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[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / original / man4 / mem.4

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-.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de),
-.\"     Fri Apr  2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL)
-.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
-.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
-.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
-.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-.\"
-.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
-.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
-.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
-.\" intermediate and printed output.
-.\"
-.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
-.\"
-.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
-.\" License along with this manual; if not, see
-.\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 16:59:10 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.TH MEM 4 2015-01-02 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-mem, kmem, port \- system memory, kernel memory and system ports
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B mem
-is a character device file
-that is an image of the main memory of the computer.
-It may be used, for example, to examine (and even patch) the system.
-.LP
-Byte addresses in
-.B mem
-are interpreted as physical memory addresses.
-References to nonexistent locations cause errors to be returned.
-.LP
-Examining and patching is likely to lead to unexpected results
-when read-only or write-only bits are present.
-.LP
-Since 2.6.26, and depending on the architecture, the
-.B CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM
-kernel configuration option limits the areas
-which can be accessed through this file.
-For example: on x86, RAM access is not allowed but accessing
-memory-mapped PCI regions is.
-.LP
-It is typically created by:
-.RS
-.sp
-mknod \-m 660 /dev/mem c 1 1
-.br
-chown root:kmem /dev/mem
-.RE
-.LP
-The file
-.B kmem
-is the same as
-.BR mem ,
-except that the kernel virtual memory
-rather than physical memory is accessed.
-Since 2.6.26, this file is available only if the
-.B CONFIG_DEVKMEM
-kernel configuration option is enabled.
-.LP
-It is typically created by:
-.RS
-.sp
-mknod \-m 640 /dev/kmem c 1 2
-.br
-chown root:kmem /dev/kmem
-.RE
-.LP
-.B port
-is similar to
-.BR mem ,
-but the I/O ports are accessed.
-.LP
-It is typically created by:
-.RS
-.sp
-mknod \-m 660 /dev/port c 1 4
-.br
-chown root:kmem /dev/port
-.RE
-.SH FILES
-.I /dev/mem
-.br
-.I /dev/kmem
-.br
-.I /dev/port
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR chown (1),
-.BR mknod (1),
-.BR ioperm (2)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 3.79 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.