1 .\" Copyright 1996 Daniel Quinlan (Daniel.Quinlan@linux.org)
3 .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
4 .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
5 .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
6 .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8 .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
9 .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
10 .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
11 .\" intermediate and printed output.
13 .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 .\" GNU General Public License for more details.
18 .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
19 .\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
20 .\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
23 .\" 2007-12-14 mtk Added Reiserfs, XFS, JFS.
25 .\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Ueyama Rui
26 .\" all rights reserved.
27 .\" Translated Tue Aug 19 21:56:35 JST 1997
28 .\" by Ueyama Rui <rui@campus.or.jp>
29 .\" Modified Wed Oct 10 11:07:33 JST 2001
30 .\" by Yuichi SATO <ysato@h4.dion.ne.jp>
31 .\" Updated Fri Dec 21 JST 2001 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
33 .\"WORD: extended file system ³ÈÄ¥¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à
34 .\"WORD: second extended file system ÂèÆó³ÈÄ¥¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à
35 .\"WORD: RAM disk RAM¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯
36 .\"WORD: High Sierra ¥Ï¥¤¥·¥§¥é
37 .\"WORD: Rock Ridge ¥í¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¸
39 .TH FILESYSTEMS 5 2007-12-14 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
43 .\"O filesystems \- Linux file-system types: minix, ext, ext2, ext3, Reiserfs,
44 .\"O XFS, JFS, xia, msdos,
45 .\"O umsdos, vfat, proc, nfs, iso9660, hpfs, sysv, smb, ncpfs
46 filesystems \- Linux ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à: minix, ext, ext2, ext3, Reiserfs,
48 umsdos, vfat, proc, nfs, iso9660, hpfs, sysv, smb, ncpfs
51 .\"O When, as is customary, the
53 .\"O file system is mounted on
55 .\"O you can find in the file
56 .\"O .I /proc/filesystems
57 .\"O which file systems your kernel currently supports.
58 .\"O If you need a currently unsupported one, insert the corresponding
59 .\"O module or recompile the kernel.
61 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬´·½¬¤É¤ª¤ê¤Ë
63 ¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
64 ¸½ºß¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬¤É¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«
68 ɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¸½ºß¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ
69 ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢Å¬Àڤʥ⥸¥å¡¼¥ë¤òÁȤ߹þ¤à¤«¡¢¤½¤ì¤â¤À¤á¤Ê¤é¤Ð
70 ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òºÆ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
72 .\"O In order to use a file system, you have to
76 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò»È¤¦¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
82 .\"O Below a short description of a few of the available file systems.
83 °Ê²¼¤ÏÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î´Êñ¤ÊÀâÌÀ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
86 .\"O is the file system used in the Minix operating system, the first to run
88 .\"O It has a number of shortcomings: a 64MB partition size
89 .\"O limit, short filenames, a single timestamp, etc.
90 Minix ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡£
91 Linux ¤ÇÆ°¤¤¤¿ºÇ½é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤â¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«·çÅÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
92 ¤Þ¤º¡¢¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤¬ºÇÂç 64MB ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¡£Â¾¤Ë¤â¡¢Ã»¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾
93 ¤·¤«»È¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡¢¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¤¬°ì¤Ä¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¢¤Ê¤É¤Ê¤É¡£
94 .\"O It remains useful for floppies and RAM disks.
95 ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤ä RAM ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ËÊØÍø¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤Þ¤À»Ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
98 .\"O is an elaborate extension of the
101 .\"O It has been completely superseded by the second version
102 .\"O of the extended file system
104 .\"O and has been removed from the kernel (in 2.1.21).
106 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¼ê¤Î¹þ¤ó¤À³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ÏÂèÆó³ÈÄ¥¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à
107 (second extended file system :
109 ¤Ë´°Á´¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤ÆÂå¤ï¤é¤ì¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë 2.1.21 ¤Ç¼è¤ê½ü¤«¤ì¤¿¡£
112 .\"O is the high performance disk file system used by Linux for fixed disks
113 .\"O as well as removable media.
114 Linux ¤Î¹âÀǽ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¸ÇÄê¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯
115 ¥ê¥à¡¼¥Ð¥Ö¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ë¤â¤è¤¯»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
116 .\"O The second extended file system was designed as an extension of the
117 .\"O extended file system
120 .\"O offers the best performance (in terms of speed and CPU usage) of
121 .\"O the file systems supported under Linux.
124 ¤ÎȯŸ¤È¤·¤ÆÂèÆó³ÈÄ¥¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à
128 ¤Ï Linux ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎÃæ¤Ç (¥¹¥Ô¡¼¥É¤ª¤è¤Ó CPU ¤Î»ÈÍÑÎ̤ÎÌ̤Ç) ºÇ¤â
129 ¤è¤¤¥Ñ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥ó¥¹¤òȯ´ø¤¹¤ë¡£
132 .\"O is a journaling version of the ext2 file system.
134 .\"O switch back and forth between ext2 and ext3.
135 ext2 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ê¥ëµ¡Ç½¤ò¤Ä¤±¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
136 ext2 ¤È ext3 ¤Ï´Êñ¤Ë¹Ô¤¤ÄÌá¤ê¤Ä¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
139 .\"O is a journaling file system, designed by Hans Reiser,
140 .\"O that was integrated into Linux in kernel 2.4.1.
141 Hans Reiser ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÀ߷פµ¤ì¤¿¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ê¥ê¥ó¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
142 ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë 2.4.1 ¤Ç Linux ¤ËÅý¹ç¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
145 .\"O is a journaling file system, developed by SGI,
146 .\"O that was integrated into Linux in kernel 2.4.20.
147 SGI ¤Ë¤è¤ê³«È¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ê¥ê¥ó¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
148 ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë 2.4.20 ¤Ç Linux ¤ËÅý¹ç¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
151 .\"O is a journaling file system, developed by IBM,
152 .\"O that was integrated into Linux in kernel 2.4.24.
153 IBM ¤Ë¤è¤ê³«È¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ê¥ê¥ó¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
154 ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë 2.4.24 ¤Ç Linux ¤ËÅý¹ç¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
157 .\"O was designed and implemented to be a stable, safe file system by
158 .\"O extending the Minix file system code.
159 .\"O It provides the basic most
160 .\"O requested features without undue complexity.
162 ¤Ï Minix ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¡¢¤è¤ê°ÂÄꤷ°ÂÁ´¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤È¤·¤Æ
163 À߷ס¢¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢¤¤¤é¤Ê¤¤Ê£»¨¤µ¤ÏÈò¤±¤Ä¤ÄɬÍפʴðËÜŪµ¡Ç½¤ò
167 .\"O file system is no longer actively developed or maintained.
168 .\"O It was removed from the kernel in 2.1.21.
170 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¡¢¤â¤Ï¤ä³«È¯¤â¥á¥ó¥Æ¥Ê¥ó¥¹¤â¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
171 ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë 2.1.21 ¤Ç¼è¤ê½ü¤«¤ì¤¿¡£
174 .\"O is the file system used by DOS, Windows, and some OS/2 computers.
176 .\"O filenames can be no longer than 8 characters, followed by an
177 .\"O optional period and 3 character extension.
179 ¤Ï DOS ¤ä Windows¡¢¤¤¤¯¤é¤«¤Î OS/2 ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤¬»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
183 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡Ö8 ʸ»ú¤Î̾Á°¡Ü¥Ô¥ê¥ª¥É¡Ü3 ʸ»ú¤Î³ÈÄ¥»Ò¡×¤è¤ê
184 Ť¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ï¤Ä¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
187 .\"O is an extended DOS file system used by Linux.
188 .\"O It adds capability for
189 .\"O long filenames, UID/GID, POSIX permissions, and special files
190 .\"O (devices, named pipes, etc.) under the DOS file system, without
191 .\"O sacrificing compatibility with DOS.
193 ¤Ï DOS ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò³ÈÄ¥¤·¤¿ Linux ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
194 ¤³¤ì¤Ï DOS ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤â¤È¤Ç¡¢Ä¹¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ä UID/GID¡¢POSIX ·Á¼°¤Î
195 ¥Ñ¡¼¥ß¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¡¢(¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ä̾Á°ÉÕ¤¥Ñ¥¤¥×¤Ê¤É¤Î) Æüì¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò
196 »È¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£DOS ¤È¤Î¸ß´¹À¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
199 .\"O is an extended DOS file system used by Microsoft Windows95 and Windows NT.
200 .\"O VFAT adds the capability to use long filenames under the MSDOS file system.
202 ¤Ï Microsoft Windows95 ¤È Windows NT ¤¬»È¤¦ DOS ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
203 Ť¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
206 .\"O is a pseudo file system which is used as an interface to kernel data
207 .\"O structures rather than reading and interpreting
209 .\"O In particular, its files do not take disk space.
213 ¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¹½Â¤¤Ø¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤È¤Ê¤ëµ¿»÷¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
216 ¤òÆɤó¤Ç²ò¼á¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
217 ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Ê¤¤¡£
222 .\"O is a CD-ROM file system type conforming to the ISO 9660 standard.
224 ¤Ï ISO 9660 ɸ½à¤Ë±è¤Ã¤¿ CD-ROM ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
228 .\"O Linux supports High Sierra, the precursor to the ISO 9660 standard for
229 .\"O CD-ROM file systems.
230 .\"O It is automatically recognized within the
232 .\"O file-system support under Linux.
233 Linux ¤Ï¥Ï¥¤¥·¥§¥é (High Sierra) ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï ISO 9660 ɸ½à¤¬
234 ·è¤Þ¤ë¤è¤êÁ°¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿ CD-ROM ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£Linux ¤Î
236 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬¥Ï¥¤¥·¥§¥é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¼«Æ°¤Ç
237 ǧ¼±¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
240 .\"O Linux also supports the System Use Sharing Protocol records specified
241 .\"O by the Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol.
242 .\"O They are used to further describe the files in the
244 .\"O file system to a UNIX host, and provide information such as long
245 .\"O filenames, UID/GID, POSIX permissions, and devices.
246 .\"O It is automatically recognized within the
248 .\"O file-system support under Linux.
249 Linux ¤Ï¥í¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¸ (Rock Ridge) ÊÑ´¹¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Çµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤¿
250 ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à»ÈÍѶ¦Í¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤â¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï UNIX ¥Û
253 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤è¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¯µ½Ò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¡¢
254 Ť¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ä UID/GID¡¢POSIX ·Á¼°¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥ß¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¡¢¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
255 ¤Ê¤É¤Î¾ðÊó¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¡£Linux ¤Î
257 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬¥í¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¼«Æ°¤Ç
258 ǧ¼±¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
262 .\"O is the High Performance Filesystem, used in OS/2.
263 .\"O This file system is
264 .\"O read-only under Linux due to the lack of available documentation.
266 ¤Ï OS/2 ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¹âÀǽ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à(High Performance Filesystem)¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
267 ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¥É¥¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤¬Æþ¼ê¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¡¢
268 Linux ¤Ç¤ÏÆɤ߹þ¤ßÀìÍÑ (Read-only) ¤Ç¤·¤«»ÈÍѤǤ¤Ê¤¤¡£
271 .\"O is an implementation of the SystemV/Coherent file system for Linux.
272 .\"O It implements all of Xenix FS, SystemV/386 FS, and Coherent FS.
274 ¤Ï SystemV/Coherent ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î Linux ¤Ç¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
275 Xenix, SystemV/386, Coherent ³Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
278 .\"O is the network file system used to access disks located on remote computers.
280 ¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
281 Î¥¤ì¤¿¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
284 .\"O is a network file system that supports the SMB protocol, used by
285 .\"O Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT, and Lan Manager.
287 ¤Ï SMB ¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤¿¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
288 Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT, Lan Manager ¤¬»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
292 .\"O fs, you need a special mount program, which can be found in the ksmbfs
293 .\"O package, found at
294 .\"O .IR ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Filesystems/smbfs .
296 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò»È¤¦¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï ksmbfs ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë
297 Æüì¤Ê¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¡£
299 .I ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Filesystems/smbfs
303 .\"O is a network file system that supports the NCP protocol, used by
306 ¤Ï NCP ¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£Novell NetWare ¤¬
311 .\"O you need special programs, which can be found at
312 .\"O .IR ftp://linux01.gwdg.de/pub/ncpfs .
315 .I ftp://linux01.gwdg.de/pub/ncpfs
316 ¤Ë¤¢¤ëÆüì¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¡£