+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright (c) 1993 by Thomas Koenig (ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de)
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 11:05:58 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" Modified Sat Feb 10 16:18:03 1996 by Urs Thuermann (urs@isnogud.escape.de)
-.\" Modified Mon Jun 16 20:02:00 1997 by Nicolás Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org>
-.\" Modified Mon Feb 6 16:41:00 1999 by Nicolás Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org>
-.\" Modified Tue Feb 8 16:46:45 2000 by Chris Pepper <pepper@tgg.com>
-.\" Modified Fri Sep 7 20:32:45 2001 by Tammy Fox <tfox@redhat.com>
-.TH HIER 7 2012-08-05 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-hier \- description of the filesystem hierarchy
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-A typical Linux system has, among others, the following directories:
-.TP
-.I /
-This is the root directory.
-This is where the whole tree starts.
-.TP
-.I /bin
-This directory contains executable programs which are needed in
-single user mode and to bring the system up or repair it.
-.TP
-.I /boot
-Contains static files for the boot loader.
-This directory holds only
-the files which are needed during the boot process.
-The map installer
-and configuration files should go to
-.I /sbin
-and
-.IR /etc .
-.TP
-.I /dev
-Special or device files, which refer to physical devices.
-See
-.BR mknod (1).
-.TP
-.I /etc
-Contains configuration files which are local to the machine.
-Some
-larger software packages, like X11, can have their own subdirectories
-below
-.IR /etc .
-Site-wide configuration files may be placed here or in
-.IR /usr/etc .
-Nevertheless, programs should always look for these files in
-.I /etc
-and you may have links for these files to
-.IR /usr/etc .
-.TP
-.I /etc/opt
-Host-specific configuration files for add-on applications installed
-in
-.IR /opt .
-.TP
-.I /etc/sgml
-This directory contains the configuration files for SGML and XML (optional).
-.TP
-.I /etc/skel
-When a new user account is created, files from this directory are
-usually copied into the user's home directory.
-.TP
-.I /etc/X11
-Configuration files for the X11 window system (optional).
-.TP
-.I /home
-On machines with home directories for users, these are usually beneath
-this directory, directly or not.
-The structure of this directory
-depends on local administration decisions.
-.TP
-.I /lib
-This directory should hold those shared libraries that are necessary
-to boot the system and to run the commands in the root filesystem.
-.TP
-.I /media
-This directory contains mount points for removable media such as CD
-and DVD disks or USB sticks.
-.TP
-.I /mnt
-This directory is a mount point for a temporarily mounted filesystem.
-In some distributions,
-.I /mnt
-contains subdirectories intended to be used as mount points for several
-temporary filesystems.
-.TP
-.I /opt
-This directory should contain add-on packages that contain static files.
-.TP
-.I /proc
-This is a mount point for the
-.I proc
-filesystem, which provides information about running processes and
-the kernel.
-This pseudo-filesystem is described in more detail in
-.BR proc (5).
-.TP
-.I /root
-This directory is usually the home directory for the root user (optional).
-.TP
-.I /sbin
-Like
-.IR /bin ,
-this directory holds commands needed to boot the system, but which are
-usually not executed by normal users.
-.TP
-.I /srv
-This directory contains site-specific data that is served by this system.
-.TP
-.I /tmp
-This directory contains temporary files which may be deleted with no
-notice, such as by a regular job or at system boot up.
-.TP
-.I /usr
-This directory is usually mounted from a separate partition.
-It should hold only sharable, read-only data, so that it can be mounted
-by various machines running Linux.
-.TP
-.I /usr/X11R6
-The X\-Window system, version 11 release 6 (optional).
-.TP
-.I /usr/X11R6/bin
-Binaries which belong to the X\-Window system; often, there is a
-symbolic link from the more traditional
-.I /usr/bin/X11
-to here.
-.TP
-.I /usr/X11R6/lib
-Data files associated with the X\-Window system.
-.TP
-.I /usr/X11R6/lib/X11
-These contain miscellaneous files needed to run X; Often, there is a
-symbolic link from
-.I /usr/lib/X11
-to this directory.
-.TP
-.I /usr/X11R6/include/X11
-Contains include files needed for compiling programs using the X11
-window system.
-Often, there is a symbolic link from
-.I /usr/include/X11
-to this directory.
-.TP
-.I /usr/bin
-This is the primary directory for executable programs.
-Most programs
-executed by normal users which are not needed for booting or for
-repairing the system and which are not installed locally should be
-placed in this directory.
-.TP
-.I /usr/bin/X11
-is the traditional place to look for X11 executables; on Linux, it
-usually is a symbolic link to
-.IR /usr/X11R6/bin .
-.TP
-.I /usr/dict
-Replaced by
-.IR /usr/share/dict .
-.TP
-.I /usr/doc
-Replaced by
-.IR /usr/share/doc .
-.TP
-.I /usr/etc
-Site-wide configuration files to be shared between several machines
-may be stored in this directory.
-However, commands should always
-reference those files using the
-.I /etc
-directory.
-Links from files in
-.I /etc
-should point to the appropriate files in
-.IR /usr/etc .
-.TP
-.I /usr/games
-Binaries for games and educational programs (optional).
-.TP
-.I /usr/include
-Include files for the C compiler.
-.TP
-.I /usr/include/X11
-Include files for the C compiler and the X\-Window system.
-This is
-usually a symbolic link to
-.IR /usr/X11R6/include/X11 .
-.TP
-.I /usr/include/asm
-Include files which declare some assembler functions.
-This used to be a
-symbolic link to
-.IR /usr/src/linux/include/asm .
-.TP
-.I /usr/include/linux
-This contains information which may change from system release to
-system release and used to be a symbolic link to
-.I /usr/src/linux/include/linux
-to get at operating-system-specific information.
-
-(Note that one should have include files there that work correctly with
-the current libc and in user space.
-However, Linux kernel source is not
-designed to be used with user programs and does not know anything
-about the libc you are using.
-It is very likely that things will break
-if you let
-.I /usr/include/asm
-and
-.I /usr/include/linux
-point at a random kernel tree.
-Debian systems don't do this
-and use headers from a known good kernel
-version, provided in the libc*-dev package.)
-.TP
-.I /usr/include/g++
-Include files to use with the GNU C++ compiler.
-.TP
-.I /usr/lib
-Object libraries, including dynamic libraries, plus some executables
-which usually are not invoked directly.
-More complicated programs may
-have whole subdirectories there.
-.TP
-.I /usr/lib/X11
-The usual place for data files associated with X programs, and
-configuration files for the X system itself.
-On Linux, it usually is
-a symbolic link to
-.IR /usr/X11R6/lib/X11 .
-.TP
-.I /usr/lib/gcc-lib
-contains executables and include files for the GNU C compiler,
-.BR gcc (1).
-.TP
-.I /usr/lib/groff
-Files for the GNU groff document formatting system.
-.TP
-.I /usr/lib/uucp
-Files for
-.BR uucp (1).
-.TP
-.I /usr/local
-This is where programs which are local to the site typically go.
-.TP
-.I /usr/local/bin
-Binaries for programs local to the site.
-.TP
-.I /usr/local/doc
-Local documentation.
-.TP
-.I /usr/local/etc
-Configuration files associated with locally installed programs.
-.TP
-.I /usr/local/games
-Binaries for locally installed games.
-.TP
-.I /usr/local/lib
-Files associated with locally installed programs.
-.TP
-.I /usr/local/include
-Header files for the local C compiler.
-.TP
-.I /usr/local/info
-Info pages associated with locally installed programs.
-.TP
-.I /usr/local/man
-Man pages associated with locally installed programs.
-.TP
-.I /usr/local/sbin
-Locally installed programs for system administration.
-.TP
-.I /usr/local/share
-Local application data that can be shared among different architectures
-of the same OS.
-.TP
-.I /usr/local/src
-Source code for locally installed software.
-.TP
-.I /usr/man
-Replaced by
-.IR /usr/share/man .
-.TP
-.I /usr/sbin
-This directory contains program binaries for system administration
-which are not essential for the boot process, for mounting
-.IR /usr ,
-or for system repair.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share
-This directory contains subdirectories with specific application data, that
-can be shared among different architectures of the same OS.
-Often one finds stuff here that used to live in
-.I /usr/doc
-or
-.I /usr/lib
-or
-.IR /usr/man .
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/dict
-Contains the word lists used by spell checkers.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/doc
-Documentation about installed programs.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/games
-Static data files for games in
-.IR /usr/games .
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/info
-Info pages go here.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/locale
-Locale information goes here.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/man
-Manual pages go here in subdirectories according to the man page sections.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/man/<locale>/man[1\-9]
-These directories contain manual pages for the
-specific locale in source code form.
-Systems which use a unique language and code set for all manual pages
-may omit the <locale> substring.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/misc
-Miscellaneous data that can be shared among different architectures of the
-same OS.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/nls
-The message catalogs for native language support go here.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/sgml
-Files for SGML and XML.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/terminfo
-The database for terminfo.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/tmac
-Troff macros that are not distributed with groff.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/zoneinfo
-Files for timezone information.
-.TP
-.I /usr/src
-Source files for different parts of the system, included with some packages
-for reference purposes.
-Don't work here with your own projects, as files
-below /usr should be read-only except when installing software.
-.TP
-.I /usr/src/linux
-This was the traditional place for the kernel source.
-Some distributions put here the source for the default kernel they ship.
-You should probably use another directory when building your own kernel.
-.TP
-.I /usr/tmp
-Obsolete.
-This should be a link
-to
-.IR /var/tmp .
-This link is present only for compatibility reasons and shouldn't be used.
-.TP
-.I /var
-This directory contains files which may change in size, such as spool
-and log files.
-.TP
-.I /var/adm
-This directory is superseded by
-.I /var/log
-and should be a symbolic link to
-.IR /var/log .
-.TP
-.I /var/backups
-Reserved for historical reasons.
-.TP
-.I /var/cache
-Data cached for programs.
-.TP
-.IR /var/catman/cat[1\-9] " or " /var/cache/man/cat[1\-9]
-These directories contain preformatted manual pages according to their
-man page section.
-(The use of preformatted manual pages is deprecated.)
-.TP
-.I /var/cron
-Reserved for historical reasons.
-.TP
-.I /var/lib
-Variable state information for programs.
-.TP
-.I /var/local
-Variable data for
-.IR /usr/local .
-.TP
-.I /var/lock
-Lock files are placed in this directory.
-The naming convention for
-device lock files is
-.I LCK..<device>
-where
-.I <device>
-is the device's name in the filesystem.
-The format used is that of HDU UUCP lock files, that is, lock files
-contain a PID as a 10-byte ASCII decimal number, followed by a newline
-character.
-.TP
-.I /var/log
-Miscellaneous log files.
-.TP
-.I /var/opt
-Variable data for
-.IR /opt .
-.TP
-.I /var/mail
-Users' mailboxes.
-Replaces
-.IR /var/spool/mail .
-.TP
-.I /var/msgs
-Reserved for historical reasons.
-.TP
-.I /var/preserve
-Reserved for historical reasons.
-.TP
-.I /var/run
-Run-time variable files, like files holding process identifiers (PIDs)
-and logged user information
-.IR (utmp) .
-Files in this directory are usually cleared when the system boots.
-.TP
-.I /var/spool
-Spooled (or queued) files for various programs.
-.TP
-.I /var/spool/at
-Spooled jobs for
-.BR at (1).
-.TP
-.I /var/spool/cron
-Spooled jobs for
-.BR cron (8).
-.TP
-.I /var/spool/lpd
-Spooled files for printing.
-.TP
-.I /var/spool/mail
-Replaced by
-.IR /var/mail .
-.TP
-.I /var/spool/mqueue
-Queued outgoing mail.
-.TP
-.I /var/spool/news
-Spool directory for news.
-.TP
-.I /var/spool/rwho
-Spooled files for
-.BR rwhod (8).
-.TP
-.I /var/spool/smail
-Spooled files for the
-.BR smail (1)
-mail delivery program.
-.TP
-.I /var/spool/uucp
-Spooled files for
-.BR uucp (1).
-.TP
-.I /var/tmp
-Like
-.IR /tmp ,
-this directory holds temporary files stored for an unspecified duration.
-.TP
-.I /var/yp
-Database files for NIS.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, Version 2.2
-.UR http://www.pathname.com\:/fhs/
-.UE .
-.SH BUGS
-This list is not exhaustive; different systems may be configured
-differently.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR find (1),
-.BR ln (1),
-.BR proc (5),
-.BR mount (8)
-
-The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 3.79 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
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