OSDN Git Service

Fix definition of is_dummy_rel based on changes in community
[pghintplan/pg_hint_plan.git] / pg_hint_plan.c
index f13c6c7..a625896 100644 (file)
@@ -1,36 +1,47 @@
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
  * pg_hint_plan.c
- *               do instructions or hints to the planner using C-style block comments
- *               of the SQL.
+ *               hinting on how to execute a query for PostgreSQL
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2012-2016, NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
+ * Copyright (c) 2012-2019, NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
+#include <string.h>
+
 #include "postgres.h"
+#include "access/genam.h"
+#include "access/heapam.h"
+#include "access/relation.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_index.h"
 #include "commands/prepare.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "nodes/params.h"
+#include "optimizer/appendinfo.h"
 #include "optimizer/clauses.h"
 #include "optimizer/cost.h"
 #include "optimizer/geqo.h"
 #include "optimizer/joininfo.h"
+#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
 #include "optimizer/pathnode.h"
 #include "optimizer/paths.h"
 #include "optimizer/plancat.h"
 #include "optimizer/planner.h"
 #include "optimizer/prep.h"
 #include "optimizer/restrictinfo.h"
+#include "parser/analyze.h"
+#include "parser/parsetree.h"
 #include "parser/scansup.h"
+#include "partitioning/partbounds.h"
 #include "tcop/utility.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
 #include "utils/rel.h"
+#include "utils/snapmgr.h"
 #include "utils/syscache.h"
 #include "utils/resowner.h"
 
@@ -71,6 +82,8 @@ PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
 #define HINT_INDEXONLYSCAN             "IndexOnlyScan"
 #define HINT_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP       "IndexOnlyScanRegexp"
 #define HINT_NOINDEXONLYSCAN   "NoIndexOnlyScan"
+#define HINT_PARALLEL                  "Parallel"
+
 #define HINT_NESTLOOP                  "NestLoop"
 #define HINT_MERGEJOIN                 "MergeJoin"
 #define HINT_HASHJOIN                  "HashJoin"
@@ -83,11 +96,13 @@ PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
 
 #define HINT_ARRAY_DEFAULT_INITSIZE 8
 
-#define hint_ereport(str, detail) \
-       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level, \
-                       (errhidestmt(hidestmt), \
-                        errmsg("pg_hint_plan%s: hint syntax error at or near \"%s\"", qnostr, (str)), \
-                        errdetail detail))
+#define hint_ereport(str, detail) hint_parse_ereport(str, detail)
+#define hint_parse_ereport(str, detail) \
+       do { \
+               ereport(pg_hint_plan_parse_message_level,               \
+                       (errmsg("pg_hint_plan: hint syntax error at or near \"%s\"", (str)), \
+                        errdetail detail)); \
+       } while(0)
 
 #define skip_space(str) \
        while (isspace(*str)) \
@@ -132,18 +147,31 @@ typedef enum HintKeyword
        HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCAN,
        HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP,
        HINT_KEYWORD_NOINDEXONLYSCAN,
+
        HINT_KEYWORD_NESTLOOP,
        HINT_KEYWORD_MERGEJOIN,
        HINT_KEYWORD_HASHJOIN,
        HINT_KEYWORD_NONESTLOOP,
        HINT_KEYWORD_NOMERGEJOIN,
        HINT_KEYWORD_NOHASHJOIN,
+
        HINT_KEYWORD_LEADING,
        HINT_KEYWORD_SET,
        HINT_KEYWORD_ROWS,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_PARALLEL,
+
        HINT_KEYWORD_UNRECOGNIZED
 } HintKeyword;
 
+#define SCAN_HINT_ACCEPTS_INDEX_NAMES(kw) \
+       (kw == HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCAN ||                        \
+        kw == HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCANREGEXP ||          \
+        kw == HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCAN ||            \
+        kw == HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP ||      \
+        kw == HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCAN ||                               \
+        kw == HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCANREGEXP)
+
+
 typedef struct Hint Hint;
 typedef struct HintState HintState;
 
@@ -157,22 +185,30 @@ typedef const char *(*HintParseFunction) (Hint *hint, HintState *hstate,
                                                                                  Query *parse, const char *str);
 
 /* hint types */
-#define NUM_HINT_TYPE  5
+#define NUM_HINT_TYPE  6
 typedef enum HintType
 {
        HINT_TYPE_SCAN_METHOD,
        HINT_TYPE_JOIN_METHOD,
        HINT_TYPE_LEADING,
        HINT_TYPE_SET,
-       HINT_TYPE_ROWS
+       HINT_TYPE_ROWS,
+       HINT_TYPE_PARALLEL
 } HintType;
 
+typedef enum HintTypeBitmap
+{
+       HINT_BM_SCAN_METHOD = 1,
+       HINT_BM_PARALLEL = 2
+} HintTypeBitmap;
+
 static const char *HintTypeName[] = {
        "scan method",
        "join method",
        "leading",
        "set",
-       "rows"
+       "rows",
+       "parallel"
 };
 
 /* hint status */
@@ -189,7 +225,17 @@ typedef enum HintStatus
                                                                  (hint)->base.state == HINT_STATE_USED)
 
 static unsigned int qno = 0;
+static unsigned int msgqno = 0;
 static char qnostr[32];
+static const char *current_hint_str = NULL;
+
+/*
+ * However we usually take a hint stirng in post_parse_analyze_hook, we still
+ * need to do so in planner_hook when client starts query execution from the
+ * bind message on a prepared query. This variable prevent duplicate and
+ * sometimes harmful hint string retrieval.
+ */
+static bool current_hint_retrieved = false;
 
 /* common data for all hints. */
 struct Hint
@@ -282,6 +328,16 @@ typedef struct RowsHint
        double                  rows;
 } RowsHint;
 
+/* parallel hints */
+typedef struct ParallelHint
+{
+       Hint                    base;
+       char               *relname;
+       char               *nworkers_str;       /* original string of nworkers */
+       int                             nworkers;               /* num of workers specified by Worker */
+       bool                    force_parallel; /* force parallel scan */
+} ParallelHint;
+
 /*
  * Describes a context of hint processing.
  */
@@ -299,25 +355,31 @@ struct HintState
 
        /* for scan method hints */
        ScanMethodHint **scan_hints;            /* parsed scan hints */
-       int                             init_scan_mask;         /* initial value of scan parameter */
+
+       /* Initial values of parameters  */
+       int                             init_scan_mask;         /* enable_* mask */
+       int                             init_nworkers;          /* max_parallel_workers_per_gather */
+       /* min_parallel_table_scan_size*/
+       int                             init_min_para_tablescan_size;
+       /* min_parallel_index_scan_size*/
+       int                             init_min_para_indexscan_size;
+       int                             init_paratup_cost;      /* parallel_tuple_cost */
+       int                             init_parasetup_cost;/* parallel_setup_cost */
+
+       PlannerInfo        *current_root;               /* PlannerInfo for the followings */
        Index                   parent_relid;           /* inherit parent of table relid */
-       ScanMethodHint *parent_hint;            /* inherit parent of table scan hint */
+       ScanMethodHint *parent_scan_hint;       /* scan hint for the parent */
+       ParallelHint   *parent_parallel_hint; /* parallel hint for the parent */
        List               *parent_index_infos; /* list of parent table's index */
 
-       /* for join method hints */
        JoinMethodHint **join_hints;            /* parsed join hints */
        int                             init_join_mask;         /* initial value join parameter */
        List              **join_hint_level;
-
-       /* for Leading hint */
        LeadingHint       **leading_hint;               /* parsed Leading hints */
-
-       /* for Set hints */
        SetHint           **set_hints;                  /* parsed Set hints */
        GucContext              context;                        /* which GUC parameters can we set? */
-
-       /* for Rows hints */
        RowsHint          **rows_hints;                 /* parsed Rows hints */
+       ParallelHint  **parallel_hints;         /* parsed Parallel hints */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -337,16 +399,14 @@ void              _PG_fini(void);
 static void push_hint(HintState *hstate);
 static void pop_hint(void);
 
-static void pg_hint_plan_ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
-                                                       const char *queryString,
-                                                       ProcessUtilityContext context,
-                                                       ParamListInfo params,
-                                                       DestReceiver *dest, char *completionTag);
+static void pg_hint_plan_post_parse_analyze(ParseState *pstate, Query *query);
+static void pg_hint_plan_ProcessUtility(PlannedStmt *pstmt,
+                                       const char *queryString,
+                                       ProcessUtilityContext context,
+                                       ParamListInfo params, QueryEnvironment *queryEnv,
+                                       DestReceiver *dest, char *completionTag);
 static PlannedStmt *pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions,
                                                                                 ParamListInfo boundParams);
-static void pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info(PlannerInfo *root,
-                                                                                  Oid relationObjectId,
-                                                                                  bool inhparent, RelOptInfo *rel);
 static RelOptInfo *pg_hint_plan_join_search(PlannerInfo *root,
                                                                                        int levels_needed,
                                                                                        List *initial_rels);
@@ -396,6 +456,15 @@ static int RowsHintCmp(const RowsHint *a, const RowsHint *b);
 static const char *RowsHintParse(RowsHint *hint, HintState *hstate,
                                                                 Query *parse, const char *str);
 
+/* Parallel hint callbacks */
+static Hint *ParallelHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                                                               HintKeyword hint_keyword);
+static void ParallelHintDelete(ParallelHint *hint);
+static void ParallelHintDesc(ParallelHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf);
+static int ParallelHintCmp(const ParallelHint *a, const ParallelHint *b);
+static const char *ParallelHintParse(ParallelHint *hint, HintState *hstate,
+                                                                        Query *parse, const char *str);
+
 static void quote_value(StringInfo buf, const char *value);
 
 static const char *parse_quoted_value(const char *str, char **word,
@@ -405,21 +474,20 @@ RelOptInfo *pg_hint_plan_standard_join_search(PlannerInfo *root,
                                                                                          int levels_needed,
                                                                                          List *initial_rels);
 void pg_hint_plan_join_search_one_level(PlannerInfo *root, int level);
+void pg_hint_plan_set_rel_pathlist(PlannerInfo * root, RelOptInfo *rel,
+                                                                  Index rti, RangeTblEntry *rte);
+static void create_plain_partial_paths(PlannerInfo *root,
+                                                                                                       RelOptInfo *rel);
 static void make_rels_by_clause_joins(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *old_rel,
                                                                          ListCell *other_rels);
 static void make_rels_by_clauseless_joins(PlannerInfo *root,
                                                                                  RelOptInfo *old_rel,
                                                                                  ListCell *other_rels);
 static bool has_join_restriction(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel);
+static void set_plain_rel_pathlist(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
+                                                                  RangeTblEntry *rte);
 static void set_append_rel_pathlist(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
                                                                        Index rti, RangeTblEntry *rte);
-static void generate_mergeappend_paths(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
-                                                  List *live_childrels,
-                                                  List *all_child_pathkeys);
-static Path *get_cheapest_parameterized_child_path(PlannerInfo *root,
-                                                                         RelOptInfo *rel,
-                                                                         Relids required_outer);
-static List *accumulate_append_subpath(List *subpaths, Path *path);
 RelOptInfo *pg_hint_plan_make_join_rel(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel1,
                                                                           RelOptInfo *rel2);
 
@@ -431,20 +499,27 @@ static void plpgsql_query_erase_callback(ResourceReleasePhase phase,
                                                                                 bool isCommit,
                                                                                 bool isTopLevel,
                                                                                 void *arg);
+static int set_config_option_noerror(const char *name, const char *value,
+                                                 GucContext context, GucSource source,
+                                                 GucAction action, bool changeVal, int elevel);
+static void setup_scan_method_enforcement(ScanMethodHint *scanhint,
+                                                                                 HintState *state);
+static int set_config_int32_option(const char *name, int32 value,
+                                                                       GucContext context);
 
 /* GUC variables */
 static bool    pg_hint_plan_enable_hint = true;
 static int debug_level = 0;
-static int     pg_hint_plan_message_level = INFO;
+static int     pg_hint_plan_parse_message_level = INFO;
+static int     pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level = LOG;
 /* Default is off, to keep backward compatibility. */
 static bool    pg_hint_plan_enable_hint_table = false;
 
-/* Internal static variables. */
-static bool    hidestmt = false;                               /* Allow or inhibit STATEMENT: output */
-
 static int plpgsql_recurse_level = 0;          /* PLpgSQL recursion level            */
+static int recurse_level = 0;          /* recursion level incl. direct SPI calls */
 static int hint_inhibit_level = 0;                     /* Inhibit hinting if this is above 0 */
                                                                                        /* (This could not be above 1)        */
+static int max_hint_nworkers = -1;             /* Maximum nworkers of Workers hints */
 
 static const struct config_enum_entry parse_messages_level_options[] = {
        {"debug", DEBUG2, true},
@@ -482,10 +557,11 @@ static const struct config_enum_entry parse_debug_level_options[] = {
 };
 
 /* Saved hook values in case of unload */
-static ProcessUtility_hook_type prev_ProcessUtility = NULL;
+static post_parse_analyze_hook_type prev_post_parse_analyze_hook = NULL;
 static planner_hook_type prev_planner = NULL;
-static get_relation_info_hook_type prev_get_relation_info = NULL;
 static join_search_hook_type prev_join_search = NULL;
+static set_rel_pathlist_hook_type prev_set_rel_pathlist = NULL;
+static ProcessUtility_hook_type prev_ProcessUtility_hook = NULL;
 
 /* Hold reference to currently active hint */
 static HintState *current_hint_state = NULL;
@@ -497,12 +573,6 @@ static HintState *current_hint_state = NULL;
  */
 static List *HintStateStack = NIL;
 
-/*
- * Holds statement name during executing EXECUTE command.  NULL for other
- * statements.
- */
-static char       *stmt_name = NULL;
-
 static const HintParser parsers[] = {
        {HINT_SEQSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_SEQSCAN},
        {HINT_INDEXSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCAN},
@@ -519,15 +589,19 @@ static const HintParser parsers[] = {
        {HINT_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP, ScanMethodHintCreate,
         HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP},
        {HINT_NOINDEXONLYSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NOINDEXONLYSCAN},
+
        {HINT_NESTLOOP, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NESTLOOP},
        {HINT_MERGEJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_MERGEJOIN},
        {HINT_HASHJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_HASHJOIN},
        {HINT_NONESTLOOP, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NONESTLOOP},
        {HINT_NOMERGEJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NOMERGEJOIN},
        {HINT_NOHASHJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NOHASHJOIN},
+
        {HINT_LEADING, LeadingHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_LEADING},
        {HINT_SET, SetHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_SET},
        {HINT_ROWS, RowsHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_ROWS},
+       {HINT_PARALLEL, ParallelHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_PARALLEL},
+
        {NULL, NULL, HINT_KEYWORD_UNRECOGNIZED}
 };
 
@@ -576,7 +650,7 @@ _PG_init(void)
        DefineCustomEnumVariable("pg_hint_plan.parse_messages",
                                                         "Message level of parse errors.",
                                                         NULL,
-                                                        &pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                                        &pg_hint_plan_parse_message_level,
                                                         INFO,
                                                         parse_messages_level_options,
                                                         PGC_USERSET,
@@ -588,8 +662,8 @@ _PG_init(void)
        DefineCustomEnumVariable("pg_hint_plan.message_level",
                                                         "Message level of debug messages.",
                                                         NULL,
-                                                        &pg_hint_plan_message_level,
-                                                        INFO,
+                                                        &pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
+                                                        LOG,
                                                         parse_messages_level_options,
                                                         PGC_USERSET,
                                                         0,
@@ -598,7 +672,7 @@ _PG_init(void)
                                                         NULL);
 
        DefineCustomBoolVariable("pg_hint_plan.enable_hint_table",
-                                        "Force planner to not get hint by using table lookups.",
+                                                        "Let pg_hint_plan look up the hint table.",
                                                         NULL,
                                                         &pg_hint_plan_enable_hint_table,
                                                         false,
@@ -609,14 +683,16 @@ _PG_init(void)
                                                         NULL);
 
        /* Install hooks. */
-       prev_ProcessUtility = ProcessUtility_hook;
-       ProcessUtility_hook = pg_hint_plan_ProcessUtility;
+       prev_post_parse_analyze_hook = post_parse_analyze_hook;
+       post_parse_analyze_hook = pg_hint_plan_post_parse_analyze;
        prev_planner = planner_hook;
        planner_hook = pg_hint_plan_planner;
-       prev_get_relation_info = get_relation_info_hook;
-       get_relation_info_hook = pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info;
        prev_join_search = join_search_hook;
        join_search_hook = pg_hint_plan_join_search;
+       prev_set_rel_pathlist = set_rel_pathlist_hook;
+       set_rel_pathlist_hook = pg_hint_plan_set_rel_pathlist;
+       prev_ProcessUtility_hook = ProcessUtility_hook;
+       ProcessUtility_hook = pg_hint_plan_ProcessUtility;
 
        /* setup PL/pgSQL plugin hook */
        var_ptr = (PLpgSQL_plugin **) find_rendezvous_variable("PLpgSQL_plugin");
@@ -635,10 +711,11 @@ _PG_fini(void)
        PLpgSQL_plugin  **var_ptr;
 
        /* Uninstall hooks. */
-       ProcessUtility_hook = prev_ProcessUtility;
+       post_parse_analyze_hook = prev_post_parse_analyze_hook;
        planner_hook = prev_planner;
-       get_relation_info_hook = prev_get_relation_info;
        join_search_hook = prev_join_search;
+       set_rel_pathlist_hook = prev_set_rel_pathlist;
+       ProcessUtility_hook = prev_ProcessUtility_hook;
 
        /* uninstall PL/pgSQL plugin hook */
        var_ptr = (PLpgSQL_plugin **) find_rendezvous_variable("PLpgSQL_plugin");
@@ -851,6 +928,41 @@ RowsHintDelete(RowsHint *hint)
        pfree(hint);
 }
 
+static Hint *
+ParallelHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                                 HintKeyword hint_keyword)
+{
+       ParallelHint *hint;
+
+       hint = palloc(sizeof(ParallelHint));
+       hint->base.hint_str = hint_str;
+       hint->base.keyword = keyword;
+       hint->base.hint_keyword = hint_keyword;
+       hint->base.type = HINT_TYPE_PARALLEL;
+       hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_NOTUSED;
+       hint->base.delete_func = (HintDeleteFunction) ParallelHintDelete;
+       hint->base.desc_func = (HintDescFunction) ParallelHintDesc;
+       hint->base.cmp_func = (HintCmpFunction) ParallelHintCmp;
+       hint->base.parse_func = (HintParseFunction) ParallelHintParse;
+       hint->relname = NULL;
+       hint->nworkers = 0;
+       hint->nworkers_str = "0";
+
+       return (Hint *) hint;
+}
+
+static void
+ParallelHintDelete(ParallelHint *hint)
+{
+       if (!hint)
+               return;
+
+       if (hint->relname)
+               pfree(hint->relname);
+       pfree(hint);
+}
+
+
 static HintState *
 HintStateCreate(void)
 {
@@ -864,8 +976,15 @@ HintStateCreate(void)
        memset(hstate->num_hints, 0, sizeof(hstate->num_hints));
        hstate->scan_hints = NULL;
        hstate->init_scan_mask = 0;
+       hstate->init_nworkers = 0;
+       hstate->init_min_para_tablescan_size = 0;
+       hstate->init_min_para_indexscan_size = 0;
+       hstate->init_paratup_cost = 0;
+       hstate->init_parasetup_cost = 0;
+       hstate->current_root = NULL;
        hstate->parent_relid = 0;
-       hstate->parent_hint = NULL;
+       hstate->parent_scan_hint = NULL;
+       hstate->parent_parallel_hint = NULL;
        hstate->parent_index_infos = NIL;
        hstate->join_hints = NULL;
        hstate->init_join_mask = 0;
@@ -874,6 +993,7 @@ HintStateCreate(void)
        hstate->context = superuser() ? PGC_SUSET : PGC_USERSET;
        hstate->set_hints = NULL;
        hstate->rows_hints = NULL;
+       hstate->parallel_hints = NULL;
 
        return hstate;
 }
@@ -1066,6 +1186,27 @@ RowsHintDesc(RowsHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf)
                appendStringInfoChar(buf, '\n');
 }
 
+static void
+ParallelHintDesc(ParallelHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf)
+{
+       appendStringInfo(buf, "%s(", hint->base.keyword);
+       if (hint->relname != NULL)
+       {
+               quote_value(buf, hint->relname);
+
+               /* number of workers  */
+               appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ' ');
+               quote_value(buf, hint->nworkers_str);
+               /* application mode of num of workers */
+               appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ' ');
+               appendStringInfoString(buf,
+                                                          (hint->force_parallel ? "hard" : "soft"));
+       }
+       appendStringInfoString(buf, ")");
+       if (!nolf)
+               appendStringInfoChar(buf, '\n');
+}
+
 /*
  * Append string which represents all hints in a given state to buf, with
  * preceding title with them.
@@ -1104,7 +1245,7 @@ HintStateDump(HintState *hstate)
 
        if (!hstate)
        {
-               elog(LOG, "pg_hint_plan:\nno hint");
+               elog(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level, "pg_hint_plan:\nno hint");
                return;
        }
 
@@ -1116,7 +1257,8 @@ HintStateDump(HintState *hstate)
        desc_hint_in_state(hstate, &buf, "duplication hint", HINT_STATE_DUPLICATION, false);
        desc_hint_in_state(hstate, &buf, "error hint", HINT_STATE_ERROR, false);
 
-       elog(LOG, "%s", buf.data);
+       ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
+                       (errmsg ("%s", buf.data)));
 
        pfree(buf.data);
 }
@@ -1128,7 +1270,7 @@ HintStateDump2(HintState *hstate)
 
        if (!hstate)
        {
-               elog(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+               elog(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
                         "pg_hint_plan%s: HintStateDump: no hint", qnostr);
                return;
        }
@@ -1141,9 +1283,10 @@ HintStateDump2(HintState *hstate)
        desc_hint_in_state(hstate, &buf, "}, {error hints", HINT_STATE_ERROR, true);
        appendStringInfoChar(&buf, '}');
 
-       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
-                       (errhidestmt(true),
-                        errmsg("%s", buf.data)));
+       ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
+                       (errmsg("%s", buf.data),
+                        errhidestmt(true),
+                        errhidecontext(true)));
 
        pfree(buf.data);
 }
@@ -1216,6 +1359,12 @@ RowsHintCmp(const RowsHint *a, const RowsHint *b)
 }
 
 static int
+ParallelHintCmp(const ParallelHint *a, const ParallelHint *b)
+{
+       return RelnameCmp(&a->relname, &b->relname);
+}
+
+static int
 HintCmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
        const Hint *hinta = *((const Hint **) a);
@@ -1517,7 +1666,7 @@ parse_hints(HintState *hstate, Query *parse, const char *str)
                        char   *keyword = parser->keyword;
                        Hint   *hint;
 
-                       if (strcasecmp(buf.data, keyword) != 0)
+                       if (pg_strcasecmp(buf.data, keyword) != 0)
                                continue;
 
                        hint = parser->create_func(head, keyword, parser->hint_keyword);
@@ -1586,13 +1735,21 @@ get_hints_from_table(const char *client_query, const char *client_application)
        char   *hints = NULL;
        Oid             argtypes[2] = { TEXTOID, TEXTOID };
        Datum   values[2];
-       bool    nulls[2] = { false, false };
+       char    nulls[2] = {' ', ' '};
        text   *qry;
        text   *app;
 
        PG_TRY();
        {
+               bool snapshot_set = false;
+
                hint_inhibit_level++;
+
+               if (!ActiveSnapshotSet())
+               {
+                       PushActiveSnapshot(GetTransactionSnapshot());
+                       snapshot_set = true;
+               }
        
                SPI_connect();
        
@@ -1629,7 +1786,10 @@ get_hints_from_table(const char *client_query, const char *client_application)
                }
        
                SPI_finish();
-       
+
+               if (snapshot_set)
+                       PopActiveSnapshot();
+
                hint_inhibit_level--;
        }
        PG_CATCH();
@@ -1643,30 +1803,109 @@ get_hints_from_table(const char *client_query, const char *client_application)
 }
 
 /*
- * Get client-supplied query string.
+ * Get client-supplied query string. Addtion to that the jumbled query is
+ * supplied if the caller requested. From the restriction of JumbleQuery, some
+ * kind of query needs special amendments. Reutrns NULL if this query doesn't
+ * change the current hint. This function returns NULL also when something
+ * wrong has happend and let the caller continue using the current hints.
  */
 static const char *
-get_query_string(void)
+get_query_string(ParseState *pstate, Query *query, Query **jumblequery)
 {
-       const char *p;
+       const char *p = debug_query_string;
 
-       if (plpgsql_recurse_level > 0)
+       /*
+        * If debug_query_string is set, it is the top level statement. But in some
+        * cases we reach here with debug_query_string set NULL for example in the
+        * case of DESCRIBE message handling or EXECUTE command. We may still see a
+        * candidate top-level query in pstate in the case.
+        */
+       if (!p && pstate)
+               p = pstate->p_sourcetext;
+
+       /* We don't see a query string, return NULL */
+       if (!p)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (jumblequery != NULL)
+               *jumblequery = query;
+
+       if (query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY)
        {
+               Query *target_query = (Query *)query->utilityStmt;
+
                /*
-                * This is quite ugly but this is the only point I could find where
-                * we can get the query string.
+                * Some CMD_UTILITY statements have a subquery that we can hint on.
+                * Since EXPLAIN can be placed before other kind of utility statements
+                * and EXECUTE can be contained other kind of utility statements, these
+                * conditions are not mutually exclusive and should be considered in
+                * this order.
                 */
-               p = (char*)error_context_stack->arg;
-       }
-       else if (stmt_name)
-       {
-               PreparedStatement  *entry;
+               if (IsA(target_query, ExplainStmt))
+               {
+                       ExplainStmt *stmt = (ExplainStmt *)target_query;
+                       
+                       Assert(IsA(stmt->query, Query));
+                       target_query = (Query *)stmt->query;
+
+                       /* strip out the top-level query for further processing */
+                       if (target_query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY &&
+                               target_query->utilityStmt != NULL)
+                               target_query = (Query *)target_query->utilityStmt;
+               }
 
-               entry = FetchPreparedStatement(stmt_name, true);
-               p = entry->plansource->query_string;
+               if (IsA(target_query, DeclareCursorStmt))
+               {
+                       DeclareCursorStmt *stmt = (DeclareCursorStmt *)target_query;
+                       Query *query = (Query *)stmt->query;
+
+                       /* the target must be CMD_SELECT in this case */
+                       Assert(IsA(query, Query) && query->commandType == CMD_SELECT);
+                       target_query = query;
+               }
+
+               if (IsA(target_query, CreateTableAsStmt))
+               {
+                       CreateTableAsStmt  *stmt = (CreateTableAsStmt *) target_query;
+
+                       Assert(IsA(stmt->query, Query));
+                       target_query = (Query *) stmt->query;
+
+                       /* strip out the top-level query for further processing */
+                       if (target_query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY &&
+                               target_query->utilityStmt != NULL)
+                               target_query = (Query *)target_query->utilityStmt;
+               }
+
+               if (IsA(target_query, ExecuteStmt))
+               {
+                       /*
+                        * Use the prepared query for EXECUTE. The Query for jumble
+                        * also replaced with the corresponding one.
+                        */
+                       ExecuteStmt *stmt = (ExecuteStmt *)target_query;
+                       PreparedStatement  *entry;
+
+                       entry = FetchPreparedStatement(stmt->name, true);
+                       p = entry->plansource->query_string;
+                       target_query = (Query *) linitial (entry->plansource->query_list);
+               }
+                       
+               /* JumbleQuery accespts only a non-utility Query */
+               if (!IsA(target_query, Query) ||
+                       target_query->utilityStmt != NULL)
+                       target_query = NULL;
+
+               if (jumblequery)
+                       *jumblequery = target_query;
        }
-       else
-               p = debug_query_string;
+       /*
+        * Return NULL if pstate is not of top-level query.  We don't need this
+        * when jumble info is not requested or cannot do this when pstate is NULL.
+        */
+       else if (!jumblequery && pstate && pstate->p_sourcetext != p &&
+                        strcmp(pstate->p_sourcetext, p) != 0)
+               p = NULL;
 
        return p;
 }
@@ -1755,6 +1994,9 @@ create_hintstate(Query *parse, const char *hints)
        if (hints == NULL)
                return NULL;
 
+       /* -1 means that no Parallel hint is specified. */
+       max_hint_nworkers = -1;
+
        p = hints;
        hstate = HintStateCreate();
        hstate->hint_str = (char *) hints;
@@ -1822,6 +2064,8 @@ create_hintstate(Query *parse, const char *hints)
                hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_LEADING]);
        hstate->rows_hints = (RowsHint **) (hstate->set_hints +
                hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_SET]);
+       hstate->parallel_hints = (ParallelHint **) (hstate->set_hints +
+               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_ROWS]);
 
        return hstate;
 }
@@ -1843,31 +2087,24 @@ ScanMethodHintParse(ScanMethodHint *hint, HintState *hstate, Query *parse,
 
        /* Parse relation name and index name(s) if given hint accepts. */
        length = list_length(name_list);
-       if (length > 0)
+
+       /* at least twp parameters required */
+       if (length < 1)
        {
-               hint->relname = linitial(name_list);
-               hint->indexnames = list_delete_first(name_list);
-
-               /* check whether the hint accepts index name(s). */
-               if (length != 1 &&
-                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCAN &&
-                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCANREGEXP &&
-                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCAN &&
-                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP &&
-                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCAN &&
-                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCANREGEXP)
-               {
-                       hint_ereport(str,
-                                                ("%s hint accepts only one relation.",
-                                                 hint->base.keyword));
-                       hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
-                       return str;
-               }
+               hint_ereport(str,
+                                        ("%s hint requires a relation.",  hint->base.keyword));
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+               return str;
        }
-       else
+
+       hint->relname = linitial(name_list);
+       hint->indexnames = list_delete_first(name_list);
+
+       /* check whether the hint accepts index name(s) */
+       if (length > 1 && !SCAN_HINT_ACCEPTS_INDEX_NAMES(hint_keyword))
        {
                hint_ereport(str,
-                                        ("%s hint requires a relation.",
+                                        ("%s hint accepts only one relation.",
                                          hint->base.keyword));
                hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
                return str;
@@ -2204,12 +2441,125 @@ RowsHintParse(RowsHint *hint, HintState *hstate, Query *parse,
        return str;
 }
 
+static const char *
+ParallelHintParse(ParallelHint *hint, HintState *hstate, Query *parse,
+                                 const char *str)
+{
+       HintKeyword             hint_keyword = hint->base.hint_keyword;
+       List               *name_list = NIL;
+       int                             length;
+       char   *end_ptr;
+       int             nworkers;
+       bool    force_parallel = false;
+
+       if ((str = parse_parentheses(str, &name_list, hint_keyword)) == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       /* Parse relation name and index name(s) if given hint accepts. */
+       length = list_length(name_list);
+
+       if (length < 2 || length > 3)
+       {
+               hint_ereport(")",
+                                        ("wrong number of arguments (%d): %s",
+                                         length,  hint->base.keyword));
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+               return str;
+       }
+
+       hint->relname = linitial(name_list);
+               
+       /* The second parameter is number of workers */
+       hint->nworkers_str = list_nth(name_list, 1);
+       nworkers = strtod(hint->nworkers_str, &end_ptr);
+       if (*end_ptr || nworkers < 0 || nworkers > max_worker_processes)
+       {
+               if (*end_ptr)
+                       hint_ereport(hint->nworkers_str,
+                                                ("number of workers must be a number: %s",
+                                                 hint->base.keyword));
+               else if (nworkers < 0)
+                       hint_ereport(hint->nworkers_str,
+                                                ("number of workers must be positive: %s",
+                                                 hint->base.keyword));
+               else if (nworkers > max_worker_processes)
+                       hint_ereport(hint->nworkers_str,
+                                                ("number of workers = %d is larger than max_worker_processes(%d): %s",
+                                                 nworkers, max_worker_processes, hint->base.keyword));
+
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       hint->nworkers = nworkers;
+
+       /* optional third parameter is specified */
+       if (length == 3)
+       {
+               const char *modeparam = (const char *)list_nth(name_list, 2);
+               if (pg_strcasecmp(modeparam, "hard") == 0)
+                       force_parallel = true;
+               else if (pg_strcasecmp(modeparam, "soft") != 0)
+               {
+                       hint_ereport(modeparam,
+                                                ("enforcement must be soft or hard: %s",
+                                                        hint->base.keyword));
+                       hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+               }
+       }
+
+       hint->force_parallel = force_parallel;
+
+       if (hint->base.state != HINT_STATE_ERROR &&
+               nworkers > max_hint_nworkers)
+               max_hint_nworkers = nworkers;
+
+       return str;
+}
+
 /*
  * set GUC parameter functions
  */
 
 static int
-set_config_option_wrapper(const char *name, const char *value,
+get_current_scan_mask()
+{
+       int mask = 0;
+
+       if (enable_seqscan)
+               mask |= ENABLE_SEQSCAN;
+       if (enable_indexscan)
+               mask |= ENABLE_INDEXSCAN;
+       if (enable_bitmapscan)
+               mask |= ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN;
+       if (enable_tidscan)
+               mask |= ENABLE_TIDSCAN;
+       if (enable_indexonlyscan)
+               mask |= ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN;
+
+       return mask;
+}
+
+static int
+get_current_join_mask()
+{
+       int mask = 0;
+
+       if (enable_nestloop)
+               mask |= ENABLE_NESTLOOP;
+       if (enable_mergejoin)
+               mask |= ENABLE_MERGEJOIN;
+       if (enable_hashjoin)
+               mask |= ENABLE_HASHJOIN;
+
+       return mask;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sets GUC prameters without throwing exception. Reutrns false if something
+ * wrong.
+ */
+static int
+set_config_option_noerror(const char *name, const char *value,
                                                  GucContext context, GucSource source,
                                                  GucAction action, bool changeVal, int elevel)
 {
@@ -2232,10 +2582,10 @@ set_config_option_wrapper(const char *name, const char *value,
 
                ereport(elevel,
                                (errcode(errdata->sqlerrcode),
-                                errhidestmt(hidestmt),
                                 errmsg("%s", errdata->message),
                                 errdata->detail ? errdetail("%s", errdata->detail) : 0,
                                 errdata->hint ? errhint("%s", errdata->hint) : 0));
+               msgqno = qno;
                FreeErrorData(errdata);
        }
        PG_END_TRY();
@@ -2243,13 +2593,33 @@ set_config_option_wrapper(const char *name, const char *value,
        return result;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Sets GUC parameter of int32 type without throwing exceptions. Returns false
+ * if something wrong.
+ */
 static int
-set_config_options(SetHint **options, int noptions, GucContext context)
+set_config_int32_option(const char *name, int32 value, GucContext context)
 {
-       int     i;
-       int     save_nestlevel;
+       char buf[16];   /* enough for int32 */
 
-       save_nestlevel = NewGUCNestLevel();
+       if (snprintf(buf, 16, "%d", value) < 0)
+       {
+               ereport(pg_hint_plan_parse_message_level,
+                               (errmsg ("Failed to convert integer to string: %d", value)));
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       return
+               set_config_option_noerror(name, buf, context,
+                                                                 PGC_S_SESSION, GUC_ACTION_SAVE, true,
+                                                                 pg_hint_plan_parse_message_level);
+}
+
+/* setup scan method enforcement according to given options */
+static void
+setup_guc_enforcement(SetHint **options, int noptions, GucContext context)
+{
+       int     i;
 
        for (i = 0; i < noptions; i++)
        {
@@ -2259,28 +2629,84 @@ set_config_options(SetHint **options, int noptions, GucContext context)
                if (!hint_state_enabled(hint))
                        continue;
 
-               result = set_config_option_wrapper(hint->name, hint->value, context,
+               result = set_config_option_noerror(hint->name, hint->value, context,
                                                                                   PGC_S_SESSION, GUC_ACTION_SAVE, true,
-                                                                                  pg_hint_plan_message_level);
+                                                                                  pg_hint_plan_parse_message_level);
                if (result != 0)
                        hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
                else
                        hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
        }
 
-       return save_nestlevel;
+       return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Setup parallel execution environment.
+ *
+ * If hint is not NULL, set up using it, elsewise reset to initial environment.
+ */
+static void
+setup_parallel_plan_enforcement(ParallelHint *hint, HintState *state)
+{
+       if (hint)
+       {
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
+               set_config_int32_option("max_parallel_workers_per_gather",
+                                                               hint->nworkers, state->context);
+       }
+       else
+               set_config_int32_option("max_parallel_workers_per_gather",
+                                                               state->init_nworkers, state->context);
+
+       /* force means that enforce parallel as far as possible */
+       if (hint && hint->force_parallel && hint->nworkers > 0)
+       {
+               set_config_int32_option("parallel_tuple_cost", 0, state->context);
+               set_config_int32_option("parallel_setup_cost", 0, state->context);
+               set_config_int32_option("min_parallel_table_scan_size", 0,
+                                                               state->context);
+               set_config_int32_option("min_parallel_index_scan_size", 0,
+                                                               state->context);
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               set_config_int32_option("parallel_tuple_cost",
+                                                               state->init_paratup_cost, state->context);
+               set_config_int32_option("parallel_setup_cost",
+                                                               state->init_parasetup_cost, state->context);
+               set_config_int32_option("min_parallel_table_scan_size",
+                                                               state->init_min_para_tablescan_size,
+                                                               state->context);
+               set_config_int32_option("min_parallel_index_scan_size",
+                                                               state->init_min_para_indexscan_size,
+                                                               state->context);
+       }
 }
 
 #define SET_CONFIG_OPTION(name, type_bits) \
-       set_config_option_wrapper((name), \
+       set_config_option_noerror((name), \
                (mask & (type_bits)) ? "true" : "false", \
                context, PGC_S_SESSION, GUC_ACTION_SAVE, true, ERROR)
 
+
+/*
+ * Setup GUC environment to enforce scan methods. If scanhint is NULL, reset
+ * GUCs to the saved state in state.
+ */
 static void
-set_scan_config_options(unsigned char enforce_mask, GucContext context)
+setup_scan_method_enforcement(ScanMethodHint *scanhint, HintState *state)
 {
+       unsigned char   enforce_mask = state->init_scan_mask;
+       GucContext              context = state->context;
        unsigned char   mask;
 
+       if (scanhint)
+       {
+               enforce_mask = scanhint->enforce_mask;
+               scanhint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
+       }
+
        if (enforce_mask == ENABLE_SEQSCAN || enforce_mask == ENABLE_INDEXSCAN ||
                enforce_mask == ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN || enforce_mask == ENABLE_TIDSCAN
                || enforce_mask == (ENABLE_INDEXSCAN | ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN)
@@ -2313,183 +2739,257 @@ set_join_config_options(unsigned char enforce_mask, GucContext context)
 }
 
 /*
- * pg_hint_plan hook functions
+ * Push a hint into hint stack which is implemented with List struct.  Head of
+ * list is top of stack.
  */
-
 static void
-pg_hint_plan_ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree, const char *queryString,
-                                                       ProcessUtilityContext context,
-                                                       ParamListInfo params,
-                                                       DestReceiver *dest, char *completionTag)
+push_hint(HintState *hstate)
 {
-       Node                               *node;
-
-       /* 
-        * Use standard planner if pg_hint_plan is disabled or current nesting 
-        * depth is nesting depth of SPI calls. 
-        */
-       if (!pg_hint_plan_enable_hint || hint_inhibit_level > 0)
-       {
-               if (debug_level > 1)
-                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
-                                       (errmsg ("pg_hint_plan: ProcessUtility:"
-                                                        " pg_hint_plan.enable_hint = off")));
-               if (prev_ProcessUtility)
-                       (*prev_ProcessUtility) (parsetree, queryString,
-                                                                       context, params,
-                                                                       dest, completionTag);
-               else
-                       standard_ProcessUtility(parsetree, queryString,
-                                                                       context, params,
-                                                                       dest, completionTag);
-               return;
-       }
-
-       node = parsetree;
-       if (IsA(node, ExplainStmt))
-       {
-               /*
-                * Draw out parse tree of actual query from Query struct of EXPLAIN
-                * statement.
-                */
-               ExplainStmt        *stmt;
-               Query              *query;
-
-               stmt = (ExplainStmt *) node;
+       /* Prepend new hint to the list means pushing to stack. */
+       HintStateStack = lcons(hstate, HintStateStack);
 
-               Assert(IsA(stmt->query, Query));
-               query = (Query *) stmt->query;
+       /* Pushed hint is the one which should be used hereafter. */
+       current_hint_state = hstate;
+}
 
-               if (query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY && query->utilityStmt != NULL)
-                       node = query->utilityStmt;
-       }
+/* Pop a hint from hint stack.  Popped hint is automatically discarded. */
+static void
+pop_hint(void)
+{
+       /* Hint stack must not be empty. */
+       if(HintStateStack == NIL)
+               elog(ERROR, "hint stack is empty");
 
        /*
-        * If the query was a EXECUTE or CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE, get query string
-        * specified to preceding PREPARE command to use it as source of hints.
+        * Take a hint at the head from the list, and free it.  Switch
+        * current_hint_state to point new head (NULL if the list is empty).
         */
-       if (IsA(node, ExecuteStmt))
-       {
-               ExecuteStmt        *stmt;
+       HintStateStack = list_delete_first(HintStateStack);
+       HintStateDelete(current_hint_state);
+       if(HintStateStack == NIL)
+               current_hint_state = NULL;
+       else
+               current_hint_state = (HintState *) lfirst(list_head(HintStateStack));
+}
 
-               stmt = (ExecuteStmt *) node;
-               stmt_name = stmt->name;
-       }
+/*
+ * Retrieve and store hint string from given query or from the hint table.
+ */
+static void
+get_current_hint_string(ParseState *pstate, Query *query)
+{
+       const char *query_str;
+       MemoryContext   oldcontext;
 
-       /*
-        * CREATE AS EXECUTE behavior has changed since 9.2, so we must handle it
-        * specially here.
-        */
-       if (IsA(node, CreateTableAsStmt))
-       {
-               CreateTableAsStmt          *stmt;
-               Query              *query;
+       /* do nothing under hint table search */
+       if (hint_inhibit_level > 0)
+               return;
+
+       /* We alredy have one, don't parse it again. */
+       if (current_hint_retrieved)
+               return;
 
-               stmt = (CreateTableAsStmt *) node;
-               Assert(IsA(stmt->query, Query));
-               query = (Query *) stmt->query;
+       /* Don't parse the current query hereafter */
+       current_hint_retrieved = true;
 
-               if (query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY &&
-                       IsA(query->utilityStmt, ExecuteStmt))
+       if (!pg_hint_plan_enable_hint)
+       {
+               if (current_hint_str)
                {
-                       ExecuteStmt *estmt = (ExecuteStmt *) query->utilityStmt;
-                       stmt_name = estmt->name;
+                       pfree((void *)current_hint_str);
+                       current_hint_str = NULL;
                }
+               return;
        }
 
-       if (stmt_name)
+       /* increment the query number */
+       qnostr[0] = 0;
+       if (debug_level > 1)
+               snprintf(qnostr, sizeof(qnostr), "[qno=0x%x]", qno++);
+       qno++;
+
+       /* search the hint table for a hint if requested */
+       if (pg_hint_plan_enable_hint_table)
        {
-               if (debug_level > 1)
-                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
-                                       (errmsg ("pg_hint_plan: ProcessUtility:"
-                                                        " stmt_name = \"%s\", statement=\"%s\"",
-                                                        stmt_name, queryString)));
+               int                             query_len;
+               pgssJumbleState jstate;
+               Query              *jumblequery;
+               char               *normalized_query = NULL;
+
+               query_str = get_query_string(pstate, query, &jumblequery);
+
+               /* If this query is not for hint, just return */
+               if (!query_str)
+                       return;
 
-               PG_TRY();
+               /* clear the previous hint string */
+               if (current_hint_str)
                {
-                       if (prev_ProcessUtility)
-                               (*prev_ProcessUtility) (parsetree, queryString,
-                                                                               context, params,
-                                                                               dest, completionTag);
-                       else
-                               standard_ProcessUtility(parsetree, queryString,
-                                                                               context, params,
-                                                                               dest, completionTag);
+                       pfree((void *)current_hint_str);
+                       current_hint_str = NULL;
                }
-               PG_CATCH();
+               
+               if (jumblequery)
                {
-                       stmt_name = NULL;
-                       PG_RE_THROW();
+                       /*
+                        * XXX: normalization code is copied from pg_stat_statements.c.
+                        * Make sure to keep up-to-date with it.
+                        */
+                       jstate.jumble = (unsigned char *) palloc(JUMBLE_SIZE);
+                       jstate.jumble_len = 0;
+                       jstate.clocations_buf_size = 32;
+                       jstate.clocations = (pgssLocationLen *)
+                               palloc(jstate.clocations_buf_size * sizeof(pgssLocationLen));
+                       jstate.clocations_count = 0;
+
+                       JumbleQuery(&jstate, jumblequery);
+
+                       /*
+                        * Normalize the query string by replacing constants with '?'
+                        */
+                       /*
+                        * Search hint string which is stored keyed by query string
+                        * and application name.  The query string is normalized to allow
+                        * fuzzy matching.
+                        *
+                        * Adding 1 byte to query_len ensures that the returned string has
+                        * a terminating NULL.
+                        */
+                       query_len = strlen(query_str) + 1;
+                       normalized_query =
+                               generate_normalized_query(&jstate, query_str,
+                                                                                 query->stmt_location,
+                                                                                 &query_len,
+                                                                                 GetDatabaseEncoding());
+
+                       /*
+                        * find a hint for the normalized query. the result should be in
+                        * TopMemoryContext
+                        */
+                       oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopMemoryContext);
+                       current_hint_str =
+                               get_hints_from_table(normalized_query, application_name);
+                       MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
+
+                       if (debug_level > 1)
+                       {
+                               if (current_hint_str)
+                                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
+                                                       (errmsg("pg_hint_plan[qno=0x%x]: "
+                                                                       "post_parse_analyze_hook: "
+                                                                       "hints from table: \"%s\": "
+                                                                       "normalized_query=\"%s\", "
+                                                                       "application name =\"%s\"",
+                                                                       qno, current_hint_str,
+                                                                       normalized_query, application_name),
+                                                        errhidestmt(msgqno != qno),
+                                                        errhidecontext(msgqno != qno)));
+                               else
+                                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
+                                                       (errmsg("pg_hint_plan[qno=0x%x]: "
+                                                                       "no match found in table:  "
+                                                                       "application name = \"%s\", "
+                                                                       "normalized_query=\"%s\"",
+                                                                       qno, application_name,
+                                                                       normalized_query),
+                                                        errhidestmt(msgqno != qno),
+                                                        errhidecontext(msgqno != qno)));
+
+                               msgqno = qno;
+                       }
                }
-               PG_END_TRY();
 
-               stmt_name = NULL;
+               /* retrun if we have hint here */
+               if (current_hint_str)
+                       return;
+       }
+       else
+               query_str = get_query_string(pstate, query, NULL);
 
-               return;
+       if (query_str)
+       {
+               /*
+                * get hints from the comment. However we may have the same query
+                * string with the previous call, but the extra comparison seems no
+                * use..
+                */
+               if (current_hint_str)
+                       pfree((void *)current_hint_str);
+
+               oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopMemoryContext);
+               current_hint_str = get_hints_from_comment(query_str);
+               MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
        }
 
-       if (prev_ProcessUtility)
-                       (*prev_ProcessUtility) (parsetree, queryString,
-                                                                       context, params,
-                                                                       dest, completionTag);
+       if (debug_level > 1)
+       {
+               if (debug_level == 1 && query_str && debug_query_string &&
+                       strcmp(query_str, debug_query_string))
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
+                                       (errmsg("hints in comment=\"%s\"",
+                                                       current_hint_str ? current_hint_str : "(none)"),
+                                        errhidestmt(msgqno != qno),
+                                        errhidecontext(msgqno != qno)));
                else
-                       standard_ProcessUtility(parsetree, queryString,
-                                                                       context, params,
-                                                                       dest, completionTag);
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
+                                       (errmsg("hints in comment=\"%s\", query=\"%s\", debug_query_string=\"%s\"",
+                                                       current_hint_str ? current_hint_str : "(none)",
+                                                       query_str ? query_str : "(none)",
+                                                       debug_query_string ? debug_query_string : "(none)"),
+                                        errhidestmt(msgqno != qno),
+                                        errhidecontext(msgqno != qno)));
+               msgqno = qno;
+       }
 }
 
 /*
- * Push a hint into hint stack which is implemented with List struct.  Head of
- * list is top of stack.
+ * Retrieve hint string from the current query.
  */
 static void
-push_hint(HintState *hstate)
+pg_hint_plan_post_parse_analyze(ParseState *pstate, Query *query)
 {
-       /* Prepend new hint to the list means pushing to stack. */
-       HintStateStack = lcons(hstate, HintStateStack);
+       if (prev_post_parse_analyze_hook)
+               prev_post_parse_analyze_hook(pstate, query);
 
-       /* Pushed hint is the one which should be used hereafter. */
-       current_hint_state = hstate;
+       /* always retrieve hint from the top-level query string */
+       if (plpgsql_recurse_level == 0)
+               current_hint_retrieved = false;
+
+       get_current_hint_string(pstate, query);
 }
 
-/* Pop a hint from hint stack.  Popped hint is automatically discarded. */
+/*
+ * We need to reset current_hint_retrieved flag always when a command execution
+ * is finished. This is true even for a pure utility command that doesn't
+ * involve planning phase.
+ */
 static void
-pop_hint(void)
+pg_hint_plan_ProcessUtility(PlannedStmt *pstmt, const char *queryString,
+                                       ProcessUtilityContext context,
+                                       ParamListInfo params, QueryEnvironment *queryEnv,
+                                       DestReceiver *dest, char *completionTag)
 {
-       /* Hint stack must not be empty. */
-       if(HintStateStack == NIL)
-               elog(ERROR, "hint stack is empty");
-
-       /*
-        * Take a hint at the head from the list, and free it.  Switch
-        * current_hint_state to point new head (NULL if the list is empty).
-        */
-       HintStateStack = list_delete_first(HintStateStack);
-       HintStateDelete(current_hint_state);
-       if(HintStateStack == NIL)
-               current_hint_state = NULL;
+       if (prev_ProcessUtility_hook)
+               prev_ProcessUtility_hook(pstmt, queryString, context, params, queryEnv,
+                                                                dest, completionTag);
        else
-               current_hint_state = (HintState *) lfirst(list_head(HintStateStack));
+               standard_ProcessUtility(pstmt, queryString, context, params, queryEnv,
+                                                                dest, completionTag);
+
+       if (plpgsql_recurse_level == 0)
+               current_hint_retrieved = false;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Read and set up hint information
+ */
 static PlannedStmt *
 pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions, ParamListInfo boundParams)
 {
-       const char         *hints = NULL;
-       const char         *query;
-       char               *norm_query;
-       pgssJumbleState jstate;
-       int                             query_len;
        int                             save_nestlevel;
        PlannedStmt        *result;
        HintState          *hstate;
-       char                    msgstr[1024];
-
-       qnostr[0] = 0;
-       strcpy(msgstr, "");
-       if (debug_level > 1)
-               snprintf(qnostr, sizeof(qnostr), "[qno=0x%x]", qno++);
-       hidestmt = false;
+       const char         *prev_hint_str;
 
        /*
         * Use standard planner if pg_hint_plan is disabled or current nesting 
@@ -2499,142 +2999,97 @@ pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions, ParamListInfo boundParams)
        if (!pg_hint_plan_enable_hint || hint_inhibit_level > 0)
        {
                if (debug_level > 1)
-                       elog(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
-                                "pg_hint_plan%s: planner: enable_hint=%d,"
-                                " hint_inhibit_level=%d",
-                                qnostr, pg_hint_plan_enable_hint, hint_inhibit_level);
-               hidestmt = true;
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
+                                       (errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: planner: enable_hint=%d,"
+                                                        " hint_inhibit_level=%d",
+                                                        qnostr, pg_hint_plan_enable_hint,
+                                                        hint_inhibit_level),
+                                        errhidestmt(msgqno != qno)));
+               msgqno = qno;
 
                goto standard_planner_proc;
        }
 
-       /* Create hint struct from client-supplied query string. */
-       query = get_query_string();
-
        /*
-        * Create hintstate from hint specified for the query, if any.
-        *
-        * First we lookup hint in pg_hint.hints table by normalized query string,
-        * unless pg_hint_plan.enable_hint_table is OFF.
-        * This parameter provides option to avoid overhead of table lookup during
-        * planning.
-        *
-        * If no hint was found, then we try to get hint from special query comment.
+        * Support for nested plpgsql functions. This is quite ugly but this is the
+        * only point I could find where I can get the query string.
         */
-       if (pg_hint_plan_enable_hint_table)
-       {
-               /*
-                * Search hint information which is stored for the query and the
-                * application.  Query string is normalized before using in condition
-                * in order to allow fuzzy matching.
-                *
-                * XXX: normalizing code is copied from pg_stat_statements.c, so be
-                * careful when supporting PostgreSQL's version up.
-                */
-               jstate.jumble = (unsigned char *) palloc(JUMBLE_SIZE);
-               jstate.jumble_len = 0;
-               jstate.clocations_buf_size = 32;
-               jstate.clocations = (pgssLocationLen *)
-                       palloc(jstate.clocations_buf_size * sizeof(pgssLocationLen));
-               jstate.clocations_count = 0;
-               JumbleQuery(&jstate, parse);
-               /*
-                * generate_normalized_query() copies exact given query_len bytes, so we
-                * add 1 byte for null-termination here.  As comments on
-                * generate_normalized_query says, generate_normalized_query doesn't
-                * take care of null-terminate, but additional 1 byte ensures that '\0'
-                * byte in the source buffer to be copied into norm_query.
-                */
-               query_len = strlen(query) + 1;
-               norm_query = generate_normalized_query(&jstate,
-                                                                                          query,
-                                                                                          &query_len,
-                                                                                          GetDatabaseEncoding());
-               hints = get_hints_from_table(norm_query, application_name);
-               if (debug_level > 1)
-               {
-                       if (hints)
-                               snprintf(msgstr, 1024, "hints from table: \"%s\":"
-                                                " normalzed_query=\"%s\", application name =\"%s\"",
-                                                hints, norm_query, application_name);
-                       else
-                       {
-                               ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
-                                               (errhidestmt(hidestmt),
-                                                errmsg("pg_hint_plan%s:"
-                                                               " no match found in table:"
-                                                               "  application name = \"%s\","
-                                                               " normalzed_query=\"%s\"",
-                                                               qnostr, application_name, norm_query)));
-                               hidestmt = true;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       if (hints == NULL)
+       if (plpgsql_recurse_level > 0)
        {
-               hints = get_hints_from_comment(query);
+               MemoryContext oldcontext;
 
-               if (debug_level > 1)
-               {
-                       snprintf(msgstr, 1024, "hints in comment=\"%s\"",
-                                        hints ? hints : "(none)");
-                       if (debug_level > 2 || 
-                               stmt_name || strcmp(query, debug_query_string))
-                               snprintf(msgstr + strlen(msgstr), 1024- strlen(msgstr), 
-                                        ", stmt=\"%s\", query=\"%s\", debug_query_string=\"%s\"",
-                                                stmt_name, query, debug_query_string);
-               }
+               oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopMemoryContext);
+               current_hint_str =
+                       get_hints_from_comment((char *)error_context_stack->arg);
+               MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
        }
 
-       hstate = create_hintstate(parse, hints);
-
        /*
-        * Use standard planner if the statement has not valid hint.  Other hook
-        * functions try to change plan with current_hint_state if any, so set it
-        * to NULL.
+        * Query execution in extended protocol can be started without the analyze
+        * phase. In the case retrieve hint string here.
         */
-       if (!hstate)
+       if (!current_hint_str)
+               get_current_hint_string(NULL, parse);
+
+       /* No hint, go the normal way */
+       if (!current_hint_str)
                goto standard_planner_proc;
 
+       /* parse the hint into hint state struct */
+       hstate = create_hintstate(parse, pstrdup(current_hint_str));
+
+       /* run standard planner if the statement has not valid hint */
+       if (!hstate)
+               goto standard_planner_proc;
+       
        /*
         * Push new hint struct to the hint stack to disable previous hint context.
         */
        push_hint(hstate);
 
-       /* Set GUC parameters which are specified with Set hint. */
-       save_nestlevel =
-               set_config_options(current_hint_state->set_hints,
+       /*  Set scan enforcement here. */
+       save_nestlevel = NewGUCNestLevel();
+
+       /* Apply Set hints, then save it as the initial state  */
+       setup_guc_enforcement(current_hint_state->set_hints,
                                                   current_hint_state->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_SET],
                                                   current_hint_state->context);
        
-       /* save current status to current_hint_state */
-       if (enable_seqscan)
-               current_hint_state->init_scan_mask |= ENABLE_SEQSCAN;
-       if (enable_indexscan)
-               current_hint_state->init_scan_mask |= ENABLE_INDEXSCAN;
-       if (enable_bitmapscan)
-               current_hint_state->init_scan_mask |= ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN;
-       if (enable_tidscan)
-               current_hint_state->init_scan_mask |= ENABLE_TIDSCAN;
-       if (enable_indexonlyscan)
-               current_hint_state->init_scan_mask |= ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN;
-       if (enable_nestloop)
-               current_hint_state->init_join_mask |= ENABLE_NESTLOOP;
-       if (enable_mergejoin)
-               current_hint_state->init_join_mask |= ENABLE_MERGEJOIN;
-       if (enable_hashjoin)
-               current_hint_state->init_join_mask |= ENABLE_HASHJOIN;
+       current_hint_state->init_scan_mask = get_current_scan_mask();
+       current_hint_state->init_join_mask = get_current_join_mask();
+       current_hint_state->init_min_para_tablescan_size =
+               min_parallel_table_scan_size;
+       current_hint_state->init_min_para_indexscan_size =
+               min_parallel_index_scan_size;
+       current_hint_state->init_paratup_cost = parallel_tuple_cost;
+       current_hint_state->init_parasetup_cost = parallel_setup_cost;
+
+       /*
+        * max_parallel_workers_per_gather should be non-zero here if Workers hint
+        * is specified.
+        */
+       if (max_hint_nworkers > 0 && max_parallel_workers_per_gather < 1)
+               set_config_int32_option("max_parallel_workers_per_gather",
+                                                               1, current_hint_state->context);
+       current_hint_state->init_nworkers = max_parallel_workers_per_gather;
 
        if (debug_level > 1)
        {
-               ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
-                               (errhidestmt(hidestmt),
-                                errmsg("pg_hint_plan%s: planner: %s",
-                                               qnostr, msgstr))); 
-               hidestmt = true;
+               ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
+                               (errhidestmt(msgqno != qno),
+                                errmsg("pg_hint_plan%s: planner", qnostr))); 
+               msgqno = qno;
        }
 
        /*
+        * The planner call below may replace current_hint_str. Store and restore
+        * it so that the subsequent planning in the upper level doesn't get
+        * confused.
+        */
+       recurse_level++;
+       prev_hint_str = current_hint_str;
+       
+       /*
         * Use PG_TRY mechanism to recover GUC parameters and current_hint_state to
         * the state when this planner started when error occurred in planner.
         */
@@ -2644,6 +3099,9 @@ pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions, ParamListInfo boundParams)
                        result = (*prev_planner) (parse, cursorOptions, boundParams);
                else
                        result = standard_planner(parse, cursorOptions, boundParams);
+
+               current_hint_str = prev_hint_str;
+               recurse_level--;
        }
        PG_CATCH();
        {
@@ -2651,12 +3109,25 @@ pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions, ParamListInfo boundParams)
                 * Rollback changes of GUC parameters, and pop current hint context
                 * from hint stack to rewind the state.
                 */
+               current_hint_str = prev_hint_str;
+               recurse_level--;
                AtEOXact_GUC(true, save_nestlevel);
                pop_hint();
                PG_RE_THROW();
        }
        PG_END_TRY();
 
+
+       /*
+        * current_hint_str is useless after planning of the top-level query.
+        */
+       if (recurse_level < 1 && current_hint_str)
+       {
+               pfree((void *)current_hint_str);
+               current_hint_str = NULL;
+               current_hint_retrieved = false;
+       }
+
        /* Print hint in debug mode. */
        if (debug_level == 1)
                HintStateDump(current_hint_state);
@@ -2675,11 +3146,11 @@ pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions, ParamListInfo boundParams)
 standard_planner_proc:
        if (debug_level > 1)
        {
-               ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
-                               (errhidestmt(hidestmt),
-                                errmsg("pg_hint_plan%s: planner: no valid hint (%s)",
-                                               qnostr, msgstr)));
-               hidestmt = true;
+               ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
+                               (errhidestmt(msgqno != qno),
+                                errmsg("pg_hint_plan%s: planner: no valid hint",
+                                               qnostr)));
+               msgqno = qno;
        }
        current_hint_state = NULL;
        if (prev_planner)
@@ -2689,26 +3160,44 @@ standard_planner_proc:
 }
 
 /*
- * Return scan method hint which matches given aliasname.
+ * Find scan method hint to be applied to the given relation
+ *
  */
 static ScanMethodHint *
-find_scan_hint(PlannerInfo *root, Index relid, RelOptInfo *rel)
+find_scan_hint(PlannerInfo *root, Index relid)
 {
+       RelOptInfo         *rel;
        RangeTblEntry  *rte;
+       ScanMethodHint  *real_name_hint = NULL;
+       ScanMethodHint  *alias_hint = NULL;
        int                             i;
 
+       /* This should not be a join rel */
+       Assert(relid > 0);
+       rel = root->simple_rel_array[relid];
+
        /*
-        * We can't apply scan method hint if the relation is:
-        *   - not a base relation
-        *   - not an ordinary relation (such as join and subquery)
+        * This function is called for any RelOptInfo or its inheritance parent if
+        * any. If we are called from inheritance planner, the RelOptInfo for the
+        * parent of target child relation is not set in the planner info.
+        *
+        * Otherwise we should check that the reloptinfo is base relation or
+        * inheritance children.
         */
-       if (rel && (rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL || rel->rtekind != RTE_RELATION))
+       if (rel &&
+               rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL &&
+               rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL)
                return NULL;
 
+       /*
+        * This is baserel or appendrel children. We can refer to RangeTblEntry.
+        */
        rte = root->simple_rte_array[relid];
+       Assert(rte);
 
-       /* We can't force scan method of foreign tables */
-       if (rte->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
+       /* We don't hint on other than relation and foreign tables */
+       if (rte->rtekind != RTE_RELATION ||
+               rte->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
                return NULL;
 
        /* Find scan method hint, which matches given names, from the list. */
@@ -2720,11 +3209,98 @@ find_scan_hint(PlannerInfo *root, Index relid, RelOptInfo *rel)
                if (!hint_state_enabled(hint))
                        continue;
 
-               if (RelnameCmp(&rte->eref->aliasname, &hint->relname) == 0)
-                       return hint;
+               if (!alias_hint &&
+                       RelnameCmp(&rte->eref->aliasname, &hint->relname) == 0)
+                       alias_hint = hint;
+
+               /* check the real name for appendrel children */
+               if (!real_name_hint &&
+                       rel && rel->reloptkind == RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL)
+               {
+                       char *realname = get_rel_name(rte->relid);
+
+                       if (realname && RelnameCmp(&realname, &hint->relname) == 0)
+                               real_name_hint = hint;
+               }
+
+               /* No more match expected, break  */
+               if(alias_hint && real_name_hint)
+                       break;
        }
 
-       return NULL;
+       /* real name match precedes alias match */
+       if (real_name_hint)
+               return real_name_hint;
+
+       return alias_hint;
+}
+
+static ParallelHint *
+find_parallel_hint(PlannerInfo *root, Index relid)
+{
+       RelOptInfo         *rel;
+       RangeTblEntry  *rte;
+       ParallelHint    *real_name_hint = NULL;
+       ParallelHint    *alias_hint = NULL;
+       int                             i;
+
+       /* This should not be a join rel */
+       Assert(relid > 0);
+       rel = root->simple_rel_array[relid];
+
+       /*
+        * Parallel planning is appliable only on base relation, which has
+        * RelOptInfo. 
+        */
+       if (!rel)
+               return NULL;
+
+       /*
+        * We have set root->glob->parallelModeOK if needed. What we should do here
+        * is just following the decision of planner.
+        */
+       if (!rel->consider_parallel)
+               return NULL;
+
+       /*
+        * This is baserel or appendrel children. We can refer to RangeTblEntry.
+        */
+       rte = root->simple_rte_array[relid];
+       Assert(rte);
+
+       /* Find parallel method hint, which matches given names, from the list. */
+       for (i = 0; i < current_hint_state->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_PARALLEL]; i++)
+       {
+               ParallelHint *hint = current_hint_state->parallel_hints[i];
+
+               /* We ignore disabled hints. */
+               if (!hint_state_enabled(hint))
+                       continue;
+
+               if (!alias_hint &&
+                       RelnameCmp(&rte->eref->aliasname, &hint->relname) == 0)
+                       alias_hint = hint;
+
+               /* check the real name for appendrel children */
+               if (!real_name_hint &&
+                       rel && rel->reloptkind == RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL)
+               {
+                       char *realname = get_rel_name(rte->relid);
+
+                       if (realname && RelnameCmp(&realname, &hint->relname) == 0)
+                               real_name_hint = hint;
+               }
+
+               /* No more match expected, break  */
+               if(alias_hint && real_name_hint)
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       /* real name match precedes alias match */
+       if (real_name_hint)
+               return real_name_hint;
+
+       return alias_hint;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2754,13 +3330,18 @@ regexpeq(const char *s1, const char *s2)
        return DatumGetBool(result);
 }
 
+
+/* Remove indexes instructed not to use by hint. */
 static void
-delete_indexes(ScanMethodHint *hint, RelOptInfo *rel, Oid relationObjectId)
+restrict_indexes(PlannerInfo *root, ScanMethodHint *hint, RelOptInfo *rel,
+                          bool using_parent_hint)
 {
        ListCell           *cell;
        ListCell           *prev;
        ListCell           *next;
        StringInfoData  buf;
+       RangeTblEntry  *rte = root->simple_rte_array[rel->relid];
+       Oid                             relationObjectId = rte->relid;
 
        /*
         * We delete all the IndexOptInfo list and prevent you from being usable by
@@ -2823,10 +3404,11 @@ delete_indexes(ScanMethodHint *hint, RelOptInfo *rel, Oid relationObjectId)
                }
 
                /*
-                * to make the index a candidate when definition of this index is
-                * matched with the index's definition of current_hint_state.
+                * Apply index restriction of parent hint to children. Since index
+                * inheritance is not explicitly described we should search for an
+                * children's index with the same definition to that of the parent.
                 */
-               if (OidIsValid(relationObjectId) && !use_index)
+               if (using_parent_hint && !use_index)
                {
                        foreach(l, current_hint_state->parent_index_infos)
                        {
@@ -2834,73 +3416,63 @@ delete_indexes(ScanMethodHint *hint, RelOptInfo *rel, Oid relationObjectId)
                                HeapTuple                       ht_idx;
                                ParentIndexInfo    *p_info = (ParentIndexInfo *)lfirst(l);
 
-                               /* check to match the parameter of unique */
-                               if (p_info->indisunique != info->unique)
-                                       continue;
-
-                               /* check to match the parameter of index's method */
-                               if (p_info->method != info->relam)
-                                       continue;
-
-                               /* to check to match the indexkey's configuration */
-                               if ((list_length(p_info->column_names)) !=
-                                        info->ncolumns)
+                               /*
+                                * we check the 'same' index by comparing uniqueness, access
+                                * method and index key columns.
+                                */
+                               if (p_info->indisunique != info->unique ||
+                                       p_info->method != info->relam ||
+                                       list_length(p_info->column_names) != info->ncolumns)
                                        continue;
 
-                               /* check to match the indexkey's configuration */
+                               /* Check if index key columns match */
                                for (i = 0; i < info->ncolumns; i++)
                                {
                                        char       *c_attname = NULL;
                                        char       *p_attname = NULL;
 
-                                       p_attname =
-                                               list_nth(p_info->column_names, i);
+                                       p_attname = list_nth(p_info->column_names, i);
 
-                                       /* both are expressions */
+                                       /*
+                                        * if both of the key of the same position are expressions,
+                                        * ignore them for now and check later.
+                                        */
                                        if (info->indexkeys[i] == 0 && !p_attname)
                                                continue;
 
-                                       /* one's column is expression, the other is not */
+                                       /* deny if one is expression while another is not */
                                        if (info->indexkeys[i] == 0 || !p_attname)
                                                break;
 
                                        c_attname = get_attname(relationObjectId,
-                                                                                               info->indexkeys[i]);
-
-                                       if (strcmp(p_attname, c_attname) != 0)
-                                               break;
-
-                                       if (p_info->indcollation[i] != info->indexcollations[i])
-                                               break;
-
-                                       if (p_info->opclass[i] != info->opcintype[i])
-                                               break;
-
-                                       if (((p_info->indoption[i] & INDOPTION_DESC) != 0) !=
-                                               info->reverse_sort[i])
+                                                                                       info->indexkeys[i], false);
+
+                                       /* deny if any of column attributes don't match */
+                                       if (strcmp(p_attname, c_attname) != 0 ||
+                                               p_info->indcollation[i] != info->indexcollations[i] ||
+                                               p_info->opclass[i] != info->opcintype[i]||
+                                               ((p_info->indoption[i] & INDOPTION_DESC) != 0)
+                                               != info->reverse_sort[i] ||
+                                               ((p_info->indoption[i] & INDOPTION_NULLS_FIRST) != 0)
+                                               != info->nulls_first[i])
                                                break;
-
-                                       if (((p_info->indoption[i] & INDOPTION_NULLS_FIRST) != 0) !=
-                                               info->nulls_first[i])
-                                               break;
-
                                }
 
+                               /* deny this if any difference found */
                                if (i != info->ncolumns)
                                        continue;
 
+                               /* check on key expressions  */
                                if ((p_info->expression_str && (info->indexprs != NIL)) ||
                                        (p_info->indpred_str && (info->indpred != NIL)))
                                {
-                                       /*
-                                        * Fetch the pg_index tuple by the Oid of the index
-                                        */
+                                       /* fetch the index of this child */
                                        ht_idx = SearchSysCache1(INDEXRELID,
                                                                                         ObjectIdGetDatum(info->indexoid));
 
-                                       /* check to match the expression's parameter of index */
+                                       /* check expressions if both expressions are available */
                                        if (p_info->expression_str &&
-                                               !heap_attisnull(ht_idx, Anum_pg_index_indexprs))
+                                               !heap_attisnull(ht_idx, Anum_pg_index_indexprs, NULL))
                                        {
                                                Datum       exprsDatum;
                                                bool        isnull;
@@ -2919,28 +3491,24 @@ delete_indexes(ScanMethodHint *hint, RelOptInfo *rel, Oid relationObjectId)
                                                                                                         ObjectIdGetDatum(
                                                                                                                 relationObjectId));
 
+                                               /* deny if expressions don't match */
                                                if (strcmp(p_info->expression_str,
                                                                   text_to_cstring(DatumGetTextP(result))) != 0)
                                                {
                                                        /* Clean up */
                                                        ReleaseSysCache(ht_idx);
-
                                                        continue;
                                                }
                                        }
 
-                                       /* Check to match the predicate's parameter of index */
+                                       /* compare index predicates  */
                                        if (p_info->indpred_str &&
-                                               !heap_attisnull(ht_idx, Anum_pg_index_indpred))
+                                               !heap_attisnull(ht_idx, Anum_pg_index_indpred, NULL))
                                        {
                                                Datum       predDatum;
                                                bool        isnull;
                                                Datum       result;
 
-                                               /*
-                                                * to change the predicate's parameter of child's
-                                                * index to strings
-                                                */
                                                predDatum = SysCacheGetAttr(INDEXRELID, ht_idx,
                                                                                                         Anum_pg_index_indpred,
                                                                                                         &isnull);
@@ -2955,7 +3523,6 @@ delete_indexes(ScanMethodHint *hint, RelOptInfo *rel, Oid relationObjectId)
                                                {
                                                        /* Clean up */
                                                        ReleaseSysCache(ht_idx);
-
                                                        continue;
                                                }
                                        }
@@ -2991,18 +3558,23 @@ delete_indexes(ScanMethodHint *hint, RelOptInfo *rel, Oid relationObjectId)
 
        if (debug_level == 1)
        {
-               char   *relname;
                StringInfoData  rel_buf;
+               char *disprelname = "";
 
-               if (OidIsValid(relationObjectId))
-                       relname = get_rel_name(relationObjectId);
+               /*
+                * If this hint targetted the parent, use the real name of this
+                * child. Otherwise use hint specification.
+                */
+               if (using_parent_hint)
+                       disprelname = get_rel_name(rte->relid);
                else
-                       relname = hint->relname;
+                       disprelname = hint->relname;
+                       
 
                initStringInfo(&rel_buf);
-               quote_value(&rel_buf, relname);
+               quote_value(&rel_buf, disprelname);
 
-               ereport(LOG,
+               ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
                                (errmsg("available indexes for %s(%s):%s",
                                         hint->base.keyword,
                                         rel_buf.data,
@@ -3036,9 +3608,14 @@ get_parent_index_info(Oid indexoid, Oid relid)
        p_info->opclass = (Oid *) palloc(sizeof(Oid) * index->indnatts);
        p_info->indoption = (int16 *) palloc(sizeof(Oid) * index->indnatts);
 
+       /*
+        * Collect relation attribute names of index columns for index
+        * identification, not index attribute names. NULL means expression index
+        * columns.
+        */
        for (i = 0; i < index->indnatts; i++)
        {
-               attname = get_attname(relid, index->indkey.values[i]);
+               attname = get_attname(relid, index->indkey.values[i], true);
                p_info->column_names = lappend(p_info->column_names, attname);
 
                p_info->indcollation[i] = indexRelation->rd_indcollation[i];
@@ -3050,7 +3627,8 @@ get_parent_index_info(Oid indexoid, Oid relid)
         * to check to match the expression's parameter of index with child indexes
         */
        p_info->expression_str = NULL;
-       if(!heap_attisnull(indexRelation->rd_indextuple, Anum_pg_index_indexprs))
+       if(!heap_attisnull(indexRelation->rd_indextuple, Anum_pg_index_indexprs,
+                                          NULL))
        {
                Datum       exprsDatum;
                bool            isnull;
@@ -3070,7 +3648,8 @@ get_parent_index_info(Oid indexoid, Oid relid)
         * to check to match the predicate's parameter of index with child indexes
         */
        p_info->indpred_str = NULL;
-       if(!heap_attisnull(indexRelation->rd_indextuple, Anum_pg_index_indpred))
+       if(!heap_attisnull(indexRelation->rd_indextuple, Anum_pg_index_indpred,
+                                          NULL))
        {
                Datum       predDatum;
                bool            isnull;
@@ -3091,58 +3670,73 @@ get_parent_index_info(Oid indexoid, Oid relid)
        return p_info;
 }
 
+/*
+ * cancel hint enforcement
+ */
 static void
-pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info(PlannerInfo *root, Oid relationObjectId,
-                                                          bool inhparent, RelOptInfo *rel)
+reset_hint_enforcement()
 {
-       ScanMethodHint *hint = NULL;
-       ListCell *l;
-       Index new_parent_relid = 0;
+       setup_scan_method_enforcement(NULL, current_hint_state);
+       setup_parallel_plan_enforcement(NULL, current_hint_state);
+}
 
-       if (prev_get_relation_info)
-               (*prev_get_relation_info) (root, relationObjectId, inhparent, rel);
+/*
+ * Set planner guc parameters according to corresponding scan hints.  Returns
+ * bitmap of HintTypeBitmap. If shint or phint is not NULL, set used hint
+ * there respectively.
+ */
+static int
+setup_hint_enforcement(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
+                                          ScanMethodHint **rshint, ParallelHint **rphint)
+{
+       Index   new_parent_relid = 0;
+       ListCell *l;
+       ScanMethodHint *shint = NULL;
+       ParallelHint   *phint = NULL;
+       bool                    inhparent = root->simple_rte_array[rel->relid]->inh;
+       Oid             relationObjectId = root->simple_rte_array[rel->relid]->relid;
+       int                             ret = 0;
 
-       /* 
-        * Do nothing if we don't have a valid hint in this context or current
-        * nesting depth is at SPI calls.
-        */
-       if (!current_hint_state || hint_inhibit_level > 0)
-       {
-               if (debug_level > 1)
-                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
-                                       (errhidestmt(true),
-                                        errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: get_relation_info"
-                                                        " no hint to apply: relation=%u(%s), inhparent=%d,"
-                                                        " current_hint=%p, hint_inhibit_level=%d",
-                                                        qnostr, relationObjectId,
-                                                        get_rel_name(relationObjectId),
-                                                        inhparent, current_hint_state,
-                                                        hint_inhibit_level)));
-               return;
-       }
+       /* reset returns if requested  */
+       if (rshint != NULL) *rshint = NULL;
+       if (rphint != NULL) *rphint = NULL;
 
        /*
         * We could register the parent relation of the following children here
-        * when inhparent == true but inheritnce planner doesn't request
-        * information for inheritance parents. We also cannot distinguish the
-        * caller so we should always find the parents without this function being
-        * called for them.
+        * when inhparent == true but inheritnce planner doesn't call this function
+        * for parents. Since we cannot distinguish who called this function we
+        * cannot do other than always seeking the parent regardless of who called
+        * this function.
         */
        if (inhparent)
        {
+               /* set up only parallel hints for parent relation */
+               phint = find_parallel_hint(root, rel->relid);
+               if (phint)
+               {
+                       setup_parallel_plan_enforcement(phint, current_hint_state);
+                       if (rphint) *rphint = phint;
+                       ret |= HINT_BM_PARALLEL;
+                       return ret;
+               }
+
                if (debug_level > 1)
-                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
                                        (errhidestmt(true),
-                                        errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: get_relation_info"
+                                        errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: setup_hint_enforcement"
                                                         " skipping inh parent: relation=%u(%s), inhparent=%d,"
                                                         " current_hint_state=%p, hint_inhibit_level=%d",
                                                         qnostr, relationObjectId,
                                                         get_rel_name(relationObjectId),
                                                         inhparent, current_hint_state, hint_inhibit_level)));
-               return;
+               return 0;
        }
 
-       /* Find the parent for this relation */
+       /* Forget about the parent of another subquery */
+       if (root != current_hint_state->current_root)
+               current_hint_state->parent_relid = 0;
+
+       /* Find the parent for this relation other than the registered parent */
        foreach (l, root->append_rel_list)
        {
                AppendRelInfo *appinfo = (AppendRelInfo *) lfirst(l);
@@ -3150,7 +3744,10 @@ pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info(PlannerInfo *root, Oid relationObjectId,
                if (appinfo->child_relid == rel->relid)
                {
                        if (current_hint_state->parent_relid != appinfo->parent_relid)
+                       {
                                new_parent_relid = appinfo->parent_relid;
+                               current_hint_state->current_root = root;
+                       }
                        break;
                }
        }
@@ -3159,36 +3756,38 @@ pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info(PlannerInfo *root, Oid relationObjectId,
        {
                /* This relation doesn't have a parent. Cancel current_hint_state. */
                current_hint_state->parent_relid = 0;
-               current_hint_state->parent_hint = NULL;
+               current_hint_state->parent_scan_hint = NULL;
+               current_hint_state->parent_parallel_hint = NULL;
        }
 
        if (new_parent_relid > 0)
        {
                /*
-                * Here we found a parent relation different from the remembered one.
-                * Remember it, apply the scan mask of it and then resolve the index
-                * restriction in order to be used by its children.
+                * Here we found a new parent for the current relation. Scan continues
+                * hint to other childrens of this parent so remember it to avoid
+                * redundant setup cost.
                 */
-               int scanmask = current_hint_state->init_scan_mask;
-               ScanMethodHint *parent_hint;
-
                current_hint_state->parent_relid = new_parent_relid;
                                
+               /* Find hints for the parent */
+               current_hint_state->parent_scan_hint =
+                       find_scan_hint(root, current_hint_state->parent_relid);
+
+               current_hint_state->parent_parallel_hint =
+                       find_parallel_hint(root, current_hint_state->parent_relid);
+
                /*
-                * Get and apply the hint for the new parent relation. It should be an
-                * ordinary relation so calling find_scan_hint with rel == NULL is
-                * safe.
+                * If hint is found for the parent, apply it for this child instead
+                * of its own.
                 */
-               current_hint_state->parent_hint = parent_hint = 
-                       find_scan_hint(root, current_hint_state->parent_relid, NULL);
-
-               if (parent_hint)
+               if (current_hint_state->parent_scan_hint)
                {
-                       scanmask = current_hint_state->parent_hint->enforce_mask;
-                       parent_hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
+                       ScanMethodHint * pshint = current_hint_state->parent_scan_hint;
+
+                       pshint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
 
-                       /* Resolve index name mask (if any) using the parent. */
-                       if (parent_hint->indexnames)
+                       /* Apply index mask in the same manner to the parent. */
+                       if (pshint->indexnames)
                        {
                                Oid                     parentrel_oid;
                                Relation        parent_rel;
@@ -3205,7 +3804,7 @@ pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info(PlannerInfo *root, Oid relationObjectId,
                                        ListCell   *lc;
                                        ParentIndexInfo *parent_index_info;
 
-                                       foreach(lc, parent_hint->indexnames)
+                                       foreach(lc, pshint->indexnames)
                                        {
                                                if (RelnameCmp(&indexname, &lfirst(lc)) == 0)
                                                        break;
@@ -3216,61 +3815,71 @@ pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info(PlannerInfo *root, Oid relationObjectId,
                                        parent_index_info =
                                                get_parent_index_info(indexoid, parentrel_oid);
                                        current_hint_state->parent_index_infos =
-                                               lappend(current_hint_state->parent_index_infos, parent_index_info);
+                                               lappend(current_hint_state->parent_index_infos,
+                                                               parent_index_info);
                                }
                                heap_close(parent_rel, NoLock);
                        }
                }
-                       
-               set_scan_config_options(scanmask, current_hint_state->context);
        }
 
-       if (current_hint_state->parent_hint != 0)
+       shint = find_scan_hint(root, rel->relid);
+       if (!shint)
+               shint = current_hint_state->parent_scan_hint;
+
+       if (shint)
        {
-               delete_indexes(current_hint_state->parent_hint, rel,
-                                          relationObjectId);
+               bool using_parent_hint =
+                       (shint == current_hint_state->parent_scan_hint);
 
-               /* Scan fixation status is the same to the parent. */
-               if (debug_level > 1)
-                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
-                                       (errhidestmt(true),
-                                        errmsg("pg_hint_plan%s: get_relation_info:"
-                                                       " index deletion by parent hint: "
-                                                       "relation=%u(%s), inhparent=%d, current_hint_state=%p,"
-                                                       " hint_inhibit_level=%d",
-                                                       qnostr, relationObjectId,
-                                                       get_rel_name(relationObjectId),
-                                                       inhparent, current_hint_state, hint_inhibit_level)));
-               return;
-       }
+               ret |= HINT_BM_SCAN_METHOD;
 
-       /* This table doesn't have a parent hint. Apply its own hint if any. */
-       if ((hint = find_scan_hint(root, rel->relid, rel)) != NULL)
-       {
-               set_scan_config_options(hint->enforce_mask,
-                                                               current_hint_state->context);
-               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
+               /* Setup scan enforcement environment */
+               setup_scan_method_enforcement(shint, current_hint_state);
 
-               delete_indexes(hint, rel, InvalidOid);
+               /* restrict unwanted inexes */
+               restrict_indexes(root, shint, rel, using_parent_hint);
 
                if (debug_level > 1)
-                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+               {
+                       char *additional_message = "";
+
+                       if (shint == current_hint_state->parent_scan_hint)
+                               additional_message = " by parent hint";
+
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
                                        (errhidestmt(true),
-                                        errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: get_relation_info"
-                                                        " index deletion:"
-                                                        " relation=%u(%s), inhparent=%d, current_hint=%p,"
+                                        errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: setup_hint_enforcement"
+                                                        " index deletion%s:"
+                                                        " relation=%u(%s), inhparent=%d, "
+                                                        "current_hint_state=%p,"
                                                         " hint_inhibit_level=%d, scanmask=0x%x",
-                                                        qnostr, relationObjectId,
+                                                        qnostr, additional_message,
+                                                        relationObjectId,
                                                         get_rel_name(relationObjectId),
-                                                        inhparent, current_hint_state, hint_inhibit_level,
-                                                        hint->enforce_mask)));
+                                                        inhparent, current_hint_state,
+                                                        hint_inhibit_level,
+                                                        shint->enforce_mask)));
+               }
        }
-       else
+
+       /* Do the same for parallel plan enforcement */
+       phint = find_parallel_hint(root, rel->relid);
+       if (!phint)
+               phint = current_hint_state->parent_parallel_hint;
+
+       setup_parallel_plan_enforcement(phint, current_hint_state);
+
+       if (phint)
+               ret |= HINT_BM_PARALLEL;
+
+       /* Nothing to apply. Reset the scan mask to intial state */
+       if (!shint && ! phint)
        {
                if (debug_level > 1)
-                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_debug_message_level,
                                        (errhidestmt (true),
-                                        errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: get_relation_info"
+                                        errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: setup_hint_enforcement"
                                                         " no hint applied:"
                                                         " relation=%u(%s), inhparent=%d, current_hint=%p,"
                                                         " hint_inhibit_level=%d, scanmask=0x%x",
@@ -3278,10 +3887,16 @@ pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info(PlannerInfo *root, Oid relationObjectId,
                                                         get_rel_name(relationObjectId),
                                                         inhparent, current_hint_state, hint_inhibit_level,
                                                         current_hint_state->init_scan_mask)));
-               set_scan_config_options(current_hint_state->init_scan_mask,
-                                                               current_hint_state->context);
+
+               setup_scan_method_enforcement(NULL,     current_hint_state);
+
+               return ret;
        }
-       return;
+
+       if (rshint != NULL) *rshint = shint;
+       if (rphint != NULL) *rphint = phint;
+
+       return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3727,98 +4342,6 @@ transform_join_hints(HintState *hstate, PlannerInfo *root, int nbaserel,
 }
 
 /*
- * set_plain_rel_pathlist
- *       Build access paths for a plain relation (no subquery, no inheritance)
- *
- * This function was copied and edited from set_plain_rel_pathlist() in
- * src/backend/optimizer/path/allpaths.c
- *
- * - removed parallel stuff.
- */
-static void
-set_plain_rel_pathlist(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
-{
-       Relids          required_outer;
-
-       /*
-        * We don't support pushing join clauses into the quals of a seqscan, but
-        * it could still have required parameterization due to LATERAL refs in
-        * its tlist.
-        */
-       required_outer = rel->lateral_relids;
-
-       /* Consider sequential scan */
-       add_path(rel, create_seqscan_path(root, rel, required_outer, 0));
-
-       /* Consider index scans */
-       create_index_paths(root, rel);
-
-       /* Consider TID scans */
-       create_tidscan_paths(root, rel);
-}
-
-/*
- * Clear exiting access paths and create new ones applying hints.
- * This does the similar to set_rel_pathlist
- */
-static void
-rebuild_scan_path(HintState *hstate, PlannerInfo *root, int level,
-                                 List *initial_rels)
-{
-       ListCell   *l;
-
-       foreach(l, initial_rels)
-       {
-               RelOptInfo         *rel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(l);
-               RangeTblEntry  *rte;
-               ScanMethodHint *hint;
-
-               /* Skip relations which we can't choose scan method. */
-               if (rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL || rel->rtekind != RTE_RELATION)
-                       continue;
-
-               rte = root->simple_rte_array[rel->relid];
-
-               /* We can't force scan method of foreign tables */
-               if (rte->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
-                       continue;
-
-               /*
-                * Create scan paths with GUC parameters which are at the beginning of
-                * planner if scan method hint is not specified, otherwise use
-                * specified hints and mark the hint as used.
-                */
-               if ((hint = find_scan_hint(root, rel->relid, rel)) == NULL)
-                       set_scan_config_options(hstate->init_scan_mask,
-                                                                       hstate->context);
-               else
-               {
-                       set_scan_config_options(hint->enforce_mask, hstate->context);
-                       hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
-               }
-
-               list_free_deep(rel->pathlist);
-               rel->pathlist = NIL;
-               if (rte->inh)
-               {
-                       /* It's an "append relation", process accordingly */
-                       set_append_rel_pathlist(root, rel, rel->relid, rte);
-               }
-               else
-               {
-                       set_plain_rel_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
-               }
-
-               set_cheapest(rel);
-       }
-
-       /*
-        * Restore the GUC variables we set above.
-        */
-       set_scan_config_options(hstate->init_scan_mask, hstate->context);
-}
-
-/*
  * wrapper of make_join_rel()
  *
  * call make_join_rel() after changing enable_* parameters according to given
@@ -3872,18 +4395,10 @@ add_paths_to_joinrel_wrapper(PlannerInfo *root,
                                                         SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo,
                                                         List *restrictlist)
 {
-       ScanMethodHint *scan_hint = NULL;
        Relids                  joinrelids;
        JoinMethodHint *join_hint;
        int                             save_nestlevel;
 
-       if ((scan_hint = find_scan_hint(root, innerrel->relid, innerrel)) != NULL)
-       {
-               set_scan_config_options(scan_hint->enforce_mask,
-                                                               current_hint_state->context);
-               scan_hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
-       }
-
        joinrelids = bms_union(outerrel->relids, innerrel->relids);
        join_hint = find_join_hint(joinrelids);
        bms_free(joinrelids);
@@ -3918,10 +4433,6 @@ add_paths_to_joinrel_wrapper(PlannerInfo *root,
        else
                add_paths_to_joinrel(root, joinrel, outerrel, innerrel, jointype,
                                                         sjinfo, restrictlist);
-
-       if (scan_hint != NULL)
-               set_scan_config_options(current_hint_state->init_scan_mask,
-                                                               current_hint_state->context);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -3973,9 +4484,6 @@ pg_hint_plan_join_search(PlannerInfo *root, int levels_needed,
                        return standard_join_search(root, levels_needed, initial_rels);
        }
 
-       /* apply scan method hint rebuild scan path. */
-       rebuild_scan_path(current_hint_state, root, levels_needed, initial_rels);
-
        /*
         * In the case using GEQO, only scan method hints and Set hints have
         * effect.  Join method and join order is not controllable by hints.
@@ -3994,6 +4502,38 @@ pg_hint_plan_join_search(PlannerInfo *root, int levels_needed,
 
        rel = pg_hint_plan_standard_join_search(root, levels_needed, initial_rels);
 
+       /*
+        * Adjust number of parallel workers of the result rel to the largest
+        * number of the component paths.
+        */
+       if (current_hint_state->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_PARALLEL] > 0)
+       {
+               ListCell   *lc;
+               int             nworkers = 0;
+       
+               foreach (lc, initial_rels)
+               {
+                       ListCell *lcp;
+                       RelOptInfo *rel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(lc);
+
+                       foreach (lcp, rel->partial_pathlist)
+                       {
+                               Path *path = (Path *) lfirst(lcp);
+
+                               if (nworkers < path-> parallel_workers)
+                                       nworkers = path-> parallel_workers;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               foreach (lc, rel->partial_pathlist)
+               {
+                       Path *path = (Path *) lfirst(lc);
+
+                       if (path->parallel_safe && path->parallel_workers < nworkers)
+                               path->parallel_workers = nworkers;
+               }
+       }
+
        for (i = 2; i <= nbaserel; i++)
        {
                list_free(current_hint_state->join_hint_level[i]);
@@ -4014,11 +4554,205 @@ pg_hint_plan_join_search(PlannerInfo *root, int levels_needed,
 }
 
 /*
+ * Force number of wokers if instructed by hint
+ */
+void
+pg_hint_plan_set_rel_pathlist(PlannerInfo * root, RelOptInfo *rel,
+                                                         Index rti, RangeTblEntry *rte)
+{
+       ParallelHint   *phint;
+       ListCell           *l;
+       int                             found_hints;
+
+       /* call the previous hook */
+       if (prev_set_rel_pathlist)
+               prev_set_rel_pathlist(root, rel, rti, rte);
+
+       /* Nothing to do if no hint available */
+       if (current_hint_state == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       /* Don't touch dummy rels. */
+       if (IS_DUMMY_REL(rel))
+               return;
+
+       /*
+        * We can accept only plain relations, foreign tables and table saples are
+        * also unacceptable. See set_rel_pathlist.
+        */
+       if ((rel->rtekind != RTE_RELATION &&
+                rel->rtekind != RTE_SUBQUERY)||
+               rte->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE ||
+               rte->tablesample != NULL)
+               return;
+
+       /*
+        * Even though UNION ALL node doesn't have particular name so usually it is
+        * unhintable, turn on parallel when it contains parallel nodes.
+        */
+       if (rel->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY)
+       {
+               ListCell *lc;
+               bool    inhibit_nonparallel = false;
+
+               if (rel->partial_pathlist == NIL)
+                       return;
+
+               foreach(lc, rel->partial_pathlist)
+               {
+                       ListCell *lcp;
+                       AppendPath *apath = (AppendPath *) lfirst(lc);
+                       int             parallel_workers = 0;
+
+                       if (!IsA(apath, AppendPath))
+                               continue;
+
+                       foreach (lcp, apath->subpaths)
+                       {
+                               Path *spath = (Path *) lfirst(lcp);
+
+                               if (spath->parallel_aware &&
+                                       parallel_workers < spath->parallel_workers)
+                                       parallel_workers = spath->parallel_workers;
+                       }
+
+                       apath->path.parallel_workers = parallel_workers;
+                       inhibit_nonparallel = true;
+               }
+
+               if (inhibit_nonparallel)
+               {
+                       ListCell *lc;
+
+                       foreach(lc, rel->pathlist)
+                       {
+                               Path *path = (Path *) lfirst(lc);
+
+                               if (path->startup_cost < disable_cost)
+                               {
+                                       path->startup_cost += disable_cost;
+                                       path->total_cost += disable_cost;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* We cannot handle if this requires an outer */
+       if (rel->lateral_relids)
+               return;
+
+       /* Return if this relation gets no enfocement */
+       if ((found_hints = setup_hint_enforcement(root, rel, NULL, &phint)) == 0)
+               return;
+
+       /* Here, we regenerate paths with the current hint restriction */
+       if (found_hints & HINT_BM_SCAN_METHOD || found_hints & HINT_BM_PARALLEL)
+       {
+               /*
+                * When hint is specified on non-parent relations, discard existing
+                * paths and regenerate based on the hint considered. Otherwise we
+                * already have hinted childx paths then just adjust the number of
+                * planned number of workers.
+                */
+               if (root->simple_rte_array[rel->relid]->inh)
+               {
+                       /* enforce number of workers if requested */
+                       if (phint && phint->force_parallel)
+                       {
+                               if (phint->nworkers == 0)
+                               {
+                                       list_free_deep(rel->partial_pathlist);
+                                       rel->partial_pathlist = NIL;
+                               }
+                               else
+                               {
+                                       /* prioritize partial paths */
+                                       foreach (l, rel->partial_pathlist)
+                                       {
+                                               Path *ppath = (Path *) lfirst(l);
+
+                                               if (ppath->parallel_safe)
+                                               {
+                                                       ppath->parallel_workers = phint->nworkers;
+                                                       ppath->startup_cost = 0;
+                                                       ppath->total_cost = 0;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+
+                                       /* disable non-partial paths */
+                                       foreach (l, rel->pathlist)
+                                       {
+                                               Path *ppath = (Path *) lfirst(l);
+
+                                               if (ppath->startup_cost < disable_cost)
+                                               {
+                                                       ppath->startup_cost += disable_cost;
+                                                       ppath->total_cost += disable_cost;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       /* Just discard all the paths considered so far */
+                       list_free_deep(rel->pathlist);
+                       rel->pathlist = NIL;
+                       list_free_deep(rel->partial_pathlist);
+                       rel->partial_pathlist = NIL;
+
+                       /* Regenerate paths with the current enforcement */
+                       set_plain_rel_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
+
+                       /* Additional work to enforce parallel query execution */
+                       if (phint && phint->nworkers > 0)
+                       {
+                               /*
+                                * For Parallel Append to be planned properly, we shouldn't set
+                                * the costs of non-partial paths to disable-value.  Lower the
+                                * priority of non-parallel paths by setting partial path costs
+                                * to 0 instead.
+                                */
+                               foreach (l, rel->partial_pathlist)
+                               {
+                                       Path *path = (Path *) lfirst(l);
+
+                                       path->startup_cost = 0;
+                                       path->total_cost = 0;
+                               }
+
+                               /* enforce number of workers if requested */
+                               if (phint->force_parallel)
+                               {
+                                       foreach (l, rel->partial_pathlist)
+                                       {
+                                               Path *ppath = (Path *) lfirst(l);
+
+                                               if (ppath->parallel_safe)
+                                                       ppath->parallel_workers = phint->nworkers;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               /* Generate gather paths */
+                               if (rel->reloptkind == RELOPT_BASEREL &&
+                                       bms_membership(root->all_baserels) != BMS_SINGLETON)
+                                       generate_gather_paths(root, rel, false);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       reset_hint_enforcement();
+}
+
+/*
  * set_rel_pathlist
  *       Build access paths for a base relation
  *
  * This function was copied and edited from set_rel_pathlist() in
- * src/backend/optimizer/path/allpaths.c
+ * src/backend/optimizer/path/allpaths.c in order not to copy other static
+ * functions not required here.
  */
 static void
 set_rel_pathlist(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
@@ -4094,7 +4828,7 @@ void plpgsql_query_erase_callback(ResourceReleasePhase phase,
                                                                  bool isTopLevel,
                                                                  void *arg)
 {
-       if (phase != RESOURCE_RELEASE_AFTER_LOCKS)
+       if (!isTopLevel || phase != RESOURCE_RELEASE_AFTER_LOCKS)
                return;
        /* Cancel plpgsql nest level*/
        plpgsql_recurse_level = 0;