# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2015-02-04 23:33+0900\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. Copyright (C) 2011, Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. #. Written by Stephen M. Cameron # #. %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2_ONELINE) #. Licensed under GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2) #. %%%LICENSE_END # #. shorthand for double quote that works everywhere. #. type: ds q #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:9 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:9 #, no-wrap msgid "\\N'34'" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:10 #, no-wrap msgid "CCISS" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:10 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:23 build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:27 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:10 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:27 #, no-wrap msgid "2012-08-05" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:10 build/C/man4/console.4:12 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:23 build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:40 build/C/man5/core.5:25 build/C/man4/cpuid.4:26 build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:27 build/C/man4/fd.4:28 build/C/man7/fifo.7:13 build/C/man4/full.4:26 build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:26 build/C/man4/hd.4:29 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:10 build/C/man4/initrd.4:35 build/C/man4/lp.4:27 build/C/man3/makedev.3:26 build/C/man4/mem.4:26 build/C/man2/mknod.2:15 build/C/man4/mouse.4:26 build/C/man4/msr.4:26 build/C/man4/null.4:26 build/C/man7/pipe.7:25 build/C/man4/ram.4:26 build/C/man4/random.4:19 build/C/man4/sd.4:26 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:27 build/C/man4/st.4:25 build/C/man2/syslog.2:33 build/C/man3/syslog.3:36 build/C/man4/ttyS.4:26 build/C/man7/uri.7:48 build/C/man4/vcs.4:29 build/C/man4/wavelan.4:15 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:10 build/C/man4/console.4:12 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:23 build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:40 build/C/man5/core.5:25 build/C/man4/cpuid.4:26 build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:27 build/C/man4/fd.4:28 build/C/man7/fifo.7:13 build/C/man4/full.4:26 build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:26 build/C/man4/hd.4:29 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:10 build/C/man4/initrd.4:35 build/C/man4/lp.4:27 build/C/man3/makedev.3:26 build/C/man4/mem.4:26 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:28 build/C/man2/mknod.2:15 build/C/man4/mouse.4:26 build/C/man4/msr.4:26 build/C/man4/null.4:26 build/C/man7/pipe.7:25 build/C/man4/ram.4:26 build/C/man4/random.4:19 build/C/man4/sd.4:26 build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:25 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:27 build/C/man4/st.4:25 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:43 build/C/man2/syslog.2:33 build/C/man3/syslog.3:36 build/C/man4/ttyS.4:26 build/C/man7/uri.7:48 build/C/man4/vcs.4:29 build/C/man4/wavelan.4:15 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:11 build/C/man4/console.4:13 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:24 build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:41 build/C/man5/core.5:26 build/C/man4/cpuid.4:27 build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:28 build/C/man4/fd.4:29 build/C/man7/fifo.7:14 build/C/man4/full.4:27 build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:27 build/C/man4/hd.4:30 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:11 build/C/man4/initrd.4:36 build/C/man4/lp.4:28 build/C/man3/makedev.3:27 build/C/man4/mem.4:27 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:29 build/C/man2/mknod.2:16 build/C/man4/mouse.4:27 build/C/man4/msr.4:27 build/C/man4/null.4:27 build/C/man7/pipe.7:26 build/C/man4/ram.4:27 build/C/man4/random.4:20 build/C/man4/sd.4:27 build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:26 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:28 build/C/man4/st.4:26 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:44 build/C/man2/syslog.2:34 build/C/man3/syslog.3:37 build/C/man4/ttyS.4:27 build/C/man7/uri.7:49 build/C/man4/vcs.4:30 build/C/man4/wavelan.4:16 #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:13 msgid "cciss - HP Smart Array block driver" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:13 build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:30 build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:29 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:13 build/C/man4/lp.4:30 build/C/man3/makedev.3:29 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:31 build/C/man2/mknod.2:18 build/C/man4/random.4:22 build/C/man4/sd.4:29 build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:28 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:30 build/C/man4/st.4:28 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:46 build/C/man2/syslog.2:37 build/C/man3/syslog.3:39 build/C/man7/uri.7:51 build/C/man4/wavelan.4:18 #, no-wrap msgid "SYNOPSIS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:16 #, no-wrap msgid "modprobe cciss [ cciss_allow_hpsa=1 ]\n" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:17 build/C/man4/console.4:15 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:26 build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:43 build/C/man5/core.5:28 build/C/man4/cpuid.4:29 build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:46 build/C/man4/fd.4:132 build/C/man7/fifo.7:16 build/C/man4/full.4:39 build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:36 build/C/man4/hd.4:32 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:17 build/C/man4/initrd.4:71 build/C/man4/lp.4:43 build/C/man3/makedev.3:39 build/C/man4/mem.4:29 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:62 build/C/man2/mknod.2:46 build/C/man4/mouse.4:33 build/C/man4/msr.4:29 build/C/man4/null.4:29 build/C/man7/pipe.7:28 build/C/man4/ram.4:29 build/C/man4/random.4:26 build/C/man4/sd.4:71 build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:34 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:62 build/C/man4/st.4:37 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:56 build/C/man2/syslog.2:48 build/C/man3/syslog.3:59 build/C/man4/ttyS.4:29 build/C/man7/uri.7:71 build/C/man4/vcs.4:32 build/C/man4/wavelan.4:20 #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:20 msgid "B is a block driver for older HP Smart Array RAID controllers." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:20 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:20 build/C/man4/initrd.4:180 #, no-wrap msgid "Options" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:29 msgid "" "I: This option prevents the B driver from " "attempting to drive any controllers that the B(4) driver is capable " "of controlling, which is to say, the B driver is restricted by this " "option to the following controllers:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:48 #, no-wrap msgid "" " Smart Array 5300\n" " Smart Array 5i\n" " Smart Array 532\n" " Smart Array 5312\n" " Smart Array 641\n" " Smart Array 642\n" " Smart Array 6400\n" " Smart Array 6400 EM\n" " Smart Array 6i\n" " Smart Array P600\n" " Smart Array P400i\n" " Smart Array E200i\n" " Smart Array E200\n" " Smart Array E200i\n" " Smart Array E200i\n" " Smart Array E200i\n" " Smart Array E500\n" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:49 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:39 #, no-wrap msgid "Supported hardware" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:53 msgid "The B driver supports the following Smart Array boards:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:79 #, no-wrap msgid "" " Smart Array 5300\n" " Smart Array 5i\n" " Smart Array 532\n" " Smart Array 5312\n" " Smart Array 641\n" " Smart Array 642\n" " Smart Array 6400\n" " Smart Array 6400 U320 Expansion Module\n" " Smart Array 6i\n" " Smart Array P600\n" " Smart Array P800\n" " Smart Array E400\n" " Smart Array P400i\n" " Smart Array E200\n" " Smart Array E200i\n" " Smart Array E500\n" " Smart Array P700m\n" " Smart Array P212\n" " Smart Array P410\n" " Smart Array P410i\n" " Smart Array P411\n" " Smart Array P812\n" " Smart Array P712m\n" " Smart Array P711m\n" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:80 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:55 #, no-wrap msgid "Configuration details" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:89 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:63 msgid "" "To configure HP Smart Array controllers, use the HP Array Configuration " "Utility (either B(8) or B(8)) or the Offline ROM-based " "Configuration Utility (ORCA) run from the Smart Array's option ROM at boot " "time." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:89 build/C/man4/console.4:91 build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:110 build/C/man4/fd.4:195 build/C/man4/full.4:59 build/C/man4/hd.4:103 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:63 build/C/man4/initrd.4:418 build/C/man4/lp.4:126 build/C/man4/mem.4:88 build/C/man4/mouse.4:180 build/C/man4/null.4:57 build/C/man4/ram.4:41 build/C/man4/random.4:301 build/C/man4/sd.4:131 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:574 build/C/man4/st.4:879 build/C/man4/ttyS.4:46 build/C/man4/vcs.4:93 #, no-wrap msgid "FILES" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:90 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:64 #, no-wrap msgid "Device nodes" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:92 msgid "The device naming scheme is as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:95 #, no-wrap msgid "Major numbers:\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:104 #, no-wrap msgid "" " 104 cciss0\n" " 105 cciss1\n" " 106 cciss2\n" " 105 cciss3\n" " 108 cciss4\n" " 109 cciss5\n" " 110 cciss6\n" " 111 cciss7\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:106 #, no-wrap msgid "Minor numbers:\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:113 #, no-wrap msgid "" " b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0\n" " |----+----| |----+----|\n" " | |\n" " | +-------- Partition ID (0=wholedev, 1-15 partition)\n" " |\n" " +-------------------- Logical Volume number\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:115 #, no-wrap msgid "The device naming scheme is:\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:120 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /dev/cciss/c0d0 Controller 0, disk 0, whole device\n" " /dev/cciss/c0d0p1 Controller 0, disk 0, partition 1\n" " /dev/cciss/c0d0p2 Controller 0, disk 0, partition 2\n" " /dev/cciss/c0d0p3 Controller 0, disk 0, partition 3\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:125 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /dev/cciss/c1d1 Controller 1, disk 1, whole device\n" " /dev/cciss/c1d1p1 Controller 1, disk 1, partition 1\n" " /dev/cciss/c1d1p2 Controller 1, disk 1, partition 2\n" " /dev/cciss/c1d1p3 Controller 1, disk 1, partition 3\n" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:126 #, no-wrap msgid "Files in /proc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:132 msgid "" "The files I contain information about the " "configuration of each controller. For example:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:152 #, no-wrap msgid "" " $ B\n" " $ B\n" " total 0\n" " -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2010-09-10 10:38 cciss0\n" " -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2010-09-10 10:38 cciss1\n" " -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2010-09-10 10:38 cciss2\n" " $ B\n" " cciss2: HP Smart Array P800 Controller\n" " Board ID: 0x3223103c\n" " Firmware Version: 7.14\n" " IRQ: 16\n" " Logical drives: 1\n" " Current Q depth: 0\n" " Current # commands on controller: 0\n" " Max Q depth since init: 1\n" " Max # commands on controller since init: 2\n" " Max SG entries since init: 32\n" " Sequential access devices: 0\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:154 #, no-wrap msgid " cciss/c2d0: 36.38GB RAID 0\n" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:155 #, no-wrap msgid "Files in /sys" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:156 #, no-wrap msgid "IdevE/ccissX/cXdY/model>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:162 msgid "" "Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 model for logical drive I of controller " "I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:162 #, no-wrap msgid "IdevE/ccissX/cXdY/rev>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:168 msgid "" "Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 revision for logical drive I of " "controller I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:168 #, no-wrap msgid "IdevE/ccissX/cXdY/unique_id>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:174 msgid "" "Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 83 serial number for logical drive I of " "controller I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:174 #, no-wrap msgid "IdevE/ccissX/cXdY/vendor>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:180 msgid "" "Displays the SCSI INQUIRY page 0 vendor for logical drive I of controller " "I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:180 #, no-wrap msgid "IdevE/ccissX/cXdY/block:cciss!cXdY>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:184 msgid "A symbolic link to I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:184 #, no-wrap msgid "IdevE/ccissX/rescan>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:188 msgid "" "When this file is written to, the driver rescans the controller to discover " "any new, removed, or modified logical drives." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:188 #, no-wrap msgid "IdevE/ccissX/resettable>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:197 msgid "" "A value of 1 displayed in this file indicates that the \"reset_devices=1\" " "kernel parameter (used by B) is honored by this controller. A value " "of 0 indicates that the \"reset_devices=1\" kernel parameter will not be " "honored. Some models of Smart Array are not able to honor this parameter." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:197 #, no-wrap msgid "IdevE/ccissX/cXdY/lunid>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:203 msgid "" "Displays the 8-byte LUN ID used to address logical drive I of controller " "I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:203 #, no-wrap msgid "IdevE/ccissX/cXdY/raid_level>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:209 msgid "Displays the RAID level of logical drive I of controller I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:209 #, no-wrap msgid "IdevE/ccissX/cXdY/usage_count>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:215 msgid "" "Displays the usage count (number of opens) of logical drive I of " "controller I." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:215 #, no-wrap msgid "SCSI tape drive and medium changer support" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:226 msgid "" "SCSI sequential access devices and medium changer devices are supported and " "appropriate device nodes are automatically created (e.g., I, " "I, etc.; see B(4) for more details.) You must enable \"SCSI " "tape drive support for Smart Array 5xxx\" and \"SCSI support\" in your " "kernel configuration to be able to use SCSI tape drives with your Smart " "Array 5xxx controller." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:244 msgid "" "Additionally, note that the driver will not engage the SCSI core at init " "time. The driver must be directed to dynamically engage the SCSI core via " "the I filesystem entry, which the \"block\" side of the driver " "creates as I at run time. This is because at " "driver init time, the SCSI core may not yet be initialized (because the " "driver is a block driver) and attempting to register it with the SCSI core " "in such a case would cause a hang. This is best done via an initialization " "script (typically in I, but could vary depending on " "distribution). For example:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:250 #, no-wrap msgid "" " for x in /proc/driver/cciss/cciss[0-9]*\n" " do\n" " echo \"engage scsi\" E $x\n" " done\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:254 msgid "" "Once the SCSI core is engaged by the driver, it cannot be disengaged (except " "by unloading the driver, if it happens to be linked as a module.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:258 msgid "" "Note also that if no sequential access devices or medium changers are " "detected, the SCSI core will not be engaged by the action of the above " "script." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:258 #, no-wrap msgid "Hot plug support for SCSI tape drives" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:268 msgid "" "Hot plugging of SCSI tape drives is supported, with some caveats. The " "B driver must be informed that changes to the SCSI bus have been " "made. This may be done via the I filesystem. For example:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:270 #, no-wrap msgid " echo \"rescan\" E /proc/scsi/cciss0/1\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:272 msgid "This causes the driver to:" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:273 build/C/man4/initrd.4:97 build/C/man4/initrd.4:323 build/C/man4/initrd.4:430 build/C/man4/st.4:892 build/C/man7/uri.7:532 #, no-wrap msgid "1." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:276 msgid "" "query the adapter about changes to the physical SCSI buses and/or fibre " "channel arbitrated loop, and" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:276 build/C/man4/initrd.4:101 build/C/man4/initrd.4:331 build/C/man4/initrd.4:441 build/C/man4/st.4:912 build/C/man7/uri.7:536 #, no-wrap msgid "2." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:279 msgid "" "make note of any new or removed sequential access devices or medium " "changers." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:286 msgid "" "The driver will output messages indicating which devices have been added or " "removed and the controller, bus, target, and lun used to address each " "device. The driver then notifies the SCSI midlayer of these changes." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:293 msgid "" "Note that the naming convention of the I filesystem entries contains " "a number in addition to the driver name (e.g., \"cciss0\" instead of just " "\"cciss\", which you might expect)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:311 msgid "" "Note: I sequential access devices and medium changers are presented as " "SCSI devices to the SCSI midlayer by the B driver. Specifically, " "physical SCSI disk drives are I presented to the SCSI midlayer. The " "only disk devices that are presented to the kernel are logical drives that " "the array controller constructs from regions on the physical drives. The " "logical drives are presented to the block layer (not to the SCSI midlayer). " "It is important for the driver to prevent the kernel from accessing the " "physical drives directly, since these drives are used by the array " "controller to construct the logical drives." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:311 #, no-wrap msgid "SCSI error handling for tape drives and medium changers" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:319 msgid "" "The Linux SCSI midlayer provides an error-handling protocol that is " "initiated whenever a SCSI command fails to complete within a certain amount " "of time (which can vary depending on the command). The B driver " "participates in this protocol to some extent. The normal protocol is a " "four-step process:" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:319 build/C/man4/cciss.4:321 build/C/man4/cciss.4:323 build/C/man4/cciss.4:325 build/C/man5/core.5:49 build/C/man5/core.5:66 build/C/man5/core.5:70 build/C/man5/core.5:74 build/C/man5/core.5:77 build/C/man5/core.5:90 build/C/man5/core.5:93 build/C/man5/core.5:106 build/C/man5/core.5:223 build/C/man5/core.5:227 build/C/man5/core.5:230 build/C/man5/core.5:234 #, no-wrap msgid "*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:321 msgid "First, the device is told to abort the command." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:323 msgid "If that doesn't work, the device is reset." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:325 msgid "If that doesn't work, the SCSI bus is reset." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:327 msgid "If that doesn't work, the host bus adapter is reset." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:345 msgid "" "The B driver is a block driver as well as a SCSI driver and only the " "tape drives and medium changers are presented to the SCSI midlayer. " "Furthermore, unlike more straightforward SCSI drivers, disk I/O continues " "through the block side during the SCSI error-recovery process. Therefore, " "the B driver implements only the first two of these actions, aborting " "the command, and resetting the device. Note also that most tape drives will " "not oblige in aborting commands, and sometimes it appears they will not even " "obey a reset command, though in most circumstances they will. If the " "command cannot be aborted and the device cannot be reset, the device will be " "set offline." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:353 msgid "" "In the event that the error-handling code is triggered and a tape drive is " "successfully reset or the tardy command is successfully aborted, the tape " "drive may still not allow I/O to continue until some command is issued that " "positions the tape to a known position. Typically you must rewind the tape " "(by issuing I for example) before I/O can proceed " "again to a tape drive that was reset." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:353 build/C/man4/console.4:95 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:642 build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:846 build/C/man5/core.5:429 build/C/man4/cpuid.4:89 build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:115 build/C/man4/fd.4:214 build/C/man7/fifo.7:65 build/C/man4/full.4:61 build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:76 build/C/man4/hd.4:105 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:179 build/C/man4/initrd.4:474 build/C/man4/lp.4:135 build/C/man3/makedev.3:80 build/C/man4/mem.4:94 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:197 build/C/man2/mknod.2:284 build/C/man4/mouse.4:184 build/C/man4/msr.4:55 build/C/man4/null.4:64 build/C/man7/pipe.7:243 build/C/man4/ram.4:43 build/C/man4/random.4:308 build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:78 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:598 build/C/man4/st.4:954 build/C/man2/syslog.2:388 build/C/man3/syslog.3:315 build/C/man4/ttyS.4:48 build/C/man7/uri.7:706 build/C/man4/vcs.4:173 build/C/man4/wavelan.4:138 #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:358 msgid "B(8), B(4), B(8), B(8)," msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHORS #. Don Brace, Steve Cameron, Chase Maupin, Mike Miller, Michael Ni, #. Charles White, Francis Wiran #. and probably some other people. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:370 msgid "" "E<.UR http://cciss.sf.net> E<.UE ,> and I " "and I in the Linux " "kernel source tree" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:370 build/C/man4/console.4:112 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:646 build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:873 build/C/man5/core.5:440 build/C/man4/cpuid.4:96 build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:121 build/C/man4/fd.4:222 build/C/man7/fifo.7:74 build/C/man4/full.4:65 build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:78 build/C/man4/hd.4:110 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:197 build/C/man4/initrd.4:484 build/C/man4/lp.4:141 build/C/man3/makedev.3:83 build/C/man4/mem.4:98 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:206 build/C/man2/mknod.2:297 build/C/man4/mouse.4:187 build/C/man4/msr.4:59 build/C/man4/null.4:68 build/C/man7/pipe.7:255 build/C/man4/ram.4:47 build/C/man4/random.4:313 build/C/man4/sd.4:137 build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:82 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:602 build/C/man4/st.4:964 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:338 build/C/man2/syslog.2:391 build/C/man3/syslog.3:320 build/C/man4/ttyS.4:55 build/C/man7/uri.7:715 build/C/man4/vcs.4:178 build/C/man4/wavelan.4:145 #, no-wrap msgid "COLOPHON" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cciss.4:378 build/C/man4/console.4:120 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:654 build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:881 build/C/man5/core.5:448 build/C/man4/cpuid.4:104 build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:129 build/C/man4/fd.4:230 build/C/man7/fifo.7:82 build/C/man4/full.4:73 build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:86 build/C/man4/hd.4:118 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:205 build/C/man4/initrd.4:492 build/C/man4/lp.4:149 build/C/man3/makedev.3:91 build/C/man4/mem.4:106 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:214 build/C/man2/mknod.2:305 build/C/man4/mouse.4:195 build/C/man4/msr.4:67 build/C/man4/null.4:76 build/C/man7/pipe.7:263 build/C/man4/ram.4:55 build/C/man4/random.4:321 build/C/man4/sd.4:145 build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:90 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:610 build/C/man4/st.4:972 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:346 build/C/man2/syslog.2:399 build/C/man3/syslog.3:328 build/C/man4/ttyS.4:63 build/C/man7/uri.7:723 build/C/man4/vcs.4:186 build/C/man4/wavelan.4:153 msgid "" "This page is part of release 3.79 of the Linux I project. A " "description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest " "version of this page, can be found at " "\\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/." msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/console.4:12 #, no-wrap msgid "CONSOLE" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/console.4:12 #, no-wrap msgid "1994-10-31" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console.4:15 msgid "console - console terminal and virtual consoles" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console.4:37 msgid "" "A Linux system has up to 63 I (character devices with " "major number 4 and minor number 1 to 63), usually called I with 1 " "\\(E= I \\(E= 63. The current console is also addressed by " "I or I, the character device with major number 4 " "and minor number 0. The device files I are usually created using " "the script MAKEDEV, or using B(1), usually with mode 0622 and owner " "I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console.4:45 msgid "" "Before kernel version 1.1.54 the number of virtual consoles was compiled " "into the kernel (in I: #define NR_CONSOLES 8) and could be changed " "by editing and recompiling. Since version 1.1.54 virtual consoles are " "created on the fly, as soon as they are needed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console.4:63 msgid "" "Common ways to start a process on a console are: (a) tell B(1) (in " "B(5)) to start a B(8) (or B(8)) on the " "console; (b) ask B(1) to start a process on the console; (c) start " "X\\(emit will find the first unused console, and display its output there. " "(There is also the ancient B(8).)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console.4:76 msgid "" "Common ways to switch consoles are: (a) use Alt+FI or Ctrl+Alt+FI to " "switch to console I; AltGr+FI might bring you to console I+12 [here " "Alt and AltGr refer to the left and right Alt keys, respectively]; (b) use " "Alt+RightArrow or Alt+LeftArrow to cycle through the presently allocated " "consoles; (c) use the program B(1). (The key mapping is user " "settable, see B(1); the above mentioned key combinations are " "according to the default settings.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console.4:83 msgid "" "The command B(1) (formerly B) will free the memory " "taken by the screen buffers for consoles that no longer have any associated " "process." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/console.4:83 #, no-wrap msgid "Properties" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console.4:91 msgid "" "Consoles carry a lot of state. I hope to document that some other time. " "The most important fact is that the consoles simulate vt100 terminals. In " "particular, a console is reset to the initial state by printing the two " "characters ESC c. All escape sequences can be found in B(4)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console.4:93 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console.4:95 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console.4:112 msgid "" "B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), " "B(1), B(4), B(4), B(4), " "B(4), B(7), B(8), B(8), B(8), " "B(8), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:23 #, no-wrap msgid "CONSOLE_CODES" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:26 msgid "console_codes - Linux console escape and control sequences" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:33 msgid "" "The Linux console implements a large subset of the VT102 and ECMA-48/ISO " "6429/ANSI X3.64 terminal controls, plus certain private-mode sequences for " "changing the color palette, character-set mapping, and so on. In the " "tabular descriptions below, the second column gives ECMA-48 or DEC mnemonics " "(the latter if prefixed with DEC) for the given function. Sequences without " "a mnemonic are neither ECMA-48 nor VT102." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:38 msgid "" "After all the normal output processing has been done, and a stream of " "characters arrives at the console driver for actual printing, the first " "thing that happens is a translation from the code used for processing to the " "code used for printing." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:44 msgid "" "If the console is in UTF-8 mode, then the incoming bytes are first assembled " "into 16-bit Unicode codes. Otherwise, each byte is transformed according to " "the current mapping table (which translates it to a Unicode value). See the " "B section below for discussion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:50 msgid "" "In the normal case, the Unicode value is converted to a font index, and this " "is stored in video memory, so that the corresponding glyph (as found in " "video ROM) appears on the screen. Note that the use of Unicode (and the " "design of the PC hardware) allows us to use 512 different glyphs " "simultaneously." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:57 msgid "" "If the current Unicode value is a control character, or we are currently " "processing an escape sequence, the value will treated specially. Instead of " "being turned into a font index and rendered as a glyph, it may trigger " "cursor movement or other control functions. See the B section below for discussion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:69 msgid "" "It is generally not good practice to hard-wire terminal controls into " "programs. Linux supports a B(5) database of terminal " "capabilities. Rather than emitting console escape sequences by hand, you " "will almost always want to use a terminfo-aware screen library or utility " "such as B(3), B(1), or B(1)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:69 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux console controls" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:73 msgid "" "This section describes all the control characters and escape sequences that " "invoke special functions (i.e., anything other than writing a glyph at the " "current cursor location) on the Linux console." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:75 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:86 msgid "" "A character is a control character if (before transformation according to " "the mapping table) it has one of the 14 codes 00 (NUL), 07 (BEL), 08 (BS), " "09 (HT), 0a (LF), 0b (VT), 0c (FF), 0d (CR), 0e (SO), 0f (SI), 18 (CAN), 1a " "(SUB), 1b (ESC), 7f (DEL). One can set a \"display control characters\" " "mode (see below), and allow 07, 09, 0b, 18, 1a, 7f to be displayed as " "glyphs. On the other hand, in UTF-8 mode all codes 00-1f are regarded as " "control characters, regardless of any \"display control characters\" mode." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:95 msgid "" "If we have a control character, it is acted upon immediately and then " "discarded (even in the middle of an escape sequence) and the escape " "sequence continues with the next character. (However, ESC starts a new " "escape sequence, possibly aborting a previous unfinished one, and CAN and " "SUB abort any escape sequence.) The recognized control characters are BEL, " "BS, HT, LF, VT, FF, CR, SO, SI, CAN, SUB, ESC, DEL, CSI. They do what one " "would expect:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:97 msgid "BEL (0x07, B<^G>) beeps;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:100 msgid "" "BS (0x08, B<^H>) backspaces one column (but not past the beginning of the " "line);" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:103 msgid "" "HT (0x09, B<^I>) goes to the next tab stop or to the end of the line if " "there is no earlier tab stop;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:107 msgid "" "LF (0x0A, B<^J>), VT (0x0B, B<^K>) and FF (0x0C, B<^L>) all give a linefeed, " "and if LF/NL (new-line mode) is set also a carriage return;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:109 msgid "CR (0x0D, B<^M>) gives a carriage return;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:111 msgid "SO (0x0E, B<^N>) activates the G1 character set;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:113 msgid "SI (0x0F, B<^O>) activates the G0 character set;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:115 msgid "CAN (0x18, B<^X>) and SUB (0x1A, B<^Z>) interrupt escape sequences;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:117 msgid "ESC (0x1B, B<^[>) starts an escape sequence;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:119 msgid "DEL (0x7F) is ignored;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:121 msgid "CSI (0x9B) is equivalent to ESC [." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:123 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:125 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC c\tRIS\tReset.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:126 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC D\tIND\tLinefeed.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:127 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC E\tNEL\tNewline.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:128 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC H\tHTS\tSet tab stop at current column.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:129 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC M\tRI\tReverse linefeed.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:130 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC Z\tDECID\tT{\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:131 #, no-wrap msgid "DEC private identification. The kernel\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:132 #, no-wrap msgid "returns the string ESC [ ? 6 c, claiming\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:133 #, no-wrap msgid "that it is a VT102.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:134 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:138 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:163 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:243 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:249 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:253 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:260 #, no-wrap msgid "T}\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:135 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC 7\tDECSC\tT{\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:136 #, no-wrap msgid "Save current state (cursor coordinates,\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:137 #, no-wrap msgid "attributes, character sets pointed at by G0, G1).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:139 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC 8\tDECRC\tRestore state most recently saved by ESC 7.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:140 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [\tCSI\tControl sequence introducer\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:141 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC %\t\tStart sequence selecting character set\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:142 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC % @\t\t\\0\\0\\0Select default (ISO 646 / ISO 8859-1)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:143 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC % G\t\t\\0\\0\\0Select UTF-8\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:144 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC % 8\t\t\\0\\0\\0Select UTF-8 (obsolete)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:145 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC # 8\tDECALN\tDEC screen alignment test - fill screen with E's.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:146 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC (\t\tStart sequence defining G0 character set\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:147 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ( B\t\t\\0\\0\\0Select default (ISO 8859-1 mapping)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:148 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ( 0\t\t\\0\\0\\0Select VT100 graphics mapping\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:149 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ( U\t\t\\0\\0\\0Select null mapping - straight to character ROM\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:150 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ( K\t\t\\0\\0\\0Select user mapping - the map that is loaded by\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:151 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\t\\0\\0\\0the utility B(8).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:152 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC )\t\tStart sequence defining G1\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:153 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\t(followed by one of B, 0, U, K, as above).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:154 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC E\tDECPNM\tSet numeric keypad mode\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:155 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC =\tDECPAM\tSet application keypad mode\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:156 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ]\tOSC\tT{\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:157 #, no-wrap msgid "(Should be: Operating system command)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:158 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ] P I: set palette, with parameter\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:159 #, no-wrap msgid "given in 7 hexadecimal digits after the final P :-(.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:160 #, no-wrap msgid "Here I is the color (0-15), and I indicates\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:161 #, no-wrap msgid "the red/green/blue values (0-255).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:162 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ] R: reset palette\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:167 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:173 msgid "" "CSI (or ESC [) is followed by a sequence of parameters, at most NPAR (16), " "that are decimal numbers separated by semicolons. An empty or absent " "parameter is taken to be 0. The sequence of parameters may be preceded by a " "single question mark." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:177 msgid "" "However, after CSI [ (or ESC [ [) a single character is read and this entire " "sequence is ignored. (The idea is to ignore an echoed function key.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:179 msgid "The action of a CSI sequence is determined by its final character." msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:181 #, no-wrap msgid "@\tICH\tInsert the indicated # of blank characters.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:182 #, no-wrap msgid "A\tCUU\tMove cursor up the indicated # of rows.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:183 #, no-wrap msgid "B\tCUD\tMove cursor down the indicated # of rows.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:184 #, no-wrap msgid "C\tCUF\tMove cursor right the indicated # of columns.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:185 #, no-wrap msgid "D\tCUB\tMove cursor left the indicated # of columns.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:186 #, no-wrap msgid "E\tCNL\tMove cursor down the indicated # of rows, to column 1.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:187 #, no-wrap msgid "F\tCPL\tMove cursor up the indicated # of rows, to column 1.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:188 #, no-wrap msgid "G\tCHA\tMove cursor to indicated column in current row.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:189 #, no-wrap msgid "H\tCUP\tMove cursor to the indicated row, column (origin at 1,1).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:190 #, no-wrap msgid "J\tED\tErase display (default: from cursor to end of display).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:191 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tESC [ 1 J: erase from start to cursor.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:192 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tESC [ 2 J: erase whole display.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:193 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tESC [ 3 J: erase whole display including scroll-back\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:194 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\t buffer (since Linux 3.0).\n" msgstr "" #. ESC [ 3 J: commit f8df13e0a901fe55631fed66562369b4dba40f8b #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:196 #, no-wrap msgid "K\tEL\tErase line (default: from cursor to end of line).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:197 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tESC [ 1 K: erase from start of line to cursor.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:198 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tESC [ 2 K: erase whole line.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:199 #, no-wrap msgid "L\tIL\tInsert the indicated # of blank lines.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:200 #, no-wrap msgid "M\tDL\tDelete the indicated # of lines.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:201 #, no-wrap msgid "P\tDCH\tDelete the indicated # of characters on current line.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:202 #, no-wrap msgid "X\tECH\tErase the indicated # of characters on current line.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:203 #, no-wrap msgid "a\tHPR\tMove cursor right the indicated # of columns.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:204 #, no-wrap msgid "c\tDA\tAnswer ESC [ ? 6 c: \"I am a VT102\".\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:205 #, no-wrap msgid "d\tVPA\tMove cursor to the indicated row, current column.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:206 #, no-wrap msgid "e\tVPR\tMove cursor down the indicated # of rows.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:207 #, no-wrap msgid "f\tHVP\tMove cursor to the indicated row, column.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:208 #, no-wrap msgid "g\tTBC\tWithout parameter: clear tab stop at current position.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:209 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tESC [ 3 g: delete all tab stops.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:210 #, no-wrap msgid "h\tSM\tSet Mode (see below).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:211 #, no-wrap msgid "l\tRM\tReset Mode (see below).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:212 #, no-wrap msgid "m\tSGR\tSet attributes (see below).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:213 #, no-wrap msgid "n\tDSR\tStatus report (see below).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:214 #, no-wrap msgid "q\tDECLL\tSet keyboard LEDs.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:215 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tESC [ 0 q: clear all LEDs\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:216 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tESC [ 1 q: set Scroll Lock LED\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:217 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tESC [ 2 q: set Num Lock LED\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:218 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tESC [ 3 q: set Caps Lock LED\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:219 #, no-wrap msgid "r\tDECSTBM\tSet scrolling region; parameters are top and bottom row.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:220 #, no-wrap msgid "s\t?\tSave cursor location.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:221 #, no-wrap msgid "u\t?\tRestore cursor location.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:222 #, no-wrap msgid "\\`\tHPA\tMove cursor to indicated column in current row.\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:226 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:233 msgid "" "The ECMA-48 SGR sequence ESC [ I m sets display attributes. " "Several attributes can be set in the same sequence, separated by " "semicolons. An empty parameter (between semicolons or string initiator or " "terminator) is interpreted as a zero." msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:235 #, no-wrap msgid "param\tresult\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:236 #, no-wrap msgid "0\treset all attributes to their defaults\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:237 #, no-wrap msgid "1\tset bold\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:238 #, no-wrap msgid "2\tset half-bright (simulated with color on a color display)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:239 #, no-wrap msgid "4\tT{\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:240 #, no-wrap msgid "set underscore (simulated with color on a color display)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:241 #, no-wrap msgid "(the colors used to simulate dim or underline are set\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:242 #, no-wrap msgid "using ESC ] ...)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:244 #, no-wrap msgid "5\tset blink\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:245 #, no-wrap msgid "7\tset reverse video\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:246 #, no-wrap msgid "10\tT{\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:247 #, no-wrap msgid "reset selected mapping, display control flag,\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:248 #, no-wrap msgid "and toggle meta flag (ECMA-48 says \"primary font\").\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:250 #, no-wrap msgid "11\tT{\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:251 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:255 #, no-wrap msgid "select null mapping, set display control flag,\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:252 #, no-wrap msgid "reset toggle meta flag (ECMA-48 says \"first alternate font\").\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:254 #, no-wrap msgid "12\tT{\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:256 #, no-wrap msgid "set toggle meta flag (ECMA-48 says \"second alternate font\").\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:257 #, no-wrap msgid "The toggle meta flag\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:258 #, no-wrap msgid "causes the high bit of a byte to be toggled\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:259 #, no-wrap msgid "before the mapping table translation is done.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:261 #, no-wrap msgid "21\tset normal intensity (ECMA-48 says \"doubly underlined\")\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:262 #, no-wrap msgid "22\tset normal intensity\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:263 #, no-wrap msgid "24\tunderline off\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:264 #, no-wrap msgid "25\tblink off\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:265 #, no-wrap msgid "27\treverse video off\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:266 #, no-wrap msgid "30\tset black foreground\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:267 #, no-wrap msgid "31\tset red foreground\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:268 #, no-wrap msgid "32\tset green foreground\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:269 #, no-wrap msgid "33\tset brown foreground\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:270 #, no-wrap msgid "34\tset blue foreground\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:271 #, no-wrap msgid "35\tset magenta foreground\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:272 #, no-wrap msgid "36\tset cyan foreground\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:273 #, no-wrap msgid "37\tset white foreground\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:274 #, no-wrap msgid "38\tset underscore on, set default foreground color\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:275 #, no-wrap msgid "39\tset underscore off, set default foreground color\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:276 #, no-wrap msgid "40\tset black background\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:277 #, no-wrap msgid "41\tset red background\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:278 #, no-wrap msgid "42\tset green background\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:279 #, no-wrap msgid "43\tset brown background\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:280 #, no-wrap msgid "44\tset blue background\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:281 #, no-wrap msgid "45\tset magenta background\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:282 #, no-wrap msgid "46\tset cyan background\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:283 #, no-wrap msgid "47\tset white background\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:284 #, no-wrap msgid "49\tset default background color\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:288 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:288 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 3 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:291 msgid "DECCRM (default off): Display control chars." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:291 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 4 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:294 msgid "DECIM (default off): Set insert mode." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:294 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 20 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:298 msgid "LF/NL (default off): Automatically follow echo of LF, VT or FF with CR." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:301 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:301 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 5 n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:304 msgid "Device status report (DSR): Answer is ESC [ 0 n (Terminal OK)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:304 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 6 n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:309 msgid "" "Cursor position report (CPR): Answer is ESC [ I ; I R, where I is " "the cursor location." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:311 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:317 msgid "" "These are not described in ECMA-48. We list the Set Mode sequences; the " "Reset Mode sequences are obtained by replacing the final \\(aqh\\(aq by " "\\(aql\\(aq." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:317 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ ? 1 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:321 msgid "" "DECCKM (default off): When set, the cursor keys send an ESC O prefix, rather " "than ESC [." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:321 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ ? 3 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:328 msgid "" "DECCOLM (default off = 80 columns): 80/132 col mode switch. The driver " "sources note that this alone does not suffice; some user-mode utility such " "as B(8) has to change the hardware registers on the console " "video card." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:328 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ ? 5 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:331 msgid "DECSCNM (default off): Set reverse-video mode." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:331 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ ? 6 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:335 msgid "" "DECOM (default off): When set, cursor addressing is relative to the upper " "left corner of the scrolling region." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:335 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ ? 7 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:341 msgid "" "DECAWM (default on): Set autowrap on. In this mode, a graphic character " "emitted after column 80 (or column 132 of DECCOLM is on) forces a wrap to " "the beginning of the following line first." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:341 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ ? 8 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:344 msgid "DECARM (default on): Set keyboard autorepeat on." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:344 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ ? 9 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:348 msgid "" "X10 Mouse Reporting (default off): Set reporting mode to 1 (or reset to " "0)\\(emsee below." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:348 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ ? 25 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:351 msgid "DECTECM (default on): Make cursor visible." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:351 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ ? 1000 h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:356 msgid "" "X11 Mouse Reporting (default off): Set reporting mode to 2 (or reset to " "0)\\(emsee below." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:358 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:365 msgid "" "The following sequences are neither ECMA-48 nor native VT102. They are " "native to the Linux console driver. Colors are in SGR parameters: 0 = " "black, 1 = red, 2 = green, 3 = brown, 4 = blue, 5 = magenta, 6 = cyan, 7 = " "white." msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:367 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 1 ; I ]\tSet color I as the underline color\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:368 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 2 ; I ]\tSet color I as the dim color\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:369 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 8 ] \tMake the current color pair the default attributes.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:370 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 9 ; I ]\tSet screen blank timeout to I minutes.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:371 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 10 ; I ]\tSet bell frequency in Hz.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:372 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 11 ; I ]\tSet bell duration in msec.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:373 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 12 ; I ]\tBring specified console to the front.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:374 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 13 ] \tUnblank the screen.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:375 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC [ 14 ; I ] \tSet the VESA powerdown interval in minutes.\n" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:377 #, no-wrap msgid "Character sets" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:382 msgid "" "The kernel knows about 4 translations of bytes into console-screen symbols. " "The four tables are: a) Latin1 -E PC, b) VT100 graphics -E PC, c) PC " "-E PC, d) user-defined." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:388 msgid "" "There are two character sets, called G0 and G1, and one of them is the " "current character set. (Initially G0.) Typing B<^N> causes G1 to become " "current, B<^O> causes G0 to become current." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:396 msgid "" "These variables G0 and G1 point at a translation table, and can be changed " "by the user. Initially they point at tables a) and b), respectively. The " "sequences ESC ( B and ESC ( 0 and ESC ( U and ESC ( K cause G0 to point at " "translation table a), b), c) and d), respectively. The sequences ESC ) B " "and ESC ) 0 and ESC ) U and ESC ) K cause G1 to point at translation table " "a), b), c) and d), respectively." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:406 msgid "" "The sequence ESC c causes a terminal reset, which is what you want if the " "screen is all garbled. The oft-advised \"echo ^V^O\" will make only G0 " "current, but there is no guarantee that G0 points at table a). In some " "distributions there is a program B(1) that just does \"echo ^[c\". " "If your terminfo entry for the console is correct (and has an entry " "rs1=\\eEc), then \"tput reset\" will also work." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:414 msgid "" "The user-defined mapping table can be set using B(8). The result " "of the mapping is that if a symbol c is printed, the symbol s = map[c] is " "sent to the video memory. The bitmap that corresponds to s is found in the " "character ROM, and can be changed using B(8)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:414 #, no-wrap msgid "Mouse tracking" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:426 msgid "" "The mouse tracking facility is intended to return B(1)-compatible " "mouse status reports. Because the console driver has no way to know the " "device or type of the mouse, these reports are returned in the console input " "stream only when the virtual terminal driver receives a mouse update ioctl. " "These ioctls must be generated by a mouse-aware user-mode application such " "as the B(8) daemon." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:432 msgid "" "The mouse tracking escape sequences generated by B(1) encode numeric " "parameters in a single character as I+040. For example, \\(aq!\\(aq " "is 1. The screen coordinate system is 1-based." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:442 msgid "" "The X10 compatibility mode sends an escape sequence on button press encoding " "the location and the mouse button pressed. It is enabled by sending ESC [ ? " "9 h and disabled with ESC [ ? 9 l. On button press, B(1) sends ESC [ " "M I (6 characters). Here I is button-1, and I and I are the x " "and y coordinates of the mouse when the button was pressed. This is the " "same code the kernel also produces." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:457 msgid "" "Normal tracking mode (not implemented in Linux 2.0.24) sends an escape " "sequence on both button press and release. Modifier information is also " "sent. It is enabled by sending ESC [ ? 1000 h and disabled with ESC [ ? " "1000 l. On button press or release, B(1) sends ESC [ M I. The " "low two bits of I encode button information: 0=MB1 pressed, 1=MB2 " "pressed, 2=MB3 pressed, 3=release. The upper bits encode what modifiers " "were down when the button was pressed and are added together: 4=Shift, " "8=Meta, 16=Control. Again I and I are the x and y coordinates of the " "mouse event. The upper left corner is (1,1)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:457 #, no-wrap msgid "Comparisons with other terminals" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:464 msgid "" "Many different terminal types are described, like the Linux console, as " "being \"VT100-compatible\". Here we discuss differences between the Linux " "console and the two most important others, the DEC VT102 and B(1)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:466 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:468 msgid "The VT102 also recognized the following control characters:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:470 msgid "NUL (0x00) was ignored;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:472 msgid "ENQ (0x05) triggered an answerback message;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:474 msgid "DC1 (0x11, B<^Q>, XON) resumed transmission;" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:477 msgid "" "DC3 (0x13, B<^S>, XOFF) caused VT100 to ignore (and stop transmitting) all " "codes except XOFF and XON." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:479 msgid "VT100-like DC1/DC3 processing may be enabled by the terminal driver." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:485 msgid "" "The B(1) program (in VT100 mode) recognizes the control characters " "BEL, BS, HT, LF, VT, FF, CR, SO, SI, ESC." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:487 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:489 msgid "VT100 console sequences not implemented on the Linux console:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:491 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC N\tSS2\tSingle shift 2. (Select G2 character set for the next\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:492 build/C/man4/console_codes.4:494 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tcharacter only.)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:493 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC O\tSS3\tSingle shift 3. (Select G3 character set for the next\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:495 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC P\tDCS\tDevice control string (ended by ESC \\e)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:496 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC X\tSOS\tStart of string.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:497 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ^\tPM\tPrivacy message (ended by ESC \\e)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:498 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC \\e\tST\tString terminator\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:499 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC * ...\t\tDesignate G2 character set\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:500 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC + ...\t\tDesignate G3 character set\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:513 msgid "" "The program B(1) (in VT100 mode) recognizes ESC c, ESC # 8, ESC " "E, ESC =, ESC D, ESC E, ESC H, ESC M, ESC N, ESC O, ESC P ... ESC \\e, " "ESC Z (it answers ESC [ ? 1 ; 2 c, \"I am a VT100 with advanced video " "option\") and ESC ^ ... ESC \\e with the same meanings as indicated above. " "It accepts ESC (, ESC ), ESC *, ESC + followed by 0, A, B for the DEC " "special character and line drawing set, UK, and US-ASCII, respectively." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:517 msgid "" "The user can configure B(1) to respond to VT220-specific control " "sequences, and it will identify itself as a VT52, VT100, and up depending on " "the way it is configured and initialized." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:522 msgid "" "It accepts ESC ] (OSC) for the setting of certain resources. In addition to " "the ECMA-48 string terminator (ST), B(1) accepts a BEL to terminate " "an OSC string. These are a few of the OSC control sequences recognized by " "B(1):" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:524 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ] 0 ; I ST\tSet icon name and window title to I.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:525 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ] 1 ; I ST\tSet icon name to I.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:526 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ] 2 ; I ST\tSet window title to I.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:527 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ] 4 ; I; I ST\tSet ANSI color I to I.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:528 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ] 10 ; I ST\tSet dynamic text color to I.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:529 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ] 4 6 ; I ST\tChange log file to I (normally disabled\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:530 #, no-wrap msgid "\tby a compile-time option)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:531 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ] 5 0 ; I ST\tSet font to I.\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:536 msgid "" "It recognizes the following with slightly modified meaning (saving more " "state, behaving closer to VT100/VT220):" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:538 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC 7 DECSC\tSave cursor\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:539 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC 8 DECRC\tRestore cursor\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:543 msgid "It also recognizes" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:545 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC F\t\tCursor to lower left corner of screen (if enabled by\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:546 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tB(1)'s B resource)\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:547 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC l\t\tMemory lock (per HP terminals).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:548 #, no-wrap msgid "\t\tLocks memory above the cursor.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:549 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC m\t\tMemory unlock (per HP terminals).\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:550 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC n\tLS2\tInvoke the G2 character set.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:551 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC o\tLS3\tInvoke the G3 character set.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:552 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC |\tLS3R\tInvoke the G3 character set as GR.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:553 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC }\tLS2R\tInvoke the G2 character set as GR.\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:554 #, no-wrap msgid "ESC ~\tLS1R\tInvoke the G1 character set as GR.\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:560 msgid "" "It also recognizes ESC % and provides a more complete UTF-8 implementation " "than Linux console." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:562 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:576 msgid "" "Old versions of B(1), for example, from X11R5, interpret the blink " "SGR as a bold SGR. Later versions which implemented ANSI colors, for " "example, XFree86 3.1.2A in 1995, improved this by allowing the blink " "attribute to be displayed as a color. Modern versions of xterm implement " "blink SGR as blinking text and still allow colored text as an alternate " "rendering of SGRs. Stock X11R6 versions did not recognize the color-setting " "SGRs until the X11R6.8 release, which incorporated XFree86 xterm. All " "ECMA-48 CSI sequences recognized by Linux are also recognized by I, " "however B(1) implements several ECMA-48 and DEC control sequences not " "recognized by Linux." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:590 msgid "" "The B(1) program recognizes all of the DEC Private Mode sequences " "listed above, but none of the Linux private-mode sequences. For discussion " "of B(1)'s own private-mode sequences, refer to the I document by Edward Moy, Stephen Gildea, and Thomas E. Dickey " "available with the X distribution. That document, though terse, is much " "longer than this manual page. For a chronological overview," msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:594 msgid "E<.UR http://invisible-island.net\\:/xterm\\:/xterm.log.html> E<.UE>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:597 msgid "details changes to xterm." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:599 msgid "The I program" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:603 msgid "E<.UR http://invisible-island.net\\:/vttest/> E<.UE>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:608 msgid "" "demonstrates many of these control sequences. The B(1) source " "distribution also contains sample scripts which exercise other features." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:608 build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:824 build/C/man5/core.5:316 build/C/man4/cpuid.4:62 build/C/man4/fd.4:197 build/C/man7/fifo.7:54 build/C/man4/initrd.4:429 build/C/man3/makedev.3:71 build/C/man2/mknod.2:253 build/C/man4/msr.4:47 build/C/man4/null.4:61 build/C/man4/st.4:891 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:248 build/C/man2/syslog.2:380 build/C/man3/syslog.3:296 build/C/man7/uri.7:592 #, no-wrap msgid "NOTES" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:611 msgid "ESC 8 (DECRC) is not able to restore the character set changed with ESC %." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:611 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:592 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:284 build/C/man7/uri.7:673 #, no-wrap msgid "BUGS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:614 msgid "In 2.0.23, CSI is broken, and NUL is not ignored inside escape sequences." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:623 msgid "" "Some older kernel versions (after 2.0) interpret 8-bit control sequences. " "These \"C1 controls\" use codes between 128 and 159 to replace ESC [, ESC ] " "and similar two-byte control sequence initiators. There are fragments of " "that in modern kernels (either overlooked or broken by changes to support " "UTF-8), but the implementation is incomplete and should be regarded as " "unreliable." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:638 msgid "" "Linux \"private mode\" sequences do not follow the rules in ECMA-48 for " "private mode control sequences. In particular, those ending with ] do not " "use a standard terminating character. The OSC (set palette) sequence is a " "greater problem, since B(1) may interpret this as a control sequence " "which requires a string terminator (ST). Unlike the B(1) sequences " "which will be ignored (since they are invalid control sequences), the " "palette sequence will make B(1) appear to hang (though pressing the " "return-key will fix that). To accommodate applications which have been " "hardcoded to use Linux control sequences, set the B(1) resource " "B to true." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:642 msgid "" "An older version of this document implied that Linux recognizes the ECMA-48 " "control sequence for invisible text. It is ignored." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_codes.4:646 msgid "B(4), B(4), B(7)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:40 #, no-wrap msgid "CONSOLE_IOCTL" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:40 #, no-wrap msgid "2009-02-28" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:43 msgid "console_ioctl - ioctls for console terminal and virtual consoles" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:49 msgid "" "The following Linux-specific B(2) requests are supported. Each " "requires a third argument, assumed here to be I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:49 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:59 msgid "" "Get state of LEDs. I points to a I. The lower three bits of " "I<*argp> are set to the state of the LEDs, as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:61 #, no-wrap msgid "LED_CAP \t0x04\tcaps lock led\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:62 #, no-wrap msgid "LED_NUM \t0x02\tnum lock led\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:63 #, no-wrap msgid "LED_SCR \t0x01\tscroll lock led\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:65 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:73 msgid "" "Set the LEDs. The LEDs are set to correspond to the lower three bits of " "I. However, if a higher order bit is set, the LEDs revert to normal: " "displaying the state of the keyboard functions of caps lock, num lock, and " "scroll lock." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:80 msgid "" "Before 1.1.54, the LEDs just reflected the state of the corresponding " "keyboard flags, and KDGETLED/KDSETLED would also change the keyboard flags. " "Since 1.1.54 the LEDs can be made to display arbitrary information, but by " "default they display the keyboard flags. The following two ioctls are used " "to access the keyboard flags." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:80 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:89 msgid "" "Get keyboard flags CapsLock, NumLock, ScrollLock (not lights). I " "points to a char which is set to the flag state. The low order three bits " "(mask 0x7) get the current flag state, and the low order bits of the next " "nibble (mask 0x70) get the default flag state. (Since 1.1.54.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:89 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:98 msgid "" "Set keyboard flags CapsLock, NumLock, ScrollLock (not lights). I has " "the desired flag state. The low order three bits (mask 0x7) have the flag " "state, and the low order bits of the next nibble (mask 0x70) have the " "default flag state. (Since 1.1.54.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:98 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:102 msgid "Get keyboard type. This returns the value KB_101, defined as 0x02." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:102 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:107 msgid "Add I/O port as valid. Equivalent to I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:107 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:112 msgid "Delete I/O port as valid. Equivalent to I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:112 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:117 msgid "" "Enable I/O to video board. Equivalent to I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:117 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:122 msgid "" "Disable I/O to video board. Equivalent to I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:122 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:127 msgid "Set text/graphics mode. I is one of these:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:130 #, no-wrap msgid "KD_TEXT\t0x00\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:131 #, no-wrap msgid "KD_GRAPHICS\t0x01\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:133 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:141 msgid "" "Get text/graphics mode. I points to a I which is set to one of " "the above values." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:141 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:155 msgid "" "Generate tone of specified length. The lower 16 bits of I specify the " "period in clock cycles, and the upper 16 bits give the duration in msec. If " "the duration is zero, the sound is turned off. Control returns " "immediately. For example, I = (125EE16) + 0x637 would specify " "the beep normally associated with a ctrl-G. (Thus since 0.99pl1; broken in " "2.1.49-50.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:155 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:167 msgid "" "Start or stop sound generation. The lower 16 bits of I specify the " "period in clock cycles (that is, I = 1193180/frequency). I = 0 " "turns sound off. In either case, control returns immediately." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:167 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:174 msgid "" "Get the current default color map from kernel. I points to a 48-byte " "array. (Since 1.3.3.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:174 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:187 msgid "" "Change the default text-mode color map. I points to a 48-byte array " "which contains, in order, the Red, Green, and Blue values for the 16 " "available screen colors: 0 is off, and 255 is full intensity. The default " "colors are, in order: black, dark red, dark green, brown, dark blue, dark " "purple, dark cyan, light grey, dark grey, bright red, bright green, yellow, " "bright blue, bright purple, bright cyan and white. (Since 1.3.3.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:187 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:197 msgid "" "Gets 256-character screen font in expanded form. I points to an 8192 " "byte array. Fails with error code B if the currently loaded font is " "a 512-character font, or if the console is not in text mode." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:197 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:225 msgid "" "Gets screen font and associated information. I points to a I (see B). On call, the I field should " "be set to the maximum number of characters that would fit in the buffer " "pointed to by I. On return, the I and I " "are filled with the respective data for the currently loaded font, and the " "I array contains the font data if the initial value of " "I indicated enough space was available; otherwise the buffer is " "untouched and I is set to B. (Since 1.3.1.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:225 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:240 msgid "" "Sets 256-character screen font. Load font into the EGA/VGA character " "generator. I points to a 8192 byte map, with 32 bytes per character. " "Only the first I of them are used for an 8xI font (0 E I E= " "32). This call also invalidates the Unicode mapping." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:240 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:245 msgid "Sets screen font and associated rendering information. I points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:256 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct consolefontdesc {\n" " unsigned short charcount; /* characters in font\n" " (256 or 512) */\n" " unsigned short charheight; /* scan lines per\n" " character (1-32) */\n" " char *chardata; /* font data in\n" " expanded form */\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:264 msgid "" "If necessary, the screen will be appropriately resized, and B sent " "to the appropriate processes. This call also invalidates the Unicode " "mapping. (Since 1.3.1.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:264 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:272 msgid "" "Resets the screen font, size and Unicode mapping to the bootup defaults. " "I is unused, but should be set to NULL to ensure compatibility with " "future versions of Linux. (Since 1.3.28.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:272 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:281 msgid "" "Get screen mapping from kernel. I points to an area of size E_TABSZ, " "which is loaded with the font positions used to display each character. " "This call is likely to return useless information if the currently loaded " "font is more than 256 characters." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:281 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:293 msgid "" "Get full Unicode screen mapping from kernel. I points to an area of " "size I, which is loaded with the Unicodes " "each character represent. A special set of Unicodes, starting at U+F000, " "are used to represent \"direct to font\" mappings. (Since 1.3.1.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:293 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:300 msgid "" "Loads the \"user definable\" (fourth) table in the kernel which maps bytes " "into console screen symbols. I points to an area of size E_TABSZ." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:300 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:308 msgid "" "Loads the \"user definable\" (fourth) table in the kernel which maps bytes " "into Unicodes, which are then translated into screen symbols according to " "the currently loaded Unicode-to-font map. Special Unicodes starting at " "U+F000 can be used to map directly to the font symbols. (Since 1.3.1.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:308 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:313 msgid "Get Unicode-to-font mapping from kernel. I points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:320 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct unimapdesc {\n" " unsigned short entry_ct;\n" " struct unipair *entries;\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:326 msgid "where I points to an array of" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:333 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct unipair {\n" " unsigned short unicode;\n" " unsigned short fontpos;\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:337 build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:361 msgid "(Since 1.1.92.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:337 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:344 msgid "" "Put unicode-to-font mapping in kernel. I points to a I. (Since 1.1.92)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:344 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:349 msgid "Clear table, possibly advise hash algorithm. I points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:357 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct unimapinit {\n" " unsigned short advised_hashsize; /* 0 if no opinion */\n" " unsigned short advised_hashstep; /* 0 if no opinion */\n" " unsigned short advised_hashlevel; /* 0 if no opinion */\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:361 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:369 msgid "" "Gets current keyboard mode. I points to a I which is set to one " "of these:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:372 #, no-wrap msgid "K_RAW\t0x00\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:373 #, no-wrap msgid "K_XLATE\t0x01\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:374 #, no-wrap msgid "K_MEDIUMRAW\t0x02\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:375 #, no-wrap msgid "K_UNICODE\t0x03\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:377 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:384 msgid "" "Sets current keyboard mode. I is a I equal to one of the above " "values." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:384 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:392 msgid "" "Gets meta key handling mode. I points to a I which is set to " "one of these:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:395 #, no-wrap msgid "K_METABIT\t0x03\tset high order bit\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:396 #, no-wrap msgid "K_ESCPREFIX\t0x04\tescape prefix\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:398 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:405 msgid "" "Sets meta key handling mode. I is a I equal to one of the above " "values." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:405 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:410 msgid "" "Gets one entry in key translation table (keycode to action code). I " "points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:418 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct kbentry {\n" " unsigned char kb_table;\n" " unsigned char kb_index;\n" " unsigned short kb_value;\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:437 msgid "" "with the first two members filled in: I selects the key table (0 " "E= I E MAX_NR_KEYMAPS), and I is the keycode (0 " "E= I E NR_KEYS). I is set to the corresponding " "action code, or K_HOLE if there is no such key, or K_NOSUCHMAP if " "I is invalid." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:437 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:443 msgid "Sets one entry in translation table. I points to a I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:443 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:448 msgid "Gets one function key string. I points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:455 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct kbsentry {\n" " unsigned char kb_func;\n" " unsigned char kb_string[512];\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:463 msgid "" "I is set to the (null-terminated) string corresponding to the " "Ith function key action code." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:463 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:469 msgid "Sets one function key string entry. I points to a I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:469 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:474 msgid "Read kernel accent table. I points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:481 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct kbdiacrs {\n" " unsigned int kb_cnt;\n" " struct kbdiacr kbdiacr[256];\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:488 msgid "where I is the number of entries in the array, each of which is a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:496 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct kbdiacr {\n" " unsigned char diacr;\n" " unsigned char base;\n" " unsigned char result;\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:498 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:503 msgid "Read kernel keycode table entry (scan code to keycode). I points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:510 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct kbkeycode {\n" " unsigned int scancode;\n" " unsigned int keycode;\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:524 msgid "" "I is set to correspond to the given I. (89 E= " "I E= 255 only. For 1 E= I E= 88, " "I==I.) (Since 1.1.63.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:524 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:531 msgid "" "Write kernel keycode table entry. I points to a I. " "(Since 1.1.63.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:531 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:543 msgid "" "The calling process indicates its willingness to accept the signal I " "when it is generated by pressing an appropriate key combination. (1 E= " "I E= NSIG). (See I() in " "I.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:543 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:553 msgid "" "Returns the first available (non-opened) console. I points to an " "I which is set to the number of the vt (1 E= I<*argp> E= " "MAX_NR_CONSOLES)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:553 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:558 msgid "Get mode of active vt. I points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:568 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct vt_mode {\n" " char mode; /* vt mode */\n" " char waitv; /* if set, hang on writes if not active */\n" " short relsig; /* signal to raise on release req */\n" " short acqsig; /* signal to raise on acquisition */\n" " short frsig; /* unused (set to 0) */\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:574 msgid "" "which is set to the mode of the active vt. I is set to one of these " "values:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:577 #, no-wrap msgid "VT_AUTO\tauto vt switching\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:578 #, no-wrap msgid "VT_PROCESS\tprocess controls switching\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:579 #, no-wrap msgid "VT_ACKACQ\tacknowledge switch\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:581 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:587 msgid "Set mode of active vt. I points to a I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:587 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:592 msgid "Get global vt state info. I points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:600 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct vt_stat {\n" " unsigned short v_active; /* active vt */\n" " unsigned short v_signal; /* signal to send */\n" " unsigned short v_state; /* vt bit mask */\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:607 msgid "" "For each vt in use, the corresponding bit in the I member is set. " "(Kernels 1.0 through 1.1.92.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:607 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:610 msgid "Release a display." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:610 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:617 msgid "Switch to vt I (1 E= I E= MAX_NR_CONSOLES)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:617 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:622 msgid "Wait until vt I has been activated." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:622 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:627 msgid "Deallocate the memory associated with vt I. (Since 1.1.54.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:627 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:632 msgid "Set the kernel's idea of screensize. I points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:640 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct vt_sizes {\n" " unsigned short v_rows; /* # rows */\n" " unsigned short v_cols; /* # columns */\n" " unsigned short v_scrollsize; /* no longer used */\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:647 msgid "" "Note that this does not change the videomode. See B(8). (Since " "1.1.54.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:647 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:652 msgid "Set the kernel's idea of various screen parameters. I points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:667 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct vt_consize {\n" " unsigned short v_rows; /* number of rows */\n" " unsigned short v_cols; /* number of columns */\n" " unsigned short v_vlin; /* number of pixel rows\n" " on screen */\n" " unsigned short v_clin; /* number of pixel rows\n" " per character */\n" " unsigned short v_vcol; /* number of pixel columns\n" " on screen */\n" " unsigned short v_ccol; /* number of pixel columns\n" " per character */\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:676 msgid "" "Any parameter may be set to zero, indicating \"no change\", but if multiple " "parameters are set, they must be self-consistent. Note that this does not " "change the videomode. See B(8). (Since 1.3.3.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:683 msgid "" "The action of the following ioctls depends on the first byte in the struct " "pointed to by I, referred to here as the I. These are legal " "only for the superuser or the owner of the current terminal." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:683 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:691 msgid "" "Dump the screen. Disappeared in 1.1.92. (With kernel 1.1.92 or later, read " "from I or I instead.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:691 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:695 msgid "Get task information. Disappeared in 1.1.92." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:695 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:700 msgid "Set selection. I points to a" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:708 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct {\n" " char subcode;\n" " short xs, ys, xe, ye;\n" " short sel_mode;\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:728 msgid "" "I and I are the starting column and row. I and I are the " "ending column and row. (Upper left corner is row=column=1.) I is " "0 for character-by-character selection, 1 for word-by-word selection, or 2 " "for line-by-line selection. The indicated screen characters are highlighted " "and saved in the static array sel_buffer in I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:728 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:734 msgid "" "Paste selection. The characters in the selection buffer are written to " "I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:734 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:737 msgid "Unblank the screen." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:737 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:742 msgid "" "Sets contents of a 256-bit look up table defining characters in a \"word\", " "for word-by-word selection. (Since 1.1.32.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:742 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:749 msgid "" "I points to a char which is set to the value of the kernel variable " "I. (Since 1.1.32.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:749 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:756 msgid "" "I points to a char which is set to the value of the kernel variable " "I. (Since 1.1.33.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:756 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:764 msgid "" "Dump screen width and height, cursor position, and all the " "character-attribute pairs. (Kernels 1.1.67 through 1.1.91 only. With " "kernel 1.1.92 or later, read from I instead.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:764 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:772 msgid "" "Restore screen width and height, cursor position, and all the " "character-attribute pairs. (Kernels 1.1.67 through 1.1.91 only. With " "kernel 1.1.92 or later, write to I instead.)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:772 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:780 msgid "" "Handles the Power Saving feature of the new generation of monitors. VESA " "screen blanking mode is set to I, which governs what screen " "blanking does:" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:781 #, no-wrap msgid "0:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:783 msgid "Screen blanking is disabled." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:783 #, no-wrap msgid "1:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:790 msgid "" "The current video adapter register settings are saved, then the controller " "is programmed to turn off the vertical synchronization pulses. This puts " "the monitor into \"standby\" mode. If your monitor has an Off_Mode timer, " "then it will eventually power down by itself." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:790 #, no-wrap msgid "2:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:800 msgid "" "The current settings are saved, then both the vertical and horizontal " "synchronization pulses are turned off. This puts the monitor into \"off\" " "mode. If your monitor has no Off_Mode timer, or if you want your monitor to " "power down immediately when the blank_timer times out, then you choose this " "option. (I Powering down frequently will damage the monitor.) " "(Since 1.1.76.)" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:801 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:120 build/C/man2/mknod.2:149 build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:69 build/C/man4/st.4:827 build/C/man2/syslog.2:321 #, no-wrap msgid "RETURN VALUE" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:806 msgid "On success, 0 is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I is set." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:806 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:128 build/C/man2/mknod.2:156 build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:71 build/C/man2/syslog.2:337 #, no-wrap msgid "ERRORS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:809 msgid "I may take on these values:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:809 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:168 build/C/man2/mknod.2:230 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:812 msgid "The file descriptor is invalid." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:812 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:816 msgid "" "The file descriptor is not associated with a character special device, or " "the specified request does not apply to it." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:816 build/C/man2/mknod.2:179 build/C/man4/st.4:842 build/C/man2/syslog.2:338 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:821 msgid "The file descriptor or I is invalid." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:821 build/C/man2/mknod.2:209 build/C/man2/syslog.2:362 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:824 msgid "Insufficient permission." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:835 msgid "" "B: Do not regard this man page as documentation of the Linux " "console ioctls. This is provided for the curious only, as an alternative to " "reading the source. Ioctl's are undocumented Linux internals, liable to be " "changed without warning. (And indeed, this page more or less describes the " "situation as of kernel version 1.1.94; there are many minor and not-so-minor " "differences with earlier versions.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:840 msgid "" "Very often, ioctls are introduced for communication between the kernel and " "one particular well-known program (fdisk, hdparm, setserial, tunelp, " "loadkeys, selection, setfont, etc.), and their behavior will be changed when " "required by this particular program." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:844 msgid "" "Programs using these ioctls will not be portable to other versions of UNIX, " "will not work on older versions of Linux, and will not work on future " "versions of Linux." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:846 msgid "Use POSIX functions." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:870 msgid "" "B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), " "B(1), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(3), " "B(4), B(4), B(4), B(4), B(4), " "B(4), B(4), B(4), B(4), B(7), " "B(8), B(8), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/console_ioctl.4:873 msgid "I, I" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man5/core.5:25 #, no-wrap msgid "CORE" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man5/core.5:25 #, no-wrap msgid "2014-08-19" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:28 msgid "core - core dump file" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:39 msgid "" "The default action of certain signals is to cause a process to terminate and " "produce a I, a disk file containing an image of the " "process's memory at the time of termination. This image can be used in a " "debugger (e.g., B(1)) to inspect the state of the program at the time " "that it terminated. A list of the signals which cause a process to dump " "core can be found in B(7)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:46 msgid "" "A process can set its soft B resource limit to place an upper " "limit on the size of the core dump file that will be produced if it receives " "a \"core dump\" signal; see B(2) for details." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:49 msgid "There are various circumstances in which a core dump file is not produced:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:66 msgid "" "The process does not have permission to write the core file. (By default, " "the core file is called I or I, where I is the ID of " "the process that dumped core, and is created in the current working " "directory. See below for details on naming.) Writing the core file will " "fail if the directory in which it is to be created is nonwritable, or if a " "file with the same name exists and is not writable or is not a regular file " "(e.g., it is a directory or a symbolic link)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:70 msgid "" "A (writable, regular) file with the same name as would be used for the core " "dump already exists, but there is more than one hard link to that file." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:74 msgid "" "The filesystem where the core dump file would be created is full; or has run " "out of inodes; or is mounted read-only; or the user has reached their quota " "for the filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:77 msgid "The directory in which the core dump file is to be created does not exist." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:90 msgid "" "The B (core file size) or B (file size) resource " "limits for the process are set to zero; see B(2) and the " "documentation of the shell's I command (I in B(1))." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:93 msgid "" "The binary being executed by the process does not have read permission " "enabled." msgstr "" #. FIXME . Perhaps relocate discussion of /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable #. and PR_SET_DUMPABLE to this page? #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:106 msgid "" "The process is executing a set-user-ID (set-group-ID) program that is owned " "by a user (group) other than the real user (group) ID of the process. " "(However, see the description of the B(2) B " "operation, and the description of the I file in " "B(5).)" msgstr "" #. commit 046d662f481830e652ac34cd112249adde16452a #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:112 msgid "" "(Since Linux 3.7) The kernel was configured without the B " "option." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:118 msgid "" "In addition, a core dump may exclude part of the address space of the " "process if the B(2) B flag was employed." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man5/core.5:118 #, no-wrap msgid "Naming of core dump files" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:127 msgid "" "By default, a core dump file is named I, but the " "I file (since Linux 2.6 and 2.4.21) can be " "set to define a template that is used to name core dump files. The template " "can contain % specifiers which are substituted by the following values when " "a core file is created:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:130 #, no-wrap msgid "%%" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:133 msgid "a single % character" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:133 #, no-wrap msgid "%c" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:136 msgid "core file size soft resource limit of crashing process (since Linux 2.6.24)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:136 #, no-wrap msgid "%d" msgstr "" #. Added in git commit 12a2b4b2241e318b4f6df31228e4272d2c2968a1 #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:143 msgid "" "dump mode\\(emsame as value returned by B(2) B " "(since Linux 3.7)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:143 #, no-wrap msgid "%e" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:146 msgid "executable filename (without path prefix)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:146 #, no-wrap msgid "%E" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:151 msgid "" "pathname of executable, with slashes (\\(aq/\\(aq) replaced by exclamation " "marks (\\(aq!\\(aq) (since Linux 3.0)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:151 #, no-wrap msgid "%g" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:154 msgid "(numeric) real GID of dumped process" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:154 #, no-wrap msgid "%h" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:157 msgid "hostname (same as I returned by B(2))" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:157 #, no-wrap msgid "%p" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:161 msgid "" "PID of dumped process, as seen in the PID namespace in which the process " "resides" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:161 #, no-wrap msgid "%P" msgstr "" #. Added in git commit 65aafb1e7484b7434a0c1d4c593191ebe5776a2f #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:166 msgid "" "PID of dumped process, as seen in the initial PID namespace (since Linux " "3.12)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:166 #, no-wrap msgid "%s" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:169 msgid "number of signal causing dump" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:169 #, no-wrap msgid "%t" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:173 msgid "" "time of dump, expressed as seconds since the Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 " "+0000 (UTC)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:173 #, no-wrap msgid "%u" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:176 msgid "(numeric) real UID of dumped process" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:195 msgid "" "A single % at the end of the template is dropped from the core filename, as " "is the combination of a % followed by any character other than those listed " "above. All other characters in the template become a literal part of the " "core filename. The template may include \\(aq/\\(aq characters, which are " "interpreted as delimiters for directory names. The maximum size of the " "resulting core filename is 128 bytes (64 bytes in kernels before 2.6.19). " "The default value in this file is \"core\". For backward compatibility, if " "I does not include \"%p\" and " "I (see below) is nonzero, then .PID will be " "appended to the core filename." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:206 msgid "" "Since version 2.4, Linux has also provided a more primitive method of " "controlling the name of the core dump file. If the " "I file contains the value 0, then a core " "dump file is simply named I. If this file contains a nonzero value, " "then the core dump file includes the process ID in a name of the form " "I." msgstr "" #. 9520628e8ceb69fa9a4aee6b57f22675d9e1b709 #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:213 msgid "" "Since Linux 3.6, if I is set to 2 " "(\"suidsafe\"), the pattern must be either an absolute pathname (starting " "with a leading \\(aq/\\(aq character) or a pipe, as defined below." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man5/core.5:213 #, no-wrap msgid "Piping core dumps to a program" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:223 msgid "" "Since kernel 2.6.19, Linux supports an alternate syntax for the " "I file. If the first character of this file " "is a pipe symbol (B<|>), then the remainder of the line is interpreted as a " "program to be executed. Instead of being written to a disk file, the core " "dump is given as standard input to the program. Note the following points:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:227 msgid "" "The program must be specified using an absolute pathname (or a pathname " "relative to the root directory, I), and must immediately follow the '|' " "character." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:230 msgid "The process created to run the program runs as user and group I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:234 msgid "" "Command-line arguments can be supplied to the program (since Linux 2.6.24), " "delimited by white space (up to a total line length of 128 bytes)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:240 msgid "" "The command-line arguments can include any of the % specifiers listed " "above. For example, to pass the PID of the process that is being dumped, " "specify I<%p> in an argument." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man5/core.5:240 #, no-wrap msgid "Controlling which mappings are written to the core dump" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:246 msgid "" "Since kernel 2.6.23, the Linux-specific I file " "can be used to control which memory segments are written to the core dump " "file in the event that a core dump is performed for the process with the " "corresponding process ID." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:252 msgid "" "The value in the file is a bit mask of memory mapping types (see " "B(2)). If a bit is set in the mask, then memory mappings of the " "corresponding type are dumped; otherwise they are not dumped. The bits in " "this file have the following meanings:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:255 #, no-wrap msgid "bit 0" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:258 msgid "Dump anonymous private mappings." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:258 #, no-wrap msgid "bit 1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:261 msgid "Dump anonymous shared mappings." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:261 #, no-wrap msgid "bit 2" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:264 msgid "Dump file-backed private mappings." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:264 #, no-wrap msgid "bit 3" msgstr "" #. file-backed shared mappings of course also update the underlying #. mapped file. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:269 msgid "Dump file-backed shared mappings." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:269 #, no-wrap msgid "bit 4 (since Linux 2.6.24)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:272 msgid "Dump ELF headers." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:272 #, no-wrap msgid "bit 5 (since Linux 2.6.28)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:275 msgid "Dump private huge pages." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man5/core.5:275 #, no-wrap msgid "bit 6 (since Linux 2.6.28)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:278 msgid "Dump shared huge pages." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:286 msgid "" "By default, the following bits are set: 0, 1, 4 (if the " "B kernel configuration option is " "enabled), and 5. The value of this file is displayed in hexadecimal. (The " "default value is thus displayed as 33.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:291 msgid "" "Memory-mapped I/O pages such as frame buffer are never dumped, and virtual " "DSO pages are always dumped, regardless of the I value." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:301 msgid "" "A child process created via B(2) inherits its parent's " "I value; the I value is preserved across " "an B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:305 msgid "" "It can be useful to set I in the parent shell before " "running a program, for example:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:310 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$B< echo 0x7 E /proc/self/coredump_filter>\n" "$B< ./some_program>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:316 msgid "" "This file is provided only if the kernel was built with the " "B configuration option." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:321 msgid "" "The B(1) I command can be used to obtain a core dump of a " "running process." msgstr "" #. Changed with commit 6409324b385f3f63a03645b4422e3be67348d922 #. Always including the PID in the name of the core file made #. sense for LinuxThreads, where each thread had a unique PID, #. but doesn't seem to serve any purpose with NPTL, where all the #. threads in a process share the same PID (as POSIX.1 requires). #. Probably the behavior is maintained so that applications using #. LinuxThreads continue appending the PID (the kernel has no easy #. way of telling which threading implementation the user-space #. application is using). -- mtk, April 2006 #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:344 msgid "" "In Linux versions up to and including 2.6.27, if a multithreaded process " "(or, more precisely, a process that shares its memory with another process " "by being created with the B flag of B(2)) dumps core, then " "the process ID is always appended to the core filename, unless the process " "ID was already included elsewhere in the filename via a %p specification in " "I. (This is primarily useful when employing " "the obsolete LinuxThreads implementation, where each thread of a process has " "a different PID.)" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man5/core.5:344 build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:51 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:300 build/C/man4/vcs.4:101 #, no-wrap msgid "EXAMPLE" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:352 msgid "" "The program below can be used to demonstrate the use of the pipe syntax in " "the I file. The following shell session " "demonstrates the use of this program (compiled to create an executable named " "I):" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:373 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$B< cc -o core_pattern_pipe_test core_pattern_pipe_test.c>\n" "$B< su>\n" "Password:\n" "#B< echo \"|$PWD/core_pattern_pipe_test %p UID=%u GID=%g sig=%s\" E " "\\e>\n" "B\n" "#B< exit>\n" "$B< sleep 100>\n" "B<^\\e> # type control-backslash\n" "Quit (core dumped)\n" "$B< cat core.info>\n" "argc=5\n" "argc[0]=E/home/mtk/core_pattern_pipe_testE\n" "argc[1]=E20575E\n" "argc[2]=EUID=1000E\n" "argc[3]=EGID=100E\n" "argc[4]=Esig=3E\n" "Total bytes in core dump: 282624\n" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man5/core.5:375 build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:61 #, no-wrap msgid "Program source" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:379 #, no-wrap msgid "/* core_pattern_pipe_test.c */\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:387 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n" "#include Esys/stat.hE\n" "#include Efcntl.hE\n" "#include Elimits.hE\n" "#include Estdio.hE\n" "#include Estdlib.hE\n" "#include Eunistd.hE\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:389 #, no-wrap msgid "#define BUF_SIZE 1024\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:398 #, no-wrap msgid "" "int\n" "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n" "{\n" " int tot, j;\n" " ssize_t nread;\n" " char buf[BUF_SIZE];\n" " FILE *fp;\n" " char cwd[PATH_MAX];\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:401 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /* Change our current working directory to that of the\n" " crashing process */\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:404 #, no-wrap msgid "" " snprintf(cwd, PATH_MAX, \"/proc/%s/cwd\", argv[1]);\n" " chdir(cwd);\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:406 #, no-wrap msgid " /* Write output to file \"core.info\" in that directory */\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:410 #, no-wrap msgid "" " fp = fopen(\"core.info\", \"w+\");\n" " if (fp == NULL)\n" " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:413 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /* Display command-line arguments given to core_pattern\n" " pipe program */\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:417 #, no-wrap msgid "" " fprintf(fp, \"argc=%d\\en\", argc);\n" " for (j = 0; j E argc; j++)\n" " fprintf(fp, \"argc[%d]=E%sE\\en\", j, argv[j]);\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:419 #, no-wrap msgid " /* Count bytes in standard input (the core dump) */\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:424 #, no-wrap msgid "" " tot = 0;\n" " while ((nread = read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, BUF_SIZE)) E 0)\n" " tot += nread;\n" " fprintf(fp, \"Total bytes in core dump: %d\\en\", tot);\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:428 #, no-wrap msgid "" " fclose(fp);\n" " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n" "}\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man5/core.5:440 msgid "" "B(1), B(1), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(5), B(5), B(7), B(7)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "CPUID" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:26 build/C/man4/msr.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "2009-03-31" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:29 msgid "cpuid - x86 CPUID access device" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:31 msgid "CPUID provides an interface for querying information about the x86 CPU." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:38 msgid "" "This device is accessed by B(2) or B(2) to the appropriate " "CPUID level and reading in chunks of 16 bytes. A larger read size means " "multiple reads of consecutive levels." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:47 msgid "" "The lower 32 bits of the file position is used as the incoming I<%eax>, and " "the upper 32 bits of the file position as the incoming I<%ecx>, the latter " "intended for \"counting\" I levels like I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:57 msgid "" "This driver uses I, where I is the minor " "number, and on an SMP box will direct the access to CPU I as listed " "in I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:62 msgid "" "This file is protected so that it can be read only by the user I, or " "members of the group I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:67 msgid "" "The CPUID instruction can be directly executed by a program using inline " "assembler. However this device allows convenient access to all CPUs without " "changing process affinity." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:76 msgid "" "Most of the information in I is reported by the kernel in cooked form " "either in I or through subdirectories in " "I. Direct CPUID access through this device should " "only be used in exceptional cases." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:82 msgid "" "The I driver is not auto-loaded. On modular kernels you might need " "to use the following command to load it explicitly before use:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:84 #, no-wrap msgid " $ I\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:87 msgid "" "There is no support for CPUID functions that require additional input " "registers." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:89 msgid "Very old x86 CPUs don't support CPUID." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:93 msgid "" "Intel Corporation, Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's " "Manual Volume 2A: Instruction Set Reference, A-M, 3-180 CPUID reference." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/cpuid.4:96 msgid "" "Intel Corporation, Intel Processor Identification and the CPUID Instruction, " "Application note 485." msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:27 #, no-wrap msgid "DSP56K" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:30 msgid "dsp56k - DSP56001 interface device" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:33 #, no-wrap msgid "#include Easm/dsp56k.hE\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:36 #, no-wrap msgid "" "BIB<, void *>IB<, size_t >IB<);>\n" "BIB<, void *>IB<, size_t >IB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:42 #, no-wrap msgid "" "BIB<, DSP56K_UPLOAD, struct dsp56k_upload " "*>IB<);>\n" "BIB<, DSP56K_SET_TX_WSIZE, int >IB<);>\n" "BIB<, DSP56K_SET_RX_WSIZE, int >IB<);>\n" "BIB<, DSP56K_HOST_FLAGS, struct dsp56k_host_flags " "*>IB<);>\n" "BIB<, DSP56K_HOST_CMD, int >IB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:43 build/C/man4/fd.4:31 build/C/man4/full.4:29 build/C/man4/initrd.4:38 build/C/man4/lp.4:32 build/C/man4/mouse.4:29 build/C/man4/sd.4:34 #, no-wrap msgid "CONFIGURATION" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:46 msgid "" "The dsp56k device is a character device with major number 55 and minor " "number 0." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:52 msgid "" "The Motorola DSP56001 is a fully programmable 24-bit digital signal " "processor found in Atari Falcon030-compatible computers. The I " "special file is used to control the DSP56001, and to send and receive data " "using the bidirectional handshaked host port." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:62 msgid "" "To send a data stream to the signal processor, use B(2) to the " "device, and B(2) to receive processed data. The data can be sent or " "received in 8, 16, 24, or 32-bit quantities on the host side, but will " "always be seen as 24-bit quantities in the DSP56001." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:67 msgid "The following B(2) calls are used to control the I device:" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:67 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:74 msgid "" "resets the DSP56001 and uploads a program. The third B(2) argument " "must be a pointer to a I with members I pointing " "to a DSP56001 binary program, and I set to the length of the program, " "counted in 24-bit words." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:74 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:82 msgid "" "sets the transmit word size. Allowed values are in the range 1 to 4, and is " "the number of bytes that will be sent at a time to the DSP56001. These data " "quantities will either be padded with zero bytes, or truncated to fit the " "native 24-bit data format of the DSP56001." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:82 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:89 msgid "" "sets the receive word size. Allowed values are in the range 1 to 4, and is " "the number of bytes that will be received at a time from the DSP56001. " "These data quantities will either truncated, or padded with a null byte " "(\\(aq\\e0\\(aq) to fit the native 24-bit data format of the DSP56001." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:89 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:96 msgid "" "read and write the host flags. The host flags are four general-purpose bits " "that can be read by both the hosting computer and the DSP56001. Bits 0 and " "1 can be written by the host, and bits 2 and 3 can be written by the " "DSP56001." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:106 msgid "" "To access the host flags, the third B(2) argument must be a pointer " "to a I. If bit 0 or 1 is set in the I " "member, the corresponding bit in I will be written to the host flags. " "The state of all host flags will be returned in the lower four bits of the " "I member." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:106 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:110 msgid "" "sends a host command. Allowed values are in the range 0 to 31, and is a " "user-defined command handled by the program running in the DSP56001." msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHORS #. Fredrik Noring , lars brinkhoff , #. Tomas Berndtsson . #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:115 msgid "/dev/dsp56k" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/dsp56k.4:121 msgid "" "I, I, E<.UR " "http://dsp56k.nocrew.org/> E<.UE ,> DSP56000/DSP56001 Digital Signal " "Processor User's Manual" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/fd.4:28 #, no-wrap msgid "FD" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/fd.4:28 #, no-wrap msgid "2014-05-10" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:31 msgid "fd - floppy disk device" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:48 msgid "" "Floppy drives are block devices with major number 2. Typically they are " "owned by I (i.e., user root, group floppy) and have either mode " "0660 (access checking via group membership) or mode 0666 (everybody has " "access). The minor numbers encode the device type, drive number, and " "controller number. For each device type (that is, combination of density " "and track count) there is a base minor number. To this base number, add " "the drive's number on its controller and 128 if the drive is on the " "secondary controller. In the following device tables, I represents the " "drive number." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:55 msgid "" "B Trying once if more tracks than the " "usual 40/80 are supported should not damage it, but no warranty is given for " "that. If you are not sure, don't create device entries for those formats, " "so as to prevent their usage." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:58 msgid "" "Drive-independent device files which automatically detect the media format " "and capacity:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:60 #, no-wrap msgid "Name\tBase minor #\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:61 build/C/man4/fd.4:69 build/C/man4/fd.4:77 build/C/man4/fd.4:94 build/C/man4/fd.4:106 build/C/man4/fd.4:125 #, no-wrap msgid "_\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:62 #, no-wrap msgid "BI\t0\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:66 msgid "5.25 inch double-density device files:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:68 build/C/man4/fd.4:76 build/C/man4/fd.4:93 build/C/man4/fd.4:105 build/C/man4/fd.4:124 #, no-wrap msgid "Name\tCapac.\tCyl.\tSect.\tHeads\tBase minor #\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:70 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t360K\t40\t9\t2\t4\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:74 msgid "5.25 inch high-density device files:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:78 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t360K\t40\t9\t2\t20\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:79 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t410K\t41\t10\t2\t48\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:80 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t420K\t42\t10\t2\t64\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:81 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t720K\t80\t9\t2\t24\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:82 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t880K\t80\t11\t2\t80\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:83 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1200K\t80\t15\t2\t8\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:84 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1440K\t80\t18\t2\t40\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:85 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1476K\t82\t18\t2\t56\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:86 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1494K\t83\t18\t2\t72\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:87 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1600K\t80\t20\t2\t92\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:91 msgid "3.5 inch double-density device files:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:95 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t360K\t80\t9\t1\t12\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:96 build/C/man4/fd.4:108 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t720K\t80\t9\t2\t16\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:97 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t800K\t80\t10\t2\t120\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:98 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1040K\t80\t13\t2\t84\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:99 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1120K\t80\t14\t2\t88\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:103 msgid "3.5 inch high-density device files:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:107 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t360K\t40\t9\t2\t12\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:109 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t820K\t82\t10\t2\t52\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:110 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t830K\t83\t10\t2\t68\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:111 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1440K\t80\t18\t2\t28\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:112 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1600K\t80\t20\t2\t124\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:113 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1680K\t80\t21\t2\t44\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:114 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1722K\t82\t21\t2\t60\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:115 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1743K\t83\t21\t2\t76\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:116 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1760K\t80\t22\t2\t96\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:117 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1840K\t80\t23\t2\t116\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:118 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t1920K\t80\t24\t2\t100\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:122 msgid "3.5 inch extra-density device files:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:126 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t2880K\t80\t36\t2\t32\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:127 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t2880K\t80\t36\t2\t36\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:128 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t3200K\t80\t40\t2\t104\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:129 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t3520K\t80\t44\t2\t108\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/fd.4:130 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB\t3840K\t80\t48\t2\t112\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:137 msgid "" "B special files access the floppy disk drives in raw mode. The " "following B(2) calls are supported by B devices:" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:137 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:139 msgid "clears the media information of a drive (geometry of disk in drive)." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:139 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:143 msgid "" "sets the media information of a drive. The media information will be lost " "when the media is changed." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:143 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:149 msgid "" "sets the media information of a drive (geometry of disk in drive). The " "media information will not be lost when the media is changed. This will " "disable autodetection. In order to reenable autodetection, you have to " "issue an B." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:149 build/C/man4/fd.4:161 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:154 msgid "" "returns the type of a drive (name parameter). For formats which work in " "several drive types, B returns a name which is appropriate for " "the oldest drive type which supports this format." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:154 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:156 msgid "invalidates the buffer cache for the given drive." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:156 build/C/man4/fd.4:159 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:159 msgid "" "sets the error thresholds for reporting errors, aborting the operation, " "recalibrating, resetting, and reading sector by sector." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:161 msgid "gets the current error thresholds." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:163 msgid "gets the internal name of the drive." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:163 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:165 msgid "clears the write error statistics." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:165 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:172 msgid "" "reads the write error statistics. These include the total number of write " "errors, the location and disk of the first write error, and the location and " "disk of the last write error. Disks are identified by a generation number " "which is incremented at (almost) each disk change." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:172 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:176 msgid "" "Switch the drive motor off for a few microseconds. This might be needed in " "order to access a disk whose sectors are too close together." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:176 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:178 msgid "sets various drive parameters." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:178 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:180 msgid "reads these parameters back." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:180 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:182 msgid "gets the cached drive state (disk changed, write protected et al.)" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:182 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:184 msgid "polls the drive and return its state." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:184 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:186 msgid "gets the floppy controller state." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:186 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:188 msgid "resets the floppy controller under certain conditions." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/fd.4:188 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:190 msgid "sends a raw command to the floppy controller." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:195 msgid "" "For more precise information, consult also the Ilinux/fd.hE> and " "Ilinux/fdreg.hE> include files, as well as the B(1) " "manual page." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:197 msgid "/dev/fd*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:203 msgid "" "The various formats permit reading and writing many types of disks. " "However, if a floppy is formatted with an inter-sector gap that is too " "small, performance may drop, to the point of needing a few seconds to access " "an entire track. To prevent this, use interleaved formats." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:207 msgid "" "It is not possible to read floppies which are formatted using GCR (group " "code recording), which is used by Apple II and Macintosh computers (800k " "disks)." msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHORS #. Alain Knaff (Alain.Knaff@imag.fr), David Niemi #. (niemidc@clark.net), Bill Broadhurst (bbroad@netcom.com). #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:214 msgid "" "Reading floppies which are hard sectored (one hole per sector, with the " "index hole being a little skewed) is not supported. This used to be common " "with older 8-inch floppies." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/fd.4:222 msgid "" "B(1), B(1), B(1), B(1), " "B(1), B(8), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man7/fifo.7:13 #, no-wrap msgid "FIFO" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man7/fifo.7:13 #, no-wrap msgid "2008-12-03" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/fifo.7:16 msgid "fifo - first-in first-out special file, named pipe" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/fifo.7:28 msgid "" "A FIFO special file (a named pipe) is similar to a pipe, except that it is " "accessed as part of the filesystem. It can be opened by multiple processes " "for reading or writing. When processes are exchanging data via the FIFO, " "the kernel passes all data internally without writing it to the filesystem. " "Thus, the FIFO special file has no contents on the filesystem; the " "filesystem entry merely serves as a reference point so that processes can " "access the pipe using a name in the filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/fifo.7:35 msgid "" "The kernel maintains exactly one pipe object for each FIFO special file that " "is opened by at least one process. The FIFO must be opened on both ends " "(reading and writing) before data can be passed. Normally, opening the " "FIFO blocks until the other end is opened also." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/fifo.7:44 msgid "" "A process can open a FIFO in nonblocking mode. In this case, opening for " "read-only will succeed even if no-one has opened on the write side yet, " "opening for write-only will fail with B (no such device or address) " "unless the other end has already been opened." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/fifo.7:54 msgid "" "Under Linux, opening a FIFO for read and write will succeed both in blocking " "and nonblocking mode. POSIX leaves this behavior undefined. This can be " "used to open a FIFO for writing while there are no readers available. A " "process that uses both ends of the connection in order to communicate with " "itself should be very careful to avoid deadlocks." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/fifo.7:59 msgid "" "When a process tries to write to a FIFO that is not opened for read on the " "other side, the process is sent a B signal." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/fifo.7:65 msgid "" "FIFO special files can be created by B(3), and are indicated by I with the file type \\(aqp\\(aq." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/fifo.7:74 msgid "" "B(1), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(3), B(7)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/full.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "FULL" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/full.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "2007-11-24" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/full.4:29 msgid "full - always full device" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/full.4:34 msgid "" "If your system does not have I created already, it can be created " "with the following commands:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/full.4:38 #, no-wrap msgid "" " mknod -m 666 /dev/full c 1 7\n" " chown root:root /dev/full\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/full.4:44 msgid "File I has major device number 1 and minor device number 7." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/full.4:51 msgid "" "Writes to the I device will fail with an B error. This " "can be used to test how a program handles disk-full errors." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/full.4:55 msgid "Reads from the I device will return \\e0 characters." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/full.4:59 msgid "Seeks on I will always succeed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/full.4:61 msgid "/dev/full" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/full.4:65 msgid "B(1), B(4), B(4)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:26 #, no-wrap msgid "GNU_GET_LIBC_VERSION" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:26 #, no-wrap msgid "2012-08-26" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:29 msgid "gnu_get_libc_version, gnu_get_libc_release - get glibc version and release" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:32 #, no-wrap msgid "B<#include Egnu/libc-version.hE>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:35 #, no-wrap msgid "" "B\n" "B\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:40 msgid "" "The function B() returns a string that identifies the " "glibc version available on the system." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:47 msgid "" "The function B() returns a string indicates the " "release status of the glibc version available on the system. This will be a " "string such as I." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:47 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:178 build/C/man2/mknod.2:240 build/C/man4/vcs.4:99 #, no-wrap msgid "VERSIONS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:49 msgid "These functions first appeared in glibc in version 2.1." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:49 build/C/man3/makedev.3:62 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:191 build/C/man2/mknod.2:244 build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:75 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:238 build/C/man2/syslog.2:377 build/C/man3/syslog.3:252 build/C/man7/uri.7:584 #, no-wrap msgid "CONFORMING TO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:51 msgid "These functions are glibc-specific." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:53 msgid "When run, the program below will produce output such as the following:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:59 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$B< ./a.out>\n" "GNU libc version: 2.8\n" "GNU libc release: stable\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:67 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#include Egnu/libc-version.hE\n" "#include Estdlib.hE\n" "#include Estdio.hE\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:75 #, no-wrap msgid "" "int\n" "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n" "{\n" " printf(\"GNU libc version: %s\\en\", gnu_get_libc_version());\n" " printf(\"GNU libc release: %s\\en\", gnu_get_libc_release());\n" " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n" "}\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/gnu_get_libc_version.3:78 msgid "B(3)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/hd.4:29 #, no-wrap msgid "HD" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/hd.4:29 #, no-wrap msgid "1992-12-17" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:32 msgid "hd - MFM/IDE hard disk devices" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:47 msgid "" "The B devices are block devices to access MFM/IDE hard disk drives in " "raw mode. The master drive on the primary IDE controller (major device " "number 3) is B; the slave drive is B. The master drive of the " "second controller (major device number 22) is B and the slave is " "B." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:71 msgid "" "General IDE block device names have the form BI, or BI, where " "I is a letter denoting the physical drive, and I

is a number denoting " "the partition on that physical drive. The first form, BI, is used to " "address the whole drive. Partition numbers are assigned in the order the " "partitions are discovered, and only nonempty, nonextended partitions get a " "number. However, partition numbers 1-4 are given to the four partitions " "described in the MBR (the \"primary\" partitions), regardless of whether " "they are unused or extended. Thus, the first logical partition will be " "BIB<5>\\&. Both DOS-type partitioning and BSD-disklabel partitioning " "are supported. You can have at most 63 partitions on an IDE disk." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:77 msgid "" "For example, I refers to all of the first IDE drive in the system; " "and I refers to the third DOS \"primary\" partition on the second " "one." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:79 build/C/man4/ttyS.4:34 msgid "They are typically created by:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:82 msgid "mknod -m 660 /dev/hda b 3 0" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:84 msgid "mknod -m 660 /dev/hda1 b 3 1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:86 msgid "mknod -m 660 /dev/hda2 b 3 2" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:88 build/C/man4/hd.4:98 msgid "\\&..." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:90 msgid "mknod -m 660 /dev/hda8 b 3 8" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:92 msgid "mknod -m 660 /dev/hdb b 3 64" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:94 msgid "mknod -m 660 /dev/hdb1 b 3 65" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:96 msgid "mknod -m 660 /dev/hdb2 b 3 66" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:100 msgid "mknod -m 660 /dev/hdb8 b 3 72" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:102 msgid "chown root:disk /dev/hd*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:105 msgid "/dev/hd*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hd.4:110 msgid "B(1), B(1), B(4), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:10 #, no-wrap msgid "HPSA" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:13 msgid "hpsa - HP Smart Array SCSI driver" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:16 #, no-wrap msgid "modprobe hpsa [ hpsa_allow_any=1 ]\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:20 msgid "B is a SCSI driver for HP Smart Array RAID controllers." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:39 msgid "" "I: This option allows the driver to attempt to operate on " "any HP Smart Array hardware RAID controller, even if it is not explicitly " "known to the driver. This allows newer hardware to work with older " "drivers. Typically this is used to allow installation of operating systems " "from media that predates the RAID controller, though it may also be used to " "enable B to drive older controllers that would normally be handled by " "the B(4) driver. These older boards have not been tested and are " "not supported with B, and B(4) should still be used for these." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:43 msgid "The B driver supports the following Smart Array boards:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:54 #, no-wrap msgid "" " Smart Array P700M\n" " Smart Array P212\n" " Smart Array P410\n" " Smart Array P410i\n" " Smart Array P411\n" " Smart Array P812\n" " Smart Array P712m\n" " Smart Array P711m\n" " StorageWorks P1210m\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:78 msgid "" "Logical drives are accessed via the SCSI disk driver (B(4)), tape drives " "via the SCSI tape driver (B(4)), and the RAID controller via the SCSI " "generic driver (B(4)), with device nodes named I, I, " "and I, respectively." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:78 #, no-wrap msgid "HPSA-specific host attribute files in /sys" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:79 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:93 msgid "" "This is a write-only attribute. Writing to this attribute will cause the " "driver to scan for new, changed, or removed devices (e.g,. hot-plugged tape " "drives, or newly configured or deleted logical drives, etc.) and notify the " "SCSI midlayer of any changes detected. Normally a rescan is triggered " "automatically by HP's Array Configuration Utility (either the GUI or the " "command-line variety); thus, for logical drive changes, the user should not " "normally have to use this attribute. This attribute may be useful when hot " "plugging devices like tape drives, or entire storage boxes containing " "preconfigured logical drives." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:93 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:96 msgid "This attribute contains the firmware version of the Smart Array." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:98 msgid "For example:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:103 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # B\n" " # B\n" " 7.14\n" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:104 #, no-wrap msgid "HPSA-specific disk attribute files in /sys" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:105 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:108 msgid "This attribute contains a 32 hex-digit unique ID for each logical drive." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:111 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:122 build/C/man4/hpsa.4:136 #, no-wrap msgid "For example:\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:115 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # B\n" " # B\n" " 600508B1001044395355323037570F77\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:116 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:119 msgid "This attribute contains the RAID level of each logical drive." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:126 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # B\n" " # B\n" " RAID 0\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:127 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:133 msgid "" "This attribute contains the 16 hex-digit (8 byte) LUN ID by which a logical " "drive or physical device can be addressed. I:I:I:I are the " "controller, bus, target, and lun of the device." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:140 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # B\n" " # B\n" " 0x0000004000000000\n" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:141 #, no-wrap msgid "Supported ioctl() operations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:153 msgid "" "For compatibility with applications written for the B(4) driver, " "many, but not all of the ioctls supported by the B(4) driver are " "also supported by the B driver. The data structures used by these " "ioctls are described in the Linux kernel source file " "I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:153 #, no-wrap msgid "B, B, B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:159 msgid "" "These three ioctls all do exactly the same thing, which is to cause the " "driver to rescan for new devices. This does exactly the same thing as " "writing to the hpsa-specific host \"rescan\" attribute." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:159 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:162 msgid "" "Returns PCI domain, bus, device and function and \"board ID\" (PCI subsystem " "ID)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:162 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:165 msgid "Returns driver version in three bytes encoded as:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:168 #, no-wrap msgid "" " (major_version EE 16) | (minor_version EE 8) |\n" " (subminor_version)\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:168 #, no-wrap msgid "B, B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:179 msgid "" "Allows \"BMIC\" and \"CISS\" commands to be passed through to the Smart " "Array. These are used extensively by the HP Array Configuration Utility, " "SNMP storage agents, and so on. See I at E<.UR " "http://cciss.sf.net> E<.UE> for some examples." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:186 msgid "" "B(4), B(4), B(4), B(8), B(8), " "B(8)," msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHORS #. Don Brace, Steve Cameron, Tom Lawler, Mike Miller, Scott Teel #. and probably some other people. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/hpsa.4:197 msgid "" "E<.UR http://cciss.sf.net> E<.UE ,> and I and " "I in the Linux kernel " "source tree" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:35 #, no-wrap msgid "INITRD" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:35 build/C/man4/st.4:25 #, no-wrap msgid "2010-09-04" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:38 msgid "initrd - boot loader initialized RAM disk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:51 msgid "" "The I is a read-only block device assigned major number 1 and " "minor number 250. Typically I is owned by I with " "mode 0400 (read access by root only). If the Linux system does not have " "I already created, it can be created with the following " "commands:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:56 #, no-wrap msgid "" "B<\n" " mknod -m 400 /dev/initrd b 1 250\n" " chown root:disk /dev/initrd>\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:71 msgid "" "Also, support for both \"RAM disk\" and \"Initial RAM disk\" (e.g., " "B and B) must be compiled " "directly into the Linux kernel to use I. When using " "I, the RAM disk driver cannot be loaded as a module." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:80 msgid "" "The special file I is a read-only block device. This device is " "a RAM disk that is initialized (e.g., loaded) by the boot loader before the " "kernel is started. The kernel then can use I's contents for a " "two-phase system boot-up." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:93 msgid "" "In the first boot-up phase, the kernel starts up and mounts an initial root " "filesystem from the contents of I (e.g., RAM disk initialized " "by the boot loader). In the second phase, additional drivers or other " "modules are loaded from the initial root device's contents. After loading " "the additional modules, a new root filesystem (i.e., the normal root " "filesystem) is mounted from a different device." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:93 #, no-wrap msgid "Boot-up operation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:97 msgid "When booting up with B, the system boots as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:101 msgid "" "The boot loader loads the kernel program and I's contents into " "memory." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:109 msgid "" "On kernel startup, the kernel uncompresses and copies the contents of the " "device I onto device I and then frees the memory " "used by I." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:109 build/C/man4/initrd.4:339 build/C/man4/initrd.4:458 build/C/man4/st.4:919 #, no-wrap msgid "3." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:113 msgid "" "The kernel then read-write mounts the device I as the initial " "root filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:113 build/C/man4/initrd.4:343 build/C/man4/st.4:926 #, no-wrap msgid "4." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:118 msgid "" "If the indicated normal root filesystem is also the initial root filesystem " "(e.g., I) then the kernel skips to the last step for the usual " "boot sequence." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:118 build/C/man4/initrd.4:349 build/C/man4/st.4:931 #, no-wrap msgid "5." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:130 msgid "" "If the executable file I is present in the initial root " "filesystem, I is executed with UID 0. (The file I must " "have executable permission. The file I can be any valid " "executable, including a shell script.)" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:130 build/C/man4/initrd.4:358 #, no-wrap msgid "6." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:142 msgid "" "If I is not executed or when I terminates, the normal " "root filesystem is mounted. (If I exits with any filesystems " "mounted on the initial root filesystem, then the behavior of the kernel is " "B. See the NOTES section for the current kernel behavior.)" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:142 build/C/man4/initrd.4:360 #, no-wrap msgid "7." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:173 msgid "" "If the normal root filesystem has a directory I, the device " "I is moved from I to I. Otherwise, if the directory " "I does not exist, the device I is unmounted. (When " "moved from I to I, I is not unmounted and therefore " "processes can remain running from I. If directory I " "does not exist on the normal root filesystem and any processes remain " "running from I when I exits, the behavior of the kernel " "is B. See the NOTES section for the current kernel behavior.)" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:173 build/C/man4/initrd.4:363 #, no-wrap msgid "8." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:180 msgid "" "The usual boot sequence (e.g., invocation of I) is performed on " "the normal root filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:184 msgid "" "The following boot loader options, when used with B, affect the " "kernel's boot-up operation:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:184 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:199 msgid "" "Specifies the file to load as the contents of I. For " "B this is a command-line option. For B you have to use this " "command in the B configuration file I. The filename " "specified with this option will typically be a gzipped filesystem image." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:199 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:214 msgid "" "This boot option disables the two-phase boot-up operation. The kernel " "performs the usual boot sequence as if I was not initialized. " "With this option, any contents of I loaded into memory by the " "boot loader contents are preserved. This option permits the contents of " "I to be any data and need not be limited to a filesystem " "image. However, device I is read-only and can be read only one " "time after system startup." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:214 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:232 msgid "" "Specifies the device to be used as the normal root filesystem. For " "B this is a command-line option. For B this is a boot time " "option or can be used as an option line in the B configuration file " "I. The device specified by the this option must be a " "mountable device having a suitable root filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:232 #, no-wrap msgid "Changing the normal root filesystem" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:252 msgid "" "By default, the kernel's settings (e.g., set in the kernel file with " "B(8) or compiled into the kernel file), or the boot loader option " "setting is used for the normal root filesystems. For an NFS-mounted normal " "root filesystem, one has to use the B and B " "boot options to give the NFS settings. For more information on NFS-mounted " "root see the kernel documentation file " "B. For more information on setting " "the root filesystem see also the B and B documentation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:284 msgid "" "It is also possible for the I executable to change the normal root " "device. For I to change the normal root device, I must be " "mounted. After mounting I, I changes the normal root " "device by writing into the proc files I, " "I, and I. " "For a physical root device, the root device is changed by having I " "write the new root filesystem device number into " "I. For an NFS root filesystem, the root " "device is changed by having I write the NFS setting into files " "I and I and " "then writing 0xff (e.g., the pseudo-NFS-device number) into file " "I. For example, the following shell command " "line would change the normal root device to I:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:287 #, no-wrap msgid " echo 0x365 E/proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:294 msgid "" "For an NFS example, the following shell command lines would change the " "normal root device to the NFS directory I on a local networked " "NFS server with IP number 193.8.232.7 for a system with IP number " "193.8.232.2 and named \"idefix\":" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:300 #, no-wrap msgid "" " echo /var/nfsroot E/proc/sys/kernel/nfs-root-name\n" " echo 193.8.232.2:193.8.232.7::255.255.255.0:idefix \\e\n" " E/proc/sys/kernel/nfs-root-addrs\n" " echo 255 E/proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev\n" msgstr "" #. FIXME . Should this manual page describe the pivot_root mechanism? #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:317 msgid "" "B: The use of I to change the root " "filesystem is obsolete. See the Linux kernel source file " "I as well as B(2) and " "B(8) for information on the modern method of changing the root " "filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:317 build/C/man4/random.4:91 build/C/man7/uri.7:109 #, no-wrap msgid "Usage" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:321 msgid "" "The main motivation for implementing B was to allow for modular " "kernel configuration at system installation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:323 msgid "A possible system installation scenario is as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:331 msgid "" "The loader program boots from floppy or other media with a minimal kernel " "(e.g., support for I, I, and the ext2 filesystem) and " "loads I with a gzipped version of the initial filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:339 msgid "" "The executable I determines what is needed to (1) mount the normal " "root filesystem (i.e., device type, device drivers, filesystem) and (2) the " "distribution media (e.g., CD-ROM, network, tape, ...). This can be done by " "asking the user, by auto-probing, or by using a hybrid approach." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:343 msgid "" "The executable I loads the necessary modules from the initial root " "filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:349 msgid "" "The executable I creates and populates the root filesystem. (At " "this stage the normal root filesystem does not have to be a completed system " "yet.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:358 msgid "" "The executable I sets I, unmount " "I, the normal root filesystem and any other filesystems it has " "mounted, and then terminates." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:360 msgid "The kernel then mounts the normal root filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:363 msgid "" "Now that the filesystem is accessible and intact, the boot loader can be " "installed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:372 msgid "" "The boot loader is configured to load into I a filesystem with " "the set of modules that was used to bring up the system. (e.g., Device " "I can be modified, then unmounted, and finally, the image is " "written from I to a file.)" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:372 #, no-wrap msgid "9." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:375 msgid "" "The system is now bootable and additional installation tasks can be " "performed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:381 msgid "" "The key role of I in the above is to reuse the configuration " "data during normal system operation without requiring initial kernel " "selection, a large generic kernel or, recompiling the kernel." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:394 msgid "" "A second scenario is for installations where Linux runs on systems with " "different hardware configurations in a single administrative network. In " "such cases, it may be desirable to use only a small set of kernels (ideally " "only one) and to keep the system-specific part of configuration information " "as small as possible. In this case, create a common file with all needed " "modules. Then, only the I file or a file executed by I " "would be different." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:401 msgid "" "A third scenario is more convenient recovery disks. Because information " "like the location of the root filesystem partition is not needed at boot " "time, the system loaded from I can use a dialog and/or " "auto-detection followed by a possible sanity check." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:418 msgid "" "Last but not least, Linux distributions on CD-ROM may use B for easy " "installation from the CD-ROM. The distribution can use B to " "directly load I from CD-ROM without the need of any floppies. " "The distribution could also use a B boot floppy and then bootstrap a " "bigger RAM disk via I from the CD-ROM." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:420 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:422 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:424 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:429 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:441 msgid "" "With the current kernel, any filesystems that remain mounted when " "I is moved from I to I continue to be accessible. " "However, the I entries are not updated." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:458 msgid "" "With the current kernel, if directory I does not exist, then " "I will B be fully unmounted if I is used by any " "process or has any filesystem mounted on it. If I is B " "fully unmounted, then I will remain in memory." msgstr "" # # # #. .SH AUTHORS #. The kernel code for device #. .BR initrd #. was written by Werner Almesberger and #. Hans Lermen . #. The code for #. .BR initrd #. was added to the baseline Linux kernel in development version 1.3.73. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:474 msgid "" "Users of I should not depend on the behavior give in the above " "notes. The behavior may change in future versions of the Linux kernel." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:480 msgid "B(1), B(1), B(4), B(8), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/initrd.4:484 msgid "" "I in the Linux kernel source tree, the LILO " "documentation, the LOADLIN documentation, the SYSLINUX documentation" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/lp.4:27 #, no-wrap msgid "LP" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/lp.4:27 #, no-wrap msgid "1995-01-15" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:30 msgid "lp - line printer devices" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:32 msgid "B<#include Elinux/lp.hE>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:43 msgid "" "B[0\\(en2] are character devices for the parallel line printers; they " "have major number 6 and minor number 0\\(en2. The minor numbers correspond " "to the printer port base addresses 0x03bc, 0x0378 and 0x0278. Usually they " "have mode 220 and are owned by root and group lp. You can use printer ports " "either with polling or with interrupts. Interrupts are recommended when " "high traffic is expected, for example, for laser printers. For usual dot " "matrix printers polling will usually be enough. The default is polling." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:47 msgid "The following B(2) calls are supported:" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/lp.4:47 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, LPTIME, int >IB<)>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:56 msgid "" "Sets the amount of time that the driver sleeps before rechecking the printer " "when the printer's buffer appears to be filled to I. If you have a " "fast printer, decrease this number; if you have a slow printer, then " "increase it. This is in hundredths of a second, the default 2 being 0.02 " "seconds. It only influences the polling driver." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/lp.4:56 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, LPCHAR, int >IB<)>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:64 msgid "" "Sets the maximum number of busy-wait iterations which the polling driver " "does while waiting for the printer to get ready for receiving a character to " "I. If printing is too slow, increase this number; if the system gets " "too slow, decrease this number. The default is 1000. It only influences " "the polling driver." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/lp.4:64 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, LPABORT, int >IB<)>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:70 msgid "" "If I is 0, the printer driver will retry on errors, otherwise it will " "abort. The default is 0." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/lp.4:70 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, LPABORTOPEN, int >IB<)>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:77 msgid "" "If I is 0, B(2) will be aborted on error, otherwise error will " "be ignored. The default is to ignore it." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/lp.4:77 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, LPCAREFUL, int >IB<)>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:83 msgid "" "If I is 0, then the out-of-paper, offline and error signals are " "required to be false on all writes, otherwise they are ignored. The default " "is to ignore them." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/lp.4:83 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, LPWAIT, int >IB<)>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:94 msgid "" "Sets the number of busy waiting iterations to wait before strobing the " "printer to accept a just-written character, and the number of iterations to " "wait before turning the strobe off again, to I. The specification says " "this time should be 0.5 microseconds, but experience has shown the delay " "caused by the code is already enough. For that reason, the default value is " "0. This is used for both the polling and the interrupt driver." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/lp.4:94 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, LPSETIRQ, int >IB<)>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:105 msgid "" "This B(2) requires superuser privileges. It takes an I " "containing the new IRQ as argument. As a side effect, the printer will be " "reset. When I is 0, the polling driver will be used, which is also " "default." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/lp.4:105 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, LPGETIRQ, int *>IB<)>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:108 msgid "Stores the currently used IRQ in I." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/lp.4:108 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, LPGETSTATUS, int *>IB<)>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:112 msgid "" "Stores the value of the status port in I. The bits have the following " "meaning:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/lp.4:114 #, no-wrap msgid "LP_PBUSY\tinverted busy input, active high\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/lp.4:115 #, no-wrap msgid "LP_PACK\tunchanged acknowledge input, active low\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/lp.4:116 #, no-wrap msgid "LP_POUTPA\tunchanged out-of-paper input, active high\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/lp.4:117 #, no-wrap msgid "LP_PSELECD\tunchanged selected input, active high\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/lp.4:118 #, no-wrap msgid "LP_PERRORP\tunchanged error input, active low\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:123 msgid "" "Refer to your printer manual for the meaning of the signals. Note that " "undocumented bits may also be set, depending on your printer." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/lp.4:123 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, LPRESET)>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:126 msgid "Resets the printer. No argument is used." msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHORS #. The printer driver was originally written by Jim Weigand and Linus #. Torvalds. #. It was further improved by Michael K.\& Johnson. #. The interrupt code was written by Nigel Gamble. #. Alan Cox modularized it. #. LPCAREFUL, LPABORT, LPGETSTATUS were added by Chris Metcalf. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:135 msgid "/dev/lp*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/lp.4:141 msgid "B(1), B(1), B(1), B(8), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:26 #, no-wrap msgid "MAKEDEV" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:26 #, no-wrap msgid "2014-05-28" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:29 msgid "makedev, major, minor - manage a device number" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:33 #, no-wrap msgid "" "B<#define _BSD_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n" "B<#include Esys/types.hE>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:35 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, unsigned int >IB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:38 #, no-wrap msgid "" "BIB<);>\n" "BIB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:45 msgid "" "A device ID consists of two parts: a major ID, identifying the class of the " "device, and a minor ID, identifying a specific instance of a device in that " "class. A device ID is represented using the type I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:52 msgid "" "Given major and minor device IDs, B() combines these to produce a " "device ID, returned as the function result. This device ID can be given to " "B(2), for example." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:62 msgid "" "The B() and B() functions perform the converse task: given a " "device ID, they return, respectively, the major and minor components. These " "macros can be useful to, for example, decompose the device IDs in the " "structure returned by B(2)." msgstr "" #. The BSDs, HP-UX, Solaris, AIX, Irix #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:71 msgid "" "The B(), B(), and B() functions are not specified in " "POSIX.1, but are present on many other systems." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:80 msgid "" "These interfaces are defined as macros. Since glibc 2.3.3, they have been " "aliases for three GNU-specific functions: B(), " "B(), and B(). The latter names are exported, " "but the traditional names are more portable." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/makedev.3:83 msgid "B(2), B(2)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/mem.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "MEM" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/mem.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "2015-01-02" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:29 msgid "mem, kmem, port - system memory, kernel memory and system ports" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:34 msgid "" "B is a character device file that is an image of the main memory of the " "computer. It may be used, for example, to examine (and even patch) the " "system." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:39 msgid "" "Byte addresses in B are interpreted as physical memory addresses. " "References to nonexistent locations cause errors to be returned." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:42 msgid "" "Examining and patching is likely to lead to unexpected results when " "read-only or write-only bits are present." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:49 msgid "" "Since 2.6.26, and depending on the architecture, the B " "kernel configuration option limits the areas which can be accessed through " "this file. For example: on x86, RAM access is not allowed but accessing " "memory-mapped PCI regions is." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:51 build/C/man4/mem.4:69 build/C/man4/mem.4:82 build/C/man4/ram.4:35 msgid "It is typically created by:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:54 msgid "mknod -m 660 /dev/mem c 1 1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:56 msgid "chown root:kmem /dev/mem" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:67 msgid "" "The file B is the same as B, except that the kernel virtual " "memory rather than physical memory is accessed. Since 2.6.26, this file is " "available only if the B kernel configuration option is " "enabled." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:72 msgid "mknod -m 640 /dev/kmem c 1 2" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:74 msgid "chown root:kmem /dev/kmem" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:80 msgid "B is similar to B, but the I/O ports are accessed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:85 msgid "mknod -m 660 /dev/port c 1 4" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:87 msgid "chown root:kmem /dev/port" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:90 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:92 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:94 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mem.4:98 msgid "B(1), B(1), B(2)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:28 #, no-wrap msgid "MKFIFO" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:28 #, no-wrap msgid "2014-03-24" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:28 #, no-wrap msgid "GNU" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:31 msgid "mkfifo, mkfifoat - make a FIFO special file (a named pipe)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:35 #, no-wrap msgid "" "B<#include Esys/types.hE>\n" "B<#include Esys/stat.hE>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:37 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, mode_t >IB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:40 build/C/man2/mknod.2:29 #, no-wrap msgid "" "B<#include Efcntl.hE >/* Definition of AT_* constants */\n" "B<#include Esys/stat.hE>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:42 #, no-wrap msgid "" "BIB<, const char *>IB<, mode_t " ">IB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:47 build/C/man2/mknod.2:37 build/C/man3/syslog.3:55 msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B(7)):" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:50 msgid "B():" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:53 #, no-wrap msgid "Since glibc 2.10:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:56 msgid "_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E=\\ 700 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E=\\ 200809L" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:56 #, no-wrap msgid "Before glibc 2.10:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:59 msgid "_ATFILE_SOURCE" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:69 msgid "" "B() makes a FIFO special file with name I. I " "specifies the FIFO's permissions. It is modified by the process's B " "in the usual way: the permissions of the created file are B<(>IB< & " "~umask)>." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:76 msgid "" "A FIFO special file is similar to a pipe, except that it is created in a " "different way. Instead of being an anonymous communications channel, a FIFO " "special file is entered into the filesystem by calling B()." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:86 msgid "" "Once you have created a FIFO special file in this way, any process can open " "it for reading or writing, in the same way as an ordinary file. However, it " "has to be open at both ends simultaneously before you can proceed to do any " "input or output operations on it. Opening a FIFO for reading normally " "blocks until some other process opens the same FIFO for writing, and vice " "versa. See B(7) for nonblocking handling of FIFO special files." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:86 #, no-wrap msgid "mkfifoat()" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:92 msgid "" "The B() function operates in exactly the same way as B(), " "except for the differences described here." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:102 msgid "" "If the pathname given in I is relative, then it is interpreted " "relative to the directory referred to by the file descriptor I " "(rather than relative to the current working directory of the calling " "process, as is done by B() for a relative pathname)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:114 msgid "" "If I is relative and I is the special value B, " "then I is interpreted relative to the current working directory of " "the calling process (like B())." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:120 build/C/man2/mknod.2:144 msgid "If I is absolute, then I is ignored." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:128 msgid "" "On success B() and B() return 0. In the case of an " "error, -1 is returned (in which case, I is set appropriately)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:129 build/C/man2/mknod.2:157 build/C/man4/st.4:829 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:133 msgid "" "One of the directories in I did not allow search (execute) " "permission." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:133 build/C/man2/mknod.2:165 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:137 build/C/man2/mknod.2:169 msgid "" "The user's quota of disk blocks or inodes on the filesystem has been " "exhausted." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:137 build/C/man2/mknod.2:169 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:143 build/C/man2/mknod.2:176 msgid "" "I already exists. This includes the case where I is a " "symbolic link, dangling or not." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:143 build/C/man2/mknod.2:188 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:151 msgid "" "Either the total length of I is greater than B, or an " "individual filename component has a length greater than B. In the " "GNU system, there is no imposed limit on overall filename length, but some " "filesystems may place limits on the length of a component." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:151 build/C/man2/mknod.2:191 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:155 build/C/man2/mknod.2:196 msgid "" "A directory component in I does not exist or is a dangling " "symbolic link." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:155 build/C/man2/mknod.2:199 build/C/man4/st.4:857 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:158 msgid "The directory or filesystem has no room for the new file." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:158 build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:172 build/C/man2/mknod.2:204 build/C/man2/mknod.2:234 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:162 build/C/man2/mknod.2:209 msgid "A component used as a directory in I is not, in fact, a directory." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:162 build/C/man2/mknod.2:223 build/C/man4/st.4:872 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:165 msgid "I refers to a read-only filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:168 msgid "The following additional errors can occur for B():" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:172 build/C/man2/mknod.2:234 msgid "I is not a valid file descriptor." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:178 msgid "" "I is a relative path and I is a file descriptor referring " "to a file other than a directory." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:184 msgid "" "B() was added to glibc in version 2.4. It is implemented using " "B(2), available on Linux since kernel 2.6.16." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:184 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:229 #, no-wrap msgid "ATTRIBUTES" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:185 build/C/man3/stdarg.3:230 #, no-wrap msgid "Multithreading (see pthreads(7))" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:191 msgid "The B() and B() functions are thread-safe." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:194 msgid "B(): POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:197 msgid "B(): POSIX.1-2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/mkfifo.3:206 msgid "" "B(1), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(7)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:15 #, no-wrap msgid "MKNOD" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:15 #, no-wrap msgid "2014-02-21" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:18 msgid "mknod, mknodat - create a special or ordinary file" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:24 #, no-wrap msgid "" "B<#include Esys/types.hE>\n" "B<#include Esys/stat.hE>\n" "B<#include Efcntl.hE>\n" "B<#include Eunistd.hE>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:26 #, no-wrap msgid "" "BIB<, mode_t >IB<, dev_t " ">IB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:32 #, no-wrap msgid "" "BIB<, const char *>IB<, mode_t " ">IB<, dev_t >IB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:40 msgid "B():" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:44 msgid "" "_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E=\\ 500 || " "_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:56 msgid "" "The system call B() creates a filesystem node (file, device special " "file, or named pipe) named I, with attributes specified by I " "and I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:63 msgid "" "The I argument specifies both the permissions to use and the type of " "node to be created. It should be a combination (using bitwise OR) of one of " "the file types listed below and the permissions for the new node." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:68 msgid "" "The permissions are modified by the process's I in the usual way: the " "permissions of the created node are I<(mode & ~umask)>." msgstr "" #. (S_IFSOCK since Linux 1.2.4) #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:82 msgid "" "The file type must be one of B, B, B, B, " "or B to specify a regular file (which will be created empty), " "character special file, block special file, FIFO (named pipe), or UNIX " "domain socket, respectively. (Zero file type is equivalent to type " "B.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:95 msgid "" "If the file type is B or B, then I specifies the " "major and minor numbers of the newly created device special file " "(B(3) may be useful to build the value for I); otherwise it " "is ignored." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:101 msgid "" "If I already exists, or is a symbolic link, this call fails with " "an B error." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:110 msgid "" "The newly created node will be owned by the effective user ID of the " "process. If the directory containing the node has the set-group-ID bit set, " "or if the filesystem is mounted with BSD group semantics, the new node will " "inherit the group ownership from its parent directory; otherwise it will be " "owned by the effective group ID of the process." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:110 #, no-wrap msgid "mknodat()" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:116 msgid "" "The B() system call operates in exactly the same way as " "B(2), except for the differences described here." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:126 msgid "" "If the pathname given in I is relative, then it is interpreted " "relative to the directory referred to by the file descriptor I " "(rather than relative to the current working directory of the calling " "process, as is done by B(2) for a relative pathname)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:138 msgid "" "If I is relative and I is the special value B, " "then I is interpreted relative to the current working directory of " "the calling process (like B(2))." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:149 msgid "See B(2) for an explanation of the need for B()." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:156 msgid "" "B() and B() return zero on success, or -1 if an error " "occurred (in which case, I is set appropriately)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:165 msgid "" "The parent directory does not allow write permission to the process, or one " "of the directories in the path prefix of I did not allow search " "permission. (See also B(7).)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:176 build/C/man4/st.4:838 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:179 msgid "I points outside your accessible address space." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:184 msgid "" "I requested creation of something other than a regular file, device " "special file, FIFO or socket." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:184 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:188 msgid "Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:191 msgid "I was too long." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:196 build/C/man4/st.4:850 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:199 msgid "Insufficient kernel memory was available." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:204 msgid "The device containing I has no room for the new node." msgstr "" #. For UNIX domain sockets and regular files, EPERM is returned only in #. Linux 2.2 and earlier; in Linux 2.4 and later, unprivileged can #. use mknod() to make these files. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:223 msgid "" "I requested creation of something other than a regular file, FIFO " "(named pipe), or UNIX domain socket, and the caller is not privileged " "(Linux: does not have the B capability); also returned if the " "filesystem containing I does not support the type of node " "requested." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:227 msgid "I refers to a file on a read-only filesystem." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:230 msgid "The following additional errors can occur for B():" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:240 msgid "" "I is relative and I is a file descriptor referring to a " "file other than a directory." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:244 msgid "" "B() was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16; library support was added " "to glibc in version 2.4." msgstr "" #. The Linux version differs from the SVr4 version in that it #. does not require root permission to create pipes, also in that no #. EMULTIHOP, ENOLINK, or EINTR error is documented. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:250 msgid "B(): SVr4, 4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001 (but see below), POSIX.1-2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:253 msgid "B(): POSIX.1-2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:271 msgid "" "POSIX.1-2001 says: \"The only portable use of B() is to create a " "FIFO-special file. If I is not B or I is not 0, the " "behavior of B() is unspecified.\" However, nowadays one should never " "use B() for this purpose; one should use B(3), a function " "especially defined for this purpose." msgstr "" #. and one should make UNIX domain sockets with socket(2) and bind(2). #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:278 msgid "" "Under Linux, B() cannot be used to create directories. One should " "make directories with B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:284 msgid "" "There are many infelicities in the protocol underlying NFS. Some of these " "affect B() and B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/mknod.2:297 msgid "" "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(3), " "B(3), B(7)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "MOUSE" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "1996-02-10" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:29 msgid "mouse - serial mouse interface" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:33 msgid "" "Serial mice are connected to a serial RS232/V24 dialout line, see B(4) " "for a description." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:34 #, no-wrap msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:36 msgid "The pinout of the usual 9 pin plug as used for serial mice is:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:39 #, no-wrap msgid "pin\tname\tused for\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:40 #, no-wrap msgid "2\tRX\tData\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:41 #, no-wrap msgid "3\tTX\t-12 V, Imax = 10 mA\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:42 #, no-wrap msgid "4\tDTR\t+12 V, Imax = 10 mA\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:43 #, no-wrap msgid "7\tRTS\t+12 V, Imax = 10 mA\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:44 #, no-wrap msgid "5\tGND\tGround\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:48 msgid "This is the specification, in fact 9 V suffices with most mice." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:54 msgid "" "The mouse driver can recognize a mouse by dropping RTS to low and raising it " "again. About 14 ms later the mouse will send 0x4D (\\(aqM\\(aq) on the data " "line. After a further 63 ms, a Microsoft-compatible 3-button mouse will " "send 0x33 (\\(aq3\\(aq)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:66 msgid "" "The relative mouse movement is sent as I (positive means right) and " "I (positive means down). Various mice can operate at different speeds. " "To select speeds, cycle through the speeds 9600, 4800, 2400, and 1200 bit/s, " "each time writing the two characters from the table below and waiting 0.1 " "seconds. The following table shows available speeds and the strings that " "select them:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:69 #, no-wrap msgid "bit/s\tstring\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:70 #, no-wrap msgid "9600\t*q\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:71 #, no-wrap msgid "4800\t*p\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:72 #, no-wrap msgid "2400\t*o\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:73 #, no-wrap msgid "1200\t*n\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:77 msgid "The first byte of a data packet can be used to synchronization purposes." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:77 #, no-wrap msgid "Microsoft protocol" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:93 msgid "" "The B protocol uses 1 start bit, 7 data bits, no parity and one " "stop bit at the speed of 1200 bits/sec. Data is sent to RxD in 3-byte " "packets. The I and I movements are sent as two's-complement, I " "(I) are set when the left (right) button is pressed:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:96 #, no-wrap msgid "byte\td6\td5\td4\td3\td2\td1\td0\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:97 #, no-wrap msgid "1\t1\tlb\trb\tdy7\tdy6\tdx7\tdx6\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:98 #, no-wrap msgid "2\t0\tdx5\tdx4\tdx3\tdx2\tdx1\tdx0\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:99 #, no-wrap msgid "3\t0\tdy5\tdy4\tdy3\tdy2\tdy1\tdy0\n" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:101 #, no-wrap msgid "3-button Microsoft protocol" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:110 msgid "" "Original Microsoft mice only have two buttons. However, there are some " "three button mice which also use the Microsoft protocol. Pressing or " "releasing the middle button is reported by sending a packet with zero " "movement and no buttons pressed. (Thus, unlike for the other two buttons, " "the status of the middle button is not reported in each packet.)" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:110 #, no-wrap msgid "Logitech protocol" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:119 msgid "" "Logitech serial 3-button mice use a different extension of the Microsoft " "protocol: when the middle button is up, the above 3-byte packet is sent. " "When the middle button is down a 4-byte packet is sent, where the 4th byte " "has value 0x20 (or at least has the 0x20 bit set). In particular, a press " "of the middle button is reported as 0,0,0,0x20 when no other buttons are " "down." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:119 #, no-wrap msgid "Mousesystems protocol" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:137 msgid "" "The B protocol uses 1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity and " "two stop bits at the speed of 1200 bits/sec. Data is sent to RxD in 5-byte " "packets. I is sent as the sum of the two two's-complement values, I " "is send as negated sum of the two two's-complement values. I (I, " "I) are cleared when the left (middle, right) button is pressed:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:140 build/C/man4/mouse.4:175 #, no-wrap msgid "byte\td7\td6\td5\td4\td3\td2\td1\td0\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:141 #, no-wrap msgid "1\t1\t0\t0\t0\t0\tlb\tmb\trb\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:142 #, no-wrap msgid "2\t0\tdxa6\tdxa5\tdxa4\tdxa3\tdxa2\tdxa1\tdxa0\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:143 #, no-wrap msgid "3\t0\tdya6\tdya5\tdya4\tdya3\tdya2\tdya1\tdya0\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:144 #, no-wrap msgid "4\t0\tdxb6\tdxb5\tdxb4\tdxb3\tdxb2\tdxb1\tdxb0\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:145 #, no-wrap msgid "5\t0\tdyb6\tdyb5\tdyb4\tdyb3\tdyb2\tdyb1\tdyb0\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:150 msgid "" "Bytes 4 and 5 describe the change that occurred since bytes 2 and 3 were " "transmitted." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:150 #, no-wrap msgid "Sun protocol" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:155 msgid "" "The B protocol is the 3-byte version of the above 5-byte Mousesystems " "protocol: the last two bytes are not sent." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:155 #, no-wrap msgid "MM protocol" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:172 msgid "" "The B protocol uses 1 start bit, 8 data bits, odd parity and one stop " "bit at the speed of 1200 bits/sec. Data is sent to RxD in 3-byte packets. " "I and I are sent as single signed values, the sign bit indicating a " "negative value. I (I, I) are set when the left (middle, right) " "button is pressed:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:176 #, no-wrap msgid "1\t1\t0\t0\tdxs\tdys\tlb\tmb\trb\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:177 #, no-wrap msgid "2\t0\tdx6\tdx5\tdx4\tdx3\tdx2\tdx1\tdx0\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:178 #, no-wrap msgid "3\t0\tdy6\tdy5\tdy4\tdy3\tdy2\tdy1\tdy0\n" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:181 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:184 msgid "A commonly used symlink pointing to a mouse device." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/mouse.4:187 msgid "B(4), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/msr.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "MSR" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/msr.4:29 msgid "msr - x86 CPU MSR access device" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/msr.4:36 msgid "" "I provides an interface to read and write the " "model-specific registers (MSRs) of an x86 CPU. I is the number of " "the CPU to access as listed in I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/msr.4:42 msgid "" "The register access is done by opening the file and seeking to the MSR " "number as offset in the file, and then reading or writing in chunks of 8 " "bytes. An I/O transfer of more than 8 bytes means multiple reads or writes " "of the same register." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/msr.4:47 msgid "" "This file is protected so that it can be read and written only by the user " "I, or members of the group I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/msr.4:53 msgid "" "The I driver is not auto-loaded. On modular kernels you might need to " "use the following command to load it explicitly before use:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/msr.4:55 #, no-wrap msgid " $ I\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/msr.4:59 msgid "" "Intel Corporation Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's " "Manual Volume 3B Appendix B, for an overview of the Intel CPU MSRs." msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/null.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "NULL" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/null.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "2009-02-23" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/null.4:29 msgid "null, zero - data sink" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/null.4:35 msgid "Data written to a B or B special file is discarded." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/null.4:44 msgid "" "Reads from the B special file always return end of file (i.e., " "B(2) returns 0), whereas reads from B always return bytes " "containing zero (\\e0 characters)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/null.4:49 msgid "B and B are typically created by:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/null.4:52 msgid "mknod -m 666 /dev/null c 1 3" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/null.4:54 msgid "mknod -m 666 /dev/zero c 1 5" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/null.4:56 msgid "chown root:root /dev/null /dev/zero" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/null.4:59 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/null.4:61 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/null.4:64 msgid "" "If these devices are not writable and readable for all users, many programs " "will act strangely." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/null.4:68 msgid "B(1), B(1), B(4)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:25 #, no-wrap msgid "PIPE" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:25 build/C/man2/syslog.2:33 #, no-wrap msgid "2014-07-08" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:28 msgid "pipe - overview of pipes and FIFOs" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:37 msgid "" "Pipes and FIFOs (also known as named pipes) provide a unidirectional " "interprocess communication channel. A pipe has a I and a I. Data written to the write end of a pipe can be read from the read end " "of the pipe." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:47 msgid "" "A pipe is created using B(2), which creates a new pipe and returns two " "file descriptors, one referring to the read end of the pipe, the other " "referring to the write end. Pipes can be used to create a communication " "channel between related processes; see B(2) for an example." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:66 msgid "" "A FIFO (short for First In First Out) has a name within the filesystem " "(created using B(3)), and is opened using B(2). Any process " "may open a FIFO, assuming the file permissions allow it. The read end is " "opened using the B flag; the write end is opened using the " "B flag. See B(7) for further details. I: although " "FIFOs have a pathname in the filesystem, I/O on FIFOs does not involve " "operations on the underlying device (if there is one)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:66 #, no-wrap msgid "I/O on pipes and FIFOs" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:71 msgid "" "The only difference between pipes and FIFOs is the manner in which they are " "created and opened. Once these tasks have been accomplished, I/O on pipes " "and FIFOs has exactly the same semantics." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:85 msgid "" "If a process attempts to read from an empty pipe, then B(2) will " "block until data is available. If a process attempts to write to a full " "pipe (see below), then B(2) blocks until sufficient data has been " "read from the pipe to allow the write to complete. Nonblocking I/O is " "possible by using the B(2) B operation to enable the " "B open file status flag." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:89 msgid "" "The communication channel provided by a pipe is a I: there is " "no concept of message boundaries." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:116 msgid "" "If all file descriptors referring to the write end of a pipe have been " "closed, then an attempt to B(2) from the pipe will see end-of-file " "(B(2) will return 0). If all file descriptors referring to the read " "end of a pipe have been closed, then a B(2) will cause a B " "signal to be generated for the calling process. If the calling process is " "ignoring this signal, then B(2) fails with the error B. An " "application that uses B(2) and B(2) should use suitable " "B(2) calls to close unnecessary duplicate file descriptors; this " "ensures that end-of-file and B/B are delivered when " "appropriate." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:120 msgid "It is not possible to apply B(2) to a pipe." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:120 #, no-wrap msgid "Pipe capacity" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:132 msgid "" "A pipe has a limited capacity. If the pipe is full, then a B(2) " "will block or fail, depending on whether the B flag is set (see " "below). Different implementations have different limits for the pipe " "capacity. Applications should not rely on a particular capacity: an " "application should be designed so that a reading process consumes data as " "soon as it is available, so that a writing process does not remain blocked." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:146 msgid "" "In Linux versions before 2.6.11, the capacity of a pipe was the same as the " "system page size (e.g., 4096 bytes on i386). Since Linux 2.6.11, the pipe " "capacity is 65536 bytes. Since Linux 2.6.35, the default pipe capacity is " "65536 bytes, but the capacity can be queried and set using the B(2) " "B and B operations. See B(2) for more " "information." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:147 #, no-wrap msgid "PIPE_BUF" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:169 msgid "" "POSIX.1-2001 says that B(2)s of less than B bytes must be " "atomic: the output data is written to the pipe as a contiguous sequence. " "Writes of more than B bytes may be nonatomic: the kernel may " "interleave the data with data written by other processes. POSIX.1-2001 " "requires B to be at least 512 bytes. (On Linux, B is " "4096 bytes.) The precise semantics depend on whether the file descriptor is " "nonblocking (B), whether there are multiple writers to the pipe, " "and on I, the number of bytes to be written:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:169 #, no-wrap msgid "B disabled, I E= B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:178 msgid "" "All I bytes are written atomically; B(2) may block if there is " "not room for I bytes to be written immediately" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:178 #, no-wrap msgid "B enabled, I E= B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:192 msgid "" "If there is room to write I bytes to the pipe, then B(2) succeeds " "immediately, writing all I bytes; otherwise B(2) fails, with " "I set to B." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:192 #, no-wrap msgid "B disabled, I E B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:204 msgid "" "The write is nonatomic: the data given to B(2) may be interleaved " "with B(2)s by other process; the B(2) blocks until I bytes " "have been written." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:204 #, no-wrap msgid "B enabled, I E B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:219 msgid "" "If the pipe is full, then B(2) fails, with I set to " "B. Otherwise, from 1 to I bytes may be written (i.e., a " "\"partial write\" may occur; the caller should check the return value from " "B(2) to see how many bytes were actually written), and these bytes " "may be interleaved with writes by other processes." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:219 #, no-wrap msgid "Open file status flags" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:225 msgid "" "The only open file status flags that can be meaningfully applied to a pipe " "or FIFO are B and B." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:237 msgid "" "Setting the B flag for the read end of a pipe causes a signal " "(B by default) to be generated when new input becomes available on " "the pipe (see B(2) for details). On Linux, B is supported " "for pipes and FIFOs only since kernel 2.6." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:237 #, no-wrap msgid "Portability notes" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:243 msgid "" "On some systems (but not Linux), pipes are bidirectional: data can be " "transmitted in both directions between the pipe ends. According to " "POSIX.1-2001, pipes need only need be unidirectional. Portable applications " "should avoid reliance on bidirectional pipe semantics." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/pipe.7:255 msgid "" "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2) or B(2) for write access to I. These " "values can be changed by writing to the files." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:248 msgid "" "The read-only files I and I contain random strings like " "6fd5a44b-35f4-4ad4-a9b9-6b9be13e1fe9. The former is generated afresh for " "each read, the latter was generated once." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/random.4:248 #, no-wrap msgid "ioctl(2) interface" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:259 msgid "" "The following B(2) requests are defined on file descriptors " "connected to either I or I. All requests " "performed will interact with the input entropy pool impacting both " "I and I. The B capability is " "required for all requests except B." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/random.4:259 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:266 msgid "" "Retrieve the entropy count of the input pool, the contents will be the same " "as the I file under proc. The result will be stored in the " "int pointed to by the argument." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/random.4:266 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:270 msgid "" "Increment or decrement the entropy count of the input pool by the value " "pointed to by the argument." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/random.4:270 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:273 msgid "Removed in Linux 2.6.9." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/random.4:273 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:281 msgid "" "Add some additional entropy to the input pool, incrementing the entropy " "count. This differs from writing to I or I, " "which only adds some data but does not increment the entropy count. The " "following structure is used:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:288 #, no-wrap msgid "" " struct rand_pool_info {\n" " int entropy_count;\n" " int buf_size;\n" " __u32 buf[0];\n" " };\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:297 msgid "" "Here I is the value added to (or subtracted from) the entropy " "count, and I is the buffer of size I which gets added to the " "entropy pool." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/random.4:297 #, no-wrap msgid "B, B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:301 msgid "" "Zero the entropy count of all pools and add some system data (such as wall " "clock) to the pools." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:303 msgid "/dev/random" msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHOR #. The kernel's random number generator was written by #. Theodore Ts'o (tytso@athena.mit.edu). #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:308 msgid "/dev/urandom" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:311 msgid "B(2), B(1)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/random.4:313 msgid "RFC\\ 1750, \"Randomness Recommendations for Security\"" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/sd.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "SD" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/sd.4:26 #, no-wrap msgid "2012-05-03" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:29 msgid "sd - driver for SCSI disk drives" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:33 #, no-wrap msgid "" "B<#include Elinux/hdreg.hE >/* for HDIO_GETGEO */\n" "B<#include Elinux/fs.hE >/* for BLKGETSIZE and BLKRRPART " "*/\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:45 msgid "" "The block device name has the following form: BI where I is a " "letter denoting the physical drive, and I

is a number denoting the " "partition on that physical drive. Often, the partition number, I

, will " "be left off when the device corresponds to the whole drive." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:54 msgid "" "SCSI disks have a major device number of 8, and a minor device number of the " "form (16 * I) + I, where I is " "the number of the physical drive in order of detection, and " "I is as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:56 msgid "partition 0 is the whole drive" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:58 msgid "partitions 1-4 are the DOS \"primary\" partitions" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:60 msgid "partitions 5-8 are the DOS \"extended\" (or \"logical\") partitions" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:68 msgid "" "For example, I will have major 8, minor 0, and will refer to all " "of the first SCSI drive in the system; and I will have major 8, " "minor 19, and will refer to the third DOS \"primary\" partition on the " "second SCSI drive in the system." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:71 msgid "" "At this time, only block devices are provided. Raw devices have not yet " "been implemented." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:75 msgid "The following Is are provided:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sd.4:75 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:79 msgid "Returns the BIOS disk parameters in the following structure:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:88 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct hd_geometry {\n" " unsigned char heads;\n" " unsigned char sectors;\n" " unsigned short cylinders;\n" " unsigned long start;\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:94 msgid "A pointer to this structure is passed as the B(2) parameter." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:109 msgid "" "The information returned in the parameter is the disk geometry of the drive " "I This geometry is I the physical geometry of " "the drive. It is used when constructing the drive's partition table, " "however, and is needed for convenient operation of B(1), " "B(1), and B(1). If the geometry information is not available, " "zero will be returned for all of the parameters." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sd.4:110 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:117 msgid "" "Returns the device size in sectors. The B(2) parameter should be a " "pointer to a I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sd.4:117 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:121 msgid "Forces a reread of the SCSI disk partition tables. No parameter is needed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:131 msgid "" "The SCSI B(2) operations are also supported. If the B(2) " "parameter is required, and it is NULL, then B(2) will fail with the " "error B." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:133 msgid "/dev/sd[a-h]: the whole device" msgstr "" #. .SH "SEE ALSO" #. .BR scsi (4) #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sd.4:137 msgid "/dev/sd[a-h][0-8]: individual block partitions" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:25 #, no-wrap msgid "SETLOGMASK" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:25 #, no-wrap msgid "2001-10-05" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:28 msgid "setlogmask - set log priority mask" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:31 #, no-wrap msgid "B<#include Esyslog.hE>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:33 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:43 msgid "" "A process has a log priority mask that determines which calls to " "B(3) may be logged. All other calls will be ignored. Logging is " "enabled for the priorities that have the corresponding bit set in I. " "The initial mask is such that logging is enabled for all priorities." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:49 msgid "" "The B() function sets this logmask for the calling process, and " "returns the previous mask. If the mask argument is 0, the current logmask " "is not modified." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:69 msgid "" "The eight priorities are B, B, B, " "B, B, B, B, and B. " "The bit corresponding to a priority I

is I. Some systems " "also provide a macro I for the mask of all priorities in the " "above list up to and including I

." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:71 msgid "This function returns the previous log priority mask." msgstr "" #. .SH NOTES #. The glibc logmask handling was broken in versions before glibc 2.1.1. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:75 msgid "None." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:78 msgid "POSIX.1-2001. Note that the description in POSIX.1-2001 is flawed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/setlogmask.3:82 msgid "B(3), B(3), B(3)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:27 #, no-wrap msgid "SK98LIN" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:30 msgid "sk98lin - Marvell/SysKonnect Gigabit Ethernet driver v6.21" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:62 msgid "" "B [BI] [BI] " "[BI] [BI] [BI] " "[BI] [BI] " "[BI] [BI] [BI] " "[BI] [BI] " "[BI] [BI] [BI]" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:67 msgid "B: This obsolete driver was removed from the kernel in version 2.6.26." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:74 msgid "" "B is the Gigabit Ethernet driver for Marvell and SysKonnect network " "adapter cards. It supports SysKonnect SK-98xx/SK-95xx compliant Gigabit " "Ethernet Adapter and any Yukon compliant chipset." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:81 msgid "" "When loading the driver using insmod, parameters for the network adapter " "cards might be stated as a sequence of comma separated commands. If for " "instance two network adapters are installed and AutoNegotiation on Port A of " "the first adapter should be ON, but on the Port A of the second adapter " "switched OFF, one must enter:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:83 #, no-wrap msgid " insmod sk98lin.o AutoNeg_A=On,Off\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:98 msgid "" "After B is bound to one or more adapter cards and the I " "filesystem is mounted on your system, a dedicated statistics file will be " "created in the folder I for all ports of the installed " "network adapter cards. Those files are named I, where I is the " "number of the interface that has been assigned to a dedicated port by the " "system." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:108 msgid "" "If loading is finished, any desired IP address can be assigned to the " "respective I interface using the B(8) command. This " "causes the adapter to connect to the Ethernet and to display a status " "message on the console saying \"ethx: network connection up using port y\" " "followed by the configured or detected connection parameters." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:124 msgid "" "The B also supports large frames (also called jumbo frames). Using " "jumbo frames can improve throughput tremendously when transferring large " "amounts of data. To enable large frames, the MTU (maximum transfer unit) " "size for an interface is to be set to a high value. The default MTU size is " "1500 and can be changed up to 9000 (bytes). Setting the MTU size can be " "done when assigning the IP address to the interface or later by using the " "B(8) command with the mtu parameter. If for instance eth0 needs " "an IP address and a large frame MTU size, the following two commands might " "be used:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:127 #, no-wrap msgid "" " ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.1\n" " ifconfig eth0 mtu 9000\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:129 msgid "Those two commands might even be combined into one:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:131 #, no-wrap msgid " ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.1 mtu 9000\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:144 msgid "" "Note that large frames can be used only if permitted by your network " "infrastructure. This means, that any switch being used in your Ethernet " "must also support large frames. Quite some switches support large frames, " "but need to be configured to do so. Most of the times, their default " "setting is to support only standard frames with an MTU size of 1500 " "(bytes). In addition to the switches inside the network, all network " "adapters that are to be used must also be enabled regarding jumbo frames. " "If an adapter is not set to receive large frames, it will simply drop them." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:148 msgid "" "Switching back to the standard Ethernet frame size can be done by using the " "B(8) command again:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:150 #, no-wrap msgid " ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:156 msgid "" "The Marvell/SysKonnect Gigabit Ethernet driver for Linux is able to support " "VLAN and Link Aggregation according to IEEE standards 802.1, 802.1q, and " "802.3ad. Those features are available only after installation of open " "source modules which can be found on the Internet:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:161 msgid "I: E<.UR http://www.candelatech.com\\:/~greear\\:/vlan.html> E<.UE>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:167 msgid "I I: E<.UR http://www.st.rim.or.jp\\:/~yumo> E<.UE>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:172 msgid "" "Note that Marvell/SysKonnect does not offer any support for these open " "source modules and does not take the responsibility for any kind of failures " "or problems arising when using these modules." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:172 build/C/man4/wavelan.4:39 #, no-wrap msgid "Parameters" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:173 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:190 msgid "" "This parameter is used to set the speed capabilities of port A of an adapter " "card. It is valid only for Yukon copper adapters. Possible values are: " "I<10>, I<100>, I<1000>, or I; I is the default. Usually, the " "speed is negotiated between the two ports during link establishment. If " "this fails, a port can be forced to a specific setting with this parameter." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:190 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:207 msgid "" "This parameter is used to set the speed capabilities of port B of an adapter " "card. It is valid only for Yukon copper adapters. Possible values are: " "I<10>, I<100>, I<1000>, or I; I is the default. Usually, the " "speed is negotiated between the two ports during link establishment. If " "this fails, a port can be forced to a specific setting with this parameter." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:207 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:221 msgid "" "Enables or disables the use of autonegotiation of port A of an adapter " "card. Possible values are: I, I, or I; I is the " "default. The I mode automatically detects whether the link partner " "supports auto-negotiation or not." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:221 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:235 msgid "" "Enables or disables the use of autonegotiation of port B of an adapter " "card. Possible values are: I, I, or I; I is the " "default. The I mode automatically detects whether the link partner " "supports auto-negotiation or not." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:235 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:265 msgid "" "This parameter indicates the duplex mode to be used for port A of an adapter " "card. Possible values are: I, I, or I; I is the " "default. This parameter is relevant only if AutoNeg_A of port A is not set " "to I. If AutoNeg_A is set to I, all three values of DupCap_A ( " "I, I or I) might be stated. If AutoNeg_A is set to " "I, only DupCap_A values I and I are allowed. This DupCap_A " "parameter is useful if your link partner does not support all possible " "duplex combinations." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:265 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:295 msgid "" "This parameter indicates the duplex mode to be used for port B of an adapter " "card. Possible values are: I, I, or I; I is the " "default. This parameter is relevant only if AutoNeg_B of port B is not set " "to I. If AutoNeg_B is set to I, all three values of DupCap_B ( " "I, I or I) might be stated. If AutoNeg_B is set to " "I, only DupCap_B values I and I are allowed. This DupCap_B " "parameter is useful if your link partner does not support all possible " "duplex combinations." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:295 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:308 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:341 msgid "" "This parameter can be used to set the flow control capabilities the port " "reports during auto-negotiation. Possible values are: I, I, " "I, or I; I is the default. The different modes " "have the following meaning:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:313 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:345 #, no-wrap msgid "" "I\n" "= Symmetric\n" " both link partners are allowed to send PAUSE frames\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:317 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:349 #, no-wrap msgid "" "I\n" "= SymmetricOrRemote\n" " both or only remote partner are allowed to send PAUSE frames\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:321 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:353 #, no-wrap msgid "" "I\n" "= LocalSend\n" " only local link partner is allowed to send PAUSE frames\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:325 build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:357 #, no-wrap msgid "" "I\n" "= None\n" " no link partner is allowed to send PAUSE frames\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:328 msgid "Note that this parameter is ignored if AutoNeg_A is set to I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:328 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:361 msgid "Note that this parameter is ignored if AutoNeg_B is set to I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:361 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:377 msgid "" "This parameter is valid only for 1000Base-T adapter cards. For two " "1000Base-T ports to communicate, one must take the role of the master " "(providing timing information), while the other must be the slave. Possible " "values are: I, I, or I; I is the default. " "Usually, the role of a port is negotiated between two ports during link " "establishment, but if that fails the port A of an adapter card can be forced " "to a specific setting with this parameter." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:377 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:394 msgid "" "This parameter is valid only for 1000Base-T adapter cards. For two " "1000Base-T ports to communicate, one must take the role of the master " "(providing timing information), while the other must be the slave. Possible " "values are: I, I, or I; I is the default. " "Usually, the role of a port is negotiated between two ports during link " "establishment, but if that fails the port B of an adapter card can be forced " "to a specific setting with this parameter." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:394 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:402 msgid "" "This parameter is a combination of all five per-port parameters within one " "single parameter. This simplifies the configuration of both ports of an " "adapter card. The different values of this variable reflect the most " "meaningful combinations of port parameters. Possible values and their " "corresponding combination of per-port parameters:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:407 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ConType | DupCap AutoNeg FlowCtrl Role Speed\n" "--------+-------------------------------------------\n" "I | Both On SymOrRem Auto Auto\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:409 #, no-wrap msgid "I<100FD> | Full Off None Auto 100\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:411 #, no-wrap msgid "I<100HD> | Half Off None Auto 100\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:413 #, no-wrap msgid "I<10FD> | Full Off None Auto 10\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:415 #, no-wrap msgid "I<10HD> | Half Off None Auto 10\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:425 msgid "" "Stating any other port parameter together with this I parameter " "will result in a merged configuration of those settings. This is due to the " "fact, that the per-port parameters (e.g., I) have a higher " "priority than the combined variable I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:425 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:442 msgid "" "Interrupt moderation is employed to limit the maximum number of interrupts " "the driver has to serve. That is, one or more interrupts (which indicate " "any transmit or receive packet to be processed) are queued until the driver " "processes them. When queued interrupts are to be served, is determined by " "the I parameter, which is explained later below. Possible " "moderation modes are: I, I, or I; I is the " "default. The different modes have the following meaning:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:447 msgid "" "I No interrupt moderation is applied on the adapter card. Therefore, " "each transmit or receive interrupt is served immediately as soon as it " "appears on the interrupt line of the adapter card." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:462 msgid "" "I Interrupt moderation is applied on the adapter card. All transmit " "and receive interrupts are queued until a complete moderation interval " "ends. If such a moderation interval ends, all queued interrupts are " "processed in one big bunch without any delay. The term I reflects " "the fact, that interrupt moderation is always enabled, regardless how much " "network load is currently passing via a particular interface. In addition, " "the duration of the moderation interval has a fixed length that never " "changes while the driver is operational." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:473 msgid "" "I Interrupt moderation might be applied on the adapter card, " "depending on the load of the system. If the driver detects that the system " "load is too high, the driver tries to shield the system against too much " "network load by enabling interrupt moderation. If\\(emat a later " "time\\(emthe CPU utilization decreases again (or if the network load is " "negligible), the interrupt moderation will automatically be disabled." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:479 msgid "" "Interrupt moderation should be used when the driver has to handle one or " "more interfaces with a high network load, which\\(emas a " "consequence\\(emleads also to a high CPU utilization. When moderation is " "applied in such high network load situations, CPU load might be reduced by " "20-30% on slow computers." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:483 msgid "" "Note that the drawback of using interrupt moderation is an increase of the " "round-trip-time (RTT), due to the queuing and serving of interrupts at " "dedicated moderation times." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:483 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:493 msgid "" "This parameter determines the length of any interrupt moderation interval. " "Assuming that static interrupt moderation is to be used, an I " "parameter value of 2000 will lead to an interrupt moderation interval of 500 " "microseconds. Possible values for this parameter are in the range of " "30...40000 (interrupts per second). The default value is 2000." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:497 msgid "" "This parameter is used only if either static or dynamic interrupt moderation " "is enabled on a network adapter card. This parameter is ignored if no " "moderation is applied." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:504 msgid "" "Note that the duration of the moderation interval is to be chosen with " "care. At first glance, selecting a very long duration (e.g., only 100 " "interrupts per second) seems to be meaningful, but the increase of " "packet-processing delay is tremendous. On the other hand, selecting a very " "short moderation time might compensate the use of any moderation being " "applied." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:504 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:516 msgid "" "This parameter is used to force the preferred port to A or B (on dual-port " "network adapters). The preferred port is the one that is used if both ports " "A and B are detected as fully functional. Possible values are: I or " "I; I is the default." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:516 #, no-wrap msgid "BI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:532 msgid "" "RLMT monitors the status of the port. If the link of the active port fails, " "RLMT switches immediately to the standby link. The virtual link is " "maintained as long as at least one \"physical\" link is up. This parameters " "states how RLMT should monitor both ports. Possible values are: " "I, I, I, or I; " "I is the default. The different modes have the following " "meaning:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:537 msgid "" "I Check link state only: RLMT uses the link state reported " "by the adapter hardware for each individual port to determine whether a port " "can be used for all network traffic or not." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:545 msgid "" "I In this mode, RLMT monitors the network path between the " "two ports of an adapter by regularly exchanging packets between them. This " "mode requires a network configuration in which the two ports are able to " "\"see\" each other (i.e., there must not be any router between the ports)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:554 msgid "" "I Check local port and segmentation: This mode supports the same " "functions as the CheckLocalPort mode and additionally checks network " "segmentation between the ports. Therefore, this mode is to be used only if " "Gigabit Ethernet switches are installed on the network that have been " "configured to use the Spanning Tree protocol." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:565 msgid "" "I In this mode, ports A and B are used as separate devices. If you " "have a dual port adapter, port A will be configured as I and port B " "as I. Both ports can be used independently with distinct IP " "addresses. The preferred port setting is not used. RLMT is turned off." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:574 msgid "" "Note that RLMT modes I and I are designed to " "operate in configurations where a network path between the ports on one " "adapter exists. Moreover, they are not designed to work where adapters are " "connected back-to-back." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:575 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:581 msgid "" "The statistics file of a particular interface of an adapter card. It " "contains generic information about the adapter card plus a detailed summary " "of all transmit and receive counters." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:581 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:592 msgid "" "This is the I file of the I driver. It contains a detailed " "installation HOWTO and describes all parameters of the driver. It denotes " "also common problems and provides the solution to them." msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHORS #. Ralph Roesler \(em rroesler@syskonnect.de #. .br #. Mirko Lindner \(em mlindner@syskonnect.de #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:598 msgid "Report any bugs to linux@syskonnect.de" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/sk98lin.4:602 msgid "B(8), B(8), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/st.4:25 #, no-wrap msgid "ST" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:28 msgid "st - SCSI tape device" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:31 #, no-wrap msgid "B<#include Esys/mtio.hE>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:36 #, no-wrap msgid "" "BIB<, int >IB< [, (void *)>IB<]);>\n" "BIB<, MTIOCTOP, (struct mtop *)>IB<);>\n" "BIB<, MTIOCGET, (struct mtget *)>IB<);>\n" "BIB<, MTIOCPOS, (struct mtpos *)>IB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:46 msgid "" "The B driver provides the interface to a variety of SCSI tape devices. " "Currently, the driver takes control of all detected devices of type " "\\(lqsequential-access\\(rq. The B driver uses major device number 9." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:66 msgid "" "Each device uses eight minor device numbers. The lowermost five bits in the " "minor numbers are assigned sequentially in the order of detection. In the " "2.6 kernel, the bits above the eight lowermost bits are concatenated to the " "five lowermost bits to form the tape number. The minor numbers can be " "grouped into two sets of four numbers: the principal (auto-rewind) minor " "device numbers, I, and the \\(lqno-rewind\\(rq device numbers, (I + " "128). Devices opened using the principal device number will be sent a " "B command when they are closed. Devices opened using the " "\\(lqno-rewind\\(rq device number will not. (Note that using an auto-rewind " "device for positioning the tape with, for instance, mt does not lead to the " "desired result: the tape is rewound after the mt command and the next " "command starts from the beginning of the tape)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:80 msgid "" "Within each group, four minor numbers are available to define devices with " "different characteristics (block size, compression, density, etc.) When the " "system starts up, only the first device is available. The other three are " "activated when the default characteristics are defined (see below). (By " "changing compile-time constants, it is possible to change the balance " "between the maximum number of tape drives and the number of minor numbers " "for each drive. The default allocation allows control of 32 tape drives. " "For instance, it is possible to control up to 64 tape drives with two minor " "numbers for different options.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:82 msgid "Devices are typically created by:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:93 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mknod -m 666 /dev/st0 c 9 0\n" "mknod -m 666 /dev/st0l c 9 32\n" "mknod -m 666 /dev/st0m c 9 64\n" "mknod -m 666 /dev/st0a c 9 96\n" "mknod -m 666 /dev/nst0 c 9 128\n" "mknod -m 666 /dev/nst0l c 9 160\n" "mknod -m 666 /dev/nst0m c 9 192\n" "mknod -m 666 /dev/nst0a c 9 224\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:97 msgid "There is no corresponding block device." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:112 msgid "" "The driver uses an internal buffer that has to be large enough to hold at " "least one tape block. In kernels before 2.1.121, the buffer is allocated as " "one contiguous block. This limits the block size to the largest contiguous " "block of memory the kernel allocator can provide. The limit is currently " "128 kB for 32-bit architectures and 256 kB for 64-bit architectures. In " "newer kernels the driver allocates the buffer in several parts if " "necessary. By default, the maximum number of parts is 16. This means that " "the maximum block size is very large (2 MB if allocation of 16 blocks of 128 " "kB succeeds)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:121 msgid "" "The driver's internal buffer size is determined by a compile-time constant " "which can be overridden with a kernel startup option. In addition to this, " "the driver tries to allocate a larger temporary buffer at run time if " "necessary. However, run-time allocation of large contiguous blocks of " "memory may fail and it is advisable not to rely too much on dynamic buffer " "allocation with kernels older than 2.1.121 (this applies also to " "demand-loading the driver with kerneld or kmod)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:134 msgid "" "The driver does not specifically support any tape drive brand or model. " "After system start-up the tape device options are defined by the drive " "firmware. For example, if the drive firmware selects fixed-block mode, the " "tape device uses fixed-block mode. The options can be changed with explicit " "B(2) calls and remain in effect when the device is closed and " "reopened. Setting the options affects both the auto-rewind and the " "nonrewind device." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:143 msgid "" "Different options can be specified for the different devices within the " "subgroup of four. The options take effect when the device is opened. For " "example, the system administrator can define one device that writes in " "fixed-block mode with a certain block size, and one which writes in " "variable-block mode (if the drive supports both modes)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:166 msgid "" "The driver supports B if they are supported by the drive. " "(Note that the tape partitions have nothing to do with disk partitions. A " "partitioned tape can be seen as several logical tapes within one medium.) " "Partition support has to be enabled with an B(2). The tape location " "is preserved within each partition across partition changes. The partition " "used for subsequent tape operations is selected with an B(2). The " "partition switch is executed together with the next tape operation in order " "to avoid unnecessary tape movement. The maximum number of partitions on a " "tape is defined by a compile-time constant (originally four). The driver " "contains an B(2) that can format a tape with either one or two " "partitions." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:171 msgid "" "Device I is usually created as a hard or soft link to the default " "tape device on the system." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:175 msgid "" "Starting from kernel 2.6.2, the driver exports in the sysfs directory " "I the attached devices and some parameters assigned to " "the devices." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/st.4:175 #, no-wrap msgid "Data transfer" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:188 msgid "" "The driver supports operation in both fixed-block mode and variable-block " "mode (if supported by the drive). In fixed-block mode the drive writes " "blocks of the specified size and the block size is not dependent on the byte " "counts of the write system calls. In variable-block mode one tape block is " "written for each write call and the byte count determines the size of the " "corresponding tape block. Note that the blocks on the tape don't contain " "any information about the writing mode: when reading, the only important " "thing is to use commands that accept the block sizes on the tape." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:197 msgid "" "In variable-block mode the read byte count does not have to match the tape " "block size exactly. If the byte count is larger than the next block on " "tape, the driver returns the data and the function returns the actual block " "size. If the block size is larger than the byte count, the requested amount " "of data from the start of the block is returned and the rest of the block is " "discarded." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:206 msgid "" "In fixed-block mode the read byte counts can be arbitrary if buffering is " "enabled, or a multiple of the tape block size if buffering is disabled. " "Kernels before 2.1.121 allow writes with arbitrary byte count if buffering " "is enabled. In all other cases (kernel before 2.1.121 with buffering " "disabled or newer kernel) the write byte count must be a multiple of the " "tape block size." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:215 msgid "" "In the 2.6 kernel, the driver tries to use direct transfers between the user " "buffer and the device. If this is not possible, the driver's internal " "buffer is used. The reasons for not using direct transfers include improper " "alignment of the user buffer (default is 512 bytes but this can be changed " "by the HBA driver), one or more pages of the user buffer not reachable by " "the SCSI adapter, and so on." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:218 msgid "" "A filemark is automatically written to tape if the last tape operation " "before close was a write." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:230 msgid "" "When a filemark is encountered while reading, the following happens. If " "there are data remaining in the buffer when the filemark is found, the " "buffered data is returned. The next read returns zero bytes. The following " "read returns data from the next file. The end of recorded data is signaled " "by returning zero bytes for two consecutive read calls. The third read " "returns an error." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/st.4:230 #, no-wrap msgid "Ioctls" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:241 msgid "" "The driver supports three B(2) requests. Requests not recognized by " "the B driver are passed to the B driver. The definitions below " "are from I:" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/st.4:241 #, no-wrap msgid "MTIOCTOP \\(em perform a tape operation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:249 msgid "" "This request takes an argument of type I<(struct mtop\\ *)>. Not all drives " "support all operations. The driver returns an B error if the drive " "rejects an operation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:257 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/* Structure for MTIOCTOP - mag tape op command: */\n" "struct mtop {\n" " short mt_op; /* operations defined below */\n" " int mt_count; /* how many of them */\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:261 msgid "Magnetic Tape operations for normal tape use:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:261 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:266 msgid "Backward space over I filemarks." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:266 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:272 msgid "" "Backward space over I filemarks. Reposition the tape to the EOT " "side of the last filemark." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:272 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:277 msgid "Backward space over I records (tape blocks)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:277 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:282 msgid "Backward space over I setmarks." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:282 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:290 msgid "" "Enable compression of tape data within the drive if I is nonzero " "and disable compression if I is zero. This command uses the MODE " "page 15 supported by most DATs." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:290 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:293 msgid "Go to the end of the recorded media (for appending files)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:293 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:299 msgid "" "Erase tape. With 2.6 kernel, short erase (mark tape empty) is performed if " "the argument is zero. Otherwise, long erase (erase all) is done." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:299 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:304 msgid "Forward space over I filemarks." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:304 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:310 msgid "" "Forward space over I filemarks. Reposition the tape to the BOT " "side of the last filemark." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:310 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:315 msgid "Forward space over I records (tape blocks)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:315 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:320 msgid "Forward space over I setmarks." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:320 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:331 msgid "" "Execute the SCSI load command. A special case is available for some HP " "autoloaders. If I is the constant B plus a " "number, the number is sent to the drive to control the autoloader." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:331 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:334 msgid "Lock the tape drive door." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:334 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:348 msgid "" "Format the tape into one or two partitions. If I is nonzero, it " "gives the size of the first partition and the second partition contains the " "rest of the tape. If I is zero, the tape is formatted into one " "partition. This command is not allowed for a drive unless the partition " "support is enabled for the drive (see B below)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:348 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:353 msgid "" "No op\\(emflushes the driver's buffer as a side effect. Should be used " "before reading status with B." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:353 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:356 msgid "Rewind and put the drive off line." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:356 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:359 msgid "Reset drive." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:359 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:362 msgid "Re-tension tape." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:362 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:365 msgid "Rewind." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:365 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:377 msgid "" "Seek to the tape block number specified in I. This operation " "requires either a SCSI-2 drive that supports the B command " "(device-specific address) or a Tandberg-compatible SCSI-1 drive (Tandberg, " "Archive Viper, Wangtek, ...). The block number should be one that was " "previously returned by B if device-specific addresses are used." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:377 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:382 msgid "" "Set the drive's block length to the value specified in I. A block " "length of zero sets the drive to variable block size mode." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:382 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:388 msgid "" "Set the tape density to the code in I. The density codes " "supported by a drive can be found from the drive documentation." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:388 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:397 msgid "" "The active partition is switched to I. The partitions are " "numbered from zero. This command is not allowed for a drive unless the " "partition support is enabled for the drive (see B " "below)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:397 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:400 msgid "Execute the SCSI unload command (does not eject the tape)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:400 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:403 msgid "Unlock the tape drive door." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:403 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:408 msgid "Write I filemarks." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:408 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:413 msgid "Write I setmarks." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:415 msgid "Magnetic Tape operations for setting of device options (by the superuser):" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:415 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:424 msgid "" "Set various drive and driver options according to bits encoded in " "I. These consist of the drive's buffering mode, a set of Boolean " "driver options, the buffer write threshold, defaults for the block size and " "density, and timeouts (only in kernels 2.1 and later). A single operation " "can affect only one item in the list above (the Booleans counted as one " "item.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:428 msgid "" "A value having zeros in the high-order 4 bits will be used to set the " "drive's buffering mode. The buffering modes are:" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/st.4:429 #, no-wrap msgid "0" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:434 msgid "" "The drive will not report B status on write commands until the data " "blocks are actually written to the medium." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/st.4:434 #, no-wrap msgid "1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:439 msgid "" "The drive may report B status on write commands as soon as all the " "data has been transferred to the drive's internal buffer." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/st.4:439 #, no-wrap msgid "2" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:446 msgid "" "The drive may report B status on write commands as soon as (a) all the " "data has been transferred to the drive's internal buffer, and (b) all " "buffered data from different initiators has been successfully written to the " "medium." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:457 msgid "" "To control the write threshold the value in I must include the " "constant B bitwise ORed with a block count in the low " "28 bits. The block count refers to 1024-byte blocks, not the physical block " "size on the tape. The threshold cannot exceed the driver's internal buffer " "size (see DESCRIPTION, above)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:478 msgid "" "To set and clear the Boolean options the value in I must include " "one of the constants B, B, " "B, or B bitwise ORed with whatever " "combination of the following options is desired. Using B " "the options can be set to the values defined in the corresponding bits. " "With B the options can be selectively set and with " "B selectively cleared." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:486 msgid "" "The default options for a tape device are set with B. A " "nonactive tape device (e.g., device with minor 32 or 160) is activated when " "the default options for it are defined the first time. An activated device " "inherits from the device activated at start-up the options not set " "explicitly." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:488 msgid "The Boolean options are:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:489 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: true)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:495 msgid "" "Buffer all write operations in fixed-block mode. If this option is false " "and the drive uses a fixed block size, then all write operations must be for " "a multiple of the block size. This option must be set false to write " "reliable multivolume archives." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:495 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: true)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:505 msgid "" "When this option is true, write operations return immediately without " "waiting for the data to be transferred to the drive if the data fits into " "the driver's buffer. The write threshold determines how full the buffer " "must be before a new SCSI write command is issued. Any errors reported by " "the drive will be held until the next operation. This option must be set " "false to write reliable multivolume archives." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:505 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: true)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:511 msgid "" "This option causes the driver to provide read buffering and read-ahead in " "fixed-block mode. If this option is false and the drive uses a fixed block " "size, then all read operations must be for a multiple of the block size." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:511 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: false)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:517 msgid "" "This option modifies the driver behavior when a file is closed. The normal " "action is to write a single filemark. If the option is true, the driver " "will write two filemarks and backspace over the second one." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:526 msgid "" "Note: This option should not be set true for QIC tape drives since they are " "unable to overwrite a filemark. These drives detect the end of recorded " "data by testing for blank tape rather than two consecutive filemarks. Most " "other current drives also detect the end of recorded data and using two " "filemarks is usually necessary only when interchanging tapes with some other " "systems." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:526 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: false)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:532 msgid "" "This option turns on various debugging messages from the driver (effective " "only if the driver was compiled with B defined nonzero)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:532 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: false)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:546 msgid "" "This option causes the B operation to be sent directly to the drive, " "potentially speeding up the operation but causing the driver to lose track " "of the current file number normally returned by the B request. If " "B is false, the driver will respond to an B request " "by forward spacing over files." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:546 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: false)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:550 msgid "" "When this option is true, the drive door is locked when the device is opened " "and unlocked when it is closed." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:550 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: false)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:567 msgid "" "The tape options (block size, mode, compression, etc.) may change when " "changing from one device linked to a drive to another device linked to the " "same drive depending on how the devices are defined. This option defines " "when the changes are enforced by the driver using SCSI-commands and when the " "drives auto-detection capabilities are relied upon. If this option is " "false, the driver sends the SCSI-commands immediately when the device is " "changed. If the option is true, the SCSI-commands are not sent until a " "write is requested. In this case, the drive firmware is allowed to detect " "the tape structure when reading and the SCSI-commands are used only to make " "sure that a tape is written according to the correct specification." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:567 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: false)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:580 msgid "" "When read-ahead is used, the tape must sometimes be spaced backward to the " "correct position when the device is closed and the SCSI command to space " "backward over records is used for this purpose. Some older drives can't " "process this command reliably and this option can be used to instruct the " "driver not to use the command. The end result is that, with read-ahead and " "fixed-block mode, the tape may not be correctly positioned within a file " "when the device is closed. With 2.6 kernel, the default is true for drives " "supporting SCSI-3." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:580 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: false)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:589 msgid "" "Some drives don't accept the B SCSI command. If this is " "used, the driver does not use the command. The drawback is that the driver " "can't check before sending commands if the selected block size is acceptable " "to the drive." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:589 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: false)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:594 msgid "" "This option enables support for several partitions within a tape. The " "option applies to all devices linked to a drive." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:594 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: false)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:609 msgid "" "This option instructs the driver to use the logical block addresses defined " "in the SCSI-2 standard when performing the seek and tell operations (both " "with B and B commands and when changing tape partition). " "Otherwise, the device-specific addresses are used. It is highly advisable " "to set this option if the drive supports the logical addresses because they " "count also filemarks. There are some drives that support only the logical " "block addresses." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:609 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: false)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:620 msgid "" "When this option is enabled, the tape devices use the SystemV semantics. " "Otherwise, the BSD semantics are used. The most important difference " "between the semantics is what happens when a device used for reading is " "closed: in System V semantics the tape is spaced forward past the next " "filemark if this has not happened while using the device. In BSD semantics " "the tape position is not changed." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:620 #, no-wrap msgid "B (Default: false)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:624 msgid "" "Enables immediate mode (i.e., don't wait for the command to finish) for some " "commands (e.g., rewind)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:626 msgid "An example:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:634 #, no-wrap msgid "" "struct mtop mt_cmd;\n" "mt_cmd.mt_op = MTSETDRVBUFFER;\n" "mt_cmd.mt_count = MT_ST_BOOLEANS |\n" " MT_ST_BUFFER_WRITES | MT_ST_ASYNC_WRITES;\n" "ioctl(fd, MTIOCTOP, mt_cmd);\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:644 msgid "" "The default block size for a device can be set with B and " "the default density code can be set with B. The values " "for the parameters are or'ed with the operation code." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:661 msgid "" "With kernels 2.1.x and later, the timeout values can be set with the " "subcommand B ORed with the timeout in seconds. The long " "timeout (used for rewinds and other commands that may take a long time) can " "be set with B. The kernel defaults are very long to " "make sure that a successful command is not timed out with any drive. " "Because of this, the driver may seem stuck even if it is only waiting for " "the timeout. These commands can be used to set more practical values for a " "specific drive. The timeouts set for one device apply for all devices " "linked to the same drive." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:682 msgid "" "Starting from kernels 2.4.19 and 2.5.43, the driver supports a status bit " "which indicates whether the drive requests cleaning. The method used by the " "drive to return cleaning information is set using the B " "subcommand. If the value is zero, the cleaning bit is always zero. If the " "value is one, the TapeAlert data defined in the SCSI-3 standard is used (not " "yet implemented). Values 2-17 are reserved. If the lowest eight bits are " "E= 18, bits from the extended sense data are used. The bits 9-16 " "specify a mask to select the bits to look at and the bits 17-23 specify the " "bit pattern to look for. If the bit pattern is zero, one or more bits under " "the mask indicate the cleaning request. If the pattern is nonzero, the " "pattern must match the masked sense data byte." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/st.4:682 #, no-wrap msgid "MTIOCGET \\(em get status" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:686 msgid "This request takes an argument of type I<(struct mtget\\ *)>." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:701 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/* structure for MTIOCGET - mag tape get status command */\n" "struct mtget {\n" " long mt_type;\n" " long mt_resid;\n" " /* the following registers are device dependent */\n" " long mt_dsreg;\n" " long mt_gstat;\n" " long mt_erreg;\n" " /* The next two fields are not always used */\n" " daddr_t mt_fileno;\n" " daddr_t mt_blkno;\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/st.4:703 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:712 msgid "" "The header file defines many values for I, but the current driver " "reports only the generic types B (Generic SCSI-1 tape) and " "B (Generic SCSI-2 tape)." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/st.4:712 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:714 msgid "contains the current tape partition number." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/st.4:714 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:723 msgid "" "reports the drive's current settings for block size (in the low 24 bits) and " "density (in the high 8 bits). These fields are defined by " "B, B, B, and " "B." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/st.4:723 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:726 msgid "" "reports generic (device independent) status information. The header file " "defines macros for testing these status bits:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:733 msgid "" "B(I): The tape is positioned just after a filemark (always false " "after an B operation)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:739 msgid "" "B(I): The tape is positioned at the beginning of the first file " "(always false after an B operation)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:742 msgid "B(I): A tape operation has reached the physical End Of Tape." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:748 msgid "" "B(I): The tape is currently positioned at a setmark (always false " "after an B operation)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:751 msgid "B(I): The tape is positioned at the end of recorded data." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:756 msgid "" "B(I): The drive is write-protected. For some drives this " "can also mean that the drive does not support writing on the current medium " "type." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:761 msgid "" "B(I): The last B(2) found the drive with a tape in " "place and ready for operation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:765 msgid "" "B(I), B(I), B(I): This " "\\(lqgeneric\\(rq status information reports the current density setting for " "9-track \\(12\" tape drives only." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:768 msgid "B(I): The drive does not have a tape in place." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:776 msgid "" "B(I): Immediate report mode. This bit is set if there are " "no guarantees that the data has been physically written to the tape when the " "write call returns. It is set zero only when the driver does not buffer " "data and the drive is set not to buffer data." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:780 msgid "" "B(I): The drive has requested cleaning. Implemented in kernels " "since 2.4.19 and 2.5.43." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/st.4:781 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:791 msgid "" "The only field defined in I is the recovered error count in the " "low 16 bits (as defined by B and " "B. Due to inconsistencies in the way drives report " "recovered errors, this count is often not maintained (most drives do not by " "default report soft errors but this can be changed with a SCSI MODE SELECT " "command)." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/st.4:791 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:797 msgid "" "reports the current file number (zero-based). This value is set to -1 when " "the file number is unknown (e.g., after B or B)." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man4/st.4:797 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:804 msgid "" "reports the block number (zero-based) within the current file. This value " "is set to -1 when the block number is unknown (e.g., after B, " "B, or B)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/st.4:804 #, no-wrap msgid "MTIOCPOS \\(em get tape position" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:818 msgid "" "This request takes an argument of type I<(struct mtpos\\ *)> and reports the " "drive's notion of the current tape block number, which is not the same as " "I returned by B. This drive must be a SCSI-2 drive that " "supports the B command (device-specific address) or a " "Tandberg-compatible SCSI-1 drive (Tandberg, Archive Viper, Wangtek, ... )." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:825 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/* structure for MTIOCPOS - mag tape get position command */\n" "struct mtpos {\n" " long mt_blkno; /* current block number */\n" "};\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:834 msgid "" "An attempt was made to write or erase a write-protected tape. (This error " "is not detected during B(2).)" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:834 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:838 msgid "The device is already in use or the driver was unable to allocate a buffer." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:842 msgid "The command parameters point to memory not belonging to the calling process." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:847 msgid "" "An B(2) had an invalid argument, or a requested block size was " "invalid." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:847 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:850 msgid "The requested operation could not be completed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:857 msgid "" "The byte count in B(2) is smaller than the next physical block on the " "tape. (Before 2.2.18 and 2.4.0-test6 the extra bytes have been silently " "ignored.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:861 msgid "" "A write operation could not be completed because the tape reached " "end-of-medium." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:861 build/C/man2/syslog.2:355 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:865 msgid "Unknown B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:865 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:868 msgid "During opening, the tape device does not exist." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:868 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:872 msgid "" "An attempt was made to read or write a variable-length block that is larger " "than the driver's internal buffer." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:879 msgid "" "Open is attempted with B or B when the tape in the drive " "is write-protected." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:880 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:883 msgid "the auto-rewind SCSI tape devices" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/st.4:883 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHOR #. The driver has been written by Kai M\(:akisara (Kai.Makisara@metla.fi) #. starting from a driver written by Dwayne Forsyth. #. Several other #. people have also contributed to the driver. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:891 msgid "the nonrewind SCSI tape devices" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:912 msgid "" "When exchanging data between systems, both systems have to agree on the " "physical tape block size. The parameters of a drive after startup are often " "not the ones most operating systems use with these devices. Most systems " "use drives in variable-block mode if the drive supports that mode. This " "applies to most modern drives, including DATs, 8mm helical scan drives, " "DLTs, etc. It may be advisable to use these drives in variable-block mode " "also in Linux (i.e., use B or B at system startup to " "set the mode), at least when exchanging data with a foreign system. The " "drawback of this is that a fairly large tape block size has to be used to " "get acceptable data transfer rates on the SCSI bus." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:919 msgid "" "Many programs (e.g., B(1)) allow the user to specify the blocking " "factor on the command line. Note that this determines the physical block " "size on tape only in variable-block mode." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:926 msgid "" "In order to use SCSI tape drives, the basic SCSI driver, a SCSI-adapter " "driver and the SCSI tape driver must be either configured into the kernel or " "loaded as modules. If the SCSI-tape driver is not present, the drive is " "recognized but the tape support described in this page is not available." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:931 msgid "" "The driver writes error messages to the console/log. The SENSE codes " "written into some messages are automatically translated to text if verbose " "SCSI messages are enabled in kernel configuration." msgstr "" #. .SH COPYRIGHT #. Copyright \(co 1995 Robert K. Nichols. #. .br #. Copyright \(co 1999-2005 Kai M\(:akisara. #. .PP #. %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM) #. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this #. manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are #. preserved on all copies. #. Additional permissions are contained in the header of the source file. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:954 msgid "" "The driver's internal buffering allows good throughput in fixed-block mode " "also with small B(2) and B(2) byte counts. With direct " "transfers this is not possible and may cause a surprise when moving to the " "2.6 kernel. The solution is to tell the software to use larger transfers " "(often telling it to use larger blocks). If this is not possible, direct " "transfers can be disabled." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:956 msgid "B(1)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/st.4:964 msgid "" "The file I or I (kernel " "E= 2.6) in the Linux kernel source tree contains the most recent " "information about the driver and its configuration possibilities" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:43 #, no-wrap msgid "STDARG" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:43 #, no-wrap msgid "2013-12-10" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:46 msgid "stdarg, va_start, va_arg, va_end, va_copy - variable argument lists" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:48 build/C/man3/syslog.3:49 msgid "B<#include Estdarg.hE>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:50 msgid "BIB<, >IB<);>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:52 msgid "IB< va_arg(va_list >IB<, >IB<);>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:54 msgid "BIB<);>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:56 msgid "BIB<, va_list >IB<);>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:65 msgid "" "A function may be called with a varying number of arguments of varying " "types. The include file Istdarg.hE> declares a type I " "and defines three macros for stepping through a list of arguments whose " "number and types are not known to the called function." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:73 msgid "" "The called function must declare an object of type I which is used " "by the macros B(), B(), and B()." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:73 #, no-wrap msgid "va_start()" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:83 msgid "" "The B() macro initializes I for subsequent use by B() " "and B(), and must be called first." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:88 msgid "" "The argument I is the name of the last argument before the variable " "argument list, that is, the last argument of which the calling function " "knows the type." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:93 msgid "" "Because the address of this argument may be used in the B() " "macro, it should not be declared as a register variable, or as a function or " "an array type." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:93 #, no-wrap msgid "va_arg()" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:115 msgid "" "The B() macro expands to an expression that has the type and value " "of the next argument in the call. The argument I is the I " "I initialized by B(). Each call to B() modifies " "I so that the next call returns the next argument. The argument I " "is a type name specified so that the type of a pointer to an object that has " "the specified type can be obtained simply by adding a * to I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:123 msgid "" "The first use of the B() macro after that of the B() " "macro returns the argument after I. Successive invocations return the " "values of the remaining arguments." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:128 msgid "" "If there is no next argument, or if I is not compatible with the type " "of the actual next argument (as promoted according to the default argument " "promotions), random errors will occur." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:136 msgid "" "If I is passed to a function that uses BIB<,>IB<),> " "then the value of I is undefined after the return of that function." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:136 #, no-wrap msgid "va_end()" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:155 msgid "" "Each invocation of B() must be matched by a corresponding " "invocation of B() in the same function. After the call " "BIB<)> the variable I is undefined. Multiple traversals of " "the list, each bracketed by B() and B() are possible. " "B() may be a macro or a function." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:155 #, no-wrap msgid "va_copy()" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:172 msgid "" "The B() macro copies the (previously initialized) variable " "argument list I to I. The behavior is as if B() were " "applied to I with the same I argument, followed by the same " "number of B() invocations that was used to reach the current state " "of I." msgstr "" #. Proposal from clive@demon.net, 1997-02-28 #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:179 msgid "" "An obvious implementation would have a I be a pointer to the stack " "frame of the variadic function. In such a setup (by far the most common) " "there seems nothing against an assignment" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:183 #, no-wrap msgid "va_list aq = ap;\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:188 msgid "" "Unfortunately, there are also systems that make it an array of pointers (of " "length 1), and there one needs" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:193 #, no-wrap msgid "" "va_list aq;\n" "*aq = *ap;\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:209 msgid "" "Finally, on systems where arguments are passed in registers, it may be " "necessary for B() to allocate memory, store the arguments there, " "and also an indication of which argument is next, so that B() can " "step through the list. Now B() can free the allocated memory " "again. To accommodate this situation, C99 adds a macro B(), so " "that the above assignment can be replaced by" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:216 #, no-wrap msgid "" "va_list aq;\n" "va_copy(aq, ap);\n" "\\&...\n" "va_end(aq);\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:229 msgid "" "Each invocation of B() must be matched by a corresponding " "invocation of B() in the same function. Some systems that do not " "supply B() have B<__va_copy> instead, since that was the name used " "in the draft proposal." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:238 msgid "" "The B(), B(), B(), and B() macros are " "thread-safe." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:248 msgid "" "The B(), B(), and B() macros conform to C89. C99 " "defines the B() macro." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:254 msgid "" "These macros are I compatible with the historic macros they replace. A " "backward-compatible version can be found in the include file " "Ivarargs.hE>." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:256 msgid "The historic setup is:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:260 #, no-wrap msgid "#include Evarargs.hE\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:266 #, no-wrap msgid "" "void\n" "foo(va_alist)\n" " va_dcl\n" "{\n" " va_list ap;\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:275 #, no-wrap msgid "" " va_start(ap);\n" " while (...) {\n" " ...\n" " x = va_arg(ap, type);\n" " ...\n" " }\n" " va_end(ap);\n" "}\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:284 msgid "" "On some systems, I contains a closing \\(aq}\\(aq matching a " "\\(aq{\\(aq in I, so that both macros must occur in the same " "function, and in a way that allows this." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:300 msgid "" "Unlike the B macros, the B macros do not permit programmers " "to code a function with no fixed arguments. This problem generates work " "mainly when converting B code to B code, but it also " "creates difficulties for variadic functions that wish to pass all of their " "arguments on to a function that takes a I argument, such as " "B(3)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:305 msgid "" "The function I takes a string of format characters and prints out the " "argument associated with each format character based on the type." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:309 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#include Estdio.hE\n" "#include Estdarg.hE\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:316 #, no-wrap msgid "" "void\n" "foo(char *fmt, ...)\n" "{\n" " va_list ap;\n" " int d;\n" " char c, *s;\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/stdarg.3:337 #, no-wrap msgid "" " va_start(ap, fmt);\n" " while (*fmt)\n" " switch (*fmt++) {\n" " case \\(aqs\\(aq: /* string */\n" " s = va_arg(ap, char *);\n" " printf(\"string %s\\en\", s);\n" " break;\n" " case \\(aqd\\(aq: /* int */\n" " d = va_arg(ap, int);\n" " printf(\"int %d\\en\", d);\n" " break;\n" " case \\(aqc\\(aq: /* char */\n" " /* need a cast here since va_arg only\n" " takes fully promoted types */\n" " c = (char) va_arg(ap, int);\n" " printf(\"char %c\\en\", c);\n" " break;\n" " }\n" " va_end(ap);\n" "}\n" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:33 build/C/man3/syslog.3:36 #, no-wrap msgid "SYSLOG" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:37 msgid "" "syslog, klogctl - read and/or clear kernel message ring buffer; set " "console_loglevel" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:41 #, no-wrap msgid "" "BIB<, char *>IB<, int >IB<);>\n" "B\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:43 #, no-wrap msgid "/* The glibc interface */\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:45 #, no-wrap msgid "B<#include Esys/klog.hE>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:47 #, no-wrap msgid "BIB<, char *>IB<, int >IB<);>\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:57 msgid "" "I: Probably, you are looking for the C library function B(), " "which talks to B(8); see B(3) for details." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:64 msgid "" "This page describes the kernel B() system call, which is used to " "control the kernel I() buffer; the glibc wrapper function for the " "system call is called B()." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:64 #, no-wrap msgid "The kernel log buffer" msgstr "" #. Under "General setup" ==> "Kernel log buffer size" #. For 2.6, precisely the option seems to have appeared in 2.5.55. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:81 msgid "" "The kernel has a cyclic buffer of length B in which messages " "given as arguments to the kernel function B() are stored " "(regardless of their log level). In early kernels, B had the " "value 4096; from kernel 1.3.54, it was 8192; from kernel 2.1.113, it was " "16384; since kernel 2.4.23/2.6, the value is a kernel configuration option " "(B, default value dependent on the architecture). " "Since Linux 2.6.6, the size can be queried with command type 10 (see below)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:81 #, no-wrap msgid "Commands" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:88 msgid "" "The I argument determines the action taken by this function. The list " "below specifies the values for I. The symbolic names are defined in " "the kernel source, but are not exported to user space; you will either need " "to use the numbers, or define the names yourself." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:88 #, no-wrap msgid "B (0)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:92 msgid "Close the log. Currently a NOP." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:92 #, no-wrap msgid "B (1)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:96 msgid "Open the log. Currently a NOP." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:96 #, no-wrap msgid "B (2)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:108 msgid "" "Read from the log. The call waits until the kernel log buffer is nonempty, " "and then reads at most I bytes into the buffer pointed to by I. " "The call returns the number of bytes read. Bytes read from the log " "disappear from the log buffer: the information can be read only once. This " "is the function executed by the kernel when a user program reads " "I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:108 #, no-wrap msgid "B (3)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:118 msgid "" "Read all messages remaining in the ring buffer, placing them in the buffer " "pointed to by I. The call reads the last I bytes from the log " "buffer (nondestructively), but will not read more than was written into the " "buffer since the last \"clear ring buffer\" command (see command 5 below)). " "The call returns the number of bytes read." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:118 #, no-wrap msgid "B (4)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:124 msgid "" "Read and clear all messages remaining in the ring buffer. The call does " "precisely the same as for a I of 3, but also executes the \"clear ring " "buffer\" command." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:124 #, no-wrap msgid "B (5)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:132 msgid "" "The call executes just the \"clear ring buffer\" command. The I and " "I arguments are ignored." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:143 msgid "" "This command does not really clear the ring buffer. Rather, it sets a " "kernel bookkeeping variable that determines the results returned by commands " "3 (B) and 4 (B). This " "command has no effect on commands 2 (B) and 9 " "(B)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:143 #, no-wrap msgid "B (6)" msgstr "" #. commit 1aaad49e856ce41adc07d8ae0c8ef35fc4483245 #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:161 msgid "" "The command saves the current value of I and then sets " "I to I, so that no messages are " "printed to the console. Before Linux 2.6.32, the command simply sets " "I to I. See the discussion of " "I, below." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:167 build/C/man2/syslog.2:190 msgid "The I and I arguments are ignored." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:167 #, no-wrap msgid "B (7)" msgstr "" #. commit 1aaad49e856ce41adc07d8ae0c8ef35fc4483245 #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:184 msgid "" "If a previous B command has been performed, this " "command restores I to the value that was saved by that " "command. Before Linux 2.6.32, this command simply sets I " "to I. See the discussion of " "I, below." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:190 #, no-wrap msgid "B (8)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:207 msgid "" "The call sets I to the value given in I, which must " "be an integer between 1 and 8 (inclusive). The kernel silently enforces a " "minimum value of I for I. See the I section for details. The I argument is ignored." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:207 #, no-wrap msgid "B (9) (since Linux 2.4.10)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:218 msgid "" "The call returns the number of bytes currently available to be read from the " "kernel log buffer via command 2 (B). The I and " "I arguments are ignored." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:218 #, no-wrap msgid "B (10) (since Linux 2.6.6)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:226 msgid "" "This command returns the total size of the kernel log buffer. The I " "and I arguments are ignored." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:245 msgid "" "All commands except 3 and 10 require privilege. In Linux kernels before " "2.6.37, command types 3 and 10 are allowed to unprivileged processes; since " "Linux 2.6.37, these commands are allowed to unprivileged processes only if " "I has the value 0. Before Linux 2.6.37, " "\"privileged\" means that the caller has the B capability. " "Since Linux 2.6.37, \"privileged\" means that the caller has either the " "B capability (now deprecated for this purpose) or the (new) " "B capability." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:245 #, no-wrap msgid "/proc/sys/kernel/printk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:251 msgid "" "I is a writable file containing four integer values " "that influence kernel I behavior when printing or logging error " "messages. The four values are:" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:251 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. since Linux 2.4 #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:269 msgid "" "Only messages with a log level lower than this value will be printed to the " "console. The default value for this field is B " "(7), but it is set to 4 if the kernel command line contains the word " "\"quiet\", 10 if the kernel command line contains the word \"debug\", and to " "15 in case of a kernel fault (the 10 and 15 are just silly, and equivalent " "to 8). The value of I can be set (to a value in the range " "1-8) by a B() call with a I of 8." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:269 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. commit 5af5bcb8d37f99ba415a1adc6da71051b84f93a5 #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:282 msgid "" "This value will be used as the log level for I messages that do " "not have an explicit level. Up to and including Linux 2.6.38, the " "hard-coded default value for this field was 4 (B); since Linux " "2.6.39, the default value is a defined by the kernel configuration option " "B, which defaults to 4." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:282 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:287 msgid "" "The value in this field is the minimum value to which I " "can be set." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:287 #, no-wrap msgid "I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:293 msgid "This is the default value for I." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:293 #, no-wrap msgid "The log level" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:301 msgid "" "Every I() message has its own log level. If the log level is not " "explicitly specified as part of the message, it defaults to " "I. The conventional meaning of the log level is " "as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:305 #, no-wrap msgid "Kernel constant\tLevel value\tMeaning\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:306 #, no-wrap msgid "KERN_EMERG\t0\tSystem is unusable\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:307 #, no-wrap msgid "KERN_ALERT\t1\tAction must be taken immediately\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:308 #, no-wrap msgid "KERN_CRIT\t2\tCritical conditions\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:309 #, no-wrap msgid "KERN_ERR\t3\tError conditions\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:310 #, no-wrap msgid "KERN_WARNING\t4\tWarning conditions\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:311 #, no-wrap msgid "KERN_NOTICE\t5\tNormal but significant condition\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:312 #, no-wrap msgid "KERN_INFO\t6\tInformational\n" msgstr "" #. type: tbl table #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:313 #, no-wrap msgid "KERN_DEBUG\t7\tDebug-level messages\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:321 msgid "" "The kernel I routine will print a message on the console only if " "it has a log level less than the value of I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:334 msgid "" "For I equal to 2, 3, or 4, a successful call to B() returns " "the number of bytes read. For I 9, B() returns the number of " "bytes currently available to be read on the kernel log buffer. For I " "10, B() returns the total size of the kernel log buffer. For other " "values of I, 0 is returned on success." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:337 msgid "In case of error, -1 is returned, and I is set to indicate the error." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:355 msgid "" "Bad arguments (e.g., bad I; or for I 2, 3, or 4, I is NULL, " "or I is less than zero; or for I 8, the I is outside the " "range 1 to 8)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:362 msgid "" "This B() system call is not available, because the kernel was " "compiled with the B kernel-configuration option disabled." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:373 msgid "" "An attempt was made to change I or clear the kernel " "message ring buffer by a process without sufficient privilege (more " "precisely: without the B or B capability)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:373 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:377 msgid "" "System call was interrupted by a signal; nothing was read. (This can be " "seen only during a trace.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:380 msgid "" "This system call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs " "intended to be portable." msgstr "" #. In libc4 and libc5 the number of this call was defined by #. .BR SYS_klog . #. In glibc 2.0 the syscall is baptized #. .BR klogctl (). #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:388 msgid "" "From the very start, people noted that it is unfortunate that a system call " "and a library routine of the same name are entirely different animals." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man2/syslog.2:391 msgid "B(3), B(7)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man3/syslog.3:36 #, no-wrap msgid "2012-08-17" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/syslog.3:39 msgid "closelog, openlog, syslog, vsyslog - send messages to the system logger" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/syslog.3:41 msgid "B<#include Esyslog.hE>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man3/syslog.3:43 msgid "" "BIB<, int >I

)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:314 msgid "" "This refers to local online manual (man) reference pages. The command name " "can optionally be followed by a parenthesis and section number; see " "B(7) for more information on the meaning of the section numbers. This " "URI scheme is unique to UNIX-like systems (such as Linux) and is not " "currently registered by the IETF. An example is Eman:ls(1)E." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:316 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:318 msgid "info:I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:320 msgid "info:I#I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:322 msgid "info:(I)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:324 msgid "info:(I)I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:343 msgid "" "This scheme refers to online info reference pages (generated from texinfo " "files), a documentation format used by programs such as the GNU tools. This " "URI scheme is unique to UNIX-like systems (such as Linux) and is not " "currently registered by the IETF. As of this writing, GNOME and KDE differ " "in their URI syntax and do not accept the other's syntax. The first two " "formats are the GNOME format; in nodenames all spaces are written as " "underscores. The second two formats are the KDE format; spaces in nodenames " "must be written as spaces, even though this is forbidden by the URI " "standards. It's hoped that in the future most tools will understand all of " "these formats and will always accept underscores for spaces in nodenames. " "In both GNOME and KDE, if the form without the nodename is used the nodename " "is assumed to be \"Top\". Examples of the GNOME format are " "Einfo:gccE and Einfo:gcc#G++_and_GCCE. Examples of the KDE " "format are Einfo:(gcc)E and Einfo:(gcc)G++ and GCCE." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:345 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:347 msgid "whatis:I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:355 msgid "" "This scheme searches the database of short (one-line) descriptions of " "commands and returns a list of descriptions containing that string. Only " "complete word matches are returned. See B(1). This URI scheme is " "unique to UNIX-like systems (such as Linux) and is not currently registered " "by the IETF." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:357 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:359 msgid "ghelp:I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:362 msgid "" "This loads GNOME help for the given application. Note that not much " "documentation currently exists in this format." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:364 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:366 msgid "ldap://I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:368 msgid "ldap://I/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:370 msgid "ldap://I/I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:372 msgid "ldap://I/I?I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:374 msgid "ldap://I/I?I?I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:376 msgid "ldap://I/I?I?I?I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:378 msgid "ldap://I/I?I?I?I?I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:389 msgid "" "This scheme supports queries to the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol " "(LDAP), a protocol for querying a set of servers for hierarchically " "organized information (such as people and computing resources). See E<.UR " "http://www.ietf.org\\:/rfc\\:/rfc2255.txt> RFC\\ 2255 E<.UE> for more " "information on the LDAP URL scheme. The components of this URL are:" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man7/uri.7:389 #, no-wrap msgid "hostport" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:394 msgid "" "the LDAP server to query, written as a hostname optionally followed by a " "colon and the port number. The default LDAP port is TCP port 389. If " "empty, the client determines which the LDAP server to use." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man7/uri.7:394 #, no-wrap msgid "dn" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:401 msgid "" "the LDAP Distinguished Name, which identifies the base object of the LDAP " "search (see E<.UR http://www.ietf.org\\:/rfc\\:/rfc2253.txt> RFC\\ 2253 " "E<.UE> section 3)." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man7/uri.7:401 #, no-wrap msgid "attributes" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:405 msgid "" "a comma-separated list of attributes to be returned; see RFC\\ 2251 section " "4.1.5. If omitted, all attributes should be returned." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man7/uri.7:405 #, no-wrap msgid "scope" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:410 msgid "" "specifies the scope of the search, which can be one of \"base\" (for a base " "object search), \"one\" (for a one-level search), or \"sub\" (for a subtree " "search). If scope is omitted, \"base\" is assumed." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man7/uri.7:410 #, no-wrap msgid "filter" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:419 msgid "" "specifies the search filter (subset of entries to return). If omitted, all " "entries should be returned. See E<.UR " "http://www.ietf.org\\:/rfc\\:/rfc2254.txt> RFC\\ 2254 E<.UE> section 4." msgstr "" #. type: IP #: build/C/man7/uri.7:419 #, no-wrap msgid "extensions" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:425 msgid "" "a comma-separated list of type=value pairs, where the =value portion may be " "omitted for options not requiring it. An extension prefixed with a " "\\(aq!\\(aq is critical (must be supported to be valid), otherwise it is " "noncritical (optional)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:429 msgid "" "LDAP queries are easiest to explain by example. Here's a query that asks " "ldap.itd.umich.edu for information about the University of Michigan in the " "U.S.:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:432 #, no-wrap msgid "ldap://ldap.itd.umich.edu/o=University%20of%20Michigan,c=US\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:435 msgid "To just get its postal address attribute, request:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:438 #, no-wrap msgid "ldap://ldap.itd.umich.edu/o=University%20of%20Michigan,c=US?postalAddress\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:442 msgid "" "To ask a host.com at port 6666 for information about the person with common " "name (cn) \"Babs Jensen\" at University of Michigan, request:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:445 #, no-wrap msgid "ldap://host.com:6666/o=University%20of%20Michigan,c=US??sub?(cn=Babs%20Jensen)\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:448 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:450 msgid "wais://I/I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:452 msgid "wais://I/I?I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:454 msgid "wais://I/I/I/I" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:463 msgid "" "This scheme designates a WAIS database, search, or document (see E<.UR " "http://www.ietf.org\\:/rfc\\:/rfc1625.txt> IETF RFC\\ 1625 E<.UE> for more " "information on WAIS). Hostport is the hostname, optionally followed by a " "colon and port number (the default port number is 210)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:473 msgid "" "The first form designates a WAIS database for searching. The second form " "designates a particular search of the WAIS database I. The third " "form designates a particular document within a WAIS database to be " "retrieved. I is the WAIS designation of the type of the object and " "I is the WAIS document-id." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:475 msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:489 msgid "" "There are many other URI schemes. Most tools that accept URIs support a set " "of internal URIs (e.g., Mozilla has the about: scheme for internal " "information, and the GNOME help browser has the toc: scheme for various " "starting locations). There are many schemes that have been defined but are " "not as widely used at the current time (e.g., prospero). The nntp: scheme " "is deprecated in favor of the news: scheme. URNs are to be supported by the " "urn: scheme, with a hierarchical name space (e.g., urn:ietf:... would " "identify IETF documents); at this time URNs are not widely implemented. Not " "all tools support all schemes." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/uri.7:489 #, no-wrap msgid "Character encoding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:493 msgid "" "URIs use a limited number of characters so that they can be typed in and " "used in a variety of situations." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:497 msgid "" "The following characters are reserved, that is, they may appear in a URI but " "their use is limited to their reserved purpose (conflicting data must be " "escaped before forming the URI):" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:499 #, no-wrap msgid " ; / ? : @ & = + $ ,\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:505 msgid "" "Unreserved characters may be included in a URI. Unreserved characters " "include uppercase and lowercase English letters, decimal digits, and the " "following limited set of punctuation marks and symbols:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:507 #, no-wrap msgid " - _ . ! ~ * ' ( )\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:522 msgid "" "All other characters must be escaped. An escaped octet is encoded as a " "character triplet, consisting of the percent character \"%\" followed by the " "two hexadecimal digits representing the octet code (you can use uppercase or " "lowercase letters for the hexadecimal digits). For example, a blank space " "must be escaped as \"%20\", a tab character as \"%09\", and the \"&\" as " "\"%26\". Because the percent \"%\" character always has the reserved " "purpose of being the escape indicator, it must be escaped as \"%25\". It is " "common practice to escape space characters as the plus symbol (+) in query " "text; this practice isn't uniformly defined in the relevant RFCs (which " "recommend %20 instead) but any tool accepting URIs with query text should be " "prepared for them. A URI is always shown in its \"escaped\" form." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:528 msgid "" "Unreserved characters can be escaped without changing the semantics of the " "URI, but this should not be done unless the URI is being used in a context " "that does not allow the unescaped character to appear. For example, \"%7e\" " "is sometimes used instead of \"~\" in an HTTP URL path, but the two are " "equivalent for an HTTP URL." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:532 msgid "" "For URIs which must handle characters outside the US ASCII character set, " "the HTML 4.01 specification (section B.2) and IETF RFC\\ 2718 (section " "2.2.5) recommend the following approach:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:536 msgid "" "translate the character sequences into UTF-8 (IETF RFC\\ 2279)\\(emsee " "B(7)\\(emand then" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:539 msgid "" "use the URI escaping mechanism, that is, use the %HH encoding for unsafe " "octets." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/uri.7:539 #, no-wrap msgid "Writing a URI" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:562 msgid "" "When written, URIs should be placed inside double quotes (e.g., " "\"http://www.kernelnotes.org\"), enclosed in angle brackets (e.g., " "Ehttp://lwn.netE), or placed on a line by themselves. A warning for " "those who use double-quotes: B move extraneous punctuation (such as " "the period ending a sentence or the comma in a list) inside a URI, since " "this will change the value of the URI. Instead, use angle brackets instead, " "or switch to a quoting system that never includes extraneous characters " "inside quotation marks. This latter system, called the 'new' or 'logical' " "quoting system by \"Hart's Rules\" and the \"Oxford Dictionary for Writers " "and Editors\", is preferred practice in Great Britain and hackers worldwide " "(see the Jargon File's section on Hacker Writing Style, E<.UR " "http://www.fwi.uva.nl\\:/~mes\\:/jargon\\:/h\\:/HackerWritingStyle.html> " "E<.UE ,> for more information). Older documents suggested inserting the " "prefix \"URL:\" just before the URI, but this form has never caught on." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:584 msgid "" "The URI syntax was designed to be unambiguous. However, as URIs have become " "commonplace, traditional media (television, radio, newspapers, billboards, " "etc.) have increasingly used abbreviated URI references consisting of only " "the authority and path portions of the identified resource (e.g., " "Ewww.w3.org/AddressingE). Such references are primarily intended " "for human interpretation rather than machine, with the assumption that " "context-based heuristics are sufficient to complete the URI (e.g., hostnames " "beginning with \"www\" are likely to have a URI prefix of \"http://\" and " "hostnames beginning with \"ftp\" likely to have a prefix of \"ftp://\"). " "Many client implementations heuristically resolve these references. Such " "heuristics may change over time, particularly when new schemes are " "introduced. Since an abbreviated URI has the same syntax as a relative URL " "path, abbreviated URI references cannot be used where relative URIs are " "permitted, and can be used only when there is no defined base (such as in " "dialog boxes). Don't use abbreviated URIs as hypertext links inside a " "document; use the standard format as described here." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:592 msgid "" "E<.UR http://www.ietf.org\\:/rfc\\:/rfc2396.txt> (IETF RFC\\ 2396) E<.UE ,> " "E<.UR http://www.w3.org\\:/TR\\:/REC-html40> (HTML 4.0) E<.UE .>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:598 msgid "" "Any tool accepting URIs (e.g., a web browser) on a Linux system should be " "able to handle (directly or indirectly) all of the schemes described here, " "including the man: and info: schemes. Handling them by invoking some other " "program is fine and in fact encouraged." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:600 msgid "Technically the fragment isn't part of the URI." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:609 msgid "" "For information on how to embed URIs (including URLs) in a data format, see " "documentation on that format. HTML uses the format EA " "HREF=\"I\"E I E/AE. Texinfo files use the format " "@uref{I}. Man and mdoc have the recently added UR macro, or just " "include the URI in the text (viewers should be able to detect :// as part of " "a URI)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:630 msgid "" "The GNOME and KDE desktop environments currently vary in the URIs they " "accept, in particular in their respective help browsers. To list man pages, " "GNOME uses Etoc:manE while KDE uses Eman:(index)E, and to " "list info pages, GNOME uses Etoc:infoE while KDE uses " "Einfo:(dir)E (the author of this man page prefers the KDE approach " "here, though a more regular format would be even better). In general, KDE " "uses Efile:/cgi-bin/E as a prefix to a set of generated files. KDE " "prefers documentation in HTML, accessed via the " "Efile:/cgi-bin/helpindexE. GNOME prefers the ghelp scheme to store " "and find documentation. Neither browser handles file: references to " "directories at the time of this writing, making it difficult to refer to an " "entire directory with a browsable URI. As noted above, these environments " "differ in how they handle the info: scheme, probably the most important " "variation. It is expected that GNOME and KDE will converge to common URI " "formats, and a future version of this man page will describe the converged " "result. Efforts to aid this convergence are encouraged." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man7/uri.7:630 #, no-wrap msgid "Security" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:640 msgid "" "A URI does not in itself pose a security threat. There is no general " "guarantee that a URL, which at one time located a given resource, will " "continue to do so. Nor is there any guarantee that a URL will not locate a " "different resource at some later point in time; such a guarantee can be " "obtained only from the person(s) controlling that namespace and the resource " "in question." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:655 msgid "" "It is sometimes possible to construct a URL such that an attempt to perform " "a seemingly harmless operation, such as the retrieval of an entity " "associated with the resource, will in fact cause a possibly damaging remote " "operation to occur. The unsafe URL is typically constructed by specifying a " "port number other than that reserved for the network protocol in question. " "The client unwittingly contacts a site that is in fact running a different " "protocol. The content of the URL contains instructions that, when " "interpreted according to this other protocol, cause an unexpected " "operation. An example has been the use of a gopher URL to cause an " "unintended or impersonating message to be sent via a SMTP server." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:659 msgid "" "Caution should be used when using any URL that specifies a port number other " "than the default for the protocol, especially when it is a number within the " "reserved space." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:667 msgid "" "Care should be taken when a URI contains escaped delimiters for a given " "protocol (for example, CR and LF characters for telnet protocols) that these " "are not unescaped before transmission. This might violate the protocol, but " "avoids the potential for such characters to be used to simulate an extra " "operation or parameter in that protocol, which might lead to an unexpected " "and possibly harmful remote operation to be performed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:673 msgid "" "It is clearly unwise to use a URI that contains a password which is intended " "to be secret. In particular, the use of a password within the \"userinfo\" " "component of a URI is strongly recommended against except in those rare " "cases where the \"password\" parameter is intended to be public." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:695 msgid "" "Documentation may be placed in a variety of locations, so there currently " "isn't a good URI scheme for general online documentation in arbitrary " "formats. References of the form Efile:///usr/doc/ZZZE don't work " "because different distributions and local installation requirements may " "place the files in different directories (it may be in /usr/doc, or " "/usr/local/doc, or /usr/share, or somewhere else). Also, the directory ZZZ " "usually changes when a version changes (though filename globbing could " "partially overcome this). Finally, using the file: scheme doesn't easily " "support people who dynamically load documentation from the Internet (instead " "of loading the files onto a local filesystem). A future URI scheme may be " "added (e.g., \"userdoc:\") to permit programs to include cross-references to " "more detailed documentation without having to know the exact location of " "that documentation. Alternatively, a future version of the filesystem " "specification may specify file locations sufficiently so that the file: " "scheme will be able to locate documentation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:698 msgid "" "Many programs and file formats don't include a way to incorporate or " "implement links using URIs." msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHOR #. David A. Wheeler (dwheeler@dwheeler.com) wrote this man page. #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:706 msgid "" "Many programs can't handle all of these different URI formats; there should " "be a standard mechanism to load an arbitrary URI that automatically detects " "the users' environment (e.g., text or graphics, desktop environment, local " "user preferences, and currently executing tools) and invokes the right tool " "for any URI." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:711 msgid "B(1), B(1), B(7), B(7)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man7/uri.7:715 msgid "E<.UR http://www.ietf.org\\:/rfc\\:/rfc2255.txt> IETF RFC\\ 2255 E<.UE>" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:29 #, no-wrap msgid "VCS" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:29 #, no-wrap msgid "2007-12-17" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:32 msgid "vcs, vcsa - virtual console memory" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:38 msgid "" "I is a character device with major number 7 and minor number 0, " "usually of mode 0644 and owner root.tty. It refers to the memory of the " "currently displayed virtual console terminal." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:58 msgid "" "I are character devices for virtual console terminals, they " "have major number 7 and minor number 1 to 63, usually mode 0644 and owner " "root.tty. I are the same, but using Is (in " "host byte order) that include attributes, and prefixed with four bytes " "giving the screen dimensions and cursor position: I, I, " "I, I. (I = I = 0 at the top left corner of the screen.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:72 msgid "" "When a 512-character font is loaded, the 9th bit position can be fetched by " "applying the B(2) B operation (available in Linux " "kernels 2.6.18 and above) on I; the value is returned in " "the I pointed to by the third B(2) argument." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:79 msgid "" "These devices replace the screendump B(2) operations of " "B(4), so the system administrator can control access using " "filesystem permissions." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:81 msgid "The devices for the first eight virtual consoles may be created by:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:88 #, no-wrap msgid "" " for x in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; do\n" " mknod -m 644 /dev/vcs$x c 7 $x;\n" " mknod -m 644 /dev/vcsa$x c 7 $[$x+128];\n" " done\n" " chown root:tty /dev/vcs*\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:93 msgid "No B(2) requests are supported." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:95 msgid "/dev/vcs[0-63]" msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHOR #. Andries Brouwer #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:99 msgid "/dev/vcsa[0-63]" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:101 msgid "Introduced with version 1.1.92 of the Linux kernel." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:103 msgid "You may do a screendump on vt3 by switching to vt1 and typing" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:105 #, no-wrap msgid " cat /dev/vcs3 Efoo\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:109 msgid "" "Note that the output does not contain newline characters, so some processing " "may be required, like in" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:111 #, no-wrap msgid " old -w 81 /dev/vcs3 | lpr\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:113 msgid "or (horrors)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:115 #, no-wrap msgid " xetterm -dump 3 -file /proc/self/fd/1\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:120 msgid "The I device is used for Braille support." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:124 msgid "" "This program displays the character and screen attributes under the cursor " "of the second virtual console, then changes the background color there:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:132 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#include Eunistd.hE\n" "#include Estdlib.hE\n" "#include Estdio.hE\n" "#include Efcntl.hE\n" "#include Esys/ioctl.hE\n" "#include Elinux/vt.hE\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:143 #, no-wrap msgid "" "int\n" "main(void)\n" "{\n" " int fd;\n" " char *device = \"/dev/vcsa2\";\n" " char *console = \"/dev/tty2\";\n" " struct {unsigned char lines, cols, x, y;} scrn;\n" " unsigned short s;\n" " unsigned short mask;\n" " unsigned char ch, attrib;\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:172 #, no-wrap msgid "" " fd = open(console, O_RDWR);\n" " if (fd E 0) {\n" " perror(console);\n" " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n" " }\n" " if (ioctl(fd, VT_GETHIFONTMASK, &mask) E 0) {\n" " perror(\"VT_GETHIFONTMASK\");\n" " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n" " }\n" " (void) close(fd);\n" " fd = open(device, O_RDWR);\n" " if (fd E 0) {\n" " perror(device);\n" " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n" " }\n" " (void) read(fd, &scrn, 4);\n" " (void) lseek(fd, 4 + 2*(scrn.y*scrn.cols + scrn.x), 0);\n" " (void) read(fd, &s, 2);\n" " ch = s & 0xff;\n" " if (attrib & mask)\n" " ch |= 0x100;\n" " attrib = ((s & ~mask) EE 8);\n" " printf(\"ch=\\(aq%c\\(aq attrib=0x%02x\\en\", ch, attrib);\n" " attrib ^= 0x10;\n" " (void) lseek(fd, -1, 1);\n" " (void) write(fd, &attrib, 1);\n" " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n" "}\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/vcs.4:178 msgid "B(4), B(4), B(4), B(8)" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:15 #, no-wrap msgid "WAVELAN" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:15 #, no-wrap msgid "2013-09-04" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:18 msgid "wavelan - AT&T GIS WaveLAN ISA device driver" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:20 msgid "" "BIB<] [ irq=>IB<] " "[name=>IB<]>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:23 msgid "" "I it was removed from the kernel in version " "2.6.35." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:39 msgid "" "I is the low-level device driver for the NCR / AT&T / Lucent " "B and Digital (DEC) B wireless ethernet " "adapter. This driver is available as a module or might be compiled in the " "kernel. This driver supports multiple cards in both forms (up to 4) and " "allocates the next available ethernet device (eth0..eth#) for each card " "found, unless a device name is explicitly specified (see below). This " "device name will be reported in the kernel log file with the MAC address, " "NWID and frequency used by the card." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:46 msgid "" "This section apply to the module form (parameters passed on the B(8) " "command line). If the driver is included in the kernel, use the " "I syntax on the kernel command line." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:46 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:53 msgid "" "Specify the list of base address where to search for wavelan cards (setting " "by dip switch on the card). If you don't specify any io address, the driver " "will scan 0x390 and 0x3E0 addresses, which might conflict with other " "hardware..." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:53 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:57 msgid "" "Set the list of irq that each wavelan card should use (the value is saved in " "permanent storage for future use)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:57 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:62 msgid "" "Set the list of name to be used for each wavelan cards device (name used by " "B(8))." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:62 #, no-wrap msgid "Wireless extensions" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:66 msgid "Use B(8) to manipulate wireless extensions." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:66 #, no-wrap msgid "NWID (or domain)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:75 msgid "" "Set the network ID [I<0> to I] or disable it [I]. As the NWID is " "stored in the card Permanent Storage Area, it will be reuse at any further " "invocation of the driver." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:75 #, no-wrap msgid "Frequency & channels" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:86 msgid "" "For the 2.4GHz 2.00 Hardware, you are able to set the frequency by " "specifying one of the 10 defined channels (I<2.412,> I<2.422, 2.425, 2.4305, " "2.432, 2.442, 2.452, 2.460, 2.462> or I<2.484>) or directly by its value. " "The frequency is changed immediately and permanently. Frequency " "availability depends on the regulations..." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:86 #, no-wrap msgid "Statistics spy" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:90 msgid "" "Set a list of MAC addresses in the driver (up to 8) and get the last quality " "of link for each of those (see B(8))." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:90 #, no-wrap msgid "/proc/net/wireless" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:105 msgid "" "I is the status reported by the modem. I reports the " "quality of the modulation on the air (direct sequence spread spectrum) [max " "= 16]. I and I refer to the signal level and noise level [max " "= 64]. The I and I counters " "are not implemented." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:105 #, no-wrap msgid "Private ioctl" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:109 msgid "You may use B(8) to manipulate private ioctls." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:109 #, no-wrap msgid "Quality and level threshold" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:112 msgid "" "Enable you the define the quality and level threshold used by the modem " "(packet below that level are discarded)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:112 #, no-wrap msgid "Histogram" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:119 msgid "" "This functionality makes it possible to set a number of signal level " "intervals and to count the number of packets received in each of those " "defined intervals. This distribution might be used to calculate the mean " "value and standard deviation of the signal level." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:119 #, no-wrap msgid "Specific notes" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:125 msgid "" "This driver will fail to detect some B Wavelan cards. " "If this happens for you, you must look in the source code on how to add your " "card to the detection routine." msgstr "" #. .SH AUTHOR #. Bruce Janson \(em bruce@cs.usyd.edu.au #. .br #. Jean Tourrilhes \(em jt@hplb.hpl.hp.com #. .br #. (and others; see source code for details) # #. SEE ALSO part #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:138 msgid "" "Some of the mentioned features are optional. You may enable to disable them " "by changing flags in the driver header and recompile." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: build/C/man4/wavelan.4:145 msgid "" "B(4), B(8), B(8), B(8), " "B(8), B(8)" msgstr ""