(split) Move Japanese translation histories after original history sections.

[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / draft / man5 / resolv.conf.5

.\" Copyright (c) 1986 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
.\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
.\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
.\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such
.\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
.\" by the University of California, Berkeley.  The name of the
.\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
.\"
.\"     @(#)resolver.5  5.9 (Berkeley) 12/14/89
.\"     $Id$
.\"
.\" Added ndots remark by Bernhard R. Link - debian bug #182886
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2000, 2005 Yuichi SATO
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 2000-09-15, Yuichi SATO <sato@complex.eng.hokudai.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2005-01-22, Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\" Updated 2010-04-18, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v3.24
.\"
.\"WORD:        resolver        ¥ì¥¾¥ë¥Ð
.\"WORD:        query           Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»
.\"
.TH RESOLV.CONF 5 2009-03-01 "" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.UC 4
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O resolv.conf \- resolver configuration file
resolv.conf \- ¥ì¥¾¥ë¥ÐÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.B /etc/resolv.conf
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O The
.\"O .I resolver
.\"O is a set of routines in the C library
.\"O that provide access to the Internet Domain Name System (DNS).
.\"O The resolver configuration file contains information that is read
.\"O by the resolver routines the first time they are invoked by a process.
.\"O The file is designed to be human readable and contains a list of
.\"O keywords with values that provide various types of resolver information.
.I resolver
¤Ï¡¢¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¥Í¡¼¥à¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à (DNS) ¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë
C ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó·²¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¥ì¥¾¥ë¥ÐÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥ì¥¾¥ë¥Ð¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤¬¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆºÇ½é¤Ë
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.LP
.\"O On a normally configured system this file should not be necessary.
.\"O The only name server to be queried will be on the local machine;
.\"O the domain name is determined from the hostname
.\"O and the domain search path is constructed from the domain name.
ÉáÄ̤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÏɬÍפʤ¤¡£
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.LP
.\"O The different configuration options are:
¤³¤Î¾õÂÖ¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÀßÄꥪ¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O \fBnameserver\fP Name server IP address
\fBnameserver\fP ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹
.\"O Internet address (in dot notation) of a name server
.\"O that the resolver should query.
.\"O Up to
.\"O .B MAXNS
.\"O (currently 3, see \fI<resolv.h>\fP) name servers may be listed,
.\"O one per keyword.
.\"O If there are multiple servers,
.\"O the resolver library queries them in the order listed.
.\"O If no \fBnameserver\fP entries are present,
.\"O the default is to use the name server on the local machine.
.\"O (The algorithm used is to try a name server, and if the query times out,
.\"O try the next, until out of name servers,
.\"O then repeat trying all the name servers
.\"O until a maximum number of retries are made.)
¥ì¥¾¥ë¥Ð¤¬Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¤¹¤ë¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î
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¤³¤Î¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É 1 ¤Ä¤´¤È¤Ë 1 Âæ¤Å¤Ä¡¢
.B MAXNS
Âæ (¸½¾õ¤Ç¤Ï 3 Âæ¡¢\fI<resolv.h>\fP ¤ò»²¾È) ¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
Ê£¿ô¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¥ì¥¾¥ë¥Ð¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ï
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\fBnameserver\fP ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
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.TP
.\"O \fBdomain\fP Local domain name.
\fBdomain\fP ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾
.\"O Most queries for names within this domain can use short names
.\"O relative to the local domain.
.\"O If no \fBdomain\fP entry is present, the domain is determined
.\"O from the local hostname returned by
.\"O .BR gethostname (2);
.\"O the domain part is taken to be everything after the first \(aq.\(aq.
.\"O Finally, if thehost name does not contain a domain part, the root
.\"O domain is assumed.
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\fBdomain\fP ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾¤Ï
.BR gethostname (2)
¤ÇÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤«¤é·èÄꤵ¤ì¡¢
ºÇ½é¤Î \(aq.\(aq °Ê¹ß¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤ÎÉôʬ¤¬¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾¤È¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
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.TP
.\"O \fBsearch\fP Search list for host-name lookup.
\fBsearch\fP ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¥ë¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¸¡º÷¥ê¥¹¥È
.\"O The search list is normally determined from the local domain name;
.\"O by default, it contains only the local domain name.
.\"O This may be changed by listing the desired domain search path
.\"O following the \fIsearch\fP keyword with spaces or tabs separating
.\"O the names.
.\"O Resolver queries having fewer than
.\"O .I ndots
.\"O dots (default is 1) in them will be attempted using each component
.\"O of the search path in turn until a match is found.
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¤³¤ì¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢\fIsearch\fP ¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Î¸å¤Ë
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¥É¥Ã¥È¤Î¿ô¤¬
.I ndots
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.\"O For environments with multiple subdomains please read
.\"O .BI "options ndots:" n
.\"O below to avoid man-in-the-middle attacks and unnecessary
.\"O traffic for the root-dns-servers.
Ê£¿ô¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ò»ý¤Ä´Ä¶­¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
Âè»°¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤ë¹¶·â (man-in-the-middle attack) ¤È
¥ë¡¼¥È DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ø¤ÎÉÔɬÍפʥȥé¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤òÈò¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢
°Ê²¼¤Î
.BI "options ndots:" n
¤òÆɤó¤Ç¤Û¤·¤¤¡£
.\"O .\" When having a resolv.conv with a line
.\"O .\"  search subdomain.domain.tld domain.tld
.\"O .\" and doing a hostlookup, for example by
.\"O .\"  ping host.anothersubdomain
.\"O .\" it sends dns-requests for
.\"O .\"  host.anothersubdomain.
.\"O .\"  host.anothersubdomain.subdomain.domain.tld.
.\"O .\"  host.anothersubdomain.domain.tld.
.\"O .\" thus not only causing unnecessary traffic for the root-dns-servers
.\"O .\" but broadcasting information to the outside and making man-in-the-middle
.\"O .\" attacks possible.
.\" resolv.conv ¤Ë
.\"  search subdomain.domain.tld domain.tld
.\" °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¹Ô¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð
.\"  ping host.anothersubdomain
.\" ¤Ë¤è¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¸¡º÷¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢
.\"  host.anothersubdomain.
.\"  host.anothersubdomain.subdomain.domain.tld.
.\"  host.anothersubdomain.domain.tld.
.\" ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ DNS ¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È¤¬Á÷¤é¤ë¡£
.\" ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥ë¡¼¥È DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÂФ·¤Æ
.\" ÉÔɬÍפʥȥé¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤ò°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤¹¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢
.\" ³°Éô¤Ë¾ðÊó¤ò¤Ð¤é¤Þ¤¤¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢Âè»°¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤ë¹¶·â¤¬²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
.\"O Note that this process may be slow and will generate a lot of network
.\"O traffic if the servers for the listed domains are not local,
.\"O and that queries will time out if no server is available
.\"O for one of the domains.
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.IP
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.TP
\fBsortlist\fP
.\"O This option allows addresses returned by
.\"O .BR gethostbyname (3)
.\"O to be sorted.
.\"O A sortlist is specified by IP-address-netmask pairs.
.\"O The netmask is
.\"O optional and defaults to the natural netmask of the net.
.\"O The IP address
.\"O and optional network pairs are separated by slashes.
.\"O Up to 10 pairs may
.\"O be specified.
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤È¡¢
.BR gethostbyname (3)
¤ÇÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò¥½¡¼¥È¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
sortlist ¤Ï IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤Î¥Ú¥¢¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤Ï¾Êά²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢
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IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤Î¥Ú¥¢¤Ï¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¤Ç¶èÀڤ롣
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.\"O Here is an example:
°Ê²¼¤ËÎã¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£

.in +4n
sortlist 130.155.160.0/255.255.240.0 130.155.0.0
.in
.br
.TP
\fBoptions\fP
.\"O Options allows certain internal resolver variables to be modified.
.\"O The syntax is
options ¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¥ì¥¾¥ë¥Ð¤ÎÆâÉôÊÑ¿ô¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
½ñ¼°¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.RS
.IP
\fBoptions\fP \fIoption\fP \fI...\fP
.LP
.\"O where \fIoption\fP is one of the following:
¤³¤³¤Ç \fIoption\fP ¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
\fBdebug\fP
.\" Since glibc 2.2?
.\"O sets
.\"O .B RES_DEBUG
.\"O in
.\"O .IR _res.options .
.I _res.options
¤Ë
.B RES_DEBUG
¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
.TP
.BI ndots: n
.\" Since glibc 2.2
.\"O sets a threshold for the number of dots which
.\"O must appear in a name given to
.\"O .BR res_query (3)
.\"O (see
.\"O .BR resolver (3))
.\"O before an \fIinitial absolute query\fP will be made.
.\"O The default for
.\"O \fIn\fP is 1, meaning that if there are any dots in a name, the name
.\"O will be tried first as an absolute name before any \fIsearch list\fP
.\"O elements are appended to it.
.\"O The value for this option is silently capped to 15.
¡Ö\fIºÇ½é¤Î´°Á´¤Ê̾Á°¤Ç¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»\fP¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ëÁ°¤Ë¡¢
.BR res_query (3)
.RB ( resolver (3)
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\fIn\fP ¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï 1 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢Ì¾Á°¤Ë¥É¥Ã¥È¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢\fIsearch list\fP ¤ÎÍ×ÁǤ¬Éղ䵤ì¤ëÁ°¤Ë¡¢
¤½¤Î̾Á°¤¬´°Á´¤Ê̾Á°¤È¤·¤ÆºÇ½é¤Ë»î¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÃͤξå¸Â¤Ï 15 ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢ÌۤäƤ³¤ÎÃͤޤÇÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
.TP
.BI timeout: n
.\" Since glibc 2.2
.\"O sets the amount of time the resolver will wait for a
.\"O response from a remote name server before retrying the
.\"O query via a different name server.
.\"O Measured in seconds,
.\"O the default is
.\"O .B RES_TIMEOUT
.\"O (currently 5, see \fI<resolv.h>\fP).
.\"O The value for this option is silently capped to 30.
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.B RES_TIMEOUT
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.TP
.BI attempts: n
.\"O sets the number of times the resolver will send a
.\"O query to its name servers before giving up and returning
.\"O an error to the calling application.
.\"O The default is
.\"O .B RES_DFLRETRY
.\"O (currently 2, see \fI<resolv.h>\fP).
.\"O The value for this option is silently capped to 5.
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.B RES_DFLRETRY
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.B rotate
.\" Since glibc 2.2
.\"O sets
.\"O .B RES_ROTATE
.\"O in
.\"O .IR _res.options ,
.\"O which causes round robin selection of nameservers from among those listed.
.\"O This has the effect of spreading the query load among all listed servers,
.\"O rather than having all clients try the first listed server first every time.
.I _res.options
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.TP
.B no-check-names
.\" Since glibc 2.2
.\"O sets
.\"O .B RES_NOCHECKNAME
.\"O in
.\"O .IR _res.options ,
.\"O which disables the modern BIND checking of incoming hostnames and
.\"O mail names for invalid characters such as underscore (_), non-ASCII,
.\"O or control characters.
.I _res.options
¤Ë
.B RES_NOCHECKNAME
¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
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ÉÔÀµ¤Êʸ»ú¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë
ºÇ¶á¤Î BIND ¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B inet6
.\" Since glibc 2.2
.\"O sets
.\"O .BR RES_USE_INET6
.\"O in
.\"O .IR _res.options .
.\"O This has the effect of trying a AAAA query before an A query inside the
.\"O .BR gethostbyname (3)
.\"O function, and of mapping IPv4 responses in IPv6 "tunneled form"
.\"O if no AAAA records are found but an A record set exists.
.I _res.options
¤Ë
.B RES_USE_INET6
¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢
.BR gethostbyname (3)
´Ø¿ô¤ÎÆâÉô¤Ç A ¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¹Ô¤¦Á°¤Ë
AAAA ¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤Þ¤¿¡¢AAAA ¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤¬ A ¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¥»¥Ã¥È¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢
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.TP
.\"O .BR ip6-bytestring " (since glibc 2.3.4)"
.BR ip6-bytestring " (glibc 2.3.4 °Ê¹ß)"
.\"O sets
.\"O .BR RES_USE_BSTRING
.\"O in
.\"O .IR _res.options .
.\"O This causes reverse IPv6 lookups to be made using the bit-label format
.\"O described in RFC\ 2673;
.\"O if this option is not set, then nibble format is used.
.I _res.options
¤Ë
.B RES_USE_BSTRING
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¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢nibble ·Á¼°¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O .BR ip6-dotint / no-ip6-dotint " (since glibc 2.3.4)"
.BR ip6-dotint / no-ip6-dotint " (glibc 2.3.4 °Ê¹ß)"
.\"O Clear/set
.\"O .BR RES_NOIP6DOTINT
.\"O in
.\"O .IR _res.options .
.I _res.options
¤Ø¤Î
.B RES_NOIP6DOTINT
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.\"O When this option is clear
.\"O .RB ( ip6-dotint ),
.\"O reverse IPv6 lookups are made in the (deprecated)
.\"O .I ip6.int
.\"O zone;
.\"O when this option is set
.\"O .RB ( no-ip6-dotint ),
.\"O reverse IPv6 lookups are made in the
.\"O .I ip6.arpa
.\"O zone by default.
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.RB ( ip6-dotint )¡¢
IPv6 ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÎµÕ°ú¤­¤¬ (Èó¿ä¾©¤Î)
.I ip6.int
¥¾¡¼¥ó¤Ç¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È
.RB ( no-ip6-dotint )¡¢
IPv6 ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÎµÕ°ú¤­¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î
.I ip6.arpa
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.\"O This option is set by default.
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.TP
.\"O .BR edns0 " (since glibc 2.6)"
.BR edns0 " (glibc 2.6 °Ê¹ß)"
.\"O sets
.\"O .BR RES_USE_EDNSO
.\"O in
.\"O .IR _res.options .
.\"O This enables support for the DNS extensions described in RFC\ 2671.
.I _res.options
¤Ë
.B RES_USE_EDNSO
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.RE
.LP
.\"O The \fIdomain\fP and \fIsearch\fP keywords are mutually exclusive.
.\"O If more than one instance of these keywords is present,
.\"O the last instance wins.
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.LP
.\"O The \fIsearch\fP keyword of a system's \fIresolv.conf\fP file can be
.\"O overridden on a per-process basis by setting the environment variable
.\"O .B LOCALDOMAIN
.\"O to a space-separated list of search domains.
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î \fIresolv.conf\fP ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤¢¤ë \fIsearch\fP ¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï¡¢
¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤Ç¶èÀڤ俸¡º÷¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô
.B LOCALDOMAIN
¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢³Æ¥×¥í¥»¥¹Ëè¤Ë¾å½ñ¤­¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O The \fIoptions\fP keyword of a system's \fIresolv.conf\fP file can be
.\"O amended on a per-process basis by setting the environment variable
.\"O .B RES_OPTIONS
.\"O to a space-separated list of resolver options
.\"O as explained above under \fBoptions\fP.
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î \fIresolv.conf\fP ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤¢¤ë \fIoptions\fP ¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï¡¢
¾å¤Î \fBoptions\fP ¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢
¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤Ç¶èÀڤ俥쥾¥ë¥Ð¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô
.B RES_OPTIONS
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.LP
.\"O The keyword and value must appear on a single line, and the keyword
.\"O (e.g., \fBnameserver\fP) must start the line.
.\"O The value follows the keyword, separated by white space.
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.\"O .SH FILES
.SH ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.IR /etc/resolv.conf ,
.I <resolv.h>
.\"O .SH SEE ALSO
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR gethostbyname (3),
.BR resolver (3),
.BR hostname (7),
.BR named (8)
.br
.\"O Name Server Operations Guide for BIND
BIND ¤Î¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥¬¥¤¥É
.\"O 
.\"O Local Variables:
.\"O mode: nroff
.\"O End: