msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-28 07:16+0900\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-03-22 01:05+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:24
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
#, no-wrap
msgid "ARCH_PRCTL"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:24
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
#, no-wrap
msgid "2007-12-26"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:24 build/C/man2/futex.2:17 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:25 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:28 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:5 build/C/man2/personality.2:30 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:7 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:27 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:25 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:15 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:23 build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:26 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25 build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:24 build/C/man2/futex.2:17 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:25 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:28 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:5 build/C/man2/personality.2:30 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:7 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:27 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:25 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:15 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:23 build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:26 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25 build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:18 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:28 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:28 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:26 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:9 build/C/man2/outb.2:29 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:6 build/C/man2/personality.2:31 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:8 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:28 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:50 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:26 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:16 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:24 build/C/man2/splice.2:27 build/C/man2/tee.2:27 build/C/man2/vm86.2:27 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:27
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:26 build/C/man2/futex.2:54 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:30 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:28 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:28 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:9 build/C/man2/outb.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:9 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:28 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:28 build/C/man2/personality.2:33 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:11 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:45 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:20 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26 build/C/man2/splice.2:27 build/C/man2/tee.2:27 build/C/man2/vm86.2:27 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:27
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28
msgid "arch_prctl - set architecture-specific thread state"
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:27 build/C/man2/futex.2:20 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:30 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:28 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:28 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/personality.2:33 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:52 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:18 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26 build/C/man2/splice.2:29 build/C/man2/tee.2:29 build/C/man2/vm86.2:29 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28 build/C/man2/futex.2:56 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11 build/C/man2/outb.2:31 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30 build/C/man2/personality.2:35 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28 build/C/man2/splice.2:29 build/C/man2/tee.2:29 build/C/man2/vm86.2:29 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:30
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:31
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:32
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:35
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:36
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long >I<addr>B<);>\n"
#. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:36 build/C/man2/futex.2:32 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:39 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:35 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:34 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:18 build/C/man2/outb.2:33 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:19 build/C/man2/personality.2:37 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:12 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:48 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:59 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:36 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:43 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:32 build/C/man2/splice.2:39 build/C/man2/tee.2:38 build/C/man2/vm86.2:35 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:39
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:37 build/C/man2/futex.2:68 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:44 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:18 build/C/man2/outb.2:62 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:22 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39 build/C/man2/personality.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:50 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:54 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:38 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:34 build/C/man2/splice.2:39 build/C/man2/tee.2:38 build/C/man2/vm86.2:35 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:51
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:52
msgid ""
"The B<arch_prctl>() function sets architecture-specific process or thread "
"state. I<code> selects a subfunction and passes argument I<addr> to it; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:53
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
msgid "Sub functions for x86-64 are:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:53
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:59
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<FS> register to I<addr>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:59
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:67
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
msgid ""
"Return the 64-bit base value for the I<FS> register of the current thread in "
"the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:67
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:73
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<GS> register to I<addr>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:73
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:81
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82
msgid ""
"Return the 64-bit base value for the I<GS> register of the current thread in "
"the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:81 build/C/man2/futex.2:173 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:72 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:110 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:96 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:51 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:47 build/C/man2/personality.2:55 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:95 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:207 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1580 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:104 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:80 build/C/man2/splice.2:127 build/C/man2/tee.2:85 build/C/man2/vm86.2:52 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82 build/C/man2/futex.2:209 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:77 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:114 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:51 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1804 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190 build/C/man2/personality.2:57 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:209 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1713 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88 build/C/man2/splice.2:127 build/C/man2/tee.2:85 build/C/man2/vm86.2:52 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:87
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88
msgid ""
"On success, B<arch_prctl>() returns 0; on error, -1 is returned, and "
"I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:87 build/C/man2/futex.2:210 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:79 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:117 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:106 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:74 build/C/man2/personality.2:62 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:99 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:227 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1594 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:425 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:111 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:83 build/C/man2/splice.2:142 build/C/man2/tee.2:100 build/C/man2/vm86.2:57 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88 build/C/man2/futex.2:234 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:84 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:121 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1810 build/C/man2/personality.2:64 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:229 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1727 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91 build/C/man2/splice.2:142 build/C/man2/tee.2:100 build/C/man2/vm86.2:57 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88 build/C/man2/futex.2:222 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:51 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:107 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:249 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:254 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1598 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:426 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121 build/C/man2/vm86.2:58
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:89 build/C/man2/futex.2:249 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:111 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:51 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:109 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:251 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:256 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1731 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:428 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125 build/C/man2/vm86.2:58
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EFAULT>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:92
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93
msgid ""
"I<addr> points to an unmapped address or is outside the process address "
"space."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:92 build/C/man2/futex.2:227 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:83 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:122 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:111 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:75 build/C/man2/personality.2:63 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:108 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:228 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:239 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:243 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1609 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:432 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:499 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:124 build/C/man2/splice.2:147 build/C/man2/tee.2:101 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93 build/C/man2/futex.2:261 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:88 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:126 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:78 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1811 build/C/man2/personality.2:65 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:230 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1742 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128 build/C/man2/splice.2:147 build/C/man2/tee.2:101 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:96
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97
msgid "I<code> is not a valid subcommand."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:96 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:93 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:129 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:102 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:265 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1619 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:454 build/C/man2/vm86.2:66
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:98 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:133 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1752 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456 build/C/man2/vm86.2:66
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EPERM>"
msgstr ""
#. .SH AUTHOR
#. Man page written by Andi Kleen.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:102
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103
msgid "I<addr> is outside the process address space."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:102 build/C/man2/futex.2:247 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:128 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:56 build/C/man2/outb.2:58 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:107 build/C/man2/personality.2:66 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:122 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:277 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1637 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:144 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:89 build/C/man2/splice.2:170 build/C/man2/tee.2:119 build/C/man2/vm86.2:71 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:143
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103 build/C/man2/futex.2:296 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:142 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:56 build/C/man2/outb.2:87 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:110 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1829 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199 build/C/man2/personality.2:68 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1770 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97 build/C/man2/splice.2:170 build/C/man2/tee.2:119 build/C/man2/vm86.2:71 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:143
#, no-wrap
msgid "CONFORMING TO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:106
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107
msgid ""
"B<arch_prctl>() is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in "
"programs intended to be portable."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:106 build/C/man2/futex.2:249 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:114 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:140 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:131 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1639 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:151 build/C/man2/splice.2:172 build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107 build/C/man2/futex.2:298 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:119 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:144 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1834 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:281 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1772 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155 build/C/man2/splice.2:172 build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:109
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:110
msgid ""
"B<arch_prctl>() is only supported on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs "
"currently."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:111
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:112
msgid "The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:114
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:115
msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS> is disabled in some kernels."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:129
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:130
msgid ""
"Context switches for 64-bit segment bases are rather expensive. It may be a "
"faster alternative to set a 32-bit base using a segment selector by setting "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:134
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:135
msgid ""
"As of version 2.7, glibc provides no prototype for B<arch_prctl>(). You "
"have to declare it yourself for now. This may be fixed in future glibc "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:137
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138
msgid "I<FS> may be already used by the threading library."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:137 build/C/man2/futex.2:263 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:121 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:155 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:134 build/C/man2/outb.2:67 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:109 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:137 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:329 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1746 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:505 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:193 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91 build/C/man2/splice.2:226 build/C/man2/tee.2:197 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:154
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138 build/C/man2/futex.2:312 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:128 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/outb.2:96 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1948 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:331 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1926 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99 build/C/man2/splice.2:226 build/C/man2/tee.2:197 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:154
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:142
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:143
msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:144
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145
msgid "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:144 build/C/man2/futex.2:274 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:130 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:158 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/outb.2:70 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:111 build/C/man2/personality.2:70 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:332 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1760 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:510 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:199 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94 build/C/man2/splice.2:230 build/C/man2/tee.2:200 build/C/man2/vm86.2:74 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:157
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145 build/C/man2/futex.2:325 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:137 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/outb.2:99 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1954 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209 build/C/man2/personality.2:72 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:334 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1940 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:203 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:102 build/C/man2/splice.2:230 build/C/man2/tee.2:200 build/C/man2/vm86.2:74 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:157
#, no-wrap
msgid "COLOPHON"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:151 build/C/man2/futex.2:281 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:137 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:165 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:95 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:143 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:65 build/C/man2/outb.2:77 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:118 build/C/man2/personality.2:77 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:150 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:339 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1767 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:517 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:206 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:101 build/C/man2/splice.2:237 build/C/man2/tee.2:207 build/C/man2/vm86.2:81 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
+#: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:152 build/C/man2/futex.2:332 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:144 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:120 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:169 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:95 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:145 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:65 build/C/man2/outb.2:106 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:121 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1961 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:216 build/C/man2/personality.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:156 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:341 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1947 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:519 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:210 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:109 build/C/man2/splice.2:237 build/C/man2/tee.2:207 build/C/man2/vm86.2:81 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
msgid ""
-"This page is part of release 3.41 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
+"This page is part of release 3.50 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
"description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
"found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:17
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
#, no-wrap
msgid "FUTEX"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:17
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2010-08-29"
+msgid "2013-03-15"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:20
-msgid "futex - Fast Userspace Locking system call"
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:56
+msgid "futex - fast user-space locking"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:25
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:61
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:28
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:64
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct "
#. int *? void *? u32 *?
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:31
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:67
#, no-wrap
msgid "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:48
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:84
msgid ""
"The B<futex>() system call provides a method for a program to wait for a "
"value at a given address to change, and a method to wake up anyone waiting "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:55
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:91
msgid ""
-"When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in userspace, a "
+"When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in user space, a "
"call needs to be made to the kernel to arbitrate. Arbitration can either "
"mean putting the calling process to sleep or, conversely, waking a waiting "
"process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:62
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:98
msgid ""
"Callers of this function are expected to adhere to the semantics as set out "
"in B<futex>(7). As these semantics involve writing nonportable assembly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:70
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:106
msgid ""
"The I<uaddr> argument needs to point to an aligned integer which stores the "
"counter. The operation to execute is passed via the I<op> argument, along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:72
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:108
msgid "Five operations are currently defined:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:72 build/C/man2/futex.2:177
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:108 build/C/man2/futex.2:216
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:90
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:126
msgid ""
"This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
"contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this futex "
"address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents describe the "
-"maximum duration of the wait, which is infinite otherwise. The arguments "
+"minimum duration of the wait, which is infinite otherwise. The arguments "
"I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:98
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:134
msgid ""
"For B<futex>(7), this call is executed if decrementing the count gave a "
"negative value (indicating contention), and will sleep until another process "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:98 build/C/man2/futex.2:194
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:134 build/C/man2/futex.2:222
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:109
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:145
msgid ""
"This operation wakes at most I<val> processes waiting on this futex address "
"(i.e., inside B<FUTEX_WAIT>). The arguments I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:115
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:151
msgid ""
"For B<futex>(7), this is executed if incrementing the count showed that "
"there were waiters, once the futex value has been set to 1 (indicating that "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:115
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:151
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<FUTEX_FD> (present up to and including Linux 2.6.25)"
msgstr ""
#. , suitable for .BR poll (2).
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:131
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:167
msgid ""
"To support asynchronous wakeups, this operation associates a file descriptor "
"with a futex. If another process executes a B<FUTEX_WAKE>, the process will "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:136
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:172
msgid ""
"To prevent race conditions, the caller should test if the futex has been "
"upped after B<FUTEX_FD> returns."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:140
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:176
msgid ""
"Because it was inherently racy, B<FUTEX_FD> has been removed from Linux "
"2.6.26 onward."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:140
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:176
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.5.70)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:155
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:191
msgid ""
"This operation was introduced in order to avoid a \"thundering herd\" effect "
"when B<FUTEX_WAKE> is used and all processes woken up need to acquire "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:155
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:191
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:173
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:209
msgid ""
"There was a race in the intended use of B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, so "
"B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> was introduced. This is similar to B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:177
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:216
msgid ""
-"Depending on which operation was executed, the returned value for a "
-"successful call can have differing meanings."
+"In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
+"indicate the error. The return value on success depends on the operation, "
+"as described in the following list:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:194
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:222
msgid ""
-"Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. In case of "
-"timeout, the operation fails with the error B<ETIMEDOUT>. If the futex was "
-"not equal to the expected value, the operation fails with the error "
-"B<EWOULDBLOCK>. Signals (see B<signal>(7)) or other spurious wakeups cause "
-"B<FUTEX_WAIT> to fail with the error B<EINTR>."
+"Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. See ERRORS for "
+"the various possible error returns."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:197 build/C/man2/futex.2:203 build/C/man2/futex.2:206
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:225 build/C/man2/futex.2:231 build/C/man2/futex.2:234
msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:197
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:225
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<FUTEX_FD>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:200
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:228
msgid "Returns the new file descriptor associated with the futex."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:200
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:228
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:203
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:231
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:210
-msgid ""
-"In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
-"indicate the error."
-msgstr ""
-
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:211 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:484
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:235 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EACCES>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:214
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:238
msgid "No read access to futex memory."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:214 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:112
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:238 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:116
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EAGAIN>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:222
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:249
msgid ""
-"B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> found an unexpected futex value. (This probably "
-"indicates a race; use the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
+"B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> detected that the value pointed to by I<uaddr> is not "
+"equal to the expected value I<val3>. (This probably indicates a race; use "
+"the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:254
+msgid "Error retrieving I<timeout> information from user space."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:254
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<EINTR>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:227
-msgid "Error in getting I<timeout> information from userspace."
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:261
+msgid ""
+"A B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation was interrupted by a signal (see B<signal>(7)) or "
+"a spurious wakeup."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:230
-msgid "An operation was not defined or error in page alignment."
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:264
+msgid "Invalid argument."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:230
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:264
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENFILE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:233
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:267
msgid "The system limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:233 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:124 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:90 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:445 build/C/man2/vm86.2:62
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:267 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447 build/C/man2/vm86.2:62
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOSYS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:237
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
msgid "Invalid operation specified in I<op>."
msgstr ""
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<ETIMEDOUT>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:276
+msgid "Timeout during the B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:276
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:286
+msgid ""
+"I<op> was B<FUTEX_WAIT> and the value pointed to by I<uaddr> was not equal "
+"to the expected value I<val> at the time of the call."
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:237 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:110 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:134 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:119 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:274 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:86 build/C/man2/splice.2:165 build/C/man2/tee.2:114 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:286 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:115 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:276 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94 build/C/man2/splice.2:165 build/C/man2/tee.2:114 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:247
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:296
msgid ""
"Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7 but with different semantics "
"from what was described above. A 4-argument system call with the semantics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:249 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:140 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91 build/C/man2/splice.2:172 build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:298 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:144 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99 build/C/man2/splice.2:172 build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
msgid "This system call is Linux-specific."
msgstr ""
#. and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center).
#. This page written by bert hubert.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:263
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:312
msgid ""
"To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction "
"for end-users. (There is no wrapper function for this system call in "
"glibc.) Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have read "
-"the sources of the futex userspace library referenced below."
+"the sources of the futex user-space library referenced below."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:265
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:314
msgid "B<futex>(7)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:268
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:317
msgid ""
"I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
"of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:270
-msgid "http://kernel.org/doc/ols/2002/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf"
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:320
+msgid ""
+"E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
+"E<.UE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:272
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:322
msgid "Futex example library, futex-*.tar.bz2 at"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/futex.2:274
-msgid "ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/."
+#: build/C/man2/futex.2:325
+msgid ""
+"E<.UR ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> "
+"E<.UE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:27
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:27
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2012-05-03"
+msgid "2012-07-13"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:27
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux System Calls"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:30
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32
msgid "get_robust_list, set_robust_list - get/set list of robust futexes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:34
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:36
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:38
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:40
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<long get_robust_list(int >I<pid>B<, struct robust_list_head "
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:44
+msgid "I<Note>: There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:49
msgid ""
"The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust "
"futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits. These lists are managed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:60
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:65
msgid ""
"The B<get_robust_list>() system call returns the head of the robust futex "
"list of the thread whose thread ID is specified in I<pid>. If I<pid> is 0, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:72
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:77
msgid ""
"The B<set_robust_list>() system call requests the kernel to record the head "
"of the list of robust futexes owned by the calling thread. The I<head> "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:79
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:84
msgid ""
"The B<set_robust_list>() and B<get_robust_list>() system calls return zero "
"when the operation is successful, an error code otherwise."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:83
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:88
msgid "The B<set_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following error:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:89
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:94
msgid ""
"I<len> does not match the size of structure B<struct robust_list_head> "
"expected by kernel."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:93
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:98
msgid "The B<get_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following errors:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:101
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106
msgid ""
"The calling process does not have permission to see the robust futex list of "
"the thread with the thread ID I<pid>, and does not have the "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:101 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:269 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1632 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:459 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:502
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:271 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1765 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ESRCH>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:111
msgid "No thread with the thread ID I<pid> could be found."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:110
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:115
msgid "The head of the robust futex list can't be stored at the location I<head>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:114
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:119
msgid ""
"These system calls were added in Linux 2.6.17. No library support is "
"provided; use B<syscall>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:117
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:124
msgid ""
"These system calls are not needed by normal applications. No support for "
-"them is provided in glibc."
+"them is provided in glibc. In the unlikely event that you want to call them "
+"directly, use B<syscall>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:121
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:128
msgid ""
"A thread can have only one robust futex list; therefore applications that "
"wish to use this functionality should use the robust mutexes provided by "
#. .BR pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np (3)
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:124
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:131
msgid "B<futex>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. http://lwn.net/Articles/172149/
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:130
+#: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:137
msgid ""
-"The kernel source files I<Documentation/robust-futexes.txt> and "
-"I<Documentation/robust-futex-ABI.txt>."
+"I<Documentation/robust-futexes.txt> and "
+"I<Documentation/robust-futex-ABI.txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:25
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
#, no-wrap
-msgid "KEXEC_LOAD"
+msgid "GETUNWIND"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2013-02-13"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
+msgid "getunwind - copy the unwind data to caller's buffer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:34
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
+"B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:36
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<long getunwind(void >I<*buf>B<, size_t >I<buf_size>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
+msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:42
+msgid "I<Note: this function is obsolete.>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:52
+msgid ""
+"The IA-64-specific B<getunwind>() system call copies the kernel's call "
+"frame unwind data into the buffer pointed to by I<buf> and returns the size "
+"of the unwind data; this data describes the gate page (kernel code that is "
+"mapped into user space)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:64
+msgid ""
+"The size of the buffer I<buf> is specified in I<buf_size>. The data is "
+"copied only if I<buf_size> is greater than or equal to the size of the "
+"unwind data and I<buf> is not NULL; otherwise, no data is copied, and the "
+"call succeeds, returning the size that would be needed to store the unwind "
+"data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:68
+msgid ""
+"The first part of the unwind data contains an unwind table. The rest "
+"contains the associated unwind information, in no particular order. The "
+"unwind table contains entries of the following form:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:73
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"\tu64 start; (64-bit address of start of function)\n"
+"\tu64 end; (64-bit address of end of function)\n"
+"\tu64 info; (BUF-relative offset to unwind info)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
+msgid ""
+"An entry whose I<start> value is zero indicates the end of the table. For "
+"more information about the format, see the I<IA-64 Software Conventions and "
+"Runtime Architecture> manual."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
+msgid ""
+"On success, B<getunwind>() returns the size of unwind table. On error, -1 "
+"is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94
+msgid ""
+"B<getunwind>() fails with the error B<EFAULT> if the unwind info can't be "
+"stored in the space specified by I<buf>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96
+msgid "This system call is available since Linux 2.4."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
+msgid ""
+"This system call is Linux specific, and is available only on the IA-64 "
+"architecture."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:107
+msgid ""
+"This system call has been deprecated. The modern way to obtain the kernel's "
+"unwind data is via the gate DSO. The address of the ELF header for this DSO "
+"is passed to user level via B<AT_SYSINFO_EHDR> (see B<getauxval>(3))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
+msgid ""
+"Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; in the unlikely event "
+"that you want to call it, use B<syscall>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
+msgid "B<getauxval>(3)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:25
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2010-11-04"
+msgid "KEXEC_LOAD"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:28
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29
msgid "kexec_load - load a new kernel for later execution"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:30
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:31
msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:32
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:33
msgid ""
"B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long "
">I<nr_segments>B<,>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:35
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:36
msgid "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:40
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:44
msgid ""
"The B<kexec_load>() system call loads a new kernel that can be executed "
"later by B<reboot>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:46
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
msgid ""
"The I<flags> argument is a mask whose high-order bits control the operation "
"of the call. The following values can be specified in I<flags>:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:46
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
msgstr ""
#. FIXME figure out how this is really used
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
msgid "Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.7.27)"
+msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:60
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:64
msgid ""
"Preserve the system hardware and software states before executing the new "
"kernel. This could be used for system suspend. This flag is only available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:80
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:84
msgid ""
"The low-order bits of I<flags> contain the architecture of the "
"to-be-executed kernel. Specify (OR) the constant B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:94
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:98
msgid ""
"The I<entry> argument is the physical entry address in the kernel image. "
"The I<nr_segments> argument is the number of segments pointed to by the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:103
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:107
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct kexec_segment {\n"
#. FIXME elaborate on the following:
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:110
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:114
msgid ""
"The kernel image defined by I<segments> is copied from the calling process "
"into previously reserved memory."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:117
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:121
msgid ""
"On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
"I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:118 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:104 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1595 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:493
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:122 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1728 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EBUSY>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:122
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:126
msgid ""
"Another crash kernel is already being loaded or a crash kernel is already in "
"use."
#. KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX == 16
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:129
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:133
msgid "I<flags> is invalid; or I<nr_segments> is too large"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:134
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138
msgid "The caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:142
msgid "The B<kexec_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.13."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:145
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:149
msgid ""
"Currently, there is no glibc support for B<kexec_load>(). Call it using "
"B<syscall>(2)."
#. FIXME Andi submitted a patch for this.
#. Check if it got accepted later.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:152
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:156
msgid ""
-"The required constants are in the kernel source file I<linux/kexec.h>, which "
-"is not currently exported to glibc. Therefore, these constants must be "
-"defined manually."
+"The required constants are in the Linux kernel source file I<linux/kexec.h>, "
+"which is not currently exported to glibc. Therefore, these constants must "
+"be defined manually."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:155
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159
msgid ""
"This system call is only available if the kernel was configured with "
"B<CONFIG_KEXEC>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:158
+#: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162
msgid "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:260 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134 build/C/man2/splice.2:155 build/C/man2/tee.2:111 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
+#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:262 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138 build/C/man2/splice.2:155 build/C/man2/tee.2:111 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOMEM>"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:472
+#: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ERANGE>"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "MODIFY_LDT"
msgstr ""
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:7
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2007-06-01"
-msgstr ""
-
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:28
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27
msgid "modify_ldt - get or set ldt"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:31
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:33
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:32
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:39
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:41
msgid ""
"B<modify_ldt>() reads or writes the local descriptor table (ldt) for a "
"process. The ldt is a per-process memory management table used by the i386 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:49
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:51
msgid ""
"When I<func> is 0, B<modify_ldt>() reads the ldt into the memory pointed to "
"by I<ptr>. The number of bytes read is the smaller of I<bytecount> and the "
#. In Linux 2.6, func == 2 is a nop, returning a zeroed out structure.
#. Linux 2.4 and 2.6 implement an operation for func == 0x11
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:67
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:69
msgid ""
"When I<func> is 1, B<modify_ldt>() modifies one ldt entry. I<ptr> points "
"to a I<user_desc> structure and I<bytecount> must equal the size of this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:71
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:73
msgid "The I<user_desc> structure is defined in I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> as:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:85
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:87
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct user_desc {\n"
#. outside of the process address space. The memory protection is enforced
#. at the paging layer.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:96
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98
msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:106
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108
msgid ""
"On success, B<modify_ldt>() returns either the actual number of bytes read "
"(for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, B<modify_ldt>() returns -1 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:111
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
msgid "I<ptr> points outside the address space."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:124
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
msgid ""
"I<ptr> is 0, or I<func> is 1 and I<bytecount> is not equal to the size of "
"the structure I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>, or I<func> is 1 and the new ldt entry has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:128
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
msgid "I<func> is neither 0 nor 1."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:131
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133
msgid ""
"This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
"be portable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:134 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
msgid ""
"Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
"B<syscall>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136
+#: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138
msgid "B<vm86>(2)"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:56 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:99 build/C/man2/vm86.2:57
+#: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:56 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105 build/C/man2/vm86.2:57
msgid ""
"On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
"appropriately."
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:28
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "OUTB"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:28
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
#, no-wrap
-msgid "1995-11-29"
+msgid "2012-12-31"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:33
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:31
msgid ""
"outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
"outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - port I/O"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:38
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:34
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:41
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
+"B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
+"B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
+"B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
+"B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
+"B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:48
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
+"B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
+"B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int "
+">I<port>B<);>\n"
+"B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int "
+">I<port>B<);>\n"
+"B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
+"B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:61
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
+"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
+"B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
+"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
+"B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
+"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
+"B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
+"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
+"B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
+"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
+"B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
+"B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:67
msgid ""
"This family of functions is used to do low-level port input and output. The "
"out* functions do port output, the in* functions do port input; the b-suffix "
#. in addition to that given in
#. .BR outb (9).
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:44
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:73
msgid ""
"They are primarily designed for internal kernel use, but can be used from "
"user space."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:49
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:78
msgid ""
-"You compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined as "
-"inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization enabled, "
-"causing unresolved references at link time."
+"You must compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined "
+"as inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization "
+"enabled, causing unresolved references at link time."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:58
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:87
msgid ""
"You use B<ioperm>(2) or alternatively B<iopl>(2) to tell the kernel to "
"allow the user space application to access the I/O ports in question. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:67
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:96
msgid ""
"B<outb>() and friends are hardware-specific. The I<value> argument is "
"passed first and the I<port> argument is passed second, which is the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/outb.2:70
+#: build/C/man2/outb.2:99
msgid "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:5
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
#, no-wrap
msgid "PCICONFIG_READ"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:5
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
#, no-wrap
msgid "2003-07-14"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
msgid ""
"pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci device information "
"handling"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:14
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:18
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:21
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:24
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27
msgid ""
"Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the kernel "
"PCI layer, and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed from "
-"userspace."
+"user space."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:24 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:48
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:51
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<pciconfig_read>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:33
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36
msgid "Reads to I<buf> from device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:33 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:54
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<pciconfig_write>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:42
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45
msgid "Writes from I<buf> to device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:42 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:60
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:47
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50
msgid ""
"You pass it a bus/devfn pair and get a physical address for either the "
"memory offset (for things like prep, this is 0xc0000000), the IO base for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:54 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:60
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
msgid ""
"On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
"appropriately."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:74
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
msgid ""
"Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory "
"according to the I<which> value. Values for I<which> are: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:81
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
msgid "I<len> value is invalid. This does not apply to B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:81 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1612 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:130
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1745 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EIO>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
msgid "I/O error."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENODEV>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:90
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93
msgid ""
"For B<pciconfig_iobase>(), \"hose\" value is NULL. For the other calls, "
"could not find a slot."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:95
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
msgid "The system has not implemented these calls (B<CONFIG_PCI> not defined)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:95
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:102
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105
msgid ""
"This return value is only valid for B<pciconfig_iobase>(). It is returned "
"if the value for I<which> is invalid."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:107
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:110
msgid ""
"User does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability. This does not apply to "
"B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:109
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112
msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:111
+#: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
msgid "B<capabilities>(7)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:30
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
#, no-wrap
-msgid "PERSONALITY"
+msgid "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:30
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2003-01-01"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:33
-msgid "personality - set the process execution domain"
+msgid "2013-02-04"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:35
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30
+msgid "perf_event_open - set up performance monitoring"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:37
-msgid "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:34
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
+"B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:45
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:38
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each "
-"process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal "
-"numbers into signal actions. The execution domain system allows Linux to "
-"provide limited support for binaries compiled under other UNIX-like "
-"operating systems."
+"B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
+"B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
+"B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:55
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:47
msgid ""
-"This function will return the current B<personality>() when I<persona> "
-"equals 0xffffffff. Otherwise, it will make the execution domain referenced "
-"by I<persona> the new execution domain of the calling process."
+"Given a list of parameters, B<perf_event_open>() returns a file descriptor, "
+"for use in subsequent system calls (B<read>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<prctl>(2), "
+"B<fcntl>(2), etc.)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:62
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:55
msgid ""
-"On success, the previous I<persona> is returned. On error, -1 is returned, "
-"and I<errno> is set appropriately."
+"A call to B<perf_event_open>() creates a file descriptor that allows "
+"measuring performance information. Each file descriptor corresponds to one "
+"event that is measured; these can be grouped together to measure multiple "
+"events simultaneously."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:66
-msgid "The kernel was unable to change the personality."
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:62
+msgid ""
+"Events can be enabled and disabled in two ways: via B<ioctl>(2) and via "
+"B<prctl>(2)B<.> When an event is disabled it does not count or generate "
+"overflows but does continue to exist and maintain its count value."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/personality.2:70
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
msgid ""
-"B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
-"intended to be portable."
+"Events come in two flavors: counting and sampled. A I<counting> event is "
+"one that is used for counting the aggregate number of events that occur. In "
+"general, counting event results are gathered with a B<read>(2) call. A "
+"I<sampling> event periodically writes measurements to a buffer that can then "
+"be accessed via B<mmap>(2)B<.>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:7
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
#, no-wrap
-msgid "PIVOT_ROOT"
+msgid "Arguments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
-msgid "pivot_root - change the root file system"
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
+msgid ""
+"The argument I<pid> allows events to be attached to processes in various "
+"ways. If I<pid> is 0, measurements happen on the current thread, if I<pid> "
+"is greater than 0, the process indicated by I<pid> is measured, and if "
+"I<pid> is -1, all processes are counted."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:12
-msgid "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:101
+msgid ""
+"The I<cpu> argument allows measurements to be specific to a CPU. If I<cpu> "
+"is greater than or equal to 0, measurements are restricted to the specified "
+"CPU; if I<cpu> is -1, the events are measured on all CPUs."
msgstr ""
-#
-#. The
-#. .B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
-#. capability is required.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:21
-msgid ""
-"B<pivot_root>() moves the root file system of the calling process to the "
-"directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root file system of the "
-"calling process."
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:107
+msgid "Note that the combination of I<pid> == -1 and I<cpu> == -1 is not valid."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:28
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:115
msgid ""
-"The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
-"system mounts a temporary root file system (e.g., an B<initrd>), then mounts "
-"the real root file system, and eventually turns the latter into the current "
-"root of all relevant processes or threads."
+"A I<pid> E<gt> 0 and I<cpu> == -1 setting measures per-process and follows "
+"that process to whatever CPU the process gets scheduled to. Per-process "
+"events can be created by any user."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:40
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:126
msgid ""
-"B<pivot_root>() may or may not change the current root and the current "
-"working directory of any processes or threads which use the old root "
-"directory. The caller of B<pivot_root>() must ensure that processes with "
-"root or current working directory at the old root operate correctly in "
-"either case. An easy way to ensure this is to change their root and current "
-"working directory to I<new_root> before invoking B<pivot_root>()."
+"A I<pid> == -1 and I<cpu> E<gt>= 0 setting is per-CPU and measures all "
+"processes on the specified CPU. Per-CPU events need the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> "
+"capability or a I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid> value of less than "
+"1."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:58
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:148
msgid ""
-"The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
-"B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
-"B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each process "
-"or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root directory. This is "
-"necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from keeping the old root "
-"directory busy with their root and current working directory, even if they "
-"never access the file system in any way. In the future, there may be a "
-"mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly relinquish any access to the file "
-"system, such that this fairly intrusive mechanism can be removed from "
-"B<pivot_root>()."
+"The I<group_fd> argument allows event groups to be created. An event group "
+"has one event which is the group leader. The leader is created first, with "
+"I<group_fd> = -1. The rest of the group members are created with subsequent "
+"B<perf_event_open>() calls with I<group_fd> being set to the fd of the "
+"group leader. (A single event on its own is created with I<group_fd> = -1 "
+"and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.) An event group is "
+"scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will only be put onto the CPU if all of "
+"the events in the group can be put onto the CPU. This means that the values "
+"of the member events can be meaningfully compared, added, divided (to get "
+"ratios), etc., with each other, since they have counted events for the same "
+"set of executed instructions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:66
-msgid ""
-"Note that this also applies to the calling process: B<pivot_root>() may or "
-"may not affect its current working directory. It is therefore recommended "
-"to call B<chdir(\"/\")> immediately after B<pivot_root>()."
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:152
+msgid "The I<flags> argument takes one of the following values:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:152
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
msgstr ""
+#. FIXME The following sentence is unclear
+#. FIXME So, why is it useful?
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:68
-msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
+msgid ""
+"This flag allows creating an event as part of an event group but having no "
+"group leader. It is unclear why this is useful."
msgstr ""
-#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:68 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:70 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:73 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:77
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
#, no-wrap
-msgid "-"
+msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:70
-msgid "They must be directories."
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:162
+msgid "This flag re-routes the output from an event to the group leader."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:162
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (Since Linux 2.6.39)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:73
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:185
msgid ""
-"I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same file system as the "
-"current root."
+"This flag activates per-container system-wide monitoring. A container is an "
+"abstraction that isolates a set of resources for finer grain control (CPUs, "
+"memory, etc...). In this mode, the event is measured only if the thread "
+"running on the monitored CPU belongs to the designated container (cgroup). "
+"The cgroup is identified by passing a file descriptor opened on its "
+"directory in the cgroupfs filesystem. For instance, if the cgroup to "
+"monitor is called I<test>, then a file descriptor opened on "
+"I</dev/cgroup/test> (assuming cgroupfs is mounted on I</dev/cgroup>) must "
+"be passed as the I<pid> parameter. cgroup monitoring is only available for "
+"system-wide events and may therefore require extra permissions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:77
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:190
msgid ""
-"I<put_old> must be underneath I<new_root>, that is, adding a nonzero number "
-"of I</..> to the string pointed to by I<put_old> must yield the same "
-"directory as I<new_root>."
+"The I<perf_event_attr> structure provides detailed configuration information "
+"for the event being created."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79
-msgid "No other file system may be mounted on I<put_old>."
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:197
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct perf_event_attr {\n"
+" __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
+" __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
+" __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
-msgid "See also B<pivot_root>(8) for additional usage examples."
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:202
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" union {\n"
+" __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
+" __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
+" };\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:90
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:205
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
-"B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the mount "
-"point of that file system is mounted on I<put_old>."
+" __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
+" __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:95
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:231
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, "
+" __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
+" inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
+" pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
+" exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
+" exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
+" exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
+" exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
+" exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
+" mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
+" comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
+" freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
+" inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
+" enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
+" task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
+" watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
+" precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
+" mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
+" sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
+" exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
+" exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
+" exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
+" /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
+" exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
+"\t /* exclude user callchains */\n"
+" __reserved_1 : 41;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:236
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" union {\n"
+" __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
+" __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
+" };\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:238
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:243
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" union {\n"
+" __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
+" __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
+" };\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:253
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" union {\n"
+" __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
+" __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
+" };\n"
+" __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
+" __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
+" __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
+" samples */\n"
+" __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:255
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:261
+msgid ""
+"The fields of the I<perf_event_attr> structure are described in more detail "
+"below:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:261 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1272
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<type>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:265
+msgid ""
+"This field specifies the overall event type. It has one of the following "
+"values:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:266
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
+msgid ""
+"This indicates one of the \"generalized\" hardware events provided by the "
+"kernel. See the I<config> field definition for more details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:277
+msgid ""
+"This indicates one of the software-defined events provided by the kernel "
+"(even if no hardware support is available)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:277
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:281
+msgid ""
+"This indicates a tracepoint provided by the kernel tracepoint "
+"infrastructure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:281
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
+msgid ""
+"This indicates a hardware cache event. This has a special encoding, "
+"described in the I<config> field definition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:291
+msgid ""
+"This indicates a \"raw\" implementation-specific event in the I<config> "
+"field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:291
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
+msgid ""
+"This indicates a hardware breakpoint as provided by the CPU. Breakpoints "
+"can be read/write accesses to an address as well as execution of an "
+"instruction address."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "dynamic PMU"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:315
+msgid ""
+"Since Linux 2.6.39, B<perf_event_open>() can support multiple PMUs. To "
+"enable this, a value exported by the kernel can be used in the I<type> field "
+"to indicate which PMU to use. The value to use can be found in the sysfs "
+"filesystem: there is a subdirectory per PMU instance under "
+"I</sys/bus/event_source/devices>. In each sub-directory there is a I<type> "
+"file whose content is an integer that can be used in the I<type> field. For "
+"instance, I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/type> contains the value for "
+"the core CPU PMU, which is usually 4."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:316 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1588
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<size>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:325
+msgid ""
+"The size of the I<perf_event_attr> structure for forward/backward "
+"compatibility. Set this using I<sizeof(struct perf_event_attr)> to allow "
+"the kernel to see the struct size at the time of compilation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:340
+msgid ""
+"The related define B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0> is set to 64; this was the size of "
+"the first published struct. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER1> is 72, corresponding to "
+"the addition of breakpoints in Linux 2.6.33. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2> is 80 "
+"corresponding to the addition of branch sampling in Linux 3.4. "
+"B<PERF_ATR_SIZE_VER3> is 96 corresponding to the addition of "
+"I<sample_regs_user> and I<sample_stack_user> in Linux 3.7."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:340
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<config>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:351
+msgid ""
+"This specifies which event you want, in conjunction with the I<type> field. "
+"The I<config1> and I<config2> fields are also taken into account in cases "
+"where 64 bits is not enough to fully specify the event. The encoding of "
+"these fields are event dependent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:357
+msgid ""
+"The most significant bit (bit 63) of I<config> signifies CPU-specific (raw) "
+"counter configuration data; if the most significant bit is unset, the next 7 "
+"bits are an event type and the rest of the bits are the event identifier."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:368
+msgid ""
+"There are various ways to set the I<config> field that are dependent on the "
+"value of the previously described I<type> field. What follows are various "
+"possible settings for I<config> separated out by I<type>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:378
+msgid ""
+"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>, we are measuring one of the generalized "
+"hardware CPU events. Not all of these are available on all platforms. Set "
+"I<config> to one of the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:379
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
+msgid "Total cycles. Be wary of what happens during CPU frequency scaling"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
+msgid ""
+"Retired instructions. Be careful, these can be affected by various issues, "
+"most notably hardware interrupt counts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
+msgid ""
+"Cache accesses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache accesses but this "
+"may vary depending on your CPU. This may include prefetches and coherency "
+"messages; again this depends on the design of your CPU."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
+msgid ""
+"Cache misses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache misses; this is "
+"intended to be used in conjunction with the "
+"B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES> event to calculate cache miss rates."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
+msgid ""
+"Retired branch instructions. Prior to Linux 2.6.34, this used the wrong "
+"event on AMD processors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
+msgid "Mispredicted branch instructions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
+msgid "Bus cycles, which can be different from total cycles."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Since Linux 3.0)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
+msgid "Stalled cycles during issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (Since Linux 3.0)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
+msgid "Stalled cycles during retirement."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (Since Linux 3.3)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:422
+msgid "Total cycles; not affected by CPU frequency scaling."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:432
+msgid ""
+"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>, we are measuring software events "
+"provided by the kernel. Set I<config> to one of the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:433
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:436
+msgid "This reports the CPU clock, a high-resolution per-CPU timer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:436
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
+msgid "This reports a clock count specific to the task that is running."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
+msgid "This reports the number of page faults."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
+msgid ""
+"This counts context switches. Until Linux 2.6.34, these were all reported "
+"as user-space events, after that they are reported as happening in the "
+"kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:451
+msgid "This reports the number of times the process has migrated to a new CPU."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:451
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:455
+msgid ""
+"This counts the number of minor page faults. These did not require disk I/O "
+"to handle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:455
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
+msgid ""
+"This counts the number of major page faults. These required disk I/O to "
+"handle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:465
+msgid ""
+"This counts the number of alignment faults. These happen when unaligned "
+"memory accesses happen; the kernel can handle these but it reduces "
+"performance. This only happens on some architectures (never on x86)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:465
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:471
+msgid ""
+"This counts the number of emulation faults. The kernel sometimes traps on "
+"unimplemented instructions and emulates them for user space. This can "
+"negatively impact performance."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:484
+msgid ""
+"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>, then we are measuring kernel "
+"tracepoints. The value to use in I<config> can be obtained from under "
+"debugfs I<tracing/events/*/*/id> if ftrace is enabled in the kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:495
+msgid ""
+"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>, then we are measuring a hardware CPU "
+"cache event. To calculate the appropriate I<config> value use the following "
+"equation:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:500
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
+" (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:505
+msgid "where I<perf_hw_cache_id> is one of:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:506
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:509
+msgid "for measuring Level 1 Data Cache"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:509
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:512
+msgid "for measuring Level 1 Instruction Cache"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:512
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:515
+msgid "for measuring Last-Level Cache"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:515
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:518
+msgid "for measuring the Data TLB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:518
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:521
+msgid "for measuring the Instruction TLB"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:521
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:524
+msgid "for measuring the branch prediction unit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:524
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Since Linux 3.0)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:527
+msgid "for measuring local memory accesses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:532
+msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_id> is one of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:533
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:536
+msgid "for read accesses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:536
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:539
+msgid "for write accesses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:539
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:542
+msgid "for prefetch accesses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:547
+msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_result_id> is one of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:548
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:551
+msgid "to measure accesses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:551
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:554
+msgid "to measure misses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:572
+msgid ""
+"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>, then a custom \"raw\" I<config> value is "
+"needed. Most CPUs support events that are not covered by the "
+"\"generalized\" events. These are implementation defined; see your CPU "
+"manual (for example the Intel Volume 3B documentation or the AMD BIOS and "
+"Kernel Developer Guide). The libpfm4 library can be used to translate from "
+"the name in the architectural manuals to the raw hex value "
+"B<perf_event_open>() expects in this field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:581
+msgid ""
+"If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>, then leave I<config> set to zero. "
+"Its parameters are set in other places."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:582
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:594
+msgid ""
+"A \"sampling\" counter is one that generates an interrupt every N events, "
+"where N is given by I<sample_period>. A sampling counter has "
+"I<sample_period> E<gt> 0. When an overflow interrupt occurs, requested data "
+"is recorded in the mmap buffer. The I<sample_type> field controls what data "
+"is recorded on each interrupt."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:604
+msgid ""
+"I<sample_freq> can be used if you wish to use frequency rather than period. "
+"In this case you set the I<freq> flag. The kernel will adjust the sampling "
+"period to try and achieve the desired rate. The rate of adjustment is a "
+"timer tick."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:604
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sample_type>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:616
+msgid ""
+"The various bits in this field specify which values to include in the "
+"sample. They will be recorded in a ring-buffer, which is available to user "
+"space using B<mmap>(2). The order in which the values are saved in the "
+"sample are documented in the MMAP Layout subsection below; it is not the "
+"I<enum perf_event_sample_format> order."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:617
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:620
+msgid "Records instruction pointer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:620
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:623
+msgid "Records the process and thread IDs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:623
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:626
+msgid "Records a timestamp."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:626
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:629
+msgid "Records an address, if applicable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:629
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:632
+msgid "Record counter values for all events in a group, not just the group leader."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:632
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:635
+msgid "Records the callchain (stack backtrace)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:635
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:638
+msgid "Records a unique ID for the opened event's group leader."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:638
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
+msgid "Records CPU number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:644
+msgid "Records the current sampling period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:644
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
+msgid ""
+"Records a unique ID for the opened event. Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the "
+"actual ID is returned, not the group leader. This ID is the same as the one "
+"returned by PERF_FORMAT_ID."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:655
+msgid ""
+"Records additional data, if applicable. Usually returned by tracepoint "
+"events."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:655
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Since Linux 3.4)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:659
+msgid "Records the branch stack. See branch_sample_type."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:659
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (Since Linux 3.7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:662
+msgid "Records the current register state."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:662
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (Since Linux 3.7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:665 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1786 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1803
+msgid "[To be documented]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:666
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<read_format>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:673
+msgid ""
+"This field specifies the format of the data returned by B<read>(2) on a "
+"B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:674
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:681
+msgid ""
+"Adds the 64-bit I<time_enabled> field. This can be used to calculate "
+"estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:681
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:688
+msgid ""
+"Adds the 64-bit I<time_running> field. This can be used to calculate "
+"estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:688
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:691
+msgid "Adds a 64-bit unique value that corresponds to the event group."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:691
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:694
+msgid "Allows all counter values in an event group to be read with one read."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:695
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<disabled>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:705
+msgid ""
+"The I<disabled> bit specifies whether the counter starts out disabled or "
+"enabled. If disabled, the event can later be enabled by B<ioctl>(2), "
+"B<prctl>(2), or I<enable_on_exec>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:705
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<inherit>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:714
+msgid ""
+"The I<inherit> bit specifies that this counter should count events of child "
+"tasks as well as the task specified. This only applies to new children, not "
+"to any existing children at the time the counter is created (nor to any new "
+"children of existing children)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:719
+msgid ""
+"Inherit does not work for some combinations of I<read_format>s, such as "
+"B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:719
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<pinned>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:732
+msgid ""
+"The I<pinned> bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if "
+"at all possible. It only applies to hardware counters and only to group "
+"leaders. If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because "
+"there are not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some "
+"other event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads "
+"return end-of-file (i.e., B<read>(2) returns 0) until the counter is "
+"subsequently enabled or disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:732
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<exclusive>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:741
+msgid ""
+"The I<exclusive> bit specifies that when this counter's group is on the CPU, "
+"it should be the only group using the CPU's counters. In the future this "
+"may allow monitoring programs to support PMU features that need to run alone "
+"so that they do not disrupt other hardware counters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:741
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<exclude_user>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:744
+msgid "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in user space."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:744
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<exclude_kernel>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:747
+msgid "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in kernel-space."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:747
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<exclude_hv>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:755
+msgid ""
+"If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in the "
+"hypervisor. This is mainly for PMUs that have built-in support for handling "
+"this (such as POWER). Extra support is needed for handling hypervisor "
+"measurements on most machines."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:755
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<exclude_idle>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:758
+msgid "If set, don't count when the CPU is idle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:758
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<mmap>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:763
+msgid "The I<mmap> bit enables recording of exec mmap events."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:763
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<comm>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:774
+msgid ""
+"The I<comm> bit enables tracking of process command name as modified by the "
+"I<exec>(2) and I<prctl>(PR_SET_NAME) system calls. Unfortunately for "
+"tools, there is no way to distinguish one system call versus the other."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:774
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<freq>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:781
+msgid ""
+"If this bit is set, then I<sample_frequency> not I<sample_period> is used "
+"when setting up the sampling interval."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:781
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<inherit_stat>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:788
+msgid ""
+"This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for inherited "
+"tasks. This is only meaningful if the I<inherit> field is set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:788
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<enable_on_exec>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:793
+msgid ""
+"If this bit is set, a counter is automatically enabled after a call to "
+"B<exec>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:793
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<task>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:797
+msgid ""
+"If this bit is set, then fork/exit notifications are included in the ring "
+"buffer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:797
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<watermark>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:805
+msgid ""
+"If set, have a sampling interrupt happen when we cross the "
+"I<wakeup_watermark> boundary. Otherwise interrupts happen after "
+"I<wakeup_events> samples."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:805
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<precise_ip> (Since Linux 2.6.35)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:815
+msgid ""
+"This controls the amount of skid. Skid is how many instructions execute "
+"between an event of interest happening and the kernel being able to stop and "
+"record the event. Smaller skid is better and allows more accurate reporting "
+"of which events correspond to which instructions, but hardware is often "
+"limited with how small this can be."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:817
+msgid "The values of this are the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:818
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "0 -"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:822
+msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> can have arbitrary skid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:822
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "1 -"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:826
+msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have constant skid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:826
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2 -"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:830
+msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> requested to have 0 skid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:830
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "3 -"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:836
+msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have 0 skid. See also B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:837
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<mmap_data> (Since Linux 2.6.36)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:843
+msgid ""
+"The counterpart of the I<mmap> field, but enables including data mmap events "
+"in the ring-buffer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:843
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sample_id_all> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:851
+msgid ""
+"If set, then TID, TIME, ID, CPU, and STREAM_ID can additionally be included "
+"in non-B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>s if the corresponding I<sample_type> is "
+"selected."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:851
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<exclude_host> (Since Linux 3.2)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:854
+msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM host"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:854
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<exclude_guest> (Since Linux 3.2)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:857
+msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM guest"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:857
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (Since Linux 3.7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:860
+msgid "Do not include kernel callchains."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:860
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<exclude_callchain_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:863
+msgid "Do not include user callchains."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:863
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:873
+msgid ""
+"This union sets how many samples (I<wakeup_events>) or bytes "
+"(I<wakeup_watermark>) happen before an overflow signal happens. Which one "
+"is used is selected by the I<watermark> bitflag."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:873
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<bp_type> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:877
+msgid "This chooses the breakpoint type. It is one of:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:878
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:881
+msgid "no breakpoint"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:881
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:884
+msgid "count when we read the memory location"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:884
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:887
+msgid "count when we write the memory location"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:887
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:890
+msgid "count when we read or write the memory location"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:890
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:893
+msgid "count when we execute code at the memory location"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:902
+msgid ""
+"The values can be combined via a bitwise or, but the combination of "
+"B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R> or B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W> with B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X> is not "
+"allowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:903
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<bp_addr> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:910
+msgid ""
+"I<bp_addr> address of the breakpoint. For execution breakpoints this is the "
+"memory address of the instruction of interest; for read and write "
+"breakpoints it is the memory address of the memory location of interest."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:910
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<config1> (Since Linux 2.6.39)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:917
+msgid ""
+"I<config1> is used for setting events that need an extra register or "
+"otherwise do not fit in the regular config field. Raw OFFCORE_EVENTS on "
+"Nehalem/Westmere/SandyBridge use this field on 3.3 and later kernels."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:917
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<bp_len> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:931
+msgid ""
+"I<bp_len> is the length of the breakpoint being measured if I<type> is "
+"B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>. Options are B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1>, "
+"B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_8>. For "
+"an execution breakpoint, set this to I<sizeof(long)>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:931
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<config2> (Since Linux 2.6.39)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:938
+msgid "I<config2> is a further extension of the I<config1> field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:938
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<branch_sample_type> (Since Linux 3.4)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:942
+msgid ""
+"This is used with the CPUs hardware branch sampling, if available. It can "
+"have one of the following values:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:943
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:946
+msgid "Branch target is in user space"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:946
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:949
+msgid "Branch target is in kernel space"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:949
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:952
+msgid "Branch target is in hypervisor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:952
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:955
+msgid "Any branch type."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:955
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:958
+msgid "Any call branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:958
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:961
+msgid "Any return branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:961
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:964
+msgid "Indirect calls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:964
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_PLM_ALL>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:967
+msgid "User, kernel, and hv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:968
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sample_regs_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. FIXME: The following reference seems to be not quite right:
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:974
+msgid ""
+"This defines the set of user registers to dump on samples. See "
+"I<asm/perf_regs.h>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:974
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sample_stack_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:977
+msgid "This defines the size of the user stack to dump on samples."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:977
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Reading results"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:987
+msgid ""
+"Once a B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor has been opened, the values of "
+"the events can be read from the file descriptor. The values that are there "
+"are specified by the I<read_format> field in the I<attr> structure at open "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:992
+msgid ""
+"If you attempt to read into a buffer that is not big enough to hold the data "
+"B<ENOSPC> is returned"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994
+msgid "Here is the layout of the data returned by a read:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: IP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1012 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1552 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1562 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1570 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1576 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1705
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:998
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified to allow reading all events in a group "
+"at once:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1010
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct read_format {\n"
+" u64 nr; /* The number of events */\n"
+" u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
+" u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
+" struct\n"
+" u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
+" u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
+" } values[nr];\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1018
+msgid "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was I<not> specified:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1027
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct read_format {\n"
+" u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
+" u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
+" u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
+" u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1031
+msgid "The values read are as follows:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1031
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<nr>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1037
+msgid ""
+"The number of events in this file descriptor. Only available if "
+"B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1037
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<time_enabled>, I<time_running>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1049
+msgid ""
+"Total time the event was enabled and running. Normally these are the same. "
+"If more events are started than available counter slots on the PMU, then "
+"multiplexing happens and events only run part of the time. In that case the "
+"I<time_enabled> and I<time running> values can be used to scale an estimated "
+"value for the count."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1049
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<value>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1052
+msgid "An unsigned 64-bit value containing the counter result."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1052 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1316 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1451
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<id>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1058
+msgid ""
+"A globally unique value for this particular event, only there if "
+"B<PERF_FORMAT_ID> was specified in I<read_format>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1058
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "MMAP layout"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1068
+msgid ""
+"When using B<perf_event_open>() in sampled mode, asynchronous events (like "
+"counter overflow or B<PROT_EXEC> mmap tracking) are logged into a "
+"ring-buffer. This ring-buffer is created and accessed through B<mmap>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1074
+msgid ""
+"The mmap size should be 1+2^n pages, where the first page is a metadata page "
+"(I<struct perf_event_mmap_page>) that contains various bits of information "
+"such as where the ring-buffer head is."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1077
+msgid ""
+"Before kernel 2.6.39, there is a bug that means you must allocate a mmap "
+"ring buffer when sampling even if you do not plan to access it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1079
+msgid "The structure of the first metadata mmap page is as follows:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1103
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct perf_event_mmap_page {\n"
+" __u32 version; /* version number of this structure */\n"
+" __u32 compat_version; /* lowest version this is compat with */\n"
+" __u32 lock; /* seqlock for synchronization */\n"
+" __u32 index; /* hardware counter identifier */\n"
+" __s64 offset; /* add to hardware counter value */\n"
+" __u64 time_enabled; /* time event active */\n"
+" __u64 time_running; /* time event on CPU */\n"
+" union {\n"
+" __u64 capabilities;\n"
+" __u64 cap_usr_time : 1,\n"
+" cap_usr_rdpmc : 1,\n"
+" };\n"
+" __u16 pmc_width;\n"
+" __u16 time_shift;\n"
+" __u32 time_mult;\n"
+" __u64 time_offset;\n"
+" __u64 __reserved[120]; /* Pad to 1k */\n"
+" __u64 data_head; /* head in the data section */\n"
+" __u64 data_tail; /* user-space written tail */\n"
+"}\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1109
+msgid ""
+"The following looks at the fields in the I<perf_event_mmap_page> structure "
+"in more detail:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1109
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<version>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1112
+msgid "Version number of this structure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1112
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<compat_version>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1115
+msgid "The lowest version this is compatible with."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1115
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<lock>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1118
+msgid "A seqlock for synchronization."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1118
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<index>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1121
+msgid "A unique hardware counter identifier."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1121
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<offset>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. FIXME clarify
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1125
+msgid "Add this to hardware counter value??"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1125
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<time_enabled>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1128
+msgid "Time the event was active."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1128
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<time_running>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1131
+msgid "Time the event was running."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1131
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<cap_usr_time>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
+msgid "User time capability"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<cap_usr_rdpmc>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1139
+msgid ""
+"If the hardware supports user-space read of performance counters without "
+"syscall (this is the \"rdpmc\" instruction on x86), then the following code "
+"can be used to do a read:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1146
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
+"u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
+"u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
+"s64 pmc = 0;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1152
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"do {\n"
+" seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
+" barrier();\n"
+" enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
+" running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1159
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
+" cyc = rdtsc();\n"
+" time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
+" time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
+" time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
+" }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1162
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
+" count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1167
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
+" width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
+" pmc = rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
+" }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1170
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" barrier();\n"
+"} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1172
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<pmc_width>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1179
+msgid ""
+"If I<cap_usr_rdpmc>, this field provides the bit-width of the value read "
+"using the rdpmc or equivalent instruction. This can be used to sign extend "
+"the result like:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1185
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
+"pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
+"count += pmc;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1187
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1194
+msgid ""
+"If I<cap_usr_time>, these fields can be used to compute the time delta since "
+"time_enabled (in nanoseconds) using rdtsc or similar."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1202
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" u64 quot, rem;\n"
+" u64 delta;\n"
+" quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
+" rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
+" delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
+" ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1214
+msgid ""
+"Where I<time_offset>, I<time_mult>, I<time_shift>, and I<cyc> are read in "
+"the seqcount loop described above. This delta can then be added to enabled "
+"and possible running (if idx), improving the scaling:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1222
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" enabled += delta;\n"
+" if (idx)\n"
+" running += delta;\n"
+" quot = count / running;\n"
+" rem = count % running;\n"
+" count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1223
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<data_head>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1229
+msgid ""
+"This points to the head of the data section. The value continuously "
+"increases, it does not wrap. The value needs to be manually wrapped by the "
+"size of the mmap buffer before accessing the samples."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1232
+msgid ""
+"On SMP-capable platforms, after reading the data_head value, user space "
+"should issue an rmb()."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1232
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<data_tail;>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1240
+msgid ""
+"When the mapping is B<PROT_WRITE>, the I<data_tail> value should be written "
+"by user space to reflect the last read data. In this case the kernel will "
+"not over-write unread data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1242
+msgid "The following 2^n ring-buffer pages have the layout described below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1256
+msgid ""
+"If I<perf_event_attr.sample_id_all> is set, then all event types will have "
+"the sample_type selected fields related to where/when (identity) an event "
+"took place (TID, TIME, ID, CPU, STREAM_ID) described in "
+"B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> below, it will be stashed just after the "
+"I<perf_event_header> and the fields already present for the existing fields, "
+"i.e., at the end of the payload. That way a newer perf.data file will be "
+"supported by older perf tools, with these new optional fields being ignored."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1258
+msgid "The mmap values start with a header:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1266
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct perf_event_header {\n"
+" __u32 type;\n"
+" __u16 misc;\n"
+" __u16 size;\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1272
+msgid "Below, we describe the I<perf_event_header> fields in more detail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1281
+msgid ""
+"The I<type> value is one of the below. The values in the corresponding "
+"record (that follows the header) depend on the I<type> selected as shown."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1282
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1289
+msgid ""
+"The MMAP events record the B<PROT_EXEC> mappings so that we can correlate "
+"user-space IPs to code. They have the following structure:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1300
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct {\n"
+" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
+" u32 pid, tid;\n"
+" u64 addr;\n"
+" u64 len;\n"
+" u64 pgoff;\n"
+" char filename[];\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1302
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1305
+msgid "This record indicates when events are lost."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1313
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct {\n"
+" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
+" u64 id;\n"
+" u64 lost;\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1319
+msgid "is the unique event ID for the samples that were lost."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1319
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<lost>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1322
+msgid "is the number of events that were lost."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1323
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1326
+msgid "This record indicates a change in the process name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1334
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct {\n"
+" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
+" u32 pid, tid;\n"
+" char comm[];\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1336
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1339
+msgid "This record indicates a process exit event."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1348 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1376
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct {\n"
+" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
+" u32 pid, ppid;\n"
+" u32 tid, ptid;\n"
+" u64 time;\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1350
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1353
+msgid "This record indicates a throttle/unthrottle event."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1362
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct {\n"
+" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
+" u64 time;\n"
+" u64 id;\n"
+" u64 stream_id;\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1364
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1367
+msgid "This record indicates a fork event."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1378
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1381
+msgid "This record indicates a read event."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1389
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct {\n"
+" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
+" u32 pid, tid;\n"
+" struct read_format values;\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1391
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1394
+msgid "This record indicates a sample."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1422
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct {\n"
+" struct perf_event_header header;\n"
+" u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
+" u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
+" u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
+" u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
+" u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
+" u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
+" u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
+" u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
+" struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
+" u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
+" u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
+" u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
+" char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
+" u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
+" struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
+" /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
+" u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
+" u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
+" /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
+" u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
+" char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
+" u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1424
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<ip>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1430
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> is enabled, then a 64-bit instruction pointer value is "
+"included."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1430
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<pid>, I<tid>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1436
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID> is enabled, then a 32-bit process ID and 32-bit thread "
+"ID are included."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1436
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<time>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1444
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME> is enabled, then a 64-bit timestamp is included. "
+"This is obtained via local_clock() which is a hardware timestamp if "
+"available and the jiffies value if not."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1444
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<addr>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1451
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR> is enabled, then a 64-bit address is included. This "
+"is usually the address of a tracepoint, breakpoint, or software event; "
+"otherwise the value is 0."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1459
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. If the "
+"event is a member of an event group, the group leader ID is returned. This "
+"ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1459
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<stream_id>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1469
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
+"Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the actual ID is returned, not the group leader. "
+"This ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1469
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<cpu>, I<res>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1476
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU> is enabled, this is a 32-bit value indicating which "
+"CPU was being used, in addition to a reserved (unused) 32-bit value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1476
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<period>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1482
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD> is enabled, a 64-bit value indicating the current "
+"sampling period is written."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1482
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<v>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1493
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ> is enabled, a structure of type read_format is "
+"included which has values for all events in the event group. The values "
+"included depend on the I<read_format> value used at B<perf_event_open>() "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1493
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1501
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN> is enabled, then a 64-bit number is included "
+"which indicates how many following 64-bit instruction pointers will follow. "
+"This is the current callchain."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1501
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1508
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW> is enabled, then a 32-bit value indicating size is "
+"included followed by an array of 8-bit values of length size. The values "
+"are padded with 0 to have 64-bit alignment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1513
+msgid ""
+"This RAW record data is opaque with respect to the ABI. The ABI doesn't "
+"make any promises with respect to the stability of its content, it may vary "
+"depending on event, hardware, and kernel version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1513
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1524
+msgid ""
+"If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then a 64-bit value indicating "
+"the number of records is included, followed by I<bnr> I<perf_branch_entry> "
+"structures. These structures have from, to, and flags values indicating the "
+"from and to addresses from the branches on the callstack."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1524
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1530
+msgid "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> is enabled, then [to be documented]."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1536
+msgid ""
+"The I<abi> field is one of B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_NONE>, "
+"B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_32> or B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_64>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1536
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1542
+msgid "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is enabled, then [to be documented]."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1544
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<misc>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1549
+msgid "The I<misc> field contains additional information about the sample."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1554
+msgid ""
+"The CPU mode can be determined from this value by masking with "
+"B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_MASK> and looking for one of the following (note "
+"these are not bit masks, only one can be set at a time):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1555
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1558
+msgid "Unknown CPU mode."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1558
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1561
+msgid "Sample happened in the kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1561
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1564
+msgid "Sample happened in user code."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1564
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
+msgid "Sample happened in the hypervisor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1570
+msgid "Sample happened in the guest kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1570
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1573
+msgid "Sample happened in guest user code."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1576
+msgid "In addition, one of the following bits can be set:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1577
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1585
+msgid ""
+"This indicates that the content of B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> points to the actual "
+"instruction that triggered the event. See also "
+"I<perf_event_attr.precise_ip>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1585
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1588
+msgid "This indicates there is extended data available (currently not used)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1591
+msgid "This indicates the size of the record."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1592
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Signal overflow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1601
+msgid ""
+"Events can be set to deliver a signal when a threshold is crossed. The "
+"signal handler is set up using the B<poll>(2), B<select>(2), B<epoll>(2) "
+"and B<fcntl>(2), system calls."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1605
+msgid ""
+"To generate signals, sampling must be enabled (I<sample_period> must have a "
+"non-zero value)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1607
+msgid "There are two ways to generate signals."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1617
+msgid ""
+"The first is to set a I<wakeup_events> or I<wakeup_watermark> value that "
+"will generate a signal if a certain number of samples or bytes have been "
+"written to the mmap ring buffer. In this case a signal of type B<POLL_IN> "
+"is sent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1629
+msgid ""
+"The other way is by use of the B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH> ioctl. This ioctl "
+"adds to a counter that decrements each time the event overflows. When "
+"non-zero, a B<POLL_IN> signal is sent on overflow, but once the value "
+"reaches 0, a signal is sent of type B<POLL_HUP> and the underlying event is "
+"disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. FIXME(Vince) : Find out when this was introduced
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1635
+msgid ""
+"Note: on newer kernels (definitely noticed with 3.2) a signal is provided "
+"for every overflow, even if I<wakeup_events> is not set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1635
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "rdpmc instruction"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1642
+msgid ""
+"Starting with Linux 3.4 on x86, you can use the I<rdpmc> instruction to get "
+"low-latency reads without having to enter the kernel. Note that using "
+"I<rdpmc> is not necessarily faster than other methods for reading event "
+"values."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1647
+msgid ""
+"Support for this can be detected with the I<cap_usr_rdpmc> field in the mmap "
+"page; documentation on how to calculate event values can be found in that "
+"section."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1647
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "perf_event ioctl calls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1652
+msgid "Various ioctls act on B<perf_event_open>() file descriptors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1652
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1656
+msgid ""
+"Enables the individual event or event group specified by the file descriptor "
+"argument."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1658 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1671 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1699
+msgid "The ioctl argument is ignored."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1658
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1662
+msgid ""
+"Disables the individual counter or event group specified by the file "
+"descriptor argument."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1669
+msgid ""
+"Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the entire "
+"group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the counters in "
+"the group will count. Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than "
+"the leader only affects that counter; disabling a non-leader stops that "
+"counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1671
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1685
+msgid ""
+"Non-inherited overflow counters can use this to enable a counter for a "
+"number of overflows specified by the argument, after which it is disabled. "
+"Subsequent calls of this ioctl add the argument value to the current count. "
+"A signal with B<POLL_IN> set will happen on each overflow until the count "
+"reaches 0; when that happens a signal with POLL_HUP set is sent and the "
+"event is disabled. Using an argument of 0 is considered undefined behavior."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1685
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1697
+msgid ""
+"Reset the event count specified by the file descriptor argumentto zero. "
+"This only resets the counts; there is no way to reset the multiplexing "
+"I<time_enabled> or I<time_running> values. When sent to a group leader, "
+"only the leader is reset (child events are not)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1699
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1703
+msgid ""
+"IOC_PERIOD is the command to update the period; it does not update the "
+"current period but instead defers until next."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1706
+msgid ""
+"The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit value containing the desired new "
+"period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1706
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1711
+msgid ""
+"This tells the kernel to report event notifications to the specified file "
+"descriptor rather than the default one. The file descriptors must all be on "
+"the same CPU."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1714
+msgid ""
+"The argument specifies the desired file descriptor, or -1 if output should "
+"be ignored."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1714
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1717
+msgid "This adds an ftrace filter to this event."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1719
+msgid "The argument is a pointer to the desired ftrace filter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1719
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Using prctl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1732
+msgid ""
+"A process can enable or disable all the event groups that are attached to it "
+"using the B<prctl>(2) B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE> and "
+"B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE> operations. This applies to all counters on "
+"the current process, whether created by this process or by another, and does "
+"not affect any counters that this process has created on other processes. "
+"It only enables or disables the group leaders, not any other members in the "
+"groups."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1732
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "perf_event related configuration files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1735
+msgid "Files in I</proc/sys/kernel/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1736
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1742
+msgid ""
+"The I<perf_event_paranoid> file can be set to restrict access to the "
+"performance counters."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1744
+msgid "2 - only allow user-space measurements"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1746
+msgid "1 - (default) allow both kernel and user measurements"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1748
+msgid "0 - allow access to CPU-specific data but not raw tracepoint samples"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1750
+msgid "-1 - no restrictions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1755
+msgid ""
+"The existence of the I<perf_event_paranoid> file is the official method for "
+"determining if a kernel supports B<perf_event_open>()."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1755
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1764
+msgid ""
+"This sets the maximum sample rate. Setting this too high can allow users to "
+"sample at a rate that impacts overall machine performance and potentially "
+"lock up the machine. The default value is 100000 (samples per second)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1764
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1769
+msgid ""
+"Maximum number of pages an unprivileged user can mlock (2) . The default is "
+"516 (kB)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1772
+msgid "Files in I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1778
+msgid ""
+"Since Linux 2.6.34 the kernel supports having multiple PMUs available for "
+"monitoring. Information on how to program these PMUs can be found under "
+"I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/>. Each subdirectory corresponds to a "
+"different PMU."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1778
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1783
+msgid ""
+"This contains an integer that can be used in the I<type> field of "
+"perf_event_attr to indicate you wish to use this PMU."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1783
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1786
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1791
+msgid ""
+"This sub-directory contains information on what bits in the I<config> field "
+"of perf_event_attr correspond to."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1791
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1800
+msgid ""
+"This sub-directory contains files with pre-defined events. The contents are "
+"strings describing the event settings expressed in terms of the fields found "
+"in the I<./format/> directory. These are not necessarily complete lists of "
+"all events supported by a PMU, but usually a subset of events deemed useful "
+"or interesting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1800
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1810
+msgid ""
+"B<perf_event_open>() returns the new file descriptor, or -1 if an error "
+"occurred (in which case, I<errno> is set appropriately)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1814
+msgid "Returned if the specified event is not available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1814
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<ENOSPC>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1824
+msgid ""
+"Prior to Linux 3.3, if there was not enough room for the event, B<ENOSPC> "
+"was returned. Linus did not like this, and this was changed to B<EINVAL>. "
+"B<ENOSPC> is still returned if you try to read results into too small of a "
+"buffer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1824
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "VERSION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1829
+msgid ""
+"B<perf_event_open>() was introduced in Linux 2.6.31 but was called "
+"B<perf_counter_open>()B<.> It was renamed in Linux 2.6.32."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1834
+msgid ""
+"This B<perf_event_open>() system call Linux- specific and should not be "
+"used in programs intended to be portable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1838
+msgid ""
+"Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
+"B<syscall>(2). See the example below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1844
+msgid ""
+"The official way of knowing if B<perf_event_open>() support is enabled is "
+"checking for the existence of the file "
+"I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1844 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1810
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "BUGS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1851
+msgid ""
+"The B<F_SETOWN_EX> option to B<fcntl>(2) is needed to properly get overflow "
+"signals in threads. This was introduced in Linux 2.6.32."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1859
+msgid ""
+"Prior to Linux 2.6.33 (at least for x86) the kernel did not check if events "
+"could be scheduled together until read time. The same happens on all known "
+"kernels if the NMI watchdog is enabled. This means to see if a given set of "
+"events works you have to B<perf_event_open>(), start, then read before you "
+"know for sure you can get valid measurements."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1863
+msgid ""
+"Prior to Linux 2.6.34 event constraints were not enforced by the kernel. In "
+"that case, some events would silently return \"0\" if the kernel scheduled "
+"them in an improper counter slot."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1866
+msgid ""
+"Prior to Linux 2.6.34 there was a bug when multiplexing where the wrong "
+"results could be returned."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1869
+msgid ""
+"Kernels from Linux 2.6.35 to Linux 2.6.39 can quickly crash the kernel if "
+"\"inherit\" is enabled and many threads are started."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1873
+msgid ""
+"Prior to Linux 2.6.35, B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> did not work with attached "
+"processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1878
+msgid ""
+"In older Linux 2.6 versions, refreshing an event group leader refreshed all "
+"siblings, and refreshing with a parameter of 0 enabled infinite refresh. "
+"This behavior is unsupported and should not be relied on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1884
+msgid ""
+"There is a bug in the kernel code between Linux 2.6.36 and Linux 3.0 that "
+"ignores the \"watermark\" field and acts as if a wakeup_event was chosen if "
+"the union has a non-zero value in it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1889
+msgid ""
+"Always double-check your results! Various generalized events have had wrong "
+"values. For example, retired branches measured the wrong thing on AMD "
+"machines until Linux 2.6.35."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1889 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295 build/C/man2/splice.2:223 build/C/man2/tee.2:130
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "EXAMPLE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1893
+msgid ""
+"The following is a short example that measures the total instruction count "
+"of a call to B<printf>(3)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1902
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1908
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"long\n"
+"perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
+" int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
+"{\n"
+" int ret;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1913
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
+" group_fd, flags);\n"
+" return ret;\n"
+"}\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1920
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"int\n"
+"main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
+"{\n"
+" struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
+" long long count;\n"
+" int fd;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1928
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
+" pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
+" pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
+" pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
+" pe.disabled = 1;\n"
+" pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
+" pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1934
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
+" if (fd == -1) {\n"
+" fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
+" exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+" }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1937
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
+" ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1939
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1942
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
+" read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1944
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1947
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" close(fd);\n"
+"}\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1954
+msgid "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "PERFMONCTL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
+msgid "perfmonctl - interface to IA-64 performance monitoring unit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:34
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
+"B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:36
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int "
+">I<narg>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:47
+msgid ""
+"The IA-64-specific B<perfmonctl>() system call provides an interface to the "
+"PMU (performance monitoring unit). The PMU consists of PMD (performance "
+"monitoring data) registers and PMC (performance monitoring control) "
+"registers, which gather hardware statistics."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:57
+msgid ""
+"B<perfmonctl>() applies the operation I<cmd> to the input arguments "
+"specified by I<arg>. The number of arguments is defined by I<narg>. The "
+"I<fd> argument specifies the perfmon context to operate on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
+msgid "Supported values for I<cmd> are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:65
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT, pfarg_context_t *>I<ctxt>B<, "
+"1);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:67
+msgid "Set up a context."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:74
+msgid ""
+"The I<fd> parameter is ignored. A new perfmon context is created as "
+"specified in I<ctxt> and its file descriptor is returned in "
+"I<ctxt-E<gt>ctx_fd>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:86
+msgid ""
+"The file descriptor can be used in subsequent calls to B<perfmonctl>() and "
+"can be used to read event notifications (type I<pfm_msg_t>) using "
+"B<read>(2). The file descriptor is pollable using B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), "
+"and B<epoll>(7)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
+msgid "The context can be destroyed by calling B<close>(2) on the file descriptor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:95
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
+msgid "Set PMC registers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:101
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. pfm_write_pmds()
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
+msgid "Set PMD registers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:109
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
+msgid "Read PMD registers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_START>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_START, arg, 1);
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:117
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
+msgid "Start monitoring."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_STOP>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:124
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
+msgid "Stop monitoring."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:131
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, "
+"1);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
+msgid "Attach the context to a thread."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:138
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
+msgid "Detach the context from a thread."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_RESTART>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:145
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
+msgid "Restart monitoring after receiving an overflow notification."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:152
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, "
+"1);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:153
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:158
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
+msgid "If I<val> is nonzero, enable debugging mode, otherwise disable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:167
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, "
+"n);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#
+#. .TP
+#. .B PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS
+#
+#. create or modify event sets
+#. .nf
+#. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
+#. .fi
+#. .TP
+#. .B PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS
+#. delete event sets
+#. .nf
+#. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_DELETE_EVTSET, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
+#. .fi
+#. .TP
+#. .B PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS
+#. get information about event sets
+#. .nf
+#. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS, pfarg_setinfo_t *info, n);
+#. .fi
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190
+msgid "Reset PMC registers to default values."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
+msgid ""
+"B<performctl>() returns zero when the operation is successful. On error, "
+"-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the cause of the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199
+msgid "B<perfmonctl>() is available since Linux 2.4."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202
+msgid ""
+"B<perfmonctl>() is Linux specific and is available only on the IA-64 "
+"architecture."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:207
+msgid "B<gprof>(1)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
+msgid "The perfmon2 interface specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "PERSONALITY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2003-01-01"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/personality.2:35
+msgid "personality - set the process execution domain"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/personality.2:37
+msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/personality.2:39
+msgid "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/personality.2:47
+msgid ""
+"Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each "
+"process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal "
+"numbers into signal actions. The execution domain system allows Linux to "
+"provide limited support for binaries compiled under other UNIX-like "
+"operating systems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/personality.2:57
+msgid ""
+"This function will return the current B<personality>() when I<persona> "
+"equals 0xffffffff. Otherwise, it will make the execution domain referenced "
+"by I<persona> the new execution domain of the calling process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/personality.2:64
+msgid ""
+"On success, the previous I<persona> is returned. On error, -1 is returned, "
+"and I<errno> is set appropriately."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/personality.2:68
+msgid "The kernel was unable to change the personality."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/personality.2:72
+msgid ""
+"B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
+"intended to be portable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "PIVOT_ROOT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
+msgid "pivot_root - change the root file system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:15
+msgid "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. The
+#. .B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+#. capability is required.
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:27
+msgid ""
+"B<pivot_root>() moves the root file system of the calling process to the "
+"directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root file system of the "
+"calling process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:34
+msgid ""
+"The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
+"system mounts a temporary root file system (e.g., an B<initrd>), then mounts "
+"the real root file system, and eventually turns the latter into the current "
+"root of all relevant processes or threads."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:46
+msgid ""
+"B<pivot_root>() may or may not change the current root and the current "
+"working directory of any processes or threads which use the old root "
+"directory. The caller of B<pivot_root>() must ensure that processes with "
+"root or current working directory at the old root operate correctly in "
+"either case. An easy way to ensure this is to change their root and current "
+"working directory to I<new_root> before invoking B<pivot_root>()."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:64
+msgid ""
+"The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
+"B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
+"B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each process "
+"or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root directory. This is "
+"necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from keeping the old root "
+"directory busy with their root and current working directory, even if they "
+"never access the file system in any way. In the future, there may be a "
+"mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly relinquish any access to the file "
+"system, such that this fairly intrusive mechanism can be removed from "
+"B<pivot_root>()."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:72
+msgid ""
+"Note that this also applies to the calling process: B<pivot_root>() may or "
+"may not affect its current working directory. It is therefore recommended "
+"to call B<chdir(\"/\")> immediately after B<pivot_root>()."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74
+msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: IP
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "-"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
+msgid "They must be directories."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79
+msgid ""
+"I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same file system as the "
+"current root."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
+msgid ""
+"I<put_old> must be underneath I<new_root>, that is, adding a nonzero number "
+"of I</..> to the string pointed to by I<put_old> must yield the same "
+"directory as I<new_root>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:85
+msgid "No other file system may be mounted on I<put_old>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:89
+msgid "See also B<pivot_root>(8) for additional usage examples."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:96
+msgid ""
+"If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
+"B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the mount "
+"point of that file system is mounted on I<put_old>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101
+msgid ""
+"I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, "
"I</proc/mounts> will show the mount point of the file system containing "
"I<new_root> as root (I</>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:104
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
msgid ""
"B<pivot_root>() may return (in I<errno>) any of the errors returned by "
"B<stat>(2). Additionally, it may return:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:108
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
msgid ""
"I<new_root> or I<put_old> are on the current root file system, or a file "
"system is already mounted on I<put_old>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:111
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
msgid "I<put_old> is not underneath I<new_root>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:111
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOTDIR>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
msgid "I<new_root> or I<put_old> is not a directory."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:119
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
msgid "The calling process does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:122
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128
msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
msgid "B<pivot_root>() is Linux-specific and hence is not portable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1675
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "BUGS"
-msgstr ""
-
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:132
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:138
msgid ""
"B<pivot_root>() should not have to change root and current working "
"directory of all other processes in the system."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:137
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
msgid ""
"Some of the more obscure uses of B<pivot_root>() may quickly lead to "
"insanity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
+#: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
msgid "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:27
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "PROCESS_VM_READV"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:27
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "2012-04-25"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32
msgid ""
"process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - transfer data between process address "
"spaces"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:33
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:35
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:40
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:42
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:47
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:49
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:55
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:57
msgid ""
"These system calls transfer data between the address space of the calling "
"process (\"the local process\") and the process identified by I<pid> (\"the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:80
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:82
msgid ""
"The B<process_vm_readv>() system call transfers data from the remote "
"process to the local process. The data to be transferred is identified by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:94
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:96
msgid ""
"The B<process_vm_writev>() system call is the converse of "
"B<process_vm_readv>()\\(emit transfers data from the local process to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:104
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:106
msgid ""
"The I<local_iov> and I<remote_iov> arguments point to an array of I<iovec> "
"structures, defined in I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> as:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:111
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:113
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct iovec {\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:127
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:129
msgid ""
"Buffers are processed in array order. This means that B<process_vm_readv>() "
"completely fills I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:138
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:140
msgid ""
"Similarly, B<process_vm_writev>() writes out the entire contents of "
"I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and it completely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:146
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:148
msgid ""
"The lengths of I<remote_iov[i].iov_len> and I<local_iov[i].iov_len> do not "
"have to be the same. Thus, it is possible to split a single local buffer "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:150
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:152
msgid "The I<flags> argument is currently unused and must be set to 0."
msgstr ""
#. In time, glibc might provide a wrapper that works around this limit,
#. as is done for readv()/writev()
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:163
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:165
msgid ""
"The values specified in the I<liovcnt> and I<riovcnt> arguments must be less "
"than or equal to B<IOV_MAX> (defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> or accessible "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:173
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:175
msgid ""
"The count arguments and I<local_iov> are checked before doing any "
"transfers. If the counts are too big, or I<local_iov> is invalid, or the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:193
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:195
msgid ""
"Note, however, that these system calls do not check the memory regions in "
"the remote process until just before doing the read/write. Consequently, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:207
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:209
msgid ""
"In order to read from or write to another process, either the caller must "
"have the capability B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>, or the real user ID, effective user "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:223
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
msgid ""
"On success, B<process_vm_readv>() returns the number of bytes read and "
"B<process_vm_writev>() returns the number of bytes written. This return "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:227
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:229
msgid "On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:239
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
msgid ""
"The sum of the I<iov_len> values of either I<local_iov> or I<remote_iov> "
"overflows a I<ssize_t> value."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:243
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
msgid "I<flags> is not 0."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:249
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:251
msgid "I<liovcnt> or I<riovcnt> is too large."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:254
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:256
msgid ""
"The memory described by I<local_iov> is outside the caller's accessible "
"address space."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:260
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:262
msgid ""
"The memory described by I<remote_iov> is outside the accessible address "
"space of the process I<pid>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:265
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267
msgid "Could not allocate memory for internal copies of the I<iovec> structures."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:269
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:271
msgid ""
"The caller does not have permission to access the address space of the "
"process I<pid>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:274
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:276
msgid "No process with ID I<pid> exists."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:277
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279
msgid ""
"These system calls were added in Linux 3.2. Support is provided in glibc "
"since version 2.15."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:281
msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:285
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287
msgid ""
"The data transfers performed by B<process_vm_readv>() and "
"B<process_vm_writev>() are not guaranteed to be atomic in any way."
#. See also some benchmarks at http://lwn.net/Articles/405284/
#. and http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=130105930902915&w=2
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:293
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
msgid ""
"These system calls were designed to permit fast message passing by allowing "
"messages to be exchanged with a single copy operation (rather than the "
"pipes)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:293 build/C/man2/splice.2:223 build/C/man2/tee.2:130
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "EXAMPLE"
-msgstr ""
-
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:301
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:303
msgid ""
"The following code sample demonstrates the use of B<process_vm_readv>(). It "
"reads 20 bytes at the address 0x10000 from the process with PID 10 and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:304
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:306
#, no-wrap
msgid "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:314
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:316
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:321
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:323
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:328
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:330
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:332
+#: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:334
msgid "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
#, no-wrap
msgid "PTRACE"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2012-04-26"
+msgid "2013-02-16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:52
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
msgid "ptrace - process trace"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:55
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:50
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:58
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:53
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:67
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:62
msgid ""
"The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which one process (the "
"\"tracer\") may observe and control the execution of another process (the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:78
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:73
msgid ""
"A tracee first needs to be attached to the tracer. Attachment and "
"subsequent commands are per thread: in a multithreaded process, every thread "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:80
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:75
#, no-wrap
msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:84
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:79
msgid "where I<pid> is the thread ID of the corresponding Linux thread."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:90
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:85
msgid ""
"(Note that in this page, a \"multithreaded process\" means a thread group "
"consisting of threads created using the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_THREAD> flag.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:99
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:96
msgid ""
"A process can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
"resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an "
"B<execve>(2). Alternatively, one process may commence tracing another "
-"process using B<PTRACE_ATTACH>."
+"process using B<PTRACE_ATTACH> or B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:116
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:113
msgid ""
"While being traced, the tracee will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
"even if the signal is being ignored. (An exception is B<SIGKILL>, which has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:126
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:123
msgid ""
"If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is not in effect, all successful calls "
"to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause it to be sent a B<SIGTRAP> "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:130
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:127
msgid ""
"When the tracer is finished tracing, it can cause the tracee to continue "
"executing in a normal, untraced mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:134
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
msgid "The value of I<request> determines the action to be performed:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:134
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:144
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:141
msgid ""
"Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. A process "
"probably shouldn't make this request if its parent isn't expecting to trace "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:157
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
msgid ""
"The B<PTRACE_TRACEME> request is used only by the tracee; the remaining "
"requests are used only by the tracer. In the following requests, I<pid> "
"specifies the thread ID of the tracee to be acted on. For requests other "
-"than B<PTRACE_ATTACH> and B<PTRACE_KILL>, the tracee must be stopped."
+"than B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
+"B<PTRACE_KILL>, the tracee must be stopped."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:157
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:168
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
msgid ""
"Read a word at the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory, returning the "
"word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have separate "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:168
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
msgstr ""
#. PTRACE_PEEKUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
#. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:186
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
msgid ""
"Read a word at offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area, which holds the "
"registers and other information about the process (see "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:186
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:198
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
msgid ""
"Copy the word I<data> to the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory. As for "
"B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT> and B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, these two requests are currently "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:198
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
msgstr ""
#. PTRACE_POKEUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_POKEUSER,
#. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
#. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
-#. and when they are disallowed, how does userspace discover that fact?
+#. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:214
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
msgid ""
"Copy the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area. As for "
"B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:214
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:233
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
msgid ""
"Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
"to the address I<data> in the tracer. See I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> for "
"information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that "
"SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, "
-"I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied to the address I<addr>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:233
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:245
-msgid ""
-"Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copy a "
-"I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the tracee to the address "
-"I<data> in the tracer. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:245
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
-#. and when they are disallowed, how does userspace discover that fact?
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:266
-msgid ""
-"Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
-"from the address I<data> in the tracer. As for B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some "
-"general-purpose register modifications may be disallowed. (I<addr> is "
-"ignored.) Note that SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> "
-"reversed; that is, I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied from the "
-"address I<addr>."
+"I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied to the address I<addr>. "
+"B<PTRACE_GETREGS> and B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS> are not present on all "
+"architectures."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:266
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
+msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:282
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
msgid ""
-"Set signal information: copy a I<siginfo_t> structure from the address "
-"I<data> in the tracer to the tracee. This will affect only signals that "
-"would normally be delivered to the tracee and were caught by the tracer. It "
-"may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
-"generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
+"Read the tracee's registers. I<addr> specifies, in an "
+"architecture-dependent way, the type of registers to be read. "
+"B<NT_PRSTATUS> (with numerical value 1) usually results in reading of "
+"general-purpose registers. If the CPU has, for example, floating-point "
+"and/or vector registers, they can be retrieved by setting I<addr> to the "
+"corresponding B<NT_foo> constant. I<data> points to a B<struct iovec>, "
+"which describes the destination buffer's location and length. On return, "
+"the kernel modifies B<iov.len> to indicate the actual number of bytes "
+"returned."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:282
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
+msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:291
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:269
msgid ""
-"Set ptrace options from I<data>. (I<addr> is ignored.) I<data> is "
-"interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by the following "
-"flags:"
+"Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copy a "
+"I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the tracee to the address "
+"I<data> in the tracer. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:292
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:269
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (since Linux 2.4.6)"
+msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
msgstr ""
+#. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
+#. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:301
-msgid ""
-"When delivering system call traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
-"deliver I<SIGTRAP|0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to distinguish "
-"normal traps from those caused by a system call. (B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
-"may not work on all architectures.)"
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:294
+msgid ""
+"Modify the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, "
+"respectively, from the address I<data> in the tracer. As for "
+"B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general-purpose register modifications may be "
+"disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that SPARC systems have the meaning "
+"of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, I<data> is ignored and the "
+"registers are copied from the address I<addr>. B<PTRACE_SETREGS> and "
+"B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS> are not present on all architectures."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:301
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:294
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
+msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:313
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
msgid ""
-"Stop the tracee at the next B<fork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
-"newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
-"by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
+"Modify the tracee's registers. The meaning of I<addr> and I<data> is "
+"analogous to B<PTRACE_GETREGSET>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:316
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
#, no-wrap
-msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
+msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:320 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:339 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:358
-msgid "The PID of the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
+msgid ""
+"Set signal information: copy a I<siginfo_t> structure from the address "
+"I<data> in the tracer to the tracee. This will affect only signals that "
+"would normally be delivered to the tracee and were caught by the tracer. It "
+"may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
+"generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:320
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
+msgid "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:332
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:328
msgid ""
-"Stop the tracee at the next B<vfork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
-"newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
-"by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
+"Set ptrace options from I<data>. (I<addr> is ignored.) I<data> is "
+"interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by the following "
+"flags:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:335
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:329
#, no-wrap
-msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
+msgid "B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. commit 992fb6e170639b0849bace8e49bf31bd37c4123
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:337
+msgid ""
+"If a tracer sets this flag, a B<SIGKILL> signal will be sent to every tracee "
+"if the tracer exits. This option is useful for ptrace jailers that want to "
+"ensure that tracees can never escape the tracer's control."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:339
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:337
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:351
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:349
msgid ""
"Stop the tracee at the next B<clone>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
"newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:354
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:352
#, no-wrap
msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:379
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:356 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:437 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:465
+msgid "The PID of the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:377
msgid ""
"This option may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the tracee "
"calls B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:379
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:377
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:388
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:386
msgid ""
"Stop the tracee at the next B<execve>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer "
"will return a I<status> value such that"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:391
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:389
#, no-wrap
msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:397
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:395
msgid ""
"If the execing thread is not a thread group leader, the thread ID is reset "
"to thread group leader's ID before this stop. Since Linux 3.0, the former "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:397
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:395
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
+msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:403
+msgid ""
+"Stop the tracee at exit. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a "
+"I<status> value such that"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:406
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:410
+msgid "The tracee's exit status can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:418
msgid ""
-"Stop the tracee at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) "
+"The tracee is stopped early during process exit, when registers are still "
+"available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred, whereas the "
+"normal exit notification is done after the process is finished exiting. "
+"Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from "
+"happening at this point."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:418
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:430
+msgid ""
+"Stop the tracee at the next B<fork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
+"newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
"by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:409
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:433
#, no-wrap
-msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
+msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:437
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (since Linux 2.4.6)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:413
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:446
msgid ""
-"The PID of the new process can (since Linux 2.6.18) be retrieved with "
-"B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
+"When delivering system call traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
+"deliver I<SIGTRAP|0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to distinguish "
+"normal traps from those caused by a system call. (B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
+"may not work on all architectures.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:413
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:446
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
+msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:421
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:458
msgid ""
-"Stop the tracee at exit. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a "
-"I<status> value such that"
+"Stop the tracee at the next B<vfork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
+"newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
+"by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:424
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:461
#, no-wrap
-msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
+msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:465
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:428
-msgid "The tracee's exit status can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:474
+msgid ""
+"Stop the tracee at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) "
+"by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:477
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:436
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:481
msgid ""
-"The tracee is stopped early during process exit, when registers are still "
-"available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred, whereas the "
-"normal exit notification is done after the process is finished exiting. "
-"Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from "
-"happening at this point."
+"The PID of the new process can (since Linux 2.6.18) be retrieved with "
+"B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:437
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:482
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:457
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:502
msgid ""
"Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
"just happened, placing it at the address I<data> in the tracer. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:457
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:502
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:469
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:514
msgid ""
"Restart the stopped tracee process. If I<data> is nonzero, it is "
"interpreted as the number of a signal to be delivered to the tracee; "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:469
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:514
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:493
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:538
msgid ""
"Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arrange for the tracee "
"to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or after "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:493
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:538
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
msgstr ""
+#. As at 3.7
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:511
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:559
msgid ""
"For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next system call, "
"which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
"but also singlestep if not a system call. This call is used by programs "
"like User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the tracee's system calls. "
-"The I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored; "
-"not supported on all architectures.)"
+"The I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. The I<addr> argument "
+"is ignored. These requests are currently supported only on x86."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:559
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:570
+msgid ""
+"Restart the stopped tracee, but prevent it from executing. The resulting "
+"state of the tracee is similar to a process which has been stopped by a "
+"B<SIGSTOP> (or other stopping signal). See the \"group-stop\" subsection "
+"for additional information. B<PTRACE_LISTEN> only works on tracees attached "
+"by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:511
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:570
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:520
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:579
msgid ""
"Send the tracee a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
"ignored.)"
#. deprecation suggested by Oleg Nesterov. He prefers to deprecate it
#. instead of describing (and needing to support) PTRACE_KILL's quirks.]
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:539
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:598
msgid ""
"I<This operation is deprecated; do not use it!> Instead, send a B<SIGKILL> "
"directly using B<kill>(2) or B<tgkill>(2). The problem with B<PTRACE_KILL> "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:539
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:598
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:612
+msgid ""
+"Stop a tracee. If the tracee is running, it will stop with "
+"B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. If the tracee is already stopped by a signal, or "
+"receives a signal in parallel with B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, it may report a "
+"group-stop or a signal-delivery-stop instead of B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. "
+"B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> only works on tracees attached by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:612
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
msgstr ""
#. .BR getppid (2)
#. by the tracee will still return the PID of the original parent.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:567
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:640
msgid ""
"Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
"process. The tracee is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not necessarily have "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:567
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:640
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:660
+msgid ""
+"Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
+"process. Unlike B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the "
+"process. Only a B<PTRACE_SEIZE>d process can accept B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
+"B<PTRACE_LISTEN> commands. I<addr> must be zero. I<data> contains a bit "
+"mask of ptrace options to activate immediately."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:660
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:576
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:669
msgid ""
"Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detach from it. "
"Under Linux, a tracee can be detached in this way regardless of which method "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:576
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:669
#, no-wrap
msgid "Death under ptrace"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:585
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:678
msgid ""
"When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a killing signal (one whose "
"disposition is set to B<SIG_DFL> and whose default action is to kill the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:594
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:687
msgid ""
"Note that the killing signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
"tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:608
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:699
msgid ""
-"B<SIGKILL> operates similarly, with exceptions. No signal-delivery-stop is "
-"generated for B<SIGKILL> and therefore the tracer can't suppress it. "
-"B<SIGKILL> kills even within system calls (syscall-exit-stop is not "
-"generated prior to death by B<SIGKILL>). The net effect is that B<SIGKILL> "
-"always kills the process (all its threads), even if some threads of the "
-"process are ptraced."
+"B<SIGKILL> does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore the tracer "
+"can't suppress it. B<SIGKILL> kills even within system calls "
+"(syscall-exit-stop is not generated prior to death by B<SIGKILL>). The net "
+"effect is that B<SIGKILL> always kills the process (all its threads), even "
+"if some threads of the process are ptraced."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:613
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:704
msgid ""
"When the tracee calls B<_exit>(2), it reports its death to its tracer. "
"Other threads are not affected."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:617
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:708
msgid ""
"When any thread executes B<exit_group>(2), every tracee in its thread group "
"reports its death to its tracer."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:631
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:722
msgid ""
"If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option is on, B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> will happen "
"before actual death. This applies to exits via B<exit>(2), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:656
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:747
msgid ""
"The tracer cannot assume that the ptrace-stopped tracee exists. There are "
"many scenarios when the tracee may die while stopped (such as B<SIGKILL>). "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:670
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:761
msgid ""
"The tracer can't assume that the tracee I<always> ends its life by reporting "
"I<WIFEXITED(status)> or I<WIFSIGNALED(status)>; there are cases where this "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:670
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:761
#, no-wrap
msgid "Stopped states"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:672
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:763
msgid "A tracee can be in two states: running or stopped."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:676
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:767
msgid ""
"There are many kinds of states when the tracee is stopped, and in ptrace "
"discussions they are often conflated. Therefore, it is important to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:687
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:778
msgid ""
"In this manual page, any stopped state in which the tracee is ready to "
"accept ptrace commands from the tracer is called I<ptrace-stop>. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:692
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:783
msgid ""
"When the running tracee enters ptrace-stop, it notifies its tracer using "
"B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the other \"wait\" system calls). Most of this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:694
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:785
#, no-wrap
msgid " pid = waitpid(pid_or_minus_1, &status, __WALL);\n"
msgstr ""
#. rules different if user wants to use waitid? Will waitid require
#. WEXITED?
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:706
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:797
msgid ""
"Ptrace-stopped tracees are reported as returns with I<pid> greater than 0 "
"and I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:714
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:805
msgid ""
"The B<__WALL> flag does not include the B<WSTOPPED> and B<WEXITED> flags, "
"but implies their functionality."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:721
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:812
msgid ""
"Setting the B<WCONTINUED> flag when calling B<waitpid>(2) is not "
"recommended: the \"continued\" state is per-process and consuming it can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:729
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:820
msgid ""
"Use of the B<WNOHANG> flag may cause B<waitpid>(2) to return 0 (\"no wait "
"results available yet\") even if the tracer knows there should be a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:733
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:829
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-" kill(tracee, SIGKILL);\n"
-" waitpid(tracee, &status, __WALL | WNOHANG);\n"
+" errno = 0;\n"
+" ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0L, 0L);\n"
+" if (errno == ESRCH) {\n"
+" /* tracee is dead */\n"
+" r = waitpid(tracee, &status, __WALL | WNOHANG);\n"
+" /* r can still be 0 here! */\n"
+" }\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:756
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:852
msgid ""
"The following kinds of ptrace-stops exist: signal-delivery-stops, "
"group-stops, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops, syscall-stops. They all are reported by "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:756
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:852
#, no-wrap
msgid "Signal-delivery-stop"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:776
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:872
msgid ""
"When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives any signal except "
"B<SIGKILL>, the kernel selects an arbitrary thread which handles the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:790
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:886
msgid ""
"Signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
"with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the signal returned by "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:790
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:886
#, no-wrap
msgid "Signal injection and suppression"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:793
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:889
msgid ""
"After signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer, the tracer should "
"restart the tracee with the call"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:795
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:891
#, no-wrap
msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, sig)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:808
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:904
msgid ""
"where B<PTRACE_restart> is one of the restarting ptrace requests. If I<sig> "
"is 0, then a signal is not delivered. Otherwise, the signal I<sig> is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:814
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:910
msgid ""
"The I<sig> value may be different from the I<WSTOPSIG(status)> value: the "
"tracer can cause a different signal to be injected."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:830
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:926
msgid ""
"Note that a suppressed signal still causes system calls to return "
"prematurely. In this case system calls will be restarted: the tracer will "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:841
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:937
msgid ""
"Restarting ptrace commands issued in ptrace-stops other than "
"signal-delivery-stop are not guaranteed to inject a signal, even if I<sig> "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:848
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:944
msgid ""
"The fact that signal injection requests may be ignored when restarting the "
"tracee after ptrace stops that are not signal-delivery-stops is a cause of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:850
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:946
#, no-wrap
-msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_rest, pid, 0, stopsig)\n"
+msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, stopsig)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:856
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:952
msgid ""
"with the intention of injecting I<stopsig>, but I<stopsig> gets ignored and "
"the tracee continues to run."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:876
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:972
msgid ""
"The B<SIGCONT> signal has a side effect of waking up (all threads of) a "
"group-stopped process. This side effect happens before "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:880
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:976
msgid ""
"Stopping signals cause (all threads of) a process to enter group-stop. This "
"side effect happens after signal injection, and therefore can be suppressed "
#. if (signr == SIGSTOP)
#. continue;
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:890
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:986
msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, the B<SIGSTOP> signal can't be injected."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:907
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1003
msgid ""
"B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> can be used to retrieve a I<siginfo_t> structure which "
"corresponds to the delivered signal. B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> may be used to "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:907
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1003
#, no-wrap
msgid "Group-stop"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:919
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1015
msgid ""
"When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a stopping signal, all "
"threads stop. If some threads are traced, they enter a group-stop. Note "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:928
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1024
msgid ""
"Group-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning with "
"I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the stopping signal available via "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:930
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1026
#, no-wrap
msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:951
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1047
msgid ""
"The call can be avoided if the signal is not B<SIGSTOP>, B<SIGTSTP>, "
"B<SIGTTIN>, or B<SIGTTOU>; only these four signals are stopping signals. If "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:960
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1056
msgid ""
-"As of kernel 2.6.38, after the tracer sees the tracee ptrace-stop and until "
+"As of Linux 2.6.38, after the tracer sees the tracee ptrace-stop and until "
"it restarts or kills it, the tracee will not run, and will not send "
"notifications (except B<SIGKILL> death) to the tracer, even if the tracer "
"enters into another B<waitpid>(2) call."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:974
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1070
msgid ""
"The kernel behavior described in the previous paragraph causes a problem "
"with transparent handling of stopping signals. If the tracer restarts the "
"signals to have no effect on the tracee."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1081
+msgid ""
+"Since Linux 3.4, there is a method to overcome this problem: instead of "
+"B<PTRACE_CONT>, a B<PTRACE_LISTEN> command can be used to restart a tracee "
+"in a way where it does not execute, but waits for a new event which it can "
+"report via B<waitpid>(2) (such as when it is restarted by a B<SIGCONT>)."
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:974
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1081
#, no-wrap
msgid "PTRACE_EVENT stops"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:980
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1087
msgid ""
"If the tracer sets B<PTRACE_O_TRACE_*> options, the tracee will enter "
"ptrace-stops called B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:994
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1101
msgid ""
"B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops are observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
"with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)>, and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns B<SIGTRAP>. An "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:996
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1103
#, no-wrap
msgid " (SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_foo E<lt>E<lt> 8).\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:998
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1105
msgid "The following events exist:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:998
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1105
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1011
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1118
msgid ""
"Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
"flag. When the tracee is continued after this stop, it will wait for child "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1011
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1118
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1019
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1126
msgid ""
"Stop before return from B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set "
"to B<SIGCHLD>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1019
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1126
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1023
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1130
msgid "Stop before return from B<clone>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1023
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1130
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1033
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1140
msgid ""
"Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
"flag, but after the child unblocked this tracee by exiting or execing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1039
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1146
msgid ""
"For all four stops described above, the stop occurs in the parent (i.e., the "
"tracee), not in the newly created thread. B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> can be used "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1039
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1146
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1046
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1153
msgid ""
"Stop before return from B<execve>(2). Since Linux 3.0, "
"B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the former thread ID."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1046
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1153
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1062
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1169
msgid ""
"Stop before exit (including death from B<exit_group>(2)), signal death, or "
"exit caused by B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process. "
"be B<PTRACE_CONT>ed or B<PTRACE_DETACH>ed to finish exiting."
msgstr ""
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1169
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1074
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1174
+msgid "Stop induced by B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1186
msgid ""
"B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in "
"I<si_signo>, with I<si_code> set to I<(eventE<lt>E<lt>8)\\ |\\ SIGTRAP>."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1074
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1186
#, no-wrap
msgid "Syscall-stops"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1087
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1199
msgid ""
"If the tracee was restarted by B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters "
"syscall-enter-stop just prior to entering any system call. If the tracer "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1101
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1213
msgid ""
"Other possibilities are that the tracee may stop in a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, "
"exit (if it entered B<_exit>(2) or B<exit_group>(2)), be killed by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1116
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1228
msgid ""
"Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are observed by the tracer as "
"B<waitpid>(2) returning with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1122
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1234
msgid ""
"Syscall-stops can be distinguished from signal-delivery-stop with B<SIGTRAP> "
"by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for the following cases:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1122
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1234
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<si_code> E<lt>= 0"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1134
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
msgid ""
-"B<SIGTRAP> was delivered as a result of a userspace action, for example, a "
+"B<SIGTRAP> was delivered as a result of a user-space action, for example, a "
"system call (B<tgkill>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), etc.), expiration of "
"a POSIX timer, change of state on a POSIX message queue, or completion of an "
"asynchronous I/O request."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1134
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<si_code> == SI_KERNEL (0x80)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1138
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1250
msgid "B<SIGTRAP> was sent by the kernel."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1138
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1250
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<si_code> == SIGTRAP or I<si_code> == (SIGTRAP|0x80)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1141
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1253
msgid "This is a syscall-stop."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1146
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1258
msgid ""
"However, syscall-stops happen very often (twice per system call), and "
"performing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for every syscall-stop may be somewhat "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1169
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1281
msgid ""
"Some architectures allow the cases to be distinguished by examining "
"registers. For example, on x86, I<rax> == -B<ENOSYS> in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1175
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1287
msgid ""
"Using the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option is the recommended method to "
"distinguish syscall-stops from other kinds of ptrace-stops, since it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1186
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1298
msgid ""
"Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are indistinguishable from each "
"other by the tracer. The tracer needs to keep track of the sequence of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1191
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1303
msgid ""
"If after syscall-enter-stop, the tracer uses a restarting command other than "
"B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, syscall-exit-stop is not generated."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1203
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1315
msgid ""
"B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on syscall-stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in I<si_signo>, "
"with I<si_code> set to B<SIGTRAP> or I<(SIGTRAP|0x80)>."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1203
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1315
#, no-wrap
msgid "PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU, PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP stops"
msgstr ""
#. document stops occurring with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU,
#. PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1209
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1321
msgid "[Details of these kinds of stops are yet to be documented.]"
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1209
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1321
#, no-wrap
msgid "Informational and restarting ptrace commands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1217
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1331
msgid ""
-"Most ptrace commands (all except B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, and "
-"B<PTRACE_KILL>) require the tracee to be in a ptrace-stop, otherwise they "
-"fail with B<ESRCH>."
+"Most ptrace commands (all except B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, "
+"B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and B<PTRACE_KILL>) require the "
+"tracee to be in a ptrace-stop, otherwise they fail with B<ESRCH>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1222
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1336
msgid ""
"When the tracee is in ptrace-stop, the tracer can read and write data to the "
"tracee using informational commands. These commands leave the tracee in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1232
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1348
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT/PEEKDATA/PEEKUSER, pid, addr, 0);\n"
" ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT/POKEDATA/POKEUSER, pid, addr, long_val);\n"
" ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS/GETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
" ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS/SETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
+" ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
+" ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
" ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
" ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
" ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, 0, &long_var);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1244
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1360
msgid ""
"Note that some errors are not reported. For example, setting signal "
"information (I<siginfo>) may have no effect in some ptrace-stops, yet the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1362
msgid "The call"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1248
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1364
#, no-wrap
msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1257
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1373
msgid ""
"affects one tracee. The tracee's current flags are replaced. Flags are "
"inherited by new tracees created and \"auto-attached\" via active "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1260
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1376
msgid ""
"Another group of commands makes the ptrace-stopped tracee run. They have "
"the form:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1262
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1378
#, no-wrap
msgid " ptrace(cmd, pid, 0, sig);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1282
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1399
msgid ""
-"where I<cmd> is B<PTRACE_CONT>, B<PTRACE_DETACH>, B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, "
-"B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, or B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>. If "
-"the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, I<sig> is the signal to be injected "
-"(if it is nonzero). Otherwise, I<sig> may be ignored. (When restarting a "
-"tracee from a ptrace-stop other than signal-delivery-stop, recommended "
-"practice is to always pass 0 in I<sig>.)"
+"where I<cmd> is B<PTRACE_CONT>, B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, B<PTRACE_DETACH>, "
+"B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, or "
+"B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, "
+"I<sig> is the signal to be injected (if it is nonzero). Otherwise, I<sig> "
+"may be ignored. (When restarting a tracee from a ptrace-stop other than "
+"signal-delivery-stop, recommended practice is to always pass 0 in I<sig>.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1282
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1399
#, no-wrap
msgid "Attaching and detaching"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1284
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1401
msgid "A thread can be attached to the tracer using the call"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1286
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1403
#, no-wrap
msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0);\n"
msgstr ""
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1405 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1894
+msgid "or"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1407
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
+msgstr ""
+
#
#. FIXME: Describe how to attach to a thread which is already
#. group-stopped.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1310
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1432
msgid ""
-"This also sends B<SIGSTOP> to this thread. If the tracer wants this "
+"B<PTRACE_ATTACH> sends B<SIGSTOP> to this thread. If the tracer wants this "
"B<SIGSTOP> to have no effect, it needs to suppress it. Note that if other "
"signals are concurrently sent to this thread during attach, the tracer may "
"see the tracee enter signal-delivery-stop with other signal(s) first! The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1317
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1439
msgid ""
"Since attaching sends B<SIGSTOP> and the tracer usually suppresses it, this "
"may cause a stray B<EINTR> return from the currently executing system call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1319
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1450
+msgid ""
+"Since Linux 3.4, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> can be used instead of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>. "
+"B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the attached process. If you need to stop it "
+"after attach (or at any other time) without sending it any signals, use "
+"B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1452
msgid "The request"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1321
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1454
#, no-wrap
msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1327
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1460
msgid ""
"turns the calling thread into a tracee. The thread continues to run "
"(doesn't enter ptrace-stop). A common practice is to follow the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1329
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1462
#, no-wrap
msgid " raise(SIGSTOP);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1332
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1465
msgid ""
"and allow the parent (which is our tracer now) to observe our "
"signal-delivery-stop."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1356
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1489
msgid ""
"If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or "
"B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> options are in effect, then children created by, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1358
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1491
msgid "Detaching of the tracee is performed by:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1360
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1493
#, no-wrap
msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, sig);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1368
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1501
msgid ""
"B<PTRACE_DETACH> is a restarting operation; therefore it requires the tracee "
"to be in ptrace-stop. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, a signal "
#. FIXME: Describe how to detach from a group-stopped tracee so that it
#. doesn't run, but continues to wait for SIGCONT.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1392
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1525
msgid ""
"If the tracee is running when the tracer wants to detach it, the usual "
"solution is to send B<SIGSTOP> (using B<tgkill>(2), to make sure it goes to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1400
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1533
msgid ""
"If the tracer dies, all tracees are automatically detached and restarted, "
"unless they were in group-stop. Handling of restart from group-stop is "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1400
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1533
#, no-wrap
msgid "execve(2) under ptrace"
msgstr ""
-#. clone(2) THREAD_CLONE says:
+#. clone(2) CLONE_THREAD says:
#. If any of the threads in a thread group performs an execve(2),
#. then all threads other than the thread group leader are terminated,
#. and the new program is executed in the thread group leader.
#
#. In kernel 3.1 sources, see fs/exec.c::de_thread()
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1419
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1552
msgid ""
"When one thread in a multithreaded process calls B<execve>(2), the kernel "
"destroys all other threads in the process, and resets the thread ID of the "
"This resetting of the thread ID looks very confusing to tracers:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1419 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1429 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1437 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1443 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1572
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "*"
-msgstr ""
-
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1429
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1562
msgid ""
"All other threads stop in B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop, if the "
"B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option was turned on. Then all other threads except "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1437
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1570
msgid ""
"The execing tracee changes its thread ID while it is in the B<execve>(2). "
"(Remember, under ptrace, the \"pid\" returned from B<waitpid>(2), or fed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1443
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1576
msgid ""
"Then a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop happens, if the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
"option was turned on."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1464
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1597
msgid ""
"If the thread group leader has reported its B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop by "
"this time, it appears to the tracer that the dead thread leader \"reappears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1467
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1600
msgid ""
"All of the above effects are the artifacts of the thread ID change in the "
"tracee."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1487
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1620
msgid ""
"The B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is the recommended tool for dealing with "
"this situation. First, it enables B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop, which occurs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1493
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1626
msgid ""
"When the tracer receives B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, it is "
"guaranteed that except this tracee and the thread group leader, no other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1501
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1634
msgid ""
"On receiving the B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, the tracer should "
"clean up all its internal data structures describing the threads of this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1503
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1636
#, no-wrap
msgid " thread ID == thread group ID == process ID.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1507
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1640
msgid "Example: two threads call B<execve>(2) at the same time:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1518
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1651
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 1: **\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1541
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1674
msgid ""
"If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is I<not> in effect for the execing "
"tracee, the kernel delivers an extra B<SIGTRAP> to the tracee after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1560
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1693
msgid ""
"Usually, the tracer (for example, B<strace>(1)) would not want to show this "
"extra post-execve B<SIGTRAP> signal to the user, and would suppress its "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1560
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1693
#, no-wrap
msgid "Real parent"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1567
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1700
msgid ""
"The ptrace API (ab)uses the standard UNIX parent/child signaling over "
"B<waitpid>(2). This used to cause the real parent of the process to stop "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1570
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1703
msgid ""
"Many of these bugs have been fixed, but as of Linux 2.6.38 several still "
"exist; see BUGS below."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1572
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1705
msgid "As of Linux 2.6.38, the following is believed to work correctly:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1580
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1713
msgid ""
"exit/death by signal is reported first to the tracer, then, when the tracer "
"consumes the B<waitpid>(2) result, to the real parent (to the real parent "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1594
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1727
msgid ""
"On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while other "
"requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and I<errno> is set "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1598
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1731
msgid "(i386 only) There was an error with allocating or freeing a debug register."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1609
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1742
msgid ""
"There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
"tracer's or the tracee's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1612
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1745
msgid "An attempt was made to set an invalid option."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1619
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1752
msgid ""
"I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
"invalid area in the tracer's or the tracee's memory, or there was a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1632
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1765
msgid ""
"The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the tracer "
"has insufficient privileges (the required capability is B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1637
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1770
msgid ""
"The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
"the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require a stopped tracee)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1639
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1772
msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1652
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1787
msgid ""
"Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
"prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
-"function with only the I<request> argument fixed. This means that unneeded "
-"trailing arguments may be omitted, though doing so makes use of undocumented "
-"B<gcc>(1) behavior."
+"function with only the I<request> argument fixed. It is recommended to "
+"always supply four arguments, even if the requested operation does not use "
+"them, setting unused/ignored arguments to I<0L> or I<(void\\ *)\\ 0>."
msgstr ""
#. See commit 00cd5c37afd5f431ac186dd131705048c0a11fdb
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1657
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1792
msgid ""
"In Linux kernels before 2.6.26, B<init>(8), the process with PID 1, may not "
"be traced."
#. See http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1664
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1799
msgid ""
"The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite "
"operating-system- and architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1667
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1802
msgid ""
"The size of a \"word\" is determined by the operating-system variant (e.g., "
"for 32-bit Linux it is 32 bits)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1675
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1810
msgid ""
"This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in Linux. "
"Its behavior differs noticeably on other flavors of UNIX. In any case, use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1686
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1821
msgid ""
"On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
"different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications compiled "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1689
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1824
msgid ""
"Group-stop notifications are sent to the tracer, but not to real parent. "
"Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
#. why it is so.
#. FIXME: ^^^ need to test/verify this scenario
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1720
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1855
msgid ""
"If a thread group leader is traced and exits by calling B<_exit>(2), a "
"B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop will happen for it (if requested), but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1730
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1865
msgid ""
"A B<SIGKILL> signal may still cause a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop before "
"actual signal death. This may be changed in the future; B<SIGKILL> is meant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1746
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1883
msgid ""
"Some system calls return with B<EINTR> if a signal was sent to a tracee, but "
"delivery was suppressed by the tracer. (This is very typical operation: it "
"is usually done by debuggers on every attach, in order to not introduce a "
"bogus B<SIGSTOP>). As of Linux 3.2.9, the following system calls are "
"affected (this list is likely incomplete): B<epoll_wait>(2), and B<read>(2) "
-"from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor."
+"from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor. The usual symptom of this bug is "
+"that when you attach to a quiescent process with the command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1885
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " strace -p E<lt>process-IDE<gt>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1888
+msgid "then, instead of the usual and expected one-line output such as"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1891
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " restart_syscall(E<lt>... resuming interrupted call ...E<gt>_\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1897
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " select(6, [5], NULL, [5], NULL_\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1901
+msgid ""
+"('_' denotes the cursor position), you observe more than one line. For "
+"example:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1905
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, {15370, 690928118}) = 0\n"
+" epoll_wait(4,_\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1926
+msgid ""
+"What is not visible here is that the process was blocked in B<epoll_wait>(2) "
+"before B<strace>(1) has attached to it. Attaching caused B<epoll_wait>(2) "
+"to return to user space with the error B<EINTR>. In this particular case, "
+"the program reacted to B<EINTR> by checking the current time, and then "
+"executing B<epoll_wait>(2) again. (Programs which do not expect such "
+"\"stray\" B<EINTR> errors may behave in an unintended way upon an "
+"B<strace>(1) attach.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1760
+#: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1940
msgid ""
"B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), "
"B<gettid>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), B<waitpid>(2), "
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:25
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "QUOTACTL"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:25
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "2010-06-16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30
msgid "quotactl - manipulate disk quotas"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:32
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:34
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:35
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:37
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:47
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:49
msgid ""
"The quota system can be used to set per-user and per-group limits on the "
"amount of disk space used on a file system. For each user and/or group, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:72
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:74
msgid ""
"The B<quotactl>() call manipulates disk quotas. The I<cmd> argument "
"indicates a command to be applied to the user or group ID specified in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:77
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:79
msgid ""
"The I<special> argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing "
"the pathname of the (mounted) block special device for the file system being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:85
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:87
msgid ""
"The I<addr> argument is the address of an optional, command-specific, data "
"structure that is copied in or out of the system. The interpretation of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:89
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:89
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:96
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:98
msgid ""
"Turn on quotas for a file system. The I<id> argument is the identification "
"number of the quota format to be used. Currently, there are three supported "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:97
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:99
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_OLD>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:100
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
msgid "The original quota format."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:100
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V0>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:104
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
msgid ""
"The standard VFS v0 quota format, which can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and "
"quota limits up to 2^42 bytes and 2^32 inodes."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:104
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V1>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:108
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:110
msgid ""
"A quota format that can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and quota limits of 2^64 "
"bytes and 2^64 inodes."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:119
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
msgid ""
"The I<addr> argument points to the pathname of a file containing the quotas "
"for the file system. The quota file must exist; it is normally created with "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:119
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:129
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
msgid ""
"Turn off quotas for a file system. The I<addr> and I<id> arguments are "
"ignored. This operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:129
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:140
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:142
msgid ""
"Get disk quota limits and current usage for user or group I<id>. The "
"I<addr> argument is a pointer to a I<dqblk> structure defined in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:145 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:232
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:147 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:234
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64-bit integer;\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:165
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:167
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct dqblk { /* Definition since Linux 2.4.22 */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:168
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:170
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* Flags in dqb_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:179
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:181
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define QIF_BLIMITS 1\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:196
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
msgid ""
"The I<dqb_valid> field is a bit mask that is set to indicate the entries in "
"the I<dqblk> structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:196
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:216
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
msgid ""
"Set quota information for user or group I<id>, using the information "
"supplied in the I<dqblk> structure pointed to by I<addr>. The I<dqb_valid> "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:216
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_GETINFO>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:227
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:229
msgid ""
"Get information (like grace times) about quotafile. The I<addr> argument "
"should be a pointer to a I<dqinfo> structure. This structure is defined in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:236
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:238
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:243
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:245
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:245
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:247
#, no-wrap
msgid "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:247
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:249
#, no-wrap
msgid "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:249
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:251
#, no-wrap
msgid "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:251
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:253
#, no-wrap
msgid "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:254
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:256
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:259
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:261
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:275
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
msgid ""
"The I<dqi_valid> field in the I<dqinfo> structure indicates the entries in "
"the structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:275
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_SETINFO>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:299
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
msgid ""
"Set information about quotafile. The I<addr> argument should be a pointer "
"to a I<dqinfo> structure. The I<dqi_valid> field of the I<dqinfo> structure "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:299
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_GETFMT>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:306
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
msgid ""
"Get quota format used on the specified file system. The I<addr> argument "
"should be a pointer to a 4-byte buffer where the format number will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:306
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_SYNC>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:317
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
msgid ""
"Update the on-disk copy of quota usages for a file system. If I<special> is "
"NULL, then all file systems with active quotas are sync'ed. The I<addr> and "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:317
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
msgstr ""
#. Q_GETSTATS was removed in kernel 2.4.22.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:337
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:339
msgid ""
"Get statistics and other generic information about the quota subsystem. The "
"I<addr> argument should be a pointer to a I<dqstats> structure in which data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:340
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
msgid ""
"For XFS file systems making use of the XFS Quota Manager (XQM), the above "
"commands are bypassed and the following commands are used:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:340
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:361
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
msgid ""
"Turn on quotas for an XFS file system. XFS provides the ability to turn "
"on/off quota limit enforcement with quota accounting. Therefore, XFS "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:361
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:372
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
msgid ""
"Turn off quotas for an XFS file system. As with B<Q_QUOTAON>, XFS file "
"systems expect a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that specifies whether quota "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:372
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:386
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
msgid ""
"Get disk quota limits and current usage for user I<id>. The I<addr> "
"argument is a pointer to an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:386
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:398
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
msgid ""
"Set disk quota limits for user I<id>. The I<addr> argument is a pointer to "
"an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). This "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:398
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:406
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
msgid ""
"Returns an I<fs_quota_stat> structure containing XFS file system specific "
"quota information. This is useful for finding out how much space is used to "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:406
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:410
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:412
msgid ""
"Free the disk space taken by disk quotas. Quotas must have already been "
"turned off."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:417
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
msgid ""
"There is no command equivalent to B<Q_SYNC> for XFS since B<sync>(1) writes "
"quota information to disk (in addition to the other file system metadata "
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:417
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUES"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:425
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
msgid ""
"On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0; on error -1 is returned, and I<errno> "
"is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:432
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434
msgid "I<addr> or I<special> is invalid."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:438
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
msgid "I<cmd> or I<type> is invalid."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:438
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOENT>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:445
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
msgid "The file specified by I<special> or I<addr> does not exist."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:450
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
msgid "The kernel has not been compiled with the B<CONFIG_QUOTA> option."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:450
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOTBLK>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:454
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
msgid "I<special> is not a block device."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:459
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
msgid ""
"The caller lacked the required privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) for the "
"specified operation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:463
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:465
msgid ""
"No disk quota is found for the indicated user. Quotas have not been turned "
"on for this file system."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:472
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:475
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:477
msgid "Specified limits are out of range allowed by quota format."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:484
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_QUOTAON>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:493
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
msgid ""
"The quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not a regular file; or, "
"the quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not on the file system "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:499
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON> attempted, but another B<Q_QUOTAON> had already been performed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:502
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
msgid "The quota file is corrupted."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:505
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
msgid "Specified quota format was not found."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:510
+#: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512
msgid "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:15
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
#, no-wrap
msgid "SENDFILE"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:15
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
#, no-wrap
msgid "2011-09-14"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:18
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
msgid "sendfile - transfer data between file descriptors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:20
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:24
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""
#. .br
#. .B #endif
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:43
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
msgid ""
"B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
"size_t>I< count>B<);>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:53
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:57
msgid ""
"B<sendfile>() copies data between one file descriptor and another. Because "
"this copying is done within the kernel, B<sendfile>() is more efficient "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:58
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:62
msgid ""
"I<in_fd> should be a file descriptor opened for reading and I<out_fd> should "
"be a descriptor opened for writing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:79
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:83
msgid ""
"If I<offset> is not NULL, then it points to a variable holding the file "
"offset from which B<sendfile>() will start reading data from I<in_fd>. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:86
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:90
msgid ""
"If I<offset> is NULL, then data will be read from I<in_fd> starting at the "
"current file offset, and the file offset will be updated by the call."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:89
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:93
msgid "I<count> is the number of bytes to copy between the file descriptors."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:96
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:100
msgid ""
"The I<in_fd> argument must correspond to a file which supports "
"B<mmap>(2)-like operations (i.e., it cannot be a socket)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:104
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108
msgid ""
"In Linux kernels before 2.6.33, I<out_fd> must refer to a socket. Since "
"Linux 2.6.33 it can be any file. If it is a regular file, then "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:111
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115
msgid ""
"If the transfer was successful, the number of bytes written to I<out_fd> is "
"returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:117
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
msgid ""
"Nonblocking I/O has been selected using B<O_NONBLOCK> and the write would "
"block."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:117 build/C/man2/splice.2:143 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:123
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121 build/C/man2/splice.2:143 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:123
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EBADF>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
msgid ""
"The input file was not opened for reading or the output file was not opened "
"for writing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:124
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128
msgid "Bad address."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:130
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
msgid ""
"Descriptor is not valid or locked, or an B<mmap>(2)-like operation is not "
"available for I<in_fd>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
msgid "Unspecified error while reading from I<in_fd>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142
msgid "Insufficient memory to read from I<in_fd>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:144
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
msgid ""
"B<sendfile>() is a new feature in Linux 2.2. The include file "
"I<E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>> is present since glibc 2.1."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:146
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:150
msgid "Not specified in POSIX.1-2001, or other standards."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:151
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155
msgid ""
"Other UNIX systems implement B<sendfile>() with different semantics and "
"prototypes. It should not be used in portable programs."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:161
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:165
msgid ""
"If you plan to use B<sendfile>() for sending files to a TCP socket, but "
"need to send some header data in front of the file contents, you will find "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:167
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:171
msgid ""
"In Linux 2.4 and earlier, I<out_fd> could also refer to a regular file, and "
"B<sendfile>() changed the current offset of that file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:179
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:183
msgid ""
"The original Linux B<sendfile>() system call was not designed to handle "
"large file offsets. Consequently, Linux 2.4 added B<sendfile64>(), with a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:188
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:192
msgid ""
"Applications may wish to fall back to B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) in the case "
"where B<sendfile>() fails with B<EINVAL> or B<ENOSYS>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:193
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197
msgid ""
"The Linux-specific B<splice>(2) call supports transferring data between "
"arbitrary files (e.g., a pair of sockets)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:198
+#: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:202
msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:23
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
#, no-wrap
msgid "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:23
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2004-09-10"
+msgid "2012-07-19"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28
msgid "set_tid_address - set pointer to thread ID"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:29
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:31
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:31
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:38
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
msgid ""
-"The kernel keeps for each process two values called I<set_child_tid> and "
-"I<clear_child_tid> that are NULL by default."
+"For each process, the kernel maintains two attributes (addresses) called "
+"I<set_child_tid> and I<clear_child_tid>. These two attributes contain the "
+"value NULL by default."
msgstr ""
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:38
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
#, no-wrap
-msgid "set_child_tid"
+msgid "I<set_child_tid>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:48
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:51
msgid ""
"If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> "
-"flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to I<child_tidptr>, the fifth argument of that "
-"system call."
+"flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument of "
+"that system call."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:53
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
msgid ""
"When I<set_child_tid> is set, the very first thing the new process does is "
"writing its PID at this address."
msgstr ""
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:53
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
#, no-wrap
-msgid "clear_child_tid"
+msgid "I<clear_child_tid>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:63
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:67
msgid ""
"If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> "
-"flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to I<child_tidptr>, the fifth argument of "
-"that system call."
+"flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument "
+"of that system call."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:70
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:74
msgid ""
"The system call B<set_tid_address>() sets the I<clear_child_tid> value for "
"the calling process to I<tidptr>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:80
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:82
+msgid ""
+"When a process whose I<clear_child_tid> is not NULL terminates, then, if the "
+"process is sharing memory with other processes or threads, then 0 is written "
+"at the address specified in I<clear_child_tid> and the kernel performs the "
+"following operation:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:84
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
msgid ""
-"When I<clear_child_tid> is set, and the process exits, and the process was "
-"sharing memory with other processes or threads, then 0 is written at this "
-"address, and a I<futex(child_tidptr, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);> call is "
-"done. (That is, wake a single process waiting on this futex.) Errors are "
-"ignored."
+"The effect of this operation is to wake a single process that is performing "
+"a futex wait on the memory location. Errors from the futex wake operation "
+"are ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:83
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always returns the PID of the calling process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:86
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always succeeds."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:89
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97
msgid ""
"This call is present since Linux 2.5.48. Details as given here are valid "
"since Linux 2.5.49."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
+#: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:102
msgid "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2)"
msgstr ""
#: build/C/man2/splice.2:182
msgid ""
"The three system calls B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), and B<tee>(2), provide "
-"userspace programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer, "
+"user-space programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer, "
"implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that is used for "
"a pipe. In overview, these system calls perform the following tasks:"
msgstr ""
#: build/C/man2/vm86.2:62
msgid ""
"This return value is specific to i386 and indicates a problem with getting "
-"userspace data."
+"user-space data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
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