+++ /dev/null
-.\" This manpage is Copyright (C) 1996 Austin Donnelly <and1000@cam.ac.uk>,
-.\" with additional material Copyright (c) 1995 Martin Schulze
-.\" <joey@infodrom.north.de>
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" This manpage was made by merging two independently written manpages,
-.\" one written by Martin Schulze (18 Oct 95), the other written by
-.\" Austin Donnelly, (9 Jan 96).
-.\"
-.\" Thu Jan 11 12:14:41 1996 Austin Donnelly <and1000@cam.ac.uk>
-.\" * Merged two services(5) manpages
-.\"
-.TH SERVICES 5 2010-05-22 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-services \- Internet network services list
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B services
-is a plain ASCII file providing a mapping between human-friendly textual
-names for internet services, and their underlying assigned port
-numbers and protocol types.
-Every networking program should look into
-this file to get the port number (and protocol) for its service.
-The C library routines
-.BR getservent (3),
-.BR getservbyname (3),
-.BR getservbyport (3),
-.BR setservent (3),
-and
-.BR endservent (3)
-support querying this file from programs.
-
-Port numbers are assigned by the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers
-Authority), and their current policy is to assign both TCP and UDP
-protocols when assigning a port number.
-Therefore, most entries will
-have two entries, even for TCP-only services.
-
-Port numbers below 1024 (so-called "low numbered" ports) can be
-bound to only by root (see
-.BR bind (2),
-.BR tcp (7),
-and
-.BR udp (7)).
-This is so clients connecting to low numbered ports can trust
-that the service running on the port is the standard implementation,
-and not a rogue service run by a user of the machine.
-Well-known port numbers specified by the IANA are normally
-located in this root-only space.
-
-The presence of an entry for a service in the
-.B services
-file does not necessarily mean that the service is currently running
-on the machine.
-See
-.BR inetd.conf (5)
-for the configuration of Internet services offered.
-Note that not all
-networking services are started by
-.BR inetd (8),
-and so won't appear in
-.BR inetd.conf (5).
-In particular, news (NNTP) and mail (SMTP) servers are often
-initialized from the system boot scripts.
-
-The location of the
-.B services
-file is defined by
-.B _PATH_SERVICES
-in
-.IR <netdb.h> "."
-This is usually set to
-.IR /etc/services "."
-
-Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
-.IP
-\f2service-name\ \ \ port\f3/\f2protocol\ \ \ \f1[\f2aliases ...\f1]
-.TP
-where:
-.TP 10
-.I service-name
-is the friendly name the service is known by and looked up under.
-It is case sensitive.
-Often, the client program is named after the
-.IR service-name "."
-.TP
-.I port
-is the port number (in decimal) to use for this service.
-.TP
-.I protocol
-is the type of protocol to be used.
-This field should match an entry
-in the
-.BR protocols (5)
-file.
-Typical values include
-.B tcp
-and
-.BR udp .
-.TP
-.I aliases
-is an optional space or tab separated list of other names for this
-service.
-Again, the names are case
-sensitive.
-.PP
-Either spaces or tabs may be used to separate the fields.
-
-Comments are started by the hash sign (#) and continue until the end
-of the line.
-Blank lines are skipped.
-
-The
-.I service-name
-should begin in the first column of the file, since leading spaces are
-not stripped.
-.I service-names
-can be any printable characters excluding space and tab.
-However, a conservative choice of characters should be used to minimize
-compatibility problems.
-For example, a\-z, 0\-9, and hyphen (\-) would seem a
-sensible choice.
-
-Lines not matching this format should not be present in the
-file.
-(Currently, they are silently skipped by
-.BR getservent (3),
-.BR getservbyname (3),
-and
-.BR getservbyport (3).
-However, this behavior should not be relied on.)
-
-.\" The following is not true as at glibc 2.8 (a line with a comma is
-.\" ignored by getservent()); it's not clear if/when it was ever true.
-.\" As a backward compatibility feature, the slash (/) between the
-.\" .I port
-.\" number and
-.\" .I protocol
-.\" name can in fact be either a slash or a comma (,).
-.\" Use of the comma in
-.\" modern installations is deprecated.
-.\"
-This file might be distributed over a network using a network-wide
-naming service like Yellow Pages/NIS or BIND/Hesiod.
-
-A sample
-.B services
-file might look like this:
-.RS
-.ft CW
-.nf
-.sp
-netstat 15/tcp
-qotd 17/tcp quote
-msp 18/tcp # message send protocol
-msp 18/udp # message send protocol
-chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
-chargen 19/udp ttytst source
-ftp 21/tcp
-# 22 \- unassigned
-telnet 23/tcp
-.fi
-.ft
-.RE
-.SH FILES
-.TP
-.I /etc/services
-The Internet network services list
-.TP
-.I <netdb.h>
-Definition of
-.B _PATH_SERVICES
-.\" .SH BUGS
-.\" It's not clear when/if the following was ever true;
-.\" it isn't true for glibc 2.8:
-.\" There is a maximum of 35 aliases, due to the way the
-.\" .BR getservent (3)
-.\" code is written.
-.\"
-.\" It's not clear when/if the following was ever true;
-.\" it isn't true for glibc 2.8:
-.\" Lines longer than
-.\" .B BUFSIZ
-.\" (currently 1024) characters will be ignored by
-.\" .BR getservent (3),
-.\" .BR getservbyname (3),
-.\" and
-.\" .BR getservbyport (3).
-.\" However, this will also cause the next line to be mis-parsed.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR listen (2),
-.BR endservent (3),
-.BR getservbyname (3),
-.BR getservbyport (3),
-.BR getservent (3),
-.BR setservent (3),
-.BR inetd.conf (5),
-.BR protocols (5),
-.BR inetd (8)
-
-Assigned Numbers RFC, most recently RFC\ 1700, (AKA STD0002).
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 3.79 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
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