# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-02-04 23:33+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:17
#, no-wrap
msgid "MB_CUR_MAX"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:17 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:17
#, no-wrap
msgid "1999-07-04"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:17 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:17 build/C/man2/_exit.2:29 build/C/man3/atexit.3:33 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:26 build/C/man3/exit.3:29 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:34 build/C/man3/strtod.3:45 build/C/man7/vdso.7:13 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:17 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:17 build/C/man2/_exit.2:29 build/C/man3/a64l.3:9 build/C/man3/atexit.3:33 build/C/man3/atof.3:31 build/C/man3/atoi.3:33 build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:26 build/C/man3/cfree.3:24 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:26 build/C/man3/drand48.3:30 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:27 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:32 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:30 build/C/man3/exit.3:29 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:30 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:29 build/C/man3/getenv.3:33 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:34 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:25 build/C/man3/malloc.3:33 build/C/man3/mblen.3:16 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:18 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:16 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:26 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:35 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:34 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:31 build/C/man3/putenv.3:36 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:28 build/C/man3/rand.3:41 build/C/man3/random.3:33 build/C/man3/random_r.3:26 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:29 build/C/man3/setenv.3:37 build/C/man3/strtod.3:45 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:24 build/C/man3/strtol.3:31 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:33 build/C/man3/system.3:31 build/C/man7/vdso.7:13 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:16 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:16 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:18 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:18 build/C/man2/_exit.2:30 build/C/man3/a64l.3:10 build/C/man3/atexit.3:34 build/C/man3/atof.3:32 build/C/man3/atoi.3:34 build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:27 build/C/man3/cfree.3:25 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:27 build/C/man3/drand48.3:31 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:28 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:33 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:31 build/C/man3/exit.3:30 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:31 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:30 build/C/man3/getenv.3:34 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:35 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:26 build/C/man3/malloc.3:34 build/C/man3/mblen.3:17 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:19 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:17 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:27 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:36 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:35 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:32 build/C/man3/putenv.3:37 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:29 build/C/man3/rand.3:42 build/C/man3/random.3:34 build/C/man3/random_r.3:27 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:30 build/C/man3/setenv.3:38 build/C/man3/strtod.3:46 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:25 build/C/man3/strtol.3:32 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:34 build/C/man3/system.3:32 build/C/man7/vdso.7:14 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:17 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:17 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:28
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:20
msgid "MB_CUR_MAX - maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:20 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:20 build/C/man2/_exit.2:32 build/C/man3/a64l.3:12 build/C/man3/atexit.3:36 build/C/man3/atof.3:34 build/C/man3/atoi.3:36 build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:29 build/C/man3/cfree.3:27 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:29 build/C/man3/drand48.3:34 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:32 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:35 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:33 build/C/man3/exit.3:32 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:33 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:32 build/C/man3/getenv.3:36 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:37 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:28 build/C/man3/malloc.3:36 build/C/man3/mblen.3:19 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:21 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:19 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:29 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:38 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:37 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:34 build/C/man3/putenv.3:39 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:31 build/C/man3/rand.3:44 build/C/man3/random.3:36 build/C/man3/random_r.3:30 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:32 build/C/man3/setenv.3:40 build/C/man3/strtod.3:48 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:27 build/C/man3/strtol.3:34 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:36 build/C/man3/system.3:34 build/C/man7/vdso.7:16 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:19 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:19 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:23 build/C/man3/atexit.3:39 build/C/man3/atof.3:37 build/C/man3/atoi.3:39 build/C/man3/cfree.3:31 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:32 build/C/man3/drand48.3:37 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:35 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:36 build/C/man3/exit.3:35 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:36 build/C/man3/getenv.3:39 build/C/man3/malloc.3:39 build/C/man3/mblen.3:22 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:24 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:22 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:32 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:41 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:40 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:37 build/C/man3/putenv.3:42 build/C/man3/rand.3:47 build/C/man3/random.3:39 build/C/man3/random_r.3:33 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:35 build/C/man3/setenv.3:43 build/C/man3/strtol.3:37 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:39 build/C/man3/system.3:37 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:22 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:22
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:24 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:24 build/C/man2/_exit.2:56 build/C/man3/a64l.3:33 build/C/man3/atexit.3:42 build/C/man3/atof.3:40 build/C/man3/atoi.3:62 build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:35 build/C/man3/cfree.3:52 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:43 build/C/man3/drand48.3:75 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:83 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:69 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:64 build/C/man3/exit.3:38 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:64 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:38 build/C/man3/getenv.3:52 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:44 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:50 build/C/man3/malloc.3:45 build/C/man3/mblen.3:25 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:27 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:25 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:55 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:76 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:66 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:48 build/C/man3/putenv.3:54 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:66 build/C/man3/rand.3:62 build/C/man3/random.3:64 build/C/man3/random_r.3:58 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:46 build/C/man3/setenv.3:61 build/C/man3/strtod.3:73 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:35 build/C/man3/strtol.3:59 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:62 build/C/man3/system.3:40 build/C/man7/vdso.7:20 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:25 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:25 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:31
msgid ""
"The B<MB_CUR_MAX> macro defines an integer expression giving the maximum "
"number of bytes needed to represent a single wide character in the current "
"locale.  It is locale dependent and therefore not a compile-time constant."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:31 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:29 build/C/man2/_exit.2:79 build/C/man3/atexit.3:71 build/C/man3/atof.3:55 build/C/man3/atoi.3:86 build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:61 build/C/man3/cfree.3:96 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:50 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:96 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:99 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:86 build/C/man3/exit.3:86 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:72 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:173 build/C/man3/getenv.3:88 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:55 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:110 build/C/man3/malloc.3:132 build/C/man3/mblen.3:75 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:84 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:93 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:68 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:155 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:80 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:76 build/C/man3/putenv.3:67 build/C/man3/rand.3:118 build/C/man3/random.3:118 build/C/man3/random_r.3:100 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:73 build/C/man3/setenv.3:105 build/C/man3/strtod.3:127 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:45 build/C/man3/strtol.3:117 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:127 build/C/man3/system.3:73 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:79 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:63 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:123
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:35
msgid ""
"An integer in the range [1, B<MB_LEN_MAX>].  The value 1 denotes traditional "
"8-bit encoded characters."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:35 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:31 build/C/man2/_exit.2:81 build/C/man3/a64l.3:71 build/C/man3/atexit.3:76 build/C/man3/atof.3:65 build/C/man3/atoi.3:100 build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:73 build/C/man3/cfree.3:112 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:59 build/C/man3/drand48.3:260 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:112 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:117 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:88 build/C/man3/exit.3:96 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:77 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:197 build/C/man3/getenv.3:96 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:70 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:134 build/C/man3/malloc.3:171 build/C/man3/mblen.3:92 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:94 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:113 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:91 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:204 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:95 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:81 build/C/man3/putenv.3:79 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:96 build/C/man3/rand.3:129 build/C/man3/random.3:161 build/C/man3/random_r.3:137 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:99 build/C/man3/setenv.3:128 build/C/man3/strtod.3:171 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:69 build/C/man3/strtol.3:173 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:177 build/C/man3/system.3:115 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:89 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:89 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:171
#, no-wrap
msgid "CONFORMING TO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:37 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:33 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:71
msgid "C99, POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:37 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:44 build/C/man2/_exit.2:124 build/C/man3/a64l.3:93 build/C/man3/atexit.3:161 build/C/man3/atof.3:67 build/C/man3/atoi.3:119 build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:75 build/C/man3/cfree.3:117 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:96 build/C/man3/drand48.3:262 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:114 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:135 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:95 build/C/man3/exit.3:183 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:86 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:232 build/C/man3/getenv.3:129 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:74 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:232 build/C/man3/malloc.3:261 build/C/man3/mblen.3:106 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:216 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:128 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:96 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:242 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:118 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:87 build/C/man3/putenv.3:118 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:107 build/C/man3/rand.3:217 build/C/man3/random.3:197 build/C/man3/random_r.3:141 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:144 build/C/man3/setenv.3:153 build/C/man3/strtod.3:205 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:71 build/C/man3/strtol.3:297 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:225 build/C/man3/system.3:207 build/C/man7/vdso.7:499 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:103 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:103 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:326
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:44
msgid ""
"B<MB_LEN_MAX>(3), B<mblen>(3), B<mbstowcs>(3), B<mbtowc>(3), B<wcstombs>(3), "
"B<wctomb>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:44 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:46 build/C/man2/_exit.2:136 build/C/man3/a64l.3:97 build/C/man3/atexit.3:165 build/C/man3/atof.3:73 build/C/man3/atoi.3:124 build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:78 build/C/man3/cfree.3:119 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:102 build/C/man3/drand48.3:265 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:118 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:141 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:99 build/C/man3/exit.3:190 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:90 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:236 build/C/man3/getenv.3:137 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:77 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:234 build/C/man3/malloc.3:285 build/C/man3/mblen.3:108 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:222 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:135 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:103 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:248 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:123 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:91 build/C/man3/putenv.3:124 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:112 build/C/man3/rand.3:220 build/C/man3/random.3:203 build/C/man3/random_r.3:145 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:150 build/C/man3/setenv.3:158 build/C/man3/strtod.3:214 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:77 build/C/man3/strtol.3:303 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:231 build/C/man3/system.3:215 build/C/man7/vdso.7:515 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:109 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:110 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:330
#, no-wrap
msgid "COLOPHON"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_CUR_MAX.3:52 build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:54 build/C/man2/_exit.2:144 build/C/man3/a64l.3:105 build/C/man3/atexit.3:173 build/C/man3/atof.3:81 build/C/man3/atoi.3:132 build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:86 build/C/man3/cfree.3:127 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:110 build/C/man3/drand48.3:273 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:126 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:149 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:107 build/C/man3/exit.3:198 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:98 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:244 build/C/man3/getenv.3:145 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:85 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:242 build/C/man3/malloc.3:293 build/C/man3/mblen.3:116 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:230 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:143 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:111 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:256 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:131 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:99 build/C/man3/putenv.3:132 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:120 build/C/man3/rand.3:228 build/C/man3/random.3:211 build/C/man3/random_r.3:153 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:158 build/C/man3/setenv.3:166 build/C/man3/strtod.3:222 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:85 build/C/man3/strtol.3:311 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:239 build/C/man3/system.3:223 build/C/man7/vdso.7:523 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:117 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:118 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:338
msgid ""
"This page is part of release 3.79 of the Linux I<man-pages> project.  A "
"description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest "
"version of this page, can be found at "
"\\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:17
#, no-wrap
msgid "MB_LEN_MAX"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:20
msgid "MB_LEN_MAX - maximum multibyte length of a character across all locales"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:23
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:29
msgid ""
"The B<MB_LEN_MAX> macro is the upper bound for the number of bytes needed to "
"represent a single wide character, across all locales."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:31
msgid "A constant integer greater than zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:33 build/C/man2/_exit.2:86 build/C/man3/a64l.3:73 build/C/man3/atexit.3:78 build/C/man3/atoi.3:108 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:73 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:129 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:90 build/C/man3/exit.3:98 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:199 build/C/man3/getenv.3:102 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:136 build/C/man3/malloc.3:173 build/C/man3/mblen.3:94 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:96 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:115 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:217 build/C/man3/putenv.3:81 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:102 build/C/man3/rand.3:141 build/C/man3/random.3:163 build/C/man3/setenv.3:130 build/C/man3/strtod.3:176 build/C/man3/strtol.3:178 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:182 build/C/man3/system.3:117 build/C/man7/vdso.7:129 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:91 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:91 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:173
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:44
msgid ""
"The entities B<MB_LEN_MAX> and I<sizeof(wchar_t)> are totally unrelated.  In "
"glibc, B<MB_LEN_MAX> is typically 6 while I<sizeof(wchar_t)> is 4."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/MB_LEN_MAX.3:46
msgid "B<MB_CUR_MAX>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "_EXIT"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:29 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "2015-01-22"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:32
msgid "_exit, _Exit - terminate the calling process"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:34
msgid "B<#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:36
msgid "B<void _exit(int >I<status>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:38 build/C/man3/a64l.3:14 build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:33 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:37 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:30 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:33 build/C/man3/strtod.3:50
msgid "B<#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:40
msgid "B<void _Exit(int >I<status>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:44 build/C/man3/a64l.3:22 build/C/man3/atoi.3:50 build/C/man3/cfree.3:48 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:39 build/C/man3/drand48.3:60 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:68 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:47 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:53 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:43 build/C/man3/getenv.3:48 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:37 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:39 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:54 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:47 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:44 build/C/man3/putenv.3:50 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:45 build/C/man3/rand.3:58 build/C/man3/random.3:52 build/C/man3/random_r.3:47 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:42 build/C/man3/setenv.3:52 build/C/man3/strtod.3:60 build/C/man3/strtol.3:47 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:50
msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:48
msgid "B<_Exit>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:51 build/C/man3/strtod.3:68
msgid ""
"_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 600 || _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ "
"200112L;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:54 build/C/man3/atoi.3:60 build/C/man3/strtod.3:71 build/C/man3/strtol.3:57 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:60
msgid "or I<cc\\ -std=c99>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:67
msgid ""
"The function B<_exit>()  terminates the calling process \"immediately\".  "
"Any open file descriptors belonging to the process are closed; any children "
"of the process are inherited by process 1, I<init>, and the process's parent "
"is sent a B<SIGCHLD> signal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:74
msgid ""
"The value I<status> is returned to the parent process as the process's exit "
"status, and can be collected using one of the B<wait>(2)  family of calls."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:79
msgid "The function B<_Exit>()  is equivalent to B<_exit>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:81
msgid "These functions do not return."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:86
msgid "SVr4, POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD.  The function B<_Exit>()  was introduced by C99."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:90
msgid ""
"For a discussion on the effects of an exit, the transmission of exit status, "
"zombie processes, signals sent, and so on, see B<exit>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:117
msgid ""
"The function B<_exit>()  is like B<exit>(3), but does not call any functions "
"registered with B<atexit>(3)  or B<on_exit>(3).  Whether it flushes standard "
"I/O buffers and removes temporary files created with B<tmpfile>(3)  is "
"implementation-dependent.  On the other hand, B<_exit>()  does close open "
"file descriptors, and this may cause an unknown delay, waiting for pending "
"output to finish.  If the delay is undesired, it may be useful to call "
"functions like B<tcflush>(3)  before calling B<_exit>().  Whether any "
"pending I/O is canceled, and which pending I/O may be canceled upon "
"B<_exit>(), is implementation-dependent."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:117
#, no-wrap
msgid "C library/kernel ABI differences"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:124
msgid ""
"In glibc up to version 2.3, the B<_exit>()  wrapper function invoked the "
"kernel system call of the same name.  Since glibc 2.3, the wrapper function "
"invokes B<exit_group>(2), in order to terminate all of the threads in a "
"process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/_exit.2:136
msgid ""
"B<execve>(2), B<exit_group>(2), B<fork>(2), B<kill>(2), B<wait>(2), "
"B<wait4>(2), B<waitpid>(2), B<atexit>(3), B<exit>(3), B<on_exit>(3), "
"B<termios>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:9
#, no-wrap
msgid "A64L"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:9 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-05-28"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:12
msgid "a64l, l64a - convert between long and base-64"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:16
msgid "B<long a64l(const char *>I<str64>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:18
msgid "B<char *l64a(long >I<value>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:26
msgid "B<a64l>(), B<l64a>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:31 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:66
msgid ""
"_SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ "
"_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:48
msgid ""
"These functions provide a conversion between 32-bit long integers and "
"little-endian base-64 ASCII strings (of length zero to six).  If the string "
"used as argument for B<a64l>()  has length greater than six, only the first "
"six bytes are used.  If the type I<long> has more than 32 bits, then "
"B<l64a>()  uses only the low order 32 bits of I<value>, and B<a64l>()  "
"sign-extends its 32-bit result."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:50
msgid "The 64 digits in the base-64 system are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:58
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&\\(aq.\\(aq\trepresents a 0\n"
"\\&\\(aq/\\(aq\trepresents a 1\n"
"0-9\trepresent  2-11\n"
"A-Z\trepresent 12-37\n"
"a-z\trepresent 38-63\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:62
msgid "So 123 = 59*64^0 + 1*64^1 = \"v/\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:62 build/C/man3/atof.3:57 build/C/man3/atoi.3:88 build/C/man3/drand48.3:245 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:98 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:110 build/C/man3/exit.3:90 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:192 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:65 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:129 build/C/man3/mblen.3:87 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:86 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:195 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:85 build/C/man3/random.3:152 build/C/man3/random_r.3:128 build/C/man3/strtod.3:159 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:58 build/C/man3/strtol.3:161 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:165 build/C/man3/system.3:110 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:84
#, no-wrap
msgid "ATTRIBUTES"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:63 build/C/man3/atof.3:58 build/C/man3/atoi.3:89 build/C/man3/drand48.3:246 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:99 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:111 build/C/man3/exit.3:91 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:193 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:66 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:130 build/C/man3/mblen.3:88 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:87 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:196 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:86 build/C/man3/random.3:153 build/C/man3/random_r.3:129 build/C/man3/strtod.3:160 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:59 build/C/man3/strtol.3:162 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:166 build/C/man3/system.3:111 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:85
#, no-wrap
msgid "Multithreading (see pthreads(7))"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:67
msgid "The B<l64a>()  function is not thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:71
msgid "The B<a64l>()  function is thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:73 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:136
msgid "POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:78
msgid ""
"The value returned by B<l64a>()  may be a pointer to a static buffer, "
"possibly overwritten by later calls."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:87
msgid ""
"The behavior of B<l64a>()  is undefined when I<value> is negative.  If "
"I<value> is zero, it returns an empty string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:90
msgid ""
"These functions are broken in glibc before 2.2.5 (puts most significant "
"digit first)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:93
msgid "This is not the encoding used by B<uuencode>(1)."
msgstr ""

#.  .BR itoa (3),
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/a64l.3:97
msgid "B<uuencode>(1), B<strtoul>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "ATEXIT"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "2008-12-05"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:36
msgid "atexit - register a function to be called at normal process termination"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int atexit(void (*>I<function>B<)(void));>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:54
msgid ""
"The B<atexit>()  function registers the given I<function> to be called at "
"normal process termination, either via B<exit>(3)  or via return from the "
"program's I<main>().  Functions so registered are called in the reverse "
"order of their registration; no arguments are passed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:57 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:69
msgid ""
"The same function may be registered multiple times: it is called once for "
"each registration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:63
msgid ""
"POSIX.1-2001 requires that an implementation allow at least B<ATEXIT_MAX> "
"(32) such functions to be registered.  The actual limit supported by an "
"implementation can be obtained using B<sysconf>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:71 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:76
msgid ""
"When a child process is created via B<fork>(2), it inherits copies of its "
"parent's registrations.  Upon a successful call to one of the B<exec>(3)  "
"functions, all registrations are removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:76
msgid ""
"The B<atexit>()  function returns the value 0 if successful; otherwise it "
"returns a nonzero value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:78
msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:85
msgid ""
"Functions registered using B<atexit>()  (and B<on_exit>(3))  are not called "
"if a process terminates abnormally because of the delivery of a signal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:92
msgid ""
"If one of the functions registered functions calls B<_exit>(2), then any "
"remaining functions are not invoked, and the other process termination steps "
"performed by B<exit>(3)  are not performed."
msgstr ""

#.  This can happen on OpenBSD 4.2 for example, and is documented
#.  as occurring on FreeBSD as well.
#.  Glibc does "the Right Thing" -- invocation of the remaining
#.  exit handlers carries on as normal.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:109
msgid ""
"POSIX.1-2001 says that the result of calling B<exit>(3)  more than once "
"(i.e., calling B<exit>(3)  within a function registered using B<atexit>())  "
"is undefined.  On some systems (but not Linux), this can result in an "
"infinite recursion; portable programs should not invoke B<exit>(3)  inside a "
"function registered using B<atexit>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:118
msgid ""
"The B<atexit>()  and B<on_exit>(3)  functions register functions on the same "
"list: at normal process termination, the registered functions are invoked in "
"reverse order of their registration by these two functions."
msgstr ""

#.  In glibc, things seem to be handled okay
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:124
msgid ""
"POSIX.1-2001 says that the result is undefined if B<longjmp>(3)  is used to "
"terminate execution of one of the functions registered B<atexit>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:124
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux notes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:131
msgid ""
"Since glibc 2.2.3, B<atexit>()  (and B<on_exit>(3))  can be used within a "
"shared library to establish functions that are called when the shared "
"library is unloaded."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:131 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:143 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:108 build/C/man3/rand.3:160 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:119 build/C/man3/strtod.3:200 build/C/man3/strtol.3:216 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:220
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:136
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:142
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"void\n"
"bye(void)\n"
"{\n"
"    printf(\"That was all, folks\\en\");\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:148
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(void)\n"
"{\n"
"    long a;\n"
"    int i;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:151
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    a = sysconf(_SC_ATEXIT_MAX);\n"
"    printf(\"ATEXIT_MAX = %ld\\en\", a);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:157
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    i = atexit(bye);\n"
"    if (i != 0) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"cannot set exit function\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:160 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:231 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:215 build/C/man3/rand.3:215 build/C/man3/strtol.3:296
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atexit.3:165
msgid "B<_exit>(2), B<exit>(3), B<on_exit>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:31
#, no-wrap
msgid "ATOF"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:31 build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-01-22"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:31 build/C/man3/atoi.3:33 build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:26 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:27 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:30 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:29 build/C/man3/getenv.3:33 build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:25 build/C/man3/malloc.3:33 build/C/man3/mblen.3:16 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:18 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:16 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:26 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:35 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:34 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:31 build/C/man3/putenv.3:36 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:28 build/C/man3/random.3:33 build/C/man3/random_r.3:26 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:29 build/C/man3/setenv.3:37 build/C/man3/strtol.3:31 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:33 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:16 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:16
#, no-wrap
msgid "GNU"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:34
msgid "atof - convert a string to a double"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<double atof(const char *>I<nptr>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:47
msgid ""
"The B<atof>()  function converts the initial portion of the string pointed "
"to by I<nptr> to I<double>.  The behavior is the same as"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:50
msgid "strtod(nptr, NULL);"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:55
msgid "except that B<atof>()  does not detect errors."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:57 build/C/man3/atoi.3:88
msgid "The converted value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:65
msgid ""
"The B<atof>()  function is thread-safe with exceptions.  It can be safely "
"used in multithreaded applications, as long as B<setlocale>(3)  is not "
"called to change the locale during its execution."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:67
msgid "SVr4, POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD, C89, C99."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atof.3:73
msgid "B<atoi>(3), B<atol>(3), B<strtod>(3), B<strtol>(3), B<strtoul>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "ATOI"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:33 build/C/man3/clearenv.3:26 build/C/man3/ecvt.3:32 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:29 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:35 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:34 build/C/man3/on_exit.3:31 build/C/man3/putenv.3:36 build/C/man3/qecvt.3:28 build/C/man3/strtod.3:45 build/C/man7/vdso.7:13
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-08-19"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:36
msgid "atoi, atol, atoll - convert a string to an integer"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int atoi(const char *>I<nptr>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<long atol(const char *>I<nptr>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<long long atoll(const char *>I<nptr>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:54
msgid "B<atoll>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:57
msgid ""
"_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 600 || "
"_ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 200112L;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:69
msgid ""
"The B<atoi>()  function converts the initial portion of the string pointed "
"to by I<nptr> to I<int>.  The behavior is the same as"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:72
msgid "strtol(nptr, NULL, 10);"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:77
msgid "except that B<atoi>()  does not detect errors."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:86
msgid ""
"The B<atol>()  and B<atoll>()  functions behave the same as B<atoi>(), "
"except that they convert the initial portion of the string to their return "
"type of I<long> or I<long long>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:100
msgid ""
"The B<atoi>(), B<atol>(), and B<atoll>()  functions are thread-safe with "
"exceptions.  These functions can be safely used in multithreaded "
"applications, as long as B<setlocale>(3)  is not called to change the locale "
"during their execution."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:108
msgid ""
"SVr4, POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD, C99.  C89 and POSIX.1-1996 include the functions "
"B<atoi>()  and B<atol>()  only."
msgstr ""

#.  The
#.  .BR atoll ()
#.  function is present in glibc 2 since version 2.0.2, but
#.  not in libc4 or libc5.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:119
msgid ""
"Linux libc provided B<atoq>()  as an obsolete name for B<atoll>(); B<atoq>()  "
"is not provided by glibc."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/atoi.3:124
msgid "B<atof>(3), B<strtod>(3), B<strtol>(3), B<strtoul>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "CANONICALIZE_FILE_NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "2013-05-11"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:29
msgid "canonicalize_file_name - return the canonicalized absolute pathname"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:31
msgid "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:35
msgid "B<char *canonicalize_file_name(const char *>I<path>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:49
msgid ""
"The B<canonicalize_file_name>()  function returns a null-terminated string "
"containing the canonicalized absolute pathname corresponding to I<path>.  In "
"the returned string, symbolic links are resolved, as are I<.> and I<..> "
"pathname components.  Consecutive slash (I</>)  characters are replaced by a "
"single slash."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:55
msgid ""
"The returned string is dynamically allocated by B<canonicalize_file_name>()  "
"and the caller should deallocate it with B<free>(3)  when it is no longer "
"required."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:59
msgid "The call I<canonicalize_file_name(path)> is equivalent to the call:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:61
#, no-wrap
msgid "    realpath(path, NULL);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:70
msgid ""
"On success, B<canonicalize_file_name>()  returns a null-terminated string.  "
"On error (e.g., a pathname component is unreadable or does not exist), "
"B<canonicalize_file_name>()  returns NULL and sets I<errno> to indicate the "
"error."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:70 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:181 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:75 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:161 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:91 build/C/man3/putenv.3:75 build/C/man3/random.3:140 build/C/man3/random_r.3:105 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:82 build/C/man3/setenv.3:119 build/C/man3/strtod.3:155 build/C/man3/strtol.3:144 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:148 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:141
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:73
msgid "See B<realpath>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:75
msgid "This function is a GNU extension."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/canonicalize_file_name.3:78
msgid "B<readlink>(2), B<realpath>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "CFREE"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:24 build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:30 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "2007-07-26"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:27
msgid "cfree - free allocated memory"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:34
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* In SunOS 4 */\n"
"B<int cfree(void *>I<ptr>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:37
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* In glibc or FreeBSD libcompat */\n"
"B<void cfree(void *>I<ptr>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:40
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* In SCO OpenServer */\n"
"B<void cfree(char *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned >I<num>B<, unsigned >I<size>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:43
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* In Solaris watchmalloc.so.1 */\n"
"B<void cfree(void *>I<ptr>B<, size_t >I<nelem>B<, size_t >I<elsize>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:52
msgid "B<cfree>(): _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:57
msgid "This function should never be used.  Use B<free>(3)  instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:57
#, no-wrap
msgid "1-arg cfree"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:63
msgid ""
"In glibc, the function B<cfree>()  is a synonym for B<free>(3), \"added for "
"compatibility with SunOS\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:69
msgid ""
"Other systems have other functions with this name.  The declaration is "
"sometimes in I<E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>> and sometimes in I<E<lt>malloc.hE<gt>>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:69
#, no-wrap
msgid "3-arg cfree"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:74
msgid ""
"Some SCO and Solaris versions have malloc libraries with a 3-argument "
"B<cfree>(), apparently as an analog to B<calloc>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:76
msgid "If you need it while porting something, add"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:79
msgid "#define cfree(p, n, s) free((p))"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:82
msgid "to your file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:91
msgid ""
"A frequently asked question is \"Can I use B<free>(3)  to free memory "
"allocated with B<calloc>(3), or do I need B<cfree>()?\" Answer: use "
"B<free>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:96
msgid ""
"An SCO manual writes: \"The cfree routine is provided for compliance to the "
"iBCSe2 standard and simply calls free.  The num and size arguments to cfree "
"are not used.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:112
msgid ""
"The SunOS version of B<cfree>()  (which is a synonym for B<free>(3))  "
"returns 1 on success and 0 on failure.  In case of error, I<errno> is set to "
"B<EINVAL>: the value of I<ptr> was not a pointer to a block previously "
"allocated by one of the routines in the B<malloc>(3)  family."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:117
msgid ""
"The 3-argument version of B<cfree>()  as used by SCO conforms to the iBCSe2 "
"standard: Intel386 Binary Compatibility Specification, Edition 2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/cfree.3:119
msgid "B<malloc>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "CLEARENV"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:29
msgid "clearenv - clear the environment"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int clearenv(void);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:43
msgid "B<clearenv>(): _SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:50
msgid ""
"The B<clearenv>()  function clears the environment of all name-value pairs "
"and sets the value of the external variable I<environ> to NULL."
msgstr ""

#.  Most versions of UNIX return -1 on error, or do not even have errors.
#.  Glibc info and the Watcom C library document "a nonzero value".
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:57
msgid ""
"The B<clearenv>()  function returns zero on success, and a nonzero value on "
"failure."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:57 build/C/man3/getauxval.3:188 build/C/man3/getenv.3:93 build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:63 build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:84 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:188 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:168
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:59
msgid "Available since glibc 2.0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:73
msgid ""
"Various UNIX variants (DG/UX, HP-UX, QNX, ...).  POSIX.9 (bindings for "
"FORTRAN77).  POSIX.1-1996 did not accept B<clearenv>()  and B<putenv>(3), "
"but changed its mind and scheduled these functions for some later issue of "
"this standard (cf. B.4.6.1).  However, POSIX.1-2001 adds only B<putenv>(3), "
"and rejected B<clearenv>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:77
msgid ""
"Used in security-conscious applications.  If it is unavailable the "
"assignment"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:80
#, no-wrap
msgid "    environ = NULL;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:83
msgid "will probably do."
msgstr ""

#.  .LP
#.  HP-UX has a ENOMEM error return.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:96
msgid ""
"The DG/UX and Tru64 man pages write: If I<environ> has been modified by "
"anything other than the B<putenv>(3), B<getenv>(3), or B<clearenv>()  "
"functions, then B<clearenv>()  will return an error and the process "
"environment will remain unchanged."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/clearenv.3:102
msgid "B<getenv>(3), B<putenv>(3), B<setenv>(3), B<unsetenv>(3), B<environ>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "DRAND48"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-09-21"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:34
msgid ""
"drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, "
"lcong48 - generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<double drand48(void);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<double erand48(unsigned short >I<xsubi>B<[3]);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<long int lrand48(void);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<long int nrand48(unsigned short >I<xsubi>B<[3]);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<long int mrand48(void);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:49
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<long int jrand48(unsigned short >I<xsubi>B<[3]);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:51
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<void srand48(long int >I<seedval>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:53
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<unsigned short *seed48(unsigned short >I<seed16v>B<[3]);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:55
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<void lcong48(unsigned short >I<param>B<[7]);>\n"
msgstr ""

#.  .BR drand48 (),
#.  .BR erand48 (),
#.  .BR lrand48 (),
#.  .BR nrand48 (),
#.  .BR mrand48 (),
#.  .BR jrand48 (),
#.  .BR srand48 (),
#.  .BR seed48 (),
#.  .BR lcong48 ():
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:74
msgid "All functions shown above: _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:78
msgid ""
"These functions generate pseudo-random numbers using the linear congruential "
"algorithm and 48-bit integer arithmetic."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:86
msgid ""
"The B<drand48>()  and B<erand48>()  functions return nonnegative "
"double-precision floating-point values uniformly distributed between [0.0, "
"1.0)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:93
msgid ""
"The B<lrand48>()  and B<nrand48>()  functions return nonnegative long "
"integers uniformly distributed between 0 and 2^31."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:100
msgid ""
"The B<mrand48>()  and B<jrand48>()  functions return signed long integers "
"uniformly distributed between -2^31 and 2^31."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:119
msgid ""
"The B<srand48>(), B<seed48>()  and B<lcong48>()  functions are "
"initialization functions, one of which should be called before using "
"B<drand48>(), B<lrand48>()  or B<mrand48>().  The functions B<erand48>(), "
"B<nrand48>()  and B<jrand48>()  do not require an initialization function to "
"be called first."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:123
msgid ""
"All the functions work by generating a sequence of 48-bit integers, I<Xi>, "
"according to the linear congruential formula:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:127
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Xn+1 = (aXn + c) mod m, where n E<gt>= 0>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:140
msgid ""
"The parameter I<m> = 2^48, hence 48-bit integer arithmetic is performed.  "
"Unless B<lcong48>()  is called, I<a> and I<c> are given by:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:145
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<a = 0x5DEECE66D>\n"
"B<c = 0xB>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:165
msgid ""
"The value returned by any of the functions B<drand48>(), B<erand48>(), "
"B<lrand48>(), B<nrand48>(), B<mrand48>()  or B<jrand48>()  is computed by "
"first generating the next 48-bit I<Xi> in the sequence.  Then the "
"appropriate number of bits, according to the type of data item to be "
"returned, is copied from the high-order bits of I<Xi> and transformed into "
"the returned value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:191
msgid ""
"The functions B<drand48>(), B<lrand48>()  and B<mrand48>()  store the last "
"48-bit I<Xi> generated in an internal buffer.  The functions B<erand48>(), "
"B<nrand48>()  and B<jrand48>()  require the calling program to provide "
"storage for the successive I<Xi> values in the array argument I<xsubi>.  The "
"functions are initialized by placing the initial value of I<Xi> into the "
"array before calling the function for the first time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:200
msgid ""
"The initializer function B<srand48>()  sets the high order 32-bits of I<Xi> "
"to the argument I<seedval>.  The low order 16-bits are set to the arbitrary "
"value 0x330E."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:214
msgid ""
"The initializer function B<seed48>()  sets the value of I<Xi> to the 48-bit "
"value specified in the array argument I<seed16v>.  The previous value of "
"I<Xi> is copied into an internal buffer and a pointer to this buffer is "
"returned by B<seed48>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:245
msgid ""
"The initialization function B<lcong48>()  allows the user to specify initial "
"values for I<Xi>, I<a> and I<c>.  Array argument elements I<param[0-2]> "
"specify I<Xi>, I<param[3-5]> specify I<a>, and I<param[6]> specifies I<c>.  "
"After B<lcong48>()  has been called, a subsequent call to either "
"B<srand48>()  or B<seed48>()  will restore the standard values of I<a> and "
"I<c>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:260
msgid ""
"The B<drand48>(), B<erand48>(), B<lrand48>(), B<nrand48>(), B<mrand48>(), "
"B<jrand48>(), B<srand48>(), B<seed48>(), and B<lcong48>()  functions record "
"global state information for the random number generator, so they are not "
"thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:262
msgid "SVr4, POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48.3:265
msgid "B<rand>(3), B<random>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "DRAND48_R"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "2013-09-09"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:32
msgid ""
"drand48_r, erand48_r, lrand48_r, nrand48_r, mrand48_r, jrand48_r, srand48_r, "
"seed48_r, lcong48_r - generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers "
"reentrantly"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int drand48_r(struct drand48_data *>I<buffer>B<, double *>I<result>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int erand48_r(unsigned short >I<xsubi>B<[3]>I<,>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<              struct drand48_data *>I<buffer>B<, double *>I<result>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:43
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int lrand48_r(struct drand48_data *>I<buffer>B<, long int "
"*>I<result>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int nrand48_r(unsigned short int >I<xsubi[3]>B<,>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:47 build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:53
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<              struct drand48_data *>I<buffer>B<, long int "
"*>I<result>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:49
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int mrand48_r(struct drand48_data *>I<buffer>B<,long int "
"*>I<result>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:51
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int jrand48_r(unsigned short int >I<xsubi[3]>B<,>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:55
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int srand48_r(long int >I<seedval>B<, struct drand48_data "
"*>I<buffer>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:57
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int seed48_r(unsigned short int >I<seed16v[3]>B<,>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:59
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<             struct drand48_data *>I<buffer>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:61
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int lcong48_r(unsigned short int >I<param[7]>B<,>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:63
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<              struct drand48_data *>I<buffer>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#.  .BR drand48_r (),
#.  .BR erand48_r (),
#.  .BR lrand48_r (),
#.  .BR nrand48_r (),
#.  .BR mrand48_r (),
#.  .BR jrand48_r (),
#.  .BR srand48_r (),
#.  .BR seed48_r (),
#.  .BR lcong48_r ():
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:82
msgid "All functions shown above: _SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:89
msgid ""
"These functions are the reentrant analogs of the functions described in "
"B<drand48>(3).  Instead of modifying the global random generator state, they "
"use the supplied data I<buffer>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:96
msgid ""
"Before the first use, this struct must be initialized, for example, by "
"filling it with zeros, or by calling one of the functions B<srand48_r>(), "
"B<seed48_r>(), or B<lcong48_r>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:98
msgid "The return value is 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:112
msgid ""
"The B<drand48_r>(), B<erand48_r>(), B<lrand48_r>(), B<nrand48_r>(), "
"B<mrand48_r>(), B<jrand48_r>(), B<srand48_r>(), B<seed48_r>(), and "
"B<lcong48_r>()  functions are thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:114
msgid "These functions are GNU extensions and are not portable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/drand48_r.3:118 build/C/man3/random_r.3:145
msgid "B<drand48>(3), B<rand>(3), B<random>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:32
#, no-wrap
msgid "ECVT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:35
msgid "ecvt, fcvt - convert a floating-point number to a string"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:40
msgid ""
"B<char *ecvt(double >I<number>B<, int >I<ndigits>B<, int *>I<decpt>B<,> "
"B<int *>I<sign>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:43
msgid ""
"B<char *fcvt(double >I<number>B<, int >I<ndigits>B<, int *>I<decpt>B<,> "
"B<int *>I<sign>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:51
msgid "B<ecvt>(), B<fcvt>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:54 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:49 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:53
#, no-wrap
msgid "Since glibc 2.12:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:61 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:56
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"_SVID_SOURCE ||\n"
"    (_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 ||\n"
"        _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED) &&\n"
"    !(_POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 200112L || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 600)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:62 build/C/man3/gcvt.3:57 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:59
#, no-wrap
msgid "Before glibc 2.12:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:92
msgid ""
"The B<ecvt>()  function converts I<number> to a null-terminated string of "
"I<ndigits> digits (where I<ndigits> is reduced to a system-specific limit "
"determined by the precision of a I<double>), and returns a pointer to the "
"string.  The high-order digit is nonzero, unless I<number> is zero.  The low "
"order digit is rounded.  The string itself does not contain a decimal point; "
"however, the position of the decimal point relative to the start of the "
"string is stored in I<*decpt>.  A negative value for I<*decpt> means that "
"the decimal point is to the left of the start of the string.  If the sign of "
"I<number> is negative, I<*sign> is set to a nonzero value, otherwise it is "
"set to 0.  If I<number> is zero, it is unspecified whether I<*decpt> is 0 or "
"1."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:99
msgid ""
"The B<fcvt>()  function is identical to B<ecvt>(), except that I<ndigits> "
"specifies the number of digits after the decimal point."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:110
msgid ""
"Both the B<ecvt>()  and B<fcvt>()  functions return a pointer to a static "
"string containing the ASCII representation of I<number>.  The static string "
"is overwritten by each call to B<ecvt>()  or B<fcvt>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:117
msgid "The B<ecvt>()  and B<fcvt>()  functions are not thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:129
msgid ""
"SVr2; marked as LEGACY in POSIX.1-2001.  POSIX.1-2008 removes the "
"specifications of B<ecvt>()  and B<fcvt>(), recommending the use of "
"B<sprintf>(3)  instead (though B<snprintf>(3)  may be preferable)."
msgstr ""

#.  Linux libc4 and libc5 specified the type of
#.  .I ndigits
#.  as
#.  .IR size_t .
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:135
msgid "Not all locales use a point as the radix character (\"decimal point\")."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt.3:141
msgid "B<ecvt_r>(3), B<gcvt>(3), B<qecvt>(3), B<setlocale>(3), B<sprintf>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "ECVT_R"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:33
msgid ""
"ecvt_r, fcvt_r, qecvt_r, qfcvt_r - convert a floating-point number to a "
"string"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:39
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int ecvt_r(double >I<number>B<, int >I<ndigits>B<, int *>I<decpt>B<,>\n"
"B<           int *>I<sign>B<, char *>I<buf>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:42
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int fcvt_r(double >I<number>B<, int >I<ndigits>B<, int *>I<decpt>B<,>\n"
"B<           int *>I<sign>B<, char *>I<buf>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int qecvt_r(long double >I<number>B<, int >I<ndigits>B<, int "
"*>I<decpt>B<,>\n"
"B<           int *>I<sign>B<, char *>I<buf>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:48
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int qfcvt_r(long double >I<number>B<, int >I<ndigits>B<, int "
"*>I<decpt>B<,>\n"
"B<           int *>I<sign>B<, char *>I<buf>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:60
msgid "B<ecvt_r>(), B<fcvt_r>(), B<qecvt_r>(), B<qfcvt_r>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:62
msgid "_SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:86
msgid ""
"The functions B<ecvt_r>(), B<fcvt_r>(), B<qecvt_r>(), and B<qfcvt_r>()  are "
"identical to B<ecvt>(3), B<fcvt>(3), B<qecvt>(3), and B<qfcvt>(3), "
"respectively, except that they do not return their result in a static "
"buffer, but instead use the supplied I<buf> of size I<len>.  See B<ecvt>(3)  "
"and B<qecvt>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:88
msgid "These functions return 0 on success, and -1 otherwise."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:90
msgid "These functions are GNU extensions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:95
msgid "These functions are obsolete.  Instead, B<sprintf>(3)  is recommended."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/ecvt_r.3:99
msgid "B<ecvt>(3), B<qecvt>(3), B<sprintf>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXIT"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:29 build/C/man3/random_r.3:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-03-25"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:32
msgid "exit - cause normal process termination"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<void exit(int >I<status>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:45
msgid ""
"The B<exit>()  function causes normal process termination and the value of "
"I<status & 0377> is returned to the parent (see B<wait>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:72
msgid ""
"All functions registered with B<atexit>(3)  and B<on_exit>(3)  are called, "
"in the reverse order of their registration.  (It is possible for one of "
"these functions to use B<atexit>(3)  or B<on_exit>(3)  to register an "
"additional function to be executed during exit processing; the new "
"registration is added to the front of the list of functions that remain to "
"be called.)  If one of these functions does not return (e.g., it calls "
"B<_exit>(2), or kills itself with a signal), then none of the remaining "
"functions is called, and further exit processing (in particular, flushing of "
"B<stdio>(3)  streams) is abandoned.  If a function has been registered "
"multiple times using B<atexit>(3)  or B<on_exit>(3), then it is called as "
"many times as it was registered."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:79
msgid ""
"All open B<stdio>(3)  streams are flushed and closed.  Files created by "
"B<tmpfile>(3)  are removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:86
msgid ""
"The C standard specifies two constants, B<EXIT_SUCCESS> and B<EXIT_FAILURE>, "
"that may be passed to B<exit>()  to indicate successful or unsuccessful "
"termination, respectively."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:90
msgid "The B<exit>()  function does not return."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:96
msgid ""
"The B<exit>()  function uses a global variable that is not protected, so it "
"is not thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:98
msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001, C89, C99."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:115
msgid ""
"It is undefined what happens if one of the functions registered using "
"B<atexit>(3)  and B<on_exit>(3)  calls either B<exit>()  or B<longjmp>(3).  "
"Note that a call to B<execve>(2)  removes registrations created using "
"B<atexit>(3)  and B<on_exit>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:124
msgid ""
"The use of B<EXIT_SUCCESS> and B<EXIT_FAILURE> is slightly more portable (to "
"non-UNIX environments) than the use of 0 and some nonzero value like 1 or "
"-1.  In particular, VMS uses a different convention."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:127
msgid ""
"BSD has attempted to standardize exit codes; see the file "
"I<E<lt>sysexits.hE<gt>>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:152
msgid ""
"After B<exit>(), the exit status must be transmitted to the parent process.  "
"There are three cases.  If the parent has set B<SA_NOCLDWAIT>, or has set "
"the B<SIGCHLD> handler to B<SIG_IGN>, the status is discarded.  If the "
"parent was waiting on the child, it is notified of the exit status.  In both "
"cases the exiting process dies immediately.  If the parent has not indicated "
"that it is not interested in the exit status, but is not waiting, the "
"exiting process turns into a \"zombie\" process (which is nothing but a "
"container for the single byte representing the exit status) so that the "
"parent can learn the exit status when it later calls one of the B<wait>(2)  "
"functions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:162
msgid ""
"If the implementation supports the B<SIGCHLD> signal, this signal is sent to "
"the parent.  If the parent has set B<SA_NOCLDWAIT>, it is undefined whether "
"a B<SIGCHLD> signal is sent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:171
msgid ""
"If the process is a session leader and its controlling terminal is the "
"controlling terminal of the session, then each process in the foreground "
"process group of this controlling terminal is sent a B<SIGHUP> signal, and "
"the terminal is disassociated from this session, allowing it to be acquired "
"by a new controlling process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:183
msgid ""
"If the exit of the process causes a process group to become orphaned, and if "
"any member of the newly orphaned process group is stopped, then a B<SIGHUP> "
"signal followed by a B<SIGCONT> signal will be sent to each process in this "
"process group.  See B<setpgid>(2)  for an explanation of orphaned process "
"groups."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/exit.3:190
msgid ""
"B<_exit>(2), B<setpgid>(2), B<wait>(2), B<atexit>(3), B<on_exit>(3), "
"B<tmpfile>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/gcvt.3:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "GCVT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/gcvt.3:33
msgid "gcvt - convert a floating-point number to a string"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/gcvt.3:38
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<char *gcvt(double >I<number>B<, int >I<ndigit>B<, char *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/gcvt.3:46
msgid "B<gcvt>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/gcvt.3:61
msgid ""
"_SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE && "
"_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/gcvt.3:72
msgid ""
"The B<gcvt>()  function converts I<number> to a minimal length "
"null-terminated ASCII string and stores the result in I<buf>.  It produces "
"I<ndigit> significant digits in either B<printf>(3)  F format or E format."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/gcvt.3:77
msgid ""
"The B<gcvt>()  function returns the address of the string pointed to by "
"I<buf>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/gcvt.3:86
msgid ""
"Marked as LEGACY in POSIX.1-2001.  POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of "
"B<gcvt>(), recommending the use of B<sprintf>(3)  instead (though "
"B<snprintf>(3)  may be preferable)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/gcvt.3:90
msgid "B<ecvt>(3), B<fcvt>(3), B<sprintf>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "GETAUXVAL"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:32
msgid "getauxval - retrieve a value from the auxiliary vector"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:35
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/auxv.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<unsigned long getauxval(unsigned long >I<type>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:45
msgid ""
"The B<getauxval>()  function retrieves values from the auxiliary vector, a "
"mechanism that the kernel's ELF binary loader uses to pass certain "
"information to user space when a program is executed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:53
msgid ""
"Each entry in the auxiliary vector consists of a pair of values: a type that "
"identifies what this entry represents, and a value for that type.  Given the "
"argument I<type>, B<getauxval>()  returns the corresponding value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:60
msgid ""
"The value returned for each I<type> is given in the following list.  Not all "
"I<type> values are present on all architectures."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:60
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_BASE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:63
msgid "The base address of the program interpreter (usually, the dynamic linker)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:63
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_BASE_PLATFORM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:68
msgid ""
"A string identifying the real platform; may differ from B<AT_PLATFORM> "
"(PowerPC only)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:68
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_CLKTCK>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:75
msgid ""
"The frequency with which B<times>(2)  counts.  This value can also be "
"obtained via I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:75
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_DCACHEBSIZE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:78
msgid "The data cache block size."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:78
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_EGID>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:81
msgid "The effective group ID of the thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:81
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_ENTRY>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:84
msgid "The entry address of the executable."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:84
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_EUID>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:87
msgid "The effective user ID of the thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:87
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_EXECFD>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:90
msgid "File descriptor of program."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:90
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_EXECFN>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:93
msgid "Pathname used to execute program."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:93
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_FLAGS>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:96
msgid "Flags (unused)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:96
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_FPUCW>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:101
msgid ""
"Used FPU control word (SuperH architecture only).  This gives some "
"information about the FPU initialization performed by the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:101
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_GID>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:104
msgid "The real group ID of the thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:104
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_HWCAP>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:114
msgid ""
"A pointer to a multibyte mask of bits whose settings indicate detailed "
"processor capabilities.  The contents of the bit mask are hardware dependent "
"(for example, see the kernel source file "
"I<arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h> for details relating to the Intel x86 "
"architecture).  A human-readable version of the same information is "
"available via I</proc/cpuinfo>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:114
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_ICACHEBSIZE>"
msgstr ""

#.  .TP
#.  .BR AT_IGNORE
#.  .TP
#.  .BR AT_IGNOREPPC
#.  .TP
#.  .BR AT_NOTELF
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:123
msgid "The instruction cache block size."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:123
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_PAGESZ>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:127
msgid "The system page size (the same value returned by I<sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:127
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_PHDR>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:130
msgid "The address of the program headers of the executable."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:130
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_PHENT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:133
msgid "The size of program header entry."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:133
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_PHNUM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:136
msgid "The number of program headers."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:136
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_PLATFORM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:143
msgid ""
"A pointer to a string that identifies the hardware platform that the program "
"is running on.  The dynamic linker uses this in the interpretation of "
"I<rpath> values."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:143
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_RANDOM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:146
msgid "The address of sixteen bytes containing a random value."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:146
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_SECURE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:158
msgid ""
"Has a nonzero value if this executable should be treated securely.  Most "
"commonly, a nonzero value indicates that the process is executing a "
"set-user-ID or set-group-ID program; alternatively, a nonzero value may be "
"triggered by a Linux Security Module.  When this value is nonzero, the "
"dynamic linker disables the use of certain environment variables (see "
"B<ld-linux.so>(8))  and glibc changes other aspects of its behavior.  (See "
"also B<secure_getenv>(3).)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:158
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_SYSINFO>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:162
msgid ""
"The entry point to the system call function in the vDSO.  Not present/needed "
"on all architectures (e.g., absent on x86-64)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:162
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_SYSINFO_EHDR>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:167
msgid ""
"The address of a page containing the virtual Dynamic Shared Object (vDSO)  "
"that the kernel creates in order to provide fast implementations of certain "
"system calls."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:167
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_UCACHEBSIZE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:170
msgid "The unified cache block size."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:170
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AT_UID>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:173
msgid "The real user ID of the thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:181
msgid ""
"On success, B<getauxval>()  returns the value corresponding to I<type>.  If "
"I<type> is not found, 0 is returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:182
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOENT> (since glibc 2.19)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit b9ab448f980e296eac21ac65f53783967cc6037b
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:188
msgid "No entry corresponding to I<type> could be found in the auxiliary vector."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:192
msgid "The B<getauxval>()  function was added to glibc in version 2.16."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:197
msgid "The B<getauxval>()  function is thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:199
msgid "This function is a nonstandard glibc extension."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:208
msgid ""
"The primary consumer of the information in the auxiliary vector is the "
"dynamic linker B<ld-linux.so>(8).  The auxiliary vector is a convenient and "
"efficient shortcut that allows the kernel to communicate a certain set of "
"standard information that the dynamic linker usually or always needs.  In "
"some cases, the same information could be obtained by system calls, but "
"using the auxiliary vector is cheaper."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:214
msgid ""
"The auxiliary vector resides just above the argument list and environment in "
"the process address space.  The auxiliary vector supplied to a program can "
"be viewed by setting the B<LD_SHOW_AUXV> environment variable when running a "
"program:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:216
#, no-wrap
msgid "    $ LD_SHOW_AUXV=1 sleep 1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:223
msgid ""
"The auxiliary vector of any process can (subject to file permissions)  be "
"obtained via I</proc/PID/auxv>; see B<proc>(5)  for more information."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:223 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:105 build/C/man3/random.3:189 build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:104 build/C/man3/setenv.3:144 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:319
#, no-wrap
msgid "BUGS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:232
msgid ""
"Before the addition of the B<ENOENT> error in glibc 2.19, there was no way "
"to unambiguously distinguish the case where I<type> could not be found from "
"the case where the value corresponding to I<type> was zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getauxval.3:236
msgid "B<secure_getenv>(3), B<vdso>(7), B<ld-linux.so>(8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "GETENV"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "2012-08-14"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:36
msgid "getenv, secure_getenv - get an environment variable"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<char *getenv(const char *>I<name>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<char *secure_getenv(const char *>I<name>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:52
msgid "B<secure_getenv>(): _GNU_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:61
msgid ""
"The B<getenv>()  function searches the environment list to find the "
"environment variable I<name>, and returns a pointer to the corresponding "
"I<value> string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:69
msgid ""
"The GNU-specific B<secure_getenv>()  function is just like B<getenv>()  "
"except that it returns NULL in cases where \"secure execution\" is "
"required.  Secure execution is required if one of the following conditions "
"was true when the program run by the calling process was loaded:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:69 build/C/man3/getenv.3:74 build/C/man3/getenv.3:76 build/C/man3/system.3:77 build/C/man3/system.3:82 build/C/man3/system.3:86 build/C/man3/system.3:91 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:176 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:184 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:322
#, no-wrap
msgid "*"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:74
msgid ""
"the process's effective user ID did not match its real user ID or the "
"process's effective group ID did not match its real group ID (typically this "
"is the result of executing a set-user-ID or set-group-ID program);"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:76
msgid "the effective capability bit was set on the executable file; or"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:78
msgid "the process has a nonempty permitted capability set."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:81
msgid ""
"Secure execution may also required if triggered by some Linux security "
"modules."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:88
msgid ""
"The B<secure_getenv>()  function is intended for use in general-purpose "
"libraries to avoid vulnerabilities that could occur if set-user-ID or "
"set-group-ID programs accidentally trusted the environment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:93
msgid ""
"The B<getenv>()  function returns a pointer to the value in the environment, "
"or NULL if there is no match."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:96
msgid "B<secure_getenv>()  first appeared in glibc 2.17."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:99
msgid "B<getenv>(): SVr4, POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD, C89, C99."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:102
msgid "B<secure_getenv>()  is a GNU extension."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:104
msgid "The strings in the environment list are of the form I<name=value>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:110
msgid ""
"As typically implemented, B<getenv>()  returns a pointer to a string within "
"the environment list.  The caller must take care not to modify this string, "
"since that would change the environment of the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:123
msgid ""
"The implementation of B<getenv>()  is not required to be reentrant.  The "
"string pointed to by the return value of B<getenv>()  may be statically "
"allocated, and can be modified by a subsequent call to B<getenv>(), "
"B<putenv>(3), B<setenv>(3), or B<unsetenv>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:129
msgid ""
"The \"secure execution\" mode of B<secure_getenv>()  is controlled by the "
"B<AT_SECURE> flag contained in the auxiliary vector passed from the kernel "
"to user space."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getenv.3:137
msgid ""
"B<clearenv>(3), B<getauxval>(3), B<putenv>(3), B<setenv>(3), B<unsetenv>(3), "
"B<capabilities>(7), B<environ>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "GETLOADAVG"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-04-01"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:37
msgid "getloadavg - get system load averages"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:41
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<#define _BSD_SOURCE>         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
"B<#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int getloadavg(double >I<loadavg[]>B<, int >I<nelem>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:55
msgid ""
"The B<getloadavg>()  function returns the number of processes in the system "
"run queue averaged over various periods of time.  Up to I<nelem> samples are "
"retrieved and assigned to successive elements of I<loadavg>[].  The system "
"imposes a maximum of 3 samples, representing averages over the last 1, 5, "
"and 15 minutes, respectively."
msgstr ""

#.  .SH HISTORY
#.  The
#.  BR getloadavg ()
#.  function appeared in
#.  4.3BSD Reno .
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:63
msgid ""
"If the load average was unobtainable, -1 is returned; otherwise, the number "
"of samples actually retrieved is returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:65
msgid "This function is available in glibc since version 2.2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:70
msgid "The B<getloadavg>()  function is thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#.  mdoc seems to have a bug - there must be no newline here
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:74
msgid "Not in POSIX.1-2001.  Present on the BSDs and Solaris."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getloadavg.3:77
msgid "B<uptime>(1), B<proc>(5)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:25
#, no-wrap
msgid "GETSUBOPT"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:25
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-04-08"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:28
msgid "getsubopt - parse suboption arguments from a string"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:33
msgid ""
"B<int getsubopt(char **>I<optionp>B<, char * const *>I<tokens>B<, char "
"**>I<valuep>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:40
msgid "B<getsubopt>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:45
msgid "_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>= 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:47
msgid "|| /* Since glibc 2.12: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 200809L"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:64
msgid ""
"B<getsubopt>()  parses the list of comma-separated suboptions provided in "
"I<optionp>.  (Such a suboption list is typically produced when B<getopt>(3)  "
"is used to parse a command line; see for example the I<-o> option of "
"B<mount>(8).)  Each suboption may include an associated value, which is "
"separated from the suboption name by an equal sign.  The following is an "
"example of the kind of string that might be passed in I<optionp>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:67
msgid "B<ro,name=xyz>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:77
msgid ""
"The I<tokens> argument is a pointer to a NULL-terminated array of pointers "
"to the tokens that B<getsubopt>()  will look for in I<optionp>.  The tokens "
"should be distinct, null-terminated strings containing at least one "
"character, with no embedded equal signs or commas."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:98
msgid ""
"Each call to B<getsubopt>()  returns information about the next unprocessed "
"suboption in I<optionp>.  The first equal sign in a suboption (if any) is "
"interpreted as a separator between the name and the value of that "
"suboption.  The value extends to the next comma, or (for the last suboption) "
"to the end of the string.  If the name of the suboption matches a known name "
"from I<tokens>, and a value string was found, B<getsubopt>()  sets "
"I<*valuep> to the address of that string.  The first comma in I<optionp> is "
"overwritten with a null byte, so I<*valuep> is precisely the \"value "
"string\" for that suboption."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:102
msgid ""
"If the suboption is recognized, but no value string was found, I<*valuep> is "
"set to NULL."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:110
msgid ""
"When B<getsubopt>()  returns, I<optionp> points to the next suboption, or to "
"the null byte (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq) at the end of the string if the last "
"suboption was just processed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:122
msgid ""
"If the first suboption in I<optionp> is recognized, B<getsubopt>()  returns "
"the index of the matching suboption element in I<tokens>.  Otherwise, -1 is "
"returned and I<*valuep> is the entire I<name>B<[=>I<value>B<]> string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:129
msgid ""
"Since I<*optionp> is changed, the first suboption before the call to "
"B<getsubopt>()  is not (necessarily) the same as the first suboption after "
"B<getsubopt>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:134
msgid "The B<getsubopt>()  function is thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:143
msgid ""
"Since B<getsubopt>()  overwrites any commas it finds in the string "
"I<*optionp>, that string must be writable; it cannot be a string constant."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:145
msgid "The following program expects suboptions following a \"-o\" option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:151
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>assert.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:169
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
"{\n"
"    enum {\n"
"        RO_OPT = 0,\n"
"        RW_OPT,\n"
"        NAME_OPT\n"
"    };\n"
"    char *const token[] = {\n"
"        [RO_OPT]   = \"ro\",\n"
"        [RW_OPT]   = \"rw\",\n"
"        [NAME_OPT] = \"name\",\n"
"        NULL\n"
"    };\n"
"    char *subopts;\n"
"    char *value;\n"
"    int opt;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:174
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    int readonly = 0;\n"
"    int readwrite = 0;\n"
"    char *name = NULL;\n"
"    int errfnd = 0;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:180
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, \"o:\")) != -1) {\n"
"        switch (opt) {\n"
"        case \\(aqo\\(aq:\n"
"            subopts = optarg;\n"
"            while (*subopts != \\(aq\\e0\\(aq && !errfnd) {\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:185
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"            switch (getsubopt(&subopts, token, &value)) {\n"
"            case RO_OPT:\n"
"                readonly = 1;\n"
"                break;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:189
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"            case RW_OPT:\n"
"                readwrite = 1;\n"
"                break;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:197
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"            case NAME_OPT:\n"
"                if (value == NULL) {\n"
"                    fprintf(stderr, \"Missing value for \"\n"
"                            \"suboption \\(aq%s\\(aq\\en\", "
"token[NAME_OPT]);\n"
"                    errfnd = 1;\n"
"                    continue;\n"
"                }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:200
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"                name = value;\n"
"                break;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:214
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"            default:\n"
"                fprintf(stderr, \"No match found \"\n"
"                        \"for token: /%s/\\en\", value);\n"
"                errfnd = 1;\n"
"                break;\n"
"            }\n"
"        }\n"
"        if (readwrite && readonly) {\n"
"            fprintf(stderr, \"Only one of \\(aq%s\\(aq and \\(aq%s\\(aq can "
"be \"\n"
"                    \"specified\\en\", token[RO_OPT], token[RW_OPT]);\n"
"            errfnd = 1;\n"
"        }\n"
"        break;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:219
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        default:\n"
"            errfnd = 1;\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:226
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (errfnd || argc == 1) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\enUsage: %s -o E<lt>suboptstringE<gt>\\en\", "
"argv[0]);\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"suboptions are \\(aqro\\(aq, \\(aqrw\\(aq, \"\n"
"                \"and \\(aqname=E<lt>valueE<gt>\\(aq\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:228
#, no-wrap
msgid "    /* Remainder of program... */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/getsubopt.3:234
msgid "B<getopt>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "MALLOC"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-05-21"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:36
msgid "malloc, free, calloc, realloc - allocate and free dynamic memory"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:44
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<void *malloc(size_t >I<size>B<);>\n"
"B<void free(void >I<*ptr>B<);>\n"
"B<void *calloc(size_t >I<nmemb>B<, size_t >I<size>B<);>\n"
"B<void *realloc(void >I<*ptr>B<, size_t >I<size>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#.  glibc does this:
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:61
msgid ""
"The B<malloc>()  function allocates I<size> bytes and returns a pointer to "
"the allocated memory.  I<The memory is not initialized>.  If I<size> is 0, "
"then B<malloc>()  returns either NULL, or a unique pointer value that can "
"later be successfully passed to B<free>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:77
msgid ""
"The B<free>()  function frees the memory space pointed to by I<ptr>, which "
"must have been returned by a previous call to B<malloc>(), B<calloc>(), or "
"B<realloc>().  Otherwise, or if I<free(ptr)> has already been called before, "
"undefined behavior occurs.  If I<ptr> is NULL, no operation is performed."
msgstr ""

#.  glibc does this:
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:96
msgid ""
"The B<calloc>()  function allocates memory for an array of I<nmemb> elements "
"of I<size> bytes each and returns a pointer to the allocated memory.  The "
"memory is set to zero.  If I<nmemb> or I<size> is 0, then B<calloc>()  "
"returns either NULL, or a unique pointer value that can later be "
"successfully passed to B<free>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:132
msgid ""
"The B<realloc>()  function changes the size of the memory block pointed to "
"by I<ptr> to I<size> bytes.  The contents will be unchanged in the range "
"from the start of the region up to the minimum of the old and new sizes.  If "
"the new size is larger than the old size, the added memory will I<not> be "
"initialized.  If I<ptr> is NULL, then the call is equivalent to "
"I<malloc(size)>, for all values of I<size>; if I<size> is equal to zero, and "
"I<ptr> is not NULL, then the call is equivalent to I<free(ptr)>.  Unless "
"I<ptr> is NULL, it must have been returned by an earlier call to "
"B<malloc>(), B<calloc>()  or B<realloc>().  If the area pointed to was "
"moved, a I<free(ptr)> is done."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:152
msgid ""
"The B<malloc>()  and B<calloc>()  functions return a pointer to the "
"allocated memory, which is suitably aligned for any built-in type.  On "
"error, these functions return NULL.  NULL may also be returned by a "
"successful call to B<malloc>()  with a I<size> of zero, or by a successful "
"call to B<calloc>()  with I<nmemb> or I<size> equal to zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:156
msgid "The B<free>()  function returns no value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:171
msgid ""
"The B<realloc>()  function returns a pointer to the newly allocated memory, "
"which is suitably aligned for any built-in type and may be different from "
"I<ptr>, or NULL if the request fails.  If I<size> was equal to 0, either "
"NULL or a pointer suitable to be passed to B<free>()  is returned.  If "
"B<realloc>()  fails, the original block is left untouched; it is not freed "
"or moved."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:173
msgid "C89, C99."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:189
msgid ""
"By default, Linux follows an optimistic memory allocation strategy.  This "
"means that when B<malloc>()  returns non-NULL there is no guarantee that the "
"memory really is available.  In case it turns out that the system is out of "
"memory, one or more processes will be killed by the OOM killer.  For more "
"information, see the description of I</proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory> and "
"I</proc/sys/vm/oom_adj> in B<proc>(5), and the Linux kernel source file "
"I<Documentation/vm/overcommit-accounting>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:210
msgid ""
"Normally, B<malloc>()  allocates memory from the heap, and adjusts the size "
"of the heap as required, using B<sbrk>(2).  When allocating blocks of memory "
"larger than B<MMAP_THRESHOLD> bytes, the glibc B<malloc>()  implementation "
"allocates the memory as a private anonymous mapping using B<mmap>(2).  "
"B<MMAP_THRESHOLD> is 128 kB by default, but is adjustable using "
"B<mallopt>(3).  Allocations performed using B<mmap>(2)  are unaffected by "
"the B<RLIMIT_DATA> resource limit (see B<getrlimit>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:228
msgid ""
"To avoid corruption in multithreaded applications, mutexes are used "
"internally to protect the memory-management data structures employed by "
"these functions.  In a multithreaded application in which threads "
"simultaneously allocate and free memory, there could be contention for these "
"mutexes.  To scalably handle memory allocation in multithreaded "
"applications, glibc creates additional I<memory allocation arenas> if mutex "
"contention is detected.  Each arena is a large region of memory that is "
"internally allocated by the system (using B<brk>(2)  or B<mmap>(2)), and "
"managed with its own mutexes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:246
msgid ""
"The UNIX 98 standard requires B<malloc>(), B<calloc>(), and B<realloc>()  to "
"set I<errno> to B<ENOMEM> upon failure.  Glibc assumes that this is done "
"(and the glibc versions of these routines do this); if you use a private "
"malloc implementation that does not set I<errno>, then certain library "
"routines may fail without having a reason in I<errno>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:255
msgid ""
"Crashes in B<malloc>(), B<calloc>(), B<realloc>(), or B<free>()  are almost "
"always related to heap corruption, such as overflowing an allocated chunk or "
"freeing the same pointer twice."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:261
msgid ""
"The B<malloc>()  implementation is tunable via environment variables; see "
"B<mallopt>(3)  for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/malloc.3:285
msgid ""
"B<brk>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<alloca>(3), B<malloc_get_state>(3), "
"B<malloc_info>(3), B<malloc_trim>(3), B<malloc_usable_size>(3), "
"B<mallopt>(3), B<mcheck>(3), B<mtrace>(3), B<posix_memalign>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:16
#, no-wrap
msgid "MBLEN"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:16
#, no-wrap
msgid "2013-06-21"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:19
msgid "mblen - determine number of bytes in next multibyte character"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int mblen(const char *>I<s>B<, size_t >I<n>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:43
msgid ""
"If I<s> is not NULL, the B<mblen>()  function inspects at most I<n> bytes of "
"the multibyte string starting at I<s> and extracts the next complete "
"multibyte character.  It uses a static anonymous shift state known only to "
"the B<mblen>()  function.  If the multibyte character is not the null wide "
"character, it returns the number of bytes that were consumed from I<s>.  If "
"the multibyte character is the null wide character, it returns 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:57
msgid ""
"If the I<n> bytes starting at I<s> do not contain a complete multibyte "
"character, B<mblen>()  returns -1.  This can happen even if I<n> is greater "
"than or equal to I<MB_CUR_MAX>, if the multibyte string contains redundant "
"shift sequences."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:64
msgid ""
"If the multibyte string starting at I<s> contains an invalid multibyte "
"sequence before the next complete character, B<mblen>()  also returns -1."
msgstr ""

#.  The Dinkumware doc and the Single UNIX specification say this, but
#.  glibc doesn't implement this.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:75
msgid ""
"If I<s> is NULL, the B<mblen>()  function resets the shift state, known to "
"only this function, to the initial state, and returns nonzero if the "
"encoding has nontrivial shift state, or zero if the encoding is stateless."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:87
msgid ""
"The B<mblen>()  function returns the number of bytes parsed from the "
"multibyte sequence starting at I<s>, if a non-null wide character was "
"recognized.  It returns 0, if a null wide character was recognized.  It "
"returns -1, if an invalid multibyte sequence was encountered or if it "
"couldn't parse a complete multibyte character."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:92
msgid "The B<mblen>()  function is not thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:94 build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:96 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:115 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:91 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:91
msgid "C99."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:101
msgid ""
"The behavior of B<mblen>()  depends on the B<LC_CTYPE> category of the "
"current locale."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:106
msgid ""
"The function B<mbrlen>(3)  provides a better interface to the same "
"functionality."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mblen.3:108
msgid "B<mbrlen>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:18
#, no-wrap
msgid "MBSTOWCS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:18 build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:16 build/C/man3/strtol.3:31 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:33 build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:16 build/C/man3/wctomb.3:16
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-03-18"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:21
msgid "mbstowcs - convert a multibyte string to a wide-character string"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:26
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t *>I<dest>B<, const char *>I<src>B<, size_t "
">I<n>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:45
msgid ""
"If I<dest> is not NULL, the B<mbstowcs>()  function converts the multibyte "
"string I<src> to a wide-character string starting at I<dest>.  At most I<n> "
"wide characters are written to I<dest>.  The conversion starts in the "
"initial state.  The conversion can stop for three reasons:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "1."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:50
msgid ""
"An invalid multibyte sequence has been encountered.  In this case, "
"I<(size_t)\\ -1> is returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:50
#, no-wrap
msgid "2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:58
msgid ""
"I<n> non-L\\(aq\\e0\\(aq wide characters have been stored at I<dest>.  In "
"this case, the number of wide characters written to I<dest> is returned, but "
"the shift state at this point is lost."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:58
#, no-wrap
msgid "3."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:64
msgid ""
"The multibyte string has been completely converted, including the "
"terminating null wide character (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq).  In this case, the number "
"of wide characters written to I<dest>, excluding the terminating null wide "
"character, is returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:70
msgid ""
"The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least I<n> wide "
"characters at I<dest>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:78
msgid ""
"If I<dest> is NULL, I<n> is ignored, and the conversion proceeds as above, "
"except that the converted wide characters are not written out to memory, and "
"that no length limit exists."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:84
msgid ""
"In order to avoid the case 2 above, the programmer should make sure I<n> is "
"greater than or equal to I<mbstowcs(NULL,src,0)+1>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:94
msgid ""
"The B<mbstowcs>()  function returns the number of wide characters that make "
"up the converted part of the wide-character string, not including the "
"terminating null wide character.  If an invalid multibyte sequence was "
"encountered, I<(size_t)\\ -1> is returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:103
msgid ""
"The behavior of B<mbstowcs>()  depends on the B<LC_CTYPE> category of the "
"current locale."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:108
msgid ""
"The function B<mbsrtowcs>(3)  provides a better interface to the same "
"functionality."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:113
msgid ""
"The program below illustrates the use of B<mbstowcs>(), as well as some of "
"the wide character classification functions.  An example run is the "
"following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:120
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ./t_mbstowcs de_DE.UTF-8 Grüße!\n"
"Length of source string (excluding terminator):\n"
"    8 bytes\n"
"    6 multibyte characters\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:128
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Wide character string is: Grüße! (6 characters)\n"
"    G alpha upper\n"
"    r alpha lower\n"
"    ü alpha lower\n"
"    ß alpha lower\n"
"    e alpha lower\n"
"    ! !alpha\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:130 build/C/man3/strtol.3:248
#, no-wrap
msgid "Program source"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:137
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#include E<lt>locale.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>wchar.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:144
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    size_t mbslen;      /* Number of multibyte characters in source */\n"
"    wchar_t *wcs;       /* Pointer to converted wide character string */\n"
"    wchar_t *wp;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:149
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>localeE<gt> E<lt>stringE<gt>\\en\", "
"argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:151
#, no-wrap
msgid "    /* Apply the specified locale */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:156
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (setlocale(LC_ALL, argv[1]) == NULL) {\n"
"        perror(\"setlocale\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:159
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Calculate the length required to hold argv[2] converted to\n"
"       a wide character string */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:165
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    mbslen = mbstowcs(NULL, argv[2], 0);\n"
"    if (mbslen == (size_t) -1) {\n"
"        perror(\"mbstowcs\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:167
#, no-wrap
msgid "    /* Describe the source string to the user */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:171
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    printf(\"Length of source string (excluding terminator):\\en\");\n"
"    printf(\"    %zu bytes\\en\", strlen(argv[2]));\n"
"    printf(\"    %zu multibyte characters\\en\\en\", mbslen);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:174
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Allocate wide character string of the desired size.  Add 1\n"
"       to allow for terminating null wide character (L\\(aq\\e0\\(aq). */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:180
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    wcs = calloc(mbslen + 1, sizeof(wchar_t));\n"
"    if (wcs == NULL) {\n"
"        perror(\"calloc\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:183
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Convert the multibyte character string in argv[2] to a\n"
"       wide character string */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:188
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (mbstowcs(wcs, argv[2], mbslen + 1) == (size_t) -1) {\n"
"        perror(\"mbstowcs\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:191
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    printf(\"Wide character string is: %ls (%zu characters)\\en\",\n"
"            wcs, mbslen);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:194
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Now do some inspection of the classes of the characters in\n"
"       the wide character string */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:197
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    for (wp = wcs; *wp != 0; wp++) {\n"
"        printf(\"    %lc \", (wint_t) *wp);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:201
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        if (!iswalpha(*wp))\n"
"            printf(\"!\");\n"
"        printf(\"alpha \");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:205
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        if (iswalpha(*wp)) {\n"
"            if (iswupper(*wp))\n"
"                printf(\"upper \");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:209
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"            if (iswlower(*wp))\n"
"                printf(\"lower \");\n"
"        }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:212
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        putchar(\\(aq\\en\\(aq);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbstowcs.3:222
msgid "B<mblen>(3), B<mbsrtowcs>(3), B<mbtowc>(3), B<wctomb>(3), B<wcstombs>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:16
#, no-wrap
msgid "MBTOWC"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:19
msgid "mbtowc - convert a multibyte sequence to a wide character"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int mbtowc(wchar_t *>I<pwc>B<, const char *>I<s>B<, size_t >I<n>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:50
msgid ""
"The main case for this function is when I<s> is not NULL and I<pwc> is not "
"NULL.  In this case, the B<mbtowc>()  function inspects at most I<n> bytes "
"of the multibyte string starting at I<s>, extracts the next complete "
"multibyte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at "
"I<*pwc>.  It updates an internal shift state known only to the B<mbtowc>()  "
"function.  If I<s> does not point to a null byte (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq), it "
"returns the number of bytes that were consumed from I<s>, otherwise it "
"returns 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:64
msgid ""
"If the I<n> bytes starting at I<s> do not contain a complete multibyte "
"character, or if they contain an invalid multibyte sequence, B<mbtowc>()  "
"returns -1.  This can happen even if I<n> E<gt>= I<MB_CUR_MAX>, if the "
"multibyte string contains redundant shift sequences."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:74
msgid ""
"A different case is when I<s> is not NULL but I<pwc> is NULL.  In this case, "
"the B<mbtowc>()  function behaves as above, except that it does not store "
"the converted wide character in memory."
msgstr ""

#.  The Dinkumware doc and the Single UNIX specification say this, but
#.  glibc doesn't implement this.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:93
msgid ""
"A third case is when I<s> is NULL.  In this case, I<pwc> and I<n> are "
"ignored.  The B<mbtowc>()  function resets the shift state, only known to "
"this function, to the initial state, and returns nonzero if the encoding has "
"nontrivial shift state, or zero if the encoding is stateless."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:105
msgid ""
"If I<s> is not NULL, the B<mbtowc>()  function returns the number of "
"consumed bytes starting at I<s>, or 0 if I<s> points to a null byte, or -1 "
"upon failure."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:113
msgid ""
"If I<s> is NULL, the B<mbtowc>()  function returns nonzero if the encoding "
"has nontrivial shift state, or zero if the encoding is stateless."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:122
msgid ""
"The behavior of B<mbtowc>()  depends on the B<LC_CTYPE> category of the "
"current locale."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:128
msgid ""
"This function is not multithread safe.  The function B<mbrtowc>(3)  provides "
"a better interface to the same functionality."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mbtowc.3:135
msgid ""
"B<MB_CUR_MAX>(3), B<mblen>(3), B<mbrtowc>(3), B<mbstowcs>(3), B<wctomb>(3), "
"B<wcstombs>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "MKDTEMP"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:26 build/C/man3/system.3:31
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-06-13"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:29
msgid "mkdtemp - create a unique temporary directory"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<char *mkdtemp(char *>I<template>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:42
msgid "B<mkdtemp>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:47
msgid "_BSD_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:49
msgid "|| /* Since glibc 2.10: */"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:51
msgid "(_POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 200809L || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 700)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:68
msgid ""
"The B<mkdtemp>()  function generates a uniquely named temporary directory "
"from I<template>.  The last six characters of I<template> must be XXXXXX and "
"these are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.  The "
"directory is then created with permissions 0700.  Since it will be modified, "
"I<template> must not be a string constant, but should be declared as a "
"character array."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:75
msgid ""
"The B<mkdtemp>()  function returns a pointer to the modified template string "
"on success, and NULL on failure, in which case I<errno> is set "
"appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:76 build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:166 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:92 build/C/man3/random.3:141 build/C/man3/random.3:148 build/C/man3/random_r.3:106 build/C/man3/random_r.3:110 build/C/man3/random_r.3:119 build/C/man3/setenv.3:120 build/C/man3/strtol.3:145 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:149 build/C/man2/getrandom.2:142
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:80
msgid ""
"The last six characters of I<template> were not XXXXXX.  Now I<template> is "
"unchanged."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:84
msgid "Also see B<mkdir>(2)  for other possible values for I<errno>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:86
msgid "Available since glibc 2.1.91."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:91
msgid "The B<mkdtemp>()  function is thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#.  As at 2006, this function is being considered for a revision of POSIX.1
#.  Also in NetBSD 1.4.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:96
msgid "POSIX.1-2008.  This function is present on the BSDs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkdtemp.3:103
msgid ""
"B<mkdir>(2), B<mkstemp>(3), B<mktemp>(3), B<tempnam>(3), B<tmpfile>(3), "
"B<tmpnam>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:35
#, no-wrap
msgid "MKSTEMP"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:38
msgid "mkstemp, mkostemp, mkstemps, mkostemps - create a unique temporary file"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int mkstemp(char *>I<template>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int mkostemp(char *>I<template>B<, int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int mkstemps(char *>I<template>B<, int >I<suffixlen>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:49
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int mkostemps(char *>I<template>B<, int >I<suffixlen>B<, int "
">I<flags>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:57
msgid "B<mkstemp>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:62 build/C/man3/mktemp.3:63
msgid ""
"_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || "
"_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:64
msgid "|| /* Since glibc 2.12: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 200112L"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:70
msgid "B<mkostemp>(): _GNU_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:73
msgid "B<mkstemps>(): _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:76
msgid "B<mkostemps>(): _GNU_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:83
msgid ""
"The B<mkstemp>()  function generates a unique temporary filename from "
"I<template>, creates and opens the file, and returns an open file descriptor "
"for the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:91
msgid ""
"The last six characters of I<template> must be \"XXXXXX\" and these are "
"replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.  Since it will be "
"modified, I<template> must not be a string constant, but should be declared "
"as a character array."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:99
msgid ""
"The file is created with permissions 0600, that is, read plus write for "
"owner only.  The returned file descriptor provides both read and write "
"access to the file.  The file is opened with the B<open>(2)  B<O_EXCL> flag, "
"guaranteeing that the caller is the process that creates the file."
msgstr ""

#.  Reportedly, FreeBSD
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:130
msgid ""
"The B<mkostemp>()  function is like B<mkstemp>(), with the difference that "
"the following bits\\(emwith the same meaning as for B<open>(2)\\(emmay be "
"specified in I<flags>: B<O_APPEND>, B<O_CLOEXEC>, and B<O_SYNC>.  Note that "
"when creating the file, B<mkostemp>()  includes the values B<O_RDWR>, "
"B<O_CREAT>, and B<O_EXCL> in the I<flags> argument given to B<open>(2); "
"including these values in the I<flags> argument given to B<mkostemp>()  is "
"unnecessary, and produces errors on some systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:146
msgid ""
"The B<mkstemps>()  function is like B<mkstemp>(), except that the string in "
"I<template> contains a suffix of I<suffixlen> characters.  Thus, I<template> "
"is of the form I<prefixXXXXXXsuffix>, and the string XXXXXX is modified as "
"for B<mkstemp>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:155
msgid ""
"The B<mkostemps>()  function is to B<mkstemps>()  as B<mkostemp>()  is to "
"B<mkstemp>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:161
msgid ""
"On success, these functions return the file descriptor of the temporary "
"file.  On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:162
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EEXIST>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:166
msgid ""
"Could not create a unique temporary filename.  Now the contents of "
"I<template> are undefined."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:174
msgid ""
"For B<mkstemp>()  and B<mkostemp>(): The last six characters of I<template> "
"were not XXXXXX; now I<template> is unchanged."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:185
msgid ""
"For B<mkstemps>()  and B<mkostemps>(): I<template> is less than I<(6 + "
"suffixlen)> characters long, or the last 6 characters before the suffix in "
"I<template> were not XXXXXX."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:188
msgid ""
"These functions may also fail with any of the errors described for "
"B<open>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:195
msgid ""
"B<mkostemp>()  is available since glibc 2.7.  B<mkstemps>()  and "
"B<mkostemps>()  are available since glibc 2.11."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:204
msgid ""
"The B<mkstemp>(), B<mkostemp>(), B<mkstemps>(), and B<mkostemps>()  "
"functions are thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:207
msgid "B<mkstemp>(): 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#.  mkstemps() appears to be at least on the BSDs, Mac OS X, Solaris,
#.  and Tru64.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:212
msgid "B<mkstemps>(): unstandardized, but appears on several other systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:217
msgid "B<mkostemp>()  and B<mkostemps>(): are glibc extensions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:224
msgid ""
"In glibc versions 2.06 and earlier, the file is created with permissions "
"0666, that is, read and write for all users.  This old behavior may be a "
"security risk, especially since other UNIX flavors use 0600, and somebody "
"might overlook this detail when porting programs.  POSIX.1-2008 adds a "
"requirement that the file be created with mode 0600."
msgstr ""

#
#.  The prototype for
#.  .BR mktemp ()
#.  is in
#.  .I <unistd.h>
#.  for libc4, libc5, glibc1; glibc2 follows POSIX.1 and has the prototype in
#.  .IR <stdlib.h> .
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:242
msgid ""
"More generally, the POSIX specification of B<mkstemp>()  does not say "
"anything about file modes, so the application should make sure its file mode "
"creation mask (see B<umask>(2))  is set appropriately before calling "
"B<mkstemp>()  (and B<mkostemp>())."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mkstemp.3:248
msgid "B<mkdtemp>(3), B<mktemp>(3), B<tempnam>(3), B<tmpfile>(3), B<tmpnam>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "MKTEMP"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:37
msgid "mktemp - make a unique temporary filename"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:42
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<char *mktemp(char *>I<template>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:50
msgid "B<mktemp>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:59
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE ||\n"
"    (_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 ||\n"
"         _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED) &&\n"
"    !(_POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 200112L || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 600)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:69
msgid "I<Never use this function>; see NOTES."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:80
msgid ""
"The B<mktemp>()  function generates a unique temporary filename from "
"I<template>.  The last six characters of I<template> must be XXXXXX and "
"these are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.  Since it "
"will be modified, I<template> must not be a string constant, but should be "
"declared as a character array."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:91
msgid ""
"The B<mktemp>()  function always returns I<template>.  If a unique name was "
"created, the last six bytes of I<template> will have been modified in such a "
"way that the resulting name is unique (i.e., does not exist already)  If a "
"unique name could not be created, I<template> is made an empty string, and "
"I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:95
msgid "The last six characters of I<template> were not XXXXXX."
msgstr ""

#.  .SH NOTES
#.  The prototype is in
#.  .I <unistd.h>
#.  for libc4, libc5, glibc1; glibc2 follows the Single UNIX Specification
#.  and has the prototype in
#.  .IR <stdlib.h> .
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:105
msgid ""
"4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.  POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of "
"B<mktemp>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:118
msgid ""
"Never use B<mktemp>().  Some implementations follow 4.3BSD and replace "
"XXXXXX by the current process ID and a single letter, so that at most 26 "
"different names can be returned.  Since on the one hand the names are easy "
"to guess, and on the other hand there is a race between testing whether the "
"name exists and opening the file, every use of B<mktemp>()  is a security "
"risk.  The race is avoided by B<mkstemp>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/mktemp.3:123
msgid "B<mkstemp>(3), B<tempnam>(3), B<tmpfile>(3), B<tmpnam>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/on_exit.3:31
#, no-wrap
msgid "ON_EXIT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/on_exit.3:34
msgid "on_exit - register a function to be called at normal process termination"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/on_exit.3:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int on_exit(void (*>I<function>B<)(int , void *), void *>I<arg>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/on_exit.3:48
msgid "B<on_exit>(): _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/on_exit.3:66
msgid ""
"The B<on_exit>()  function registers the given I<function> to be called at "
"normal process termination, whether via B<exit>(3)  or via return from the "
"program's I<main>().  The I<function> is passed the status argument given to "
"the last call to B<exit>(3)  and the I<arg> argument from B<on_exit>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/on_exit.3:81
msgid ""
"The B<on_exit>()  function returns the value 0 if successful; otherwise it "
"returns a nonzero value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/on_exit.3:87
msgid ""
"This function comes from SunOS 4, but is also present in glibc.  It no "
"longer occurs in Solaris (SunOS 5).  Portable application should avoid this "
"function, and use the standard B<atexit>(3)  instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/on_exit.3:91
msgid "B<_exit>(2), B<atexit>(3), B<exit>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:36
#, no-wrap
msgid "PUTENV"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:39
msgid "putenv - change or add an environment variable"
msgstr ""

#.  Not: const char *
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int putenv(char *>I<string>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:54
msgid "B<putenv>(): _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:67
msgid ""
"The B<putenv>()  function adds or changes the value of environment "
"variables.  The argument I<string> is of the form I<name>=I<value>.  If "
"I<name> does not already exist in the environment, then I<string> is added "
"to the environment.  If I<name> does exist, then the value of I<name> in the "
"environment is changed to I<value>.  The string pointed to by I<string> "
"becomes part of the environment, so altering the string changes the "
"environment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:75
msgid ""
"The B<putenv>()  function returns zero on success, or nonzero if an error "
"occurs.  In the event of an error, I<errno> is set to indicate the cause."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:76 build/C/man3/setenv.3:125
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOMEM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:79
msgid "Insufficient space to allocate new environment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:81
msgid "SVr4, POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD."
msgstr ""

#.  .LP
#.  Description for libc4, libc5, glibc:
#.  If the argument \fIstring\fP is of the form \fIname\fP,
#.  and does not contain an \(aq=\(aq character, then the variable \fIname\fP
#.  is removed from the environment.
#.  If
#.  .BR putenv ()
#.  has to allocate a new array \fIenviron\fP,
#.  and the previous array was also allocated by
#.  .BR putenv (),
#.  then it will be freed.
#.  In no case will the old storage associated
#.  to the environment variable itself be freed.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:99
msgid ""
"The B<putenv>()  function is not required to be reentrant, and the one in "
"glibc 2.0 is not, but the glibc 2.1 version is."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:114
msgid ""
"Since version 2.1.2, the glibc implementation conforms to SUSv2: the pointer "
"I<string> given to B<putenv>()  is used.  In particular, this string becomes "
"part of the environment; changing it later will change the environment.  "
"(Thus, it is an error is to call B<putenv>()  with an automatic variable as "
"the argument, then return from the calling function while I<string> is still "
"part of the environment.)  However, glibc versions 2.0 to 2.1.1 differ: a "
"copy of the string is used.  On the one hand this causes a memory leak, and "
"on the other hand it violates SUSv2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:116
msgid "The 4.4BSD version, like glibc 2.0, uses a copy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:118
msgid "SUSv2 removes the I<const> from the prototype, and so does glibc 2.1.3."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/putenv.3:124
msgid "B<clearenv>(3), B<getenv>(3), B<setenv>(3), B<unsetenv>(3), B<environ>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:28
#, no-wrap
msgid "QECVT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:31
msgid "qecvt, qfcvt, qgcvt - convert a floating-point number to a string"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:36
msgid ""
"B<char *qecvt(long double >I<number>B<, int >I<ndigits>B<, int "
"*>I<decpt>B<,> B<int *>I<sign>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:39
msgid ""
"B<char *qfcvt(long double >I<number>B<, int >I<ndigits>B<, int "
"*>I<decpt>B<,> B<int *>I<sign>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:41
msgid "B<char *qgcvt(long double >I<number>B<, int >I<ndigit>B<, char *>I<buf>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:52
msgid "B<qecvt>(), B<qfcvt>(), B<qgcvt>(): _SVID_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:85
msgid ""
"The functions B<qecvt>(), B<qfcvt>(), and B<qgcvt>()  are identical to "
"B<ecvt>(3), B<fcvt>(3), and B<gcvt>(3)  respectively, except that they use a "
"I<long double> argument I<number>.  See B<ecvt>(3)  and B<gcvt>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:92
msgid "The B<qecvt>()  and B<qfcvt>()  functions are not thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:96
msgid "The B<qgcvt>()  function is thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#.  Not supported by libc4 and libc5.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:102
msgid ""
"SVr4.  Not seen in most common UNIX implementations, but occurs in SunOS.  "
"Supported by glibc."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:107
msgid "These functions are obsolete.  Instead, B<snprintf>(3)  is recommended."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/qecvt.3:112
msgid "B<ecvt>(3), B<ecvt_r>(3), B<gcvt>(3), B<sprintf>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "RAND"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-01-18"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:44
msgid "rand, rand_r, srand - pseudo-random number generator"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:49
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int rand(void);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:51
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int rand_r(unsigned int *>I<seedp>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:53
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<void srand(unsigned int >I<seed>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:62
msgid "B<rand_r>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:68
msgid ""
"The B<rand>()  function returns a pseudo-random integer in the range 0 to "
"B<RAND_MAX> inclusive (i.e., the mathematical range [0,\\ B<RAND_MAX>])."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:77
msgid ""
"The B<srand>()  function sets its argument as the seed for a new sequence of "
"pseudo-random integers to be returned by B<rand>().  These sequences are "
"repeatable by calling B<srand>()  with the same seed value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:81
msgid ""
"If no seed value is provided, the B<rand>()  function is automatically "
"seeded with a value of 1."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:92
msgid ""
"The function B<rand>()  is not reentrant or thread-safe, since it uses "
"hidden state that is modified on each call.  This might just be the seed "
"value to be used by the next call, or it might be something more elaborate.  "
"In order to get reproducible behavior in a threaded application, this state "
"must be made explicit; this can be done using the reentrant function "
"B<rand_r>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:108
msgid ""
"Like B<rand>(), B<rand_r>()  returns a pseudo-random integer in the range "
"[0,\\ B<RAND_MAX>].  The I<seedp> argument is a pointer to an I<unsigned "
"int> that is used to store state between calls.  If B<rand_r>()  is called "
"with the same initial value for the integer pointed to by I<seedp>, and that "
"value is not modified between calls, then the same pseudo-random sequence "
"will result."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:118
msgid ""
"The value pointed to by the I<seedp> argument of B<rand_r>()  provides only "
"a very small amount of state, so this function will be a weak pseudo-random "
"generator.  Try B<drand48_r>(3)  instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:129
msgid ""
"The B<rand>()  and B<rand_r>()  functions return a value between 0 and "
"B<RAND_MAX> (inclusive).  The B<srand>()  function returns no value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:141
msgid ""
"The functions B<rand>()  and B<srand>()  conform to SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89, C99, "
"POSIX.1-2001.  The function B<rand_r>()  is from POSIX.1-2001.  POSIX.1-2008 "
"marks B<rand_r>()  as obsolete."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:160
msgid ""
"The versions of B<rand>()  and B<srand>()  in the Linux C Library use the "
"same random number generator as B<random>(3)  and B<srandom>(3), so the "
"lower-order bits should be as random as the higher-order bits.  However, on "
"older B<rand>()  implementations, and on current implementations on "
"different systems, the lower-order bits are much less random than the "
"higher-order bits.  Do not use this function in applications intended to be "
"portable when good randomness is needed.  (Use B<random>(3)  instead.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:166
msgid ""
"POSIX.1-2001 gives the following example of an implementation of B<rand>()  "
"and B<srand>(), possibly useful when one needs the same sequence on two "
"different machines."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:170
#, no-wrap
msgid "static unsigned long next = 1;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:176
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* RAND_MAX assumed to be 32767 */\n"
"int myrand(void) {\n"
"    next = next * 1103515245 + 12345;\n"
"    return((unsigned)(next/65536) % 32768);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:180
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"void mysrand(unsigned int seed) {\n"
"    next = seed;\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:187
msgid ""
"The following program can be used to display the pseudo-random sequence "
"produced by B<rand>()  when given a particular seed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:192
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:198
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int j, r, nloops;\n"
"    unsigned int seed;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:203
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc != 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>seedE<gt> E<lt>nloopsE<gt>\\en\", "
"argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:206
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    seed = atoi(argv[1]);\n"
"    nloops = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:212
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    srand(seed);\n"
"    for (j = 0; j E<lt> nloops; j++) {\n"
"        r =  rand();\n"
"        printf(\"%d\\en\", r);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rand.3:220
msgid "B<drand48>(3), B<random>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/random.3:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "RANDOM"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/random.3:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "2015-02-01"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:36
msgid "random, srandom, initstate, setstate - random number generator"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<long int random(void);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<void srandom(unsigned int >I<seed>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<char *initstate(unsigned int >I<seed>B<, char *>I<state>B<, size_t "
">I<n>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<char *setstate(char *>I<state>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:59
msgid "B<random>(), B<srandom>(), B<initstate>(), B<setstate>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:62
msgid ""
"_SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || "
"_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:73
msgid ""
"The B<random>()  function uses a nonlinear additive feedback random number "
"generator employing a default table of size 31 long integers to return "
"successive pseudo-random numbers in the range from 0 to B<RAND_MAX>.  The "
"period of this random number generator is very large, approximately I<16\\ "
"*\\ ((2^31)\\ -\\ 1)>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:87
msgid ""
"The B<srandom>()  function sets its argument as the seed for a new sequence "
"of pseudo-random integers to be returned by B<random>().  These sequences "
"are repeatable by calling B<srandom>()  with the same seed value.  If no "
"seed value is provided, the B<random>()  function is automatically seeded "
"with a value of 1."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:102
msgid ""
"The B<initstate>()  function allows a state array I<state> to be initialized "
"for use by B<random>().  The size of the state array I<n> is used by "
"B<initstate>()  to decide how sophisticated a random number generator it "
"should use\\(emthe larger the state array, the better the random numbers "
"will be.  I<seed> is the seed for the initialization, which specifies a "
"starting point for the random number sequence, and provides for restarting "
"at the same point."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:118
msgid ""
"The B<setstate>()  function changes the state array used by the B<random>()  "
"function.  The state array I<state> is used for random number generation "
"until the next call to B<initstate>()  or B<setstate>().  I<state> must "
"first have been initialized using B<initstate>()  or be the result of a "
"previous call of B<setstate>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:126
msgid ""
"The B<random>()  function returns a value between 0 and B<RAND_MAX>.  The "
"B<srandom>()  function returns no value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:133
msgid ""
"The B<initstate>()  function returns a pointer to the previous state array.  "
"On error, I<errno> is set to indicate the cause."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:140
msgid ""
"On success, B<setstate>()  returns a pointer to the previous state array.  "
"On error, it returns NULL, with I<errno> set to indicate the cause of the "
"error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:148
msgid "The I<state> argument given to B<setstate>()  was NULL."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:152
msgid "A state array of less than 8 bytes was specified to B<initstate>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:161
msgid ""
"The B<random>(), B<srandom>(), B<initstate>(), and B<setstate>()  functions "
"are thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:163 build/C/man3/setenv.3:130
msgid "4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:169
msgid ""
"Current \"optimal\" values for the size of the state array I<n> are 8, 32, "
"64, 128, and 256 bytes; other amounts will be rounded down to the nearest "
"known amount.  Using less than 8 bytes will cause an error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:176
msgid ""
"This function should not be used in cases where multiple threads use "
"B<random>()  and the behavior should be reproducible.  Use B<random_r>(3)  "
"for that purpose."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:183
msgid ""
"Random-number generation is a complex topic.  I<Numerical Recipes in C: The "
"Art of Scientific Computing> (William H. Press, Brian P. Flannery, Saul "
"A. Teukolsky, William T. Vetterling; New York: Cambridge University Press, "
"2007, 3rd ed.)  provides an excellent discussion of practical random-number "
"generation issues in Chapter 7 (Random Numbers)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:189
msgid ""
"For a more theoretical discussion which also covers many practical issues in "
"depth, see Chapter 3 (Random Numbers) in Donald E. Knuth's I<The Art of "
"Computer Programming>, volume 2 (Seminumerical Algorithms), 2nd ed.; "
"Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1981."
msgstr ""

#.  http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15380
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:197
msgid ""
"According to POSIX, B<initstate>()  should return NULL on error.  In the "
"glibc implementation, I<errno> is (as specified) set on error, but the "
"function does not return NULL."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random.3:203
msgid "B<drand48>(3), B<getrandom>(2), B<rand>(3), B<random_r>(3), B<srand>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "RANDOM_R"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:30
msgid ""
"random_r, srandom_r, initstate_r, setstate_r - reentrant random number "
"generator"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:35
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int random_r(struct random_data *>I<buf>B<, int32_t *>I<result>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int srandom_r(unsigned int >I<seed>B<, struct random_data *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:40
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int initstate_r(unsigned int >I<seed>B<, char *>I<statebuf>B<,>\n"
"B<                size_t >I<statelen>B<, struct random_data *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:42
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int setstate_r(char *>I<statebuf>B<, struct random_data *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:54
msgid "B<random_r>(), B<srandom_r>(), B<initstate_r>(), B<setstate_r>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:56
msgid "_SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:64
msgid ""
"These functions are the reentrant equivalents of the functions described in "
"B<random>(3).  They are suitable for use in multithreaded programs where "
"each thread needs to obtain an independent, reproducible sequence of random "
"numbers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:75
msgid ""
"The B<random_r>()  function is like B<random>(3), except that instead of "
"using state information maintained in a global variable, it uses the state "
"information in the argument pointed to by I<buf>.  The generated random "
"number is returned in the argument I<result>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:84
msgid ""
"The B<srandom_r>()  function is like B<srandom>(3), except that it "
"initializes the seed for the random number generator whose state is "
"maintained in the object pointed to by I<buf>, instead of the seed "
"associated with the global state variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:92
msgid ""
"The B<initstate_r>()  function is like B<initstate>(3)  except that it "
"initializes the state in the object pointed to by I<buf>, rather than "
"initializing the global state variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:100
msgid ""
"The B<setstate_r>()  function is like B<setstate>(3)  except that it "
"modifies the state in the object pointer to by I<buf>, rather than modifying "
"the global state variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:105
msgid ""
"All of these functions return 0 on success.  On error, -1 is returned, with "
"I<errno> set to indicate the cause of the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:110
msgid "A state array of less than 8 bytes was specified to B<initstate_r>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:119
msgid "The I<statebuf> or I<buf> argument to B<setstate_r>()  was NULL."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:128
msgid "The I<buf> or I<result> argument to B<random_r>()  was NULL."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:137
msgid ""
"The B<random_r>(), B<srandom_r>(), B<initstate_r>(), and B<setstate_r>()  "
"functions are thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#.  These functions appear to be on Tru64, but don't seem to be on
#.  Solaris, HP-UX, or FreeBSD.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/random_r.3:141
msgid "These functions are nonstandard glibc extensions."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "RPMATCH"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:32
msgid "rpmatch - determine if the answer to a question is affirmative or negative"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int rpmatch(const char *>I<response>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:46
msgid "B<rpmatch>(): _SVID_SOURCE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:50
msgid ""
"B<rpmatch>()  handles a user response to yes or no questions, with support "
"for internationalization."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:57
msgid ""
"I<response> should be a null-terminated string containing a user-supplied "
"response, perhaps obtained with B<fgets>(3)  or B<getline>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:67
msgid ""
"The user's language preference is taken into account per the environment "
"variables B<LANG>, B<LC_MESSAGES>, and B<LC_ALL>, if the program has called "
"B<setlocale>(3)  to effect their changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:73
msgid ""
"Regardless of the locale, responses matching B<^[Yy]> are always accepted as "
"affirmative, and those matching B<^[Nn]> are always accepted as negative."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:82
msgid ""
"After examining I<response>, B<rpmatch>()  returns 0 for a recognized "
"negative response (\"no\"), 1 for a recognized positive response (\"yes\"), "
"and -1 when the value of I<response> is unrecognized."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:86
msgid ""
"A return value of -1 may indicate either an invalid input, or some other "
"error.  It is incorrect to only test if the return value is nonzero."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:99
msgid ""
"B<rpmatch>()  can fail for any of the reasons that B<regcomp>(3)  or "
"B<regexec>(3)  can fail; the cause of the error is not available from "
"I<errno> or anywhere else, but indicates a failure of the regex engine (but "
"this case is indistinguishable from that of an unrecognized value of "
"I<response>)."
msgstr ""

#.  It is available on at least AIX 5.1 and FreeBSD 6.0.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:104
msgid ""
"B<rpmatch>()  is not required by any standard, but is available on a few "
"other systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:119
msgid ""
"The B<rpmatch>()  implementation looks at only the first character of "
"I<response>.  As a consequence, \"nyes\" returns 0, and \"ynever; not in a "
"million years\" returns 1.  It would be preferable to accept input strings "
"much more strictly, for example (using the extended regular expression "
"notation described in B<regex>(7)): B<^([yY]|yes|YES)$> and "
"B<^([nN]|no|NO)$>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:123
msgid ""
"The following program displays the results when B<rpmatch>()  is applied to "
"the string given in the program's command-line argument."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:130
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _SVID_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>locale.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:138
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    if (argc != 2 || strcmp(argv[1], \"--help\") == 0) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s response\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:143
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    setlocale(LC_ALL, \"\");\n"
"    printf(\"rpmatch() returns: %d\\en\", rpmatch(argv[1]));\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/rpmatch.3:150
msgid ""
"B<fgets>(3), B<getline>(3), B<nl_langinfo>(3), B<regcomp>(3), "
"B<setlocale>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "SETENV"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "2013-10-11"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:40
msgid "setenv - change or add an environment variable"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int setenv(const char *>I<name>B<, const char *>I<value>B<, int "
">I<overwrite>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int unsetenv(const char *>I<name>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:57
msgid "B<setenv>(), B<unsetenv>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:59
msgid ""
"_BSD_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 200112L || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ "
"E<gt>=\\ 600"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:94
msgid ""
"The B<setenv>()  function adds the variable I<name> to the environment with "
"the value I<value>, if I<name> does not already exist.  If I<name> does "
"exist in the environment, then its value is changed to I<value> if "
"I<overwrite> is nonzero; if I<overwrite> is zero, then the value of I<name> "
"is not changed (and B<setenv>()  returns a success status).  This function "
"makes copies of the strings pointed to by I<name> and I<value> (by contrast "
"with B<putenv>(3))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:105
msgid ""
"The B<unsetenv>()  function deletes the variable I<name> from the "
"environment.  If I<name> does not exist in the environment, then the "
"function succeeds, and the environment is unchanged."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:112
msgid ""
"The B<setenv>()  function returns zero on success, or -1 on error, with "
"I<errno> set to indicate the cause of the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:119
msgid ""
"The B<unsetenv>()  function returns zero on success, or -1 on error, with "
"I<errno> set to indicate the cause of the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:125
msgid ""
"I<name> is NULL, points to a string of length 0, or contains an \\(aq=\\(aq "
"character."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:128
msgid "Insufficient memory to add a new variable to the environment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:136
msgid ""
"POSIX.1-2001 does not require B<setenv>()  or B<unsetenv>()  to be "
"reentrant."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:144
msgid ""
"Prior to glibc 2.2.2, B<unsetenv>()  was prototyped as returning I<void>; "
"more recent glibc versions follow the POSIX.1-2001-compliant prototype shown "
"in the SYNOPSIS."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:153
msgid ""
"POSIX.1-2001 specifies that if I<name> contains an \\(aq=\\(aq character, "
"then B<setenv>()  should fail with the error B<EINVAL>; however, versions of "
"glibc before 2.3.4 allowed an \\(aq=\\(aq sign in I<name>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/setenv.3:158
msgid "B<clearenv>(3), B<getenv>(3), B<putenv>(3), B<environ>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "STRTOD"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:48
msgid "strtod, strtof, strtold - convert ASCII string to floating-point number"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:52
msgid "B<double strtod(const char *>I<nptr>B<, char **>I<endptr>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:54
msgid "B<float strtof(const char *>I<nptr>B<, char **>I<endptr>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:56
msgid "B<long double strtold(const char *>I<nptr>B<, char **>I<endptr>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:65
msgid "B<strtof>(), B<strtold>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:87
msgid ""
"The B<strtod>(), B<strtof>(), and B<strtold>()  functions convert the "
"initial portion of the string pointed to by I<nptr> to I<double>, I<float>, "
"and I<long double> representation, respectively."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:94
msgid ""
"The expected form of the (initial portion of the) string is optional leading "
"white space as recognized by B<isspace>(3), an optional plus (\\(aq+\\(aq) "
"or minus sign (\\(aq-\\(aq) and then either (i) a decimal number, or (ii) a "
"hexadecimal number, or (iii) an infinity, or (iv) a NAN (not-a-number)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:103
msgid ""
"A I<decimal number> consists of a nonempty sequence of decimal digits "
"possibly containing a radix character (decimal point, locale-dependent, "
"usually \\(aq.\\(aq), optionally followed by a decimal exponent.  A decimal "
"exponent consists of an \\(aqE\\(aq or \\(aqe\\(aq, followed by an optional "
"plus or minus sign, followed by a nonempty sequence of decimal digits, and "
"indicates multiplication by a power of 10."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:114
msgid ""
"A I<hexadecimal number> consists of a \"0x\" or \"0X\" followed by a "
"nonempty sequence of hexadecimal digits possibly containing a radix "
"character, optionally followed by a binary exponent.  A binary exponent "
"consists of a \\(aqP\\(aq or \\(aqp\\(aq, followed by an optional plus or "
"minus sign, followed by a nonempty sequence of decimal digits, and indicates "
"multiplication by a power of 2.  At least one of radix character and binary "
"exponent must be present."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:118
msgid "An I<infinity> is either \"INF\" or \"INFINITY\", disregarding case."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:127
msgid ""
"A I<NAN> is \"NAN\" (disregarding case) optionally followed by a string, "
"I<(n-char-sequence)>, where I<n-char-sequence> specifies in an "
"implementation-dependent way the type of NAN (see NOTES)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:129
msgid "These functions return the converted value, if any."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:136
msgid ""
"If I<endptr> is not NULL, a pointer to the character after the last "
"character used in the conversion is stored in the location referenced by "
"I<endptr>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:141
msgid ""
"If no conversion is performed, zero is returned and the value of I<nptr> is "
"stored in the location referenced by I<endptr>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:155
msgid ""
"If the correct value would cause overflow, plus or minus B<HUGE_VAL> "
"(B<HUGE_VALF>, B<HUGE_VALL>)  is returned (according to the sign of the "
"value), and B<ERANGE> is stored in I<errno>.  If the correct value would "
"cause underflow, zero is returned and B<ERANGE> is stored in I<errno>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:156 build/C/man3/strtol.3:151 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:155
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ERANGE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:159
msgid "Overflow or underflow occurred."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:171
msgid ""
"The B<strtod>(), B<strtof>(), and B<strtold>()  functions are thread-safe "
"with exceptions.  These functions can be safely used in multithreaded "
"applications, as long as B<setlocale>(3)  is not called to change the locale "
"during their execution."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:176
msgid "C89 describes B<strtod>(), C99 describes the other two functions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:185
msgid ""
"Since 0 can legitimately be returned on both success and failure, the "
"calling program should set I<errno> to 0 before the call, and then determine "
"if an error occurred by checking whether I<errno> has a nonzero value after "
"the call."
msgstr ""

#.  From glibc 2.8's stdlib/strtod_l.c:
#.      We expect it to be a number which is put in the
#.      mantissa of the number.
#.  It looks as though at least FreeBSD (according to the manual) does
#.  something similar.
#.  C11 says: "An implementation may use the n-char sequence to determine
#. 	extra information to be represented in the NaN's significant."
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:200
msgid ""
"In the glibc implementation, the I<n-char-sequence> that optionally follows "
"\"NAN\" is interpreted as an integer number (with an optional '0' or '0x' "
"prefix to select base 8 or 16)  that is to be placed in the mantissa "
"component of the returned value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:205 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:225
msgid ""
"See the example on the B<strtol>(3)  manual page; the use of the functions "
"described in this manual page is similar."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtod.3:214
msgid ""
"B<atof>(3), B<atoi>(3), B<atol>(3), B<nan>(3), B<nanf>(3), B<nanl>(3), "
"B<strtol>(3), B<strtoul>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "STRTOIMAX"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:27
msgid "strtoimax, strtoumax - convert string to integer"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>inttypes.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:32
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<intmax_t strtoimax(const char *>I<nptr>B<, char **>I<endptr>B<, int "
">I<base>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:34
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<uintmax_t strtoumax(const char *>I<nptr>B<, char **>I<endptr>B<, int "
">I<base>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:45
msgid ""
"These functions are just like B<strtol>(3)  and B<strtoul>(3), except that "
"they return a value of type I<intmax_t> and I<uintmax_t>, respectively."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:58
msgid ""
"On success, the converted value is returned.  If nothing was found to "
"convert, zero is returned.  On overflow or underflow B<INTMAX_MAX> or "
"B<INTMAX_MIN> or B<UINTMAX_MAX> is returned, and I<errno> is set to "
"B<ERANGE>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:69
msgid ""
"The B<strtoimax>()  and B<strtoumax>()  functions are thread-safe with "
"exceptions.  These functions can be safely used in multithreaded "
"applications, as long as B<setlocale>(3)  is not called to change the locale "
"during their execution."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoimax.3:77
msgid "B<imaxabs>(3), B<imaxdiv>(3), B<strtol>(3), B<strtoul>(3), B<wcstoimax>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:31
#, no-wrap
msgid "STRTOL"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:34
msgid "strtol, strtoll, strtoq - convert a string to a long integer"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:39
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<long int strtol(const char *>I<nptr>B<, char **>I<endptr>B<, int "
">I<base>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:42
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<long long int strtoll(const char *>I<nptr>B<, char **>I<endptr>B<, int "
">I<base>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:51
msgid "B<strtoll>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:54 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:57
msgid ""
"_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 600 || _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || "
"_ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 200112L;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:68
msgid ""
"The B<strtol>()  function converts the initial part of the string in I<nptr> "
"to a long integer value according to the given I<base>, which must be "
"between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:81 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:89
msgid ""
"The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined "
"by B<isspace>(3))  followed by a single optional \\(aq+\\(aq or \\(aq-\\(aq "
"sign.  If I<base> is zero or 16, the string may then include a \"0x\" "
"prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero I<base> is "
"taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is \\(aq0\\(aq, in which "
"case it is taken as 8 (octal)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:90
msgid ""
"The remainder of the string is converted to a I<long int> value in the "
"obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit "
"in the given base.  (In bases above 10, the letter \\(aqA\\(aq in either "
"uppercase or lowercase represents 10, \\(aqB\\(aq represents 11, and so "
"forth, with \\(aqZ\\(aq representing 35.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:111
msgid ""
"If I<endptr> is not NULL, B<strtol>()  stores the address of the first "
"invalid character in I<*endptr>.  If there were no digits at all, "
"B<strtol>()  stores the original value of I<nptr> in I<*endptr> (and returns "
"0).  In particular, if I<*nptr> is not \\(aq\\e0\\(aq but I<**endptr> is "
"\\(aq\\e0\\(aq on return, the entire string is valid."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:117
msgid ""
"The B<strtoll>()  function works just like the B<strtol>()  function but "
"returns a long long integer value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:144
msgid ""
"The B<strtol>()  function returns the result of the conversion, unless the "
"value would underflow or overflow.  If an underflow occurs, B<strtol>()  "
"returns B<LONG_MIN>.  If an overflow occurs, B<strtol>()  returns "
"B<LONG_MAX>.  In both cases, I<errno> is set to B<ERANGE>.  Precisely the "
"same holds for B<strtoll>()  (with B<LLONG_MIN> and B<LLONG_MAX> instead of "
"B<LONG_MIN> and B<LONG_MAX>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:151 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:155
msgid "(not in C99)  The given I<base> contains an unsupported value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:154 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:158
msgid "The resulting value was out of range."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:161 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:165
msgid ""
"The implementation may also set I<errno> to B<EINVAL> in case no conversion "
"was performed (no digits seen, and 0 returned)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:173
msgid ""
"The B<strtol>(), B<strtoll>(), and B<strtoq>()  functions are thread-safe "
"with exceptions.  These functions can be safely used in multithreaded "
"applications, as long as B<setlocale>(3)  is not called to change the locale "
"during their execution."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:178
msgid ""
"B<strtol>()  conforms to SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89, C99, and POSIX.1-2001, and "
"B<strtoll>()  to C99 and POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:196
msgid ""
"Since B<strtol>()  can legitimately return 0, B<LONG_MAX>, or B<LONG_MIN> "
"(B<LLONG_MAX> or B<LLONG_MIN> for B<strtoll>())  on both success and "
"failure, the calling program should set I<errno> to 0 before the call, and "
"then determine if an error occurred by checking whether I<errno> has a "
"nonzero value after the call."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:201
msgid ""
"According to POSIX.1-2001, in locales other than the \"C\" and \"POSIX\", "
"these functions may accept other, implementation-defined numeric strings."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:203 build/C/man3/strtoul.3:202
msgid "BSD also has"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:207
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<quad_t strtoq(const char *>I<nptr>B<, char **>I<endptr>B<, int "
">I<base>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:216
msgid ""
"with completely analogous definition.  Depending on the wordsize of the "
"current architecture, this may be equivalent to B<strtoll>()  or to "
"B<strtol>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:230
msgid ""
"The program shown below demonstrates the use of B<strtol>().  The first "
"command-line argument specifies a string from which B<strtol>()  should "
"parse a number.  The second (optional) argument specifies the base to be "
"used for the conversion.  (This argument is converted to numeric form using "
"B<atoi>(3), a function that performs no error checking and has a simpler "
"interface than B<strtol>().)  Some examples of the results produced by this "
"program are the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:246
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$B< ./a.out 123>\n"
"strtol() returned 123\n"
"$B< ./a.out \\(aq    123\\(aq>\n"
"strtol() returned 123\n"
"$B< ./a.out 123abc>\n"
"strtol() returned 123\n"
"Further characters after number: abc\n"
"$B< ./a.out 123abc 55>\n"
"strtol: Invalid argument\n"
"$B< ./a.out \\(aq\\(aq>\n"
"No digits were found\n"
"$B< ./a.out 4000000000>\n"
"strtol: Numerical result out of range\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:255
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:262
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int base;\n"
"    char *endptr, *str;\n"
"    long val;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:267
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc E<lt> 2) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s str [base]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:270
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    str = argv[1];\n"
"    base = (argc E<gt> 2) ? atoi(argv[2]) : 10;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:273
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    errno = 0;    /* To distinguish success/failure after call */\n"
"    val = strtol(str, &endptr, base);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:275
#, no-wrap
msgid "    /* Check for various possible errors */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:281
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if ((errno == ERANGE && (val == LONG_MAX || val == LONG_MIN))\n"
"            || (errno != 0 && val == 0)) {\n"
"        perror(\"strtol\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:286
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (endptr == str) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"No digits were found\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:288
#, no-wrap
msgid "    /* If we got here, strtol() successfully parsed a number */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:290
#, no-wrap
msgid "    printf(\"strtol() returned %ld\\en\", val);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:293
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (*endptr != \\(aq\\e0\\(aq)        /* Not necessarily an "
"error... */\n"
"        printf(\"Further characters after number: %s\\en\", endptr);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtol.3:303
msgid "B<atof>(3), B<atoi>(3), B<atol>(3), B<strtod>(3), B<strtoul>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "STRTOUL"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:36
msgid "strtoul, strtoull, strtouq - convert a string to an unsigned long integer"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:42
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<unsigned long int strtoul(const char *>I<nptr>B<, char **>I<endptr>B<, int "
">I<base>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<unsigned long long int strtoull(const char *>I<nptr>B<, char "
"**>I<endptr>B<,>\n"
"B<                                int >I<base>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:54
msgid "B<strtoull>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:75
msgid ""
"The B<strtoul>()  function converts the initial part of the string in "
"I<nptr> to an I<unsigned long int> value according to the given I<base>, "
"which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:98
msgid ""
"The remainder of the string is converted to an I<unsigned long int> value in "
"the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid "
"digit in the given base.  (In bases above 10, the letter \\(aqA\\(aq in "
"either uppercase or lowercase represents 10, \\(aqB\\(aq represents 11, and "
"so forth, with \\(aqZ\\(aq representing 35.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:119
msgid ""
"If I<endptr> is not NULL, B<strtoul>()  stores the address of the first "
"invalid character in I<*endptr>.  If there were no digits at all, "
"B<strtoul>()  stores the original value of I<nptr> in I<*endptr> (and "
"returns 0).  In particular, if I<*nptr> is not \\(aq\\e0\\(aq but "
"I<**endptr> is \\(aq\\e0\\(aq on return, the entire string is valid."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:127
msgid ""
"The B<strtoull>()  function works just like the B<strtoul>()  function but "
"returns an I<unsigned long long int> value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:148
msgid ""
"The B<strtoul>()  function returns either the result of the conversion or, "
"if there was a leading minus sign, the negation of the result of the "
"conversion represented as an unsigned value, unless the original "
"(nonnegated) value would overflow; in the latter case, B<strtoul>()  returns "
"B<ULONG_MAX> and sets I<errno> to B<ERANGE>.  Precisely the same holds for "
"B<strtoull>()  (with B<ULLONG_MAX> instead of B<ULONG_MAX>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:177
msgid ""
"The B<strtoul>(), B<strtoull>(), and B<strtouq>()  functions are thread-safe "
"with exceptions.  These functions can be safely used in multithreaded "
"applications, as long as B<setlocale>(3)  is not called to change the locale "
"during their execution."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:182
msgid ""
"B<strtoul>()  conforms to SVr4, C89, C99, and POSIX-2001, and B<strtoull>()  "
"to C99 and POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:196
msgid ""
"Since B<strtoul>()  can legitimately return 0 or B<ULONG_MAX> (B<ULLONG_MAX> "
"for B<strtoull>())  on both success and failure, the calling program should "
"set I<errno> to 0 before the call, and then determine if an error occurred "
"by checking whether I<errno> has a nonzero value after the call."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:200
msgid ""
"In locales other than the \"C\" locale, other strings may be accepted.  (For "
"example, the thousands separator of the current locale may be supported.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:206
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<u_quad_t strtouq(const char *>I<nptr>B<, char **>I<endptr>B<, int "
">I<base>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:215
msgid ""
"with completely analogous definition.  Depending on the wordsize of the "
"current architecture, this may be equivalent to B<strtoull>()  or to "
"B<strtoul>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:220
msgid ""
"Negative values are considered valid input and are silently converted to the "
"equivalent I<unsigned long int> value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/strtoul.3:231
msgid "B<atof>(3), B<atoi>(3), B<atol>(3), B<strtod>(3), B<strtol>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/system.3:31
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYSTEM"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:34
msgid "system - execute a shell command"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int system(const char *>I<command>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:50
msgid ""
"The B<system>()  library function uses B<fork>(2)  to create a child process "
"that executes the shell command specified in I<command> using B<execl>(3)  "
"as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:52
#, no-wrap
msgid "    execl(\"/bin/sh\", \"sh\", \"-c\", command, (char *) 0);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:55
msgid "B<system>()  returns after the command has been completed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:67
msgid ""
"During execution of the command, B<SIGCHLD> will be blocked, and B<SIGINT> "
"and B<SIGQUIT> will be ignored, in the process that calls B<system>()  "
"(these signals will be handled according to their defaults inside the child "
"process that executes I<command>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:73
msgid ""
"If I<command> is NULL, then B<system>()  returns a status indicating whether "
"a shell is available on the system"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:77
msgid "The return value of B<system>()  is one of the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:82
msgid ""
"If I<command> is NULL, then a nonzero value if a shell is available, or 0 if "
"no shell is available."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:86
msgid ""
"If a child process could not be created, or its status could not be "
"retrieved, the return value is -1."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:91
msgid ""
"If a shell could not be executed in the child process, then the return value "
"is as though the child shell terminated by calling B<_exit>(2)  with the "
"status 127."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:98
msgid ""
"If all system calls succeed, then the return value is the termination status "
"of the child shell used to execute I<command>.  (The termination status of a "
"shell is the termination status of the last command it executes.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:107
msgid ""
"In the last two cases, the return value is a \"wait status\" that can be "
"examined using the macros described in B<waitpid>(2).  (i.e., B<WIFEXITED>()  "
"B<WEXITSTATUS>()  and so on)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:110
msgid "B<system>()  does not affect the wait status of any other children."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:115
msgid "The B<system>()  function is thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:117
msgid "C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:134
msgid ""
"B<system>()  provides simplicity and convenience: it handles all of the "
"details of calling B<fork>(2), B<execl>(3), and B<waitpid>(2), as well as "
"the necessary manipulations of signals; in addition, the shell performs the "
"usual substitutions and I/O redirections for I<command>.  The main cost of "
"B<system>()  is inefficiency: additional system calls are required to create "
"the process that runs the shell and to execute the shell."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:146
msgid ""
"If the B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> feature test macro is defined (before including "
"I<any> header files), then the macros described in B<waitpid>(2)  "
"(B<WEXITSTATUS>(), etc.) are made available when including "
"I<E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:157
msgid ""
"As mentioned, B<system>()  ignores B<SIGINT> and B<SIGQUIT>.  This may make "
"programs that call it from a loop uninterruptible, unless they take care "
"themselves to check the exit status of the child.  For example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:162
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    while (something) {\n"
"        int ret = system(\"foo\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:167
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        if (WIFSIGNALED(ret) &&\n"
"            (WTERMSIG(ret) == SIGINT || WTERMSIG(ret) == SIGQUIT))\n"
"                break;\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:187
msgid ""
"Do not use B<system>()  from a program with set-user-ID or set-group-ID "
"privileges, because strange values for some environment variables might be "
"used to subvert system integrity.  Use the B<exec>(3)  family of functions "
"instead, but not B<execlp>(3)  or B<execvp>(3).  B<system>()  will not, in "
"fact, work properly from programs with set-user-ID or set-group-ID "
"privileges on systems on which I</bin/sh> is bash version 2, since bash 2 "
"drops privileges on startup.  (Debian uses a modified bash which does not do "
"this when invoked as B<sh>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:201
msgid ""
"In versions of glibc before 2.1.3, the check for the availability of "
"I</bin/sh> was not actually performed if I<command> was NULL; instead it was "
"always assumed to be available, and B<system>()  always returned 1 in this "
"case.  Since glibc 2.1.3, this check is performed because, even though "
"POSIX.1-2001 requires a conforming implementation to provide a shell, that "
"shell may not be available or executable if the calling program has "
"previously called B<chroot>(2)  (which is not specified by POSIX.1-2001)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:207
msgid ""
"It is possible for the shell command to terminate with a status of 127, "
"which yields a B<system>()  return value that is indistinguishable from the "
"case where a shell could not be executed in the child process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/system.3:215
msgid ""
"B<sh>(1), B<sigaction>(2), B<sigprocmask>(2), B<fork>(2), B<wait>(2), "
"B<exec>(3), B<signal>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:13
#, no-wrap
msgid "VDSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:16
msgid "vDSO - overview of the virtual ELF dynamic shared object"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:18
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/auxv.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:20
msgid "B<void *vdso = (uintptr_t) getauxval(AT_SYSINFO_EHDR);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:29
msgid ""
"The \"vDSO\" (virtual dynamic shared object) is a small shared library that "
"the kernel automatically maps into the address space of all user-space "
"applications.  Applications usually do not need to concern themselves with "
"these details as the vDSO is most commonly called by the C library.  This "
"way you can code in the normal way using standard functions and the C "
"library will take care of using any functionality that is available via the "
"vDSO."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:37
msgid ""
"Why does the vDSO exist at all? There are some system calls the kernel "
"provides that user-space code ends up using frequently, to the point that "
"such calls can dominate overall performance.  This is due both to the "
"frequency of the call as well as the context-switch overhead that results "
"from exiting user space and entering the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:42
msgid ""
"The rest of this documentation is geared toward the curious and/or C library "
"writers rather than general developers.  If you're trying to call the vDSO "
"in your own application rather than using the C library, you're most likely "
"doing it wrong."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:42
#, no-wrap
msgid "Example background"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:56
msgid ""
"Making system calls can be slow.  In x86 32-bit systems, you can trigger a "
"software interrupt (I<int $0x80>)  to tell the kernel you wish to make a "
"system call.  However, this instruction is expensive: it goes through the "
"full interrupt-handling paths in the processor's microcode as well as in the "
"kernel.  Newer processors have faster (but backward incompatible) "
"instructions to initiate system calls.  Rather than require the C library to "
"figure out if this functionality is available at run time, the C library can "
"use functions provided by the kernel in the vDSO."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:63
msgid ""
"Note that the terminology can be confusing.  On x86 systems, the vDSO "
"function used to determine the preferred method of making a system call is "
"named \"__kernel_vsyscall\", but on x86_64, the term \"vsyscall\" also "
"refers to an obsolete way to ask the kernel what time it is or what CPU the "
"caller is on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:79
msgid ""
"One frequently used system call is B<gettimeofday>(2).  This system call is "
"called both directly by user-space applications as well as indirectly by the "
"C library.  Think timestamps or timing loops or polling\\(emall of these "
"frequently need to know what time it is right now.  This information is also "
"not secret\\(emany application in any privilege mode (root or any "
"unprivileged user) will get the same answer.  Thus the kernel arranges for "
"the information required to answer this question to be placed in memory the "
"process can access.  Now a call to B<gettimeofday>(2)  changes from a system "
"call to a normal function call and a few memory accesses."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:79
#, no-wrap
msgid "Finding the vDSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:86
msgid ""
"The base address of the vDSO (if one exists) is passed by the kernel to each "
"program in the initial auxiliary vector (see B<getauxval>(3)), via the "
"B<AT_SYSINFO_EHDR> tag."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:95
msgid ""
"You must not assume the vDSO is mapped at any particular location in the "
"user's memory map.  The base address will usually be randomized at run time "
"every time a new process image is created (at B<execve>(2)  time).  This is "
"done for security reasons, to prevent \"return-to-libc\" attacks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:104
msgid ""
"For some architectures, there is also an B<AT_SYSINFO> tag.  This is used "
"only for locating the vsyscall entry point and is frequently omitted or set "
"to 0 (meaning it's not available).  This tag is a throwback to the initial "
"vDSO work (see I<History> below) and its use should be avoided."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:104
#, no-wrap
msgid "File format"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:111
msgid ""
"Since the vDSO is a fully formed ELF image, you can do symbol lookups on "
"it.  This allows new symbols to be added with newer kernel releases, and "
"allows the C library to detect available functionality at run time when "
"running under different kernel versions.  Oftentimes the C library will do "
"detection with the first call and then cache the result for subsequent "
"calls."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:120
msgid ""
"All symbols are also versioned (using the GNU version format).  This allows "
"the kernel to update the function signature without breaking backward "
"compatibility.  This means changing the arguments that the function accepts "
"as well as the return value.  Thus, when looking up a symbol in the vDSO, "
"you must always include the version to match the ABI you expect."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:125
msgid ""
"Typically the vDSO follows the naming convention of prefixing all symbols "
"with \"__vdso_\" or \"__kernel_\" so as to distinguish them from other "
"standard symbols.  For example, the \"gettimeofday\" function is named "
"\"__vdso_gettimeofday\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:129
msgid ""
"You use the standard C calling conventions when calling any of these "
"functions.  No need to worry about weird register or stack behavior."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:130
#, no-wrap
msgid "Source"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:134
msgid ""
"When you compile the kernel, it will automatically compile and link the vDSO "
"code for you.  You will frequently find it under the architecture-specific "
"directory:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:136
#, no-wrap
msgid "    find arch/$ARCH/ -name '*vdso*.so*' -o -name '*gate*.so*'\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:137
#, no-wrap
msgid "vDSO names"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:143
msgid ""
"The name of the vDSO varies across architectures.  It will often show up in "
"things like glibc's B<ldd>(1)  output.  The exact name should not matter to "
"any code, so do not hardcode it."
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:148
#, no-wrap
msgid "user ABI\tvDSO name\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:149 build/C/man7/vdso.7:198 build/C/man7/vdso.7:235 build/C/man7/vdso.7:263 build/C/man7/vdso.7:299 build/C/man7/vdso.7:333 build/C/man7/vdso.7:359 build/C/man7/vdso.7:384 build/C/man7/vdso.7:402 build/C/man7/vdso.7:420 build/C/man7/vdso.7:438 build/C/man7/vdso.7:463 build/C/man7/vdso.7:482
#, no-wrap
msgid "_\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:150
#, no-wrap
msgid "aarch64\tlinux-vdso.so.1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:151
#, no-wrap
msgid "ia64\tlinux-gate.so.1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:152
#, no-wrap
msgid "ppc/32\tlinux-vdso32.so.1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:153
#, no-wrap
msgid "ppc/64\tlinux-vdso64.so.1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:154
#, no-wrap
msgid "s390\tlinux-vdso32.so.1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:155
#, no-wrap
msgid "s390x\tlinux-vdso64.so.1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:156
#, no-wrap
msgid "sh\tlinux-gate.so.1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:157
#, no-wrap
msgid "i386\tlinux-gate.so.1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:158
#, no-wrap
msgid "x86_64\tlinux-vdso.so.1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:159
#, no-wrap
msgid "x86/x32\tlinux-vdso.so.1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:165
#, no-wrap
msgid "ARCHITECTURE-SPECIFIC NOTES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:168
msgid "The subsections below provide architecture-specific notes on the vDSO."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:177
msgid ""
"Note that the vDSO that is used is based on the ABI of your user-space code "
"and not the ABI of the kernel.  Thus, for example, when you run an i386 "
"32-bit ELF binary, you'll get the same vDSO regardless of whether you run it "
"under an i386 32-bit kernel or under an x86_64 64-bit kernel.  Therefore, "
"the name of the user-space ABI should be used to determine which of the "
"sections below is relevant."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:177
#, no-wrap
msgid "ARM functions"
msgstr ""

#.  See linux/arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
#.  See linux/Documentation/arm/kernel_user_helpers.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:184
msgid ""
"The ARM port has a code page full of utility functions.  Since it's just a "
"raw page of code, there is no ELF information for doing symbol lookups or "
"versioning.  It does provide support for different versions though."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:189
msgid ""
"For information on this code page, it's best to refer to the kernel "
"documentation as it's extremely detailed and covers everything you need to "
"know: I<Documentation/arm/kernel_user_helpers.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:189
#, no-wrap
msgid "aarch64 functions"
msgstr ""

#.  See linux/arch/x86/vdso/vdso32.lds.S
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:192 build/C/man7/vdso.7:229 build/C/man7/vdso.7:353 build/C/man7/vdso.7:378 build/C/man7/vdso.7:396 build/C/man7/vdso.7:414 build/C/man7/vdso.7:432 build/C/man7/vdso.7:476
msgid "The table below lists the symbols exported by the vDSO."
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:197 build/C/man7/vdso.7:234 build/C/man7/vdso.7:332 build/C/man7/vdso.7:358 build/C/man7/vdso.7:383 build/C/man7/vdso.7:401 build/C/man7/vdso.7:419 build/C/man7/vdso.7:437 build/C/man7/vdso.7:462 build/C/man7/vdso.7:481
#, no-wrap
msgid "symbol\tversion\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:199
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_rt_sigreturn\tLINUX_2.6.39\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:200
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_gettimeofday\tLINUX_2.6.39\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:201
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_clock_gettime\tLINUX_2.6.39\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:202
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_clock_getres\tLINUX_2.6.39\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:208
#, no-wrap
msgid "bfin (Blackfin) functions"
msgstr ""

#.  See linux/arch/blackfin/kernel/fixed_code.S
#.  See http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=linux-kernel:fixed-code
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:220
msgid ""
"As this CPU lacks a memory management unit (MMU), it doesn't set up a vDSO "
"in the normal sense.  Instead, it maps at boot time a few raw functions into "
"a fixed location in memory.  User-space applications then call directly into "
"that region.  There is no provision for backward compatibility beyond "
"sniffing raw opcodes, but as this is an embedded CPU, it can get away with "
"things\\(emsome of the object formats it runs aren't even ELF based (they're "
"bFLT/FLAT)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:223
msgid ""
"For information on this code page, it's best to refer to the public "
"documentation:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:225
msgid "http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=linux-kernel:fixed-code"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:225
#, no-wrap
msgid "ia64 (Itanium) functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:236
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_sigtramp\tLINUX_2.5\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:237
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_syscall_via_break\tLINUX_2.5\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:238
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_syscall_via_epc\tLINUX_2.5\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:257
msgid ""
"The Itanium port is somewhat tricky.  In addition to the vDSO above, it also "
"has \"light-weight system calls\" (also known as \"fast syscalls\" or "
"\"fsys\").  You can invoke these via the I<__kernel_syscall_via_epc> vDSO "
"helper.  The system calls listed here have the same semantics as if you "
"called them directly via B<syscall>(2), so refer to the relevant "
"documentation for each.  The table below lists the functions available via "
"this mechanism."
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:262
#, no-wrap
msgid "function\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:264
#, no-wrap
msgid "clock_gettime\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:265
#, no-wrap
msgid "getcpu\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:266
#, no-wrap
msgid "getpid\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:267
#, no-wrap
msgid "getppid\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:268
#, no-wrap
msgid "gettimeofday\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:269
#, no-wrap
msgid "set_tid_address\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:275
#, no-wrap
msgid "parisc (hppa) functions"
msgstr ""

#.  See linux/arch/parisc/kernel/syscall.S
#.  See linux/Documentation/parisc/registers
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:286
msgid ""
"The parisc port has a code page full of utility functions called a gateway "
"page.  Rather than use the normal ELF auxiliary vector approach, it passes "
"the address of the page to the process via the SR2 register.  The "
"permissions on the page are such that merely executing those addresses "
"automatically executes with kernel privileges and not in user space.  This "
"is done to match the way HP-UX works."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:291
msgid ""
"Since it's just a raw page of code, there is no ELF information for doing "
"symbol lookups or versioning.  Simply call into the appropriate offset via "
"the branch instruction, for example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:293
#, no-wrap
msgid "    ble E<lt>offsetE<gt>(%sr2, %r0)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:298
#, no-wrap
msgid "offset\tfunction\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:300
#, no-wrap
msgid "00b0\tlws_entry\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:301
#, no-wrap
msgid "00e0\tset_thread_pointer\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:302
#, no-wrap
msgid "0100\tlinux_gateway_entry (syscall)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:303
#, no-wrap
msgid "0268\tsyscall_nosys\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:304
#, no-wrap
msgid "0274\ttracesys\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:305
#, no-wrap
msgid "0324\ttracesys_next\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:306
#, no-wrap
msgid "0368\ttracesys_exit\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:307
#, no-wrap
msgid "03a0\ttracesys_sigexit\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:308
#, no-wrap
msgid "03b8\tlws_start\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:309
#, no-wrap
msgid "03dc\tlws_exit_nosys\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:310
#, no-wrap
msgid "03e0\tlws_exit\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "03e4\tlws_compare_and_swap64\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:312
#, no-wrap
msgid "03e8\tlws_compare_and_swap\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:313
#, no-wrap
msgid "0404\tcas_wouldblock\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:314
#, no-wrap
msgid "0410\tcas_action\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:320
#, no-wrap
msgid "ppc/32 functions"
msgstr ""

#.  See linux/arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso32/vdso32.lds.S
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:327
msgid ""
"The table below lists the symbols exported by the vDSO.  The functions "
"marked with a I<*> are available only when the kernel is a PowerPC64 "
"(64-bit) kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:334 build/C/man7/vdso.7:360
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_clock_getres\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:335 build/C/man7/vdso.7:361
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_clock_gettime\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:336 build/C/man7/vdso.7:362
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_datapage_offset\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:337 build/C/man7/vdso.7:363
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_get_syscall_map\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:338 build/C/man7/vdso.7:364
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_get_tbfreq\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:339
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_getcpu I<*>\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:340 build/C/man7/vdso.7:366
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_gettimeofday\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:341
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_sigtramp_rt32\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:342
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_sigtramp32\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:343 build/C/man7/vdso.7:368
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_sync_dicache\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:344 build/C/man7/vdso.7:369
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_sync_dicache_p5\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:350
#, no-wrap
msgid "ppc/64 functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:365
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_getcpu\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:367
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_sigtramp_rt64\tLINUX_2.6.15\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:375
#, no-wrap
msgid "s390 functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:385 build/C/man7/vdso.7:403
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_clock_getres\tLINUX_2.6.29\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:386 build/C/man7/vdso.7:404
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_clock_gettime\tLINUX_2.6.29\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:387 build/C/man7/vdso.7:405
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_gettimeofday\tLINUX_2.6.29\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:393
#, no-wrap
msgid "s390x functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:411
#, no-wrap
msgid "sh (SuperH) functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:421
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_rt_sigreturn\tLINUX_2.6\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:422
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_sigreturn\tLINUX_2.6\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:423
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_vsyscall\tLINUX_2.6\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:429
#, no-wrap
msgid "i386 functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:439
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_sigreturn\tLINUX_2.5\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:440
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_rt_sigreturn\tLINUX_2.5\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:441
#, no-wrap
msgid "__kernel_vsyscall\tLINUX_2.5\n"
msgstr ""

#.  Added in 7a59ed415f5b57469e22e41fc4188d5399e0b194 and updated
#.  in 37c975545ec63320789962bf307f000f08fabd48.
#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:444
#, no-wrap
msgid "__vdso_clock_gettime\tLINUX_2.6 (exported since Linux 3.15)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:445
#, no-wrap
msgid "__vdso_gettimeofday\tLINUX_2.6 (exported since Linux 3.15)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:446
#, no-wrap
msgid "__vdso_time\tLINUX_2.6 (exported since Linux 3.15)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:452
#, no-wrap
msgid "x86_64 functions"
msgstr ""

#.  See linux/arch/x86/vdso/vdso.lds.S
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:457
msgid ""
"The table below lists the symbols exported by the vDSO.  All of these "
"symbols are also available without the \"__vdso_\" prefix, but you should "
"ignore those and stick to the names below."
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:464 build/C/man7/vdso.7:483
#, no-wrap
msgid "__vdso_clock_gettime\tLINUX_2.6\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:465 build/C/man7/vdso.7:484
#, no-wrap
msgid "__vdso_getcpu\tLINUX_2.6\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:466 build/C/man7/vdso.7:485
#, no-wrap
msgid "__vdso_gettimeofday\tLINUX_2.6\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:467 build/C/man7/vdso.7:486
#, no-wrap
msgid "__vdso_time\tLINUX_2.6\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:473
#, no-wrap
msgid "x86/x32 functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:492
#, no-wrap
msgid "History"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:499
msgid ""
"The vDSO was originally just a single function\\(emthe vsyscall.  In older "
"kernels, you might see that name in a process's memory map rather than "
"\"vdso\".  Over time, people realized that this mechanism was a great way to "
"pass more functionality to user space, so it was reconceived as a vDSO in "
"the current format."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:503
msgid "B<syscalls>(2), B<getauxval>(3), B<proc>(5)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:505
msgid "The documents, examples, and source code in the Linux source code tree:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:511
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Documentation/ABI/stable/vdso\n"
"Documentation/ia64/fsys.txt\n"
"Documentation/vDSO/* (includes examples of using the vDSO)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/vdso.7:513
#, no-wrap
msgid "find arch/ -iname '*vdso*' -o -iname '*gate*'\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:16
#, no-wrap
msgid "WCSTOMBS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:19
msgid "wcstombs - convert a wide-character string to a multibyte string"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:24
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<size_t wcstombs(char *>I<dest>B<, const wchar_t *>I<src>B<, size_t "
">I<n>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:42
msgid ""
"If I<dest> is not NULL, the B<wcstombs>()  function converts the "
"wide-character string I<src> to a multibyte string starting at I<dest>.  At "
"most I<n> bytes are written to I<dest>.  The conversion starts in the "
"initial state.  The conversion can stop for three reasons:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:48
msgid ""
"1. A wide character has been encountered that can not be represented as a "
"multibyte sequence (according to the current locale).  In this case, "
"I<(size_t)\\ -1> is returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:53
msgid ""
"2. The length limit forces a stop.  In this case, the number of bytes "
"written to I<dest> is returned, but the shift state at this point is lost."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:60
msgid ""
"3. The wide-character string has been completely converted, including the "
"terminating null wide character (L\\(aq\\e0\\(aq).  In this case, the "
"conversion ends in the initial state.  The number of bytes written to "
"I<dest>, excluding the terminating null byte (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq), is returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:66
msgid ""
"The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least I<n> bytes at "
"I<dest>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:74
msgid ""
"If I<dest> is NULL, I<n> is ignored, and the conversion proceeds as above, "
"except that the converted bytes are not written out to memory, and no length "
"limit exists."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:79
msgid ""
"In order to avoid the case 2 above, the programmer should make sure I<n> is "
"greater than or equal to I<wcstombs(NULL,src,0)+1>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:89
msgid ""
"The B<wcstombs>()  function returns the number of bytes that make up the "
"converted part of a multibyte sequence, not including the terminating null "
"byte.  If a wide character was encountered which could not be converted, "
"I<(size_t)\\ -1> is returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:98
msgid ""
"The behavior of B<wcstombs>()  depends on the B<LC_CTYPE> category of the "
"current locale."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:103
msgid ""
"The function B<wcsrtombs>(3)  provides a thread safe interface to the same "
"functionality."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wcstombs.3:109
msgid "B<mblen>(3), B<mbtowc>(3), B<mbstowcs>(3), B<wcsrtombs>(3)  B<wctom>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:16
#, no-wrap
msgid "WCTOMB"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:19
msgid "wctomb - convert a wide character to a multibyte sequence"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int wctomb(char *>I<s>B<, wchar_t >I<wc>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:45
msgid ""
"If I<s> is not NULL, the B<wctomb>()  function converts the wide character "
"I<wc> to its multibyte representation and stores it at the beginning of the "
"character array pointed to by I<s>.  It updates the shift state, which is "
"stored in a static anonymous variable known only to the B<wctomb>()  "
"function, and returns the length of said multibyte representation, that is, "
"the number of bytes written at I<s>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:51
msgid ""
"The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least B<MB_CUR_MAX> "
"bytes at I<s>."
msgstr ""

#.  The Dinkumware doc and the Single UNIX specification say this, but
#.  glibc doesn't implement this.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:63
msgid ""
"If I<s> is NULL, the B<wctomb>()  function resets the shift state, known "
"only to this function, to the initial state, and returns nonzero if the "
"encoding has nontrivial shift state, or zero if the encoding is stateless."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:77
msgid ""
"If I<s> is not NULL, the B<wctomb>()  function returns the number of bytes "
"that have been written to the byte array at I<s>.  If I<wc> can not be "
"represented as a multibyte sequence (according to the current locale), -1 is "
"returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:84
msgid ""
"If I<s> is NULL, the B<wctomb>()  function returns nonzero if the encoding "
"has nontrivial shift state, or zero if the encoding is stateless."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:89
msgid "The B<wctomb>()  function is not thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:98
msgid ""
"The behavior of B<wctomb>()  depends on the B<LC_CTYPE> category of the "
"current locale."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:103
msgid ""
"The function B<wcrtomb>(3)  provides a better interface to the same "
"functionality."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/wctomb.3:110
msgid ""
"B<MB_CUR_MAX>(3), B<mblen>(3), B<mbstowcs>(3), B<mbtowc>(3), B<wcrtomb>(3), "
"B<wcstombs>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "GETRANDOM"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:30
msgid "getrandom - obtain a series of random bytes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:32
msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/random.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:34
msgid ""
"B<int getrandom(void *>I<buf>B<, size_t >I<buflen>B<, unsigned int "
">I<flags>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:44
msgid ""
"The B<getrandom>()  system call fills the buffer pointed to by I<buf> with "
"up to I<buflen> random bytes.  These bytes can be used to seed user-space "
"random number generators or for cryptographic purposes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:58
msgid ""
"B<getrandom>()  relies on entropy gathered from device drivers and other "
"sources of environmental noise.  Unnecessarily reading large quantities of "
"data will have a negative impact on other users of the I</dev/random> and "
"I</dev/urandom> devices.  Therefore, B<getrandom>()  should not be used for "
"Monte Carlo simulations or other programs/algorithms which are doing "
"probabilistic sampling."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:80
msgid ""
"By default, B<getrandom>()  draws entropy from the I</dev/urandom> pool.  "
"This behavior can be changed via the I<flags> argument.  If the "
"I</dev/urandom> pool has been initialized, reads of up to 256 bytes will "
"always return as many bytes as requested and will not be interrupted by "
"signals.  No such guarantees apply for larger buffer sizes.  For example, if "
"the call is interrupted by a signal handler, it may return a partially "
"filled buffer, or fail with the error B<EINTR>.  If the pool has not yet "
"been initialized, then the call blocks, unless B<GRND_RANDOM> is specified "
"in I<flags>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:85
msgid ""
"The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that can contain zero or more of the "
"following values ORed together:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:85
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<GRND_RANDOM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:106
msgid ""
"If this bit is set, then random bytes are drawn from the I</dev/random> pool "
"instead of the I</dev/urandom> pool.  The I</dev/random> pool is limited "
"based on the entropy that can be obtained from environmental noise.  If the "
"number of available bytes in I</dev/random> is less than requested in "
"I<buflen>, the call returns just the available random bytes.  If no random "
"bytes are available, the behavior depends on the presence of "
"B<GRND_NONBLOCK> in the I<flags> argument."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:106
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<GRND_NONBLOCK>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:123
msgid ""
"By default, when reading from I</dev/random>, B<getrandom>()  blocks if no "
"random bytes are available, and when reading from I</dev/urandom>, it blocks "
"if the entropy pool has not yet been initialized.  If the B<GRND_NONBLOCK> "
"flag is set, then B<getrandom>()  does not block in these cases, but instead "
"immediately returns -1 with I<errno> set to B<EAGAIN>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:137
msgid ""
"On success, B<getrandom>()  returns the number of bytes that were copied to "
"the buffer I<buf>.  This may be less than the number of bytes requested via "
"I<buflen> if B<GRND_RANDOM> was specified in I<flags> and insufficient "
"entropy was present in the I</dev/random> pool, or if the system call was "
"interrupted by a signal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:141
msgid "On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:146
msgid "An invalid flag was specified in I<flags>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:146
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EFAULT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:151
msgid "The address referred to by I<buf> is outside the accessible address space."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:151
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EAGAIN>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:158
msgid ""
"The requested entropy was not available, and B<getrandom>()  would have "
"blocked if the B<GRND_NONBLOCK> flag was not set."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:158
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINTR>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:168
msgid ""
"The call was interrupted by a signal handler; see the description of how "
"interrupted B<read>(2)  calls on \"slow\" devices are handled with and "
"without the B<SA_RESTART> flag in the B<signal>(7)  man page."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:171
msgid "B<getrandom>()  was introduced in version 3.17 of the Linux kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:173
msgid "This system call is Linux-specific."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:174
#, no-wrap
msgid "Maximum number of bytes returned"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:176
msgid "As of Linux 3.19 the following limits apply:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:184
msgid ""
"When reading from I</dev/urandom>, a maximum of 33554431 bytes is returned "
"by a single call to B<getrandom>()  on a system where I<int> has a size of "
"32 bits."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:188
msgid "When reading from I</dev/random>, a maximum of 512 bytes is returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:188
#, no-wrap
msgid "Initialization of the entropy pool"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:194
msgid ""
"The kernel collects bits of entropy from environment.  When a sufficient "
"number of random bits has been collected, the I</dev/urandom> entropy pool "
"is considered to be initialized.  This state is normally reached early in "
"the system bootstrap phase."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:194
#, no-wrap
msgid "Interruption by a signal handler"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:218
msgid ""
"When reading from I</dev/urandom> (B<GRND_RANDOM> is not set), "
"B<getrandom>()  will block until the entropy pool has been initialized "
"(unless the B<GRND_NONBLOCK> flag was specified).  If a request is made to "
"read a large number (more than 256) of bytes, B<getrandom>()  will block "
"until those bytes have been generated and transferred from kernel memory to "
"I<buf>.  When reading from I</dev/random> (B<GRND_RANDOM> is set), "
"B<getrandom>()  will block until some random bytes become available (unless "
"the B<GRND_NONBLOCK> flag was specified)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:243
msgid ""
"The behavior when a call to B<getrandom>()  that is blocked while reading "
"from I</dev/urandom> is interrupted by a signal handler depends on the "
"initialization state of the entropy buffer and on the request size, "
"I<buflen>.  If the entropy is not yet initialized, then the call will fail "
"with the B<EINTR> error.  If the entropy pool has been initialized and the "
"request size is large (I<buflen>\\ E<gt>\\ 256), the call either succeeds, "
"returning a partially filled buffer, or fails with the error B<EINTR.> If "
"the entropy pool has been initialized and the request size is small "
"(I<buflen>\\ E<lt>=\\ 256), then B<getrandom>()  will not fail with "
"B<EINTR>.  Instead, it will return all of the bytes that have been "
"requested."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:249
msgid ""
"When reading from I</dev/random>, blocking requests of any size can be "
"interrupted by a signal (the call fails with the error B<EINTR>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:257
msgid ""
"Calling B<getrandom>()  to read I</dev/urandom> for small values (E<lt>=\\ "
"256) of I<buflen> is the preferred mode of usage."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:264
msgid ""
"The special treatment of small values of I<buflen> was designed for "
"compatibility with OpenBSD's B<getentropy>()  system call."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:278
msgid ""
"The user of B<getrandom>()  I<must> always check the return value, to "
"determine whether either an error occurred or fewer bytes than requested "
"were returned.  In the case where B<GRND_RANDOM> is not specified and "
"I<buflen> is less than or equal to 256, a return of fewer bytes than "
"requested should never happen, but the careful programmer will check for "
"this anyway!"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:278
#, no-wrap
msgid "Choice of random device"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:293
msgid ""
"Unless you are doing long-term key generation (and perhaps not even then), "
"you probably shouldn't be using B<GRND_RANDOM.> The cryptographic algorithms "
"used for I</dev/urandom> are quite conservative, and so should be sufficient "
"for all purposes.  The disadvantage of B<GRND_RANDOM> is that it can block.  "
"Furthermore, dealing with the partially fulfilled B<getrandom>()  requests "
"that can occur when using B<GRND_RANDOM> increases code complexity."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:293
#, no-wrap
msgid "Emulating OpenBSD's getentropy()"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:298
msgid ""
"The B<getentropy>()  system call in OpenBSD can be emulated using the "
"following function:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:305
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"getentropy(void *buf, size_t buflen)\n"
"{\n"
"    int ret;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:317
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (buflen E<gt> 256)\n"
"        goto failure;\n"
"    ret = getrandom(buf, buflen, 0);\n"
"    if (ret E<lt> 0)\n"
"        return ret;\n"
"    if (ret == buflen)\n"
"        return 0;\n"
"failure:\n"
"    errno = EIO;\n"
"    return -1;\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME patch proposed https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/11/29/16
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:322
msgid "As of Linux 3.19, the following bug exists:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:326
msgid ""
"Depending on CPU load, B<getrandom>()  does not react to interrupts before "
"reading all bytes requested."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/getrandom.2:330
msgid "B<random>(4), B<urandom>(4), B<signal>(7)"
msgstr ""