+++ /dev/null
-# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
-# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
-# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
-#
-#, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-02-04 23:32+0900\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
-"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
-"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
-"Language: \n"
-"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
-"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "ARCH_PRCTL"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2007-12-26"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:26 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25 build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Linux"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:26 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25 build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:26 build/C/man2/futex.2:54 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:30 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:28 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:28 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:28 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:9 build/C/man2/outb.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:9 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:28 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:28 build/C/man2/personality.2:33 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:11 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:20 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26 build/C/man2/splice.2:27 build/C/man2/tee.2:27 build/C/man2/vm86.2:27 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "NAME"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28
-msgid "arch_prctl - set architecture-specific thread state"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28 build/C/man2/futex.2:56 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:30 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11 build/C/man2/outb.2:31 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30 build/C/man2/personality.2:35 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28 build/C/man2/splice.2:29 build/C/man2/tee.2:29 build/C/man2/vm86.2:29 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "SYNOPSIS"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:31
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:33
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:36
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long >I<addr>B<);>\n"
-"B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:37 build/C/man2/futex.2:70 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:45 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:47 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:18 build/C/man2/outb.2:62 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:22 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39 build/C/man2/personality.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:66 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:56 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:38 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:34 build/C/man2/splice.2:39 build/C/man2/tee.2:38 build/C/man2/vm86.2:35 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:39
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "DESCRIPTION"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:52
-msgid ""
-"The B<arch_prctl>() function sets architecture-specific process or thread "
-"state. I<code> selects a subfunction and passes argument I<addr> to it; "
-"I<addr> is interpreted as either an I<unsigned long> for the \"set\" "
-"operations, or as an I<unsigned long\\ *>, for the \"get\" operations."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
-msgid "Subfunctions for x86-64 are:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
-msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<FS> register to I<addr>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
-msgid ""
-"Return the 64-bit base value for the I<FS> register of the current thread in "
-"the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
-msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<GS> register to I<addr>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82
-msgid ""
-"Return the 64-bit base value for the I<GS> register of the current thread in "
-"the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82 build/C/man2/futex.2:216 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:78 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:242 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:53 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2607 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190 build/C/man2/personality.2:62 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1896 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88 build/C/man2/splice.2:135 build/C/man2/tee.2:85 build/C/man2/vm86.2:54 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:117
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "RETURN VALUE"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88
-msgid ""
-"On success, B<arch_prctl>() returns 0; on error, -1 is returned, and "
-"I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88 build/C/man2/futex.2:241 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:85 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:247 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2613 build/C/man2/personality.2:69 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1911 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91 build/C/man2/splice.2:150 build/C/man2/tee.2:100 build/C/man2/vm86.2:59 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:126
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "ERRORS"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:89 build/C/man2/futex.2:256 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:112 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:51 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:109 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2659 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:272 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1915 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:428 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125 build/C/man2/vm86.2:60
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EFAULT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93
-msgid ""
-"I<addr> points to an unmapped address or is outside the process address "
-"space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93 build/C/man2/futex.2:268 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:89 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:279 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:283 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:292 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:298 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:301 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:306 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:78 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2664 build/C/man2/personality.2:70 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:246 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:257 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:261 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1926 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128 build/C/man2/splice.2:161 build/C/man2/tee.2:107 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:137
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EINVAL>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97
-msgid "I<code> is not a valid subcommand."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:99 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:323 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2732 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:283 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1936 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456 build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EPERM>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. .SH AUTHOR
-#. Man page written by Andi Kleen.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103
-msgid "I<addr> is outside the process address space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103 build/C/man2/futex.2:303 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:335 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/outb.2:87 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2756 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199 build/C/man2/personality.2:73 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1954 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97 build/C/man2/splice.2:184 build/C/man2/tee.2:125 build/C/man2/vm86.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:153
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "CONFORMING TO"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107
-msgid ""
-"B<arch_prctl>() is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in "
-"programs intended to be portable."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107 build/C/man2/futex.2:305 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:118 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:337 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2761 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:297 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1956 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155 build/C/man2/splice.2:186 build/C/man2/tee.2:127 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:155
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "NOTES"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:110
-msgid ""
-"B<arch_prctl>() is supported only on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs "
-"currently."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:112
-msgid "The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:115
-msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS> is disabled in some kernels."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:130
-msgid ""
-"Context switches for 64-bit segment bases are rather expensive. It may be a "
-"faster alternative to set a 32-bit base using a segment selector by setting "
-"up an LDT with B<modify_ldt>(2) or using the B<set_thread_area>(2) system "
-"call in kernel 2.5 or later. B<arch_prctl>() is needed only when you want "
-"to set bases that are larger than 4GB. Memory in the first 2GB of address "
-"space can be allocated by using B<mmap>(2) with the B<MAP_32BIT> flag."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:135
-msgid ""
-"As of version 2.7, glibc provides no prototype for B<arch_prctl>(). You "
-"have to declare it yourself for now. This may be fixed in future glibc "
-"versions."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138
-msgid "I<FS> may be already used by the threading library."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138 build/C/man2/futex.2:319 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:127 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:341 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/outb.2:96 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2903 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205 build/C/man2/personality.2:77 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:347 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2122 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99 build/C/man2/splice.2:240 build/C/man2/tee.2:214 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "SEE ALSO"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:143
-msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145
-msgid "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145 build/C/man2/futex.2:333 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:136 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:350 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:60 build/C/man2/outb.2:99 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:116 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2909 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209 build/C/man2/personality.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:350 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2137 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:203 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:103 build/C/man2/splice.2:244 build/C/man2/tee.2:217 build/C/man2/vm86.2:76 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:167
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "COLOPHON"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:153 build/C/man2/futex.2:341 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:144 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:121 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:358 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:96 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:146 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:68 build/C/man2/outb.2:107 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:124 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2917 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:217 build/C/man2/personality.2:87 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:157 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:358 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2145 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:520 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:211 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:111 build/C/man2/splice.2:252 build/C/man2/tee.2:225 build/C/man2/vm86.2:84 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:175
-msgid ""
-"This page is part of release 3.79 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
-"description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest "
-"version of this page, can be found at "
-"\\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "FUTEX"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2014-05-21"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:56
-msgid "futex - fast user-space locking"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:61
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
-"B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:64
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct "
-"timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. int *? void *? u32 *?
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:67
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:70 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
-msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:86
-msgid ""
-"The B<futex>() system call provides a method for a program to wait for a "
-"value at a given address to change, and a method to wake up anyone waiting "
-"on a particular address (while the addresses for the same memory in separate "
-"processes may not be equal, the kernel maps them internally so the same "
-"memory mapped in different locations will correspond for B<futex>() "
-"calls). This system call is typically used to implement the contended case "
-"of a lock in shared memory, as described in B<futex>(7)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:93
-msgid ""
-"When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in user space, a "
-"call needs to be made to the kernel to arbitrate. Arbitration can either "
-"mean putting the calling process to sleep or, conversely, waking a waiting "
-"process."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:100
-msgid ""
-"Callers of this function are expected to adhere to the semantics as set out "
-"in B<futex>(7). As these semantics involve writing nonportable assembly "
-"instructions, this in turn probably means that most users will in fact be "
-"library authors and not general application developers."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:108
-msgid ""
-"The I<uaddr> argument needs to point to an aligned integer which stores the "
-"counter. The operation to execute is passed via the I<op> argument, along "
-"with a value I<val>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:110
-msgid "Five operations are currently defined:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:110 build/C/man2/futex.2:223
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:133
-msgid ""
-"This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
-"contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this futex "
-"address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents specify the "
-"duration of the wait. (This interval will be rounded up to the system clock "
-"granularity, and kernel scheduling delays mean that the blocking interval "
-"may overrun by a small amount.) If I<timeout> is NULL, the call blocks "
-"indefinitely. The arguments I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:141
-msgid ""
-"For B<futex>(7), this call is executed if decrementing the count gave a "
-"negative value (indicating contention), and will sleep until another process "
-"releases the futex and executes the B<FUTEX_WAKE> operation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:141 build/C/man2/futex.2:229
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:152
-msgid ""
-"This operation wakes at most I<val> processes waiting on this futex address "
-"(i.e., inside B<FUTEX_WAIT>). The arguments I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and "
-"I<val3> are ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:158
-msgid ""
-"For B<futex>(7), this is executed if incrementing the count showed that "
-"there were waiters, once the futex value has been set to 1 (indicating that "
-"it is available)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:158
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<FUTEX_FD> (present up to and including Linux 2.6.25)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. , suitable for .BR poll (2).
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:174
-msgid ""
-"To support asynchronous wakeups, this operation associates a file descriptor "
-"with a futex. If another process executes a B<FUTEX_WAKE>, the process will "
-"receive the signal number that was passed in I<val>. The calling process "
-"must close the returned file descriptor after use. The arguments "
-"I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:179
-msgid ""
-"To prevent race conditions, the caller should test if the futex has been "
-"upped after B<FUTEX_FD> returns."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:183
-msgid ""
-"Because it was inherently racy, B<FUTEX_FD> has been removed from Linux "
-"2.6.26 onward."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:183
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.5.70)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:198
-msgid ""
-"This operation was introduced in order to avoid a \"thundering herd\" effect "
-"when B<FUTEX_WAKE> is used and all processes woken up need to acquire "
-"another futex. This call wakes up I<val> processes, and requeues all other "
-"waiters on the futex at address I<uaddr2>. The arguments I<timeout> and "
-"I<val3> are ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:198
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:216
-msgid ""
-"There was a race in the intended use of B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, so "
-"B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> was introduced. This is similar to B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, "
-"but first checks whether the location I<uaddr> still contains the value "
-"I<val3>. If not, the operation fails with the error B<EAGAIN>. The "
-"argument I<timeout> is ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:223
-msgid ""
-"In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
-"indicate the error. The return value on success depends on the operation, "
-"as described in the following list:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:229
-msgid ""
-"Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. See ERRORS for "
-"the various possible error returns."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:232 build/C/man2/futex.2:238 build/C/man2/futex.2:241
-msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:232
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<FUTEX_FD>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:235
-msgid "Returns the new file descriptor associated with the futex."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:235
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:238
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:242 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2635 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EACCES>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:245
-msgid "No read access to futex memory."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:245 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:116 build/C/man2/splice.2:151 build/C/man2/tee.2:101 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EAGAIN>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:256
-msgid ""
-"B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> detected that the value pointed to by I<uaddr> is not "
-"equal to the expected value I<val3>. (This probably indicates a race; use "
-"the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:261
-msgid "Error retrieving I<timeout> information from user space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:261
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EINTR>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:268
-msgid ""
-"A B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation was interrupted by a signal (see B<signal>(7)) or "
-"a spurious wakeup."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
-msgid "Invalid argument."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ENFILE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:274
-msgid "The system limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:274 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2718 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447 build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ENOSYS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:278
-msgid "Invalid operation specified in I<op>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:278
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ETIMEDOUT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:283
-msgid "Timeout during the B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:283
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:293
-msgid ""
-"I<op> was B<FUTEX_WAIT> and the value pointed to by I<uaddr> was not equal "
-"to the expected value I<val> at the time of the call."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:293 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:116 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:328 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:292 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94 build/C/man2/splice.2:179 build/C/man2/tee.2:120 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:148
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "VERSIONS"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:303
-msgid ""
-"Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7 but with different semantics "
-"from what was described above. A 4-argument system call with the semantics "
-"described in this page was introduced in Linux 2.5.40. In Linux 2.5.70, one "
-"argument was added. In Linux 2.6.7, a sixth argument was added\\(emmessy, "
-"especially on the s390 architecture."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:305 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99 build/C/man2/splice.2:186 build/C/man2/tee.2:127 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:155
-msgid "This system call is Linux-specific."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. .SH "AUTHORS"
-#. .PP
-#. Futexes were designed and worked on by
-#. Hubertus Franke (IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center),
-#. Matthew Kirkwood, Ingo Molnar (Red Hat)
-#. and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center).
-#. This page written by bert hubert.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:319
-msgid ""
-"To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction "
-"for end-users. (There is no wrapper function for this system call in "
-"glibc.) Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have read "
-"the sources of the futex user-space library referenced below."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:322
-msgid "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<futex>(7)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:325
-msgid ""
-"I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
-"of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:328
-msgid ""
-"E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
-"E<.UE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:330
-msgid "Futex example library, futex-*.tar.bz2 at"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:333
-msgid ""
-"E<.UR ftp://ftp.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> "
-"E<.UE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2015-01-22"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Linux System Calls"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32
-msgid "get_robust_list, set_robust_list - get/set list of robust futexes"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:37
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
-"B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
-"B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:41
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<long get_robust_list(int >I<pid>B<, struct robust_list_head "
-"**>I<head_ptr>B<,>\n"
-"B< size_t *>I<len_ptr>B<);>\n"
-"B<long set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head *>I<head>B<, size_t "
-">I<len>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:45 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:47
-msgid "I<Note>: There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:50
-msgid ""
-"The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust "
-"futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits. These lists are managed "
-"in user space; the kernel is notified about only the location of the head of "
-"the list."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:66
-msgid ""
-"The B<get_robust_list>() system call returns the head of the robust futex "
-"list of the thread whose thread ID is specified in I<pid>. If I<pid> is 0, "
-"the head of the list for the calling thread is returned. The list head is "
-"stored in the location pointed to by I<head_ptr>. The size of the object "
-"pointed to by I<**head_ptr> is stored in I<len_ptr>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:78
-msgid ""
-"The B<set_robust_list>() system call requests the kernel to record the head "
-"of the list of robust futexes owned by the calling thread. The I<head> "
-"argument is the list head to record. The I<len> argument should be "
-"I<sizeof(*head)>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:85
-msgid ""
-"The B<set_robust_list>() and B<get_robust_list>() system calls return zero "
-"when the operation is successful, an error code otherwise."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:89
-msgid "The B<set_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following error:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:95
-msgid ""
-"I<len> does not match the size of structure B<struct robust_list_head> "
-"expected by kernel."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:99
-msgid "The B<get_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following errors:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:107
-msgid ""
-"The calling process does not have permission to see the robust futex list of "
-"the thread with the thread ID I<pid>, and does not have the "
-"B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE> capability."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:107 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2746 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1949 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ESRCH>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:112
-msgid "No thread with the thread ID I<pid> could be found."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:116
-msgid "The head of the robust futex list can't be stored at the location I<head>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:118
-msgid "These system calls were added in Linux 2.6.17."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:123
-msgid ""
-"These system calls are not needed by normal applications. No support for "
-"them is provided in glibc. In the unlikely event that you want to call them "
-"directly, use B<syscall>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:127
-msgid ""
-"A thread can have only one robust futex list; therefore applications that "
-"wish to use this functionality should use the robust mutexes provided by "
-"glibc."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. .BR pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np (3)
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:130
-msgid "B<futex>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. http://lwn.net/Articles/172149/
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:136
-msgid ""
-"I<Documentation/robust-futexes.txt> and "
-"I<Documentation/robust-futex-ABI.txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "GETUNWIND"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2014-09-21"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
-msgid "getunwind - copy the unwind data to caller's buffer"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:34
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
-"B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:36
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<long getunwind(void >I<*buf>B<, size_t >I<buf_size>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:42
-msgid "I<Note: this function is obsolete.>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:52
-msgid ""
-"The IA-64-specific B<getunwind>() system call copies the kernel's call "
-"frame unwind data into the buffer pointed to by I<buf> and returns the size "
-"of the unwind data; this data describes the gate page (kernel code that is "
-"mapped into user space)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:64
-msgid ""
-"The size of the buffer I<buf> is specified in I<buf_size>. The data is "
-"copied only if I<buf_size> is greater than or equal to the size of the "
-"unwind data and I<buf> is not NULL; otherwise, no data is copied, and the "
-"call succeeds, returning the size that would be needed to store the unwind "
-"data."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:68
-msgid ""
-"The first part of the unwind data contains an unwind table. The rest "
-"contains the associated unwind information, in no particular order. The "
-"unwind table contains entries of the following form:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:73
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" u64 start; (64-bit address of start of function)\n"
-" u64 end; (64-bit address of end of function)\n"
-" u64 info; (BUF-relative offset to unwind info)\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
-msgid ""
-"An entry whose I<start> value is zero indicates the end of the table. For "
-"more information about the format, see the I<IA-64 Software Conventions and "
-"Runtime Architecture> manual."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
-msgid ""
-"On success, B<getunwind>() returns the size of the unwind data. On error, "
-"-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94
-msgid ""
-"B<getunwind>() fails with the error B<EFAULT> if the unwind info can't be "
-"stored in the space specified by I<buf>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96
-msgid "This system call is available since Linux 2.4."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
-msgid ""
-"This system call is Linux-specific, and is available only on the IA-64 "
-"architecture."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:107
-msgid ""
-"This system call has been deprecated. The modern way to obtain the kernel's "
-"unwind data is via the gate DSO. The address of the ELF header for this DSO "
-"is passed to user level via B<AT_SYSINFO_EHDR> (see B<getauxval>(3))."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
-msgid ""
-"Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; in the unlikely event "
-"that you want to call it, use B<syscall>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
-msgid "B<getauxval>(3)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "KEXEC_LOAD"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2015-02-01"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:30
-msgid "kexec_load, kexec_file_load - load a new kernel for later execution"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:33
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:37
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long "
-">I<nr_segments>B<,>\n"
-"B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long "
-">I<flags>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<long kexec_file_load(int >I<kernel_fd>B<, int >I<initrd_fd>B<,>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:43
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B< unsigned long >I<cmdline_len>B<, const char "
-"*>I<cmdline>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:52
-msgid ""
-"The B<kexec_load>() system call loads a new kernel that can be executed "
-"later by B<reboot>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:58
-msgid ""
-"The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that controls the operation of the "
-"call. The following values can be specified in I<flags>:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:58
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:74
-msgid ""
-"Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash. This \"crash "
-"kernel\" is loaded into an area of reserved memory that is determined at "
-"boot time using the I<craskkernel> kernel command-line parameter. The "
-"location of this reserved memory is exported to user space via the "
-"I</proc/iomem> file, in an entry labeled \"Crash kernel\". A user-space "
-"application can parse this file and prepare a list of segments (see below) "
-"that specify this reserved memory as destination. If this flag is "
-"specified, the kernel checks that the target segments specified in "
-"I<segments> fall within the reserved region."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:74
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:84
-msgid ""
-"Preserve the system hardware and software states before executing the new "
-"kernel. This could be used for system suspend. This flag is available only "
-"if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP>, and is effective "
-"only if I<nr_segments> is greater than 0."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:105
-msgid ""
-"The high-order bits (corresponding to the mask 0xffff0000) of I<flags> "
-"contain the architecture of the to-be-executed kernel. Specify (OR) the "
-"constant B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> to use the current architecture, or one of "
-"the following architecture constants B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_68K>, "
-"B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, "
-"B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, "
-"B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, and B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE>. The "
-"architecture must be executable on the CPU of the system."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:120
-msgid ""
-"The I<entry> argument is the physical entry address in the kernel image. "
-"The I<nr_segments> argument is the number of segments pointed to by the "
-"I<segments> pointer; the kernel imposes an (arbitrary) limit of 16 on the "
-"number of segments. The I<segments> argument is an array of "
-"I<kexec_segment> structures which define the kernel layout:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:129
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct kexec_segment {\n"
-" void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
-" size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
-" void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
-" size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:146
-msgid ""
-"The kernel image defined by I<segments> is copied from the calling process "
-"into the kernel either in regular memory or in reserved memory (if "
-"B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> is set). The kernel first performs various sanity checks "
-"on the information passed in I<segments>. If these checks pass, the kernel "
-"copies the segment data to kernel memory. Each segment specified in "
-"I<segments> is copied as follows:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:146 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:157 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:164 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1238 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1256 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1735 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1745 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1753 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1759 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1888 build/C/man2/splice.2:55 build/C/man2/splice.2:61 build/C/man2/splice.2:70
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "*"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:157
-msgid ""
-"I<buf> and I<bufsz> identify a memory region in the caller's virtual address "
-"space that is the source of the copy. The value in I<bufsz> may not exceed "
-"the value in the I<memsz> field."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:164
-msgid ""
-"I<mem> and I<memsz> specify a physical address range that is the target of "
-"the copy. The values specified in both fields must be multiples of the "
-"system page size."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:172
-msgid ""
-"I<bufsz> bytes are copied from the source buffer to the target kernel "
-"buffer. If I<bufsz> is less than I<memsz>, then the excess bytes in the "
-"kernel buffer are zeroed out."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:181
-msgid ""
-"In case of a normal kexec (i.e., the B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> flag is not set), the "
-"segment data is loaded in any available memory and is moved to the final "
-"destination at kexec reboot time (e.g., when the B<kexec>(8) command is "
-"executed with the I<-e> option)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:187
-msgid ""
-"In case of kexec on panic (i.e., the B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> flag is set), the "
-"segment data is loaded to reserved memory at the time of the call, and, "
-"after a crash, the kexec mechanism simply passes control to that kernel."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:192
-msgid ""
-"The B<kexec_load>() system call is available only if the kernel was "
-"configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:192
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "kexec_file_load()"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:211
-msgid ""
-"The B<kexec_file_load>() system call is similar to B<kexec_load>(), but it "
-"takes a different set of arguments. It reads the kernel to be loaded from "
-"the file referred to by the descriptor I<kernel_fd>, and the initrd (initial "
-"RAM disk) to be loaded from file referred to by the descriptor "
-"I<initrd_fd>. The I<cmdline> argument is a pointer to a buffer containing "
-"the command line for the new kernel. The I<cmdline_len> argument specifies "
-"size of the buffer. The last byte in the buffer must be a null byte "
-"(\\(aq\\e0\\(aq)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:217
-msgid ""
-"The I<flags> argument is a bit mask which modifies the behavior of the "
-"call. The following values can be specified in I<flags>:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:217
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<KEXEC_FILE_UNLOAD>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:220
-msgid "Unload the currently loaded kernel."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:220
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<KEXEC_FILE_ON_CRASH>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:226
-msgid ""
-"Load the new kernel in the memory region reserved for the crash kernel (as "
-"for B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH).> This kernel is booted if the currently running "
-"kernel crashes."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:226
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<KEXEC_FILE_NO_INITRAMFS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:233
-msgid ""
-"Loading initrd/initramfs is optional. Specify this flag if no initramfs is "
-"being loaded. If this flag is set, the value passed in I<initrd_fd> is "
-"ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. See also http://lwn.net/Articles/603116/
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:242
-msgid ""
-"The B<kexec_file_load>() system call was added to provide support for "
-"systems where \"kexec\" loading should be restricted to only kernels that "
-"are signed. This system call is available only if the kernel was configured "
-"with B<CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:247
-msgid ""
-"On success, these system calls returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
-"I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:248 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:260
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EADDRNOTAVAIL>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. See kernel/kexec.::sanity_check_segment_list in the 3.19 kernel source
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:260
-msgid ""
-"The B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> flags was specified, but the region specified by the "
-"I<mem> and I<memsz> fields of one of the I<segments> entries lies outside "
-"the range of memory reserved for the crash kernel."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:269
-msgid ""
-"The value in a I<mem> or I<memsz> field in one of the I<segments> entries is "
-"not a multiple of the system page size."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:269 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2649 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121 build/C/man2/splice.2:157 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:133
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EBADF>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:275
-msgid "I<kernel_fd> or I<initrd_fd> is not a valid file descriptor."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:275 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1912 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EBUSY>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:279
-msgid ""
-"Another crash kernel is already being loaded or a crash kernel is already in "
-"use."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:283
-msgid "I<flags> is invalid."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:292
-msgid ""
-"The value of a I<bufsz> field in one of the I<segments> entries exceeds the "
-"value in the corresponding I<memsz> field."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:298
-msgid "I<nr_segments> exceeds B<KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX> (16)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:301
-msgid "Two or more of the kernel target buffers overlap."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:306
-msgid "The value in I<cmdline[cmdline_len-1]> is not \\(aq\\e0\\(aq."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:313
-msgid "The file referred to by I<kernel_fd> or I<initrd_fd> is empty (length zero)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:313 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:278 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138 build/C/man2/splice.2:169 build/C/man2/tee.2:117 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ENOMEM>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:316
-msgid "Could not allocate memory."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:316
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ENOEXEC>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:323
-msgid ""
-"I<kernel_fd> does not refer to an open file, or the kernel can't load this "
-"file. Currently, the file must be a bzImage and contain an x86 kernel that "
-"is loadable above 4GiB in memory (see the kernel source file "
-"I<Documentation/x86/boot.txt>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:328
-msgid "The caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:335
-msgid ""
-"The B<kexec_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.13. The "
-"B<kexec_file_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 3.17."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:337
-msgid "These system calls are Linux-specific."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:341
-msgid ""
-"Currently, there is no glibc support for these system calls. Call them "
-"using B<syscall>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:345
-msgid "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2), B<kexec>(8)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:350
-msgid ""
-"The kernel source files I<Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt> and "
-"I<Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2004-06-17"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
-msgid "lookup_dcookie - return a directory entry's path"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
-msgid ""
-"B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t "
-">I<len>B<);>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:38
-msgid ""
-"Look up the full path of the directory entry specified by the value "
-"I<cookie>. The cookie is an opaque identifier uniquely identifying a "
-"particular directory entry. The buffer given is filled in with the full "
-"path of the directory entry."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
-msgid ""
-"For B<lookup_dcookie>() to return successfully, the kernel must still hold "
-"a cookie reference to the directory entry."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
-msgid ""
-"On success, B<lookup_dcookie>() returns the length of the path string "
-"copied into the buffer. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
-"appropriately."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54
-msgid "The buffer was not valid."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
-msgid ""
-"The kernel has no registered cookie/directory entry mappings at the time of "
-"lookup, or the cookie does not refer to a valid directory entry."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61
-msgid "The name could not fit in the buffer."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
-msgid ""
-"The kernel could not allocate memory for the temporary buffer holding the "
-"path."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70
-msgid ""
-"The process does not have the capability B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> required to look "
-"up cookie values."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ERANGE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73
-msgid "The buffer was not large enough to hold the path of the directory entry."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78
-msgid ""
-"Available since Linux 2.5.43. The B<ENAMETOOLONG> error return was added in "
-"2.5.70."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
-msgid "B<lookup_dcookie>() is Linux-specific."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:85
-msgid ""
-"B<lookup_dcookie>() is a special-purpose system call, currently used only "
-"by the oprofile profiler. It relies on a kernel driver to register cookies "
-"for directory entries."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
-msgid ""
-"The path returned may be suffixed by the string \" (deleted)\" if the "
-"directory entry has been removed."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "MODIFY_LDT"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2012-07-13"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27
-msgid "modify_ldt - get or set ldt"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:30
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:32
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long "
-">I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:41
-msgid ""
-"B<modify_ldt>() reads or writes the local descriptor table (ldt) for a "
-"process. The ldt is a per-process memory management table used by the i386 "
-"processor. For more information on this table, see an Intel 386 processor "
-"handbook."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:51
-msgid ""
-"When I<func> is 0, B<modify_ldt>() reads the ldt into the memory pointed to "
-"by I<ptr>. The number of bytes read is the smaller of I<bytecount> and the "
-"actual size of the ldt."
-msgstr ""
-
-#
-#. FIXME Should this page say something about func == 2 and func == 0x11?
-#. In Linux 2.4, func == 2 returned "the default ldt"
-#. In Linux 2.6, func == 2 is a nop, returning a zeroed out structure.
-#. Linux 2.4 and 2.6 implement an operation for func == 0x11
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:69
-msgid ""
-"When I<func> is 1, B<modify_ldt>() modifies one ldt entry. I<ptr> points "
-"to a I<user_desc> structure and I<bytecount> must equal the size of this "
-"structure."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:73
-msgid "The I<user_desc> structure is defined in I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> as:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:87
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct user_desc {\n"
-" unsigned int entry_number;\n"
-" unsigned long base_addr;\n"
-" unsigned int limit;\n"
-" unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
-" unsigned int contents:2;\n"
-" unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
-" unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
-" unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
-" unsigned int useable:1;\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. .PP
-#. The ldt is specific for the calling process. Any attempts to change
-#. the ldt to include the address space of another process or the kernel
-#. will result in a segmentation violation when trying to access the memory
-#. outside of the process address space. The memory protection is enforced
-#. at the paging layer.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98
-msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108
-msgid ""
-"On success, B<modify_ldt>() returns either the actual number of bytes read "
-"(for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, B<modify_ldt>() returns -1 "
-"and sets I<errno> to indicate the error."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
-msgid "I<ptr> points outside the address space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
-msgid ""
-"I<ptr> is 0, or I<func> is 1 and I<bytecount> is not equal to the size of "
-"the structure I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>, or I<func> is 1 and the new ldt entry has "
-"invalid values."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
-msgid "I<func> is neither 0 nor 1."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133
-msgid ""
-"This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
-"be portable."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
-msgid ""
-"Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
-"B<syscall>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138
-msgid "B<vm86>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "NFSSERVCTL"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2013-09-17"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
-msgid "nfsservctl - syscall interface to kernel nfs daemon"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:14
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:17
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
-"B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:21
-msgid "I<Note>: Since Linux 3.1, this system call no longer exists."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:35
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"/*\n"
-" * These are the commands understood by nfsctl().\n"
-" */\n"
-"#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* This is a server process. */\n"
-"#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* Add an NFS client. */\n"
-"#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* Remove an NFS client. */\n"
-"#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* Export a filesystem. */\n"
-"#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* Unexport a filesystem. */\n"
-"#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* Update a client's UID/GID map\n"
-" (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
-"#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* Get a file handle (used by mountd)\n"
-" (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:47
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
-" int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
-" union {\n"
-" struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
-" struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
-" struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
-" struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
-" struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
-" unsigned int u_debug;\n"
-" } u;\n"
-"}\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:52
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"union nfsctl_res {\n"
-" struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
-" unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105 build/C/man2/vm86.2:59
-msgid ""
-"On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
-"appropriately."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:60
-msgid "This call is Linux-specific."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "OUTB"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2012-12-31"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:31
-msgid ""
-"outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
-"outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - port I/O"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:34
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:41
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
-"B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
-"B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
-"B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
-"B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
-"B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:48
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
-"B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
-"B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int "
-">I<port>B<);>\n"
-"B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int "
-">I<port>B<);>\n"
-"B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
-"B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:61
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
-"B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
-"B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
-"B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
-"B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
-"B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:67
-msgid ""
-"This family of functions is used to do low-level port input and output. The "
-"out* functions do port output, the in* functions do port input; the b-suffix "
-"functions are byte-width and the w-suffix functions word-width; the "
-"_p-suffix functions pause until the I/O completes."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. , given the following information
-#. in addition to that given in
-#. .BR outb (9).
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:73
-msgid ""
-"They are primarily designed for internal kernel use, but can be used from "
-"user space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:78
-msgid ""
-"You must compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined "
-"as inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization "
-"enabled, causing unresolved references at link time."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:87
-msgid ""
-"You use B<ioperm>(2) or alternatively B<iopl>(2) to tell the kernel to "
-"allow the user space application to access the I/O ports in question. "
-"Failure to do this will cause the application to receive a segmentation "
-"fault."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:96
-msgid ""
-"B<outb>() and friends are hardware-specific. The I<value> argument is "
-"passed first and the I<port> argument is passed second, which is the "
-"opposite order from most DOS implementations."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:99
-msgid "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "PCICONFIG_READ"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2003-07-14"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
-msgid ""
-"pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci device information "
-"handling"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:14
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:21
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void "
-"*>I<buf>B<);>\n"
-"B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void "
-"*>I<buf>B<);>\n"
-"B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27
-msgid ""
-"Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the kernel "
-"PCI layer, and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed from "
-"user space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:51
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<pciconfig_read>()"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36
-msgid "Reads to I<buf> from device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<pciconfig_write>()"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45
-msgid "Writes from I<buf> to device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50
-msgid ""
-"You pass it a bus/devfn pair and get a physical address for either the "
-"memory offset (for things like prep, this is 0xc0000000), the IO base for "
-"PIO cycles, or the ISA holes if any."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
-msgid ""
-"On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
-"appropriately."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
-msgid ""
-"Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory "
-"according to the I<which> value. Values for I<which> are: "
-"B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, "
-"B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
-msgid "I<len> value is invalid. This does not apply to B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1929 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EIO>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
-msgid "I/O error."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2696
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ENODEV>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93
-msgid ""
-"For B<pciconfig_iobase>(), \"hose\" value is NULL. For the other calls, "
-"could not find a slot."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
-msgid "The system has not implemented these calls (B<CONFIG_PCI> not defined)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2725
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105
-msgid ""
-"This return value is valid only for B<pciconfig_iobase>(). It is returned "
-"if the value for I<which> is invalid."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112
-msgid ""
-"User does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability. This does not apply to "
-"B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
-msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:116
-msgid "B<capabilities>(7)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2015-01-10"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30
-msgid "perf_event_open - set up performance monitoring"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:34
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
-"B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:38
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
-"B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:47
-msgid ""
-"Given a list of parameters, B<perf_event_open>() returns a file descriptor, "
-"for use in subsequent system calls (B<read>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<prctl>(2), "
-"B<fcntl>(2), etc.)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:55
-msgid ""
-"A call to B<perf_event_open>() creates a file descriptor that allows "
-"measuring performance information. Each file descriptor corresponds to one "
-"event that is measured; these can be grouped together to measure multiple "
-"events simultaneously."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:62
-msgid ""
-"Events can be enabled and disabled in two ways: via B<ioctl>(2) and via "
-"B<prctl>(2). When an event is disabled it does not count or generate "
-"overflows but does continue to exist and maintain its count value."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
-msgid ""
-"Events come in two flavors: counting and sampled. A I<counting> event is "
-"one that is used for counting the aggregate number of events that occur. In "
-"general, counting event results are gathered with a B<read>(2) call. A "
-"I<sampling> event periodically writes measurements to a buffer that can then "
-"be accessed via B<mmap>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Arguments"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:83
-msgid ""
-"The I<pid> and I<cpu> arguments allow specifying which process and CPU to "
-"monitor:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:83
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<pid == 0> and B<cpu == -1>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:86
-msgid "This measures the calling process/thread on any CPU."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:86
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<pid == 0> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
-msgid ""
-"This measures the calling process/thread only when running on the specified "
-"CPU."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<pid E<gt> 0> and B<cpu == -1>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:93
-msgid "This measures the specified process/thread on any CPU."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:93
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<pid E<gt> 0> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:97
-msgid ""
-"This measures the specified process/thread only when running on the "
-"specified CPU."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:97
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<pid == -1> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:105
-msgid ""
-"This measures all processes/threads on the specified CPU. This requires "
-"B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability or a I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid> "
-"value of less than 1."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:105
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<pid == -1> and B<cpu == -1>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:108
-msgid "This setting is invalid and will return an error."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:130
-msgid ""
-"The I<group_fd> argument allows event groups to be created. An event group "
-"has one event which is the group leader. The leader is created first, with "
-"I<group_fd> = -1. The rest of the group members are created with subsequent "
-"B<perf_event_open>() calls with I<group_fd> being set to the file "
-"descriptor of the group leader. (A single event on its own is created with "
-"I<group_fd> = -1 and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.) An "
-"event group is scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will be put onto the CPU "
-"only if all of the events in the group can be put onto the CPU. This means "
-"that the values of the member events can be meaningfully compared\\(emadded, "
-"divided (to get ratios), and so on\\(emwith each other, since they have "
-"counted events for the same set of executed instructions."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:134
-msgid ""
-"The I<flags> argument is formed by ORing together zero or more of the "
-"following values:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:134
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC> (since Linux 3.14)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit a21b0b354d4ac39be691f51c53562e2c24443d9e
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:151
-msgid ""
-"This flag enables the close-on-exec flag for the created event file "
-"descriptor, so that the file descriptor is automatically closed on "
-"B<execve>(2). Setting the close-on-exec flags at creation time, rather than "
-"later with B<fcntl>(2), avoids potential race conditions where the calling "
-"thread invokes B<perf_event_open>() and B<fcntl>(2) at the same time as "
-"another thread calls B<fork>(2) then B<execve>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:151
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
-msgid ""
-"This flag tells the event to ignore the I<group_fd> parameter except for the "
-"purpose of setting up output redirection using the B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT> "
-"flag."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT> (broken since Linux 2.6.35)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit ac9721f3f54b27a16c7e1afb2481e7ee95a70318
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:165
-msgid ""
-"This flag re-routes the event's sampled output to instead be included in the "
-"mmap buffer of the event specified by I<group_fd>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:165
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit e5d1367f17ba6a6fed5fd8b74e4d5720923e0c25
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:189
-msgid ""
-"This flag activates per-container system-wide monitoring. A container is an "
-"abstraction that isolates a set of resources for finer-grained control "
-"(CPUs, memory, etc.). In this mode, the event is measured only if the "
-"thread running on the monitored CPU belongs to the designated container "
-"(cgroup). The cgroup is identified by passing a file descriptor opened on "
-"its directory in the cgroupfs filesystem. For instance, if the cgroup to "
-"monitor is called I<test>, then a file descriptor opened on "
-"I</dev/cgroup/test> (assuming cgroupfs is mounted on I</dev/cgroup>) must "
-"be passed as the I<pid> parameter. cgroup monitoring is available only for "
-"system-wide events and may therefore require extra permissions."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:194
-msgid ""
-"The I<perf_event_attr> structure provides detailed configuration information "
-"for the event being created."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:201
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct perf_event_attr {\n"
-" __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
-" __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
-" __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:206
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" union {\n"
-" __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
-" __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
-" };\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:209
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
-" __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:237
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
-" inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
-" pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
-" exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
-" exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
-" exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
-" exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
-" exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
-" mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
-" comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
-" freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
-" inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
-" enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
-" task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
-" watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
-" precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
-" mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
-" sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
-" exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
-" exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
-" exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
-" /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
-" exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
-" /* exclude user callchains */\n"
-" mmap2 : 1, /* include mmap with inode data */\n"
-" comm_exec : 1, /* flag comm events that are due to exec "
-"*/\n"
-" __reserved_1 : 39;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:242
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" union {\n"
-" __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
-" __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
-" };\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:244
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:249
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" union {\n"
-" __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
-" __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
-" };\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:259
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" union {\n"
-" __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
-" __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
-" };\n"
-" __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
-" __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
-" __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
-" samples */\n"
-" __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:261
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:267
-msgid ""
-"The fields of the I<perf_event_attr> structure are described in more detail "
-"below:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:267 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1669
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<type>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:271
-msgid ""
-"This field specifies the overall event type. It has one of the following "
-"values:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:272
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:279
-msgid ""
-"This indicates one of the \"generalized\" hardware events provided by the "
-"kernel. See the I<config> field definition for more details."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:279
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:283
-msgid ""
-"This indicates one of the software-defined events provided by the kernel "
-"(even if no hardware support is available)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:283
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
-msgid ""
-"This indicates a tracepoint provided by the kernel tracepoint "
-"infrastructure."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:293
-msgid ""
-"This indicates a hardware cache event. This has a special encoding, "
-"described in the I<config> field definition."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:293
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:297
-msgid ""
-"This indicates a \"raw\" implementation-specific event in the I<config> "
-"field."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:297
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 24f1e32c60c45c89a997c73395b69c8af6f0a84e
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:303
-msgid ""
-"This indicates a hardware breakpoint as provided by the CPU. Breakpoints "
-"can be read/write accesses to an address as well as execution of an "
-"instruction address."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:303
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "dynamic PMU"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 2e80a82a49c4c7eca4e35734380f28298ba5db19
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:323
-msgid ""
-"Since Linux 2.6.38, B<perf_event_open>() can support multiple PMUs. To "
-"enable this, a value exported by the kernel can be used in the I<type> field "
-"to indicate which PMU to use. The value to use can be found in the sysfs "
-"filesystem: there is a subdirectory per PMU instance under "
-"I</sys/bus/event_source/devices>. In each subdirectory there is a I<type> "
-"file whose content is an integer that can be used in the I<type> field. For "
-"instance, I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/type> contains the value for "
-"the core CPU PMU, which is usually 4."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:324 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1601
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<size>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:333
-msgid ""
-"The size of the I<perf_event_attr> structure for forward/backward "
-"compatibility. Set this using I<sizeof(struct perf_event_attr)> to allow "
-"the kernel to see the struct size at the time of compilation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit cb5d76999029ae7a517cb07dfa732c1b5a934fc2
-#. this was added much later when PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2 happened
-#. but the actual attr_size had increased in 2.6.33
-#. commit cb5d76999029ae7a517cb07dfa732c1b5a934fc2
-#. commit 1659d129ed014b715b0b2120e6fd929bdd33ed03
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:353
-msgid ""
-"The related define B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0> is set to 64; this was the size of "
-"the first published struct. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER1> is 72, corresponding to "
-"the addition of breakpoints in Linux 2.6.33. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2> is 80 "
-"corresponding to the addition of branch sampling in Linux 3.4. "
-"B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER3> is 96 corresponding to the addition of "
-"I<sample_regs_user> and I<sample_stack_user> in Linux 3.7."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:353
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<config>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:364
-msgid ""
-"This specifies which event you want, in conjunction with the I<type> field. "
-"The I<config1> and I<config2> fields are also taken into account in cases "
-"where 64 bits is not enough to fully specify the event. The encoding of "
-"these fields are event dependent."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:375
-msgid ""
-"There are various ways to set the I<config> field that are dependent on the "
-"value of the previously described I<type> field. What follows are various "
-"possible settings for I<config> separated out by I<type>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:385
-msgid ""
-"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>, we are measuring one of the generalized "
-"hardware CPU events. Not all of these are available on all platforms. Set "
-"I<config> to one of the following:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:386
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:390
-msgid "Total cycles. Be wary of what happens during CPU frequency scaling."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:390
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
-msgid ""
-"Retired instructions. Be careful, these can be affected by various issues, "
-"most notably hardware interrupt counts."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
-msgid ""
-"Cache accesses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache accesses but this "
-"may vary depending on your CPU. This may include prefetches and coherency "
-"messages; again this depends on the design of your CPU."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:409
-msgid ""
-"Cache misses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache misses; this is "
-"intended to be used in conjunction with the "
-"B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES> event to calculate cache miss rates."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:409
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit f287d332ce835f77a4f5077d2c0ef1e3f9ea42d2
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:415
-msgid ""
-"Retired branch instructions. Prior to Linux 2.6.35, this used the wrong "
-"event on AMD processors."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:415
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:418
-msgid "Mispredicted branch instructions."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:418
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:421
-msgid "Bus cycles, which can be different from total cycles."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:421
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (since Linux 3.0)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 8f62242246351b5a4bc0c1f00c0c7003edea128a
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:425
-msgid "Stalled cycles during issue."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:425
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (since Linux 3.0)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 8f62242246351b5a4bc0c1f00c0c7003edea128a
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:429
-msgid "Stalled cycles during retirement."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:429
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (since Linux 3.3)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit c37e17497e01fc0f5d2d6feb5723b210b3ab8890
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:433
-msgid "Total cycles; not affected by CPU frequency scaling."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:443
-msgid ""
-"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>, we are measuring software events "
-"provided by the kernel. Set I<config> to one of the following:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:444
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
-msgid "This reports the CPU clock, a high-resolution per-CPU timer."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:450
-msgid "This reports a clock count specific to the task that is running."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:450
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:453
-msgid "This reports the number of page faults."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:453
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit e49a5bd38159dfb1928fd25b173bc9de4bbadb21
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
-msgid ""
-"This counts context switches. Until Linux 2.6.34, these were all reported "
-"as user-space events, after that they are reported as happening in the "
-"kernel."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:463
-msgid "This reports the number of times the process has migrated to a new CPU."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:463
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:467
-msgid ""
-"This counts the number of minor page faults. These did not require disk I/O "
-"to handle."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:467
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:471
-msgid ""
-"This counts the number of major page faults. These required disk I/O to "
-"handle."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:471
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit f7d7986060b2890fc26db6ab5203efbd33aa2497
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:478
-msgid ""
-"This counts the number of alignment faults. These happen when unaligned "
-"memory accesses happen; the kernel can handle these but it reduces "
-"performance. This happens only on some architectures (never on x86)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:478
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit f7d7986060b2890fc26db6ab5203efbd33aa2497
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:485
-msgid ""
-"This counts the number of emulation faults. The kernel sometimes traps on "
-"unimplemented instructions and emulates them for user space. This can "
-"negatively impact performance."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:485
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY> (since Linux 3.12)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit fa0097ee690693006ab1aea6c01ad3c851b65c77
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:493
-msgid ""
-"This is a placeholder event that counts nothing. Informational sample "
-"record types such as mmap or comm must be associated with an active event. "
-"This dummy event allows gathering such records without requiring a counting "
-"event."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:506
-msgid ""
-"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>, then we are measuring kernel "
-"tracepoints. The value to use in I<config> can be obtained from under "
-"debugfs I<tracing/events/*/*/id> if ftrace is enabled in the kernel."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:517
-msgid ""
-"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>, then we are measuring a hardware CPU "
-"cache event. To calculate the appropriate I<config> value use the following "
-"equation:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:522
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
-" (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:527
-msgid "where I<perf_hw_cache_id> is one of:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:528
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:531
-msgid "for measuring Level 1 Data Cache"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:531
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:534
-msgid "for measuring Level 1 Instruction Cache"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:534
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:537
-msgid "for measuring Last-Level Cache"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:537
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:540
-msgid "for measuring the Data TLB"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:540
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:543
-msgid "for measuring the Instruction TLB"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:543
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:546
-msgid "for measuring the branch prediction unit"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:546
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (since Linux 3.1)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 89d6c0b5bdbb1927775584dcf532d98b3efe1477
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:550
-msgid "for measuring local memory accesses"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:555
-msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_id> is one of"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:556
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:559
-msgid "for read accesses"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:559
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:562
-msgid "for write accesses"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:562
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:565
-msgid "for prefetch accesses"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:570
-msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_result_id> is one of"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:571
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:574
-msgid "to measure accesses"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:574
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:577
-msgid "to measure misses"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:595
-msgid ""
-"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>, then a custom \"raw\" I<config> value is "
-"needed. Most CPUs support events that are not covered by the "
-"\"generalized\" events. These are implementation defined; see your CPU "
-"manual (for example the Intel Volume 3B documentation or the AMD BIOS and "
-"Kernel Developer Guide). The libpfm4 library can be used to translate from "
-"the name in the architectural manuals to the raw hex value "
-"B<perf_event_open>() expects in this field."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:604
-msgid ""
-"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>, then leave I<config> set to zero. "
-"Its parameters are set in other places."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:605
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:617
-msgid ""
-"A \"sampling\" event is one that generates an overflow notification every N "
-"events, where N is given by I<sample_period>. A sampling event has "
-"I<sample_period> E<gt> 0. When an overflow occurs, requested data is "
-"recorded in the mmap buffer. The I<sample_type> field controls what data is "
-"recorded on each overflow."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:627
-msgid ""
-"I<sample_freq> can be used if you wish to use frequency rather than period. "
-"In this case, you set the I<freq> flag. The kernel will adjust the sampling "
-"period to try and achieve the desired rate. The rate of adjustment is a "
-"timer tick."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:627
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<sample_type>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:639
-msgid ""
-"The various bits in this field specify which values to include in the "
-"sample. They will be recorded in a ring-buffer, which is available to user "
-"space using B<mmap>(2). The order in which the values are saved in the "
-"sample are documented in the MMAP Layout subsection below; it is not the "
-"I<enum perf_event_sample_format> order."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:640
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:643
-msgid "Records instruction pointer."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:643
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:646
-msgid "Records the process and thread IDs."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:646
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:649
-msgid "Records a timestamp."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:649
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:652
-msgid "Records an address, if applicable."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:652
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:655
-msgid "Record counter values for all events in a group, not just the group leader."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:655
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:658
-msgid "Records the callchain (stack backtrace)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:658
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:661
-msgid "Records a unique ID for the opened event's group leader."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:661
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:664
-msgid "Records CPU number."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:664
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:667
-msgid "Records the current sampling period."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:667
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:675
-msgid ""
-"Records a unique ID for the opened event. Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the "
-"actual ID is returned, not the group leader. This ID is the same as the one "
-"returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:675
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:679
-msgid ""
-"Records additional data, if applicable. Usually returned by tracepoint "
-"events."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:679
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (since Linux 3.4)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit bce38cd53e5ddba9cb6d708c4ef3d04a4016ec7e
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:685
-msgid ""
-"This provides a record of recent branches, as provided by CPU branch "
-"sampling hardware (such as Intel Last Branch Record). Not all hardware "
-"supports this feature."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:689
-msgid ""
-"See the I<branch_sample_type> field for how to filter which branches are "
-"reported."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:689
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (since Linux 3.7)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 4018994f3d8785275ef0e7391b75c3462c029e56
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:694
-msgid ""
-"Records the current user-level CPU register state (the values in the process "
-"before the kernel was called)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:694
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (since Linux 3.7)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:698
-msgid "Records the user level stack, allowing stack unwinding."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:698
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (since Linux 3.10)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit c3feedf2aaf9ac8bad6f19f5d21e4ee0b4b87e9c
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:705
-msgid ""
-"Records a hardware provided weight value that expresses how costly the "
-"sampled event was. This allows the hardware to highlight expensive events "
-"in a profile."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:705
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (since Linux 3.10)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit d6be9ad6c960f43800a6f118932bc8a5a4eadcd1
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:712
-msgid ""
-"Records the data source: where in the memory hierarchy the data associated "
-"with the sampled instruction came from. This is available only if the "
-"underlying hardware supports this feature."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:712
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> (since Linux 3.12)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit ff3d527cebc1fa3707c617bfe9e74f53fcfb0955
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:720
-msgid ""
-"Places the B<SAMPLE_ID> value in a fixed position in the record, either at "
-"the beginning (for sample events) or at the end (if a non-sample event)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:732
-msgid ""
-"This was necessary because a sample stream may have records from various "
-"different event sources with different I<sample_type> settings. Parsing the "
-"event stream properly was not possible because the format of the record was "
-"needed to find B<SAMPLE_ID>, but the format could not be found without "
-"knowing what event the sample belonged to (causing a circular dependency)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:742
-msgid ""
-"The B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> setting makes the event stream always parsable "
-"by putting B<SAMPLE_ID> in a fixed location, even though it means having "
-"duplicate B<SAMPLE_ID> values in records."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:742
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> (since Linux 3.13)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit fdfbbd07e91f8fe387140776f3fd94605f0c89e5
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:747
-msgid ""
-"Records reasons for transactional memory abort events (for example, from "
-"Intel TSX transactional memory support)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:755
-msgid ""
-"The I<precise_ip> setting must be greater than 0 and a transactional memory "
-"abort event must be measured or no values will be recorded. Also note that "
-"some perf_event measurements, such as sampled cycle counting, may cause "
-"extraneous aborts (by causing an interrupt during a transaction)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:756
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<read_format>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:763
-msgid ""
-"This field specifies the format of the data returned by B<read>(2) on a "
-"B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:764
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:771
-msgid ""
-"Adds the 64-bit I<time_enabled> field. This can be used to calculate "
-"estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:771
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:778
-msgid ""
-"Adds the 64-bit I<time_running> field. This can be used to calculate "
-"estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:778
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:781
-msgid "Adds a 64-bit unique value that corresponds to the event group."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:781
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:784
-msgid "Allows all counter values in an event group to be read with one read."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:785
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<disabled>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:795
-msgid ""
-"The I<disabled> bit specifies whether the counter starts out disabled or "
-"enabled. If disabled, the event can later be enabled by B<ioctl>(2), "
-"B<prctl>(2), or I<enable_on_exec>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:806
-msgid ""
-"When creating an event group, typically the group leader is initialized with "
-"I<disabled> set to 1 and any child events are initialized with I<disabled> "
-"set to 0. Despite I<disabled> being 0, the child events will not start "
-"until the group leader is enabled."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:806
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<inherit>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:815
-msgid ""
-"The I<inherit> bit specifies that this counter should count events of child "
-"tasks as well as the task specified. This applies only to new children, not "
-"to any existing children at the time the counter is created (nor to any new "
-"children of existing children)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:820
-msgid ""
-"Inherit does not work for some combinations of I<read_format>s, such as "
-"B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:820
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<pinned>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:833
-msgid ""
-"The I<pinned> bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if "
-"at all possible. It applies only to hardware counters and only to group "
-"leaders. If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because "
-"there are not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some "
-"other event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads "
-"return end-of-file (i.e., B<read>(2) returns 0) until the counter is "
-"subsequently enabled or disabled."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:833
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<exclusive>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:842
-msgid ""
-"The I<exclusive> bit specifies that when this counter's group is on the CPU, "
-"it should be the only group using the CPU's counters. In the future this "
-"may allow monitoring programs to support PMU features that need to run alone "
-"so that they do not disrupt other hardware counters."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:849
-msgid ""
-"Note that many unexpected situations may prevent events with the "
-"I<exclusive> bit set from ever running. This includes any users running a "
-"system-wide measurement as well as any kernel use of the performance "
-"counters (including the commonly enabled NMI Watchdog Timer interface)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:849
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<exclude_user>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:852
-msgid "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in user space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:852
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<exclude_kernel>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:855
-msgid "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in kernel-space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:855
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<exclude_hv>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:863
-msgid ""
-"If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in the "
-"hypervisor. This is mainly for PMUs that have built-in support for handling "
-"this (such as POWER). Extra support is needed for handling hypervisor "
-"measurements on most machines."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:863
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<exclude_idle>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:866
-msgid "If set, don't count when the CPU is idle."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:866
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<mmap>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:880
-msgid ""
-"The I<mmap> bit enables generation of B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> samples for every "
-"B<mmap>(2) call that has B<PROT_EXEC> set. This allows tools to notice new "
-"executable code being mapped into a program (dynamic shared libraries for "
-"example) so that addresses can be mapped back to the original code."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:880 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1761
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<comm>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 82b897782d10fcc4930c9d4a15b175348fdd2871
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:899
-msgid ""
-"The I<comm> bit enables tracking of process command name as modified by the "
-"B<exec>(2) and B<prctl>(PR_SET_NAME) system calls as well as writing to "
-"I</proc/self/comm>. If the I<comm_exec> flag is also successfully set "
-"(possible since Linux 3.16), then the misc flag "
-"B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC> can be used to differentiate the B<exec>(2) "
-"case from the others."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:899
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<freq>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:906
-msgid ""
-"If this bit is set, then I<sample_frequency> not I<sample_period> is used "
-"when setting up the sampling interval."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:906
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<inherit_stat>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:913
-msgid ""
-"This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for inherited "
-"tasks. This is meaningful only if the I<inherit> field is set."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:913
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<enable_on_exec>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:918
-msgid ""
-"If this bit is set, a counter is automatically enabled after a call to "
-"B<exec>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:918
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<task>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:922
-msgid ""
-"If this bit is set, then fork/exit notifications are included in the ring "
-"buffer."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:922
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<watermark>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:930
-msgid ""
-"If set, have an overflow notification happen when we cross the "
-"I<wakeup_watermark> boundary. Otherwise, overflow notifications happen "
-"after I<wakeup_events> samples."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:930
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<precise_ip> (since Linux 2.6.35)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit ab608344bcbde4f55ec4cd911b686b0ce3eae076
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:941
-msgid ""
-"This controls the amount of skid. Skid is how many instructions execute "
-"between an event of interest happening and the kernel being able to stop and "
-"record the event. Smaller skid is better and allows more accurate reporting "
-"of which events correspond to which instructions, but hardware is often "
-"limited with how small this can be."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:943
-msgid "The values of this are the following:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:944
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "0 -"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:948
-msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> can have arbitrary skid."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:948
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "1 -"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:952
-msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have constant skid."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:952
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2 -"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:956
-msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> requested to have 0 skid."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:956
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "3 -"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:962
-msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have 0 skid. See also B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:963
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<mmap_data> (since Linux 2.6.36)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 3af9e859281bda7eb7c20b51879cf43aa788ac2e
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:976
-msgid ""
-"The counterpart of the I<mmap> field. This enables generation of "
-"B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> samples for B<mmap>(2) calls that do not have "
-"B<PROT_EXEC> set (for example data and SysV shared memory)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:976
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<sample_id_all> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit c980d1091810df13f21aabbce545fd98f545bbf7
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:985
-msgid ""
-"If set, then TID, TIME, ID, STREAM_ID, and CPU can additionally be included "
-"in non-B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>s if the corresponding I<sample_type> is "
-"selected."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:993
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> is specified, then an additional ID value is "
-"included as the last value to ease parsing the record stream. This may lead "
-"to the I<id> value appearing twice."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:995
-msgid "The layout is described by this pseudo-structure:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1005
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct sample_id {\n"
-" { u32 pid, tid; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID set */\n"
-" { u64 time; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME set */\n"
-" { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID set */\n"
-" { u64 stream_id;} /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID set */\n"
-" { u32 cpu, res; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU set */\n"
-" { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER set */\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1006
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<exclude_host> (since Linux 3.2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit a240f76165e6255384d4bdb8139895fac7988799
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1010
-msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM host."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1010
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<exclude_guest> (since Linux 3.2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit a240f76165e6255384d4bdb8139895fac7988799
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1014
-msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM guest."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1014
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (since Linux 3.7)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit d077526485d5c9b12fe85d0b2b3b7041e6bc5f91
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1018
-msgid "Do not include kernel callchains."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1018
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<exclude_callchain_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit d077526485d5c9b12fe85d0b2b3b7041e6bc5f91
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1022
-msgid "Do not include user callchains."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1022
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<mmap2> (since Linux 3.16)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 13d7a2410fa637f450a29ecb515ac318ee40c741
-#. This is tricky; was committed during 3.12 development
-#. but right before release was disabled.
-#. So while you could select mmap2 starting with 3.12
-#. it did not work until 3.16
-#. commit a5a5ba72843dd05f991184d6cb9a4471acce1005
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1035
-msgid ""
-"Generate an extended executable mmap record that contains enough additional "
-"information to uniquely identify shared mappings. The I<mmap> flag must "
-"also be set for this to work."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1035
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<comm_exec> (since Linux 3.16)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 82b897782d10fcc4930c9d4a15b175348fdd2871
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1051
-msgid ""
-"This is purely a feature-detection flag, it does not change kernel "
-"behavior. If this flag can successfully be set, then, when I<comm> is "
-"enabled, the B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC> flag will be set in the I<misc> "
-"field of a comm record header if the rename event being reported was caused "
-"by a call to B<exec>(2). This allows tools to distinguish between the "
-"various types of process renaming."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1051
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1061
-msgid ""
-"This union sets how many samples (I<wakeup_events>) or bytes "
-"(I<wakeup_watermark>) happen before an overflow notification happens. "
-"Which one is used is selected by the I<watermark> bit flag."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1071
-msgid ""
-"I<wakeup_events> counts only B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> record types. To receive "
-"overflow notification for all B<PERF_RECORD> types choose watermark and set "
-"I<wakeup_watermark> to 1."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit f506b3dc0ec454a16d40cab9ee5d75435b39dc50
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1077
-msgid ""
-"Prior to Linux 3.0 setting I<wakeup_events> to 0 resulted in no overflow "
-"notifications; more recent kernels treat 0 the same as 1."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1077
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<bp_type> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 24f1e32c60c45c89a997c73395b69c8af6f0a84e
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1082
-msgid "This chooses the breakpoint type. It is one of:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1083
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1086
-msgid "No breakpoint."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1086
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1089
-msgid "Count when we read the memory location."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1089
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1092
-msgid "Count when we write the memory location."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1092
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1095
-msgid "Count when we read or write the memory location."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1095
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1098
-msgid "Count when we execute code at the memory location."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1107
-msgid ""
-"The values can be combined via a bitwise or, but the combination of "
-"B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R> or B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W> with B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X> is not "
-"allowed."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1108
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<bp_addr> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 24f1e32c60c45c89a997c73395b69c8af6f0a84e
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1116
-msgid ""
-"I<bp_addr> address of the breakpoint. For execution breakpoints this is the "
-"memory address of the instruction of interest; for read and write "
-"breakpoints it is the memory address of the memory location of interest."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1116
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<config1> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit a7e3ed1e470116c9d12c2f778431a481a6be8ab6
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1124
-msgid ""
-"I<config1> is used for setting events that need an extra register or "
-"otherwise do not fit in the regular config field. Raw OFFCORE_EVENTS on "
-"Nehalem/Westmere/SandyBridge use this field on 3.3 and later kernels."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1124
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<bp_len> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 24f1e32c60c45c89a997c73395b69c8af6f0a84e
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1139
-msgid ""
-"I<bp_len> is the length of the breakpoint being measured if I<type> is "
-"B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>. Options are B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1>, "
-"B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_8>. For "
-"an execution breakpoint, set this to I<sizeof(long)>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1139
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<config2> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit a7e3ed1e470116c9d12c2f778431a481a6be8ab6
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1147
-msgid "I<config2> is a further extension of the I<config1> field."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1147
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<branch_sample_type> (since Linux 3.4)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit bce38cd53e5ddba9cb6d708c4ef3d04a4016ec7e
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1154
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then this specifies what branches "
-"to include in the branch record."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1160
-msgid ""
-"The first part of the value is the privilege level, which is a combination "
-"of one of the following values. If the user does not set privilege level "
-"explicitly, the kernel will use the event's privilege level. Event and "
-"branch privilege levels do not have to match."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1161
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1164
-msgid "Branch target is in user space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1164
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1167
-msgid "Branch target is in kernel space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1167
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1170
-msgid "Branch target is in hypervisor."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1170
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_PLM_ALL>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1173
-msgid "A convenience value that is the three preceding values ORed together."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1177
-msgid ""
-"In addition to the privilege value, at least one or more of the following "
-"bits must be set."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1178
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1181
-msgid "Any branch type."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1181
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1184
-msgid "Any call branch."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1184
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1187
-msgid "Any return branch."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1187
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1190
-msgid "Indirect calls."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1190
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND> (since Linux 3.16)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit bac52139f0b7ab31330e98fd87fc5a2664951050
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1194
-msgid "Conditional branches."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1194
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ABORT_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 135c5612c460f89657c4698fe2ea753f6f667963
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1198
-msgid "Transactional memory aborts."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1198
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IN_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 135c5612c460f89657c4698fe2ea753f6f667963
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1202
-msgid "Branch in transactional memory transaction."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1202
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 135c5612c460f89657c4698fe2ea753f6f667963
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1206
-msgid "Branch not in transactional memory transaction."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1208
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<sample_regs_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 4018994f3d8785275ef0e7391b75c3462c029e56
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1215
-msgid ""
-"This bit mask defines the set of user CPU registers to dump on samples. The "
-"layout of the register mask is architecture-specific and described in the "
-"kernel header I<arch/ARCH/include/uapi/asm/perf_regs.h>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1215
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<sample_stack_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1221
-msgid ""
-"This defines the size of the user stack to dump if B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> "
-"is specified."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1221
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Reading results"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1231
-msgid ""
-"Once a B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor has been opened, the values of "
-"the events can be read from the file descriptor. The values that are there "
-"are specified by the I<read_format> field in the I<attr> structure at open "
-"time."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1236
-msgid ""
-"If you attempt to read into a buffer that is not big enough to hold the data "
-"B<ENOSPC> is returned"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1238
-msgid "Here is the layout of the data returned by a read:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1242
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified to allow reading all events in a group "
-"at once:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1254
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct read_format {\n"
-" u64 nr; /* The number of events */\n"
-" u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
-" u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
-" struct {\n"
-" u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
-" u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
-" } values[nr];\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1262
-msgid "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was I<not> specified:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1271
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct read_format {\n"
-" u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
-" u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
-" u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
-" u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1275
-msgid "The values read are as follows:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1275
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<nr>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1281
-msgid ""
-"The number of events in this file descriptor. Only available if "
-"B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1281
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<time_enabled>, I<time_running>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1293
-msgid ""
-"Total time the event was enabled and running. Normally these are the same. "
-"If more events are started, then available counter slots on the PMU, then "
-"multiplexing happens and events run only part of the time. In that case, "
-"the I<time_enabled> and I<time running> values can be used to scale an "
-"estimated value for the count."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1293
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<value>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1296
-msgid "An unsigned 64-bit value containing the counter result."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1296 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1732 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1898
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<id>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1302
-msgid ""
-"A globally unique value for this particular event, only present if "
-"B<PERF_FORMAT_ID> was specified in I<read_format>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1302
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "MMAP layout"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1312
-msgid ""
-"When using B<perf_event_open>() in sampled mode, asynchronous events (like "
-"counter overflow or B<PROT_EXEC> mmap tracking) are logged into a "
-"ring-buffer. This ring-buffer is created and accessed through B<mmap>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1318
-msgid ""
-"The mmap size should be 1+2^n pages, where the first page is a metadata page "
-"(I<struct perf_event_mmap_page>) that contains various bits of information "
-"such as where the ring-buffer head is."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1321
-msgid ""
-"Before kernel 2.6.39, there is a bug that means you must allocate a mmap "
-"ring buffer when sampling even if you do not plan to access it."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1323
-msgid "The structure of the first metadata mmap page is as follows:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1352
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct perf_event_mmap_page {\n"
-" __u32 version; /* version number of this structure */\n"
-" __u32 compat_version; /* lowest version this is compat with */\n"
-" __u32 lock; /* seqlock for synchronization */\n"
-" __u32 index; /* hardware counter identifier */\n"
-" __s64 offset; /* add to hardware counter value */\n"
-" __u64 time_enabled; /* time event active */\n"
-" __u64 time_running; /* time event on CPU */\n"
-" union {\n"
-" __u64 capabilities;\n"
-" struct {\n"
-" __u64 cap_usr_time / cap_usr_rdpmc / cap_bit0 : 1,\n"
-" cap_bit0_is_deprecated : 1,\n"
-" cap_user_rdpmc : 1,\n"
-" cap_user_time : 1,\n"
-" cap_user_time_zero : 1,\n"
-" };\n"
-" };\n"
-" __u16 pmc_width;\n"
-" __u16 time_shift;\n"
-" __u32 time_mult;\n"
-" __u64 time_offset;\n"
-" __u64 __reserved[120]; /* Pad to 1k */\n"
-" __u64 data_head; /* head in the data section */\n"
-" __u64 data_tail; /* user-space written tail */\n"
-"}\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1358
-msgid ""
-"The following list describes the fields in the I<perf_event_mmap_page> "
-"structure in more detail:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1358
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<version>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1361
-msgid "Version number of this structure."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1361
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<compat_version>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1364
-msgid "The lowest version this is compatible with."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1364
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<lock>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1367
-msgid "A seqlock for synchronization."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1367
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<index>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1370
-msgid "A unique hardware counter identifier."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1370
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<offset>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1375
-msgid ""
-"When using rdpmc for reads this offset value must be added to the one "
-"returned by rdpmc to get the current total event count."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1375
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<time_enabled>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1378
-msgid "Time the event was active."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1378
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<time_running>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1381
-msgid "Time the event was running."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1381
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<cap_usr_time> / I<cap_usr_rdpmc> / I<cap_bit0> (since Linux 3.4)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit c7206205d00ab375839bd6c7ddb247d600693c09
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1395
-msgid ""
-"There was a bug in the definition of I<cap_usr_time> and I<cap_usr_rdpmc> "
-"from Linux 3.4 until Linux 3.11. Both bits were defined to point to the "
-"same location, so it was impossible to know if I<cap_usr_time> or "
-"I<cap_usr_rdpmc> were actually set."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit fa7315871046b9a4c48627905691dbde57e51033
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1404
-msgid ""
-"Starting with Linux 3.12, these are renamed to I<cap_bit0> and you should "
-"use the I<cap_user_time> and I<cap_user_rdpmc> fields instead."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1405
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<cap_bit0_is_deprecated> (since Linux 3.12)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit fa7315871046b9a4c48627905691dbde57e51033
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1414
-msgid ""
-"If set, this bit indicates that the kernel supports the properly separated "
-"I<cap_user_time> and I<cap_user_rdpmc> bits."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1421
-msgid ""
-"If not-set, it indicates an older kernel where I<cap_usr_time> and "
-"I<cap_usr_rdpmc> map to the same bit and thus both features should be used "
-"with caution."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1422
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<cap_user_rdpmc> (since Linux 3.12)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit fa7315871046b9a4c48627905691dbde57e51033
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1428
-msgid ""
-"If the hardware supports user-space read of performance counters without "
-"syscall (this is the \"rdpmc\" instruction on x86), then the following code "
-"can be used to do a read:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1434
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
-"u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
-"u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1440
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"do {\n"
-" seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
-" barrier();\n"
-" enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
-" running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1447
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
-" cyc = rdtsc();\n"
-" time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
-" time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
-" time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
-" }\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1450
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
-" count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1455
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
-" width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
-" count += rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
-" }\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1458
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" barrier();\n"
-"} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1460
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<cap_user_time> (since Linux 3.12)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit fa7315871046b9a4c48627905691dbde57e51033
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1465
-msgid ""
-"This bit indicates the hardware has a constant, nonstop timestamp counter "
-"(TSC on x86)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1465
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<cap_user_time_zero> (since Linux 3.12)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit fa7315871046b9a4c48627905691dbde57e51033
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1472
-msgid ""
-"Indicates the presence of I<time_zero> which allows mapping timestamp values "
-"to the hardware clock."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1472
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<pmc_width>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1479
-msgid ""
-"If I<cap_usr_rdpmc>, this field provides the bit-width of the value read "
-"using the rdpmc or equivalent instruction. This can be used to sign extend "
-"the result like:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1485
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
-"pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
-"count += pmc;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1487
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1494
-msgid ""
-"If I<cap_usr_time>, these fields can be used to compute the time delta since "
-"time_enabled (in nanoseconds) using rdtsc or similar."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1502
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" u64 quot, rem;\n"
-" u64 delta;\n"
-" quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
-" rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
-" delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
-" ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1514
-msgid ""
-"Where I<time_offset>, I<time_mult>, I<time_shift>, and I<cyc> are read in "
-"the seqcount loop described above. This delta can then be added to enabled "
-"and possible running (if idx), improving the scaling:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1522
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" enabled += delta;\n"
-" if (idx)\n"
-" running += delta;\n"
-" quot = count / running;\n"
-" rem = count % running;\n"
-" count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1523
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<time_zero> (since Linux 3.12)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit fa7315871046b9a4c48627905691dbde57e51033
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1532
-msgid ""
-"If I<cap_usr_time_zero> is set, then the hardware clock (the TSC timestamp "
-"counter on x86) can be calculated from the I<time_zero>, I<time_mult>, and "
-"I<time_shift> values:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1538
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" time = timestamp - time_zero;\n"
-" quot = time / time_mult;\n"
-" rem = time % time_mult;\n"
-" cyc = (quot E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) + (rem E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) / "
-"time_mult;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1541
-msgid "And vice versa:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1547
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" quot = cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift;\n"
-" rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
-" timestamp = time_zero + quot * time_mult +\n"
-" ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1548
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<data_head>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1554
-msgid ""
-"This points to the head of the data section. The value continuously "
-"increases, it does not wrap. The value needs to be manually wrapped by the "
-"size of the mmap buffer before accessing the samples."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1559
-msgid ""
-"On SMP-capable platforms, after reading the I<data_head> value, user space "
-"should issue an rmb()."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1559
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<data_tail>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
-msgid ""
-"When the mapping is B<PROT_WRITE>, the I<data_tail> value should be written "
-"by user space to reflect the last read data. In this case, the kernel will "
-"not overwrite unread data."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1569
-msgid "The following 2^n ring-buffer pages have the layout described below."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1583
-msgid ""
-"If I<perf_event_attr.sample_id_all> is set, then all event types will have "
-"the sample_type selected fields related to where/when (identity) an event "
-"took place (TID, TIME, ID, CPU, STREAM_ID) described in "
-"B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> below, it will be stashed just after the "
-"I<perf_event_header> and the fields already present for the existing fields, "
-"that is, at the end of the payload. That way a newer perf.data file will be "
-"supported by older perf tools, with these new optional fields being ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1585
-msgid "The mmap values start with a header:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1593
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct perf_event_header {\n"
-" __u32 type;\n"
-" __u16 misc;\n"
-" __u16 size;\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1601
-msgid ""
-"Below, we describe the I<perf_event_header> fields in more detail. For ease "
-"of reading, the fields with shorter descriptions are presented first."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1604
-msgid "This indicates the size of the record."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1604
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<misc>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1609
-msgid "The I<misc> field contains additional information about the sample."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1614
-msgid ""
-"The CPU mode can be determined from this value by masking with "
-"B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_MASK> and looking for one of the following (note "
-"these are not bit masks, only one can be set at a time):"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1615
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1618
-msgid "Unknown CPU mode."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1618
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1621
-msgid "Sample happened in the kernel."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1621
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1624
-msgid "Sample happened in user code."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1624
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1627
-msgid "Sample happened in the hypervisor."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1627
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL> (since Linux 2.6.35)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 39447b386c846bbf1c56f6403c5282837486200f
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1631
-msgid "Sample happened in the guest kernel."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1631
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER (since Linux 2.6.35)>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 39447b386c846bbf1c56f6403c5282837486200f
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1635
-msgid "Sample happened in guest user code."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1639
-msgid "In addition, one of the following bits can be set:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1639
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA> (since Linux 3.10)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 2fe85427e3bf65d791700d065132772fc26e4d75
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1644
-msgid ""
-"This is set when the mapping is not executable; otherwise the mapping is "
-"executable."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1644
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC> (since Linux 3.16)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 82b897782d10fcc4930c9d4a15b175348fdd2871
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1656
-msgid ""
-"This is set for a B<PERF_RECORD_COMM> record on kernels more recent than "
-"Linux 3.16 if a process name change was caused by an B<exec>(2) system "
-"call. It is an alias for B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA> since the two values "
-"would not be set in the same record."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1656
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1664
-msgid ""
-"This indicates that the content of B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> points to the actual "
-"instruction that triggered the event. See also "
-"I<perf_event_attr.precise_ip>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1664
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED> (since Linux 2.6.35)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 1676b8a077c352085d52578fb4f29350b58b6e74
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1668
-msgid "This indicates there is extended data available (currently not used)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1678
-msgid ""
-"The I<type> value is one of the below. The values in the corresponding "
-"record (that follows the header) depend on the I<type> selected as shown."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1680
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1687
-msgid ""
-"The MMAP events record the B<PROT_EXEC> mappings so that we can correlate "
-"user-space IPs to code. They have the following structure:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1698
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct {\n"
-" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
-" u32 pid, tid;\n"
-" u64 addr;\n"
-" u64 len;\n"
-" u64 pgoff;\n"
-" char filename[];\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1701 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1755 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2276
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<pid>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1704 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1758 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2279
-msgid "is the process ID."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1704 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1758 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2279
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<tid>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1707 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1761 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2282
-msgid "is the thread ID."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1707 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1891 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2282
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<addr>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1716
-msgid ""
-"is the address of the allocated memory. I<len> is the length of the "
-"allocated memory. I<pgoff> is the page offset of the allocated memory. "
-"I<filename> is a string describing the backing of the allocated memory."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1717
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1720
-msgid "This record indicates when events are lost."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1729
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct {\n"
-" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
-" u64 id;\n"
-" u64 lost;\n"
-" struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1735
-msgid "is the unique event ID for the samples that were lost."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1735
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<lost>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1738
-msgid "is the number of events that were lost."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1739
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1742
-msgid "This record indicates a change in the process name."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1752
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct {\n"
-" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
-" u32 pid;\n"
-" u32 tid;\n"
-" char comm[];\n"
-" struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1764
-msgid "is a string containing the new name of the process."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1765
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1768
-msgid "This record indicates a process exit event."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1778 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1808
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct {\n"
-" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
-" u32 pid, ppid;\n"
-" u32 tid, ptid;\n"
-" u64 time;\n"
-" struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1780
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1783
-msgid "This record indicates a throttle/unthrottle event."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1793
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct {\n"
-" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
-" u64 time;\n"
-" u64 id;\n"
-" u64 stream_id;\n"
-" struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1795
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1798
-msgid "This record indicates a fork event."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1810
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1813
-msgid "This record indicates a read event."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1822
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct {\n"
-" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
-" u32 pid, tid;\n"
-" struct read_format values;\n"
-" struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1824
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1827
-msgid "This record indicates a sample."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1859
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct {\n"
-" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
-" u64 sample_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER */\n"
-" u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
-" u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
-" u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
-" u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
-" u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
-" u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
-" u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
-" u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
-" struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
-" u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
-" u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
-" u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
-" char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
-" u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
-" struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
-" /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
-" u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
-" u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
-" /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
-" u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
-" char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
-" u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
-" u64 weight; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT */\n"
-" u64 data_src; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC */\n"
-" u64 transaction;/* if PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION */\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1861
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<sample_id>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1871
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
-"This is a duplication of the B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> I<id> value, but included at "
-"the beginning of the sample so parsers can easily obtain the value."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1871
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<ip>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1877
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> is enabled, then a 64-bit instruction pointer value is "
-"included."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1877
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<pid>, I<tid>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1883
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID> is enabled, then a 32-bit process ID and 32-bit thread "
-"ID are included."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1883
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<time>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1891
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME> is enabled, then a 64-bit timestamp is included. "
-"This is obtained via local_clock() which is a hardware timestamp if "
-"available and the jiffies value if not."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1898
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR> is enabled, then a 64-bit address is included. This "
-"is usually the address of a tracepoint, breakpoint, or software event; "
-"otherwise the value is 0."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1906
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. If the "
-"event is a member of an event group, the group leader ID is returned. This "
-"ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1906
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<stream_id>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1916
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
-"Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the actual ID is returned, not the group leader. "
-"This ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1916
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<cpu>, I<res>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1923
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU> is enabled, this is a 32-bit value indicating which "
-"CPU was being used, in addition to a reserved (unused) 32-bit value."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1923
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<period>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1929
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD> is enabled, a 64-bit value indicating the current "
-"sampling period is written."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1929
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<v>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1940
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ> is enabled, a structure of type read_format is "
-"included which has values for all events in the event group. The values "
-"included depend on the I<read_format> value used at B<perf_event_open>() "
-"time."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1940
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1948
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN> is enabled, then a 64-bit number is included "
-"which indicates how many following 64-bit instruction pointers will follow. "
-"This is the current callchain."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1948
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1955
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW> is enabled, then a 32-bit value indicating size is "
-"included followed by an array of 8-bit values of length size. The values "
-"are padded with 0 to have 64-bit alignment."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1960
-msgid ""
-"This RAW record data is opaque with respect to the ABI. The ABI doesn't "
-"make any promises with respect to the stability of its content, it may vary "
-"depending on event, hardware, and kernel version."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1960
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1969
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then a 64-bit value indicating "
-"the number of records is included, followed by I<bnr> I<perf_branch_entry> "
-"structures which each include the fields:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1970
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<from>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1973
-msgid "This indicates the source instruction (may not be a branch)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1973
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<to>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1976
-msgid "The branch target."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1976
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<mispred>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1979
-msgid "The branch target was mispredicted."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1979
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<predicted>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1982
-msgid "The branch target was predicted."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1982
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<in_tx> (since Linux 3.11)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 135c5612c460f89657c4698fe2ea753f6f667963
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1986
-msgid "The branch was in a transactional memory transaction."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1986
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<abort> (since Linux 3.11)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 135c5612c460f89657c4698fe2ea753f6f667963
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1990
-msgid "The branch was in an aborted transactional memory transaction."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1994
-msgid ""
-"The entries are from most to least recent, so the first entry has the most "
-"recent branch."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2001
-msgid ""
-"Support for I<mispred> and I<predicted> is optional; if not supported, both "
-"values will be 0."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2005
-msgid ""
-"The type of branches recorded is specified by the I<branch_sample_type> "
-"field."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2007
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2012
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> is enabled, then the user CPU registers are "
-"recorded."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2018
-msgid ""
-"The I<abi> field is one of B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_NONE>, "
-"B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_32> or B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_64>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2028
-msgid ""
-"The I<regs> field is an array of the CPU registers that were specified by "
-"the I<sample_regs_user> attr field. The number of values is the number of "
-"bits set in the I<sample_regs_user> bit mask."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2028
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2044
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is enabled, then the user stack is recorded. "
-"This can be used to generate stack backtraces. I<size> is the size "
-"requested by the user in I<sample_stack_user> or else the maximum record "
-"size. I<data> is the stack data (a raw dump of the memory pointed to by the "
-"stack pointer at the time of sampling). I<dyn_size> is the amount of data "
-"actually dumped (can be less than I<size>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2044
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<weight>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2052
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> is enabled, then a 64-bit value provided by the "
-"hardware is recorded that indicates how costly the event was. This allows "
-"expensive events to stand out more clearly in profiles."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2052
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<data_src>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2058
-msgid ""
-"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> is enabled, then a 64-bit value is recorded that "
-"is made up of the following fields:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2059
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<mem_op>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2062
-msgid "Type of opcode, a bitwise combination of:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2065
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_NA>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2068 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2093 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2144 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2168 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2184
-msgid "Not available"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2068
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_LOAD>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2071
-msgid "Load instruction"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2071
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_STORE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2074
-msgid "Store instruction"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2074
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_PFETCH>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2077
-msgid "Prefetch"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2077
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_EXEC>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2080
-msgid "Executable code"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2082
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<mem_lvl>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2087
-msgid ""
-"Memory hierarchy level hit or miss, a bitwise combination of the following, "
-"shifted left by B<PERF_MEM_LVL_SHIFT>:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2090
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_NA>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2093
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_HIT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2096 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2187
-msgid "Hit"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2096
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_MISS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2099 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2190
-msgid "Miss"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2099
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L1>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2102
-msgid "Level 1 cache"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2102
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LFB>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2105
-msgid "Line fill buffer"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2105
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L2>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2108
-msgid "Level 2 cache"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2108
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L3>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2111
-msgid "Level 3 cache"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2111
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LOC_RAM>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2114
-msgid "Local DRAM"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2114
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM1>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2117
-msgid "Remote DRAM 1 hop"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2117
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM2>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2120
-msgid "Remote DRAM 2 hops"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2120
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE1>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2123
-msgid "Remote cache 1 hop"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2123
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE2>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2126
-msgid "Remote cache 2 hops"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2126
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_IO>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2129
-msgid "I/O memory"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2129
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_UNC>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2132
-msgid "Uncached memory"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2134
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<mem_snoop>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2138
-msgid ""
-"Snoop mode, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left by "
-"B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_SHIFT>:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2141
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NA>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2144
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NONE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2147
-msgid "No snoop"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2147
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HIT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2150
-msgid "Snoop hit"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2150
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_MISS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2153
-msgid "Snoop miss"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2153
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HITM>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2156
-msgid "Snoop hit modified"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2158
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<mem_lock>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2162
-msgid ""
-"Lock instruction, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left by "
-"B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_SHIFT>:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2165
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_NA>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2168
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_LOCKED>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2171
-msgid "Locked transaction"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2173
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<mem_dtlb>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2178
-msgid ""
-"TLB access hit or miss, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left "
-"by B<PERF_MEM_TLB_SHIFT>:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2181
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_NA>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2184
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_HIT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2187
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_MISS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2190
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L1>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2193
-msgid "Level 1 TLB"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2193
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L2>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2196
-msgid "Level 2 TLB"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2196
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_WK>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2199
-msgid "Hardware walker"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2199
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_OS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2202
-msgid "OS fault handler"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2205
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<transaction>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2211
-msgid ""
-"If the B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> flag is set, then a 64-bit field is "
-"recorded describing the sources of any transactional memory aborts."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2213
-msgid "The field is a bitwise combination of the following values:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2214
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TXN_ELISION>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2217
-msgid "Abort from an elision type transaction (Intel-CPU-specific)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2217
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TXN_TRANSACTION>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2220
-msgid "Abort from a generic transaction."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2220
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TXN_SYNC>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2223
-msgid "Synchronous abort (related to the reported instruction)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2223
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TXN_ASYNC>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2226
-msgid "Asynchronous abort (not related to the reported instruction)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2226
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TXN_RETRY>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2229
-msgid "Retryable abort (retrying the transaction may have succeeded)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2229
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CONFLICT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2232
-msgid "Abort due to memory conflicts with other threads."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2232
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CAPACITY_WRITE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2235
-msgid "Abort due to write capacity overflow."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2235
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CAPACITY_READ>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2238
-msgid "Abort due to read capacity overflow."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2245
-msgid ""
-"In addition, a user-specified abort code can be obtained from the high 32 "
-"bits of the field by shifting right by B<PERF_TXN_ABORT_SHIFT> and masking "
-"with B<PERF_TXN_ABORT_MASK>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2246
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP2>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2255
-msgid ""
-"This record includes extended information on B<mmap>(2) calls returning "
-"executable mappings. The format is similar to that of the "
-"B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> record, but includes extra values that allow uniquely "
-"identifying shared mappings."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2274
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct {\n"
-" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
-" u32 pid;\n"
-" u32 tid;\n"
-" u64 addr;\n"
-" u64 len;\n"
-" u64 pgoff;\n"
-" u32 maj;\n"
-" u32 min;\n"
-" u64 ino;\n"
-" u64 ino_generation;\n"
-" u32 prot;\n"
-" u32 flags;\n"
-" char filename[];\n"
-" struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2285
-msgid "is the address of the allocated memory."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2285
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<len>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2288
-msgid "is the length of the allocated memory."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2288
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<pgoff>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2291
-msgid "is the page offset of the allocated memory."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2291
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<maj>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2294
-msgid "is the major ID of the underlying device."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2294
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<min>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2297
-msgid "is the minor ID of the underlying device."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2297
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<ino>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2300
-msgid "is the inode number."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2300
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<ino_generation>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2303
-msgid "is the inode generation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2303
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<prot>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2306
-msgid "is the protection information."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2306
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<flags>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2309
-msgid "is the flags information."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2309
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<filename>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2312
-msgid "is a string describing the backing of the allocated memory."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2314
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Overflow handling"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2327
-msgid ""
-"Events can be set to notify when a threshold is crossed, indicating an "
-"overflow. Overflow conditions can be captured by monitoring the event file "
-"descriptor with B<poll>(2), B<select>(2), or B<epoll>(2). Alternately, a "
-"SIGIO signal handler can be created and the event configured with "
-"B<fcntl>(2) to generate SIGIO signals."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2331
-msgid ""
-"Overflows are generated only by sampling events (I<sample_period> must have "
-"a nonzero value)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2333
-msgid "There are two ways to generate overflow notifications."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2343
-msgid ""
-"The first is to set a I<wakeup_events> or I<wakeup_watermark> value that "
-"will trigger if a certain number of samples or bytes have been written to "
-"the mmap ring buffer. In this case B<POLL_IN> is indicated."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2355
-msgid ""
-"The other way is by use of the B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH> ioctl. This ioctl "
-"adds to a counter that decrements each time the event overflows. When "
-"nonzero, B<POLL_IN> is indicated, but once the counter reaches 0 B<POLL_HUP> "
-"is indicated and the underlying event is disabled."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 179033b3e064d2cd3f5f9945e76b0a0f0fbf4883
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2361
-msgid ""
-"Starting with Linux 3.18, B<POLL_HUP> is indicated if the event being "
-"monitored is attached to a different process and that process exits."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2361
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "rdpmc instruction"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit c7206205d00ab375839bd6c7ddb247d600693c09
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2369
-msgid ""
-"Starting with Linux 3.4 on x86, you can use the I<rdpmc> instruction to get "
-"low-latency reads without having to enter the kernel. Note that using "
-"I<rdpmc> is not necessarily faster than other methods for reading event "
-"values."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2374
-msgid ""
-"Support for this can be detected with the I<cap_usr_rdpmc> field in the mmap "
-"page; documentation on how to calculate event values can be found in that "
-"section."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2374
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "perf_event ioctl calls"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2379
-msgid "Various ioctls act on B<perf_event_open>() file descriptors:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2379
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2383
-msgid ""
-"This enables the individual event or event group specified by the file "
-"descriptor argument."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2389
-msgid ""
-"If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
-"events in a group are enabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
-"leader (but see BUGS)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2389
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2393
-msgid ""
-"This disables the individual counter or event group specified by the file "
-"descriptor argument."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2400
-msgid ""
-"Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the entire "
-"group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the counters in "
-"the group will count. Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than "
-"the leader affects only that counter; disabling a non-leader stops that "
-"counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2406
-msgid ""
-"If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
-"events in a group are disabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
-"leader (but see BUGS)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2406
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2420
-msgid ""
-"Non-inherited overflow counters can use this to enable a counter for a "
-"number of overflows specified by the argument, after which it is disabled. "
-"Subsequent calls of this ioctl add the argument value to the current count. "
-"An overflow notification with B<POLL_IN> set will happen on each overflow "
-"until the count reaches 0; when that happens a notification with B<POLL_HUP> "
-"set is sent and the event is disabled. Using an argument of 0 is considered "
-"undefined behavior."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2420
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2430
-msgid ""
-"Reset the event count specified by the file descriptor argument to zero. "
-"This resets only the counts; there is no way to reset the multiplexing "
-"I<time_enabled> or I<time_running> values."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2436
-msgid ""
-"If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
-"events in a group are reset, even if the event specified is not the group "
-"leader (but see BUGS)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2436
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2439
-msgid "This updates the overflow period for the event."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 3581fe0ef37ce12ac7a4f74831168352ae848edc
-#. commit bad7192b842c83e580747ca57104dd51fe08c223
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2447
-msgid ""
-"Since Linux 3.7 (on ARM) and Linux 3.14 (all other architectures), the new "
-"period takes effect immediately. On older kernels, the new period did not "
-"take effect until after the next overflow."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2450
-msgid ""
-"The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit value containing the desired new "
-"period."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit ad0cf3478de8677f720ee06393b3147819568d6a
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2455
-msgid "Prior to Linux 2.6.36 this ioctl always failed due to a bug in the kernel."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2456
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2461
-msgid ""
-"This tells the kernel to report event notifications to the specified file "
-"descriptor rather than the default one. The file descriptors must all be on "
-"the same CPU."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2464
-msgid ""
-"The argument specifies the desired file descriptor, or -1 if output should "
-"be ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2464
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 6fb2915df7f0747d9044da9dbff5b46dc2e20830
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2468
-msgid "This adds an ftrace filter to this event."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2470
-msgid "The argument is a pointer to the desired ftrace filter."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2470
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID> (since Linux 3.12)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit cf4957f17f2a89984915ea808876d9c82225b862
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2474
-msgid "This returns the event ID value for the given event file descriptor."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2477
-msgid "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit unsigned integer to hold the result."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2477
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Using prctl"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2490
-msgid ""
-"A process can enable or disable all the event groups that are attached to it "
-"using the B<prctl>(2) B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE> and "
-"B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE> operations. This applies to all counters on "
-"the calling process, whether created by this process or by another, and does "
-"not affect any counters that this process has created on other processes. "
-"It enables or disables only the group leaders, not any other members in the "
-"groups."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2490
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "perf_event related configuration files"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2493
-msgid "Files in I</proc/sys/kernel/>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2494
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2500
-msgid ""
-"The I<perf_event_paranoid> file can be set to restrict access to the "
-"performance counters."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2501
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2503
-msgid "allow only user-space measurements."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2503
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "1"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2505
-msgid "allow both kernel and user measurements (default)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2505
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "0"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2507
-msgid "allow access to CPU-specific data but not raw tracepoint samples."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2507
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "-1"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2509
-msgid "no restrictions."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2515
-msgid ""
-"The existence of the I<perf_event_paranoid> file is the official method for "
-"determining if a kernel supports B<perf_event_open>()."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2515
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2524
-msgid ""
-"This sets the maximum sample rate. Setting this too high can allow users to "
-"sample at a rate that impacts overall machine performance and potentially "
-"lock up the machine. The default value is 100000 (samples per second)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2524
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2530
-msgid ""
-"Maximum number of pages an unprivileged user can B<mlock>(2). The default "
-"is 516 (kB)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2534
-msgid "Files in I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2540
-msgid ""
-"Since Linux 2.6.34, the kernel supports having multiple PMUs available for "
-"monitoring. Information on how to program these PMUs can be found under "
-"I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/>. Each subdirectory corresponds to a "
-"different PMU."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2540
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit abe43400579d5de0078c2d3a760e6598e183f871
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2548
-msgid ""
-"This contains an integer that can be used in the I<type> field of "
-"I<perf_event_attr> to indicate that you wish to use this PMU."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2548
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc> (since Linux 3.4)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 0c9d42ed4cee2aa1dfc3a260b741baae8615744f
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2554
-msgid ""
-"If this file is 1, then direct user-space access to the performance counter "
-"registers is allowed via the rdpmc instruction. This can be disabled by "
-"echoing 0 to the file."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2554
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/> (since Linux 3.4)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 641cc938815dfd09f8fa1ec72deb814f0938ac33
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2563
-msgid ""
-"This subdirectory contains information on the architecture-specific "
-"subfields available for programming the various I<config> fields in the "
-"I<perf_event_attr> struct."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2574
-msgid ""
-"The content of each file is the name of the config field, followed by a "
-"colon, followed by a series of integer bit ranges separated by commas. For "
-"example, the file I<event> may contain the value I<config1:1,6-10,44> which "
-"indicates that event is an attribute that occupies bits 1,6-10, and 44 of "
-"I<perf_event_attr::config1>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2574
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/> (since Linux 3.4)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 641cc938815dfd09f8fa1ec72deb814f0938ac33
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2584
-msgid ""
-"This subdirectory contains files with predefined events. The contents are "
-"strings describing the event settings expressed in terms of the fields found "
-"in the previously mentioned I<./format/> directory. These are not "
-"necessarily complete lists of all events supported by a PMU, but usually a "
-"subset of events deemed useful or interesting."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2592
-msgid ""
-"The content of each file is a list of attribute names separated by commas. "
-"Each entry has an optional value (either hex or decimal). If no value is "
-"specified, then it is assumed to be a single-bit field with a value of 1. "
-"An example entry may look like this: I<event=0x2,inv,ldlat=3>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2592
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2596
-msgid ""
-"This file is the standard kernel device interface for injecting hotplug "
-"events."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2596
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/cpumask> (since Linux 3.7)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 314d9f63f385096580e9e2a06eaa0745d92fe4ac
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2606
-msgid ""
-"The I<cpumask> file contains a comma-separated list of integers that "
-"indicate a representative CPU number for each socket (package) on the "
-"motherboard. This is needed when setting up uncore or northbridge events, "
-"as those PMUs present socket-wide events."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2613
-msgid ""
-"B<perf_event_open>() returns the new file descriptor, or -1 if an error "
-"occurred (in which case, I<errno> is set appropriately)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2618
-msgid ""
-"The errors returned by B<perf_event_open>() can be inconsistent, and may "
-"vary across processor architectures and performance monitoring units."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2618
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<E2BIG>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2635
-msgid ""
-"Returned if the I<perf_event_attr> I<size> value is too small (smaller than "
-"B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0>), too big (larger than the page size), or larger than "
-"the kernel supports and the extra bytes are not zero. When B<E2BIG> is "
-"returned, the I<perf_event_attr> I<size> field is overwritten by the kernel "
-"to be the size of the structure it was expecting."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2649
-msgid ""
-"Returned when the requested event requires B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> permissions (or "
-"a more permissive perf_event paranoid setting). Some common cases where an "
-"unprivileged process may encounter this error: attaching to a process owned "
-"by a different user; monitoring all processes on a given CPU (i.e., "
-"specifying the I<pid> argument as -1); and not setting I<exclude_kernel> "
-"when the paranoid setting requires it."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2659
-msgid ""
-"Returned if the I<group_fd> file descriptor is not valid, or, if "
-"B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> is set, the cgroup file descriptor in I<pid> is not "
-"valid."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2664
-msgid "Returned if the I<attr> pointer points at an invalid memory address."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2690
-msgid ""
-"Returned if the specified event is invalid. There are many possible reasons "
-"for this. A not-exhaustive list: I<sample_freq> is higher than the maximum "
-"setting; the I<cpu> to monitor does not exist; I<read_format> is out of "
-"range; I<sample_type> is out of range; the I<flags> value is out of range; "
-"I<exclusive> or I<pinned> set and the event is not a group leader; the event "
-"I<config> values are out of range or set reserved bits; the generic event "
-"selected is not supported; or there is not enough room to add the selected "
-"event."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2690
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EMFILE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2696
-msgid ""
-"Each opened event uses one file descriptor. If a large number of events are "
-"opened the per-user file descriptor limit (often 1024) will be hit and no "
-"more events can be created."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2700
-msgid "Returned when the event involves a feature not supported by the current CPU."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2700 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ENOENT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2707
-msgid ""
-"Returned if the I<type> setting is not valid. This error is also returned "
-"for some unsupported generic events."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2707
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ENOSPC>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit aa2bc1ade59003a379ffc485d6da2d92ea3370a6
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2718
-msgid ""
-"Prior to Linux 3.3, if there was not enough room for the event, B<ENOSPC> "
-"was returned. In Linux 3.3, this was changed to B<EINVAL>. B<ENOSPC> is "
-"still returned if you try to add more breakpoint events than supported by "
-"the hardware."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2725
-msgid ""
-"Returned if B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is set in I<sample_type> and it is not "
-"supported by hardware."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2732
-msgid ""
-"Returned if an event requiring a specific hardware feature is requested but "
-"there is no hardware support. This includes requesting low-skid events if "
-"not supported, branch tracing if it is not available, sampling if no PMU "
-"interrupt is available, and branch stacks for software events."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2737
-msgid ""
-"Returned on many (but not all) architectures when an unsupported "
-"I<exclude_hv>, I<exclude_idle>, I<exclude_user>, or I<exclude_kernel> "
-"setting is specified."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit a4e95fc2cbb31d70a65beffeaf8773f881328c34
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2746
-msgid ""
-"It can also happen, as with B<EACCES>, when the requested event requires "
-"B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> permissions (or a more permissive perf_event paranoid "
-"setting). This includes setting a breakpoint on a kernel address, and "
-"(since Linux 3.13) setting a kernel function-trace tracepoint."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2749
-msgid "Returned if attempting to attach to a process that does not exist."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2749
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "VERSION"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 0793a61d4df8daeac6492dbf8d2f3e5713caae5e
-#. commit cdd6c482c9ff9c55475ee7392ec8f672eddb7be6
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2756
-msgid ""
-"B<perf_event_open>() was introduced in Linux 2.6.31 but was called "
-"B<perf_counter_open>(). It was renamed in Linux 2.6.32."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2761
-msgid ""
-"This B<perf_event_open>() system call Linux- specific and should not be "
-"used in programs intended to be portable."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2765
-msgid ""
-"Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
-"B<syscall>(2). See the example below."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2771
-msgid ""
-"The official way of knowing if B<perf_event_open>() support is enabled is "
-"checking for the existence of the file "
-"I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2771 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2006
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "BUGS"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit ba0a6c9f6fceed11c6a99e8326f0477fe383e6b5
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2779
-msgid ""
-"The B<F_SETOWN_EX> option to B<fcntl>(2) is needed to properly get overflow "
-"signals in threads. This was introduced in Linux 2.6.32."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit b690081d4d3f6a23541493f1682835c3cd5c54a1
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2789
-msgid ""
-"Prior to Linux 2.6.33 (at least for x86), the kernel did not check if events "
-"could be scheduled together until read time. The same happens on all known "
-"kernels if the NMI watchdog is enabled. This means to see if a given set of "
-"events works you have to B<perf_event_open>(), start, then read before you "
-"know for sure you can get valid measurements."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. FIXME: cannot find a kernel commit for this one
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2794
-msgid ""
-"Prior to Linux 2.6.34, event constraints were not enforced by the kernel. "
-"In that case, some events would silently return \"0\" if the kernel "
-"scheduled them in an improper counter slot."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 45e16a6834b6af098702e5ea6c9a40de42ff77d8
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2798
-msgid ""
-"Prior to Linux 2.6.34, there was a bug when multiplexing where the wrong "
-"results could be returned."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 38b435b16c36b0d863efcf3f07b34a6fac9873fd
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2802
-msgid ""
-"Kernels from Linux 2.6.35 to Linux 2.6.39 can quickly crash the kernel if "
-"\"inherit\" is enabled and many threads are started."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 050735b08ca8a016bbace4445fa025b88fee770b
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2807
-msgid ""
-"Prior to Linux 2.6.35, B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> did not work with attached "
-"processes."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2812
-msgid ""
-"In older Linux 2.6 versions, refreshing an event group leader refreshed all "
-"siblings, and refreshing with a parameter of 0 enabled infinite refresh. "
-"This behavior is unsupported and should not be relied on."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 4ec8363dfc1451f8c8f86825731fe712798ada02
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2819
-msgid ""
-"There is a bug in the kernel code between Linux 2.6.36 and Linux 3.0 that "
-"ignores the \"watermark\" field and acts as if a wakeup_event was chosen if "
-"the union has a nonzero value in it."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 724b6daa13e100067c30cfc4d1ad06629609dc4e
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2826
-msgid ""
-"From Linux 2.6.31 to Linux 3.4, the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> ioctl argument "
-"was broken and would repeatedly operate on the event specified rather than "
-"iterating across all sibling events in a group."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit fa7315871046b9a4c48627905691dbde57e51033
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2838
-msgid ""
-"From Linux 3.4 to Linux 3.11, the mmap I<cap_usr_rdpmc> and I<cap_usr_time> "
-"bits mapped to the same location. Code should migrate to the new "
-"I<cap_user_rdpmc> and I<cap_user_time> fields instead."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit f287d332ce835f77a4f5077d2c0ef1e3f9ea42d2
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2844
-msgid ""
-"Always double-check your results! Various generalized events have had wrong "
-"values. For example, retired branches measured the wrong thing on AMD "
-"machines until Linux 2.6.35."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2844 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:311 build/C/man2/splice.2:237 build/C/man2/tee.2:136
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "EXAMPLE"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2848
-msgid ""
-"The following is a short example that measures the total instruction count "
-"of a call to B<printf>(3)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2857
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
-"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
-"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
-"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
-"#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
-"#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
-"#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2863
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"static long\n"
-"perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
-" int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
-"{\n"
-" int ret;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2868
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
-" group_fd, flags);\n"
-" return ret;\n"
-"}\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2875
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"int\n"
-"main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
-"{\n"
-" struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
-" long long count;\n"
-" int fd;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2883
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
-" pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
-" pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
-" pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
-" pe.disabled = 1;\n"
-" pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
-" pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2889
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
-" if (fd == -1) {\n"
-" fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
-" exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
-" }\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2892
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
-" ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2894
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2897
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
-" read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2899
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2902
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" close(fd);\n"
-"}\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2909
-msgid "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "PERFMONCTL"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2013-02-13"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
-msgid "perfmonctl - interface to IA-64 performance monitoring unit"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:34
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
-"B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:36
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int "
-">I<narg>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:47
-msgid ""
-"The IA-64-specific B<perfmonctl>() system call provides an interface to the "
-"PMU (performance monitoring unit). The PMU consists of PMD (performance "
-"monitoring data) registers and PMC (performance monitoring control) "
-"registers, which gather hardware statistics."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:57
-msgid ""
-"B<perfmonctl>() applies the operation I<cmd> to the input arguments "
-"specified by I<arg>. The number of arguments is defined by I<narg>. The "
-"I<fd> argument specifies the perfmon context to operate on."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
-msgid "Supported values for I<cmd> are:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:65
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT, pfarg_context_t *>I<ctxt>B<, "
-"1);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:67
-msgid "Set up a context."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:74
-msgid ""
-"The I<fd> parameter is ignored. A new perfmon context is created as "
-"specified in I<ctxt> and its file descriptor is returned in "
-"I<ctxt-E<gt>ctx_fd>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:86
-msgid ""
-"The file descriptor can be used in subsequent calls to B<perfmonctl>() and "
-"can be used to read event notifications (type I<pfm_msg_t>) using "
-"B<read>(2). The file descriptor is pollable using B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), "
-"and B<epoll>(7)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
-msgid "The context can be destroyed by calling B<close>(2) on the file descriptor."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:95
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
-msgid "Set PMC registers."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:101
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. pfm_write_pmds()
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
-msgid "Set PMD registers."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:109
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
-msgid "Read PMD registers."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_START>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_START, arg, 1);
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:117
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
-msgid "Start monitoring."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_STOP>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:124
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
-msgid "Stop monitoring."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:131
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, "
-"1);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
-msgid "Attach the context to a thread."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:138
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
-msgid "Detach the context from a thread."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_RESTART>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:145
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
-msgid "Restart monitoring after receiving an overflow notification."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:152
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, "
-"1);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:153
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:158
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
-msgid "If I<val> is nonzero, enable debugging mode, otherwise disable."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:167
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, "
-"n);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#
-#
-#. .TP
-#. .B PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS
-#
-#. create or modify event sets
-#. .nf
-#. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
-#. .fi
-#. .TP
-#. .B PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS
-#. delete event sets
-#. .nf
-#. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_DELETE_EVTSET, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
-#. .fi
-#. .TP
-#. .B PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS
-#. get information about event sets
-#. .nf
-#. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS, pfarg_setinfo_t *info, n);
-#. .fi
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190
-msgid "Reset PMC registers to default values."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
-msgid ""
-"B<perfmonctl>() returns zero when the operation is successful. On error, "
-"-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the cause of the error."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199
-msgid "B<perfmonctl>() is available since Linux 2.4."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202
-msgid ""
-"B<perfmonctl>() is Linux-specific and is available only on the IA-64 "
-"architecture."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:207
-msgid "B<gprof>(1)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
-msgid "The perfmon2 interface specification"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "PERSONALITY"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:35
-msgid "personality - set the process execution domain"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:37
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:39
-msgid "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:47
-msgid ""
-"Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each "
-"process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal "
-"numbers into signal actions. The execution domain system allows Linux to "
-"provide limited support for binaries compiled under other UNIX-like "
-"operating systems."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:59
-msgid ""
-"If I<persona> is not 0xffffffff, then B<personality>() sets the caller's "
-"execution domain to the value specified by I<persona>. Specifying "
-"I<persona> as 0xffffffff provides a way of retrieving the current persona "
-"without changing it."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:62
-msgid ""
-"A list of the available execution domains can be found in "
-"I<E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:69
-msgid ""
-"On success, the previous I<persona> is returned. On error, -1 is returned, "
-"and I<errno> is set appropriately."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:73
-msgid "The kernel was unable to change the personality."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:77
-msgid ""
-"B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
-"intended to be portable."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:79
-msgid "B<setarch>(8)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "PIVOT_ROOT"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
-msgid "pivot_root - change the root filesystem"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:15
-msgid "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#
-#. The
-#. .B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
-#. capability is required.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:27
-msgid ""
-"B<pivot_root>() moves the root filesystem of the calling process to the "
-"directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root filesystem of the "
-"calling process."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:34
-msgid ""
-"The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
-"system mounts a temporary root filesystem (e.g., an B<initrd>), then mounts "
-"the real root filesystem, and eventually turns the latter into the current "
-"root of all relevant processes or threads."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:46
-msgid ""
-"B<pivot_root>() may or may not change the current root and the current "
-"working directory of any processes or threads which use the old root "
-"directory. The caller of B<pivot_root>() must ensure that processes with "
-"root or current working directory at the old root operate correctly in "
-"either case. An easy way to ensure this is to change their root and current "
-"working directory to I<new_root> before invoking B<pivot_root>()."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:64
-msgid ""
-"The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
-"B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
-"B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each process "
-"or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root directory. This is "
-"necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from keeping the old root "
-"directory busy with their root and current working directory, even if they "
-"never access the filesystem in any way. In the future, there may be a "
-"mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly relinquish any access to the "
-"filesystem, such that this fairly intrusive mechanism can be removed from "
-"B<pivot_root>()."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:72
-msgid ""
-"Note that this also applies to the calling process: B<pivot_root>() may or "
-"may not affect its current working directory. It is therefore recommended "
-"to call B<chdir(\"/\")> immediately after B<pivot_root>()."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74
-msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
-msgid "They must be directories."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79
-msgid ""
-"I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same filesystem as the current "
-"root."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
-msgid ""
-"I<put_old> must be underneath I<new_root>, that is, adding a nonzero number "
-"of I</..> to the string pointed to by I<put_old> must yield the same "
-"directory as I<new_root>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:85
-msgid "No other filesystem may be mounted on I<put_old>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:89
-msgid "See also B<pivot_root>(8) for additional usage examples."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:96
-msgid ""
-"If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
-"B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the mount "
-"point of that filesystem is mounted on I<put_old>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101
-msgid ""
-"I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, "
-"I</proc/mounts> will show the mount point of the filesystem containing "
-"I<new_root> as root (I</>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
-msgid ""
-"B<pivot_root>() may return (in I<errno>) any of the errors returned by "
-"B<stat>(2). Additionally, it may return:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
-msgid ""
-"I<new_root> or I<put_old> are on the current root filesystem, or a "
-"filesystem is already mounted on I<put_old>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
-msgid "I<put_old> is not underneath I<new_root>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ENOTDIR>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
-msgid "I<new_root> or I<put_old> is not a directory."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
-msgid "The calling process does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128
-msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
-msgid "B<pivot_root>() is Linux-specific and hence is not portable."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:138
-msgid ""
-"B<pivot_root>() should not have to change root and current working "
-"directory of all other processes in the system."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
-msgid ""
-"Some of the more obscure uses of B<pivot_root>() may quickly lead to "
-"insanity."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
-msgid "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "PROCESS_VM_READV"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2014-08-19"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32
-msgid ""
-"process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - transfer data between process address "
-"spaces"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:35
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:42
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
-"B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
-"B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:49
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
-"B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
-"B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:54
-msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:58
-msgid "B<process_vm_readv>(), B<process_vm_writev>():"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:62
-msgid "B<_GNU_SOURCE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:73
-msgid ""
-"These system calls transfer data between the address space of the calling "
-"process (\"the local process\") and the process identified by I<pid> (\"the "
-"remote process\"). The data moves directly between the address spaces of "
-"the two processes, without passing through kernel space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:98
-msgid ""
-"The B<process_vm_readv>() system call transfers data from the remote "
-"process to the local process. The data to be transferred is identified by "
-"I<remote_iov> and I<riovcnt>: I<remote_iov> is a pointer to an array "
-"describing address ranges in the process I<pid>, and I<riovcnt> specifies "
-"the number of elements in I<remote_iov>. The data is transferred to the "
-"locations specified by I<local_iov> and I<liovcnt>: I<local_iov> is a "
-"pointer to an array describing address ranges in the calling process, and "
-"I<liovcnt> specifies the number of elements in I<local_iov>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:112
-msgid ""
-"The B<process_vm_writev>() system call is the converse of "
-"B<process_vm_readv>()\\(emit transfers data from the local process to the "
-"remote process. Other than the direction of the transfer, the arguments "
-"I<liovcnt>, I<local_iov>, I<riovcnt>, and I<remote_iov> have the same "
-"meaning as for B<process_vm_readv>()."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:122
-msgid ""
-"The I<local_iov> and I<remote_iov> arguments point to an array of I<iovec> "
-"structures, defined in I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> as:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:129
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct iovec {\n"
-" void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
-" size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:145
-msgid ""
-"Buffers are processed in array order. This means that B<process_vm_readv>() "
-"completely fills I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and "
-"so on. Likewise, I<remote_iov[0]> is completely read before proceeding to "
-"I<remote_iov[1]>, and so on."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:156
-msgid ""
-"Similarly, B<process_vm_writev>() writes out the entire contents of "
-"I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and it completely "
-"fills I<remote_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:164
-msgid ""
-"The lengths of I<remote_iov[i].iov_len> and I<local_iov[i].iov_len> do not "
-"have to be the same. Thus, it is possible to split a single local buffer "
-"into multiple remote buffers, or vice versa."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:168
-msgid "The I<flags> argument is currently unused and must be set to 0."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. In time, glibc might provide a wrapper that works around this limit,
-#. as is done for readv()/writev()
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:181
-msgid ""
-"The values specified in the I<liovcnt> and I<riovcnt> arguments must be less "
-"than or equal to B<IOV_MAX> (defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> or accessible "
-"via the call I<sysconf(_SC_IOV_MAX)>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:191
-msgid ""
-"The count arguments and I<local_iov> are checked before doing any "
-"transfers. If the counts are too big, or I<local_iov> is invalid, or the "
-"addresses refer to regions that are inaccessible to the local process, none "
-"of the vectors will be processed and an error will be returned immediately."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:211
-msgid ""
-"Note, however, that these system calls do not check the memory regions in "
-"the remote process until just before doing the read/write. Consequently, a "
-"partial read/write (see RETURN VALUE) may result if one of the "
-"I<remote_iov> elements points to an invalid memory region in the remote "
-"process. No further reads/writes will be attempted beyond that point. Keep "
-"this in mind when attempting to read data of unknown length (such as C "
-"strings that are null-terminated) from a remote process, by avoiding "
-"spanning memory pages (typically 4KiB) in a single remote I<iovec> element. "
-"(Instead, split the remote read into two I<remote_iov> elements and have "
-"them merge back into a single write I<local_iov> entry. The first read "
-"entry goes up to the page boundary, while the second starts on the next page "
-"boundary.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
-msgid ""
-"In order to read from or write to another process, either the caller must "
-"have the capability B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>, or the real user ID, effective user "
-"ID, and saved set-user-ID of the remote process must match the real user ID "
-"of the caller I<and> the real group ID, effective group ID, and saved "
-"set-group-ID of the remote process must match the real group ID of the "
-"caller. (The permission required is exactly the same as that required to "
-"perform a B<ptrace>(2) B<PTRACE_ATTACH> on the remote process.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
-msgid ""
-"On success, B<process_vm_readv>() returns the number of bytes read and "
-"B<process_vm_writev>() returns the number of bytes written. This return "
-"value may be less than the total number of requested bytes, if a partial "
-"read/write occurred. (Partial transfers apply at the granularity of "
-"I<iovec> elements. These system calls won't perform a partial transfer that "
-"splits a single I<iovec> element.) The caller should check the return value "
-"to determine whether a partial read/write occurred."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
-msgid "On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set appropriately."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:257
-msgid ""
-"The sum of the I<iov_len> values of either I<local_iov> or I<remote_iov> "
-"overflows a I<ssize_t> value."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:261
-msgid "I<flags> is not 0."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267
-msgid "I<liovcnt> or I<riovcnt> is too large."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:272
-msgid ""
-"The memory described by I<local_iov> is outside the caller's accessible "
-"address space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:278
-msgid ""
-"The memory described by I<remote_iov> is outside the accessible address "
-"space of the process I<pid>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:283
-msgid "Could not allocate memory for internal copies of the I<iovec> structures."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287
-msgid ""
-"The caller does not have permission to access the address space of the "
-"process I<pid>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:292
-msgid "No process with ID I<pid> exists."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
-msgid ""
-"These system calls were added in Linux 3.2. Support is provided in glibc "
-"since version 2.15."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:297
-msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:303
-msgid ""
-"The data transfers performed by B<process_vm_readv>() and "
-"B<process_vm_writev>() are not guaranteed to be atomic in any way."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. Original user is MPI, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpi/
-#. See also some benchmarks at http://lwn.net/Articles/405284/
-#. and http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=130105930902915&w=2
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:311
-msgid ""
-"These system calls were designed to permit fast message passing by allowing "
-"messages to be exchanged with a single copy operation (rather than the "
-"double copy that would be required when using, for example, shared memory or "
-"pipes)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:319
-msgid ""
-"The following code sample demonstrates the use of B<process_vm_readv>(). It "
-"reads 20 bytes at the address 0x10000 from the process with PID 10 and "
-"writes the first 10 bytes into I<buf1> and the second 10 bytes into I<buf2>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:322
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:332
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"int\n"
-"main(void)\n"
-"{\n"
-" struct iovec local[2];\n"
-" struct iovec remote[1];\n"
-" char buf1[10];\n"
-" char buf2[10];\n"
-" ssize_t nread;\n"
-" pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:339
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
-" local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
-" local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
-" local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
-" remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
-" remote[0].iov_len = 20;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:346
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
-" if (nread != 20)\n"
-" return 1;\n"
-" else\n"
-" return 0;\n"
-"}\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:350
-msgid "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "PTRACE"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49
-msgid "ptrace - process trace"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:52
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:55
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
-"B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:64
-msgid ""
-"The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which one process (the "
-"\"tracer\") may observe and control the execution of another process (the "
-"\"tracee\"), and examine and change the tracee's memory and registers. It "
-"is primarily used to implement breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:75
-msgid ""
-"A tracee first needs to be attached to the tracer. Attachment and "
-"subsequent commands are per thread: in a multithreaded process, every thread "
-"can be individually attached to a (potentially different) tracer, or left "
-"not attached and thus not debugged. Therefore, \"tracee\" always means "
-"\"(one) thread\", never \"a (possibly multithreaded) process\". Ptrace "
-"commands are always sent to a specific tracee using a call of the form"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:77
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:81
-msgid "where I<pid> is the thread ID of the corresponding Linux thread."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:87
-msgid ""
-"(Note that in this page, a \"multithreaded process\" means a thread group "
-"consisting of threads created using the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_THREAD> flag.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:98
-msgid ""
-"A process can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
-"resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an "
-"B<execve>(2). Alternatively, one process may commence tracing another "
-"process using B<PTRACE_ATTACH> or B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:115
-msgid ""
-"While being traced, the tracee will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
-"even if the signal is being ignored. (An exception is B<SIGKILL>, which has "
-"its usual effect.) The tracer will be notified at its next call to "
-"B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the related \"wait\" system calls); that call will "
-"return a I<status> value containing information that indicates the cause of "
-"the stop in the tracee. While the tracee is stopped, the tracer can use "
-"various ptrace requests to inspect and modify the tracee. The tracer then "
-"causes the tracee to continue, optionally ignoring the delivered signal (or "
-"even delivering a different signal instead)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:125
-msgid ""
-"If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is not in effect, all successful calls "
-"to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause it to be sent a B<SIGTRAP> "
-"signal, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program "
-"begins execution."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:129
-msgid ""
-"When the tracer is finished tracing, it can cause the tracee to continue "
-"executing in a normal, untraced mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:133
-msgid "The value of I<request> determines the action to be performed:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:133
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:143
-msgid ""
-"Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. A process "
-"probably shouldn't make this request if its parent isn't expecting to trace "
-"it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:158
-msgid ""
-"The B<PTRACE_TRACEME> request is used only by the tracee; the remaining "
-"requests are used only by the tracer. In the following requests, I<pid> "
-"specifies the thread ID of the tracee to be acted on. For requests other "
-"than B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and "
-"B<PTRACE_KILL>, the tracee must be stopped."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:158
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:169
-msgid ""
-"Read a word at the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory, returning the "
-"word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have separate "
-"text and data address spaces, so these two requests are currently "
-"equivalent. (I<data> is ignored; but see NOTES.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:169
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. PTRACE_PEEKUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
-#. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:187
-msgid ""
-"Read a word at offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area, which holds the "
-"registers and other information about the process (see "
-"I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the "
-"B<ptrace>() call. Typically, the offset must be word-aligned, though this "
-"might vary by architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored; but see "
-"NOTES.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:187
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:199
-msgid ""
-"Copy the word I<data> to the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory. As for "
-"B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT> and B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, these two requests are currently "
-"equivalent."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:199
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. PTRACE_POKEUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_POKEUSER,
-#. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
-#. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
-#. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:215
-msgid ""
-"Copy the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area. As for "
-"B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to "
-"maintain the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area "
-"are disallowed."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:215
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:238
-msgid ""
-"Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
-"to the address I<data> in the tracer. See I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> for "
-"information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that "
-"SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, "
-"I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied to the address I<addr>. "
-"B<PTRACE_GETREGS> and B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS> are not present on all "
-"architectures."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:238
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:259
-msgid ""
-"Read the tracee's registers. I<addr> specifies, in an "
-"architecture-dependent way, the type of registers to be read. "
-"B<NT_PRSTATUS> (with numerical value 1) usually results in reading of "
-"general-purpose registers. If the CPU has, for example, floating-point "
-"and/or vector registers, they can be retrieved by setting I<addr> to the "
-"corresponding B<NT_foo> constant. I<data> points to a B<struct iovec>, "
-"which describes the destination buffer's location and length. On return, "
-"the kernel modifies B<iov.len> to indicate the actual number of bytes "
-"returned."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:259
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. FIXME . In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
-#. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:284
-msgid ""
-"Modify the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, "
-"respectively, from the address I<data> in the tracer. As for "
-"B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general-purpose register modifications may be "
-"disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that SPARC systems have the meaning "
-"of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, I<data> is ignored and the "
-"registers are copied from the address I<addr>. B<PTRACE_SETREGS> and "
-"B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS> are not present on all architectures."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:284
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:293
-msgid ""
-"Modify the tracee's registers. The meaning of I<addr> and I<data> is "
-"analogous to B<PTRACE_GETREGSET>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:293
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:305
-msgid ""
-"Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copy a "
-"I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the tracee to the address "
-"I<data> in the tracer. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:305
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:321
-msgid ""
-"Set signal information: copy a I<siginfo_t> structure from the address "
-"I<data> in the tracer to the tracee. This will affect only signals that "
-"would normally be delivered to the tracee and were caught by the tracer. It "
-"may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
-"generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:321
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO> (since Linux 3.10)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 84c751bd4aebbaae995fe32279d3dba48327bad4
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:347
-msgid ""
-"Retrieve I<siginfo_t> structures without removing signals from a queue. "
-"I<addr> points to a I<ptrace_peeksiginfo_args> structure that specifies the "
-"ordinal position from which copying of signals should start, and the number "
-"of signals to copy. I<siginfo_t> structures are copied into the buffer "
-"pointed to by I<data>. The return value contains the number of copied "
-"signals (zero indicates that there is no signal corresponding to the "
-"specified ordinal position). Within the returned I<siginfo> structures, the "
-"I<si_code> field includes information (B<__SI_CHLD>, B<__SI_FAULT>, etc.) "
-"that are not otherwise exposed to user space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:356
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct ptrace_peeksiginfo_args {\n"
-" u64 off; /* Ordinal position in queue at which\n"
-" to start copying signals */\n"
-" u32 flags; /* PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO_SHARED or 0 */\n"
-" s32 nr; /* Number of signals to copy */\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:363
-msgid ""
-"Currently, there is only one flag, B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO_SHARED>, for dumping "
-"signals from the process-wide signal queue. If this flag is not set, "
-"signals are read from the per-thread queue of the specified thread."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:365
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGMASK> (since Linux 3.11)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 29000caecbe87b6b66f144f72111f0d02fbbf0c1
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:380
-msgid ""
-"Place a copy of the mask of blocked signals (see B<sigprocmask>(2)) in the "
-"buffer pointed to by I<data>, which should be a pointer to a buffer of type "
-"I<sigset_t>. The I<addr> argument contains the size of the buffer pointed "
-"to by I<data> (i.e., I<sizeof(sigset_t)>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:380
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGMASK> (since Linux 3.11)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:394
-msgid ""
-"Change the mask of blocked signals (see B<sigprocmask>(2)) to the value "
-"specified in the buffer pointed to by I<data>, which should be a pointer to "
-"a buffer of type I<sigset_t>. The I<addr> argument contains the size of the "
-"buffer pointed to by I<data> (i.e., I<sizeof(sigset_t)>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:394
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:403
-msgid ""
-"Set ptrace options from I<data>. (I<addr> is ignored.) I<data> is "
-"interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by the following "
-"flags:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:404
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. commit 992fb6e170639b0849bace8e49bf31bd37c4123
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:412
-msgid ""
-"If a tracer sets this flag, a B<SIGKILL> signal will be sent to every tracee "
-"if the tracer exits. This option is useful for ptrace jailers that want to "
-"ensure that tracees can never escape the tracer's control."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:412
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:429
-msgid ""
-"Stop the tracee at the next B<clone>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
-"newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
-"tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:432
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:436 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:522 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:555
-msgid "The PID of the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:457
-msgid ""
-"This option may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the tracee "
-"calls B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will "
-"be delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
-"tracee calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:457
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:466
-msgid ""
-"Stop the tracee at the next B<execve>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer "
-"will return a I<status> value such that"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:469
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:475
-msgid ""
-"If the execing thread is not a thread group leader, the thread ID is reset "
-"to thread group leader's ID before this stop. Since Linux 3.0, the former "
-"thread ID can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:475
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:483
-msgid ""
-"Stop the tracee at exit. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a "
-"I<status> value such that"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:486
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:490
-msgid "The tracee's exit status can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:498
-msgid ""
-"The tracee is stopped early during process exit, when registers are still "
-"available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred, whereas the "
-"normal exit notification is done after the process is finished exiting. "
-"Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from "
-"happening at this point."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:498
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:515
-msgid ""
-"Stop the tracee at the next B<fork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
-"newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
-"tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:518
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:522
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (since Linux 2.4.6)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:531
-msgid ""
-"When delivering system call traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
-"deliver I<SIGTRAP|0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to distinguish "
-"normal traps from those caused by a system call. (B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
-"may not work on all architectures.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:531
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:548
-msgid ""
-"Stop the tracee at the next B<vfork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
-"newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
-"tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:551
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:555
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:564
-msgid ""
-"Stop the tracee at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) "
-"by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:567
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:571
-msgid ""
-"The PID of the new process can (since Linux 2.6.18) be retrieved with "
-"B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:571
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP> (since Linux 3.5)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:582
-msgid ""
-"Stop the tracee when a B<seccomp>(2) B<SECCOMP_RET_TRACE> rule is "
-"triggered. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a I<status> value "
-"such that"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:585
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMPE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:595
-msgid ""
-"While this triggers a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, it is similar to a "
-"syscall-enter-stop, in that the tracee has not yet entered the syscall that "
-"seccomp triggered on. The seccomp event message data (from the "
-"B<SECCOMP_RET_DATA> portion of the seccomp filter rule) can be retrieved "
-"with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:596
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:623
-msgid ""
-"Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
-"just happened, placing it at the address I<data> in the tracer. For "
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>, this is the tracee's exit status. For "
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>, and "
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>, this is the PID of the new process. For "
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP>, this is the B<seccomp>(2) filter's "
-"B<SECCOMP_RET_DATA> associated with the triggered rule. (I<addr> is "
-"ignored.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:623
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:635
-msgid ""
-"Restart the stopped tracee process. If I<data> is nonzero, it is "
-"interpreted as the number of a signal to be delivered to the tracee; "
-"otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the tracer can "
-"control whether a signal sent to the tracee is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
-"is ignored.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:635
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:659
-msgid ""
-"Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arrange for the tracee "
-"to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or after "
-"execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The tracee will also, as "
-"usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the tracer's perspective, "
-"the tracee will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a B<SIGTRAP>. So, "
-"for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to inspect the arguments to "
-"the system call at the first stop, then do another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and "
-"inspect the return value of the system call at the second stop. The I<data> "
-"argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:659
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. As at 3.7
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:680
-msgid ""
-"For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next system call, "
-"which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
-"but also singlestep if not a system call. This call is used by programs "
-"like User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the tracee's system calls. "
-"The I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. The I<addr> argument "
-"is ignored. These requests are currently supported only on x86."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:680
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:691
-msgid ""
-"Restart the stopped tracee, but prevent it from executing. The resulting "
-"state of the tracee is similar to a process which has been stopped by a "
-"B<SIGSTOP> (or other stopping signal). See the \"group-stop\" subsection "
-"for additional information. B<PTRACE_LISTEN> works only on tracees attached "
-"by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:691
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:700
-msgid ""
-"Send the tracee a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
-"ignored.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. [Note from Denys Vlasenko:
-#. deprecation suggested by Oleg Nesterov. He prefers to deprecate it
-#. instead of describing (and needing to support) PTRACE_KILL's quirks.]
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:719
-msgid ""
-"I<This operation is deprecated; do not use it!> Instead, send a B<SIGKILL> "
-"directly using B<kill>(2) or B<tgkill>(2). The problem with B<PTRACE_KILL> "
-"is that it requires the tracee to be in signal-delivery-stop, otherwise it "
-"may not work (i.e., may complete successfully but won't kill the tracee). "
-"By contrast, sending a B<SIGKILL> directly has no such limitation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:719
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:747
-msgid ""
-"Stop a tracee. If the tracee is running or sleeping in kernel space and "
-"B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> is in effect, the system call is interrupted and "
-"syscall-exit-stop is reported. (The interrupted system call is restarted "
-"when the tracee is restarted.) If the tracee was already stopped by a "
-"signal and B<PTRACE_LISTEN> was sent to it, the tracee stops with "
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns the stop signal. If "
-"any other ptrace-stop is generated at the same time (for example, if a "
-"signal is sent to the tracee), this ptrace-stop happens. If none of the "
-"above applies (for example, if the tracee is running in user space), it "
-"stops with B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> with I<WSTOPSIG(status)> == B<SIGTRAP>. "
-"B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> only works on tracees attached by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:747
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. No longer true (removed by Denys Vlasenko, 2011, who remarks:
-#. "I think it isn't true in non-ancient 2.4 and in 2.6/3.x.
-#. Basically, it's not true for any Linux in practical use.
-#. ; the behavior of the tracee is as if it had done a
-#. .BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
-#. The calling process actually becomes the parent of the tracee
-#. process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive
-#. notification of tracee events and appears in
-#. .BR ps (1)
-#. output as the tracee's parent), but a
-#. .BR getppid (2)
-#. by the tracee will still return the PID of the original parent.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:775
-msgid ""
-"Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
-"process. The tracee is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not necessarily have "
-"stopped by the completion of this call; use B<waitpid>(2) to wait for the "
-"tracee to stop. See the \"Attaching and detaching\" subsection for "
-"additional information. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:775
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:795
-msgid ""
-"Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
-"process. Unlike B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the "
-"process. Only a B<PTRACE_SEIZE>d process can accept B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
-"B<PTRACE_LISTEN> commands. I<addr> must be zero. I<data> contains a bit "
-"mask of ptrace options to activate immediately."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:795
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:804
-msgid ""
-"Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detach from it. "
-"Under Linux, a tracee can be detached in this way regardless of which method "
-"was used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:804
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Death under ptrace"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:813
-msgid ""
-"When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a killing signal (one whose "
-"disposition is set to B<SIG_DFL> and whose default action is to kill the "
-"process), all threads exit. Tracees report their death to their tracer(s). "
-"Notification of this event is delivered via B<waitpid>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:822
-msgid ""
-"Note that the killing signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
-"tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
-"dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will death from the signal "
-"happen on I<all> tracees within a multithreaded process. (The term "
-"\"signal-delivery-stop\" is explained below.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:834
-msgid ""
-"B<SIGKILL> does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore the tracer "
-"can't suppress it. B<SIGKILL> kills even within system calls "
-"(syscall-exit-stop is not generated prior to death by B<SIGKILL>). The net "
-"effect is that B<SIGKILL> always kills the process (all its threads), even "
-"if some threads of the process are ptraced."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:839
-msgid ""
-"When the tracee calls B<_exit>(2), it reports its death to its tracer. "
-"Other threads are not affected."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:843
-msgid ""
-"When any thread executes B<exit_group>(2), every tracee in its thread group "
-"reports its death to its tracer."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:857
-msgid ""
-"If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option is on, B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> will happen "
-"before actual death. This applies to exits via B<exit>(2), "
-"B<exit_group>(2), and signal deaths (except B<SIGKILL>), and when threads "
-"are torn down on B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:882
-msgid ""
-"The tracer cannot assume that the ptrace-stopped tracee exists. There are "
-"many scenarios when the tracee may die while stopped (such as B<SIGKILL>). "
-"Therefore, the tracer must be prepared to handle an B<ESRCH> error on any "
-"ptrace operation. Unfortunately, the same error is returned if the tracee "
-"exists but is not ptrace-stopped (for commands which require a stopped "
-"tracee), or if it is not traced by the process which issued the ptrace "
-"call. The tracer needs to keep track of the stopped/running state of the "
-"tracee, and interpret B<ESRCH> as \"tracee died unexpectedly\" only if it "
-"knows that the tracee has been observed to enter ptrace-stop. Note that "
-"there is no guarantee that I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> will reliably report the "
-"tracee's death status if a ptrace operation returned B<ESRCH>. "
-"I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> may return 0 instead. In other words, the tracee may be "
-"\"not yet fully dead\", but already refusing ptrace requests."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:896
-msgid ""
-"The tracer can't assume that the tracee I<always> ends its life by reporting "
-"I<WIFEXITED(status)> or I<WIFSIGNALED(status)>; there are cases where this "
-"does not occur. For example, if a thread other than thread group leader "
-"does an B<execve>(2), it disappears; its PID will never be seen again, and "
-"any subsequent ptrace stops will be reported under the thread group leader's "
-"PID."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:896
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Stopped states"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:918
-msgid ""
-"A tracee can be in two states: running or stopped. For the purposes of "
-"ptrace, a tracee which is blocked in a system call (such as B<read>(2), "
-"B<pause>(2), etc.) is nevertheless considered to be running, even if the "
-"tracee is blocked for a long time. The state of the tracee after "
-"B<PTRACE_LISTEN> is somewhat of a gray area: it is not in any ptrace-stop "
-"(ptrace commands won't work on it, and it will deliver B<waitpid>(2) "
-"notifications), but it also may be considered \"stopped\" because it is not "
-"executing instructions (is not scheduled), and if it was in group-stop "
-"before B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, it will not respond to signals until B<SIGCONT> is "
-"received."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:922
-msgid ""
-"There are many kinds of states when the tracee is stopped, and in ptrace "
-"discussions they are often conflated. Therefore, it is important to use "
-"precise terms."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:933
-msgid ""
-"In this manual page, any stopped state in which the tracee is ready to "
-"accept ptrace commands from the tracer is called I<ptrace-stop>. "
-"Ptrace-stops can be further subdivided into I<signal-delivery-stop>, "
-"I<group-stop>, I<syscall-stop>, and so on. These stopped states are "
-"described in detail below."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:938
-msgid ""
-"When the running tracee enters ptrace-stop, it notifies its tracer using "
-"B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the other \"wait\" system calls). Most of this "
-"manual page assumes that the tracer waits with:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:940
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " pid = waitpid(pid_or_minus_1, &status, __WALL);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. Denys Vlasenko:
-#. Do we require __WALL usage, or will just using 0 be ok? (With 0,
-#. I am not 100% sure there aren't ugly corner cases.) Are the
-#. rules different if user wants to use waitid? Will waitid require
-#. WEXITED?
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:952
-msgid ""
-"Ptrace-stopped tracees are reported as returns with I<pid> greater than 0 "
-"and I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:960
-msgid ""
-"The B<__WALL> flag does not include the B<WSTOPPED> and B<WEXITED> flags, "
-"but implies their functionality."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:967
-msgid ""
-"Setting the B<WCONTINUED> flag when calling B<waitpid>(2) is not "
-"recommended: the \"continued\" state is per-process and consuming it can "
-"confuse the real parent of the tracee."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:975
-msgid ""
-"Use of the B<WNOHANG> flag may cause B<waitpid>(2) to return 0 (\"no wait "
-"results available yet\") even if the tracer knows there should be a "
-"notification. Example:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:984
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" errno = 0;\n"
-" ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0L, 0L);\n"
-" if (errno == ESRCH) {\n"
-" /* tracee is dead */\n"
-" r = waitpid(tracee, &status, __WALL | WNOHANG);\n"
-" /* r can still be 0 here! */\n"
-" }\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1007
-msgid ""
-"The following kinds of ptrace-stops exist: signal-delivery-stops, "
-"group-stops, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops, syscall-stops. They all are reported by "
-"B<waitpid>(2) with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true. They may be differentiated "
-"by examining the value I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8>, and if there is ambiguity in "
-"that value, by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. (Note: the "
-"I<WSTOPSIG(status)> macro can't be used to perform this examination, because "
-"it returns the value I<(statusE<gt>E<gt>8)\\ &\\ 0xff>.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1007
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Signal-delivery-stop"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1027
-msgid ""
-"When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives any signal except "
-"B<SIGKILL>, the kernel selects an arbitrary thread which handles the "
-"signal. (If the signal is generated with B<tgkill>(2), the target thread "
-"can be explicitly selected by the caller.) If the selected thread is "
-"traced, it enters signal-delivery-stop. At this point, the signal is not "
-"yet delivered to the process, and can be suppressed by the tracer. If the "
-"tracer doesn't suppress the signal, it passes the signal to the tracee in "
-"the next ptrace restart request. This second step of signal delivery is "
-"called I<signal injection> in this manual page. Note that if the signal is "
-"blocked, signal-delivery-stop doesn't happen until the signal is unblocked, "
-"with the usual exception that B<SIGSTOP> can't be blocked."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1041
-msgid ""
-"Signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
-"with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the signal returned by "
-"I<WSTOPSIG(status)>. If the signal is B<SIGTRAP>, this may be a different "
-"kind of ptrace-stop; see the \"Syscall-stops\" and \"execve\" sections below "
-"for details. If I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns a stopping signal, this may be "
-"a group-stop; see below."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1041
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Signal injection and suppression"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1044
-msgid ""
-"After signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer, the tracer should "
-"restart the tracee with the call"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1046
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, sig)\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1059
-msgid ""
-"where B<PTRACE_restart> is one of the restarting ptrace requests. If I<sig> "
-"is 0, then a signal is not delivered. Otherwise, the signal I<sig> is "
-"delivered. This operation is called I<signal injection> in this manual "
-"page, to distinguish it from signal-delivery-stop."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1065
-msgid ""
-"The I<sig> value may be different from the I<WSTOPSIG(status)> value: the "
-"tracer can cause a different signal to be injected."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1081
-msgid ""
-"Note that a suppressed signal still causes system calls to return "
-"prematurely. In this case, system calls will be restarted: the tracer will "
-"observe the tracee to reexecute the interrupted system call (or "
-"B<restart_syscall>(2) system call for a few system calls which use a "
-"different mechanism for restarting) if the tracer uses B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>. "
-"Even system calls (such as B<poll>(2)) which are not restartable after "
-"signal are restarted after signal is suppressed; however, kernel bugs exist "
-"which cause some system calls to fail with B<EINTR> even though no "
-"observable signal is injected to the tracee."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1092
-msgid ""
-"Restarting ptrace commands issued in ptrace-stops other than "
-"signal-delivery-stop are not guaranteed to inject a signal, even if I<sig> "
-"is nonzero. No error is reported; a nonzero I<sig> may simply be ignored. "
-"Ptrace users should not try to \"create a new signal\" this way: use "
-"B<tgkill>(2) instead."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1099
-msgid ""
-"The fact that signal injection requests may be ignored when restarting the "
-"tracee after ptrace stops that are not signal-delivery-stops is a cause of "
-"confusion among ptrace users. One typical scenario is that the tracer "
-"observes group-stop, mistakes it for signal-delivery-stop, restarts the "
-"tracee with"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1101
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, stopsig)\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1107
-msgid ""
-"with the intention of injecting I<stopsig>, but I<stopsig> gets ignored and "
-"the tracee continues to run."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1127
-msgid ""
-"The B<SIGCONT> signal has a side effect of waking up (all threads of) a "
-"group-stopped process. This side effect happens before "
-"signal-delivery-stop. The tracer can't suppress this side effect (it can "
-"only suppress signal injection, which only causes the B<SIGCONT> handler to "
-"not be executed in the tracee, if such a handler is installed). In fact, "
-"waking up from group-stop may be followed by signal-delivery-stop for "
-"signal(s) I<other than> B<SIGCONT>, if they were pending when B<SIGCONT> "
-"was delivered. In other words, B<SIGCONT> may be not the first signal "
-"observed by the tracee after it was sent."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1131
-msgid ""
-"Stopping signals cause (all threads of) a process to enter group-stop. This "
-"side effect happens after signal injection, and therefore can be suppressed "
-"by the tracer."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. In the Linux 2.4 sources, in arch/i386/kernel/signal.c::do_signal(),
-#. there is:
-#
-#. /* The debugger continued. Ignore SIGSTOP. */
-#. if (signr == SIGSTOP)
-#. continue;
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1141
-msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, the B<SIGSTOP> signal can't be injected."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1158
-msgid ""
-"B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> can be used to retrieve a I<siginfo_t> structure which "
-"corresponds to the delivered signal. B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> may be used to "
-"modify it. If B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> has been used to alter I<siginfo_t>, the "
-"I<si_signo> field and the I<sig> parameter in the restarting command must "
-"match, otherwise the result is undefined."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1158
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Group-stop"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1170
-msgid ""
-"When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a stopping signal, all "
-"threads stop. If some threads are traced, they enter a group-stop. Note "
-"that the stopping signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
-"tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
-"dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will group-stop be initiated on "
-"I<all> tracees within the multithreaded process. As usual, every tracee "
-"reports its group-stop separately to the corresponding tracer."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1179
-msgid ""
-"Group-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning with "
-"I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the stopping signal available via "
-"I<WSTOPSIG(status)>. The same result is returned by some other classes of "
-"ptrace-stops, therefore the recommended practice is to perform the call"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1181
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo)\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1202
-msgid ""
-"The call can be avoided if the signal is not B<SIGSTOP>, B<SIGTSTP>, "
-"B<SIGTTIN>, or B<SIGTTOU>; only these four signals are stopping signals. If "
-"the tracer sees something else, it can't be a group-stop. Otherwise, the "
-"tracer needs to call B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. If B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> fails "
-"with B<EINVAL>, then it is definitely a group-stop. (Other failure codes "
-"are possible, such as B<ESRCH> (\"no such process\") if a B<SIGKILL> killed "
-"the tracee.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1212
-msgid ""
-"If tracee was attached using B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, group-stop is indicated by "
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>: I<statusE<gt>E<gt>16 == PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. This "
-"allows detection of group-stops without requiring an extra "
-"B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> call."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1221
-msgid ""
-"As of Linux 2.6.38, after the tracer sees the tracee ptrace-stop and until "
-"it restarts or kills it, the tracee will not run, and will not send "
-"notifications (except B<SIGKILL> death) to the tracer, even if the tracer "
-"enters into another B<waitpid>(2) call."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1235
-msgid ""
-"The kernel behavior described in the previous paragraph causes a problem "
-"with transparent handling of stopping signals. If the tracer restarts the "
-"tracee after group-stop, the stopping signal is effectively ignored\\(emthe "
-"tracee doesn't remain stopped, it runs. If the tracer doesn't restart the "
-"tracee before entering into the next B<waitpid>(2), future B<SIGCONT> "
-"signals will not be reported to the tracer; this would cause the B<SIGCONT> "
-"signals to have no effect on the tracee."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
-msgid ""
-"Since Linux 3.4, there is a method to overcome this problem: instead of "
-"B<PTRACE_CONT>, a B<PTRACE_LISTEN> command can be used to restart a tracee "
-"in a way where it does not execute, but waits for a new event which it can "
-"report via B<waitpid>(2) (such as when it is restarted by a B<SIGCONT>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "PTRACE_EVENT stops"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1252
-msgid ""
-"If the tracer sets B<PTRACE_O_TRACE_*> options, the tracee will enter "
-"ptrace-stops called B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1266
-msgid ""
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops are observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
-"with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)>, and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns B<SIGTRAP>. An "
-"additional bit is set in the higher byte of the status word: the value "
-"I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8> will be"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1268
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " (SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_foo E<lt>E<lt> 8).\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1270
-msgid "The following events exist:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1270
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1283
-msgid ""
-"Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
-"flag. When the tracee is continued after this stop, it will wait for child "
-"to exit/exec before continuing its execution (in other words, the usual "
-"behavior on B<vfork>(2))."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1283
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1291
-msgid ""
-"Stop before return from B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set "
-"to B<SIGCHLD>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1291
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1295
-msgid "Stop before return from B<clone>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1295
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1305
-msgid ""
-"Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
-"flag, but after the child unblocked this tracee by exiting or execing."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1311
-msgid ""
-"For all four stops described above, the stop occurs in the parent (i.e., the "
-"tracee), not in the newly created thread. B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> can be used "
-"to retrieve the new thread's ID."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1311
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1318
-msgid ""
-"Stop before return from B<execve>(2). Since Linux 3.0, "
-"B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the former thread ID."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1318
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1334
-msgid ""
-"Stop before exit (including death from B<exit_group>(2)), signal death, or "
-"exit caused by B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process. "
-"B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the exit status. Registers can be examined "
-"(unlike when \"real\" exit happens). The tracee is still alive; it needs to "
-"be B<PTRACE_CONT>ed or B<PTRACE_DETACH>ed to finish exiting."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1334
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1346
-msgid ""
-"Stop induced by B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command, or group-stop, or initial "
-"ptrace-stop when a new child is attached (only if attached using "
-"B<PTRACE_SEIZE>), or B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1346
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1357
-msgid ""
-"Stop triggered by a B<seccomp>(2) rule on tracee syscall entry when "
-"B<PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP> has been set by the tracer. The seccomp event "
-"message data (from the B<SECCOMP_RET_DATA> portion of the seccomp filter "
-"rule) can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1369
-msgid ""
-"B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in "
-"I<si_signo>, with I<si_code> set to I<(eventE<lt>E<lt>8)\\ |\\ SIGTRAP>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1369
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Syscall-stops"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1382
-msgid ""
-"If the tracee was restarted by B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters "
-"syscall-enter-stop just prior to entering any system call. If the tracer "
-"restarts the tracee with B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters "
-"syscall-exit-stop when the system call is finished, or if it is interrupted "
-"by a signal. (That is, signal-delivery-stop never happens between "
-"syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop; it happens I<after> "
-"syscall-exit-stop.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1396
-msgid ""
-"Other possibilities are that the tracee may stop in a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, "
-"exit (if it entered B<_exit>(2) or B<exit_group>(2)), be killed by "
-"B<SIGKILL>, or die silently (if it is a thread group leader, the "
-"B<execve>(2) happened in another thread, and that thread is not traced by "
-"the same tracer; this situation is discussed later)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1411
-msgid ""
-"Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are observed by the tracer as "
-"B<waitpid>(2) returning with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, and "
-"I<WSTOPSIG(status)> giving B<SIGTRAP>. If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
-"option was set by the tracer, then I<WSTOPSIG(status)> will give the value "
-"I<(SIGTRAP\\ |\\ 0x80)>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1417
-msgid ""
-"Syscall-stops can be distinguished from signal-delivery-stop with B<SIGTRAP> "
-"by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for the following cases:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1417
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<si_code> E<lt>= 0"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1429
-msgid ""
-"B<SIGTRAP> was delivered as a result of a user-space action, for example, a "
-"system call (B<tgkill>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), etc.), expiration of "
-"a POSIX timer, change of state on a POSIX message queue, or completion of an "
-"asynchronous I/O request."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1429
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<si_code> == SI_KERNEL (0x80)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1433
-msgid "B<SIGTRAP> was sent by the kernel."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1433
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<si_code> == SIGTRAP or I<si_code> == (SIGTRAP|0x80)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1436
-msgid "This is a syscall-stop."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1441
-msgid ""
-"However, syscall-stops happen very often (twice per system call), and "
-"performing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for every syscall-stop may be somewhat "
-"expensive."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1464
-msgid ""
-"Some architectures allow the cases to be distinguished by examining "
-"registers. For example, on x86, I<rax> == -B<ENOSYS> in "
-"syscall-enter-stop. Since B<SIGTRAP> (like any other signal) always happens "
-"I<after> syscall-exit-stop, and at this point I<rax> almost never contains "
-"-B<ENOSYS>, the B<SIGTRAP> looks like \"syscall-stop which is not "
-"syscall-enter-stop\"; in other words, it looks like a \"stray "
-"syscall-exit-stop\" and can be detected this way. But such detection is "
-"fragile and is best avoided."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1470
-msgid ""
-"Using the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option is the recommended method to "
-"distinguish syscall-stops from other kinds of ptrace-stops, since it is "
-"reliable and does not incur a performance penalty."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1481
-msgid ""
-"Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are indistinguishable from each "
-"other by the tracer. The tracer needs to keep track of the sequence of "
-"ptrace-stops in order to not misinterpret syscall-enter-stop as "
-"syscall-exit-stop or vice versa. The rule is that syscall-enter-stop is "
-"always followed by syscall-exit-stop, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop or the tracee's "
-"death; no other kinds of ptrace-stop can occur in between."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1486
-msgid ""
-"If after syscall-enter-stop, the tracer uses a restarting command other than "
-"B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, syscall-exit-stop is not generated."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1498
-msgid ""
-"B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on syscall-stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in I<si_signo>, "
-"with I<si_code> set to B<SIGTRAP> or I<(SIGTRAP|0x80)>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1498
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU, PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP stops"
-msgstr ""
-
-#
-#. FIXME .
-#. document stops occurring with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU,
-#. PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1504
-msgid "[Details of these kinds of stops are yet to be documented.]"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1504
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Informational and restarting ptrace commands"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1514
-msgid ""
-"Most ptrace commands (all except B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, "
-"B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and B<PTRACE_KILL>) require the "
-"tracee to be in a ptrace-stop, otherwise they fail with B<ESRCH>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1519
-msgid ""
-"When the tracee is in ptrace-stop, the tracer can read and write data to the "
-"tracee using informational commands. These commands leave the tracee in "
-"ptrace-stopped state:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1531
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT/PEEKDATA/PEEKUSER, pid, addr, 0);\n"
-" ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT/POKEDATA/POKEUSER, pid, addr, long_val);\n"
-" ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS/GETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
-" ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS/SETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
-" ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
-" ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
-" ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
-" ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
-" ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, 0, &long_var);\n"
-" ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1543
-msgid ""
-"Note that some errors are not reported. For example, setting signal "
-"information (I<siginfo>) may have no effect in some ptrace-stops, yet the "
-"call may succeed (return 0 and not set I<errno>); querying "
-"B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> may succeed and return some random value if current "
-"ptrace-stop is not documented as returning a meaningful event message."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1545
-msgid "The call"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1547
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1556
-msgid ""
-"affects one tracee. The tracee's current flags are replaced. Flags are "
-"inherited by new tracees created and \"auto-attached\" via active "
-"B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> "
-"options."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1559
-msgid ""
-"Another group of commands makes the ptrace-stopped tracee run. They have "
-"the form:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1561
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " ptrace(cmd, pid, 0, sig);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1582
-msgid ""
-"where I<cmd> is B<PTRACE_CONT>, B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, B<PTRACE_DETACH>, "
-"B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, or "
-"B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, "
-"I<sig> is the signal to be injected (if it is nonzero). Otherwise, I<sig> "
-"may be ignored. (When restarting a tracee from a ptrace-stop other than "
-"signal-delivery-stop, recommended practice is to always pass 0 in I<sig>.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1582
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Attaching and detaching"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1584
-msgid "A thread can be attached to the tracer using the call"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1586
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1588 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2090
-msgid "or"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1590
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#
-#. FIXME . Describe how to attach to a thread which is already group-stopped.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1614
-msgid ""
-"B<PTRACE_ATTACH> sends B<SIGSTOP> to this thread. If the tracer wants this "
-"B<SIGSTOP> to have no effect, it needs to suppress it. Note that if other "
-"signals are concurrently sent to this thread during attach, the tracer may "
-"see the tracee enter signal-delivery-stop with other signal(s) first! The "
-"usual practice is to reinject these signals until B<SIGSTOP> is seen, then "
-"suppress B<SIGSTOP> injection. The design bug here is that a ptrace attach "
-"and a concurrently delivered B<SIGSTOP> may race and the concurrent "
-"B<SIGSTOP> may be lost."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1621
-msgid ""
-"Since attaching sends B<SIGSTOP> and the tracer usually suppresses it, this "
-"may cause a stray B<EINTR> return from the currently executing system call "
-"in the tracee, as described in the \"Signal injection and suppression\" "
-"section."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1633
-msgid ""
-"Since Linux 3.4, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> can be used instead of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>. "
-"B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the attached process. If you need to stop it "
-"after attach (or at any other time) without sending it any signals, use "
-"B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1635
-msgid "The request"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1637
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1643
-msgid ""
-"turns the calling thread into a tracee. The thread continues to run "
-"(doesn't enter ptrace-stop). A common practice is to follow the "
-"B<PTRACE_TRACEME> with"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1645
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " raise(SIGSTOP);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1648
-msgid ""
-"and allow the parent (which is our tracer now) to observe our "
-"signal-delivery-stop."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1672
-msgid ""
-"If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or "
-"B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> options are in effect, then children created by, "
-"respectively, B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, "
-"B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, and "
-"other kinds of B<clone>(2), are automatically attached to the same tracer "
-"which traced their parent. B<SIGSTOP> is delivered to the children, causing "
-"them to enter signal-delivery-stop after they exit the system call which "
-"created them."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1674
-msgid "Detaching of the tracee is performed by:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1676
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, sig);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1684
-msgid ""
-"B<PTRACE_DETACH> is a restarting operation; therefore it requires the tracee "
-"to be in ptrace-stop. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, a signal "
-"can be injected. Otherwise, the I<sig> parameter may be silently ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. FIXME . Describe how to detach from a group-stopped tracee so that it
-#. doesn't run, but continues to wait for SIGCONT.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1708
-msgid ""
-"If the tracee is running when the tracer wants to detach it, the usual "
-"solution is to send B<SIGSTOP> (using B<tgkill>(2), to make sure it goes to "
-"the correct thread), wait for the tracee to stop in signal-delivery-stop for "
-"B<SIGSTOP> and then detach it (suppressing B<SIGSTOP> injection). A design "
-"bug is that this can race with concurrent B<SIGSTOP>s. Another complication "
-"is that the tracee may enter other ptrace-stops and needs to be restarted "
-"and waited for again, until B<SIGSTOP> is seen. Yet another complication is "
-"to be sure that the tracee is not already ptrace-stopped, because no signal "
-"delivery happens while it is\\(emnot even B<SIGSTOP>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1716
-msgid ""
-"If the tracer dies, all tracees are automatically detached and restarted, "
-"unless they were in group-stop. Handling of restart from group-stop is "
-"currently buggy, but the \"as planned\" behavior is to leave tracee stopped "
-"and waiting for B<SIGCONT>. If the tracee is restarted from "
-"signal-delivery-stop, the pending signal is injected."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1716
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "execve(2) under ptrace"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. clone(2) CLONE_THREAD says:
-#. If any of the threads in a thread group performs an execve(2),
-#. then all threads other than the thread group leader are terminated,
-#. and the new program is executed in the thread group leader.
-#
-#. In kernel 3.1 sources, see fs/exec.c::de_thread()
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1735
-msgid ""
-"When one thread in a multithreaded process calls B<execve>(2), the kernel "
-"destroys all other threads in the process, and resets the thread ID of the "
-"execing thread to the thread group ID (process ID). (Or, to put things "
-"another way, when a multithreaded process does an B<execve>(2), at "
-"completion of the call, it appears as though the B<execve>(2) occurred in "
-"the thread group leader, regardless of which thread did the B<execve>(2).) "
-"This resetting of the thread ID looks very confusing to tracers:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1745
-msgid ""
-"All other threads stop in B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop, if the "
-"B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option was turned on. Then all other threads except "
-"the thread group leader report death as if they exited via B<_exit>(2) with "
-"exit code 0."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1753
-msgid ""
-"The execing tracee changes its thread ID while it is in the B<execve>(2). "
-"(Remember, under ptrace, the \"pid\" returned from B<waitpid>(2), or fed "
-"into ptrace calls, is the tracee's thread ID.) That is, the tracee's thread "
-"ID is reset to be the same as its process ID, which is the same as the "
-"thread group leader's thread ID."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1759
-msgid ""
-"Then a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop happens, if the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
-"option was turned on."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1780
-msgid ""
-"If the thread group leader has reported its B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop by "
-"this time, it appears to the tracer that the dead thread leader \"reappears "
-"from nowhere\". (Note: the thread group leader does not report death via "
-"I<WIFEXITED(status)> until there is at least one other live thread. This "
-"eliminates the possibility that the tracer will see it dying and then "
-"reappearing.) If the thread group leader was still alive, for the tracer "
-"this may look as if thread group leader returns from a different system call "
-"than it entered, or even \"returned from a system call even though it was "
-"not in any system call\". If the thread group leader was not traced (or was "
-"traced by a different tracer), then during B<execve>(2) it will appear as "
-"if it has become a tracee of the tracer of the execing tracee."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1783
-msgid ""
-"All of the above effects are the artifacts of the thread ID change in the "
-"tracee."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1803
-msgid ""
-"The B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is the recommended tool for dealing with "
-"this situation. First, it enables B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop, which occurs "
-"before B<execve>(2) returns. In this stop, the tracer can use "
-"B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> to retrieve the tracee's former thread ID. (This "
-"feature was introduced in Linux 3.0). Second, the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
-"option disables legacy B<SIGTRAP> generation on B<execve>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1809
-msgid ""
-"When the tracer receives B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, it is "
-"guaranteed that except this tracee and the thread group leader, no other "
-"threads from the process are alive."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1817
-msgid ""
-"On receiving the B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, the tracer should "
-"clean up all its internal data structures describing the threads of this "
-"process, and retain only one data structure\\(emone which describes the "
-"single still running tracee, with"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1819
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " thread ID == thread group ID == process ID.\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1823
-msgid "Example: two threads call B<execve>(2) at the same time:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1834
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 1: **\n"
-"PID1 execve(\"/bin/foo\", \"foo\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
-"*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 1 **\n"
-"*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 2: **\n"
-"PID2 execve(\"/bin/bar\", \"bar\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
-"*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 2 **\n"
-"*** we get PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC for PID0, we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL **\n"
-"*** we get syscall-exit-stop for PID0: **\n"
-"PID0 E<lt>... execve resumedE<gt> ) = 0\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1857
-msgid ""
-"If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is I<not> in effect for the execing "
-"tracee, the kernel delivers an extra B<SIGTRAP> to the tracee after "
-"B<execve>(2) returns. This is an ordinary signal (similar to one which can "
-"be generated by I<kill -TRAP>), not a special kind of ptrace-stop. "
-"Employing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for this signal returns I<si_code> set to 0 "
-"(I<SI_USER>). This signal may be blocked by signal mask, and thus may be "
-"delivered (much) later."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1876
-msgid ""
-"Usually, the tracer (for example, B<strace>(1)) would not want to show this "
-"extra post-execve B<SIGTRAP> signal to the user, and would suppress its "
-"delivery to the tracee (if B<SIGTRAP> is set to B<SIG_DFL>, it is a killing "
-"signal). However, determining I<which> B<SIGTRAP> to suppress is not easy. "
-"Setting the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option and thus suppressing this extra "
-"B<SIGTRAP> is the recommended approach."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1876
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Real parent"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1883
-msgid ""
-"The ptrace API (ab)uses the standard UNIX parent/child signaling over "
-"B<waitpid>(2). This used to cause the real parent of the process to stop "
-"receiving several kinds of B<waitpid>(2) notifications when the child "
-"process is traced by some other process."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1886
-msgid ""
-"Many of these bugs have been fixed, but as of Linux 2.6.38 several still "
-"exist; see BUGS below."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1888
-msgid "As of Linux 2.6.38, the following is believed to work correctly:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1896
-msgid ""
-"exit/death by signal is reported first to the tracer, then, when the tracer "
-"consumes the B<waitpid>(2) result, to the real parent (to the real parent "
-"only when the whole multithreaded process exits). If the tracer and the "
-"real parent are the same process, the report is sent only once."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1901
-msgid ""
-"On success, the B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data (but see "
-"NOTES), while other requests return zero."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1911
-msgid ""
-"On error, all requests return -1, and I<errno> is set appropriately. Since "
-"the value returned by a successful B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the "
-"caller must clear I<errno> before the call, and then check it afterward to "
-"determine whether or not an error occurred."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1915
-msgid "(i386 only) There was an error with allocating or freeing a debug register."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1926
-msgid ""
-"There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
-"tracer's or the tracee's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
-"accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this fault "
-"will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1929
-msgid "An attempt was made to set an invalid option."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1936
-msgid ""
-"I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
-"invalid area in the tracer's or the tracee's memory, or there was a "
-"word-alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a "
-"restart request."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1949
-msgid ""
-"The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the tracer "
-"has insufficient privileges (the required capability is B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); "
-"unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that they cannot send signals "
-"to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID programs, for obvious reasons. "
-"Alternatively, the process may already be being traced, or (on kernels "
-"before 2.6.26) be B<init>(1) (PID 1)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1954
-msgid ""
-"The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
-"the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require a stopped tracee)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1956
-msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1971
-msgid ""
-"Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
-"prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
-"function with only the I<request> argument fixed. It is recommended to "
-"always supply four arguments, even if the requested operation does not use "
-"them, setting unused/ignored arguments to I<0L> or I<(void\\ *)\\ 0>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. See commit 00cd5c37afd5f431ac186dd131705048c0a11fdb
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1976
-msgid ""
-"In Linux kernels before 2.6.26, B<init>(1), the process with PID 1, may not "
-"be traced."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. See http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1983
-msgid ""
-"The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite "
-"operating-system- and architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the "
-"data returned, might not entirely match with the definition of I<struct "
-"user>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1986
-msgid ""
-"The size of a \"word\" is determined by the operating-system variant (e.g., "
-"for 32-bit Linux it is 32 bits)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1994
-msgid ""
-"This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in Linux. "
-"Its behavior differs significantly on other flavors of UNIX. In any case, "
-"use of B<ptrace>() is highly specific to the operating system and "
-"architecture."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1994
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "C library/kernel ABI differences"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2006
-msgid ""
-"At the system call level, the B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, and "
-"B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER> requests have a different API: they store the result at "
-"the address specified by the I<data> parameter, and the return value is the "
-"error flag. The glibc wrapper function provides the API given in "
-"DESCRIPTION above, with the result being returned via the function return "
-"value."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2017
-msgid ""
-"On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
-"different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications compiled "
-"with 2.6 kernel headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be worked "
-"around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if "
-"that is defined."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2020
-msgid ""
-"Group-stop notifications are sent to the tracer, but not to real parent. "
-"Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. Note from Denys Vlasenko:
-#. Here "exits" means any kind of death - _exit, exit_group,
-#. signal death. Signal death and exit_group cases are trivial,
-#. though: since signal death and exit_group kill all other threads
-#. too, "until all other threads exit" thing happens rather soon
-#. in these cases. Therefore, only _exit presents observably
-#. puzzling behavior to ptrace users: thread leader _exit's,
-#. but WIFEXITED isn't reported! We are trying to explain here
-#. why it is so.
-#. FIXME . need to test/verify this scenario
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2051
-msgid ""
-"If a thread group leader is traced and exits by calling B<_exit>(2), a "
-"B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop will happen for it (if requested), but the "
-"subsequent B<WIFEXITED> notification will not be delivered until all other "
-"threads exit. As explained above, if one of other threads calls "
-"B<execve>(2), the death of the thread group leader will I<never> be "
-"reported. If the execed thread is not traced by this tracer, the tracer "
-"will never know that B<execve>(2) happened. One possible workaround is to "
-"B<PTRACE_DETACH> the thread group leader instead of restarting it in this "
-"case. Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2061
-msgid ""
-"A B<SIGKILL> signal may still cause a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop before "
-"actual signal death. This may be changed in the future; B<SIGKILL> is meant "
-"to always immediately kill tasks even under ptrace. Last confirmed on "
-"2.6.38.6."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2079
-msgid ""
-"Some system calls return with B<EINTR> if a signal was sent to a tracee, but "
-"delivery was suppressed by the tracer. (This is very typical operation: it "
-"is usually done by debuggers on every attach, in order to not introduce a "
-"bogus B<SIGSTOP>). As of Linux 3.2.9, the following system calls are "
-"affected (this list is likely incomplete): B<epoll_wait>(2), and B<read>(2) "
-"from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor. The usual symptom of this bug is "
-"that when you attach to a quiescent process with the command"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2081
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " strace -p E<lt>process-IDE<gt>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2084
-msgid "then, instead of the usual and expected one-line output such as"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2087
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " restart_syscall(E<lt>... resuming interrupted call ...E<gt>_\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2093
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " select(6, [5], NULL, [5], NULL_\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2097
-msgid ""
-"('_' denotes the cursor position), you observe more than one line. For "
-"example:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2101
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, {15370, 690928118}) = 0\n"
-" epoll_wait(4,_\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2122
-msgid ""
-"What is not visible here is that the process was blocked in B<epoll_wait>(2) "
-"before B<strace>(1) has attached to it. Attaching caused B<epoll_wait>(2) "
-"to return to user space with the error B<EINTR>. In this particular case, "
-"the program reacted to B<EINTR> by checking the current time, and then "
-"executing B<epoll_wait>(2) again. (Programs which do not expect such "
-"\"stray\" B<EINTR> errors may behave in an unintended way upon an "
-"B<strace>(1) attach.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2137
-msgid ""
-"B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), "
-"B<gettid>(2), B<seccomp>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), "
-"B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "QUOTACTL"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2010-06-16"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30
-msgid "quotactl - manipulate disk quotas"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:34
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
-"B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:37
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, "
-"caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:49
-msgid ""
-"The quota system can be used to set per-user and per-group limits on the "
-"amount of disk space used on a filesystem. For each user and/or group, a "
-"soft limit and a hard limit can be set for each filesystem. The hard limit "
-"can't be exceeded. The soft limit can be exceeded, but warnings will "
-"ensue. Moreover, the user can't exceed the soft limit for more than one "
-"week (by default) at a time; after this time, the soft limit counts as a "
-"hard limit."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:74
-msgid ""
-"The B<quotactl>() call manipulates disk quotas. The I<cmd> argument "
-"indicates a command to be applied to the user or group ID specified in "
-"I<id>. To initialize the I<cmd> argument, use the I<QCMD(subcmd, type)> "
-"macro. The I<type> value is either B<USRQUOTA>, for user quotas, or "
-"B<GRPQUOTA>, for group quotas. The I<subcmd> value is described below."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:79
-msgid ""
-"The I<special> argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing "
-"the pathname of the (mounted) block special device for the filesystem being "
-"manipulated."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:87
-msgid ""
-"The I<addr> argument is the address of an optional, command-specific, data "
-"structure that is copied in or out of the system. The interpretation of "
-"I<addr> is given with each command below."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
-msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:98
-msgid ""
-"Turn on quotas for a filesystem. The I<id> argument is the identification "
-"number of the quota format to be used. Currently, there are three supported "
-"quota formats:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:99
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_OLD>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
-msgid "The original quota format."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V0>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
-msgid ""
-"The standard VFS v0 quota format, which can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and "
-"quota limits up to 2^42 bytes and 2^32 inodes."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V1>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:110
-msgid ""
-"A quota format that can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and quota limits of 2^64 "
-"bytes and 2^64 inodes."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
-msgid ""
-"The I<addr> argument points to the pathname of a file containing the quotas "
-"for the filesystem. The quota file must exist; it is normally created with "
-"the B<quotacheck>(8) program. This operation requires privilege "
-"(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
-msgid ""
-"Turn off quotas for a filesystem. The I<addr> and I<id> arguments are "
-"ignored. This operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:142
-msgid ""
-"Get disk quota limits and current usage for user or group I<id>. The "
-"I<addr> argument is a pointer to a I<dqblk> structure defined in "
-"I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:147 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:234
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64-bit integer;\n"
-" uint32_t is an unsigned 32-bit integer */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:167
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct dqblk { /* Definition since Linux 2.4.22 */\n"
-" uint64_t dqb_bhardlimit; /* absolute limit on disk\n"
-" quota blocks alloc */\n"
-" uint64_t dqb_bsoftlimit; /* preferred limit on\n"
-" disk quota blocks */\n"
-" uint64_t dqb_curspace; /* current quota block\n"
-" count */\n"
-" uint64_t dqb_ihardlimit; /* maximum number of\n"
-" allocated inodes */\n"
-" uint64_t dqb_isoftlimit; /* preferred inode limit */\n"
-" uint64_t dqb_curinodes; /* current number of\n"
-" allocated inodes */\n"
-" uint64_t dqb_btime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
-" disk use */\n"
-" uint64_t dqb_itime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
-" files */\n"
-" uint32_t dqb_valid; /* bit mask of QIF_*\n"
-" constants */\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:170
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"/* Flags in dqb_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
-" dqblk structure are valid. */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:181
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"#define QIF_BLIMITS 1\n"
-"#define QIF_SPACE 2\n"
-"#define QIF_ILIMITS 4\n"
-"#define QIF_INODES 8\n"
-"#define QIF_BTIME 16\n"
-"#define QIF_ITIME 32\n"
-"#define QIF_LIMITS (QIF_BLIMITS | QIF_ILIMITS)\n"
-"#define QIF_USAGE (QIF_SPACE | QIF_INODES)\n"
-"#define QIF_TIMES (QIF_BTIME | QIF_ITIME)\n"
-"#define QIF_ALL (QIF_LIMITS | QIF_USAGE | QIF_TIMES)\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
-msgid ""
-"The I<dqb_valid> field is a bit mask that is set to indicate the entries in "
-"the I<dqblk> structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all "
-"entries of the I<dqblk> structure and marks them as valid in the "
-"I<dqb_valid> field. Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own quotas; "
-"a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can retrieve the quotas of any user."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
-msgid ""
-"Set quota information for user or group I<id>, using the information "
-"supplied in the I<dqblk> structure pointed to by I<addr>. The I<dqb_valid> "
-"field of the I<dqblk> structure indicates which entries in the structure "
-"have been set by the caller. This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETQLIM> and "
-"B<Q_SETUSE> operations in the previous quota interfaces. This operation "
-"requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_GETINFO>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:229
-msgid ""
-"Get information (like grace times) about quotafile. The I<addr> argument "
-"should be a pointer to a I<dqinfo> structure. This structure is defined in "
-"I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:238
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
-" uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
-" becomes hard limit */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:245
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
-" becomes hard limit */\n"
-" uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
-" (DQF_*) */\n"
-" uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:247
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:249
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:251
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:253
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:256
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
-" dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:261
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
-"# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
-"# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
-"# define IIF_ALL (IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
-msgid ""
-"The I<dqi_valid> field in the I<dqinfo> structure indicates the entries in "
-"the structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of "
-"the I<dqinfo> structure and marks them all as valid in the I<dqi_valid> "
-"field. The I<id> argument is ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_SETINFO>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
-msgid ""
-"Set information about quotafile. The I<addr> argument should be a pointer "
-"to a I<dqinfo> structure. The I<dqi_valid> field of the I<dqinfo> structure "
-"indicates the entries in the structure that have been set by the caller. "
-"This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETGRACE> and B<Q_SETFLAGS> operations in "
-"the previous quota interfaces. The I<id> argument is ignored. This "
-"operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_GETFMT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
-msgid ""
-"Get quota format used on the specified filesystem. The I<addr> argument "
-"should be a pointer to a 4-byte buffer where the format number will be "
-"stored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_SYNC>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
-msgid ""
-"Update the on-disk copy of quota usages for a filesystem. If I<special> is "
-"NULL, then all filesystems with active quotas are sync'ed. The I<addr> and "
-"I<id> arguments are ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. Q_GETSTATS was removed in kernel 2.4.22.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:339
-msgid ""
-"Get statistics and other generic information about the quota subsystem. The "
-"I<addr> argument should be a pointer to a I<dqstats> structure in which data "
-"should be stored. This structure is defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>. "
-"The I<special> and I<id> arguments are ignored. This operation is obsolete "
-"and not supported by recent kernels. Files in I</proc/sys/fs/quota/> carry "
-"the information instead."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
-msgid ""
-"For XFS filesystems making use of the XFS Quota Manager (XQM), the above "
-"commands are bypassed and the following commands are used:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
-msgid ""
-"Turn on quotas for an XFS filesystem. XFS provides the ability to turn "
-"on/off quota limit enforcement with quota accounting. Therefore, XFS "
-"expects I<addr> to be a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that contains either "
-"the flags B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ENFD> (for user "
-"quota), or B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ENFD> (for group "
-"quota), as defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>. This operation requires "
-"privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
-msgid ""
-"Turn off quotas for an XFS filesystem. As with B<Q_QUOTAON>, XFS "
-"filesystems expect a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that specifies whether "
-"quota accounting and/or limit enforcement need to be turned off. This "
-"operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
-msgid ""
-"Get disk quota limits and current usage for user I<id>. The I<addr> "
-"argument is a pointer to an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in "
-"I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own "
-"quotas; a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) may retrieve the quotas of any "
-"user."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
-msgid ""
-"Set disk quota limits for user I<id>. The I<addr> argument is a pointer to "
-"an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). This "
-"operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
-msgid ""
-"Returns an I<fs_quota_stat> structure containing XFS filesystem-specific "
-"quota information. This is useful for finding out how much space is used to "
-"store quota information, and also to get quotaon/off status of a given local "
-"XFS filesystem."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:412
-msgid ""
-"Free the disk space taken by disk quotas. Quotas must have already been "
-"turned off."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
-msgid ""
-"There is no command equivalent to B<Q_SYNC> for XFS since B<sync>(1) writes "
-"quota information to disk (in addition to the other filesystem metadata that "
-"it writes out)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
-msgid ""
-"On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0; on error -1 is returned, and I<errno> "
-"is set to indicate the error."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434
-msgid "I<addr> or I<special> is invalid."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
-msgid "I<cmd> or I<type> is invalid."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
-msgid "The file specified by I<special> or I<addr> does not exist."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
-msgid "The kernel has not been compiled with the B<CONFIG_QUOTA> option."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ENOTBLK>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
-msgid "I<special> is not a block device."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
-msgid ""
-"The caller lacked the required privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) for the "
-"specified operation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:465
-msgid ""
-"No disk quota is found for the indicated user. Quotas have not been turned "
-"on for this filesystem."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
-msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:477
-msgid "Specified limits are out of range allowed by quota format."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
-msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_QUOTAON>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
-msgid ""
-"The quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not a regular file; or, "
-"the quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not on the filesystem "
-"pointed to by I<special>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
-msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON> attempted, but another B<Q_QUOTAON> had already been performed."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
-msgid "The quota file is corrupted."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
-msgid "Specified quota format was not found."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512
-msgid "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "SENDFILE"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2011-09-14"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
-msgid "sendfile - transfer data between file descriptors"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:24
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. The below is too ugly. Comments about glibc versions belong
-#. in the notes, not in the header.
-#
-#. .B #include <features.h>
-#. .br
-#. .B #if (__GLIBC__==2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__>=1) || __GLIBC__>2
-#. .br
-#. .B #include <sys/sendfile.h>
-#. .br
-#. #else
-#. .br
-#. .B #include <sys/types.h>
-#. .br
-#. .B /* No system prototype before glibc 2.1. */
-#. .br
-#. .BI "ssize_t sendfile(int" " out_fd" ", int" " in_fd" ", off_t *" \
-#. offset ", size_t" " count" )
-#. .br
-#. .B #endif
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
-msgid ""
-"B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
-"size_t>I< count>B<);>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:57
-msgid ""
-"B<sendfile>() copies data between one file descriptor and another. Because "
-"this copying is done within the kernel, B<sendfile>() is more efficient "
-"than the combination of B<read>(2) and B<write>(2), which would require "
-"transferring data to and from user space."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:62
-msgid ""
-"I<in_fd> should be a file descriptor opened for reading and I<out_fd> should "
-"be a descriptor opened for writing."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:83
-msgid ""
-"If I<offset> is not NULL, then it points to a variable holding the file "
-"offset from which B<sendfile>() will start reading data from I<in_fd>. "
-"When B<sendfile>() returns, this variable will be set to the offset of the "
-"byte following the last byte that was read. If I<offset> is not NULL, then "
-"B<sendfile>() does not modify the current file offset of I<in_fd>; "
-"otherwise the current file offset is adjusted to reflect the number of bytes "
-"read from I<in_fd>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:90
-msgid ""
-"If I<offset> is NULL, then data will be read from I<in_fd> starting at the "
-"current file offset, and the file offset will be updated by the call."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:93
-msgid "I<count> is the number of bytes to copy between the file descriptors."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:100
-msgid ""
-"The I<in_fd> argument must correspond to a file which supports "
-"B<mmap>(2)-like operations (i.e., it cannot be a socket)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108
-msgid ""
-"In Linux kernels before 2.6.33, I<out_fd> must refer to a socket. Since "
-"Linux 2.6.33 it can be any file. If it is a regular file, then "
-"B<sendfile>() changes the file offset appropriately."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115
-msgid ""
-"If the transfer was successful, the number of bytes written to I<out_fd> is "
-"returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
-msgid ""
-"Nonblocking I/O has been selected using B<O_NONBLOCK> and the write would "
-"block."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
-msgid ""
-"The input file was not opened for reading or the output file was not opened "
-"for writing."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128
-msgid "Bad address."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
-msgid ""
-"Descriptor is not valid or locked, or an B<mmap>(2)-like operation is not "
-"available for I<in_fd>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
-msgid "Unspecified error while reading from I<in_fd>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142
-msgid "Insufficient memory to read from I<in_fd>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
-msgid ""
-"B<sendfile>() is a new feature in Linux 2.2. The include file "
-"I<E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>> is present since glibc 2.1."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:150
-msgid "Not specified in POSIX.1-2001, or other standards."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155
-msgid ""
-"Other UNIX systems implement B<sendfile>() with different semantics and "
-"prototypes. It should not be used in portable programs."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:165
-msgid ""
-"If you plan to use B<sendfile>() for sending files to a TCP socket, but "
-"need to send some header data in front of the file contents, you will find "
-"it useful to employ the B<TCP_CORK> option, described in B<tcp>(7), to "
-"minimize the number of packets and to tune performance."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:171
-msgid ""
-"In Linux 2.4 and earlier, I<out_fd> could also refer to a regular file, and "
-"B<sendfile>() changed the current offset of that file."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:183
-msgid ""
-"The original Linux B<sendfile>() system call was not designed to handle "
-"large file offsets. Consequently, Linux 2.4 added B<sendfile64>(), with a "
-"wider type for the I<offset> argument. The glibc B<sendfile>() wrapper "
-"function transparently deals with the kernel differences."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:192
-msgid ""
-"Applications may wish to fall back to B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) in the case "
-"where B<sendfile>() fails with B<EINVAL> or B<ENOSYS>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197
-msgid ""
-"The Linux-specific B<splice>(2) call supports transferring data between "
-"arbitrary files (e.g., a pair of sockets)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:202
-msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2014-07-08"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28
-msgid "set_tid_address - set pointer to thread ID"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:31
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:33
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
-msgid ""
-"For each thread, the kernel maintains two attributes (addresses) called "
-"I<set_child_tid> and I<clear_child_tid>. These two attributes contain the "
-"value NULL by default."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<set_child_tid>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:51
-msgid ""
-"If a thread is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> "
-"flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument of "
-"that system call."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
-msgid ""
-"When I<set_child_tid> is set, the very first thing the new thread does is to "
-"write its thread ID at this address."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "I<clear_child_tid>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:67
-msgid ""
-"If a thread is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> "
-"flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument "
-"of that system call."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:74
-msgid ""
-"The system call B<set_tid_address>() sets the I<clear_child_tid> value for "
-"the calling thread to I<tidptr>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:82
-msgid ""
-"When a thread whose I<clear_child_tid> is not NULL terminates, then, if the "
-"thread is sharing memory with other threads, then 0 is written at the "
-"address specified in I<clear_child_tid> and the kernel performs the "
-"following operation:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:84
-#, no-wrap
-msgid " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
-msgid ""
-"The effect of this operation is to wake a single thread that is performing a "
-"futex wait on the memory location. Errors from the futex wake operation are "
-"ignored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
-msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always returns the caller's thread ID."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
-msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always succeeds."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97
-msgid ""
-"This call is present since Linux 2.5.48. Details as given here are valid "
-"since Linux 2.5.49."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:103
-msgid "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2), B<gettid>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:26
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "SPLICE"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2014-12-31"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:29
-msgid "splice - splice data to/from a pipe"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:33 build/C/man2/tee.2:33
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
-"B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:38
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
-"B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int "
-">I<flags>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:50
-msgid ""
-"B<splice>() moves data between two file descriptors without copying between "
-"kernel address space and user address space. It transfers up to I<len> "
-"bytes of data from the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the file descriptor "
-"I<fd_out>, where one of the descriptors must refer to a pipe."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:55
-msgid "The following semantics apply for I<fd_in> and I<off_in>:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:61
-msgid "If I<fd_in> refers to a pipe, then I<off_in> must be NULL."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:70
-msgid ""
-"If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is NULL, then bytes are "
-"read from I<fd_in> starting from the current file offset, and the current "
-"file offset is adjusted appropriately."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:83
-msgid ""
-"If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is not NULL, then "
-"I<off_in> must point to a buffer which specifies the starting offset from "
-"which bytes will be read from I<fd_in>; in this case, the current file "
-"offset of I<fd_in> is not changed."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:88
-msgid "Analogous statements apply for I<fd_out> and I<off_out>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:93 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
-msgid ""
-"The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together zero "
-"or more of the following values:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:93 build/C/man2/tee.2:62 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:106
-msgid ""
-"Attempt to move pages instead of copying. This is only a hint to the "
-"kernel: pages may still be copied if the kernel cannot move the pages from "
-"the pipe, or if the pipe buffers don't refer to full pages. The initial "
-"implementation of this flag was buggy: therefore starting in Linux 2.6.21 it "
-"is a no-op (but is still permitted in a B<splice>() call); in the future, a "
-"correct implementation may be restored."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:106 build/C/man2/tee.2:68 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:115
-msgid ""
-"Do not block on I/O. This makes the splice pipe operations nonblocking, but "
-"B<splice>() may nevertheless block because the file descriptors that are "
-"spliced to/from may block (unless they have the B<O_NONBLOCK> flag set)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:115 build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:129
-msgid ""
-"More data will be coming in a subsequent splice. This is a helpful hint "
-"when the I<fd_out> refers to a socket (see also the description of "
-"B<MSG_MORE> in B<send>(2), and the description of B<TCP_CORK> in B<tcp>(7))"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:129 build/C/man2/tee.2:79 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:135
-msgid "Unused for B<splice>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:144
-msgid ""
-"Upon successful completion, B<splice>() returns the number of bytes spliced "
-"to or from the pipe. A return value of 0 means that there was no data to "
-"transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because there are no writers "
-"connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by I<fd_in>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:150
-msgid "On error, B<splice>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:157 build/C/man2/tee.2:107 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:133
-msgid ""
-"B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK> was specified in I<flags>, and the operation would "
-"block."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:161
-msgid ""
-"One or both file descriptors are not valid, or do not have proper read-write "
-"mode."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. The append-mode error is given since 2.6.27; in earlier kernels,
-#. splice() in append mode was broken
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:169
-msgid ""
-"Target filesystem doesn't support splicing; target file is opened in append "
-"mode; neither of the descriptors refers to a pipe; or offset given for "
-"nonseekable device."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:172 build/C/man2/tee.2:120 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:148
-msgid "Out of memory."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:172
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ESPIPE>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:179
-msgid ""
-"Either I<off_in> or I<off_out> was not NULL, but the corresponding file "
-"descriptor refers to a pipe."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:184
-msgid ""
-"The B<splice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
-"was added to glibc in version 2.5."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:196
-msgid ""
-"The three system calls B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), and B<tee>(2), provide "
-"user-space programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer, "
-"implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that is used for "
-"a pipe. In overview, these system calls perform the following tasks:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:196
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<splice>()"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:200
-msgid ""
-"moves data from the buffer to an arbitrary file descriptor, or vice versa, "
-"or from one buffer to another."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:200
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<tee>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:203
-msgid "\"copies\" the data from one buffer to another."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:203
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<vmsplice>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:206
-msgid "\"copies\" data from user space into the buffer."
-msgstr ""
-
-#
-#. Linus: Now, imagine using the above in a media server, for example.
-#. Let's say that a year or two has passed, so that the video drivers
-#. have been updated to be able to do the splice thing, and what can
-#. you do? You can:
-#
-#. - splice from the (mpeg or whatever - let's just assume that the video
-#. input is either digital or does the encoding on its own - like they
-#. pretty much all do) video input into a pipe (remember: no copies - the
-#. video input will just DMA directly into memory, and splice will just
-#. set up the pages in the pipe buffer)
-#. - tee that pipe to split it up
-#. - splice one end to a file (ie "save the compressed stream to disk")
-#. - splice the other end to a real-time video decoder window for your
-#. real-time viewing pleasure.
-#
-#. Linus: Now, the advantage of splice()/tee() is that you can
-#. do zero-copy movement of data, and unlike sendfile() you can
-#. do it on _arbitrary_ data (and, as shown by "tee()", it's more
-#. than just sending the data to somebody else: you can duplicate
-#. the data and choose to forward it to two or more different
-#. users - for things like logging etc.).
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:237
-msgid ""
-"Though we talk of copying, actual copies are generally avoided. The kernel "
-"does this by implementing a pipe buffer as a set of reference-counted "
-"pointers to pages of kernel memory. The kernel creates \"copies\" of pages "
-"in a buffer by creating new pointers (for the output buffer) referring to "
-"the pages, and increasing the reference counts for the pages: only pointers "
-"are copied, not the pages of the buffer."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:240
-msgid "See B<tee>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/splice.2:244
-msgid "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:26
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "TEE"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:29
-msgid "tee - duplicating pipe content"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:36
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned "
-"int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. Example programs http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps
-#
-#
-#. add a "tee(in, out1, out2)" system call that duplicates the pages
-#. (again, incrementing their reference count, not copying the data) from
-#. one pipe to two other pipes.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:56
-msgid ""
-"B<tee>() duplicates up to I<len> bytes of data from the pipe referred to by "
-"the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the pipe referred to by the file descriptor "
-"I<fd_out>. It does not consume the data that is duplicated from I<fd_in>; "
-"therefore, that data can be copied by a subsequent B<splice>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:62
-msgid ""
-"I<flags> is a series of modifier flags, which share the name space with "
-"B<splice>(2) and B<vmsplice>(2):"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:68
-msgid "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(); see B<splice>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. Not used for vmsplice
-#. May be in the future -- therefore EAGAIN
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
-msgid "Do not block on I/O; see B<splice>(2) for further details."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:79
-msgid ""
-"Currently has no effect for B<tee>(), but may be implemented in the future; "
-"see B<splice>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:85
-msgid "Unused for B<tee>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:94
-msgid ""
-"Upon successful completion, B<tee>() returns the number of bytes that were "
-"duplicated between the input and output. A return value of 0 means that "
-"there was no data to transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because "
-"there are no writers connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by "
-"I<fd_in>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:100
-msgid "On error, B<tee>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:117
-msgid ""
-"I<fd_in> or I<fd_out> does not refer to a pipe; or I<fd_in> and I<fd_out> "
-"refer to the same pipe."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:125
-msgid ""
-"The B<tee>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
-"was added to glibc in version 2.5."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:136
-msgid ""
-"Conceptually, B<tee>() copies the data between the two pipes. In reality "
-"no real data copying takes place though: under the covers, B<tee>() assigns "
-"data in the output by merely grabbing a reference to the input."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:143
-msgid ""
-"The example below implements a basic B<tee>(1) program using the B<tee>() "
-"system call. Here is an example of its use:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:150
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"$ B<date |./a.out out.log | cat>\n"
-"Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
-"$ B<cat out.log>\n"
-"Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:152
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Program source"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:162
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
-"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
-"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
-"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
-"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
-"#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
-"#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:168
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"int\n"
-"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
-"{\n"
-" int fd;\n"
-" int len, slen;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:173
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" if (argc != 2) {\n"
-" fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
-" exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
-" }\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:179
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
-" if (fd == -1) {\n"
-" perror(\"open\");\n"
-" exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
-" }\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:186
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" do {\n"
-" /*\n"
-" * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
-" */\n"
-" len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
-" INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:195
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
-" if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
-" continue;\n"
-" perror(\"tee\");\n"
-" exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
-" } else\n"
-" if (len == 0)\n"
-" break;\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:209
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" /*\n"
-" * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
-" */\n"
-" while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
-" slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
-" len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
-" if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
-" perror(\"splice\");\n"
-" break;\n"
-" }\n"
-" len -= slen;\n"
-" }\n"
-" } while (1);\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:213
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-" close(fd);\n"
-" exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
-"}\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/tee.2:217
-msgid "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "VM86"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2009-02-20"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:29
-msgid "vm86old, vm86 - enter virtual 8086 mode"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:31
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:33
-msgid "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:35
-msgid "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:48
-msgid ""
-"The system call B<vm86>() was introduced in Linux 0.97p2. In Linux 2.1.15 "
-"and 2.0.28, it was renamed to B<vm86old>(), and a new B<vm86>() was "
-"introduced. The definition of I<struct vm86_struct> was changed in 1.1.8 "
-"and 1.1.9."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:52
-msgid ""
-"These calls cause the process to enter VM86 mode (virtual-8086 in Intel "
-"literature), and are used by B<dosemu>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:54
-msgid "VM86 mode is an emulation of real mode within a protected mode task."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
-msgid ""
-"This return value is specific to i386 and indicates a problem with getting "
-"user-space data."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
-msgid ""
-"This return value indicates the call is not implemented on the present "
-"architecture."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:73
-msgid ""
-"Saved kernel stack exists. (This is a kernel sanity check; the saved stack "
-"should exist only within vm86 mode itself.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:76
-msgid ""
-"This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors, and should not be "
-"used in programs intended to be portable."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "VMSPLICE"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2014-10-02"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
-msgid "vmsplice - splice user pages into a pipe"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:34
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
-"B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
-"B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:37
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
-"B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int "
-">I<flags>B<);>\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. Linus: vmsplice() system call to basically do a "write to
-#. the buffer", but using the reference counting and VM traversal
-#. to actually fill the buffer. This means that the user needs to
-#. be careful not to reuse the user-space buffer it spliced into
-#. the kernel-space one (contrast this to "write()", which copies
-#. the actual data, and you can thus reuse the buffer immediately
-#. after a successful write), but that is often easy to do.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:57
-msgid ""
-"The B<vmsplice>() system call maps I<nr_segs> ranges of user memory "
-"described by I<iov> into a pipe. The file descriptor I<fd> must refer to a "
-"pipe."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:64
-msgid ""
-"The pointer I<iov> points to an array of I<iovec> structures as defined in "
-"I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:71
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"struct iovec {\n"
-" void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
-" size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes */\n"
-"};\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
-msgid "Unused for B<vmsplice>(); see B<splice>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
-msgid ""
-"Currently has no effect for B<vmsplice>(), but may be implemented in the "
-"future; see B<splice>(2)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. FIXME . Explain the following line in a little more detail:
-#. FIXME
-#. It looks like the page-alignment requirement went away with
-#. commit bd1a68b59c8e3bce45fb76632c64e1e063c3962d
-#
-#. .... if we expect to later SPLICE_F_MOVE to the cache.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:117
-msgid ""
-"The user pages are a gift to the kernel. The application may not modify "
-"this memory ever, or page cache and on-disk data may differ. Gifting pages "
-"to the kernel means that a subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> can "
-"successfully move the pages; if this flag is not specified, then a "
-"subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> must copy the pages. Data must "
-"also be properly page aligned, both in memory and length."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:126
-msgid ""
-"Upon successful completion, B<vmsplice>() returns the number of bytes "
-"transferred to the pipe. On error, B<vmsplice>() returns -1 and I<errno> "
-"is set to indicate the error."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:137
-msgid "I<fd> either not valid, or doesn't refer to a pipe."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
-msgid ""
-"I<nr_segs> is greater than B<IOV_MAX>; or memory not aligned if "
-"B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> set."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:153
-msgid ""
-"The B<vmsplice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library "
-"support was added to glibc in version 2.5."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
-msgid ""
-"B<vmsplice>() follows the other vectorized read/write type functions when "
-"it comes to limitations on number of segments being passed in. This limit "
-"is B<IOV_MAX> as defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>>. At the time of this "
-"writing, that limit is 1024."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:167
-msgid "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
-msgstr ""
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