+++ /dev/null
-.\" This manpage is Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt;
-.\" and Copyright (C) 1993 Michael Haardt, Ian Jackson.
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Modified Wed Jul 21 22:40:25 1993 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
-.\" Modified Sat Feb 18 15:27:48 1995 by Michael Haardt
-.\" Modified Sun Apr 14 11:40:50 1996 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>:
-.\" corrected description of effect on locks (thanks to
-.\" Tigran Aivazian <tigran@sco.com>).
-.\" Modified Fri Jan 31 16:21:46 1997 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-.\" Modified 2000-07-22 by Nicolás Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org>
-.\" added note about close(2) not guaranteeing that data is safe on close.
-.\"
-.TH CLOSE 2 2013-12-30 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-close \- close a file descriptor
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <unistd.h>
-.sp
-.BI "int close(int " fd );
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.BR close ()
-closes a file descriptor, so that it no longer refers to any file and
-may be reused.
-Any record locks (see
-.BR fcntl (2))
-held on the file it was associated with,
-and owned by the process, are removed (regardless of the file
-descriptor that was used to obtain the lock).
-.PP
-If
-.I fd
-is the last file descriptor referring to the underlying
-open file description (see
-.BR open (2)),
-the resources associated with the open file description are freed;
-if the descriptor was the last reference to a file which has been
-removed using
-.BR unlink (2),
-the file is deleted.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-.BR close ()
-returns zero on success.
-On error, \-1 is returned, and
-.I errno
-is set appropriately.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EBADF
-.I fd
-isn't a valid open file descriptor.
-.TP
-.B EINTR
-The
-.BR close ()
-call was interrupted by a signal; see
-.BR signal (7).
-.TP
-.B EIO
-An I/O error occurred.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
-.\" SVr4 documents an additional ENOLINK error condition.
-.SH NOTES
-Not checking the return value of
-.BR close ()
-is a common but nevertheless
-serious programming error.
-It is quite possible that errors on a
-previous
-.BR write (2)
-operation are first reported at the final
-.BR close ().
-Not checking the return value when closing the file may lead to
-silent loss of data.
-This can especially be observed with NFS
-and with disk quota.
-Note that the return value should be used only for diagnostics.
-In particular
-.BR close ()
-should not be retried after an
-.B EINTR
-since this may cause a reused descriptor from another thread to be closed.
-.PP
-A successful close does not guarantee that the data has been successfully
-saved to disk, as the kernel defers writes.
-It is not common for a filesystem
-to flush the buffers when the stream is closed.
-If you need to be sure that
-the data is physically stored, use
-.BR fsync (2).
-(It will depend on the disk hardware at this point.)
-.PP
-It is probably unwise to close file descriptors while
-they may be in use by system calls in
-other threads in the same process.
-Since a file descriptor may be reused,
-there are some obscure race conditions
-that may cause unintended side effects.
-.\" Date: Tue, 4 Sep 2007 13:57:35 +0200
-.\" From: Fredrik Noring <noring@nocrew.org>
-.\" One such race involves signals and ERESTARTSYS. If a file descriptor
-.\" in use by a system call is closed and then reused by e.g. an
-.\" independent open() in some unrelated thread, before the original system
-.\" call has restarted after ERESTARTSYS, the original system call will
-.\" later restart with the reused file descriptor. This is most likely a
-.\" serious programming error.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR fcntl (2),
-.BR fsync (2),
-.BR open (2),
-.BR shutdown (2),
-.BR unlink (2),
-.BR fclose (3)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 3.79 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
OSDN Git Service
