 source]
#.  commit e66eded8309ebf679d3d3c1f5820d1f2ca332c71
#.  https://lwn.net/Articles/543273/
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:124
msgid ""
"A process reassociating itself with a user namespace must have the "
"B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability in the target user namespace.  Upon successfully "
"joining a user namespace, a process is granted all capabilities in that "
"namespace, regardless of its user and group IDs.  A multithreaded process "
"may not change user namespace with B<setns>().  It is not permitted to use "
"B<setns>()  to reenter the caller's current user namespace.  This prevents a "
"caller that has dropped capabilities from regaining those capabilities via a "
"call to B<setns>().  For security reasons, a process can't join a new user "
"namespace if it is sharing filesystem-related attributes (the attributes "
"whose sharing is controlled by the B<clone>(2)  B<CLONE_FS> flag) with "
"another process.  For further details on user namespaces, see "
"B<user_namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""

#.  Above check is in fs/namespace.c:mntns_install() [3.8 source]
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:138
msgid ""
"A process may not be reassociated with a new mount namespace if it is "
"multithreaded.  Changing the mount namespace requires that the caller "
"possess both B<CAP_SYS_CHROOT> and B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capabilities in its own "
"user namespace and B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> in the target mount namespace.  See "
"B<user_namespaces>(7)  for details on the interaction of user namespaces and "
"mount namespaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:145
msgid ""
"On success, B<setns>()  returns 0.  On failure, -1 is returned and I<errno> "
"is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:150
msgid "I<fd> is not a valid file descriptor."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:155
msgid ""
"I<fd> refers to a namespace whose type does not match that specified in "
"I<nstype>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:159
msgid "There is problem with reassociating the thread with the specified namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:164
msgid ""
"The caller tried to join an ancestor (parent, grandparent, etc...)  pid "
"namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:168
msgid ""
"The caller attempted to join the user namespace in which it is already a "
"member."
msgstr ""

#.  commit e66eded8309ebf679d3d3c1f5820d1f2ca332c71
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:175
msgid ""
"The caller shares filesystem (B<CLONE_FS>)  state (in particular, the root "
"directory)  with other processes and tried to join a new user namespace."
msgstr ""

#.  See kernel/user_namespace.c::userns_install() [kernel 3.15 sources]
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:179
msgid "The caller is multithreaded and tried to join a new user namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:182
msgid "Cannot allocate sufficient memory to change the specified namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:186
msgid "The calling thread did not have the required capability for this operation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:191
msgid ""
"The B<setns>()  system call first appeared in Linux in kernel 3.0; library "
"support was added to glibc in version 2.14."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:195
msgid "The B<setns>()  system call is Linux-specific."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:201
msgid ""
"Not all of the attributes that can be shared when a new thread is created "
"using B<clone>(2)  can be changed using B<setns>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:210
msgid ""
"The program below takes two or more arguments.  The first argument specifies "
"the pathname of a namespace file in an existing I</proc/[pid]/ns/> "
"directory.  The remaining arguments specify a command and its arguments.  "
"The program opens the namespace file, joins that namespace using B<setns>(), "
"and executes the specified command inside that namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:220
msgid ""
"The following shell session demonstrates the use of this program (compiled "
"as a binary named I<ns_exec>)  in conjunction with the B<CLONE_NEWUTS> "
"example program in the B<clone>(2)  man page (complied as a binary named "
"I<newuts>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:228
msgid ""
"We begin by executing the example program in B<clone>(2)  in the "
"background.  That program creates a child in a separate UTS namespace.  The "
"child changes the hostname in its namespace, and then both processes display "
"the hostnames in their UTS namespaces, so that we can see that they are "
"different."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:240
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<su>                   # Need privilege for namespace operations\n"
"Password:\n"
"# B<./newuts bizarro &>\n"
"[1] 3549\n"
"clone() returned 3550\n"
"uts.nodename in child:  bizarro\n"
"uts.nodename in parent: antero\n"
"# B<uname -n>             # Verify hostname in the shell\n"
"antero\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:247
msgid ""
"We then run the program shown below, using it to execute a shell.  Inside "
"that shell, we verify that the hostname is the one set by the child created "
"by the first program:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:253
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# B<./ns_exec /proc/3550/ns/uts /bin/bash>\n"
"# B<uname -n>             # Executed in shell started by ns_exec\n"
"bizarro\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:263
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:271
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int fd;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:276
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s /proc/PID/ns/FILE cmd args...\\en\", "
"argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:280
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);  /* Get descriptor for namespace */\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        errExit(\"open\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:283
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (setns(fd, 0) == -1)        /* Join that namespace */\n"
"        errExit(\"setns\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:287
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    execvp(argv[2], &argv[2]);     /* Execute a command in namespace */\n"
"    errExit(\"execvp\");\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/setns.2:295
msgid ""
"B<clone>(2), B<fork>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<vfork>(2), B<namespaces>(7), "
"B<unix>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "UNSHARE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:23
msgid "unshare - disassociate parts of the process execution context"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:28
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int unshare(int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:36
msgid "B<unshare>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:62
msgid ""
"B<unshare>()  allows a process to disassociate parts of its execution "
"context that are currently being shared with other processes.  Part of the "
"execution context, such as the mount namespace, is shared implicitly when a "
"new process is created using B<fork>(2)  or B<vfork>(2), while other parts, "
"such as virtual memory, may be shared by explicit request when creating a "
"process using B<clone>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:67
msgid ""
"The main use of B<unshare>()  is to allow a process to control its shared "
"execution context without creating a new process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:74
msgid ""
"The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that specifies which parts of the "
"execution context should be unshared.  This argument is specified by ORing "
"together zero or more of the following constants:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:74
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_FILES>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:82
msgid ""
"Reverse the effect of the B<clone>(2)  B<CLONE_FILES> flag.  Unshare the "
"file descriptor table, so that the calling process no longer shares its file "
"descriptors with any other process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:82
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_FS>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:96
msgid ""
"Reverse the effect of the B<clone>(2)  B<CLONE_FS> flag.  Unshare filesystem "
"attributes, so that the calling process no longer shares its root directory "
"(B<chroot>(2)), current directory (B<chdir>(2)), or umask (B<umask>(2))  "
"attributes with any other process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:113
msgid ""
"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2)  B<CLONE_NEWIPC> flag.  "
"Unshare the System\\ V IPC namespace, so that the calling process has a "
"private copy of the System\\ V IPC namespace which is not shared with any "
"other process.  Specifying this flag automatically implies B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> "
"as well.  Use of B<CLONE_NEWIPC> requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:128
msgid ""
"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2)  B<CLONE_NEWNET> flag.  "
"Unshare the network namespace, so that the calling process is moved into a "
"new network namespace which is not shared with any previously existing "
"process.  Use of B<CLONE_NEWNET> requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:128
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWNS>"
msgstr ""

#.  These flag name are inconsistent:
#.  CLONE_NEWNS does the same thing in clone(), but CLONE_VM,
#.  CLONE_FS, and CLONE_FILES reverse the action of the clone()
#.  flags of the same name.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:149
msgid ""
"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2)  B<CLONE_NEWNS> flag.  "
"Unshare the mount namespace, so that the calling process has a private copy "
"of its namespace which is not shared with any other process.  Specifying "
"this flag automatically implies B<CLONE_FS> as well.  Use of B<CLONE_NEWNS> "
"requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:176
msgid ""
"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2)  B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag.  "
"Unshare the PID namespace, so that the calling process has a new PID "
"namespace for its children which is not shared with any previously existing "
"process.  The calling process is I<not> moved into the new namespace.  The "
"first child created by the calling process will have the process ID 1 and "
"will assume the role of B<init>(1)  in the new namespace.  B<CLONE_NEWPID> "
"automatically implies B<CLONE_THREAD> as well.  Use of B<CLONE_NEWPID> "
"requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability.  For further information, see "
"B<pid_namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:190
msgid ""
"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2)  B<CLONE_NEWUSER> flag.  "
"Unshare the user namespace, so that the calling process is moved into a new "
"user namespace which is not shared with any previously existing process.  As "
"with the child process created by B<clone>(2)  with the B<CLONE_NEWUSER> "
"flag, the caller obtains a full set of capabilities in the new namespace."
msgstr ""

#.  commit e66eded8309ebf679d3d3c1f5820d1f2ca332c71
#.  https://lwn.net/Articles/543273/
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:206
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWUSER> requires that the calling process is not threaded; "
"specifying B<CLONE_NEWUSER> automatically implies B<CLONE_THREAD>.  Since "
"Linux 3.9, B<CLONE_NEWUSER> also automatically implies B<CLONE_FS>.  "
"B<CLONE_NEWUSER> requires that the user ID and group ID of the calling "
"process are mapped to user IDs and group IDs in the user namespace of the "
"calling process at the time of the call."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:223
msgid ""
"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2)  B<CLONE_NEWUTS> flag.  "
"Unshare the UTS IPC namespace, so that the calling process has a private "
"copy of the UTS namespace which is not shared with any other process.  Use "
"of B<CLONE_NEWUTS> requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:223
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> (since Linux 2.6.26)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 9edff4ab1f8d82675277a04e359d0ed8bf14a7b7
#.  CLONE_NEWNS If CLONE_SIGHAND is set and signals are also being shared
#.  (i.e., current->signal->count > 1), force CLONE_THREAD.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:243
msgid ""
"This flag reverses the effect of the B<clone>(2)  B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> flag.  "
"Unshare System\\ V semaphore adjustment (I<semadj>)  values, so that the "
"calling process has a new empty I<semadj> list that is not shared with any "
"other process.  If this is the last process that has a reference to the "
"process's current I<semadj> list, then the adjustments in that list are "
"applied to the corresponding semaphores, as described in B<semop>(2)."
msgstr ""

#.  As at 3.9, the following forced implications also apply,
#.  although the relevant flags are not yet implemented.
#.  If CLONE_THREAD is set force CLONE_VM.
#.  If CLONE_VM is set, force CLONE_SIGHAND.
#
#.  See kernel/fork.c::check_unshare_flags()
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:270
msgid ""
"In addition, B<CLONE_THREAD>, B<CLONE_SIGHAND>, and B<CLONE_VM> can be "
"specified in I<flags> if the caller is single threaded (i.e., it is not "
"sharing its address space with another process or thread).  In this case, "
"these flags have no effect.  (Note also that specifying B<CLONE_THREAD> "
"automatically implies B<CLONE_VM>, and specifying B<CLONE_VM> automatically "
"implies B<CLONE_SIGHAND>.)  If the process is multithreaded, then the use of "
"these flags results in an error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:277
msgid ""
"If I<flags> is specified as zero, then B<unshare>()  is a no-op; no changes "
"are made to the calling process's execution context."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:282
msgid ""
"On success, zero returned.  On failure, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
"to indicate the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:287
msgid "An invalid bit was specified in I<flags>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:296
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_THREAD>, B<CLONE_SIGHAND>, or B<CLONE_VM> was specified in I<flags>, "
"and the caller is multithreaded."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:300
msgid ""
"Cannot allocate sufficient memory to copy parts of caller's context that "
"need to be unshared."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:303
msgid "The calling process did not have the required privileges for this operation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:334
msgid "The B<unshare>()  system call was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:338
msgid "The B<unshare>()  system call is Linux-specific."
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME all of the following needs to be reviewed for the current kernel
#.  However, we can do unshare(CLONE_SIGHAND) if CLONE_SIGHAND
#.  was not specified when doing clone(); i.e., unsharing
#.  signal handlers is permitted if we are not actually
#.  sharing signal handlers.   mtk
#.  However, we can do unshare(CLONE_VM) if CLONE_VM
#.  was not specified when doing clone(); i.e., unsharing
#.  virtual memory is permitted if we are not actually
#.  sharing virtual memory.   mtk
#
#. 9) Future Work
#. --------------
#. The current implementation of unshare does not allow unsharing of
#. signals and signal handlers. Signals are complex to begin with and
#. to unshare signals and/or signal handlers of a currently running
#. process is even more complex. If in the future there is a specific
#. need to allow unsharing of signals and/or signal handlers, it can
#. be incrementally added to unshare without affecting legacy
#. applications using unshare.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:372
msgid ""
"Not all of the process attributes that can be shared when a new process is "
"created using B<clone>(2)  can be unshared using B<unshare>().  In "
"particular, as at kernel 3.8, B<unshare>()  does not implement flags that "
"reverse the effects of B<CLONE_SIGHAND>, B<CLONE_THREAD>, or B<CLONE_VM>.  "
"Such functionality may be added in the future, if required."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:381
msgid ""
"The program below provides a simple implementation of the B<unshare>(1)  "
"command, which unshares one or more namespaces and executes the command "
"supplied in its command-line arguments.  Here's an example of the use of "
"this program, running a shell in a new mount namespace, and verifying that "
"the original shell and the new shell are in separate mount namespaces:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:390
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<readlink /proc/$$/ns/mnt>\n"
"mnt:[4026531840]\n"
"$ B<sudo ./unshare -m /bin/bash>\n"
"[sudo] password for cecilia:\n"
"# B<readlink /proc/$$/ns/mnt>\n"
"mnt:[4026532325]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:396
msgid ""
"The differing output of the two B<readlink>(1)  commands shows that the two "
"shells are in different mount namespaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:400
#, no-wrap
msgid "/* unshare.c\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:409
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"   A simple implementation of the unshare(1) command: unshare\n"
"   namespaces and execute a command.\n"
"*/\n"
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:412
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* A simple error-handling function: print an error message based\n"
"   on the value in \\(aqerrno\\(aq and terminate the calling process */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:429
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"static void\n"
"usage(char *pname)\n"
"{\n"
"    fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s [options] program [arg...]\\en\", pname);\n"
"    fprintf(stderr, \"Options can be:\\en\");\n"
"    fprintf(stderr, \"    -i   unshare IPC namespace\\en\");\n"
"    fprintf(stderr, \"    -m   unshare mount namespace\\en\");\n"
"    fprintf(stderr, \"    -n   unshare network namespace\\en\");\n"
"    fprintf(stderr, \"    -p   unshare PID namespace\\en\");\n"
"    fprintf(stderr, \"    -u   unshare UTS namespace\\en\");\n"
"    fprintf(stderr, \"    -U   unshare user namespace\\en\");\n"
"    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:434
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int flags, opt;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:436
#, no-wrap
msgid "    flags = 0;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:448
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, \"imnpuU\")) != -1) {\n"
"        switch (opt) {\n"
"        case \\(aqi\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWIPC;        break;\n"
"        case \\(aqm\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWNS;         break;\n"
"        case \\(aqn\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWNET;        break;\n"
"        case \\(aqp\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWPID;        break;\n"
"        case \\(aqu\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWUTS;        break;\n"
"        case \\(aqU\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWUSER;       break;\n"
"        default:  usage(argv[0]);\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:451
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (optind E<gt>= argc)\n"
"        usage(argv[0]);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:454
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (unshare(flags) == -1)\n"
"        errExit(\"unshare\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:458
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    execvp(argv[optind], &argv[optind]);\n"
"    errExit(\"execvp\");\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:467
msgid ""
"B<unshare>(1), B<clone>(2), B<fork>(2), B<kcmp>(2), B<setns>(2), "
"B<vfork>(2), B<namespaces>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:470
msgid "I<Documentation/unshare.txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
msgstr ""