1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
9 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
10 "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-08-22 16:12+0900\n"
11 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
12 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
13 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
20 #: original/man1/cal.1:10
26 #: original/man1/cal.1:10 original/man1/chfn.1:10 original/man1/choom.1:10
27 #: original/man1/chrt.1:10 original/man1/chsh.1:10 original/man1/col.1:10
28 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:10 original/man1/colrm.1:10 original/man1/column.1:10
29 #: original/man1/eject.1:10 original/man1/fallocate.1:10
30 #: original/man1/fincore.1:10 original/man1/flock.1:10
31 #: original/man1/getopt.1:10 original/man1/hardlink.1:10
32 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:10 original/man1/ionice.1:10
33 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:10 original/man1/ipcrm.1:10 original/man1/ipcs.1:10
34 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:10 original/man1/kill.1:10 original/man1/last.1:10
35 #: original/man1/line.1:10 original/man1/logger.1:10 original/man1/login.1:10
36 #: original/man1/look.1:10 original/man1/lscpu.1:10 original/man1/lsipc.1:10
37 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:10 original/man1/lslogins.1:10
38 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:10 original/man1/mcookie.1:10 original/man1/mesg.1:10
39 #: original/man1/more.1:10 original/man1/mountpoint.1:10
40 #: original/man1/namei.1:10 original/man1/newgrp.1:10
41 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:10 original/man1/pg.1:10 original/man1/renice.1:10
42 #: original/man1/rev.1:10 original/man1/runuser.1:10 original/man1/script.1:10
43 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:10 original/man1/setpriv.1:10
44 #: original/man1/setsid.1:10 original/man1/setterm.1:10 original/man1/su.1:10
45 #: original/man1/taskset.1:10 original/man1/uclampset.1:10
46 #: original/man1/ul.1:10 original/man1/utmpdump.1:10 original/man1/uuidgen.1:10
47 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:10 original/man1/wall.1:10
48 #: original/man1/whereis.1:10 original/man1/write.1:10
54 #: original/man1/cal.1:10 original/man1/chfn.1:10 original/man1/choom.1:10
55 #: original/man1/chrt.1:10 original/man1/chsh.1:10 original/man1/col.1:10
56 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:10 original/man1/colrm.1:10 original/man1/column.1:10
57 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:10 original/man1/eject.1:10
58 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:10 original/man1/fincore.1:10
59 #: original/man1/flock.1:10 original/man1/getopt.1:10
60 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:10 original/man1/hexdump.1:10
61 #: original/man1/ionice.1:10 original/man1/ipcmk.1:10 original/man1/ipcrm.1:10
62 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:10 original/man1/irqtop.1:10 original/man1/kill.1:10
63 #: original/man1/last.1:10 original/man1/line.1:10 original/man1/logger.1:10
64 #: original/man1/login.1:10 original/man1/look.1:10 original/man1/lscpu.1:10
65 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:10 original/man1/lsirq.1:10
66 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:10 original/man1/lsmem.1:10
67 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:10 original/man1/mesg.1:10 original/man1/more.1:10
68 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:10 original/man1/namei.1:10
69 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:10 original/man1/nsenter.1:10 original/man1/pg.1:10
70 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:10 original/man1/rename.1:10
71 #: original/man1/renice.1:10 original/man1/rev.1:10 original/man1/runuser.1:10
72 #: original/man1/script.1:10 original/man1/scriptlive.1:10
73 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:10 original/man1/setpriv.1:10
74 #: original/man1/setsid.1:10 original/man1/setterm.1:10 original/man1/su.1:10
75 #: original/man1/taskset.1:10 original/man1/uclampset.1:10
76 #: original/man1/ul.1:10 original/man1/unshare.1:10 original/man1/utmpdump.1:10
77 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:10 original/man1/uuidparse.1:10
78 #: original/man1/wall.1:10 original/man1/whereis.1:10 original/man1/write.1:10
80 msgid "util-linux 2.37.2"
84 #: original/man1/cal.1:10 original/man1/chfn.1:10 original/man1/choom.1:10
85 #: original/man1/chrt.1:10 original/man1/chsh.1:10 original/man1/col.1:10
86 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:10 original/man1/colrm.1:10 original/man1/column.1:10
87 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:10 original/man1/eject.1:10
88 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:10 original/man1/fincore.1:10
89 #: original/man1/flock.1:10 original/man1/getopt.1:10
90 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:10 original/man1/hexdump.1:10
91 #: original/man1/ionice.1:10 original/man1/ipcmk.1:10 original/man1/ipcrm.1:10
92 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:10 original/man1/irqtop.1:10 original/man1/kill.1:10
93 #: original/man1/last.1:10 original/man1/line.1:10 original/man1/logger.1:10
94 #: original/man1/login.1:10 original/man1/look.1:10 original/man1/lscpu.1:10
95 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:10 original/man1/lsirq.1:10
96 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:10 original/man1/lsmem.1:10
97 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:10 original/man1/mesg.1:10 original/man1/more.1:10
98 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:10 original/man1/namei.1:10
99 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:10 original/man1/nsenter.1:10 original/man1/pg.1:10
100 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:10 original/man1/rename.1:10
101 #: original/man1/renice.1:10 original/man1/rev.1:10 original/man1/runuser.1:10
102 #: original/man1/script.1:10 original/man1/scriptlive.1:10
103 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:10 original/man1/setpriv.1:10
104 #: original/man1/setsid.1:10 original/man1/setterm.1:10 original/man1/su.1:10
105 #: original/man1/taskset.1:10 original/man1/uclampset.1:10
106 #: original/man1/ul.1:10 original/man1/unshare.1:10 original/man1/utmpdump.1:10
107 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:10 original/man1/uuidparse.1:10
108 #: original/man1/wall.1:10 original/man1/whereis.1:10 original/man1/write.1:10
110 msgid "User Commands"
114 #: original/man1/cal.1:30 original/man1/chfn.1:30 original/man1/choom.1:30
115 #: original/man1/chrt.1:30 original/man1/chsh.1:30 original/man1/col.1:30
116 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:30 original/man1/colrm.1:30 original/man1/column.1:30
117 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:30 original/man1/eject.1:30
118 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:30 original/man1/fincore.1:30
119 #: original/man1/flock.1:30 original/man1/getopt.1:30
120 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:30 original/man1/hexdump.1:30
121 #: original/man1/ionice.1:30 original/man1/ipcmk.1:30 original/man1/ipcrm.1:30
122 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:30 original/man1/irqtop.1:30 original/man1/kill.1:30
123 #: original/man1/last.1:30 original/man1/line.1:30 original/man1/logger.1:30
124 #: original/man1/login.1:30 original/man1/look.1:30 original/man1/lscpu.1:30
125 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:30 original/man1/lsirq.1:30
126 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:30 original/man1/lsmem.1:30
127 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:30 original/man1/mesg.1:30 original/man1/more.1:30
128 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:30 original/man1/namei.1:30
129 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:30 original/man1/nsenter.1:30 original/man1/pg.1:30
130 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:30 original/man1/rename.1:30
131 #: original/man1/renice.1:30 original/man1/rev.1:30 original/man1/runuser.1:30
132 #: original/man1/script.1:30 original/man1/scriptlive.1:30
133 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:30 original/man1/setpriv.1:30
134 #: original/man1/setsid.1:30 original/man1/setterm.1:30 original/man1/su.1:30
135 #: original/man1/taskset.1:30 original/man1/uclampset.1:30
136 #: original/man1/ul.1:30 original/man1/unshare.1:30 original/man1/utmpdump.1:30
137 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:30 original/man1/uuidparse.1:30
138 #: original/man1/wall.1:30 original/man1/whereis.1:30 original/man1/write.1:30
144 #: original/man1/cal.1:32
145 msgid "cal - display a calendar"
149 #: original/man1/cal.1:32 original/man1/chfn.1:32 original/man1/chrt.1:32
150 #: original/man1/chsh.1:32 original/man1/col.1:32 original/man1/colcrt.1:32
151 #: original/man1/colrm.1:32 original/man1/column.1:32 original/man1/dmesg.1:32
152 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:32 original/man1/fincore.1:32
153 #: original/man1/flock.1:32 original/man1/getopt.1:32
154 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:32 original/man1/ionice.1:32
155 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:32 original/man1/ipcrm.1:32 original/man1/ipcs.1:32
156 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:32 original/man1/kill.1:32 original/man1/last.1:32
157 #: original/man1/line.1:32 original/man1/logger.1:32 original/man1/login.1:32
158 #: original/man1/look.1:32 original/man1/lscpu.1:32 original/man1/lsipc.1:32
159 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:32 original/man1/lslogins.1:32
160 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:32 original/man1/mcookie.1:32 original/man1/mesg.1:32
161 #: original/man1/more.1:32 original/man1/mountpoint.1:32
162 #: original/man1/namei.1:32 original/man1/newgrp.1:32
163 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:32 original/man1/pg.1:32 original/man1/prlimit.1:32
164 #: original/man1/rename.1:32 original/man1/renice.1:32 original/man1/rev.1:32
165 #: original/man1/runuser.1:32 original/man1/script.1:32
166 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:32 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:32
167 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:32 original/man1/setsid.1:32
168 #: original/man1/setterm.1:32 original/man1/su.1:32 original/man1/taskset.1:32
169 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:32 original/man1/ul.1:32
170 #: original/man1/unshare.1:32 original/man1/utmpdump.1:32
171 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:32 original/man1/uuidparse.1:32
172 #: original/man1/wall.1:32 original/man1/whereis.1:32
178 #: original/man1/cal.1:35
179 msgid "B<cal> [options] [[[I<day>] I<month>] I<year>]"
183 #: original/man1/cal.1:37
184 msgid "B<cal> [options] [I<timestamp>|I<monthname>]"
188 #: original/man1/cal.1:37 original/man1/chfn.1:35 original/man1/choom.1:38
189 #: original/man1/chrt.1:37 original/man1/chsh.1:35 original/man1/col.1:35
190 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:35 original/man1/colrm.1:35 original/man1/column.1:35
191 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:45 original/man1/eject.1:34
192 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:39 original/man1/fincore.1:35
193 #: original/man1/flock.1:39 original/man1/getopt.1:37
194 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:35 original/man1/hexdump.1:36
195 #: original/man1/ionice.1:41 original/man1/ipcmk.1:35 original/man1/ipcrm.1:37
196 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:35 original/man1/irqtop.1:35 original/man1/kill.1:37
197 #: original/man1/last.1:37 original/man1/line.1:35 original/man1/logger.1:35
198 #: original/man1/login.1:35 original/man1/look.1:35 original/man1/lscpu.1:35
199 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:35 original/man1/lsirq.1:35
200 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:35 original/man1/lsmem.1:35
201 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:35 original/man1/mesg.1:35 original/man1/more.1:35
202 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:37 original/man1/namei.1:35
203 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:35 original/man1/nsenter.1:35 original/man1/pg.1:35
204 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:37 original/man1/rename.1:35
205 #: original/man1/renice.1:35 original/man1/rev.1:35 original/man1/runuser.1:37
206 #: original/man1/script.1:35 original/man1/scriptlive.1:35
207 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:35 original/man1/setpriv.1:35
208 #: original/man1/setsid.1:35 original/man1/setterm.1:35 original/man1/su.1:35
209 #: original/man1/taskset.1:37 original/man1/uclampset.1:37
210 #: original/man1/ul.1:35 original/man1/unshare.1:35 original/man1/utmpdump.1:35
211 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:35 original/man1/uuidparse.1:35
212 #: original/man1/wall.1:35 original/man1/whereis.1:35 original/man1/write.1:34
218 #: original/man1/cal.1:40
220 "B<cal> displays a simple calendar. If no arguments are specified, the "
221 "current month is displayed."
225 #: original/man1/cal.1:42
227 "The I<month> may be specified as a number (1-12), as a month name or as an "
228 "abbreviated month name according to the current locales."
232 #: original/man1/cal.1:44
234 "Two different calendar systems are used, Gregorian and Julian. These are "
235 "nearly identical systems with Gregorian making a small adjustment to the "
236 "frequency of leap years; this facilitates improved synchronization with "
237 "solar events like the equinoxes. The Gregorian calendar reform was "
238 "introduced in 1582, but its adoption continued up to 1923. By default B<cal> "
239 "uses the adoption date of 3 Sept 1752. From that date forward the Gregorian "
240 "calendar is displayed; previous dates use the Julian calendar system. 11 "
241 "days were removed at the time of adoption to bring the calendar in sync with "
242 "solar events. So Sept 1752 has a mix of Julian and Gregorian dates by which "
243 "the 2nd is followed by the 14th (the 3rd through the 13th are absent)."
247 #: original/man1/cal.1:46
249 "Optionally, either the proleptic Gregorian calendar or the Julian calendar "
250 "may be used exclusively. See B<--reform> below."
254 #: original/man1/cal.1:46 original/man1/chfn.1:44 original/man1/choom.1:41
255 #: original/man1/chrt.1:118 original/man1/chsh.1:40 original/man1/col.1:40
256 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:38 original/man1/colrm.1:42 original/man1/column.1:55
257 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:50 original/man1/eject.1:45
258 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:44 original/man1/fincore.1:40
259 #: original/man1/flock.1:46 original/man1/getopt.1:46
260 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:38 original/man1/hexdump.1:39
261 #: original/man1/ionice.1:67 original/man1/ipcmk.1:38 original/man1/ipcrm.1:48
262 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:38 original/man1/irqtop.1:40 original/man1/kill.1:79
263 #: original/man1/last.1:46 original/man1/logger.1:40 original/man1/login.1:50
264 #: original/man1/look.1:40 original/man1/lscpu.1:48 original/man1/lsipc.1:38
265 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:40 original/man1/lslogins.1:42
266 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:48 original/man1/mcookie.1:47 original/man1/mesg.1:55
267 #: original/man1/more.1:38 original/man1/mountpoint.1:40
268 #: original/man1/namei.1:60 original/man1/nsenter.1:80 original/man1/pg.1:42
269 #: original/man1/rename.1:38 original/man1/renice.1:38 original/man1/rev.1:40
270 #: original/man1/runuser.1:48 original/man1/script.1:44
271 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:44 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:46
272 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:40 original/man1/setsid.1:38
273 #: original/man1/setterm.1:38 original/man1/su.1:48 original/man1/taskset.1:74
274 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:54 original/man1/ul.1:38
275 #: original/man1/unshare.1:86 original/man1/utmpdump.1:38
276 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:42 original/man1/uuidparse.1:128
277 #: original/man1/wall.1:42 original/man1/whereis.1:60 original/man1/write.1:57
283 #: original/man1/cal.1:49
284 msgid "B<-1>, B<--one>"
288 #: original/man1/cal.1:51
289 msgid "Display single month output. (This is the default.)"
293 #: original/man1/cal.1:54
294 msgid "B<-3>, B<--three>"
298 #: original/man1/cal.1:56
299 msgid "Display three months spanning the date."
303 #: original/man1/cal.1:59
304 msgid "B<-n , --months> I<number>"
308 #: original/man1/cal.1:61
309 msgid "Display I<number> of months, starting from the month containing the date."
313 #: original/man1/cal.1:64
314 msgid "B<-S, --span>"
318 #: original/man1/cal.1:66
319 msgid "Display months spanning the date."
323 #: original/man1/cal.1:69
324 msgid "B<-s>, B<--sunday>"
328 #: original/man1/cal.1:71
329 msgid "Display Sunday as the first day of the week."
333 #: original/man1/cal.1:74
334 msgid "B<-m>, B<--monday>"
338 #: original/man1/cal.1:76
339 msgid "Display Monday as the first day of the week."
343 #: original/man1/cal.1:79 original/man1/namei.1:83
344 msgid "B<-v>, B<--vertical>"
348 #: original/man1/cal.1:81
349 msgid "Display using a vertical layout (aka B<ncal>(1) mode)."
353 #: original/man1/cal.1:84
358 #: original/man1/cal.1:86
360 "Display the proleptic Gregorian calendar exclusively. This option does not "
361 "affect week numbers and the first day of the week. See B<--reform> below."
365 #: original/man1/cal.1:89
366 msgid "B<-j>, B<--julian>"
370 #: original/man1/cal.1:91
372 "Use day-of-year numbering for all calendars. These are also called ordinal "
373 "days. Ordinal days range from 1 to 366. This option does not switch from the "
374 "Gregorian to the Julian calendar system, that is controlled by the "
375 "B<--reform> option."
379 #: original/man1/cal.1:93
381 "Sometimes Gregorian calendars using ordinal dates are referred to as Julian "
382 "calendars. This can be confusing due to the many date related conventions "
383 "that use Julian in their name: (ordinal) julian date, julian (calendar) "
384 "date, (astronomical) julian date, (modified) julian date, and more. This "
385 "option is named julian, because ordinal days are identified as julian by the "
386 "POSIX standard. However, be aware that B<cal> also uses the Julian calendar "
387 "system. See B<DESCRIPTION> above."
391 #: original/man1/cal.1:96
392 msgid "B<--reform> I<val>"
396 #: original/man1/cal.1:98
398 "This option sets the adoption date of the Gregorian calendar "
399 "reform. Calendar dates previous to reform use the Julian calendar "
400 "system. Calendar dates after reform use the Gregorian calendar system. The "
401 "argument I<val> can be:"
405 #: original/man1/cal.1:102 original/man1/cal.1:113 original/man1/cal.1:124
406 #: original/man1/cal.1:135
407 msgid "\\h'-04'\\(bu\\h'+03'"
411 #: original/man1/cal.1:108
413 "I<1752> - sets 3 September 1752 as the reform date (default). This is when "
414 "the Gregorian calendar reform was adopted by the British Empire."
418 #: original/man1/cal.1:119
420 "I<gregorian> - display Gregorian calendars exclusively. This special "
421 "placeholder sets the reform date below the smallest year that B<cal> can "
422 "use; meaning all calendar output uses the Gregorian calendar system. This is "
423 "called the proleptic Gregorian calendar, because dates prior to the calendar "
424 "system\\(cqs creation use extrapolated values."
428 #: original/man1/cal.1:130
430 "I<iso> - alias of I<gregorian>. The ISO 8601 standard for the representation "
431 "of dates and times in information interchange requires using the proleptic "
432 "Gregorian calendar."
436 #: original/man1/cal.1:141
438 "I<julian> - display Julian calendars exclusively. This special placeholder "
439 "sets the reform date above the largest year that B<cal> can use; meaning all "
440 "calendar output uses the Julian calendar system."
444 #: original/man1/cal.1:145
445 msgid "See B<DESCRIPTION> above."
449 #: original/man1/cal.1:147
450 msgid "B<-y>, B<--year>"
454 #: original/man1/cal.1:149
455 msgid "Display a calendar for the whole year."
459 #: original/man1/cal.1:152
460 msgid "B<-Y, --twelve>"
464 #: original/man1/cal.1:154
465 msgid "Display a calendar for the next twelve months."
469 #: original/man1/cal.1:157
470 msgid "B<-w>, B<--week>[=I<number>]"
474 #: original/man1/cal.1:159
476 "Display week numbers in the calendar (US or ISO-8601). See NOTES section for "
481 #: original/man1/cal.1:162
482 msgid "B<--color>[=I<when>]"
486 #: original/man1/cal.1:164
488 "Colorize the output. The optional argument I<when> can be B<auto>, B<never> "
489 "or B<always>. If the I<when> argument is omitted, it defaults to "
490 "B<auto>. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in default see "
491 "the B<--help> output. See also the B<COLORS> section."
495 #: original/man1/cal.1:167 original/man1/choom.1:59 original/man1/chrt.1:141
496 #: original/man1/col.1:73 original/man1/colcrt.1:51 original/man1/colrm.1:45
497 #: original/man1/column.1:167 original/man1/dmesg.1:211
498 #: original/man1/eject.1:128 original/man1/fallocate.1:117
499 #: original/man1/fincore.1:68 original/man1/flock.1:99
500 #: original/man1/getopt.1:99 original/man1/hexdump.1:104
501 #: original/man1/ionice.1:105 original/man1/ipcmk.1:65 original/man1/ipcrm.1:88
502 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:51 original/man1/irqtop.1:63 original/man1/logger.1:245
503 #: original/man1/login.1:80 original/man1/look.1:65 original/man1/lscpu.1:131
504 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:56 original/man1/lsirq.1:73
505 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:149 original/man1/lsmem.1:106
506 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:67 original/man1/mesg.1:63 original/man1/more.1:103
507 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:63 original/man1/namei.1:93
508 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:222 original/man1/pg.1:99 original/man1/rename.1:66
509 #: original/man1/renice.1:61 original/man1/rev.1:43 original/man1/runuser.1:193
510 #: original/man1/script.1:135 original/man1/scriptlive.1:77
511 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:104 original/man1/setpriv.1:167
512 #: original/man1/setsid.1:56 original/man1/su.1:193 original/man1/taskset.1:92
513 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:92 original/man1/ul.1:51
514 #: original/man1/unshare.1:213 original/man1/utmpdump.1:56
515 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:60 original/man1/uuidparse.1:151
516 #: original/man1/wall.1:60 original/man1/whereis.1:113 original/man1/write.1:60
517 msgid "B<-V>, B<--version>"
521 #: original/man1/cal.1:169 original/man1/chfn.1:74 original/man1/choom.1:61
522 #: original/man1/chrt.1:143 original/man1/chsh.1:60 original/man1/col.1:75
523 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:53 original/man1/colrm.1:47
524 #: original/man1/column.1:169 original/man1/dmesg.1:213
525 #: original/man1/eject.1:130 original/man1/fallocate.1:119
526 #: original/man1/fincore.1:70 original/man1/flock.1:101
527 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:106 original/man1/ionice.1:107
528 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:67 original/man1/ipcrm.1:90 original/man1/ipcs.1:53
529 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:65 original/man1/logger.1:247
530 #: original/man1/login.1:82 original/man1/look.1:67 original/man1/lscpu.1:133
531 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:58 original/man1/lsirq.1:75
532 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:151 original/man1/lsmem.1:108
533 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:69 original/man1/mesg.1:65 original/man1/more.1:105
534 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:65 original/man1/namei.1:95
535 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:224 original/man1/pg.1:101
536 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:125 original/man1/rename.1:68
537 #: original/man1/renice.1:63 original/man1/rev.1:45 original/man1/runuser.1:195
538 #: original/man1/script.1:137 original/man1/scriptlive.1:79
539 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:106 original/man1/setpriv.1:169
540 #: original/man1/setsid.1:58 original/man1/su.1:195 original/man1/taskset.1:94
541 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:94 original/man1/ul.1:53
542 #: original/man1/unshare.1:215 original/man1/utmpdump.1:58
543 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:62 original/man1/uuidparse.1:153
544 #: original/man1/wall.1:62 original/man1/whereis.1:115 original/man1/write.1:62
545 msgid "Display version information and exit."
549 #: original/man1/cal.1:172 original/man1/choom.1:54 original/man1/chrt.1:146
550 #: original/man1/chsh.1:53 original/man1/colcrt.1:56 original/man1/colrm.1:50
551 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:216 original/man1/eject.1:73
552 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:122 original/man1/fincore.1:73
553 #: original/man1/flock.1:104 original/man1/getopt.1:54
554 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:41 original/man1/hexdump.1:109
555 #: original/man1/ionice.1:95 original/man1/ipcmk.1:70 original/man1/ipcrm.1:93
556 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:46 original/man1/irqtop.1:68 original/man1/logger.1:250
557 #: original/man1/look.1:70 original/man1/lscpu.1:93 original/man1/lsipc.1:51
558 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:78 original/man1/lslogins.1:84
559 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:61 original/man1/mcookie.1:72 original/man1/mesg.1:68
560 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:68 original/man1/namei.1:98
561 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:227 original/man1/pg.1:104 original/man1/rename.1:71
562 #: original/man1/renice.1:66 original/man1/rev.1:48 original/man1/runuser.1:198
563 #: original/man1/script.1:140 original/man1/scriptlive.1:82
564 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:109 original/man1/setpriv.1:172
565 #: original/man1/setsid.1:61 original/man1/su.1:198 original/man1/taskset.1:97
566 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:97 original/man1/ul.1:56
567 #: original/man1/unshare.1:218 original/man1/utmpdump.1:61
568 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:55 original/man1/uuidparse.1:156
569 #: original/man1/wall.1:65 original/man1/whereis.1:108 original/man1/write.1:65
570 msgid "B<-h>, B<--help>"
574 #: original/man1/cal.1:174 original/man1/chfn.1:69 original/man1/choom.1:56
575 #: original/man1/chrt.1:148 original/man1/chsh.1:55 original/man1/col.1:80
576 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:58 original/man1/colrm.1:52
577 #: original/man1/column.1:174 original/man1/dmesg.1:218
578 #: original/man1/eject.1:75 original/man1/fallocate.1:124
579 #: original/man1/fincore.1:75 original/man1/flock.1:106
580 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:111 original/man1/ionice.1:97
581 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:72 original/man1/ipcrm.1:95 original/man1/ipcs.1:48
582 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:70 original/man1/logger.1:252
583 #: original/man1/login.1:77 original/man1/look.1:72 original/man1/lscpu.1:95
584 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:53 original/man1/lsirq.1:80 original/man1/lsmem.1:63
585 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:74 original/man1/mesg.1:70 original/man1/more.1:100
586 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:70 original/man1/namei.1:100
587 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:229 original/man1/pg.1:106
588 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:95 original/man1/rename.1:73
589 #: original/man1/renice.1:68 original/man1/rev.1:50 original/man1/runuser.1:200
590 #: original/man1/script.1:142 original/man1/scriptlive.1:84
591 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:111 original/man1/setpriv.1:174
592 #: original/man1/setsid.1:63 original/man1/su.1:200 original/man1/taskset.1:99
593 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:99 original/man1/ul.1:58
594 #: original/man1/unshare.1:220 original/man1/utmpdump.1:63
595 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:57 original/man1/uuidparse.1:158
596 #: original/man1/wall.1:67 original/man1/whereis.1:110 original/man1/write.1:67
597 msgid "Display help text and exit."
601 #: original/man1/cal.1:175
607 #: original/man1/cal.1:178
608 msgid "B<Single digits-only parameter (e.g., \\(aqcal 2020\\(aq)>"
612 #: original/man1/cal.1:180
614 "Specifies the I<year> to be displayed; note the year must be fully "
615 "specified: B<cal 89> will not display a calendar for 1989."
619 #: original/man1/cal.1:183
621 "B<Single string parameter (e.g., \\(aqcal tomorrow\\(aq or \\(aqcal "
626 #: original/man1/cal.1:185
628 "Specifies I<timestamp> or a I<month name> (or abbreviated name) according to "
629 "the current locales."
633 #: original/man1/cal.1:187
635 "The special placeholders are accepted when parsing timestamp, \"now\" may be "
636 "used to refer to the current time, \"today\", \"yesterday\", \"tomorrow\" "
637 "refer to of the current day, the day before or the next day, respectively."
641 #: original/man1/cal.1:189
643 "The relative date specifications are also accepted, in this case \"+\" is "
644 "evaluated to the current time plus the specified time span. Correspondingly, "
645 "a time span that is prefixed with \"-\" is evaluated to the current time "
646 "minus the specified time span, for example \\(aq+2days\\(aq. Instead of "
647 "prefixing the time span with \"+\" or \"-\", it may also be suffixed with a "
648 "space and the word \"left\" or \"ago\" (for example \\(aq1 week ago\\(aq)."
652 #: original/man1/cal.1:192
653 msgid "B<Two parameters (e.g., \\(aqcal 11 2020\\(aq)>"
657 #: original/man1/cal.1:194
658 msgid "Denote the I<month> (1 - 12) and I<year>."
662 #: original/man1/cal.1:197
663 msgid "B<Three parameters (e.g., \\(aqcal 25 11 2020\\(aq)>"
667 #: original/man1/cal.1:199
669 "Denote the I<day> (1-31), I<month and year>, and the day will be highlighted "
670 "if the calendar is displayed on a terminal. If no parameters are specified, "
671 "the current month\\(cqs calendar is displayed."
675 #: original/man1/cal.1:200 original/man1/choom.1:62 original/man1/chrt.1:168
676 #: original/man1/col.1:84 original/man1/eject.1:149 original/man1/ionice.1:108
677 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:96 original/man1/ipcs.1:119 original/man1/kill.1:153
678 #: original/man1/last.1:208 original/man1/lslogins.1:188
679 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:95 original/man1/pg.1:217
680 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:207 original/man1/renice.1:75
681 #: original/man1/script.1:154 original/man1/setpriv.1:175
682 #: original/man1/su.1:270 original/man1/uclampset.1:124
683 #: original/man1/unshare.1:221 original/man1/utmpdump.1:64
684 #: original/man1/wall.1:68
690 #: original/man1/cal.1:203
692 "A year starts on January 1. The first day of the week is determined by the "
693 "locale or the B<--sunday> and B<--monday> options."
697 #: original/man1/cal.1:205
699 "The week numbering depends on the choice of the first day of the week. If it "
700 "is Sunday then the customary North American numbering is used, where 1 "
701 "January is in week number 1. If it is Monday (B<-m>) then the ISO 8601 "
702 "standard week numbering is used, where the first Thursday is in week number "
707 #: original/man1/cal.1:205 original/man1/dmesg.1:219
708 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:465
714 #: original/man1/cal.1:208
715 msgid "Implicit coloring can be disabled as follows:"
719 #: original/man1/cal.1:212
720 msgid "B<touch /etc/terminal-colors.d/cal.disable>"
724 #: original/man1/cal.1:217 original/man1/hexdump.1:470
726 "See B<terminal-colors.d>(5) for more details about colorization "
731 #: original/man1/cal.1:217 original/man1/col.1:148 original/man1/colcrt.1:59
732 #: original/man1/colrm.1:53 original/man1/column.1:178 original/man1/look.1:92
733 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:157 original/man1/lslogins.1:191
734 #: original/man1/mesg.1:92 original/man1/more.1:237 original/man1/renice.1:80
735 #: original/man1/runuser.1:262 original/man1/script.1:174
736 #: original/man1/su.1:280 original/man1/ul.1:67 original/man1/wall.1:71
737 #: original/man1/write.1:68
743 #: original/man1/cal.1:220
744 msgid "A B<cal> command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX."
748 #: original/man1/cal.1:220 original/man1/colcrt.1:62 original/man1/column.1:181
749 #: original/man1/getopt.1:168 original/man1/hardlink.1:117
750 #: original/man1/login.1:190 original/man1/lscpu.1:139
751 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:80 original/man1/namei.1:101
752 #: original/man1/script.1:177 original/man1/setterm.1:258 original/man1/ul.1:70
753 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:81
759 #: original/man1/cal.1:223
761 "The default B<cal> output uses 3 September 1752 as the Gregorian calendar "
762 "reform date. The historical reform dates for the other locales, including "
763 "its introduction in October 1582, are not implemented."
767 #: original/man1/cal.1:225
769 "Alternative calendars, such as the Umm al-Qura, the Solar Hijri, the "
770 "Ge\\(cqez, or the lunisolar Hindu, are not supported."
774 #: original/man1/cal.1:225 original/man1/chfn.1:101 original/man1/choom.1:81
775 #: original/man1/chrt.1:185 original/man1/chsh.1:78 original/man1/col.1:156
776 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:90 original/man1/colrm.1:62
777 #: original/man1/column.1:258 original/man1/dmesg.1:277
778 #: original/man1/eject.1:178 original/man1/fallocate.1:134
779 #: original/man1/fincore.1:84 original/man1/flock.1:154
780 #: original/man1/getopt.1:181 original/man1/hardlink.1:125
781 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:470 original/man1/ionice.1:158
782 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:81 original/man1/ipcrm.1:112 original/man1/ipcs.1:137
783 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:102 original/man1/kill.1:172 original/man1/last.1:220
784 #: original/man1/line.1:41 original/man1/logger.1:338 original/man1/login.1:214
785 #: original/man1/look.1:109 original/man1/lscpu.1:154 original/man1/lsipc.1:176
786 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:86 original/man1/lslogins.1:204
787 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:120 original/man1/mcookie.1:89
788 #: original/man1/mesg.1:102 original/man1/more.1:251
789 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:104 original/man1/namei.1:116
790 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:52 original/man1/nsenter.1:239 original/man1/pg.1:231
791 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:244 original/man1/rename.1:151
792 #: original/man1/renice.1:96 original/man1/rev.1:54 original/man1/runuser.1:272
793 #: original/man1/script.1:187 original/man1/scriptlive.1:114
794 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:148 original/man1/setpriv.1:198
795 #: original/man1/setsid.1:70 original/man1/setterm.1:267 original/man1/su.1:290
796 #: original/man1/taskset.1:134 original/man1/uclampset.1:147
797 #: original/man1/ul.1:81 original/man1/unshare.1:351
798 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:93 original/man1/uuidgen.1:101
799 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:167 original/man1/wall.1:80
800 #: original/man1/whereis.1:130 original/man1/write.1:76
802 msgid "REPORTING BUGS"
806 #: original/man1/cal.1:228 original/man1/chfn.1:104 original/man1/choom.1:84
807 #: original/man1/chrt.1:188 original/man1/chsh.1:81 original/man1/col.1:159
808 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:93 original/man1/colrm.1:65
809 #: original/man1/column.1:261 original/man1/dmesg.1:280
810 #: original/man1/eject.1:181 original/man1/fallocate.1:137
811 #: original/man1/fincore.1:87 original/man1/flock.1:157
812 #: original/man1/getopt.1:184 original/man1/hardlink.1:128
813 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:473 original/man1/ionice.1:161
814 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:84 original/man1/ipcrm.1:115 original/man1/ipcs.1:140
815 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:105 original/man1/kill.1:175 original/man1/last.1:223
816 #: original/man1/line.1:44 original/man1/logger.1:341 original/man1/login.1:217
817 #: original/man1/look.1:112 original/man1/lscpu.1:157 original/man1/lsipc.1:179
818 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:89 original/man1/lslogins.1:207
819 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:123 original/man1/mcookie.1:92
820 #: original/man1/mesg.1:105 original/man1/more.1:254
821 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:107 original/man1/namei.1:119
822 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:55 original/man1/nsenter.1:242 original/man1/pg.1:234
823 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:247 original/man1/rename.1:154
824 #: original/man1/renice.1:99 original/man1/rev.1:57 original/man1/runuser.1:275
825 #: original/man1/script.1:190 original/man1/scriptlive.1:117
826 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:151 original/man1/setpriv.1:201
827 #: original/man1/setsid.1:73 original/man1/setterm.1:270 original/man1/su.1:293
828 #: original/man1/taskset.1:137 original/man1/uclampset.1:150
829 #: original/man1/ul.1:84 original/man1/unshare.1:354
830 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:96 original/man1/uuidgen.1:104
831 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:170 original/man1/wall.1:83
832 #: original/man1/whereis.1:133 original/man1/write.1:79
833 msgid "For bug reports, use the issue tracker at"
837 #: original/man1/cal.1:229 original/man1/chfn.1:105 original/man1/choom.1:85
838 #: original/man1/chrt.1:189 original/man1/chsh.1:82 original/man1/col.1:160
839 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:94 original/man1/colrm.1:66
840 #: original/man1/column.1:262 original/man1/dmesg.1:281
841 #: original/man1/eject.1:182 original/man1/fallocate.1:138
842 #: original/man1/fincore.1:88 original/man1/flock.1:158
843 #: original/man1/getopt.1:185 original/man1/hardlink.1:129
844 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:474 original/man1/ionice.1:162
845 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:85 original/man1/ipcrm.1:116 original/man1/ipcs.1:141
846 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:106 original/man1/kill.1:176 original/man1/last.1:224
847 #: original/man1/line.1:45 original/man1/logger.1:342 original/man1/login.1:218
848 #: original/man1/look.1:113 original/man1/lscpu.1:158 original/man1/lsipc.1:180
849 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:90 original/man1/lslogins.1:208
850 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:124 original/man1/mcookie.1:93
851 #: original/man1/mesg.1:106 original/man1/more.1:255
852 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:108 original/man1/namei.1:120
853 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:56 original/man1/nsenter.1:243 original/man1/pg.1:235
854 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:248 original/man1/rename.1:155
855 #: original/man1/renice.1:100 original/man1/rev.1:58
856 #: original/man1/runuser.1:276 original/man1/script.1:191
857 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:118 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:152
858 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:202 original/man1/setsid.1:74
859 #: original/man1/setterm.1:271 original/man1/su.1:294
860 #: original/man1/taskset.1:138 original/man1/uclampset.1:151
861 #: original/man1/ul.1:85 original/man1/unshare.1:355
862 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:97 original/man1/uuidgen.1:105
863 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:171 original/man1/wall.1:84
864 #: original/man1/whereis.1:134 original/man1/write.1:80
870 #: original/man1/cal.1:232
872 "The B<cal> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
877 #: original/man1/chfn.1:10
883 #: original/man1/chfn.1:32
884 msgid "chfn - change your finger information"
888 #: original/man1/chfn.1:35
890 "B<chfn> [B<-f> I<full-name>] [B<-o> I<office>] [B<-p> I<office-phone>] "
891 "[B<-h> I<home-phone>] [B<-u>] [B<-v>] [I<username>]"
895 #: original/man1/chfn.1:38
897 "B<chfn> is used to change your finger information. This information is "
898 "stored in the I</etc/passwd> file, and is displayed by the B<finger> "
899 "program. The Linux B<finger> command will display four pieces of information "
900 "that can be changed by B<chfn>: your real name, your work room and phone, "
901 "and your home phone."
905 #: original/man1/chfn.1:40
907 "Any of the four pieces of information can be specified on the command "
908 "line. If no information is given on the command line, B<chfn> enters "
913 #: original/man1/chfn.1:42
915 "In interactive mode, B<chfn> will prompt for each field. At a prompt, you "
916 "can enter the new information, or just press return to leave the field "
917 "unchanged. Enter the keyword \"none\" to make the field blank."
921 #: original/man1/chfn.1:44
923 "B<chfn> supports non-local entries (kerberos, LDAP, etc.) if linked with "
924 "libuser, otherwise use B<ypchfn>(1), B<lchfn>(1) or any other implementation "
925 "for non-local entries."
929 #: original/man1/chfn.1:47
930 msgid "B<-f>, B<--full-name> I<full-name>"
934 #: original/man1/chfn.1:49
935 msgid "Specify your real name."
939 #: original/man1/chfn.1:52
940 msgid "B<-o>, B<--office> I<office>"
944 #: original/man1/chfn.1:54
945 msgid "Specify your office room number."
949 #: original/man1/chfn.1:57
950 msgid "B<-p>, B<--office-phone> I<office-phone>"
954 #: original/man1/chfn.1:59
955 msgid "Specify your office phone number."
959 #: original/man1/chfn.1:62
960 msgid "B<-h>, B<--home-phone> I<home-phone>"
964 #: original/man1/chfn.1:64
965 msgid "Specify your home phone number."
969 #: original/man1/chfn.1:67
970 msgid "B<-u>, B<--help>"
974 #: original/man1/chfn.1:72 original/man1/chsh.1:58
975 msgid "B<-v>, B<--version>"
979 #: original/man1/chfn.1:75 original/man1/login.1:83
981 msgid "CONFIG FILE ITEMS"
985 #: original/man1/chfn.1:78
987 "B<chfn> reads the I</etc/login.defs> configuration file (see "
988 "B<login.defs>(5)). Note that the configuration file could be distributed "
989 "with another package (e.g., shadow-utils). The following configuration items "
990 "are relevant for B<chfn>:"
994 #: original/man1/chfn.1:80
995 msgid "B<CHFN_RESTRICT> I<string>"
999 #: original/man1/chfn.1:82
1000 msgid "Indicate which fields are changeable by B<chfn>."
1004 #: original/man1/chfn.1:84
1006 "The boolean setting B<\"yes\"> means that only the Office, Office Phone and "
1007 "Home Phone fields are changeable, and boolean setting B<\"no\"> means that "
1008 "also the Full Name is changeable."
1012 #: original/man1/chfn.1:86
1014 "Another way to specify changeable fields is by abbreviations: f = Full Name, "
1015 "r = Office (room), w = Office (work) Phone, h = Home Phone. For example, "
1016 "B<CHFN_RESTRICT \"wh\"> allows changing work and home phone numbers."
1020 #: original/man1/chfn.1:88
1022 "If B<CHFN_RESTRICT> is undefined, then all finger information is "
1023 "read-only. This is the default."
1027 #: original/man1/chfn.1:89 original/man1/chsh.1:66 original/man1/dmesg.1:264
1028 #: original/man1/eject.1:146 original/man1/flock.1:107
1029 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:424 original/man1/kill.1:135
1030 #: original/man1/logger.1:253 original/man1/lsipc.1:141
1031 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:172 original/man1/mesg.1:71
1032 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:71 original/man1/rename.1:88
1033 #: original/man1/runuser.1:221 original/man1/su.1:229
1039 #: original/man1/chfn.1:92 original/man1/chsh.1:69 original/man1/eject.1:149
1041 "Returns 0 if operation was successful, 1 if operation failed or command "
1042 "syntax was not valid."
1046 #: original/man1/chfn.1:92 original/man1/choom.1:75 original/man1/chrt.1:173
1047 #: original/man1/chsh.1:69 original/man1/dmesg.1:267 original/man1/eject.1:164
1048 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:125 original/man1/fincore.1:76
1049 #: original/man1/flock.1:145 original/man1/ionice.1:151
1050 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:73 original/man1/ipcs.1:122 original/man1/irqtop.1:97
1051 #: original/man1/kill.1:158 original/man1/last.1:211 original/man1/logger.1:326
1052 #: original/man1/login.1:195 original/man1/lscpu.1:146
1053 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:160 original/man1/lsirq.1:81
1054 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:194 original/man1/lsmem.1:114
1055 #: original/man1/more.1:240 original/man1/mountpoint.1:98
1056 #: original/man1/namei.1:104 original/man1/newgrp.1:44
1057 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:230 original/man1/prlimit.1:236
1058 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:100 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:127
1059 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:189 original/man1/setsid.1:64
1060 #: original/man1/taskset.1:119 original/man1/uclampset.1:136
1061 #: original/man1/unshare.1:341 original/man1/utmpdump.1:84
1062 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:94 original/man1/uuidparse.1:159
1068 #: original/man1/chfn.1:95 original/man1/choom.1:78 original/man1/chrt.1:177
1069 #: original/man1/chsh.1:72 original/man1/col.1:151 original/man1/colcrt.1:83
1070 #: original/man1/colrm.1:56 original/man1/column.1:252
1071 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:273 original/man1/eject.1:172
1072 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:129 original/man1/fincore.1:79
1073 #: original/man1/flock.1:151 original/man1/getopt.1:176
1074 #: original/man1/ionice.1:155 original/man1/ipcmk.1:76 original/man1/ipcrm.1:99
1075 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:125 original/man1/kill.1:164 original/man1/last.1:214
1076 #: original/man1/line.1:38 original/man1/logger.1:333 original/man1/login.1:203
1077 #: original/man1/look.1:105 original/man1/lscpu.1:151 original/man1/lsipc.1:164
1078 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:198 original/man1/lsmem.1:117
1079 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:83 original/man1/mesg.1:95 original/man1/more.1:247
1080 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:101 original/man1/namei.1:111
1081 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:48 original/man1/nsenter.1:234 original/man1/pg.1:222
1082 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:240 original/man1/rename.1:148
1083 #: original/man1/renice.1:88 original/man1/rev.1:51 original/man1/runuser.1:265
1084 #: original/man1/script.1:182 original/man1/scriptlive.1:110
1085 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:144 original/man1/setpriv.1:192
1086 #: original/man1/setsid.1:67 original/man1/setterm.1:261 original/man1/su.1:283
1087 #: original/man1/taskset.1:125 original/man1/uclampset.1:139
1088 #: original/man1/ul.1:73 original/man1/unshare.1:345
1089 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:87 original/man1/uuidgen.1:97
1090 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:162 original/man1/wall.1:74
1091 #: original/man1/write.1:71
1097 #: original/man1/chfn.1:101
1098 msgid "B<chsh>(1), B<finger>(1), B<login.defs>(5), B<passwd>(5)"
1102 #: original/man1/chfn.1:108
1104 "The B<chfn> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
1109 #: original/man1/choom.1:10
1115 #: original/man1/choom.1:32
1116 msgid "choom - display and adjust OOM-killer score."
1120 #: original/man1/choom.1:34
1121 msgid "B<choom> B<-p> I<PID>"
1125 #: original/man1/choom.1:36
1126 msgid "B<choom> B<-p> I<PID> B<-n> I<number>"
1130 #: original/man1/choom.1:38
1131 msgid "B<choom> B<-n> I<number> [--] I<command> [I<argument> ...]"
1135 #: original/man1/choom.1:41
1137 "The B<choom> command displays and adjusts Out-Of-Memory killer score "
1142 #: original/man1/choom.1:44
1143 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pid> I<pid>"
1147 #: original/man1/choom.1:46
1148 msgid "Specifies process ID."
1152 #: original/man1/choom.1:49
1153 msgid "B<-n>, B<--adjust> I<value>"
1157 #: original/man1/choom.1:51
1158 msgid "Specify the adjust score value."
1162 #: original/man1/choom.1:65
1164 "Linux kernel uses the badness heuristic to select which process gets killed "
1165 "in out of memory conditions."
1169 #: original/man1/choom.1:67
1171 "The badness heuristic assigns a value to each candidate task ranging from 0 "
1172 "(never kill) to 1000 (always kill) to determine which process is "
1173 "targeted. The units are roughly a proportion along that range of allowed "
1174 "memory the process may allocate from based on an estimation of its current "
1175 "memory and swap use. For example, if a task is using all allowed memory, its "
1176 "badness score will be 1000. If it is using half of its allowed memory, its "
1177 "score will be 500."
1181 #: original/man1/choom.1:69
1183 "There is an additional factor included in the badness score: the current "
1184 "memory and swap usage is discounted by 3% for root processes."
1188 #: original/man1/choom.1:71
1190 "The amount of \"allowed\" memory depends on the context in which the oom "
1191 "killer was called. If it is due to the memory assigned to the allocating "
1192 "task\\(cqs cpuset being exhausted, the allowed memory represents the set of "
1193 "mems assigned to that cpuset. If it is due to a mempolicy\\(cqs node(s) "
1194 "being exhausted, the allowed memory represents the set of mempolicy "
1195 "nodes. If it is due to a memory limit (or swap limit) being reached, the "
1196 "allowed memory is that configured limit. Finally, if it is due to the entire "
1197 "system being out of memory, the allowed memory represents all allocatable "
1202 #: original/man1/choom.1:73
1204 "The adjust score value is added to the badness score before it is used to "
1205 "determine which task to kill. Acceptable values range from -1000 to "
1206 "+1000. This allows userspace to polarize the preference for oom killing "
1207 "either by always preferring a certain task or completely disabling it. The "
1208 "lowest possible value, -1000, is equivalent to disabling oom killing "
1209 "entirely for that task since it will always report a badness score of 0."
1213 #: original/man1/choom.1:75
1215 "Setting an adjust score value of +500, for example, is roughly equivalent to "
1216 "allowing the remainder of tasks sharing the same system, cpuset, mempolicy, "
1217 "or memory controller resources to use at least 50% more memory. A value of "
1218 "-500, on the other hand, would be roughly equivalent to discounting 50% of "
1219 "the task\\(cqs allowed memory from being considered as scoring against the "
1224 #: original/man1/choom.1:81
1229 #: original/man1/choom.1:88
1231 "The B<choom> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
1236 #: original/man1/chrt.1:10
1242 #: original/man1/chrt.1:32
1243 msgid "chrt - manipulate the real-time attributes of a process"
1247 #: original/man1/chrt.1:35
1248 msgid "B<chrt> [options] I<priority command argument> ..."
1252 #: original/man1/chrt.1:37
1253 msgid "B<chrt> [options] B<-p> [I<priority>] I<PID>"
1257 #: original/man1/chrt.1:40
1259 "B<chrt> sets or retrieves the real-time scheduling attributes of an existing "
1260 "I<PID>, or runs I<command> with the given attributes."
1264 #: original/man1/chrt.1:40
1270 #: original/man1/chrt.1:43
1271 msgid "B<-o>, B<--other>"
1275 #: original/man1/chrt.1:45
1277 "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_OTHER> (time-sharing scheduling). This is "
1278 "the default Linux scheduling policy."
1282 #: original/man1/chrt.1:48
1283 msgid "B<-f>, B<--fifo>"
1287 #: original/man1/chrt.1:50
1288 msgid "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_FIFO> (first in-first out)."
1292 #: original/man1/chrt.1:53
1293 msgid "B<-r>, B<--rr>"
1297 #: original/man1/chrt.1:55
1299 "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_RR> (round-robin scheduling). When no "
1300 "policy is defined, the B<SCHED_RR> is used as the default."
1304 #: original/man1/chrt.1:58
1305 msgid "B<-b>, B<--batch>"
1309 #: original/man1/chrt.1:60
1311 "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_BATCH> (scheduling batch "
1312 "processes). Linux-specific, supported since 2.6.16. The priority argument "
1313 "has to be set to zero."
1317 #: original/man1/chrt.1:63
1318 msgid "B<-i>, B<--idle>"
1322 #: original/man1/chrt.1:65
1324 "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_IDLE> (scheduling very low priority "
1325 "jobs). Linux-specific, supported since 2.6.23. The priority argument has to "
1330 #: original/man1/chrt.1:68
1331 msgid "B<-d>, B<--deadline>"
1335 #: original/man1/chrt.1:70
1337 "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_DEADLINE> (sporadic task model deadline "
1338 "scheduling). Linux-specific, supported since 3.14. The priority argument has "
1339 "to be set to zero. See also B<--sched-runtime>, B<--sched-deadline> and "
1340 "B<--sched-period>. The relation between the options required by the kernel "
1341 "is runtime \\(lA deadline \\(lA period. B<chrt> copies I<period> to "
1342 "I<deadline> if B<--sched-deadline> is not specified and I<deadline> to "
1343 "I<runtime> if B<--sched-runtime> is not specified. It means that at least "
1344 "B<--sched-period> has to be specified. See B<sched>(7) for more details."
1348 #: original/man1/chrt.1:71
1350 msgid "SCHEDULING OPTIONS"
1354 #: original/man1/chrt.1:74
1355 msgid "B<-T>, B<--sched-runtime> I<nanoseconds>"
1359 #: original/man1/chrt.1:76
1360 msgid "Specifies runtime parameter for B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy (Linux-specific)."
1364 #: original/man1/chrt.1:79
1365 msgid "B<-P>, B<--sched-period> I<nanoseconds>"
1369 #: original/man1/chrt.1:81
1370 msgid "Specifies period parameter for B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy (Linux-specific)."
1374 #: original/man1/chrt.1:84
1375 msgid "B<-D>, B<--sched-deadline> I<nanoseconds>"
1379 #: original/man1/chrt.1:86
1380 msgid "Specifies deadline parameter for B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy (Linux-specific)."
1384 #: original/man1/chrt.1:89 original/man1/uclampset.1:82
1385 msgid "B<-R>, B<--reset-on-fork>"
1389 #: original/man1/chrt.1:91
1391 "Use B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> or B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK> "
1392 "flag. Linux-specific, supported since 2.6.31."
1396 #: original/man1/chrt.1:94
1398 "Each thread has a I<reset-on-fork> scheduling flag. When this flag is set, "
1399 "children created by B<fork>(2) do not inherit privileged scheduling "
1400 "policies. After the I<reset-on-fork> flag has been enabled, it can be reset "
1401 "only if the thread has the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability. This flag is disabled "
1402 "in child processes created by B<fork>(2)."
1406 #: original/man1/chrt.1:96
1408 "More precisely, if the I<reset-on-fork> flag is set, the following rules "
1409 "apply for subsequently created children:"
1413 #: original/man1/chrt.1:106
1415 "If the calling thread has a scheduling policy of B<SCHED_FIFO> or "
1416 "B<SCHED_RR>, the policy is reset to B<SCHED_OTHER> in child processes."
1420 #: original/man1/chrt.1:117
1422 "If the calling process has a negative nice value, the nice value is reset to "
1423 "zero in child processes."
1427 #: original/man1/chrt.1:121 original/man1/taskset.1:77
1428 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:67
1429 msgid "B<-a>, B<--all-tasks>"
1433 #: original/man1/chrt.1:123
1435 "Set or retrieve the scheduling attributes of all the tasks (threads) for a "
1440 #: original/man1/chrt.1:126
1441 msgid "B<-m>, B<--max>"
1445 #: original/man1/chrt.1:128
1446 msgid "Show minimum and maximum valid priorities, then exit."
1450 #: original/man1/chrt.1:131 original/man1/ipcs.1:90 original/man1/kill.1:102
1451 #: original/man1/renice.1:51 original/man1/taskset.1:87
1452 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:72
1453 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pid>"
1457 #: original/man1/chrt.1:133 original/man1/taskset.1:89
1458 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:74
1459 msgid "Operate on an existing PID and do not launch a new task."
1463 #: original/man1/chrt.1:136 original/man1/eject.1:133
1464 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:96 original/man1/hardlink.1:46
1465 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:62 original/man1/mesg.1:58 original/man1/rename.1:46
1466 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:87
1467 msgid "B<-v>, B<--verbose>"
1471 #: original/man1/chrt.1:138 original/man1/uclampset.1:89
1472 msgid "Show status information."
1476 #: original/man1/chrt.1:149 original/man1/taskset.1:100
1477 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:100
1483 #: original/man1/chrt.1:152 original/man1/uclampset.1:103
1484 msgid "The default behavior is to run a new command:"
1488 #: original/man1/chrt.1:154
1489 msgid "B<chrt> I<priority> I<command> [I<arguments>]"
1493 #: original/man1/chrt.1:157
1494 msgid "You can also retrieve the real-time attributes of an existing task:"
1498 #: original/man1/chrt.1:159
1499 msgid "B<chrt -p> I<PID>"
1503 #: original/man1/chrt.1:162 original/man1/uclampset.1:113
1504 msgid "Or set them:"
1508 #: original/man1/chrt.1:164
1509 msgid "B<chrt -r -p> I<priority PID>"
1513 #: original/man1/chrt.1:165 original/man1/taskset.1:116
1514 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:121
1520 #: original/man1/chrt.1:168 original/man1/uclampset.1:124
1522 "A user must possess B<CAP_SYS_NICE> to change the scheduling attributes of a "
1523 "process. Any user can retrieve the scheduling information."
1527 #: original/man1/chrt.1:171
1529 "Only B<SCHED_FIFO>, B<SCHED_OTHER> and B<SCHED_RR> are part of POSIX 1003.1b "
1530 "Process Scheduling. The other scheduling attributes may be ignored on some "
1535 #: original/man1/chrt.1:173
1536 msgid "Linux\\(aq default scheduling policy is B<SCHED_OTHER>."
1540 #: original/man1/chrt.1:183 original/man1/uclampset.1:145
1541 msgid "B<nice>(1), B<renice>(1), B<taskset>(1), B<sched>(7)"
1545 #: original/man1/chrt.1:185
1547 "See B<sched_setscheduler>(2) for a description of the Linux scheduling "
1552 #: original/man1/chrt.1:192
1554 "The B<chrt> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
1559 #: original/man1/chsh.1:10
1565 #: original/man1/chsh.1:32
1566 msgid "chsh - change your login shell"
1570 #: original/man1/chsh.1:35
1571 msgid "B<chsh> [B<-s> I<shell>] [B<-l>] [B<-h>] [B<-v>] [I<username>]"
1575 #: original/man1/chsh.1:38
1577 "B<chsh> is used to change your login shell. If a shell is not given on the "
1578 "command line, B<chsh> prompts for one."
1582 #: original/man1/chsh.1:40
1584 "B<chsh> supports non-local entries (kerberos, LDAP, etc.) if linked with "
1585 "libuser, otherwise use B<ypchsh>(1), B<lchsh>(1) or any other implementation "
1586 "for non-local entries."
1590 #: original/man1/chsh.1:43 original/man1/getopt.1:84
1591 msgid "B<-s>, B<--shell> I<shell>"
1595 #: original/man1/chsh.1:45
1596 msgid "Specify your login shell."
1600 #: original/man1/chsh.1:48
1601 msgid "B<-l>, B<--list-shells>"
1605 #: original/man1/chsh.1:50
1606 msgid "Print the list of shells listed in I</etc/shells> and exit."
1610 #: original/man1/chsh.1:61
1612 msgid "VALID SHELLS"
1616 #: original/man1/chsh.1:64
1617 msgid "B<chsh> will accept the full pathname of any executable file on the system."
1621 #: original/man1/chsh.1:66
1623 "The default behavior for non-root users is to accept only shells listed in "
1624 "the I</etc/shells> file, and issue a warning for root user. It can also be "
1625 "configured at compile-time to only issue a warning for all users."
1629 #: original/man1/chsh.1:78
1630 msgid "B<login>(1), B<login.defs>(5), B<passwd>(5), B<shells>(5)"
1634 #: original/man1/chsh.1:85
1636 "The B<chsh> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
1641 #: original/man1/col.1:10
1647 #: original/man1/col.1:32
1648 msgid "col - filter reverse line feeds from input"
1652 #: original/man1/col.1:35
1653 msgid "B<col> I<options>"
1657 #: original/man1/col.1:38
1659 "B<col> filters out reverse (and half-reverse) line feeds so the output is in "
1660 "the correct order, with only forward and half-forward line feeds. It also "
1661 "replaces any whitespace characters with tabs where possible. This can be "
1662 "useful in processing the output of B<nroff>(1) and B<tbl>(1)."
1666 #: original/man1/col.1:40
1667 msgid "B<col> reads from standard input and writes to standard output."
1671 #: original/man1/col.1:43
1672 msgid "B<-b>, B<--no-backspaces>"
1676 #: original/man1/col.1:45
1678 "Do not output any backspaces, printing only the last character written to "
1679 "each column position."
1683 #: original/man1/col.1:48
1684 msgid "B<-f>, B<--fine>"
1688 #: original/man1/col.1:50
1690 "Permit half-forward line feeds. Normally characters destined for a half-line "
1691 "boundary are printed on the following line."
1695 #: original/man1/col.1:53
1696 msgid "B<-h>, B<--tabs>"
1700 #: original/man1/col.1:55
1701 msgid "Output tabs instead of multiple spaces."
1705 #: original/man1/col.1:58
1706 msgid "B<-l>, B<--lines> I<number>"
1710 #: original/man1/col.1:60
1712 "Buffer at least I<number> lines in memory. By default, 128 lines are "
1717 #: original/man1/col.1:63
1718 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pass>"
1722 #: original/man1/col.1:65
1724 "Force unknown control sequences to be passed through unchanged. Normally "
1725 "B<col> will filter out any control sequences other than those recognized and "
1726 "interpreted by itself, which are listed below."
1730 #: original/man1/col.1:68
1731 msgid "B<-x>, B<--spaces>"
1735 #: original/man1/col.1:70
1736 msgid "Output multiple spaces instead of tabs."
1740 #: original/man1/col.1:78
1741 msgid "B<-H>, B<--help>"
1745 #: original/man1/col.1:81 original/man1/hexdump.1:427 original/man1/ipcs.1:116
1746 #: original/man1/logger.1:320 original/man1/uuidgen.1:88
1748 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
1752 #: original/man1/col.1:84
1754 "The B<col> utility conforms to the Single UNIX Specification, Version 2. The "
1755 "B<-l> option is an extension to the standard."
1759 #: original/man1/col.1:87
1761 "The control sequences for carriage motion that B<col> understands and their "
1762 "decimal values are listed in the following table:"
1766 #: original/man1/col.1:89
1771 #: original/man1/col.1:91
1772 msgid "reverse line feed (escape then 7)"
1776 #: original/man1/col.1:94
1781 #: original/man1/col.1:96
1782 msgid "half reverse line feed (escape then 8)"
1786 #: original/man1/col.1:99
1791 #: original/man1/col.1:101
1792 msgid "half forward line feed (escape then 9)"
1796 #: original/man1/col.1:104
1797 msgid "B<backspace>"
1801 #: original/man1/col.1:106
1802 msgid "moves back one column (8); ignored in the first column"
1806 #: original/man1/col.1:109
1811 #: original/man1/col.1:111
1812 msgid "forward line feed (10); also does carriage return"
1816 #: original/man1/col.1:114
1817 msgid "B<carriage return>"
1821 #: original/man1/col.1:116
1826 #: original/man1/col.1:119
1831 #: original/man1/col.1:121
1832 msgid "shift to normal character set (15)"
1836 #: original/man1/col.1:124
1837 msgid "B<shift out>"
1841 #: original/man1/col.1:126
1842 msgid "shift to alternate character set (14)"
1846 #: original/man1/col.1:129
1851 #: original/man1/col.1:131
1852 msgid "moves forward one column (32)"
1856 #: original/man1/col.1:134
1861 #: original/man1/col.1:136
1862 msgid "moves forward to next tab stop (9)"
1866 #: original/man1/col.1:139
1867 msgid "B<vertical tab>"
1871 #: original/man1/col.1:141
1872 msgid "reverse line feed (11)"
1876 #: original/man1/col.1:144
1877 msgid "All unrecognized control characters and escape sequences are discarded."
1881 #: original/man1/col.1:146
1883 "B<col> keeps track of the character set as characters are read and makes "
1884 "sure the character set is correct when they are output."
1888 #: original/man1/col.1:148
1890 "If the input attempts to back up to the last flushed line, B<col> will "
1891 "display a warning message."
1895 #: original/man1/col.1:151
1896 msgid "A B<col> command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX."
1900 #: original/man1/col.1:156
1901 msgid "B<expand>(1), B<nroff>(1), B<tbl>(1)"
1905 #: original/man1/col.1:163
1907 "The B<col> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
1912 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:10
1918 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:32
1919 msgid "colcrt - filter nroff output for CRT previewing"
1923 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:35
1924 msgid "B<colcrt> [options] [I<file> ...]"
1928 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:38
1930 "B<colcrt> provides virtual half-line and reverse line feed sequences for "
1931 "terminals without such capability, and on which overstriking is "
1932 "destructive. Half-line characters and underlining (changed to dashing "
1933 "`-\\(aq) are placed on new lines in between the normal output lines."
1937 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:41
1938 msgid "B<->, B<--no-underlining>"
1942 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:43
1944 "Suppress all underlining. This option is especially useful for previewing "
1945 "I<allboxed> tables from B<tbl>(1)."
1949 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:46
1950 msgid "B<-2>, B<--half-lines>"
1954 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:48
1956 "Causes all half-lines to be printed, effectively double spacing the "
1957 "output. Normally, a minimal space output format is used which will suppress "
1958 "empty lines. The program never suppresses two consecutive empty lines, "
1959 "however. The B<-2> option is useful for sending output to the line printer "
1960 "when the output contains superscripts and subscripts which would otherwise "
1965 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:62
1966 msgid "The B<colcrt> command appeared in 3.0BSD."
1970 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:65
1972 "Should fold underlines onto blanks even with the B<\\(aq-\\(aq> option so "
1973 "that a true underline character would show."
1977 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:67
1978 msgid "Can\\(cqt back up more than 102 lines."
1982 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:69
1984 "General overstriking is lost; as a special case \\(aq|\\(aq overstruck with "
1985 "\\(aq-\\(aq or underline becomes \\(aq+\\(aq."
1989 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:71
1990 msgid "Lines are trimmed to 132 characters."
1994 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:73
1996 "Some provision should be made for processing superscripts and subscripts in "
1997 "documents which are already double-spaced."
2001 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:73 original/man1/column.1:216
2002 #: original/man1/flock.1:112 original/man1/getopt.1:154
2003 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:430 original/man1/ionice.1:111
2004 #: original/man1/logger.1:323 original/man1/look.1:95
2005 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:210 original/man1/rename.1:114
2006 #: original/man1/renice.1:83 original/man1/scriptlive.1:85
2007 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:112 original/man1/setpriv.1:180
2008 #: original/man1/unshare.1:224 original/man1/uuidgen.1:91
2009 #: original/man1/whereis.1:125
2015 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:76
2016 msgid "A typical use of B<colcrt> would be:"
2020 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:80
2021 msgid "B<tbl exum2.n | nroff -ms | colcrt - | more>"
2025 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:90
2026 msgid "B<col>(1), B<more>(1), B<nroff>(1), B<troff>(1), B<ul>(1)"
2030 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:97
2032 "The B<colcrt> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
2037 #: original/man1/colrm.1:10
2043 #: original/man1/colrm.1:32
2044 msgid "colrm - remove columns from a file"
2048 #: original/man1/colrm.1:35
2049 msgid "B<colrm> I<[first [last]]>"
2053 #: original/man1/colrm.1:38
2055 "B<colrm> removes selected columns from a file. Input is taken from standard "
2056 "input. Output is sent to standard output."
2060 #: original/man1/colrm.1:40
2062 "If called with one parameter the columns of each line will be removed "
2063 "starting with the specified I<first> column. If called with two parameters "
2064 "the columns from the I<first> column to the I<last> column will be removed."
2068 #: original/man1/colrm.1:42
2069 msgid "Column numbering starts with column 1."
2073 #: original/man1/colrm.1:56
2074 msgid "The B<colrm> command appeared in 3.0BSD."
2078 #: original/man1/colrm.1:62
2079 msgid "B<awk>(1p), B<column>(1), B<expand>(1), B<paste>(1)"
2083 #: original/man1/colrm.1:69
2085 "The B<colrm> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
2090 #: original/man1/column.1:10
2096 #: original/man1/column.1:32
2097 msgid "column - columnate lists"
2101 #: original/man1/column.1:35
2102 msgid "B<column> [options] [I<file> ...]"
2106 #: original/man1/column.1:38
2108 "The B<column> utility formats its input into multiple columns. The util "
2109 "support three modes:"
2113 #: original/man1/column.1:40
2114 msgid "B<columns are filled before rows>"
2118 #: original/man1/column.1:42
2119 msgid "This is the default mode (required by backward compatibility)."
2123 #: original/man1/column.1:45
2124 msgid "B<rows are filled before columns>"
2128 #: original/man1/column.1:47
2129 msgid "This mode is enabled by option B<-x, --fillrows>"
2133 #: original/man1/column.1:50
2138 #: original/man1/column.1:52
2140 "Determine the number of columns the input contains and create a table. This "
2141 "mode is enabled by option B<-t, --table> and columns formatting is possible "
2142 "to modify by B<--table->* options. Use this mode if not sure."
2146 #: original/man1/column.1:55
2148 "Input is taken from I<file>, or otherwise from standard input. Empty lines "
2149 "are ignored and all invalid multibyte sequences are encoded by "
2150 "xE<lt>hexE<gt> convention."
2154 #: original/man1/column.1:58
2156 "The argument I<columns> for B<--table->* options is a comma separated list "
2157 "of the column names as defined by B<--table-columns> or it\\(cqs column "
2158 "number in order as specified by input. It\\(cqs possible to mix names and "
2159 "numbers. The special placeholder \\(aq0\\(aq (e.g. -R0) may be used to "
2160 "specify all columns."
2164 #: original/man1/column.1:60
2165 msgid "B<-J, --json>"
2169 #: original/man1/column.1:62
2171 "Use JSON output format to print the table, the option B<--table-columns> is "
2172 "required and the option B<--table-name> is recommended."
2176 #: original/man1/column.1:65
2177 msgid "B<-c, --output-width> I<width>"
2181 #: original/man1/column.1:67
2183 "Output is formatted to a width specified as number of characters. The "
2184 "original name of this option is B<--columns>; this name is deprecated since "
2185 "v2.30. Note that input longer than I<width> is not truncated by default."
2189 #: original/man1/column.1:70
2190 msgid "B<-d, --table-noheadings>"
2194 #: original/man1/column.1:72
2196 "Do not print header. This option allows the use of logical column names on "
2197 "the command line, but keeps the header hidden when printing the table."
2201 #: original/man1/column.1:75
2202 msgid "B<-o, --output-separator> I<string>"
2206 #: original/man1/column.1:77
2207 msgid "Specify the columns delimiter for table output (default is two spaces)."
2211 #: original/man1/column.1:80
2212 msgid "B<-s, --separator> I<separators>"
2216 #: original/man1/column.1:82
2217 msgid "Specify the possible input item delimiters (default is whitespace)."
2221 #: original/man1/column.1:85
2222 msgid "B<-t, --table>"
2226 #: original/man1/column.1:87
2228 "Determine the number of columns the input contains and create a "
2229 "table. Columns are delimited with whitespace, by default, or with the "
2230 "characters supplied using the B<--output-separator> option. Table output is "
2231 "useful for pretty-printing."
2235 #: original/man1/column.1:90
2236 msgid "B<-N, --table-columns> I<names>"
2240 #: original/man1/column.1:92
2242 "Specify the columns names by comma separated list of names. The names are "
2243 "used for the table header or to address column in option arguments."
2247 #: original/man1/column.1:95
2248 msgid "B<-l, --table-columns-limit> I<number>"
2252 #: original/man1/column.1:97
2254 "Specify maximal number of the input columns. The last column will contain "
2255 "all remaining line data if the limit is smaller than the number of the "
2256 "columns in the input data."
2260 #: original/man1/column.1:100
2261 msgid "B<-R, --table-right> I<columns>"
2265 #: original/man1/column.1:102
2266 msgid "Right align text in the specified columns."
2270 #: original/man1/column.1:105
2271 msgid "B<-T, --table-truncate> I<columns>"
2275 #: original/man1/column.1:107
2277 "Specify columns where text can be truncated when necessary, otherwise very "
2278 "long table entries may be printed on multiple lines."
2282 #: original/man1/column.1:110
2283 msgid "B<-E, --table-noextreme> I<columns>"
2287 #: original/man1/column.1:112
2289 "Specify columns where is possible to ignore unusually long (longer than "
2290 "average) cells when calculate column width. The option has impact to the "
2291 "width calculation and table formatting, but the printed text is not "
2296 #: original/man1/column.1:114
2297 msgid "The option is used for the last visible column by default."
2301 #: original/man1/column.1:117
2302 msgid "B<-e, --table-header-repeat>"
2306 #: original/man1/column.1:119
2307 msgid "Print header line for each page."
2311 #: original/man1/column.1:122
2312 msgid "B<-W, --table-wrap> I<columns>"
2316 #: original/man1/column.1:124
2318 "Specify columns where is possible to use multi-line cell for long text when "
2323 #: original/man1/column.1:127
2324 msgid "B<-H, --table-hide> I<columns>"
2328 #: original/man1/column.1:129
2330 "Don\\(cqt print specified columns. The special placeholder \\(aq-\\(aq may "
2331 "be used to hide all unnamed columns (see B<--table-columns>)."
2335 #: original/man1/column.1:132
2336 msgid "B<-O, --table-order> I<columns>"
2340 #: original/man1/column.1:134
2341 msgid "Specify columns order on output."
2345 #: original/man1/column.1:137
2346 msgid "B<-n, --table-name> I<name>"
2350 #: original/man1/column.1:139
2351 msgid "Specify the table name used for JSON output. The default is \"table\"."
2355 #: original/man1/column.1:142
2356 msgid "B<-L, --keep-empty-lines>"
2360 #: original/man1/column.1:144
2362 "Preserve whitespace-only lines in the input. The default is ignore empty "
2363 "lines at all. This option\\(cqs original name was B<--table-empty-lines> but "
2364 "is now deprecated because it gives the false impression that the option only "
2365 "applies to table mode."
2369 #: original/man1/column.1:147
2370 msgid "B<-r, --tree> I<column>"
2374 #: original/man1/column.1:149
2376 "Specify column to use tree-like output. Note that the circular dependencies "
2377 "and other anomalies in child and parent relation are silently ignored."
2381 #: original/man1/column.1:152
2382 msgid "B<-i, --tree-id> I<column>"
2386 #: original/man1/column.1:154
2387 msgid "Specify column with line ID to create child-parent relation."
2391 #: original/man1/column.1:157
2392 msgid "B<-p, --tree-parent> I<column>"
2396 #: original/man1/column.1:159
2397 msgid "Specify column with parent ID to create child-parent relation."
2401 #: original/man1/column.1:162
2402 msgid "B<-x, --fillrows>"
2406 #: original/man1/column.1:164
2407 msgid "Fill rows before filling columns."
2411 #: original/man1/column.1:172 original/man1/prlimit.1:93
2412 msgid "B<-h, --help>"
2416 #: original/man1/column.1:175 original/man1/getopt.1:157
2417 #: original/man1/look.1:75 original/man1/more.1:209
2418 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:89 original/man1/pg.1:189
2419 #: original/man1/script.1:146 original/man1/ul.1:59 original/man1/whereis.1:119
2425 #: original/man1/column.1:178
2427 "The environment variable B<COLUMNS> is used to determine the size of the "
2428 "screen if no other information is available."
2432 #: original/man1/column.1:181
2433 msgid "The column command appeared in 4.3BSD-Reno."
2437 #: original/man1/column.1:184
2438 msgid "Version 2.23 changed the B<-s> option to be non-greedy, for example:"
2442 #: original/man1/column.1:189
2444 msgid "printf \"a:b:c\\(rsn1::3\\(rsn\" | column -t -s \\(aq:\\(aq\n"
2448 #: original/man1/column.1:194
2453 #: original/man1/column.1:200
2461 #: original/man1/column.1:205
2462 msgid "New output (since util-linux 2.23):"
2466 #: original/man1/column.1:211
2474 #: original/man1/column.1:216
2476 "Historical versions of this tool indicated that \"rows are filled before "
2477 "columns\" by default, and that the B<-x> option reverses this. This wording "
2478 "did not reflect the actual behavior, and it has since been corrected (see "
2479 "above). Other implementations of B<column> may continue to use the older "
2480 "documentation, but the behavior should be identical in any case."
2484 #: original/man1/column.1:219
2485 msgid "Print fstab with header line and align number to the right:"
2489 #: original/man1/column.1:224
2492 "sed \\(aqs/#.*//\\(aq /etc/fstab | column --table --table-columns "
2493 "SOURCE,TARGET,TYPE,OPTIONS,PASS,FREQ --table-right PASS,FREQ\n"
2497 #: original/man1/column.1:229
2498 msgid "Print fstab and hide unnamed columns:"
2502 #: original/man1/column.1:234
2505 "sed \\(aqs/#.*//\\(aq /etc/fstab | column --table --table-columns "
2506 "SOURCE,TARGET,TYPE --table-hide -\n"
2510 #: original/man1/column.1:239
2511 msgid "Print a tree:"
2515 #: original/man1/column.1:249
2518 "echo -e \\(aq1 0 A\\(rsn2 1 AA\\(rsn3 1 AB\\(rsn4 2 AAA\\(rsn5 2 AAB\\(aq | "
2519 "column --tree-id 1 --tree-parent 2 --tree 3\n"
2528 #: original/man1/column.1:258
2529 msgid "B<colrm>(1), B<ls>(1), B<paste>(1), B<sort>(1)"
2533 #: original/man1/column.1:265
2535 "The B<column> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
2540 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:10
2546 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:10 original/man1/prlimit.1:10
2547 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:10 original/man1/unshare.1:10
2553 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:32
2554 msgid "dmesg - print or control the kernel ring buffer"
2558 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:35
2559 msgid "B<dmesg> [options]"
2563 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:37
2564 msgid "B<dmesg> B<--clear>"
2568 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:39
2569 msgid "B<dmesg> B<--read-clear> [options]"
2573 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:41
2574 msgid "B<dmesg> B<--console-level> I<level>"
2578 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:43
2579 msgid "B<dmesg> B<--console-on>"
2583 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:45
2584 msgid "B<dmesg> B<--console-off>"
2588 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:48
2589 msgid "B<dmesg> is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer."
2593 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:50
2594 msgid "The default action is to display all messages from the kernel ring buffer."
2598 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:53
2600 "The B<--clear>, B<--read-clear>, B<--console-on>, B<--console-off>, and "
2601 "B<--console-level> options are mutually exclusive."
2605 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:55
2606 msgid "B<-C>, B<--clear>"
2610 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:57
2611 msgid "Clear the ring buffer."
2615 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:60
2616 msgid "B<-c>, B<--read-clear>"
2620 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:62
2621 msgid "Clear the ring buffer after first printing its contents."
2625 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:65
2626 msgid "B<-D>, B<--console-off>"
2630 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:67
2631 msgid "Disable the printing of messages to the console."
2635 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:70
2636 msgid "B<-d>, B<--show-delta>"
2640 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:72
2642 "Display the timestamp and the time delta spent between messages. If used "
2643 "together with B<--notime> then only the time delta without the timestamp is "
2648 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:75
2649 msgid "B<-E>, B<--console-on>"
2653 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:77
2654 msgid "Enable printing messages to the console."
2658 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:80
2659 msgid "B<-e>, B<--reltime>"
2663 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:82
2665 "Display the local time and the delta in human-readable format. Be aware that "
2666 "conversion to the local time could be inaccurate (see B<-T> for more "
2671 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:85
2672 msgid "B<-F>, B<--file> I<file>"
2676 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:87
2678 "Read the syslog messages from the given I<file>. Note that B<-F> does not "
2679 "support messages in kmsg format. The old syslog format is supported only."
2683 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:90
2684 msgid "B<-f>, B<--facility> I<list>"
2688 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:92
2690 "Restrict output to the given (comma-separated) I<list> of facilities. For "
2695 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:94
2696 msgid "B<dmesg --facility=daemon>"
2700 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:96
2702 "will print messages from system daemons only. For all supported facilities "
2703 "see the B<--help> output."
2707 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:99
2708 msgid "B<-H>, B<--human>"
2712 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:101
2714 "Enable human-readable output. See also B<--color>, B<--reltime> and "
2719 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:104
2720 msgid "B<-k>, B<--kernel>"
2724 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:106
2725 msgid "Print kernel messages."
2729 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:109 original/man1/hexdump.1:74
2730 msgid "B<-L>, B<--color>[=I<when>]"
2734 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:111
2736 "Colorize the output. The optional argument I<when> can be B<auto>, B<never> "
2737 "or B<always>. If the I<when> argument is omitted, it defaults to "
2738 "B<auto>. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in default see "
2739 "the B<--help> output. See also the B<COLORS> section below."
2743 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:114
2744 msgid "B<-l>, B<--level> I<list>"
2748 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:116
2750 "Restrict output to the given (comma-separated) I<list> of levels. For "
2755 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:118
2756 msgid "B<dmesg --level=err,warn>"
2760 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:120
2762 "will print error and warning messages only. For all supported levels see the "
2767 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:123
2768 msgid "B<-n>, B<--console-level> I<level>"
2772 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:125
2774 "Set the I<level> at which printing of messages is done to the console. The "
2775 "I<level> is a level number or abbreviation of the level name. For all "
2776 "supported levels see the B<--help> output."
2780 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:127
2782 "For example, B<-n 1> or B<-n emerg> prevents all messages, except emergency "
2783 "(panic) messages, from appearing on the console. All levels of messages are "
2784 "still written to I</proc/kmsg>, so B<syslogd>(8) can still be used to "
2785 "control exactly where kernel messages appear. When the B<-n> option is used, "
2786 "B<dmesg> will I<not> print or clear the kernel ring buffer."
2790 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:130
2791 msgid "B<--noescape>"
2795 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:132
2797 "The unprintable and potentially unsafe characters (e.g., broken multi-byte "
2798 "sequences, terminal controlling chars, etc.) are escaped in format "
2799 "\\(rsxE<lt>hexE<gt> for security reason by default. This option disables "
2800 "this feature at all. It\\(cqs usable for example for debugging purpose "
2801 "together with B<--raw>. Be careful and don\\(cqt use it by default."
2805 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:135
2806 msgid "B<-P>, B<--nopager>"
2810 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:137
2812 "Do not pipe output into a pager. A pager is enabled by default for "
2813 "B<--human> output."
2817 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:140
2818 msgid "B<-p>, B<--force-prefix>"
2822 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:142
2824 "Add facility, level or timestamp information to each line of a multi-line "
2829 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:145 original/man1/fincore.1:58
2830 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:123 original/man1/lslogins.1:129
2831 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:91 original/man1/uuidparse.1:146
2832 msgid "B<-r>, B<--raw>"
2836 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:147
2838 "Print the raw message buffer, i.e., do not strip the log-level prefixes, but "
2839 "all unprintable characters are still escaped (see also B<--noescape>)."
2843 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:149
2845 "Note that the real raw format depends on the method how B<dmesg> reads "
2846 "kernel messages. The I</dev/kmsg> device uses a different format than "
2847 "B<syslog>(2). For backward compatibility, B<dmesg> returns data always in "
2848 "the B<syslog>(2) format. It is possible to read the real raw data from "
2849 "I</dev/kmsg> by, for example, the command \\(aqdd if=/dev/kmsg "
2850 "iflag=nonblock\\(aq."
2854 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:152
2855 msgid "B<-S>, B<--syslog>"
2859 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:154
2861 "Force B<dmesg> to use the B<syslog>(2) kernel interface to read kernel "
2862 "messages. The default is to use I</dev/kmsg> rather than B<syslog>(2) since "
2867 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:157
2868 msgid "B<-s>, B<--buffer-size> I<size>"
2872 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:159
2874 "Use a buffer of I<size> to query the kernel ring buffer. This is 16392 by "
2875 "default. (The default kernel syslog buffer size was 4096 at first, 8192 "
2876 "since 1.3.54, 16384 since 2.1.113.) If you have set the kernel buffer to be "
2877 "larger than the default, then this option can be used to view the entire "
2882 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:162
2883 msgid "B<-T>, B<--ctime>"
2887 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:164
2888 msgid "Print human-readable timestamps."
2892 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:166
2894 "B<Be aware that the timestamp could be inaccurate!> The B<time> source used "
2895 "for the logs is B<not updated after> system B<SUSPEND>/B<RESUME>. Timestamps "
2896 "are adjusted according to current delta between boottime and monotonic "
2897 "clocks, this works only for messages printed after last resume."
2901 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:169
2902 msgid "B<--since> I<time>"
2906 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:171
2908 "Display record since the specified time. The time is possible to specify in "
2909 "absolute way as well as by relative notation (e.g. \\(aq1 hour ago\\(aq). Be "
2910 "aware that the timestamp could be inaccurate and see B<--ctime> for more "
2915 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:174
2916 msgid "B<--until> I<time>"
2920 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:176
2922 "Display record until the specified time. The time is possible to specify in "
2923 "absolute way as well as by relative notation (e.g. \\(aq1 hour ago\\(aq). Be "
2924 "aware that the timestamp could be inaccurate and see B<--ctime> for more "
2929 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:179
2930 msgid "B<-t>, B<--notime>"
2934 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:181
2935 msgid "Do not print kernel\\(cqs timestamps."
2939 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:184 original/man1/last.1:99
2940 msgid "B<--time-format> I<format>"
2944 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:186
2946 "Print timestamps using the given I<format>, which can be B<ctime>, "
2947 "B<reltime>, B<delta> or B<iso>. The first three formats are aliases of the "
2948 "time-format-specific options. The B<iso> format is a B<dmesg> implementation "
2949 "of the ISO-8601 timestamp format. The purpose of this format is to make the "
2950 "comparing of timestamps between two systems, and any other parsing, "
2951 "easy. The definition of the B<iso> timestamp is: "
2952 "YYYY-MM-DDE<lt>TE<gt>HH:MM:SS,E<lt>microsecondsE<gt>\\(E<lt>-+E<gt>E<lt>timezone "
2953 "offset from UTCE<gt>."
2957 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:188
2959 "The B<iso> format has the same issue as B<ctime>: the time may be inaccurate "
2960 "when a system is suspended and resumed."
2964 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:191
2965 msgid "B<-u>, B<--userspace>"
2969 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:193
2970 msgid "Print userspace messages."
2974 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:196
2975 msgid "B<-w>, B<--follow>"
2979 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:198
2981 "Wait for new messages. This feature is supported only on systems with a "
2982 "readable I</dev/kmsg> (since kernel 3.5.0)."
2986 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:201
2987 msgid "B<-W>, B<--follow-new>"
2991 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:203
2992 msgid "Wait and print only new messages."
2996 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:206
2997 msgid "B<-x>, B<--decode>"
3001 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:208
3002 msgid "Decode facility and level (priority) numbers to human-readable prefixes."
3006 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:222
3008 "Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file "
3009 "I</etc/terminal-colors.d/dmesg.disable>. See B<terminal-colors.d>(5) for "
3010 "more details about colorization configuration."
3014 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:224
3015 msgid "The logical color names supported by B<dmesg> are:"
3019 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:226
3024 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:228
3025 msgid "The message sub-system prefix (e.g., \"ACPI:\")."
3029 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:231
3034 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:233
3035 msgid "The message timestamp."
3039 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:236
3040 msgid "B<timebreak>"
3044 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:238
3046 "The message timestamp in short ctime format in B<--reltime> or B<--human> "
3051 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:241 original/man1/logger.1:299
3056 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:243
3057 msgid "The text of the message with the alert log priority."
3061 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:246 original/man1/logger.1:301
3066 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:248
3067 msgid "The text of the message with the critical log priority."
3071 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:251 original/man1/logger.1:303
3076 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:253
3077 msgid "The text of the message with the error log priority."
3081 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:256
3086 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:258
3087 msgid "The text of the message with the warning log priority."
3091 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:261
3096 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:263
3097 msgid "The text of the message that inform about segmentation fault."
3101 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:267
3103 "B<dmesg> can fail reporting permission denied error. This is usually caused "
3104 "by B<dmesg_restrict> kernel setting, please see B<syslog>(2) for more "
3109 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:272
3110 msgid "B<dmesg> was originally written by"
3114 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:277
3115 msgid "B<terminal-colors.d>(5), B<syslogd>(8)"
3119 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:284
3121 "The B<dmesg> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
3126 #: original/man1/eject.1:10
3132 #: original/man1/eject.1:32
3133 msgid "eject - eject removable media"
3137 #: original/man1/eject.1:34
3138 msgid "B<eject> [options] I<device>|I<mountpoint>"
3142 #: original/man1/eject.1:37
3144 "B<eject> allows removable media (typically a CD-ROM, floppy disk, tape, JAZ, "
3145 "ZIP or USB disk) to be ejected under software control. The command can also "
3146 "control some multi-disc CD-ROM changers, the auto-eject feature supported by "
3147 "some devices, and close the disc tray of some CD-ROM drives."
3151 #: original/man1/eject.1:39
3153 "The device corresponding to I<device> or I<mountpoint> is ejected. If no "
3154 "name is specified, the default name B</dev/cdrom> is used. The device may be "
3155 "addressed by device name (e.g., \\(aqsda\\(aq), device path (e.g., "
3156 "\\(aq/dev/sda\\(aq), UUID=I<uuid> or LABEL=I<label> tags."
3160 #: original/man1/eject.1:41
3162 "There are four different methods of ejecting, depending on whether the "
3163 "device is a CD-ROM, SCSI device, removable floppy, or tape. By default "
3164 "B<eject> tries all four methods in order until it succeeds."
3168 #: original/man1/eject.1:43
3169 msgid "If a device partition is specified, the whole-disk device is used."
3173 #: original/man1/eject.1:45
3175 "If the device or a device partition is currently mounted, it is unmounted "
3176 "before ejecting. The eject is processed on exclusive open block device file "
3177 "descriptor if B<--no-unmount> or B<--force> are not specified."
3181 #: original/man1/eject.1:48
3182 msgid "B<-a>, B<--auto on>|B<off>"
3186 #: original/man1/eject.1:50
3188 "This option controls the auto-eject mode, supported by some devices. When "
3189 "enabled, the drive automatically ejects when the device is closed."
3193 #: original/man1/eject.1:53
3194 msgid "B<-c>, B<--changerslot> I<slot>"
3198 #: original/man1/eject.1:55
3200 "With this option a CD slot can be selected from an ATAPI/IDE CD-ROM "
3201 "changer. The CD-ROM drive cannot be in use (mounted data CD or playing a "
3202 "music CD) for a change request to work. Please also note that the first slot "
3203 "of the changer is referred to as 0, not 1."
3207 #: original/man1/eject.1:58
3208 msgid "B<-d>, B<--default>"
3212 #: original/man1/eject.1:60
3213 msgid "List the default device name."
3217 #: original/man1/eject.1:63
3218 msgid "B<-F>, B<--force>"
3222 #: original/man1/eject.1:65
3224 "Force eject, don\\(cqt check device type, don\\(cqt open device with "
3225 "exclusive lock. The successful result may be false positive on non "
3226 "hot-pluggable devices."
3230 #: original/man1/eject.1:68
3231 msgid "B<-f>, B<--floppy>"
3235 #: original/man1/eject.1:70
3237 "This option specifies that the drive should be ejected using a removable "
3238 "floppy disk eject command."
3242 #: original/man1/eject.1:78
3243 msgid "B<-i>, B<--manualeject on>|B<off>"
3247 #: original/man1/eject.1:80
3249 "This option controls locking of the hardware eject button. When enabled, the "
3250 "drive will not be ejected when the button is pressed. This is useful when "
3251 "you are carrying a laptop in a bag or case and don\\(cqt want it to eject if "
3252 "the button is inadvertently pressed."
3256 #: original/man1/eject.1:83
3257 msgid "B<-M>, B<--no-partitions-unmount>"
3261 #: original/man1/eject.1:85
3263 "The option tells eject to not try to unmount other partitions on partitioned "
3264 "devices. If another partition is still mounted, the program will not attempt "
3265 "to eject the media. It will attempt to unmount only the device or mountpoint "
3266 "given on the command line."
3270 #: original/man1/eject.1:88
3271 msgid "B<-m>, B<--no-unmount>"
3275 #: original/man1/eject.1:90
3277 "The option tells eject to not try to unmount at all. If this option is not "
3278 "specified than B<eject> opens the device with B<O_EXCL> flag to be sure that "
3279 "the device is not used (since v2.35)."
3283 #: original/man1/eject.1:93
3284 msgid "B<-n>, B<--noop>"
3288 #: original/man1/eject.1:95
3290 "With this option the selected device is displayed but no action is "
3295 #: original/man1/eject.1:98
3296 msgid "B<-p>, B<--proc>"
3300 #: original/man1/eject.1:100
3302 "This option allows you to use I</proc/mounts> instead I</etc/mtab>. It also "
3303 "passes the B<-n> option to B<umount>(8)."
3307 #: original/man1/eject.1:103
3308 msgid "B<-q>, B<--tape>"
3312 #: original/man1/eject.1:105
3314 "This option specifies that the drive should be ejected using a tape drive "
3319 #: original/man1/eject.1:108
3320 msgid "B<-r>, B<--cdrom>"
3324 #: original/man1/eject.1:110
3326 "This option specifies that the drive should be ejected using a CDROM eject "
3331 #: original/man1/eject.1:113
3332 msgid "B<-s>, B<--scsi>"
3336 #: original/man1/eject.1:115
3337 msgid "This option specifies that the drive should be ejected using SCSI commands."
3341 #: original/man1/eject.1:118
3342 msgid "B<-T>, B<--traytoggle>"
3346 #: original/man1/eject.1:120
3348 "With this option the drive is given a CD-ROM tray close command if it\\(cqs "
3349 "opened, and a CD-ROM tray eject command if it\\(cqs closed. Not all devices "
3350 "support this command, because it uses the above CD-ROM tray close command."
3354 #: original/man1/eject.1:123
3355 msgid "B<-t>, B<--trayclose>"
3359 #: original/man1/eject.1:125
3361 "With this option the drive is given a CD-ROM tray close command. Not all "
3362 "devices support this command."
3366 #: original/man1/eject.1:135
3368 "Run in verbose mode; more information is displayed about what the command is "
3373 #: original/man1/eject.1:138
3374 msgid "B<-X>, B<--listspeed>"
3378 #: original/man1/eject.1:140
3380 "With this option the CD-ROM drive will be probed to detect the available "
3381 "speeds. The output is a list of speeds which can be used as an argument of "
3382 "the B<-x> option. This only works with Linux 2.6.13 or higher, on previous "
3383 "versions solely the maximum speed will be reported. Also note that some "
3384 "drives may not correctly report the speed and therefore this option does not "
3389 #: original/man1/eject.1:143
3390 msgid "B<-x>, B<--cdspeed> I<speed>"
3394 #: original/man1/eject.1:145
3396 "With this option the drive is given a CD-ROM select speed command. The "
3397 "I<speed> argument is a number indicating the desired speed (e.g., 8 for 8X "
3398 "speed), or 0 for maximum data rate. Not all devices support this command and "
3399 "you can only specify speeds that the drive is capable of. Every time the "
3400 "media is changed this option is cleared. This option can be used alone, or "
3401 "with the B<-t> and B<-c> options."
3405 #: original/man1/eject.1:152
3407 "B<eject> only works with devices that support one or more of the four "
3408 "methods of ejecting. This includes most CD-ROM drives (IDE, SCSI, and "
3409 "proprietary), some SCSI tape drives, JAZ drives, ZIP drives (parallel port, "
3410 "SCSI, and IDE versions), and LS120 removable floppies. Users have also "
3411 "reported success with floppy drives on Sun SPARC and Apple Macintosh "
3412 "systems. If B<eject> does not work, it is most likely a limitation of the "
3413 "kernel driver for the device and not the B<eject> program itself."
3417 #: original/man1/eject.1:154
3419 "The B<-r>, B<-s>, B<-f>, and B<-q> options allow controlling which methods "
3420 "are used to eject. More than one method can be specified. If none of these "
3421 "options are specified, it tries all four (this works fine in most cases)."
3425 #: original/man1/eject.1:156
3427 "B<eject> may not always be able to determine if the device is mounted (e.g., "
3428 "if it has several names). If the device name is a symbolic link, B<eject> "
3429 "will follow the link and use the device that it points to."
3433 #: original/man1/eject.1:158
3435 "If B<eject> determines that the device can have multiple partitions, it will "
3436 "attempt to unmount all mounted partitions of the device before ejecting (see "
3437 "also B<--no-partitions-unmount>). If an unmount fails, the program will not "
3438 "attempt to eject the media."
3442 #: original/man1/eject.1:160
3444 "You can eject an audio CD. Some CD-ROM drives will refuse to open the tray "
3445 "if the drive is empty. Some devices do not support the tray close command."
3449 #: original/man1/eject.1:162
3451 "If the auto-eject feature is enabled, then the drive will always be ejected "
3452 "after running this command. Not all Linux kernel CD-ROM drivers support the "
3453 "auto-eject mode. There is no way to find out the state of the auto-eject "
3458 #: original/man1/eject.1:164
3460 "You need appropriate privileges to access the device files. Running as root "
3461 "is required to eject some devices (e.g., SCSI devices)."
3465 #: original/man1/eject.1:168
3466 msgid "- original author,"
3470 #: original/man1/eject.1:170 original/man1/logger.1:332
3471 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:134
3476 #: original/man1/eject.1:172
3477 msgid "- util-linux version."
3481 #: original/man1/eject.1:178
3482 msgid "B<findmnt>(8), B<lsblk>(8), B<mount>(8), B<umount>(8)"
3486 #: original/man1/eject.1:185
3488 "The B<eject> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
3493 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:10
3499 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:32
3500 msgid "fallocate - preallocate or deallocate space to a file"
3504 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:35
3506 "B<fallocate> [B<-c>|B<-p>|B<-z>] [B<-o> I<offset>] B<-l> I<length> [B<-n>] "
3511 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:37
3512 msgid "B<fallocate> B<-d> [B<-o> I<offset>] [B<-l> I<length>] I<filename>"
3516 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:39
3517 msgid "B<fallocate> B<-x> [B<-o> I<offset>] B<-l> I<length filename>"
3521 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:42
3523 "B<fallocate> is used to manipulate the allocated disk space for a file, "
3524 "either to deallocate or preallocate it. For filesystems which support the "
3525 "fallocate system call, preallocation is done quickly by allocating blocks "
3526 "and marking them as uninitialized, requiring no IO to the data blocks. This "
3527 "is much faster than creating a file by filling it with zeroes."
3531 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:44
3532 msgid "The exit status returned by B<fallocate> is 0 on success and 1 on failure."
3536 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:47
3538 "The I<length> and I<offset> arguments may be followed by the multiplicative "
3539 "suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, "
3540 "ZiB, and YiB (the \"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same meaning as "
3541 "\"KiB\") or the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on for GB, TB, "
3542 "PB, EB, ZB, and YB."
3546 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:49
3548 "The options B<--collapse-range>, B<--dig-holes>, B<--punch-hole>, and "
3549 "B<--zero-range> are mutually exclusive."
3553 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:51
3554 msgid "B<-c>, B<--collapse-range>"
3558 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:53
3560 "Removes a byte range from a file, without leaving a hole. The byte range to "
3561 "be collapsed starts at I<offset> and continues for I<length> bytes. At the "
3562 "completion of the operation, the contents of the file starting at the "
3563 "location I<offset>+I<length> will be appended at the location I<offset>, and "
3564 "the file will be I<length> bytes smaller. The option B<--keep-size> may not "
3565 "be specified for the collapse-range operation."
3569 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:55
3570 msgid "Available since Linux 3.15 for ext4 (only for extent-based files) and XFS."
3574 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:57
3576 "A filesystem may place limitations on the granularity of the operation, in "
3577 "order to ensure efficient implementation. Typically, offset and len must be "
3578 "a multiple of the filesystem logical block size, which varies according to "
3579 "the filesystem type and configuration. If a filesystem has such a "
3580 "requirement, the operation will fail with the error EINVAL if this "
3581 "requirement is violated."
3585 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:60
3586 msgid "B<-d>, B<--dig-holes>"
3590 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:62
3592 "Detect and dig holes. This makes the file sparse in-place, without using "
3593 "extra disk space. The minimum size of the hole depends on filesystem I/O "
3594 "block size (usually 4096 bytes). Also, when using this option, "
3595 "B<--keep-size> is implied. If no range is specified by B<--offset> and "
3596 "B<--length>, then the entire file is analyzed for holes."
3600 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:64
3602 "You can think of this option as doing a \"B<cp --sparse>\" and then renaming "
3603 "the destination file to the original, without the need for extra disk space."
3607 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:66
3608 msgid "See B<--punch-hole> for a list of supported filesystems."
3612 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:69
3613 msgid "B<-i>, B<--insert-range>"
3617 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:71
3618 msgid "Insert a hole of I<length> bytes from I<offset>, shifting existing data."
3622 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:74
3623 msgid "B<-l>, B<--length> I<length>"
3627 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:76
3628 msgid "Specifies the length of the range, in bytes."
3632 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:79
3633 msgid "B<-n>, B<--keep-size>"
3637 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:81
3639 "Do not modify the apparent length of the file. This may effectively allocate "
3640 "blocks past EOF, which can be removed with a truncate."
3644 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:84
3645 msgid "B<-o>, B<--offset> I<offset>"
3649 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:86
3650 msgid "Specifies the beginning offset of the range, in bytes."
3654 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:89
3655 msgid "B<-p>, B<--punch-hole>"
3659 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:91
3661 "Deallocates space (i.e., creates a hole) in the byte range starting at "
3662 "I<offset> and continuing for I<length> bytes. Within the specified range, "
3663 "partial filesystem blocks are zeroed, and whole filesystem blocks are "
3664 "removed from the file. After a successful call, subsequent reads from this "
3665 "range will return zeroes. This option may not be specified at the same time "
3666 "as the B<--zero-range> option. Also, when using this option, B<--keep-size> "
3671 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:93
3673 "Supported for XFS (since Linux 2.6.38), ext4 (since Linux 3.0), Btrfs (since "
3674 "Linux 3.7), tmpfs (since Linux 3.5) and gfs2 (since Linux 4.16)."
3678 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:98
3679 msgid "Enable verbose mode."
3683 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:101
3684 msgid "B<-x>, B<--posix>"
3688 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:103
3690 "Enable POSIX operation mode. In that mode allocation operation always "
3691 "completes, but it may take longer time when fast allocation is not supported "
3692 "by the underlying filesystem."
3696 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:106
3697 msgid "B<-z>, B<--zero-range>"
3701 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:108
3703 "Zeroes space in the byte range starting at I<offset> and continuing for "
3704 "I<length> bytes. Within the specified range, blocks are preallocated for the "
3705 "regions that span the holes in the file. After a successful call, subsequent "
3706 "reads from this range will return zeroes."
3710 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:110
3712 "Zeroing is done within the filesystem preferably by converting the range "
3713 "into unwritten extents. This approach means that the specified range will "
3714 "not be physically zeroed out on the device (except for partial blocks at the "
3715 "either end of the range), and I/O is (otherwise) required only to update "
3720 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:112
3721 msgid "Option B<--keep-size> can be specified to prevent file length modification."
3725 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:114
3726 msgid "Available since Linux 3.14 for ext4 (only for extent-based files) and XFS."
3730 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:134
3731 msgid "B<truncate>(1), B<fallocate>(2), B<posix_fallocate>(3)"
3735 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:141
3737 "The B<fallocate> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
3742 #: original/man1/fincore.1:10
3748 #: original/man1/fincore.1:32
3749 msgid "fincore - count pages of file contents in core"
3753 #: original/man1/fincore.1:35
3754 msgid "B<fincore> [options] I<file>..."
3758 #: original/man1/fincore.1:38
3760 "B<fincore> counts pages of file contents being resident in memory (in core), "
3761 "and reports the numbers. If an error occurs during counting, then an error "
3762 "message is printed to the stderr and B<fincore> continues processing the "
3763 "rest of files listed in a command line."
3767 #: original/man1/fincore.1:40
3769 "The default output is subject to change. So whenever possible, you should "
3770 "avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define "
3771 "expected columns by using B<--output> I<columns-list> in environments where "
3772 "a stable output is required."
3776 #: original/man1/fincore.1:43 original/man1/lsirq.1:43 original/man1/lsmem.1:71
3777 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:136
3778 msgid "B<-n>, B<--noheadings>"
3782 #: original/man1/fincore.1:45
3783 msgid "Do not print a header line in status output."
3787 #: original/man1/fincore.1:48 original/man1/ipcs.1:108
3788 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:118 original/man1/lsmem.1:56
3789 msgid "B<-b>, B<--bytes>"
3793 #: original/man1/fincore.1:50 original/man1/lsmem.1:58
3794 msgid "Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human-readable format."
3798 #: original/man1/fincore.1:53 original/man1/irqtop.1:43
3799 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:113 original/man1/lsirq.1:48
3800 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:114 original/man1/lsmem.1:76
3801 msgid "B<-o>, B<--output> I<list>"
3805 #: original/man1/fincore.1:55
3807 "Define output columns. See the B<--help> output to get a list of the "
3808 "currently supported columns. The default list of columns may be extended if "
3809 "I<list> is specified in the format I<+list>."
3813 #: original/man1/fincore.1:60 original/man1/lsmem.1:93
3815 "Produce output in raw format. All potentially unsafe characters are "
3816 "hex-escaped (\\(rsxE<lt>codeE<gt>)."
3820 #: original/man1/fincore.1:63 original/man1/lscpu.1:98 original/man1/lsipc.1:88
3821 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:58 original/man1/lsmem.1:66
3822 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:131
3823 msgid "B<-J>, B<--json>"
3827 #: original/man1/fincore.1:65 original/man1/lsirq.1:60 original/man1/lsmem.1:68
3828 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:133
3829 msgid "Use JSON output format."
3833 #: original/man1/fincore.1:84
3834 msgid "B<mincore>(2), B<getpagesize>(2), B<getconf>(1p)"
3838 #: original/man1/fincore.1:91
3840 "The B<fincore> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
3845 #: original/man1/flock.1:10
3851 #: original/man1/flock.1:32
3852 msgid "flock - manage locks from shell scripts"
3856 #: original/man1/flock.1:35
3857 msgid "B<flock> [options] I<file>|I<directory> I<command> [I<arguments>]"
3861 #: original/man1/flock.1:37
3862 msgid "B<flock> [options] I<file>|I<directory> B<-c> I<command>"
3866 #: original/man1/flock.1:39
3867 msgid "B<flock> [options] I<number>"
3871 #: original/man1/flock.1:42
3873 "This utility manages B<flock>(2) locks from within shell scripts or from the "
3878 #: original/man1/flock.1:44
3880 "The first and second of the above forms wrap the lock around the execution "
3881 "of a I<command>, in a manner similar to B<su>(1) or B<newgrp>(1). They lock "
3882 "a specified I<file> or I<directory>, which is created (assuming appropriate "
3883 "permissions) if it does not already exist. By default, if the lock cannot be "
3884 "immediately acquired, B<flock> waits until the lock is available."
3888 #: original/man1/flock.1:46
3890 "The third form uses an open file by its file descriptor I<number>. See the "
3891 "examples below for how that can be used."
3895 #: original/man1/flock.1:49 original/man1/script.1:54
3896 msgid "B<-c>, B<--command> I<command>"
3900 #: original/man1/flock.1:51
3901 msgid "Pass a single I<command>, without arguments, to the shell with B<-c>."
3905 #: original/man1/flock.1:54
3906 msgid "B<-E>, B<--conflict-exit-code> I<number>"
3910 #: original/man1/flock.1:56
3912 "The exit status used when the B<-n> option is in use, and the conflicting "
3913 "lock exists, or the B<-w> option is in use, and the timeout is reached. The "
3914 "default value is B<1>. The I<number> has to be in the range of 0 to 255."
3918 #: original/man1/flock.1:59 original/man1/nsenter.1:212
3919 msgid "B<-F>, B<--no-fork>"
3923 #: original/man1/flock.1:61
3925 "Do not fork before executing I<command>. Upon execution the flock process is "
3926 "replaced by I<command> which continues to hold the lock. This option is "
3927 "incompatible with B<--close> as there would otherwise be nothing left to "
3932 #: original/man1/flock.1:64
3933 msgid "B<-e>, B<-x>, B<--exclusive>"
3937 #: original/man1/flock.1:66
3939 "Obtain an exclusive lock, sometimes called a write lock. This is the "
3944 #: original/man1/flock.1:69
3945 msgid "B<-n>, B<--nb>, B<--nonblock>"
3949 #: original/man1/flock.1:71
3951 "Fail rather than wait if the lock cannot be immediately acquired. See the "
3952 "B<-E> option for the exit status used."
3956 #: original/man1/flock.1:74
3957 msgid "B<-o>, B<--close>"
3961 #: original/man1/flock.1:76
3963 "Close the file descriptor on which the lock is held before executing "
3964 "I<command>. This is useful if I<command> spawns a child process which should "
3965 "not be holding the lock."
3969 #: original/man1/flock.1:79
3970 msgid "B<-s>, B<--shared>"
3974 #: original/man1/flock.1:81
3975 msgid "Obtain a shared lock, sometimes called a read lock."
3979 #: original/man1/flock.1:84
3980 msgid "B<-u>, B<--unlock>"
3984 #: original/man1/flock.1:86
3986 "Drop a lock. This is usually not required, since a lock is automatically "
3987 "dropped when the file is closed. However, it may be required in special "
3988 "cases, for example if the enclosed command group may have forked a "
3989 "background process which should not be holding the lock."
3993 #: original/man1/flock.1:89
3994 msgid "B<-w>, B<--wait>, B<--timeout> I<seconds>"
3998 #: original/man1/flock.1:91
4000 "Fail if the lock cannot be acquired within I<seconds>. Decimal fractional "
4001 "values are allowed. See the B<-E> option for the exit status used. The zero "
4002 "number of I<seconds> is interpreted as B<--nonblock>."
4006 #: original/man1/flock.1:94 original/man1/kill.1:107
4007 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:118
4008 msgid "B<--verbose>"
4012 #: original/man1/flock.1:96
4014 "Report how long it took to acquire the lock, or why the lock could not be "
4019 #: original/man1/flock.1:110
4021 "The command uses E<lt>sysexits.hE<gt> exit status values for everything, "
4022 "except when using either of the options B<-n> or B<-w> which report a "
4023 "failure to acquire the lock with an exit status given by the B<-E> option, "
4024 "or 1 by default. The exit status given by B<-E> has to be in the range of 0 "
4029 #: original/man1/flock.1:112
4031 "When using the I<command> variant, and executing the child worked, then the "
4032 "exit status is that of the child command."
4036 #: original/man1/flock.1:115
4037 msgid "Note that \"shellE<gt> \" in examples is a command line prompt."
4041 #: original/man1/flock.1:117
4043 "shell1E<gt> flock /tmp -c cat; shell2E<gt> flock -w .007 /tmp -c echo; "
4048 #: original/man1/flock.1:119
4049 msgid "Set exclusive lock to directory /tmp and the second command will fail."
4053 #: original/man1/flock.1:122
4055 "shell1E<gt> flock -s /tmp -c cat; shell2E<gt> flock -s -w .007 /tmp -c echo; "
4060 #: original/man1/flock.1:124
4062 "Set shared lock to directory /tmp and the second command will not "
4063 "fail. Notice that attempting to get exclusive lock with second command would "
4068 #: original/man1/flock.1:127
4069 msgid "shellE<gt> flock -x local-lock-file echo \\(aqa b c\\(aq"
4073 #: original/man1/flock.1:129
4075 "Grab the exclusive lock \"local-lock-file\" before running echo with \\(aqa "
4080 #: original/man1/flock.1:132
4082 "(; flock -n 9 || exit 1; # ... commands executed under lock ...; ) "
4083 "9E<gt>/var/lock/mylockfile"
4087 #: original/man1/flock.1:134
4089 "The form is convenient inside shell scripts. The mode used to open the file "
4090 "doesn\\(cqt matter to B<flock>; using I<E<gt>> or I<E<gt>E<gt>> allows the "
4091 "lockfile to be created if it does not already exist, however, write "
4092 "permission is required. Using I<E<lt>> requires that the file already exists "
4093 "but only read permission is required."
4097 #: original/man1/flock.1:136
4098 msgid "[ ${FLOCKER} != $0 ] && exec env FLOCKER=\"$0 flock -en $0 $0 $@ ||"
4102 #: original/man1/flock.1:138
4104 "This is useful boilerplate code for shell scripts. Put it at the top of the "
4105 "shell script you want to lock and it\\(cqll automatically lock itself on the "
4106 "first run. If the env var B<$FLOCKER> is not set to the shell script that is "
4107 "being run, then execute B<flock> and grab an exclusive non-blocking lock "
4108 "(using the script itself as the lock file) before re-execing itself with the "
4109 "right arguments. It also sets the FLOCKER env var to the right value so it "
4110 "doesn\\(cqt run again."
4114 #: original/man1/flock.1:142
4115 msgid "shellE<gt> exec 4E<lt>E<gt>/var/lock/mylockfile; shellE<gt> flock -n 4"
4119 #: original/man1/flock.1:144
4121 "This form is convenient for locking a file without spawning a "
4122 "subprocess. The shell opens the lock file for reading and writing as file "
4123 "descriptor 4, then flock is used to lock the descriptor."
4127 #: original/man1/flock.1:148 original/man1/scriptlive.1:103
4128 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:135 original/man1/taskset.1:122
4134 #: original/man1/flock.1:151
4136 "Copyright © 2003-2006 H. Peter Anvin. This is free software; see the source "
4137 "for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY "
4138 "or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
4142 #: original/man1/flock.1:154
4147 #: original/man1/flock.1:161
4149 "The B<flock> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
4154 #: original/man1/getopt.1:10
4160 #: original/man1/getopt.1:32
4161 msgid "getopt - parse command options (enhanced)"
4165 #: original/man1/getopt.1:37
4167 "B<getopt> I<optstring> I<parameters> B<getopt> [options] [B<-->] "
4168 "I<optstring> I<parameters> B<getopt> [options] B<-o>|B<--options> "
4169 "I<optstring> [options] [B<-->] I<parameters>"
4173 #: original/man1/getopt.1:40
4175 "B<getopt> is used to break up (I<parse>) options in command lines for easy "
4176 "parsing by shell procedures, and to check for valid options. It uses the GNU "
4177 "B<getopt>(3) routines to do this."
4181 #: original/man1/getopt.1:42
4183 "The parameters B<getopt> is called with can be divided into two parts: "
4184 "options which modify the way B<getopt> will do the parsing (the I<options> "
4185 "and the I<optstring> in the B<SYNOPSIS>), and the parameters which are to be "
4186 "parsed (I<parameters> in the B<SYNOPSIS>). The second part will start at the "
4187 "first non-option parameter that is not an option argument, or after the "
4188 "first occurrence of \\(aqB<-->\\(aq. If no \\(aqB<-o>\\(aq or "
4189 "\\(aqB<--options>\\(aq option is found in the first part, the first "
4190 "parameter of the second part is used as the short options string."
4194 #: original/man1/getopt.1:44
4196 "If the environment variable B<GETOPT_COMPATIBLE> is set, or if the first "
4197 "I<parameter> is not an option (does not start with a \\(aqB<->\\(aq, the "
4198 "first format in the B<SYNOPSIS>), B<getopt> will generate output that is "
4199 "compatible with that of other versions of B<getopt>(1). It will still do "
4200 "parameter shuffling and recognize optional arguments (see section "
4201 "B<COMPATIBILITY> for more information)."
4205 #: original/man1/getopt.1:46
4207 "Traditional implementations of B<getopt>(1) are unable to cope with "
4208 "whitespace and other (shell-specific) special characters in arguments and "
4209 "non-option parameters. To solve this problem, this implementation can "
4210 "generate quoted output which must once again be interpreted by the shell "
4211 "(usually by using the B<eval> command). This has the effect of preserving "
4212 "those characters, but you must call B<getopt> in a way that is no longer "
4213 "compatible with other versions (the second or third format in the "
4214 "B<SYNOPSIS>). To determine whether this enhanced version of B<getopt>(1) is "
4215 "installed, a special test option (B<-T>) can be used."
4219 #: original/man1/getopt.1:49 original/man1/look.1:43
4220 msgid "B<-a>, B<--alternative>"
4224 #: original/man1/getopt.1:51
4225 msgid "Allow long options to start with a single \\(aqB<->\\(aq."
4229 #: original/man1/getopt.1:56
4230 msgid "Display help text and exit. No other output is generated."
4234 #: original/man1/getopt.1:59
4235 msgid "B<-l>, B<--longoptions> I<longopts>"
4239 #: original/man1/getopt.1:61
4241 "The long (multi-character) options to be recognized. More than one option "
4242 "name may be specified at once, by separating the names with commas. This "
4243 "option may be given more than once, the I<longopts> are cumulative. Each "
4244 "long option name in I<longopts> may be followed by one colon to indicate it "
4245 "has a required argument, and by two colons to indicate it has an optional "
4250 #: original/man1/getopt.1:64
4251 msgid "B<-n>, B<--name> I<progname>"
4255 #: original/man1/getopt.1:66
4257 "The name that will be used by the B<getopt>(3) routines when it reports "
4258 "errors. Note that errors of B<getopt>(1) are still reported as coming from "
4263 #: original/man1/getopt.1:69
4264 msgid "B<-o>, B<--options> I<shortopts>"
4268 #: original/man1/getopt.1:71
4270 "The short (one-character) options to be recognized. If this option is not "
4271 "found, the first parameter of B<getopt> that does not start with a "
4272 "\\(aqB<->\\(aq (and is not an option argument) is used as the short options "
4273 "string. Each short option character in I<shortopts> may be followed by one "
4274 "colon to indicate it has a required argument, and by two colons to indicate "
4275 "it has an optional argument. The first character of shortopts may be "
4276 "\\(aqB<+>\\(aq or \\(aqB<->\\(aq to influence the way options are parsed and "
4277 "output is generated (see section B<SCANNING MODES> for details)."
4281 #: original/man1/getopt.1:74 original/man1/hardlink.1:51
4282 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:48 original/man1/script.1:125
4283 msgid "B<-q>, B<--quiet>"
4287 #: original/man1/getopt.1:76
4288 msgid "Disable error reporting by B<getopt>(3)."
4292 #: original/man1/getopt.1:79
4293 msgid "B<-Q>, B<--quiet-output>"
4297 #: original/man1/getopt.1:81
4299 "Do not generate normal output. Errors are still reported by B<getopt>(3), "
4300 "unless you also use B<-q>."
4304 #: original/man1/getopt.1:86
4306 "Set quoting conventions to those of I<shell>. If the B<-s> option is not "
4307 "given, the BASH conventions are used. Valid arguments are currently "
4308 "\\(aqB<sh>\\(aq \\(aqB<bash>\\(aq, \\(aqB<csh>\\(aq, and \\(aqB<tcsh>\\(aq."
4312 #: original/man1/getopt.1:89
4313 msgid "B<-T>, B<--test>"
4317 #: original/man1/getopt.1:91
4319 "Test if your B<getopt>(1) is this enhanced version or an old version. This "
4320 "generates no output, and sets the error status to 4. Other implementations "
4321 "of B<getopt>(1), and this version if the environment variable "
4322 "B<GETOPT_COMPATIBLE> is set, will return \\(aqB<-->\\(aq and error status 0."
4326 #: original/man1/getopt.1:94
4327 msgid "B<-u>, B<--unquoted>"
4331 #: original/man1/getopt.1:96
4333 "Do not quote the output. Note that whitespace and special (shell-dependent) "
4334 "characters can cause havoc in this mode (like they do with other "
4335 "B<getopt>(1) implementations)."
4339 #: original/man1/getopt.1:101
4340 msgid "Display version information and exit. No other output is generated."
4344 #: original/man1/getopt.1:102
4350 #: original/man1/getopt.1:105
4352 "This section specifies the format of the second part of the parameters of "
4353 "B<getopt> (the I<parameters> in the B<SYNOPSIS>). The next section "
4354 "(B<OUTPUT>) describes the output that is generated. These parameters were "
4355 "typically the parameters a shell function was called with. Care must be "
4356 "taken that each parameter the shell function was called with corresponds to "
4357 "exactly one parameter in the parameter list of B<getopt> (see the "
4358 "B<EXAMPLES>). All parsing is done by the GNU B<getopt>(3) routines."
4362 #: original/man1/getopt.1:107
4364 "The parameters are parsed from left to right. Each parameter is classified "
4365 "as a short option, a long option, an argument to an option, or a non-option "
4370 #: original/man1/getopt.1:109
4372 "A simple short option is a \\(aqB<->\\(aq followed by a short option "
4373 "character. If the option has a required argument, it may be written directly "
4374 "after the option character or as the next parameter (i.e., separated by "
4375 "whitespace on the command line). If the option has an optional argument, it "
4376 "must be written directly after the option character if present."
4380 #: original/man1/getopt.1:111
4382 "It is possible to specify several short options after one \\(aqB<->\\(aq, as "
4383 "long as all (except possibly the last) do not have required or optional "
4388 #: original/man1/getopt.1:113
4390 "A long option normally begins with \\(aqB<-->\\(aq followed by the long "
4391 "option name. If the option has a required argument, it may be written "
4392 "directly after the long option name, separated by \\(aqB<=>\\(aq, or as the "
4393 "next argument (i.e., separated by whitespace on the command line). If the "
4394 "option has an optional argument, it must be written directly after the long "
4395 "option name, separated by \\(aqB<=>\\(aq, if present (if you add the "
4396 "\\(aqB<=>\\(aq but nothing behind it, it is interpreted as if no argument "
4397 "was present; this is a slight bug, see the B<BUGS>). Long options may be "
4398 "abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation is not ambiguous."
4402 #: original/man1/getopt.1:115
4404 "Each parameter not starting with a \\(aqB<->\\(aq, and not a required "
4405 "argument of a previous option, is a non-option parameter. Each parameter "
4406 "after a \\(aqB<-->\\(aq parameter is always interpreted as a non-option "
4407 "parameter. If the environment variable B<POSIXLY_CORRECT> is set, or if the "
4408 "short option string started with a \\(aqB<+>\\(aq, all remaining parameters "
4409 "are interpreted as non-option parameters as soon as the first non-option "
4410 "parameter is found."
4414 #: original/man1/getopt.1:115 original/man1/uuidparse.1:38
4420 #: original/man1/getopt.1:118
4422 "Output is generated for each element described in the previous "
4423 "section. Output is done in the same order as the elements are specified in "
4424 "the input, except for non-option parameters. Output can be done in "
4425 "I<compatible> (I<unquoted>) mode, or in such way that whitespace and other "
4426 "special characters within arguments and non-option parameters are preserved "
4427 "(see B<QUOTING>). When the output is processed in the shell script, it will "
4428 "seem to be composed of distinct elements that can be processed one by one "
4429 "(by using the shift command in most shell languages). This is imperfect in "
4430 "unquoted mode, as elements can be split at unexpected places if they contain "
4431 "whitespace or special characters."
4435 #: original/man1/getopt.1:120
4437 "If there are problems parsing the parameters, for example because a required "
4438 "argument is not found or an option is not recognized, an error will be "
4439 "reported on stderr, there will be no output for the offending element, and a "
4440 "non-zero error status is returned."
4444 #: original/man1/getopt.1:122
4446 "For a short option, a single \\(aqB<->\\(aq and the option character are "
4447 "generated as one parameter. If the option has an argument, the next "
4448 "parameter will be the argument. If the option takes an optional argument, "
4449 "but none was found, the next parameter will be generated but be empty in "
4450 "quoting mode, but no second parameter will be generated in unquoted "
4451 "(compatible) mode. Note that many other B<getopt>(1) implementations do not "
4452 "support optional arguments."
4456 #: original/man1/getopt.1:124
4458 "If several short options were specified after a single \\(aqB<->\\(aq, each "
4459 "will be present in the output as a separate parameter."
4463 #: original/man1/getopt.1:126
4465 "For a long option, \\(aqB<-->\\(aq and the full option name are generated as "
4466 "one parameter. This is done regardless whether the option was abbreviated or "
4467 "specified with a single \\(aqB<->\\(aq in the input. Arguments are handled "
4468 "as with short options."
4472 #: original/man1/getopt.1:128
4474 "Normally, no non-option parameters output is generated until all options and "
4475 "their arguments have been generated. Then \\(aqB<-->\\(aq is generated as a "
4476 "single parameter, and after it the non-option parameters in the order they "
4477 "were found, each as a separate parameter. Only if the first character of the "
4478 "short options string was a \\(aqB<->\\(aq, non-option parameter output is "
4479 "generated at the place they are found in the input (this is not supported if "
4480 "the first format of the B<SYNOPSIS> is used; in that case all preceding "
4481 "occurrences of \\(aqB<->\\(aq and \\(aqB<+>\\(aq are ignored)."
4485 #: original/man1/getopt.1:128
4491 #: original/man1/getopt.1:131
4493 "In compatibility mode, whitespace or \\(aqspecial\\(aq characters in "
4494 "arguments or non-option parameters are not handled correctly. As the output "
4495 "is fed to the shell script, the script does not know how it is supposed to "
4496 "break the output into separate parameters. To circumvent this problem, this "
4497 "implementation offers quoting. The idea is that output is generated with "
4498 "quotes around each parameter. When this output is once again fed to the "
4499 "shell (usually by a shell B<eval> command), it is split correctly into "
4500 "separate parameters."
4504 #: original/man1/getopt.1:133
4506 "Quoting is not enabled if the environment variable B<GETOPT_COMPATIBLE> is "
4507 "set, if the first form of the B<SYNOPSIS> is used, or if the option "
4508 "\\(aqB<-u>\\(aq is found."
4512 #: original/man1/getopt.1:135
4514 "Different shells use different quoting conventions. You can use the "
4515 "\\(aqB<-s>\\(aq option to select the shell you are using. The following "
4516 "shells are currently supported: \\(aqB<sh>\\(aq, \\(aqB<bash>\\(aq, "
4517 "\\(aqB<csh>\\(aq and \\(aqB<tcsh>\\(aq. Actually, only two \\(aqflavors\\(aq "
4518 "are distinguished: sh-like quoting conventions and csh-like quoting "
4519 "conventions. Chances are that if you use another shell script language, one "
4520 "of these flavors can still be used."
4524 #: original/man1/getopt.1:135
4526 msgid "SCANNING MODES"
4530 #: original/man1/getopt.1:138
4532 "The first character of the short options string may be a \\(aqB<->\\(aq or a "
4533 "\\(aqB<+>\\(aq to indicate a special scanning mode. If the first calling "
4534 "form in the B<SYNOPSIS> is used they are ignored; the environment variable "
4535 "B<POSIXLY_CORRECT> is still examined, though."
4539 #: original/man1/getopt.1:140
4541 "If the first character is \\(aqB<+>\\(aq, or if the environment variable "
4542 "B<POSIXLY_CORRECT> is set, parsing stops as soon as the first non-option "
4543 "parameter (i.e., a parameter that does not start with a \\(aqB<->\\(aq) is "
4544 "found that is not an option argument. The remaining parameters are all "
4545 "interpreted as non-option parameters."
4549 #: original/man1/getopt.1:142
4551 "If the first character is a \\(aqB<->\\(aq, non-option parameters are "
4552 "outputted at the place where they are found; in normal operation, they are "
4553 "all collected at the end of output after a \\(aqB<-->\\(aq parameter has "
4554 "been generated. Note that this \\(aqB<-->\\(aq parameter is still generated, "
4555 "but it will always be the last parameter in this mode."
4559 #: original/man1/getopt.1:142 original/man1/setterm.1:255
4561 msgid "COMPATIBILITY"
4565 #: original/man1/getopt.1:145
4567 "This version of B<getopt>(1) is written to be as compatible as possible to "
4568 "other versions. Usually you can just replace them with this version without "
4569 "any modifications, and with some advantages."
4573 #: original/man1/getopt.1:147
4575 "If the first character of the first parameter of getopt is not a "
4576 "\\(aqB<->\\(aq, B<getopt> goes into compatibility mode. It will interpret "
4577 "its first parameter as the string of short options, and all other arguments "
4578 "will be parsed. It will still do parameter shuffling (i.e., all non-option "
4579 "parameters are output at the end), unless the environment variable "
4580 "B<POSIXLY_CORRECT> is set, in which case, B<getopt> will prepend a "
4581 "\\(aqB<+>\\(aq before short options automatically."
4585 #: original/man1/getopt.1:149
4587 "The environment variable B<GETOPT_COMPATIBLE> forces B<getopt> into "
4588 "compatibility mode. Setting both this environment variable and "
4589 "B<POSIXLY_CORRECT> offers 100% compatibility for \\(aqdifficult\\(aq "
4590 "programs. Usually, though, neither is needed."
4594 #: original/man1/getopt.1:151
4596 "In compatibility mode, leading \\(aqB<->\\(aq and \\(aqB<+>\\(aq characters "
4597 "in the short options string are ignored."
4601 #: original/man1/getopt.1:151
4603 msgid "RETURN CODES"
4607 #: original/man1/getopt.1:154
4609 "B<getopt> returns error code B<0> for successful parsing, B<1> if "
4610 "B<getopt>(3) returns errors, B<2> if it does not understand its own "
4611 "parameters, B<3> if an internal error occurs like out-of-memory, and B<4> if "
4612 "it is called with B<-T>."
4616 #: original/man1/getopt.1:157
4618 "Example scripts for (ba)sh and (t)csh are provided with the B<getopt>(1) "
4619 "distribution, and are installed in I</usr/share/doc/util-linux> directory."
4623 #: original/man1/getopt.1:160
4624 msgid "B<POSIXLY_CORRECT>"
4628 #: original/man1/getopt.1:162
4630 "This environment variable is examined by the B<getopt>(3) routines. If it is "
4631 "set, parsing stops as soon as a parameter is found that is not an option or "
4632 "an option argument. All remaining parameters are also interpreted as "
4633 "non-option parameters, regardless whether they start with a \\(aqB<->\\(aq."
4637 #: original/man1/getopt.1:165
4638 msgid "B<GETOPT_COMPATIBLE>"
4642 #: original/man1/getopt.1:167
4644 "Forces B<getopt> to use the first calling format as specified in the "
4649 #: original/man1/getopt.1:171
4651 "B<getopt>(3) can parse long options with optional arguments that are given "
4652 "an empty optional argument (but cannot do this for short options). This "
4653 "B<getopt>(1) treats optional arguments that are empty as if they were not "
4658 #: original/man1/getopt.1:173
4660 "The syntax if you do not want any short option variables at all is not very "
4661 "intuitive (you have to set them explicitly to the empty string)."
4665 #: original/man1/getopt.1:173 original/man1/hardlink.1:122
4671 #: original/man1/getopt.1:181
4672 msgid "B<bash>(1), B<tcsh>(1), B<getopt>(3)"
4676 #: original/man1/getopt.1:188
4678 "The B<getopt> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
4683 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:10
4689 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:32
4690 msgid "hardlink - link multiple copies of a file"
4694 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:35
4695 msgid "B<hardlink> [options] [I<directory>|I<file>]..."
4699 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:38
4701 "B<hardlink> is a tool which replaces copies of a file with hardlinks, "
4702 "therefore saving space."
4706 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:43
4707 msgid "print quick usage details to the screen."
4711 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:48
4713 "More verbose output. If specified once, every hardlinked file is displayed, "
4714 "if specified twice, it also shows every comparison."
4718 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:53
4719 msgid "Quiet mode, don\\(cqt print anything."
4723 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:56
4724 msgid "B<-n>, B<--dry-run>"
4728 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:58
4729 msgid "Do not act, just print what would happen."
4733 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:61
4734 msgid "B<-f>, B<--respect-name>"
4738 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:63
4740 "Only try to link files with the same (basename). It\\(cqs strongly "
4741 "recommended to use long options rather than B<-f> which is interpreted in a "
4742 "different way by others B<hardlink> implementations."
4746 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:66
4747 msgid "B<-p>, B<--ignore-mode>"
4751 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:68
4753 "Link/compare files even if their mode is different. This may be a bit "
4758 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:71
4759 msgid "B<-o>, B<--ignore-owner>"
4763 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:73
4765 "Link/compare files even if their owner (user and group) is different. It is "
4770 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:76
4771 msgid "B<-t>, B<--ignore-time>"
4775 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:78
4777 "Link/compare files even if their time of modification is different. You "
4778 "almost always want this."
4782 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:81
4783 msgid "B<-X>, B<--respect-xattrs>"
4787 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:83
4788 msgid "Only try to link files with the same extended attributes."
4792 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:86
4793 msgid "B<-m>, B<--maximize>"
4797 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:88
4798 msgid "Among equal files, keep the file with the highest link count."
4802 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:91
4803 msgid "B<-M>, B<--minimize>"
4807 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:93
4808 msgid "Among equal files, keep the file with the lowest link count."
4812 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:96
4813 msgid "B<-O>, B<--keep-oldest>"
4817 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:98
4819 "Among equal files, keep the oldest file (least recent modification time). By "
4820 "default, the newest file is kept. If B<--maximize> or B<--minimize> is "
4821 "specified, the link count has a higher precedence than the time of "
4826 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:101
4827 msgid "B<-x>, B<--exclude> I<regex>"
4831 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:103
4832 msgid "A regular expression which excludes files from being compared and linked."
4836 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:106
4837 msgid "B<-i>, B<--include> I<regex>"
4841 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:108
4843 "A regular expression to include files. If the option B<--exclude> has been "
4844 "given, this option re-includes files which would otherwise be excluded. If "
4845 "the option is used without B<--exclude>, only files matched by the pattern "
4850 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:111
4851 msgid "B<-s>, B<--minimum-size> I<size>"
4855 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:113
4857 "The minimum size to consider. By default this is 1, so empty files will not "
4858 "be linked. The I<size> argument may be followed by the multiplicative "
4859 "suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, "
4860 "ZiB and YiB (the \"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same meaning as "
4865 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:114 original/man1/kill.1:46 original/man1/mesg.1:42
4871 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:117
4873 "B<hardlink> takes one or more directories which will be searched for files "
4878 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:120
4880 "The original B<hardlink> implementation uses the option B<-f> to force "
4881 "hardlinks creation between filesystem. This very rarely usable feature is no "
4882 "more supported by the current hardlink."
4886 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:122
4888 "B<hardlink> assumes that the trees it operates on do not change during "
4889 "operation. If a tree does change, the result is undefined and potentially "
4890 "dangerous. For example, if a regular file is replaced by a device, hardlink "
4891 "may start reading from the device. If a component of a path is replaced by a "
4892 "symbolic link or file permissions change, security may be compromised. Do "
4893 "not run hardlink on a changing tree or on a tree controlled by another user."
4897 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:125
4899 "There are multiple B<hardlink> implementations. The very first "
4900 "implementation is from Jakub Jelinek for Fedora distribution, this "
4901 "implementation has been used in util-linux between versions v2.34 to "
4902 "v2.36. The current implementations is based on Debian version from Julian "
4907 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:132
4909 "The B<hardlink> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
4914 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:10
4920 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:32
4921 msgid "hexdump - display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii"
4925 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:34
4926 msgid "B<hexdump> I<options file> ..."
4930 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:36
4931 msgid "B<hd> I<options file> ..."
4935 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:39
4937 "The B<hexdump> utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or "
4938 "standard input if no files are specified, in a user-specified format."
4942 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:42
4944 "Below, the I<length> and I<offset> arguments may be followed by the "
4945 "multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, "
4946 "TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the \"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same "
4947 "meaning as \"KiB\"), or the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on "
4948 "for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB."
4952 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:44
4953 msgid "B<-b>, B<--one-byte-octal>"
4957 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:46
4959 "I<One-byte octal display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed "
4960 "by sixteen space-separated, three-column, zero-filled bytes of input data, "
4961 "in octal, per line."
4965 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:49
4966 msgid "B<-c>, B<--one-byte-char>"
4970 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:51
4972 "I<One-byte character display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, "
4973 "followed by sixteen space-separated, three-column, space-filled characters "
4974 "of input data per line."
4978 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:54
4979 msgid "B<-C>, B<--canonical>"
4983 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:56
4985 "I<Canonical hex+ASCII display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, "
4986 "followed by sixteen space-separated, two-column, hexadecimal bytes, followed "
4987 "by the same sixteen bytes in B<%_p> format enclosed in \\(aqB<|>\\(aq "
4988 "characters. Invoking the program as B<hd> implies this option."
4992 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:59
4993 msgid "B<-d>, B<--two-bytes-decimal>"
4997 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:61
4999 "I<Two-byte decimal display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, "
5000 "followed by eight space-separated, five-column, zero-filled, two-byte units "
5001 "of input data, in unsigned decimal, per line."
5005 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:64
5006 msgid "B<-e>, B<--format> I<format_string>"
5010 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:66
5011 msgid "Specify a format string to be used for displaying data."
5015 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:69
5016 msgid "B<-f>, B<--format-file> I<file>"
5020 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:71
5022 "Specify a file that contains one or more newline-separated format "
5023 "strings. Empty lines and lines whose first non-blank character is a hash "
5024 "mark (#) are ignored."
5028 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:76
5030 "Accept color units for the output. The optional argument I<when> can be "
5031 "B<auto>, B<never> or B<always>. If the I<when> argument is omitted, it "
5032 "defaults to B<auto>. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in "
5033 "default see the B<--help> output. See also the B<Colors> subsection and the "
5034 "B<COLORS> section below."
5038 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:79
5039 msgid "B<-n>, B<--length> I<length>"
5043 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:81
5044 msgid "Interpret only I<length> bytes of input."
5048 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:84
5049 msgid "B<-o>, B<--two-bytes-octal>"
5053 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:86
5055 "I<Two-byte octal display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed "
5056 "by eight space-separated, six-column, zero-filled, two-byte quantities of "
5057 "input data, in octal, per line."
5061 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:89
5062 msgid "B<-s>, B<--skip> I<offset>"
5066 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:91
5067 msgid "Skip I<offset> bytes from the beginning of the input."
5071 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:94
5072 msgid "B<-v>, B<--no-squeezing>"
5076 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:96
5078 "The B<-v> option causes B<hexdump> to display all input data. Without the "
5079 "B<-v> option, any number of groups of output lines which would be identical "
5080 "to the immediately preceding group of output lines (except for the input "
5081 "offsets), are replaced with a line comprised of a single asterisk."
5085 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:99
5086 msgid "B<-x>, B<--two-bytes-hex>"
5090 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:101
5092 "I<Two-byte hexadecimal display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, "
5093 "followed by eight space-separated, four-column, zero-filled, two-byte "
5094 "quantities of input data, in hexadecimal, per line."
5098 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:114
5100 "For each input file, B<hexdump> sequentially copies the input to standard "
5101 "output, transforming the data according to the format strings specified by "
5102 "the B<-e> and B<-f> options, in the order that they were specified."
5106 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:114
5112 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:117
5114 "A format string contains any number of format units, separated by "
5115 "whitespace. A format unit contains up to three items: an iteration count, a "
5116 "byte count, and a format."
5120 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:119
5122 "The iteration count is an optional positive integer, which defaults to "
5123 "one. Each format is applied iteration count times."
5127 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:121
5129 "The byte count is an optional positive integer. If specified it defines the "
5130 "number of bytes to be interpreted by each iteration of the format."
5134 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:123
5136 "If an iteration count and/or a byte count is specified, a single slash must "
5137 "be placed after the iteration count and/or before the byte count to "
5138 "disambiguate them. Any whitespace before or after the slash is ignored."
5142 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:125
5144 "The format is required and must be surrounded by double quote (\" \") "
5145 "marks. It is interpreted as a fprintf-style format string (see "
5146 "B<fprintf>(3), with the following exceptions:"
5150 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:127
5155 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:129
5156 msgid "An asterisk (*) may not be used as a field width or precision."
5160 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:132
5165 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:134
5167 "A byte count or field precision I<is> required for each B<s> conversion "
5168 "character (unlike the fprintf3 default which prints the entire string if the "
5169 "precision is unspecified)."
5173 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:137
5178 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:139
5180 "The conversion characters B<h>, B<l>, B<n>, B<p>, and B<q> are not "
5185 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:142
5190 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:144
5192 "The single character escape sequences described in the C standard are "
5197 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:151 original/man1/hexdump.1:154
5198 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:158 original/man1/hexdump.1:161
5199 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:165 original/man1/hexdump.1:168
5200 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:172 original/man1/hexdump.1:175
5201 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:179 original/man1/hexdump.1:182
5202 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:186 original/man1/hexdump.1:189
5203 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:193 original/man1/hexdump.1:196
5204 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:200 original/man1/hexdump.1:203
5205 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:245 original/man1/hexdump.1:248
5206 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:251 original/man1/hexdump.1:254
5207 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:257 original/man1/hexdump.1:260
5208 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:264 original/man1/hexdump.1:267
5209 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:270 original/man1/hexdump.1:273
5210 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:276 original/man1/hexdump.1:279
5211 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:283 original/man1/hexdump.1:286
5212 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:289 original/man1/hexdump.1:292
5213 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:295 original/man1/hexdump.1:298
5214 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:302 original/man1/hexdump.1:305
5215 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:308 original/man1/hexdump.1:311
5216 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:314 original/man1/hexdump.1:317
5217 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:321 original/man1/hexdump.1:324
5218 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:327 original/man1/hexdump.1:330
5219 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:333 original/man1/hexdump.1:336
5220 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:340 original/man1/hexdump.1:343
5221 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:346 original/man1/hexdump.1:349
5222 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:352 original/man1/hexdump.1:355
5223 #: original/man1/last.1:119 original/man1/last.1:122 original/man1/last.1:126
5224 #: original/man1/last.1:129 original/man1/last.1:133 original/man1/last.1:136
5225 #: original/man1/last.1:140 original/man1/last.1:143 original/man1/last.1:147
5226 #: original/man1/last.1:150 original/man1/last.1:154 original/man1/last.1:157
5227 #: original/man1/last.1:161 original/man1/last.1:164 original/man1/last.1:168
5228 #: original/man1/last.1:171 original/man1/last.1:175 original/man1/last.1:178
5229 #: original/man1/last.1:182 original/man1/last.1:185 original/man1/last.1:189
5230 #: original/man1/last.1:192 original/man1/last.1:196 original/man1/last.1:199
5231 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:44 original/man1/uuidparse.1:47
5232 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:51 original/man1/uuidparse.1:54
5233 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:58 original/man1/uuidparse.1:61
5234 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:65 original/man1/uuidparse.1:68
5235 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:78 original/man1/uuidparse.1:81
5236 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:85 original/man1/uuidparse.1:88
5237 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:92 original/man1/uuidparse.1:95
5238 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:99 original/man1/uuidparse.1:102
5239 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:106 original/man1/uuidparse.1:109
5240 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:113 original/man1/uuidparse.1:116
5241 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:120 original/man1/uuidparse.1:123
5247 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:153
5253 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:156
5259 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:160
5261 msgid "E<lt>alert characterE<gt>"
5265 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:163
5271 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:167
5273 msgid "E<lt>backspaceE<gt>"
5277 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:170
5283 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:174
5285 msgid "E<lt>form-feedE<gt>"
5289 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:177
5295 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:181
5297 msgid "E<lt>newlineE<gt>"
5301 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:184
5307 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:188
5309 msgid "E<lt>carriage returnE<gt>"
5313 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:191
5319 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:195
5321 msgid "E<lt>tabE<gt>"
5325 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:198
5331 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:202
5333 msgid "E<lt>vertical tabE<gt>"
5337 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:205
5343 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:211
5345 msgid "Conversion strings"
5349 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:214
5351 "The B<hexdump> utility also supports the following additional conversion "
5356 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:216
5361 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:218
5363 "Display the input offset, cumulative across input files, of the next byte to "
5364 "be displayed. The appended characters B<d>, B<o>, and B<x> specify the "
5365 "display base as decimal, octal or hexadecimal respectively."
5369 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:221
5374 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:223
5376 "Identical to the B<_a> conversion string except that it is only performed "
5377 "once, when all of the input data has been processed."
5381 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:226
5386 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:228
5388 "Output characters in the default character set. Non-printing characters are "
5389 "displayed in three-character, zero-padded octal, except for those "
5390 "representable by standard escape notation (see above), which are displayed "
5391 "as two-character strings."
5395 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:231
5400 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:233
5402 "Output characters in the default character set. Non-printing characters are "
5403 "displayed as a single \\(aqB<.>\\(aq."
5407 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:236
5412 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:238
5414 "Output US ASCII characters, with the exception that control characters are "
5415 "displayed using the following, lower-case, names. Characters greater than "
5416 "0xff, hexadecimal, are displayed as hexadecimal strings."
5420 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:247
5426 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:250
5432 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:253
5438 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:256
5444 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:259
5450 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:262
5456 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:266
5462 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:269
5468 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:272
5474 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:275
5480 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:278
5486 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:281
5492 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:285
5498 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:288
5504 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:291
5510 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:294
5516 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:297
5522 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:300
5528 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:304
5534 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:307
5540 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:310
5546 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:313
5552 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:316
5558 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:319
5564 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:323
5570 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:326
5576 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:329
5582 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:332
5588 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:335
5594 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:338
5600 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:342
5606 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:345
5612 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:348
5618 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:363
5624 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:366
5626 "When put at the end of a format specifier, hexdump highlights the respective "
5627 "string with the color specified. Conditions, if present, are evaluated prior "
5632 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:368
5633 msgid "B<_L[color_unit_1,color_unit_2,...,color_unit_n]>"
5637 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:370
5638 msgid "The full syntax of a color unit is as follows:"
5642 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:372
5643 msgid "B<[!]COLOR[:VALUE][@OFFSET_START[-END]]>"
5647 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:374
5652 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:376
5654 "Negate the condition. Please note that it only makes sense to negate a unit "
5655 "if both a value/string and an offset are specified. In that case the "
5656 "respective output string will be highlighted if and only if the value/string "
5657 "does not match the one at the offset."
5661 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:379
5666 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:381
5667 msgid "One of the 8 basic shell colors."
5671 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:384
5676 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:386
5678 "A value to be matched specified in hexadecimal, or octal base, or as a "
5679 "string. Please note that the usual C escape sequences are not interpreted by "
5680 "hexdump inside the color_units."
5684 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:389
5689 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:391
5691 "An offset or an offset range at which to check for a match. Please note that "
5692 "lone OFFSET_START uses the same value as END offset."
5696 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:392
5702 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:395
5704 "The default and supported byte counts for the conversion characters are as "
5709 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:397
5710 msgid "B<%_c>, B<%_p>, B<%_u>, B<%c>"
5714 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:399
5715 msgid "One byte counts only."
5719 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:402
5720 msgid "B<%d>, B<%i>, B<%o>, B<%u>, B<%X>, B<%x>"
5724 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:404
5725 msgid "Four byte default, one, two and four byte counts supported."
5729 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:407
5730 msgid "B<%E>, B<%e>, B<%f>, B<%G>, B<%g>"
5734 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:409
5735 msgid "Eight byte default, four byte counts supported."
5739 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:412
5741 "The amount of data interpreted by each format string is the sum of the data "
5742 "required by each format unit, which is the iteration count times the byte "
5743 "count, or the iteration count times the number of bytes required by the "
5744 "format if the byte count is not specified."
5748 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:414
5750 "The input is manipulated in I<blocks>, where a block is defined as the "
5751 "largest amount of data specified by any format string. Format strings "
5752 "interpreting less than an input block\\(cqs worth of data, whose last format "
5753 "unit both interprets some number of bytes and does not have a specified "
5754 "iteration count, have the iteration count incremented until the entire input "
5755 "block has been processed or there is not enough data remaining in the block "
5756 "to satisfy the format string."
5760 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:416
5762 "If, either as a result of user specification or B<hexdump> modifying the "
5763 "iteration count as described above, an iteration count is greater than one, "
5764 "no trailing whitespace characters are output during the last iteration."
5768 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:418
5770 "It is an error to specify a byte count as well as multiple conversion "
5771 "characters or strings unless all but one of the conversion characters or "
5772 "strings is B<_a> or B<_A>."
5776 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:420
5778 "If, as a result of the specification of the B<-n> option or end-of-file "
5779 "being reached, input data only partially satisfies a format string, the "
5780 "input block is zero-padded sufficiently to display all available data (i.e., "
5781 "any format units overlapping the end of data will display some number of the "
5786 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:422
5788 "Further output by such format strings is replaced by an equivalent number of "
5789 "spaces. An equivalent number of spaces is defined as the number of spaces "
5790 "output by an B<s> conversion character with the same field width and "
5791 "precision as the original conversion character or conversion string but with "
5792 "any \\(aqB<+>\\(aq, \\(aq \\(aq, \\(aqB<#>\\(aq conversion flag characters "
5793 "removed, and referencing a NULL string."
5797 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:424
5799 "If no format strings are specified, the default display is very similar to "
5800 "the B<-x> output format (the B<-x> option causes more space to be used "
5801 "between format units than in the default output)."
5805 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:427
5806 msgid "B<hexdump> exits 0 on success and E<gt> 0 if an error occurred."
5810 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:430
5812 "The B<hexdump> utility is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 (\"POSIX.2\") "
5817 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:433
5818 msgid "Display the input in perusal format:"
5822 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:440
5825 " \"%06.6_ao \" 12/1 \"%3_u \"\n"
5826 " \"\\(rst\" \"%_p \"\n"
5831 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:445
5832 msgid "Implement the B<-x> option:"
5836 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:451
5839 " \"%07.7_Ax\\(rsn\"\n"
5840 " \"%07.7_ax \" 8/2 \"%04x \" \"\\(rsn\"\n"
5844 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:456
5846 "MBR Boot Signature example: Highlight the addresses cyan and the bytes at "
5847 "offsets 510 and 511 green if their value is 0xAA55, red otherwise."
5851 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:462
5854 " \"%07.7_Ax_L[cyan]\\(rsn\"\n"
5855 " \"%07.7_ax_L[cyan] \" 8/2 \" "
5856 "%04x_L[green:0xAA55@510-511,!red:0xAA55@510-511] \" \"\\(rsn\"\n"
5860 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:468
5862 "Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file "
5863 "I</etc/terminal-colors.d/hexdump.disable>."
5867 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:477
5869 "The B<hexdump> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
5874 #: original/man1/ionice.1:10
5880 #: original/man1/ionice.1:32
5881 msgid "ionice - set or get process I/O scheduling class and priority"
5885 #: original/man1/ionice.1:35
5886 msgid "B<ionice> [B<-c> I<class>] [B<-n> I<level>] [B<-t>] B<-p> I<PID>"
5890 #: original/man1/ionice.1:37
5891 msgid "B<ionice> [B<-c> I<class>] [B<-n> I<level>] [B<-t>] B<-P> I<PGID>"
5895 #: original/man1/ionice.1:39
5896 msgid "B<ionice> [B<-c> I<class>] [B<-n> I<level>] [B<-t>] B<-u> I<UID>"
5900 #: original/man1/ionice.1:41
5902 "B<ionice> [B<-c> I<class>] [B<-n> I<level>] [B<-t>] I<command> [argument] "
5907 #: original/man1/ionice.1:44
5909 "This program sets or gets the I/O scheduling class and priority for a "
5910 "program. If no arguments or just B<-p> is given, B<ionice> will query the "
5911 "current I/O scheduling class and priority for that process."
5915 #: original/man1/ionice.1:46
5917 "When I<command> is given, B<ionice> will run this command with the given "
5918 "arguments. If no I<class> is specified, then I<command> will be executed "
5919 "with the \"best-effort\" scheduling class. The default priority level is 4."
5923 #: original/man1/ionice.1:48
5924 msgid "As of this writing, a process can be in one of three scheduling classes:"
5928 #: original/man1/ionice.1:50
5933 #: original/man1/ionice.1:52
5935 "A program running with idle I/O priority will only get disk time when no "
5936 "other program has asked for disk I/O for a defined grace period. The impact "
5937 "of an idle I/O process on normal system activity should be zero. This "
5938 "scheduling class does not take a priority argument. Presently, this "
5939 "scheduling class is permitted for an ordinary user (since kernel 2.6.25)."
5943 #: original/man1/ionice.1:55
5944 msgid "B<Best-effort>"
5948 #: original/man1/ionice.1:57
5950 "This is the effective scheduling class for any process that has not asked "
5951 "for a specific I/O priority. This class takes a priority argument from "
5952 "I<0-7>, with a lower number being higher priority. Programs running at the "
5953 "same best-effort priority are served in a round-robin fashion."
5957 #: original/man1/ionice.1:59
5959 "Note that before kernel 2.6.26 a process that has not asked for an I/O "
5960 "priority formally uses \"B<none>\" as scheduling class, but the I/O "
5961 "scheduler will treat such processes as if it were in the best-effort "
5962 "class. The priority within the best-effort class will be dynamically derived "
5963 "from the CPU nice level of the process: io_priority = (cpu_nice + 20) / 5."
5967 #: original/man1/ionice.1:61
5969 "For kernels after 2.6.26 with the CFQ I/O scheduler, a process that has not "
5970 "asked for an I/O priority inherits its CPU scheduling class. The I/O "
5971 "priority is derived from the CPU nice level of the process (same as before "
5976 #: original/man1/ionice.1:64
5981 #: original/man1/ionice.1:66
5983 "The RT scheduling class is given first access to the disk, regardless of "
5984 "what else is going on in the system. Thus the RT class needs to be used with "
5985 "some care, as it can starve other processes. As with the best-effort class, "
5986 "8 priority levels are defined denoting how big a time slice a given process "
5987 "will receive on each scheduling window. This scheduling class is not "
5988 "permitted for an ordinary (i.e., non-root) user."
5992 #: original/man1/ionice.1:70
5993 msgid "B<-c>, B<--class> I<class>"
5997 #: original/man1/ionice.1:72
5999 "Specify the name or number of the scheduling class to use; \\f(CR0\\fR for "
6000 "none, \\f(CR1\\fR for realtime, \\f(CR2\\fR for best-effort, \\f(CR3\\fR for "
6005 #: original/man1/ionice.1:75
6006 msgid "B<-n>, B<--classdata> I<level>"
6010 #: original/man1/ionice.1:77
6012 "Specify the scheduling class data. This only has an effect if the class "
6013 "accepts an argument. For realtime and best-effort, I<0-7> are valid data "
6014 "(priority levels), and \\f(CR0\\fR represents the highest priority level."
6018 #: original/man1/ionice.1:80
6019 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pid> I<PID>..."
6023 #: original/man1/ionice.1:82
6025 "Specify the process IDs of running processes for which to get or set the "
6026 "scheduling parameters."
6030 #: original/man1/ionice.1:85
6031 msgid "B<-P>, B<--pgid> I<PGID>..."
6035 #: original/man1/ionice.1:87
6037 "Specify the process group IDs of running processes for which to get or set "
6038 "the scheduling parameters."
6042 #: original/man1/ionice.1:90
6043 msgid "B<-t>, B<--ignore>"
6047 #: original/man1/ionice.1:92
6049 "Ignore failure to set the requested priority. If I<command> was specified, "
6050 "run it even in case it was not possible to set the desired scheduling "
6051 "priority, which can happen due to insufficient privileges or an old kernel "
6056 #: original/man1/ionice.1:100
6057 msgid "B<-u>, B<--uid> I<UID>..."
6061 #: original/man1/ionice.1:102
6063 "Specify the user IDs of running processes for which to get or set the "
6064 "scheduling parameters."
6068 #: original/man1/ionice.1:111
6070 "Linux supports I/O scheduling priorities and classes since 2.6.13 with the "
6071 "CFQ I/O scheduler."
6075 #: original/man1/ionice.1:122
6076 msgid "# B<ionice> -c 3 -p 89"
6080 #: original/man1/ionice.1:125
6081 msgid "Sets process with PID 89 as an idle I/O process."
6085 #: original/man1/ionice.1:135
6086 msgid "# B<ionice> -c 2 -n 0 bash"
6090 #: original/man1/ionice.1:138
6091 msgid "Runs \\(aqbash\\(aq as a best-effort program with highest priority."
6095 #: original/man1/ionice.1:148
6096 msgid "# B<ionice> -p 89 91"
6100 #: original/man1/ionice.1:151
6101 msgid "Prints the class and priority of the processes with PID 89 and 91."
6105 #: original/man1/ionice.1:158
6106 msgid "B<ioprio_set>(2)"
6110 #: original/man1/ionice.1:165
6112 "The B<ionice> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
6117 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:10
6123 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:32
6124 msgid "ipcmk - make various IPC resources"
6128 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:35
6129 msgid "B<ipcmk> [options]"
6133 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:38
6135 "B<ipcmk> allows you to create System V inter-process communication (IPC) "
6136 "objects: shared memory segments, message queues, and semaphore arrays."
6140 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:41
6141 msgid "Resources can be specified with these options:"
6145 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:43
6146 msgid "B<-M>, B<--shmem> I<size>"
6150 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:45
6152 "Create a shared memory segment of I<size> bytes. The I<size> argument may be "
6153 "followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and "
6154 "so on for GiB, etc. (the \"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same "
6155 "meaning as \"KiB\") or the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on "
6160 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:48
6161 msgid "B<-Q>, B<--queue>"
6165 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:50
6166 msgid "Create a message queue."
6170 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:53
6171 msgid "B<-S>, B<--semaphore> I<number>"
6175 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:55
6176 msgid "Create a semaphore array with I<number> of elements."
6180 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:58
6181 msgid "Other options are:"
6185 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:60
6186 msgid "B<-p>, B<--mode> I<mode>"
6190 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:62
6191 msgid "Access permissions for the resource. Default is 0644."
6195 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:81
6196 msgid "B<ipcrm>(1), B<ipcs>(1), B<sysvipc>(7)"
6200 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:88
6202 "The B<ipcmk> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
6207 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:10
6213 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:32
6214 msgid "ipcrm - remove certain IPC resources"
6218 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:35
6219 msgid "B<ipcrm> [options]"
6223 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:37
6224 msgid "B<ipcrm> [B<shm>|B<msg>|B<sem>] I<ID> ..."
6228 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:40
6230 "B<ipcrm> removes System V inter-process communication (IPC) objects and "
6231 "associated data structures from the system. In order to delete such objects, "
6232 "you must be superuser, or the creator or owner of the object."
6236 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:42
6238 "System V IPC objects are of three types: shared memory, message queues, and "
6239 "semaphores. Deletion of a message queue or semaphore object is immediate "
6240 "(regardless of whether any process still holds an IPC identifier for the "
6241 "object). A shared memory object is only removed after all currently attached "
6242 "processes have detached (B<shmdt>(2)) the object from their virtual address "
6247 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:44
6249 "Two syntax styles are supported. The old Linux historical syntax specifies a "
6250 "three-letter keyword indicating which class of object is to be deleted, "
6251 "followed by one or more IPC identifiers for objects of this type."
6255 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:46
6257 "The SUS-compliant syntax allows the specification of zero or more objects of "
6258 "all three types in a single command line, with objects specified either by "
6259 "key or by identifier (see below). Both keys and identifiers may be specified "
6260 "in decimal, hexadecimal (specified with an initial \\(aq0x\\(aq or "
6261 "\\(aq0X\\(aq), or octal (specified with an initial \\(aq0\\(aq)."
6265 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:48
6267 "The details of the removes are described in B<shmctl>(2), B<msgctl>(2), and "
6268 "B<semctl>(2). The identifiers and keys can be found by using B<ipcs>(1)."
6272 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:51
6273 msgid "B<-a>, B<--all> [B<shm>] [B<msg>] [B<sem>]"
6277 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:53
6279 "Remove all resources. When an option argument is provided, the removal is "
6280 "performed only for the specified resource types."
6284 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:55
6286 "I<Warning!> Do not use B<-a> if you are unsure how the software using the "
6287 "resources might react to missing objects. Some programs create these "
6288 "resources at startup and may not have any code to deal with an unexpected "
6293 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:58
6294 msgid "B<-M>, B<--shmem-key> I<shmkey>"
6298 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:60
6300 "Remove the shared memory segment created with I<shmkey> after the last "
6301 "detach is performed."
6305 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:63
6306 msgid "B<-m>, B<--shmem-id> I<shmid>"
6310 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:65
6312 "Remove the shared memory segment identified by I<shmid> after the last "
6313 "detach is performed."
6317 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:68
6318 msgid "B<-Q>, B<--queue-key> I<msgkey>"
6322 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:70
6323 msgid "Remove the message queue created with I<msgkey>."
6327 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:73
6328 msgid "B<-q>, B<--queue-id> I<msgid>"
6332 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:75
6333 msgid "Remove the message queue identified by I<msgid>."
6337 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:78
6338 msgid "B<-S>, B<--semaphore-key> I<semkey>"
6342 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:80
6343 msgid "Remove the semaphore created with I<semkey>."
6347 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:83
6348 msgid "B<-s>, B<--semaphore-id> I<semid>"
6352 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:85
6353 msgid "Remove the semaphore identified by I<semid>."
6357 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:99
6359 "In its first Linux implementation, B<ipcrm> used the deprecated syntax shown "
6360 "in the second line of the B<SYNOPSIS>. Functionality present in other *nix "
6361 "implementations of B<ipcrm> has since been added, namely the ability to "
6362 "delete resources by key (not just identifier), and to respect the same "
6363 "command-line syntax. For backward compatibility the previous syntax is still "
6368 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:112
6370 "B<ipcmk>(1), B<ipcs>(1), B<msgctl>(2), B<msgget>(2), B<semctl>(2), "
6371 "B<semget>(2), B<shmctl>(2), B<shmdt>(2), B<shmget>(2), B<ftok>(3), "
6376 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:119
6378 "The B<ipcrm> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
6383 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:10
6389 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:32
6390 msgid "ipcs - show information on IPC facilities"
6394 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:35
6395 msgid "B<ipcs> [options]"
6399 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:38
6401 "B<ipcs> shows information on System V inter-process communication "
6402 "facilities. By default it shows information about all three resources: "
6403 "shared memory segments, message queues, and semaphore arrays."
6407 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:41 original/man1/lsipc.1:41
6408 msgid "B<-i>, B<--id> I<id>"
6412 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:43
6414 "Show full details on just the one resource element identified by I<id>. This "
6415 "option needs to be combined with one of the three resource options: B<-m>, "
6420 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:54 original/man1/lsipc.1:59
6422 msgid "Resource options"
6426 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:57 original/man1/lsipc.1:62
6427 msgid "B<-m>, B<--shmems>"
6431 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:59 original/man1/lsipc.1:64
6432 msgid "Write information about active shared memory segments."
6436 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:62 original/man1/lsipc.1:67
6437 msgid "B<-q>, B<--queues>"
6441 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:64 original/man1/lsipc.1:69
6442 msgid "Write information about active message queues."
6446 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:67 original/man1/lsipc.1:72
6447 msgid "B<-s>, B<--semaphores>"
6451 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:69 original/man1/lsipc.1:74
6452 msgid "Write information about active semaphore sets."
6456 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:72 original/man1/kill.1:97 original/man1/lscpu.1:51
6457 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:51 original/man1/nsenter.1:85
6458 msgid "B<-a>, B<--all>"
6462 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:74
6463 msgid "Write information about all three resources (default)."
6467 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:75
6469 msgid "Output formats"
6473 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:78
6474 msgid "Of these options only one takes effect: the last one specified."
6478 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:80 original/man1/lsipc.1:78
6479 msgid "B<-c>, B<--creator>"
6483 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:82 original/man1/lsipc.1:80
6484 msgid "Show creator and owner."
6488 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:85
6489 msgid "B<-l>, B<--limits>"
6493 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:87
6494 msgid "Show resource limits."
6498 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:92
6499 msgid "Show PIDs of creator and last operator."
6503 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:95 original/man1/lsipc.1:128 original/man1/uuidgen.1:50
6504 msgid "B<-t>, B<--time>"
6508 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:97 original/man1/lsipc.1:130
6510 "Write time information. The time of the last control operation that changed "
6511 "the access permissions for all facilities, the time of the last B<msgsnd>(2) "
6512 "and B<msgrcv>(2) operations on message queues, the time of the last "
6513 "B<shmat>(2) and B<shmdt>(2) operations on shared memory, and the time of the "
6514 "last B<semop>(2) operation on semaphores."
6518 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:100
6519 msgid "B<-u>, B<--summary>"
6523 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:102
6524 msgid "Show status summary."
6528 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:103
6530 msgid "Representation"
6534 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:106
6535 msgid "These affect only the B<-l> (B<--limits>) option."
6539 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:110
6540 msgid "Print sizes in bytes."
6544 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:113
6549 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:115
6550 msgid "Print sizes in human-readable format."
6554 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:119
6556 "The Linux B<ipcs> utility is not fully compatible to the POSIX B<ipcs> "
6557 "utility. The Linux version does not support the POSIX B<-a>, B<-b> and B<-o> "
6558 "options, but does support the B<-l> and B<-u> options not defined by "
6559 "POSIX. A portable application shall not use the B<-a>, B<-b>, B<-o>, B<-l>, "
6560 "and B<-u> options."
6564 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:122
6566 "The current implementation of B<ipcs> obtains information about available "
6567 "IPC resources by parsing the files in I</proc/sysvipc>. Before util-linux "
6568 "version v2.23, an alternate mechanism was used: the B<IPC_STAT> command of "
6569 "B<msgctl>(2), B<semctl>(2), and B<shmctl>(2). This mechanism is also used in "
6570 "later util-linux versions in the case where I</proc> is unavailable. A "
6571 "limitation of the B<IPC_STAT> mechanism is that it can only be used to "
6572 "retrieve information about IPC resources for which the user has read "
6577 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:137 original/man1/lsipc.1:176
6579 "B<ipcmk>(1), B<ipcrm>(1), B<msgrcv>(2), B<msgsnd>(2), B<semget>(2), "
6580 "B<semop>(2), B<shmat>(2), B<shmdt>(2), B<shmget>(2), B<sysvipc>(7)"
6584 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:144
6586 "The B<ipcs> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
6591 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:10
6597 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:32
6598 msgid "irqtop - utility to display kernel interrupt information"
6602 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:35
6603 msgid "B<irqtop> [options]"
6607 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:38
6608 msgid "Display kernel interrupt counter information in B<top>(1) style view."
6612 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:40 original/man1/lsirq.1:40
6614 "The default output is subject to change. So whenever possible, you should "
6615 "avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define "
6616 "expected columns by using B<--output>."
6620 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:45 original/man1/lsirq.1:50
6622 "Specify which output columns to print. Use B<--help> to get a list of all "
6623 "supported columns. The default list of columns may be extended if list is "
6624 "specified in the format I<+list>."
6628 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:48
6629 msgid "B<-d>, B<--delay> I<seconds>"
6633 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:50
6634 msgid "Update interrupt output every I<seconds> intervals."
6638 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:53 original/man1/lsirq.1:53
6639 msgid "B<-s>, B<--sort> I<column>"
6643 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:55
6645 "Specify sort criteria by column name. See B<--help> output to get column "
6646 "names. The sort criteria may be changes in interactive mode."
6650 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:58 original/man1/lsirq.1:68
6651 msgid "B<-S>, B<--softirq>"
6655 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:60 original/man1/lsirq.1:70
6656 msgid "Show softirqs information."
6660 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:71
6662 msgid "INTERACTIVE MODE KEY COMMANDS"
6666 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:74
6671 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:76
6672 msgid "sort by short irq name or number field"
6676 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:79
6681 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:81
6682 msgid "sort by total count of interrupts (the default)"
6686 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:84
6691 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:86
6692 msgid "sort by delta count of interrupts"
6696 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:89 original/man1/mesg.1:45 original/man1/more.1:171
6701 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:91
6702 msgid "sort by long descriptive name field"
6706 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:94
6711 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:96
6712 msgid "stop updates and exit program"
6716 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:109
6718 "The B<irqtop> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
6723 #: original/man1/kill.1:10
6729 #: original/man1/kill.1:32
6730 msgid "kill - terminate a process"
6734 #: original/man1/kill.1:35
6736 "B<kill> [-signal|B<-s> I<signal>|B<-p>] [B<-q> I<value>] [B<-a>] "
6737 "[B<--timeout> I<milliseconds> I<signal>] [B<-->] I<pid>|I<name>..."
6741 #: original/man1/kill.1:37
6742 msgid "B<kill> B<-l> [I<number>] | B<-L>"
6746 #: original/man1/kill.1:40
6748 "The command B<kill> sends the specified I<signal> to the specified processes "
6749 "or process groups."
6753 #: original/man1/kill.1:42
6755 "If no signal is specified, the TERM signal is sent. The default action for "
6756 "this signal is to terminate the process. This signal should be used in "
6757 "preference to the KILL signal (number 9), since a process may install a "
6758 "handler for the TERM signal in order to perform clean-up steps before "
6759 "terminating in an orderly fashion. If a process does not terminate after a "
6760 "TERM signal has been sent, then the KILL signal may be used; be aware that "
6761 "the latter signal cannot be caught, and so does not give the target process "
6762 "the opportunity to perform any clean-up before terminating."
6766 #: original/man1/kill.1:44
6768 "Most modern shells have a builtin B<kill> command, with a usage rather "
6769 "similar to that of the command described here. The B<--all>, B<--pid>, and "
6770 "B<--queue> options, and the possibility to specify processes by command "
6771 "name, are local extensions."
6775 #: original/man1/kill.1:46
6777 "If I<signal> is 0, then no actual signal is sent, but error checking is "
6782 #: original/man1/kill.1:49
6783 msgid "The list of processes to be signaled can be a mixture of names and PIDs."
6787 #: original/man1/kill.1:51
6792 #: original/man1/kill.1:53
6793 msgid "Each I<pid> can be expressed in one of the following ways:"
6797 #: original/man1/kill.1:55
6802 #: original/man1/kill.1:57
6803 msgid "where I<n> is larger than 0. The process with PID I<n> is signaled."
6807 #: original/man1/kill.1:60 original/man1/kill.1:140 original/man1/mesg.1:76
6808 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:76 original/man1/rename.1:91
6813 #: original/man1/kill.1:62
6814 msgid "All processes in the current process group are signaled."
6818 #: original/man1/kill.1:65
6823 #: original/man1/kill.1:67
6824 msgid "All processes with a PID larger than 1 are signaled."
6828 #: original/man1/kill.1:70
6833 #: original/man1/kill.1:72
6835 "where I<n> is larger than 1. All processes in process group I<n> are "
6836 "signaled. When an argument of the form \\(aq-n\\(aq is given, and it is "
6837 "meant to denote a process group, either a signal must be specified first, or "
6838 "the argument must be preceded by a \\(aq--\\(aq option, otherwise it will be "
6839 "taken as the signal to send."
6843 #: original/man1/kill.1:76
6848 #: original/man1/kill.1:78
6849 msgid "All processes invoked using this I<name> will be signaled."
6853 #: original/man1/kill.1:82
6854 msgid "B<-s>, B<--signal> I<signal>"
6858 #: original/man1/kill.1:84
6859 msgid "The signal to send. It may be given as a name or a number."
6863 #: original/man1/kill.1:87
6864 msgid "B<-l>, B<--list> [I<number>]"
6868 #: original/man1/kill.1:89
6870 "Print a list of signal names, or convert the given signal number to a "
6871 "name. The signals can be found in I</usr/include/linux/signal.h>."
6875 #: original/man1/kill.1:92
6876 msgid "B<-L>, B<--table>"
6880 #: original/man1/kill.1:94
6882 "Similar to B<-l>, but it will print signal names and their corresponding "
6887 #: original/man1/kill.1:99
6889 "Do not restrict the command-name-to-PID conversion to processes with the "
6890 "same UID as the present process."
6894 #: original/man1/kill.1:104
6896 "Only print the process ID (PID) of the named processes, do not send any "
6901 #: original/man1/kill.1:109
6902 msgid "Print PID(s) that will be signaled with B<kill> along with the signal."
6906 #: original/man1/kill.1:112
6907 msgid "B<-q>, B<--queue> I<value>"
6911 #: original/man1/kill.1:114
6913 "Send the signal using B<sigqueue>(3) rather than B<kill>(2). The I<value> "
6914 "argument is an integer that is sent along with the signal. If the receiving "
6915 "process has installed a handler for this signal using the B<SA_SIGINFO> flag "
6916 "to B<sigaction>(2), then it can obtain this data via the I<si_sigval> field "
6917 "of the I<siginfo_t> structure."
6921 #: original/man1/kill.1:117
6922 msgid "B<--timeout> I<milliseconds signal>"
6926 #: original/man1/kill.1:119
6928 "Send a signal defined in the usual way to a process, followed by an "
6929 "additional signal after a specified delay. The B<--timeout> option causes "
6930 "B<kill> to wait for a period defined in I<milliseconds> before sending a "
6931 "follow-up I<signal> to the process. This feature is implemented using the "
6932 "Linux kernel PID file descriptor feature in order to guarantee that the "
6933 "follow-up signal is sent to the same process or not sent if the process no "
6938 #: original/man1/kill.1:121
6940 "Note that the operating system may re-use PIDs and implementing an "
6941 "equivalent feature in a shell using B<kill> and B<sleep> would be subject to "
6942 "races whereby the follow-up signal might be sent to a different process that "
6943 "used a recycled PID."
6947 #: original/man1/kill.1:123
6949 "The B<--timeout> option can be specified multiple times: the signals are "
6950 "sent sequentially with the specified timeouts. The B<--timeout> option can "
6951 "be combined with the B<--queue> option."
6955 #: original/man1/kill.1:125
6957 "As an example, the following command sends the signals QUIT, TERM and KILL "
6958 "in sequence and waits for 1000 milliseconds between sending the signals:"
6962 #: original/man1/kill.1:131
6965 "kill --verbose --timeout 1000 TERM --timeout 1000 KILL \\(rs\n"
6966 " --signal QUIT 12345\n"
6970 #: original/man1/kill.1:138
6971 msgid "B<kill> has the following exit status values:"
6975 #: original/man1/kill.1:142
6980 #: original/man1/kill.1:145 original/man1/mesg.1:81
6981 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:81 original/man1/rename.1:96
6986 #: original/man1/kill.1:147
6991 #: original/man1/kill.1:150 original/man1/rename.1:111
6996 #: original/man1/kill.1:152
6997 msgid "partial success (when more than one process specified)"
7001 #: original/man1/kill.1:156
7003 "Although it is possible to specify the TID (thread ID, see B<gettid>(2)) of "
7004 "one of the threads in a multithreaded process as the argument of B<kill>, "
7005 "the signal is nevertheless directed to the process (i.e., the entire thread "
7006 "group). In other words, it is not possible to send a signal to an explicitly "
7007 "selected thread in a multithreaded process. The signal will be delivered to "
7008 "an arbitrarily selected thread in the target process that is not blocking "
7009 "the signal. For more details, see B<signal>(7) and the description of "
7010 "B<CLONE_THREAD> in B<clone>(2)."
7014 #: original/man1/kill.1:158
7016 "Various shells provide a builtin B<kill> command that is preferred in "
7017 "relation to the B<kill>(1) executable described by this manual. The easiest "
7018 "way to ensure one is executing the command described in this page is to use "
7019 "the full path when calling the command, for example: B</bin/kill --version>"
7023 #: original/man1/kill.1:164
7024 msgid "The original version was taken from BSD 4.4."
7028 #: original/man1/kill.1:172
7030 "B<bash>(1), B<tcsh>(1), B<sigaction>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), "
7035 #: original/man1/kill.1:179
7037 "The B<kill> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
7042 #: original/man1/last.1:10
7048 #: original/man1/last.1:32
7049 msgid "last, lastb - show a listing of last logged in users"
7053 #: original/man1/last.1:35
7054 msgid "B<last> [options] [I<username>...] [I<tty>...]"
7058 #: original/man1/last.1:37
7059 msgid "B<lastb> [options] [I<username>...] [I<tty>...]"
7063 #: original/man1/last.1:40
7065 "B<last> searches back through the I</var/log/wtmp> file (or the file "
7066 "designated by the B<-f> option) and displays a list of all users logged in "
7067 "(and out) since that file was created. One or more I<usernames> and/or "
7068 "I<ttys> can be given, in which case B<last> will show only the entries "
7069 "matching those arguments. Names of I<ttys> can be abbreviated, thus B<last "
7070 "0> is the same as B<last tty0>."
7074 #: original/man1/last.1:42
7076 "When catching a B<SIGINT> signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually "
7077 "control-C) or a SIGQUIT signal, B<last> will show how far it has searched "
7078 "through the file; in the case of the B<SIGINT> signal B<last> will then "
7083 #: original/man1/last.1:44
7085 "The pseudo user B<reboot> logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus "
7086 "B<last reboot> will show a log of all the reboots since the log file was "
7091 #: original/man1/last.1:46
7093 "B<lastb> is the same as B<last>, except that by default it shows a log of "
7094 "the I</var/log/btmp> file, which contains all the bad login attempts."
7098 #: original/man1/last.1:49
7099 msgid "B<-a>, B<--hostlast>"
7103 #: original/man1/last.1:51
7105 "Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the "
7110 #: original/man1/last.1:54
7111 msgid "B<-d>, B<--dns>"
7115 #: original/man1/last.1:56
7117 "For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote "
7118 "host, but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number back "
7123 #: original/man1/last.1:59 original/man1/logger.1:55 original/man1/mcookie.1:50
7124 msgid "B<-f>, B<--file> I<file>"
7128 #: original/man1/last.1:61
7130 "Tell B<last> to use a specific I<file> instead of I</var/log/wtmp>. The "
7131 "B<--file> option can be given multiple times, and all of the specified files "
7132 "will be processed."
7136 #: original/man1/last.1:64
7137 msgid "B<-F>, B<--fulltimes>"
7141 #: original/man1/last.1:66
7142 msgid "Print full login and logout times and dates."
7146 #: original/man1/last.1:69
7147 msgid "B<-i>, B<--ip>"
7151 #: original/man1/last.1:71
7152 msgid "Like B<--dns ,> but displays the host\\(cqs IP number instead of the name."
7156 #: original/man1/last.1:74
7157 msgid "B<->I<number>; B<-n>, B<--limit> I<number>"
7161 #: original/man1/last.1:76
7162 msgid "Tell B<last> how many lines to show."
7166 #: original/man1/last.1:79
7167 msgid "B<-p>, B<--present> I<time>"
7171 #: original/man1/last.1:81
7173 "Display the users who were present at the specified time. This is like using "
7174 "the options B<--since> and B<--until> together with the same I<time>."
7178 #: original/man1/last.1:84
7179 msgid "B<-R>, B<--nohostname>"
7183 #: original/man1/last.1:86
7184 msgid "Suppresses the display of the hostname field."
7188 #: original/man1/last.1:89
7189 msgid "B<-s>, B<--since> I<time>"
7193 #: original/man1/last.1:91
7195 "Display the state of logins since the specified I<time>. This is useful, "
7196 "e.g., to easily determine who was logged in at a particular time. The option "
7197 "is often combined with B<--until>."
7201 #: original/man1/last.1:94
7202 msgid "B<-t>, B<--until> I<time>"
7206 #: original/man1/last.1:96
7207 msgid "Display the state of logins until the specified I<time>."
7211 #: original/man1/last.1:101
7213 "Define the output timestamp I<format> to be one of I<notime>, I<short>, "
7214 "I<full>, or I<iso>. The I<notime> variant will not print any timestamps at "
7215 "all, I<short> is the default, and I<full> is the same as the B<--fulltimes> "
7216 "option. The I<iso> variant will display the timestamp in ISO-8601 "
7217 "format. The ISO format contains timezone information, making it preferable "
7218 "when printouts are investigated outside of the system."
7222 #: original/man1/last.1:104
7223 msgid "B<-w>, B<--fullnames>"
7227 #: original/man1/last.1:106
7228 msgid "Display full user names and domain names in the output."
7232 #: original/man1/last.1:109
7233 msgid "B<-x>, B<--system>"
7237 #: original/man1/last.1:111
7238 msgid "Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes."
7242 #: original/man1/last.1:112
7244 msgid "TIME FORMATS"
7248 #: original/man1/last.1:115
7249 msgid "The options that take the I<time> argument understand the following formats:"
7253 #: original/man1/last.1:121
7255 msgid "YYYYMMDDhhmmss"
7259 #: original/man1/last.1:128
7261 msgid "YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss"
7265 #: original/man1/last.1:135
7267 msgid "YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm"
7271 #: original/man1/last.1:138
7273 msgid "(seconds will be set to 00)"
7277 #: original/man1/last.1:142
7283 #: original/man1/last.1:145
7285 msgid "(time will be set to 00:00:00)"
7289 #: original/man1/last.1:149
7295 #: original/man1/last.1:152
7297 msgid "(date will be set to today)"
7301 #: original/man1/last.1:156
7307 #: original/man1/last.1:159
7309 msgid "(date will be set to today, seconds to 00)"
7313 #: original/man1/last.1:163
7319 #: original/man1/last.1:170
7325 #: original/man1/last.1:173 original/man1/last.1:180 original/man1/last.1:187
7327 msgid "(time is set to 00:00:00)"
7331 #: original/man1/last.1:177
7337 #: original/man1/last.1:184
7343 #: original/man1/last.1:191
7349 #: original/man1/last.1:198
7355 #: original/man1/last.1:204 original/man1/login.1:177 original/man1/look.1:81
7356 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:75 original/man1/mesg.1:89 original/man1/newgrp.1:40
7357 #: original/man1/renice.1:69 original/man1/runuser.1:241 original/man1/su.1:249
7363 #: original/man1/last.1:208
7364 msgid "I</var/log/wtmp>, I</var/log/btmp>"
7368 #: original/man1/last.1:211
7370 "The files I<wtmp> and I<btmp> might not be found. The system only logs "
7371 "information in these files if they are present. This is a local "
7372 "configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be created "
7373 "with a simple B<touch>(1) command (for example, B<touch /var/log/wtmp>)."
7377 #: original/man1/last.1:220
7378 msgid "B<login>(1), B<wtmp>(5), B<init>(8), B<shutdown>(8)"
7382 #: original/man1/last.1:227
7384 "The B<last> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
7389 #: original/man1/line.1:10
7395 #: original/man1/line.1:32
7396 msgid "line - read one line"
7400 #: original/man1/line.1:35
7405 #: original/man1/line.1:38
7407 "The utility B<line> copies one line (up to a newline) from standard input to "
7408 "standard output. It always prints at least a newline and returns an exit "
7409 "status of 1 on EOF or read error."
7413 #: original/man1/line.1:41
7418 #: original/man1/line.1:48
7420 "The B<line> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
7425 #: original/man1/logger.1:10
7431 #: original/man1/logger.1:32
7432 msgid "logger - enter messages into the system log"
7436 #: original/man1/logger.1:35
7437 msgid "B<logger> [options] I<message>"
7441 #: original/man1/logger.1:38
7442 msgid "B<logger> makes entries in the system log."
7446 #: original/man1/logger.1:40
7448 "When the optional I<message> argument is present, it is written to the "
7449 "log. If it is not present, and the B<-f> option is not given either, then "
7450 "standard input is logged."
7454 #: original/man1/logger.1:43
7455 msgid "B<-d>, B<--udp>"
7459 #: original/man1/logger.1:45
7461 "Use datagrams (UDP) only. By default the connection is tried to the syslog "
7462 "port defined in I</etc/services>, which is often 514."
7466 #: original/man1/logger.1:47 original/man1/logger.1:227
7467 msgid "See also B<--server> and B<--socket> to specify where to connect."
7471 #: original/man1/logger.1:50
7472 msgid "B<-e>, B<--skip-empty>"
7476 #: original/man1/logger.1:52
7478 "Ignore empty lines when processing files. An empty line is defined to be a "
7479 "line without any characters. Thus a line consisting only of whitespace is "
7480 "NOT considered empty. Note that when the B<--prio-prefix> option is "
7481 "specified, the priority is not part of the line. Thus an empty line in this "
7482 "mode is a line that does not have any characters after the priority prefix "
7483 "(e.g., B<E<lt>13E<gt>>)."
7487 #: original/man1/logger.1:57
7489 "Log the contents of the specified I<file>. This option cannot be combined "
7490 "with a command-line message."
7494 #: original/man1/logger.1:60
7499 #: original/man1/logger.1:62
7500 msgid "Log the PID of the B<logger> process with each line."
7504 #: original/man1/logger.1:65
7505 msgid "B<--id>[B<=>I<id>]"
7509 #: original/man1/logger.1:67
7511 "Log the PID of the B<logger> process with each line. When the optional "
7512 "argument I<id> is specified, then it is used instead of the B<logger> "
7513 "command\\(cqs PID. The use of B<--id=$$> (PPID) is recommended in scripts "
7514 "that send several messages."
7518 #: original/man1/logger.1:69
7520 "Note that the system logging infrastructure (for example B<systemd> when "
7521 "listening on I</dev/log>) may follow local socket credentials to overwrite "
7522 "the PID specified in the message. B<logger>(1) is able to set those socket "
7523 "credentials to the given I<id>, but only if you have root permissions and a "
7524 "process with the specified PID exists, otherwise the socket credentials are "
7525 "not modified and the problem is silently ignored."
7529 #: original/man1/logger.1:72
7530 msgid "B<--journald>[B<=>I<file>]"
7534 #: original/man1/logger.1:74
7536 "Write a systemd journal entry. The entry is read from the given I<file>, "
7537 "when specified, otherwise from standard input. Each line must begin with a "
7538 "field that is accepted by journald; see B<systemd.journal-fields>(7) for "
7539 "details. The use of a MESSAGE_ID field is generally a good idea, as it makes "
7540 "finding entries easy. Examples:"
7544 #: original/man1/logger.1:87
7547 "logger --journald E<lt>E<lt>end\n"
7548 "MESSAGE_ID=67feb6ffbaf24c5cbec13c008dd72309\n"
7549 "MESSAGE=The dogs bark, but the caravan goes on.\n"
7556 #: original/man1/logger.1:95
7558 msgid "logger --journald=entry.txt\n"
7562 #: original/man1/logger.1:103
7564 "Notice that B<--journald> will ignore values of other options, such as "
7565 "priority. If priority is needed it must be within input, and use PRIORITY "
7566 "field. The simple execution of B<journalctl>(1) will display MESSAGE "
7567 "field. Use B<journalctl --output json-pretty> to see rest of the fields."
7571 #: original/man1/logger.1:106
7573 "+ To include newlines in MESSAGE, specify MESSAGE several times. This is "
7574 "handled as a special case, other fields will be stored as an array in the "
7575 "journal if they appear multiple times."
7579 #: original/man1/logger.1:108
7580 msgid "B<--msgid> I<msgid>"
7584 #: original/man1/logger.1:110
7589 #: original/man1/logger.1:112
7591 "MSGID field. Note that the space character is not permitted inside of "
7592 "I<msgid>. This option is only used if B<--rfc5424> is specified as well; "
7593 "otherwise, it is silently ignored."
7597 #: original/man1/logger.1:115
7598 msgid "B<-n>, B<--server> I<server>"
7602 #: original/man1/logger.1:117
7604 "Write to the specified remote syslog I<server> instead of to the system log "
7605 "socket. Unless B<--udp> or B<--tcp> is specified, B<logger> will first try "
7606 "to use UDP, but if this fails a TCP connection is attempted."
7610 #: original/man1/logger.1:120
7615 #: original/man1/logger.1:122
7617 "Causes everything to be done except for writing the log message to the "
7618 "system log, and removing the connection or the journal. This option can be "
7619 "used together with B<--stderr> for testing purposes."
7623 #: original/man1/logger.1:125
7624 msgid "B<--octet-count>"
7628 #: original/man1/logger.1:127 original/man1/logger.1:153
7629 #: original/man1/logger.1:160
7634 #: original/man1/logger.1:129
7636 "octet counting framing method for sending messages. When this option is not "
7637 "used, the default is no framing on UDP, and RFC6587 non-transparent framing "
7638 "(also known as octet stuffing) on TCP."
7642 #: original/man1/logger.1:132
7643 msgid "B<-P>, B<--port> I<port>"
7647 #: original/man1/logger.1:134
7649 "Use the specified I<port>. When this option is not specified, the port "
7650 "defaults to syslog for udp and to syslog-conn for tcp connections."
7654 #: original/man1/logger.1:137
7655 msgid "B<-p>, B<--priority> I<priority>"
7659 #: original/man1/logger.1:139
7661 "Enter the message into the log with the specified I<priority>. The priority "
7662 "may be specified numerically or as a I<facility>.I<level> pair. For example, "
7663 "B<-p local3.info> logs the message as informational in the local3 "
7664 "facility. The default is B<user.notice>."
7668 #: original/man1/logger.1:142
7669 msgid "B<--prio-prefix>"
7673 #: original/man1/logger.1:144
7675 "Look for a syslog prefix on every line read from standard input. This prefix "
7676 "is a decimal number within angle brackets that encodes both the facility and "
7677 "the level. The number is constructed by multiplying the facility by 8 and "
7678 "then adding the level. For example, B<local0.info>, meaning facility=16 and "
7679 "level=6, becomes B<E<lt>134E<gt>>."
7683 #: original/man1/logger.1:146
7685 "If the prefix contains no facility, the facility defaults to what is "
7686 "specified by the B<-p> option. Similarly, if no prefix is provided, the line "
7687 "is logged using the I<priority> given with B<-p>."
7691 #: original/man1/logger.1:148
7692 msgid "This option doesn\\(cqt affect a command-line message."
7696 #: original/man1/logger.1:151
7697 msgid "B<--rfc3164>"
7701 #: original/man1/logger.1:155
7702 msgid "BSD syslog protocol to submit messages to a remote server."
7706 #: original/man1/logger.1:158
7707 msgid "B<--rfc5424>[B<=>I<without>]"
7711 #: original/man1/logger.1:162
7713 "syslog protocol to submit messages to a remote server. The optional "
7714 "I<without> argument can be a comma-separated list of the following values: "
7715 "B<notq>, B<notime>, B<nohost>."
7719 #: original/man1/logger.1:164
7721 "The B<notq> value suppresses the time-quality structured data from the "
7722 "submitted message. The time-quality information shows whether the local "
7723 "clock was synchronized plus the maximum number of microseconds the timestamp "
7724 "might be off. The time quality is also automatically suppressed when "
7725 "B<--sd-id timeQuality> is specified."
7729 #: original/man1/logger.1:166
7731 "The B<notime> value (which implies B<notq>) suppresses the complete sender "
7732 "timestamp that is in ISO-8601 format, including microseconds and timezone."
7736 #: original/man1/logger.1:168
7738 "The B<nohost> value suppresses B<gethostname>(2) information from the "
7743 #: original/man1/logger.1:170
7744 msgid "The RFC 5424 protocol has been the default for B<logger> since version 2.26."
7748 #: original/man1/logger.1:173
7749 msgid "B<-s>, B<--stderr>"
7753 #: original/man1/logger.1:175
7754 msgid "Output the message to standard error as well as to the system log."
7758 #: original/man1/logger.1:178
7759 msgid "B<--sd-id> I<name>[B<@>I<digits>]"
7763 #: original/man1/logger.1:180
7765 "Specifies a structured data element ID for an RFC 5424 message header. The "
7766 "option has to be used before B<--sd-param> to introduce a new element. The "
7767 "number of structured data elements is unlimited. The ID (I<name> plus "
7768 "possibly B<@>I<digits>) is case-sensitive and uniquely identifies the type "
7769 "and purpose of the element. The same ID must not exist more than once in a "
7770 "message. The B<@>I<digits> part is required for user-defined "
7771 "non-standardized IDs."
7775 #: original/man1/logger.1:182
7777 "B<logger> currently generates the B<timeQuality> standardized element "
7778 "only. RFC 5424 also describes the elements B<origin> (with parameters ip, "
7779 "enterpriseId, software and swVersion) and B<meta> (with parameters "
7780 "sequenceId, sysUpTime and language). These element IDs may be specified "
7781 "without the B<@>I<digits> suffix."
7785 #: original/man1/logger.1:185
7786 msgid "B<--sd-param> I<name>=I<value>"
7790 #: original/man1/logger.1:187
7792 "Specifies a structured data element parameter, a name and value pair. The "
7793 "option has to be used after B<--sd-id> and may be specified more than once "
7794 "for the same element. Note that the quotation marks around I<value> are "
7795 "required and must be escaped on the command line."
7799 #: original/man1/logger.1:197
7802 " logger --rfc5424 --sd-id zoo@123 \\(rs\n"
7803 " --sd-param tiger=\"hungry\" \\(rs\n"
7804 " --sd-param zebra=\"running\" \\(rs\n"
7805 " --sd-id manager@123 \\(rs\n"
7806 " --sd-param onMeeting=\"yes\" \\(rs\n"
7807 " \"this is message\"\n"
7811 #: original/man1/logger.1:202
7816 #: original/man1/logger.1:204
7818 "B<E<lt>13E<gt>1 2015-10-01T14:07:59.168662+02:00 ws kzak - - [timeQuality "
7819 "tzKnown=\"1\" isSynced=\"1\" syncAccuracy=\"218616\"][zoo@123 "
7820 "tiger=\"hungry\" zebra=\"running\"][manager@123 onMeeting=\"yes\"] this is "
7825 #: original/man1/logger.1:207
7826 msgid "B<-S>, B<--size> I<size>"
7830 #: original/man1/logger.1:209
7832 "Sets the maximum permitted message size to I<size>. The default is 1KiB "
7833 "characters, which is the limit traditionally used and specified in RFC "
7834 "3164. With RFC 5424, this limit has become flexible. A good assumption is "
7835 "that RFC 5424 receivers can at least process 4KiB messages."
7839 #: original/man1/logger.1:211
7841 "Most receivers accept messages larger than 1KiB over any type of syslog "
7842 "protocol. As such, the B<--size> option affects B<logger> in all cases (not "
7843 "only when B<--rfc5424> was used)."
7847 #: original/man1/logger.1:213
7849 "Note: the message-size limit limits the overall message size, including the "
7850 "syslog header. Header sizes vary depending on the selected options and the "
7851 "hostname length. As a rule of thumb, headers are usually not longer than 50 "
7852 "to 80 characters. When selecting a maximum message size, it is important to "
7853 "ensure that the receiver supports the max size as well, otherwise messages "
7854 "may become truncated. Again, as a rule of thumb two to four KiB message size "
7855 "should generally be OK, whereas anything larger should be verified to work."
7859 #: original/man1/logger.1:216
7860 msgid "B<--socket-errors>[B<=>I<mode>]"
7864 #: original/man1/logger.1:218
7866 "Print errors about Unix socket connections. The I<mode> can be a value of "
7867 "B<off>, B<on>, or B<auto>. When the mode is B<auto>, then B<logger> will "
7868 "detect if the init process is B<systemd>(1), and if so assumption is made "
7869 "I</dev/log> can be used early at boot. Other init systems lack of "
7870 "I</dev/log> will not cause errors that is identical with messaging using "
7871 "B<openlog>(3) system call. The B<logger>(1) before version 2.26 used "
7872 "openlog, and hence was unable to detected loss of messages sent to Unix "
7877 #: original/man1/logger.1:220
7879 "The default mode is B<auto>. When errors are not enabled lost messages are "
7880 "not communicated and will result to successful exit status of B<logger>(1) "
7885 #: original/man1/logger.1:223
7886 msgid "B<-T>, B<--tcp>"
7890 #: original/man1/logger.1:225
7892 "Use stream (TCP) only. By default the connection is tried to the "
7893 "I<syslog-conn> port defined in I</etc/services>, which is often I<601>."
7897 #: original/man1/logger.1:230
7898 msgid "B<-t>, B<--tag> I<tag>"
7902 #: original/man1/logger.1:232
7904 "Mark every line to be logged with the specified I<tag>. The default tag is "
7905 "the name of the user logged in on the terminal (or a user name based on "
7906 "effective user ID)."
7910 #: original/man1/logger.1:235
7911 msgid "B<-u>, B<--socket> I<socket>"
7915 #: original/man1/logger.1:237
7916 msgid "Write to the specified I<socket> instead of to the system log socket."
7920 #: original/man1/logger.1:240
7925 #: original/man1/logger.1:242
7927 "End the argument list. This allows the I<message> to start with a hyphen "
7932 #: original/man1/logger.1:256
7933 msgid "The B<logger> utility exits 0 on success, and E<gt>0 if an error occurs."
7937 #: original/man1/logger.1:256
7939 msgid "FACILITIES AND LEVELS"
7943 #: original/man1/logger.1:259
7944 msgid "Valid facility names are:"
7948 #: original/man1/logger.1:261
7953 #: original/man1/logger.1:263
7954 msgid "B<authpriv> for security information of a sensitive nature"
7958 #: original/man1/logger.1:265
7963 #: original/man1/logger.1:268
7968 #: original/man1/logger.1:270
7973 #: original/man1/logger.1:272
7975 "B<kern> cannot be generated from userspace process, automatically converted "
7980 #: original/man1/logger.1:275
7985 #: original/man1/logger.1:277
7990 #: original/man1/logger.1:279
7995 #: original/man1/logger.1:281
8000 #: original/man1/logger.1:283
8005 #: original/man1/logger.1:285
8010 #: original/man1/logger.1:287
8015 #: original/man1/logger.1:289
8020 #: original/man1/logger.1:291
8025 #: original/man1/logger.1:293
8026 msgid "B<security> deprecated synonym for B<auth>"
8030 #: original/man1/logger.1:295
8031 msgid "Valid level names are:"
8035 #: original/man1/logger.1:297
8040 #: original/man1/logger.1:305
8045 #: original/man1/logger.1:307
8050 #: original/man1/logger.1:309
8055 #: original/man1/logger.1:311
8060 #: original/man1/logger.1:313
8061 msgid "B<panic> deprecated synonym for B<emerg>"
8065 #: original/man1/logger.1:315
8066 msgid "B<error> deprecated synonym for B<err>"
8070 #: original/man1/logger.1:317
8071 msgid "B<warn> deprecated synonym for B<warning>"
8075 #: original/man1/logger.1:320
8077 "For the priority order and intended purposes of these facilities and levels, "
8082 #: original/man1/logger.1:323
8084 "The B<logger> command is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 (\"POSIX.2\") "
8089 #: original/man1/logger.1:326
8091 "B<logger System rebooted> B<logger -p local0.notice -t HOSTIDM -f /dev/idmc> "
8092 "B<logger -n loghost.example.com System rebooted>"
8096 #: original/man1/logger.1:329
8098 "The B<logger> command was originally written by University of California in "
8099 "1983-1993 and later rewritten by"
8103 #: original/man1/logger.1:338
8104 msgid "B<journalctl>(1), B<syslog>(3), B<systemd.journal-fields>(7)"
8108 #: original/man1/logger.1:345
8110 "The B<logger> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
8115 #: original/man1/login.1:10
8121 #: original/man1/login.1:32
8122 msgid "login - begin session on the system"
8126 #: original/man1/login.1:35
8127 msgid "B<login> [B<-p>] [B<-h> I<host>] [B<-H>] [B<-f> I<username>|I<username>]"
8131 #: original/man1/login.1:38
8133 "B<login> is used when signing onto a system. If no argument is given, "
8134 "B<login> prompts for the username."
8138 #: original/man1/login.1:40
8140 "The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
8141 "disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a number of password "
8142 "failures are permitted before B<login> exits and the communications link is "
8143 "severed. See B<LOGIN_RETRIES> in CONFIG FILE ITEMS section."
8147 #: original/man1/login.1:42
8149 "If password aging has been enabled for the account, the user may be prompted "
8150 "for a new password before proceeding. In such case old password must be "
8151 "provided and the new password entered before continuing. Please refer to "
8152 "B<passwd>(1) for more information."
8156 #: original/man1/login.1:44
8158 "The user and group ID will be set according to their values in the "
8159 "I</etc/passwd> file. There is one exception if the user ID is zero. In this "
8160 "case, only the primary group ID of the account is set. This should allow the "
8161 "system administrator to login even in case of network problems. The "
8162 "environment variable values for B<$HOME>, B<$USER>, B<$SHELL>, B<$PATH>, "
8163 "B<$LOGNAME>, and B<$MAIL> are set according to the appropriate fields in the "
8164 "password entry. B<$PATH> defaults to I</usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin> for "
8165 "normal users, and to "
8166 "I</usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin> for root, if "
8167 "not otherwise configured."
8171 #: original/man1/login.1:46
8173 "The environment variable B<$TERM> will be preserved, if it exists, else it "
8174 "will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty. Other environment "
8175 "variables are preserved if the B<-p> option is given."
8179 #: original/man1/login.1:48
8181 "Then the user\\(cqs shell is started. If no shell is specified for the user "
8182 "in I</etc/passwd>, then I</bin/sh> is used. If there is no home directory "
8183 "specified in I</etc/passwd>, then I</> is used, followed by I<.hushlogin> "
8184 "check as described below."
8188 #: original/man1/login.1:50
8190 "If the file I<.hushlogin> exists, then a \"quiet\" login is performed. This "
8191 "disables the checking of mail and the printing of the last login time and "
8192 "message of the day. Otherwise, if I</var/log/lastlog> exists, the last login "
8193 "time is printed, and the current login is recorded."
8197 #: original/man1/login.1:53
8202 #: original/man1/login.1:55
8203 msgid "Used by B<getty>(8) to tell B<login> to preserve the environment."
8207 #: original/man1/login.1:58 original/man1/pg.1:72 original/man1/whereis.1:98
8212 #: original/man1/login.1:60
8214 "Used to skip a login authentication. This option is usually used by the "
8215 "B<getty>(8) autologin feature."
8219 #: original/man1/login.1:63
8224 #: original/man1/login.1:65
8226 "Used by other servers (such as B<telnetd>(8) to pass the name of the remote "
8227 "host to B<login> so that it can be placed in utmp and wtmp. Only the "
8228 "superuser is allowed use this option."
8232 #: original/man1/login.1:67
8234 "Note that the B<-h> option has an impact on the B<PAM service> B<name>. The "
8235 "standard service name is I<login>, but with the B<-h> option, the name is "
8236 "I<remote>. It is necessary to create proper PAM config files (for example, "
8237 "I</etc/pam.d/login> and I</etc/pam.d/remote>)."
8241 #: original/man1/login.1:70
8246 #: original/man1/login.1:72
8248 "Used by other servers (for example, B<telnetd>(8)) to tell B<login> that "
8249 "printing the hostname should be suppressed in the login: prompt. See also "
8250 "B<LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT> below."
8254 #: original/man1/login.1:75 original/man1/more.1:98 original/man1/setterm.1:252
8259 #: original/man1/login.1:86
8261 "B<login> reads the I</etc/login.defs> configuration file (see "
8262 "login.defs(5)). Note that the configuration file could be distributed with "
8263 "another package (usually shadow-utils). The following configuration items "
8264 "are relevant for B<login>:"
8268 #: original/man1/login.1:88
8269 msgid "B<MOTD_FILE> (string)"
8273 #: original/man1/login.1:90
8275 "Specifies a \":\" delimited list of \"message of the day\" files and "
8276 "directories to be displayed upon login. If the specified path is a directory "
8277 "then displays all files with .motd file extension in version-sort order from "
8282 #: original/man1/login.1:92
8284 "The default value is I</usr/share/misc/motd:/run/motd:/etc/motd>. If the "
8285 "B<MOTD_FILE> item is empty or a quiet login is enabled, then the message of "
8286 "the day is not displayed. Note that the same functionality is also provided "
8287 "by the B<pam_motd>(8) PAM module."
8291 #: original/man1/login.1:94
8292 msgid "The directories in the B<MOTD_FILE> are supported since version 2.36."
8296 #: original/man1/login.1:96
8298 "Note that B<login> does not implement any filenames overriding behavior like "
8299 "pam_motd (see also B<MOTD_FIRSTONLY>), but all content from all files is "
8300 "displayed. It is recommended to keep extra logic in content generators and "
8301 "use I</run/motd.d> rather than rely on overriding behavior hardcoded in "
8306 #: original/man1/login.1:99
8307 msgid "B<MOTD_FIRSTONLY> (boolean)"
8311 #: original/man1/login.1:101
8313 "Forces B<login> to stop display content specified by B<MOTD_FILE> after the "
8314 "first accessible item in the list. Note that a directory is one item in this "
8315 "case. This option allows B<login> semantics to be configured to be more "
8316 "compatible with pam_motd. The default value is I<no>."
8320 #: original/man1/login.1:104
8321 msgid "B<LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT> (boolean)"
8325 #: original/man1/login.1:106
8327 "Tell B<login> that printing the hostname should be suppressed in the login: "
8328 "prompt. This is an alternative to the B<-H> command line option. The default "
8333 #: original/man1/login.1:109
8334 msgid "B<LOGIN_TIMEOUT> (number)"
8338 #: original/man1/login.1:111
8339 msgid "Maximum time in seconds for login. The default value is I<60>."
8343 #: original/man1/login.1:114
8344 msgid "B<LOGIN_RETRIES> (number)"
8348 #: original/man1/login.1:116
8350 "Maximum number of login retries in case of a bad password. The default value "
8355 #: original/man1/login.1:119
8356 msgid "B<LOGIN_KEEP_USERNAME> (boolean)"
8360 #: original/man1/login.1:121
8362 "Tell B<login> to only re-prompt for the password if authentication failed, "
8363 "but the username is valid. The default value is I<no>."
8367 #: original/man1/login.1:124 original/man1/su.1:209
8368 msgid "B<FAIL_DELAY> (number)"
8372 #: original/man1/login.1:126
8374 "Delay in seconds before being allowed another three tries after a login "
8375 "failure. The default value is I<5>."
8379 #: original/man1/login.1:129
8380 msgid "B<TTYPERM> (string)"
8384 #: original/man1/login.1:131
8386 "The terminal permissions. The default value is I<0600> or I<0620> if tty "
8391 #: original/man1/login.1:134
8392 msgid "B<TTYGROUP> (string)"
8396 #: original/man1/login.1:136
8398 "The login tty will be owned by the B<TTYGROUP>. The default value is "
8399 "I<tty>. If the B<TTYGROUP> does not exist, then the ownership of the "
8400 "terminal is set to the user\\(cqs primary group."
8404 #: original/man1/login.1:138
8406 "The B<TTYGROUP> can be either the name of a group or a numeric group "
8411 #: original/man1/login.1:141
8412 msgid "B<HUSHLOGIN_FILE> (string)"
8416 #: original/man1/login.1:143
8418 "If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login "
8419 "sequence. If a full pathname (for example, I</etc/hushlogins>) is specified, "
8420 "then hushed mode will be enabled if the user\\(cqs name or shell are found "
8421 "in the file. If this global hush login file is empty then the hushed mode "
8422 "will be enabled for all users."
8426 #: original/man1/login.1:145
8428 "If a full pathname is not specified, then hushed mode will be enabled if the "
8429 "file exists in the user\\(cqs home directory."
8433 #: original/man1/login.1:147
8435 "The default is to check I</etc/hushlogins> and if it does not exist then "
8440 #: original/man1/login.1:149
8441 msgid "If the B<HUSHLOGIN_FILE> item is empty, then all the checks are disabled."
8445 #: original/man1/login.1:152
8446 msgid "B<DEFAULT_HOME> (boolean)"
8450 #: original/man1/login.1:154
8452 "Indicate if login is allowed if we cannot change directory to the home "
8453 "directory. If set to I<yes>, the user will login in the root (/) directory "
8454 "if it is not possible to change directory to their home. The default value "
8459 #: original/man1/login.1:157
8460 msgid "B<LASTLOG_UID_MAX> (unsigned number)"
8464 #: original/man1/login.1:159
8466 "Highest user ID number for which the I<lastlog> entries should be "
8467 "updated. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and "
8468 "authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse I<lastlog> "
8469 "file for them. No LASTLOG_UID_MAX option present in the configuration means "
8470 "that there is no user ID limit for writing I<lastlog> entries. The default "
8471 "value is I<ULONG_MAX>."
8475 #: original/man1/login.1:162
8476 msgid "B<LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB> (boolean)"
8480 #: original/man1/login.1:164
8482 "Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded. The "
8483 "default value is I<no>."
8487 #: original/man1/login.1:166
8489 "Note that logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if a user enters "
8490 "their password instead of their login name."
8494 #: original/man1/login.1:169 original/man1/runuser.1:206 original/man1/su.1:214
8495 msgid "B<ENV_PATH> (string)"
8499 #: original/man1/login.1:171
8501 "If set, it will be used to define the B<PATH> environment variable when a "
8502 "regular user logs in. The default value is I</usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin>."
8506 #: original/man1/login.1:174 original/man1/runuser.1:211 original/man1/su.1:219
8507 msgid "B<ENV_ROOTPATH> (string), B<ENV_SUPATH> (string)"
8511 #: original/man1/login.1:176
8513 "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
8514 "superuser logs in. B<ENV_ROOTPATH> takes precedence. The default value is "
8515 "I</usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin>."
8519 #: original/man1/login.1:190
8521 "I</var/run/utmp>, I</var/log/wtmp>, I</var/log/lastlog>, "
8522 "I</var/spool/mail/*>, I</etc/motd>, I</etc/passwd>, I</etc/nologin>, "
8523 "I</etc/pam.d/login>, I</etc/pam.d/remote>, I</etc/hushlogins>, "
8524 "I<$HOME/.hushlogin>"
8528 #: original/man1/login.1:193
8530 "The undocumented BSD B<-r> option is not supported. This may be required by "
8531 "some B<rlogind>(8) programs."
8535 #: original/man1/login.1:195
8537 "A recursive login, as used to be possible in the good old days, no longer "
8538 "works; for most purposes B<su>(1) is a satisfactory substitute. Indeed, for "
8539 "security reasons, B<login> does a B<vhangup>(2) system call to remove any "
8540 "possible listening processes on the tty. This is to avoid password "
8541 "sniffing. If one uses the command B<login>, then the surrounding shell gets "
8542 "killed by B<vhangup>(2) because it\\(cqs no longer the true owner of the "
8543 "tty. This can be avoided by using B<exec login> in a top-level shell or "
8548 #: original/man1/login.1:198
8549 msgid "Derived from BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89) by"
8553 #: original/man1/login.1:200
8554 msgid "for HP-UX. Ported to Linux 0.12:"
8558 #: original/man1/login.1:202
8559 msgid "Rewritten to a PAM-only version by"
8563 #: original/man1/login.1:214
8565 "B<mail>(1), B<passwd>(1), B<passwd>(5), B<utmp>(5), B<environ>(7), "
8566 "B<getty>(8), B<init>(8), B<lastlog>(8), B<shutdown>(8)"
8570 #: original/man1/login.1:221
8572 "The B<login> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
8577 #: original/man1/look.1:10
8583 #: original/man1/look.1:32
8584 msgid "look - display lines beginning with a given string"
8588 #: original/man1/look.1:35
8589 msgid "B<look> [options] I<string> [I<file>]"
8593 #: original/man1/look.1:38
8595 "The B<look> utility displays any lines in I<file> which contain "
8596 "I<string>. As B<look> performs a binary search, the lines in I<file> must be "
8597 "sorted (where B<sort>(1) was given the same options B<-d> and/or B<-f> that "
8598 "B<look> is invoked with)."
8602 #: original/man1/look.1:40
8604 "If I<file> is not specified, the file I</usr/share/dict/words> is used, only "
8605 "alphanumeric characters are compared and the case of alphabetic characters "
8610 #: original/man1/look.1:45
8611 msgid "Use the alternative dictionary file."
8615 #: original/man1/look.1:48
8616 msgid "B<-d>, B<--alphanum>"
8620 #: original/man1/look.1:50
8622 "Use normal dictionary character set and order, i.e., only blanks and "
8623 "alphanumeric characters are compared. This is on by default if no file is "
8628 #: original/man1/look.1:52
8630 "Note that blanks have been added to dictionary character set for "
8631 "compatibility with B<sort -d> command since version 2.28."
8635 #: original/man1/look.1:55
8636 msgid "B<-f>, B<--ignore-case>"
8640 #: original/man1/look.1:57
8642 "Ignore the case of alphabetic characters. This is on by default if no file "
8647 #: original/man1/look.1:60
8648 msgid "B<-t>, B<--terminate> I<character>"
8652 #: original/man1/look.1:62
8654 "Specify a string termination character, i.e., only the characters in "
8655 "I<string> up to and including the first occurrence of I<character> are "
8660 #: original/man1/look.1:75
8662 "The B<look> utility exits 0 if one or more lines were found and displayed, 1 "
8663 "if no lines were found, and E<gt>1 if an error occurred."
8667 #: original/man1/look.1:78
8672 #: original/man1/look.1:80
8674 "Path to a dictionary file. The environment variable has greater priority "
8675 "than the dictionary path defined in FILES segment."
8679 #: original/man1/look.1:84
8680 msgid "I</usr/share/dict/words>"
8684 #: original/man1/look.1:86
8685 msgid "the dictionary"
8689 #: original/man1/look.1:89
8690 msgid "I</usr/share/dict/web2>"
8694 #: original/man1/look.1:91
8695 msgid "the alternative dictionary"
8699 #: original/man1/look.1:95
8700 msgid "The B<look> utility appeared in Version 7 AT&T Unix."
8704 #: original/man1/look.1:102
8707 "sort -d /etc/passwd -o /tmp/look.dict\n"
8708 "look -t: root:foobar /tmp/look.dict\n"
8712 #: original/man1/look.1:109
8713 msgid "B<grep>(1), B<sort>(1)"
8717 #: original/man1/look.1:116
8719 "The B<look> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
8724 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:10
8730 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:32
8731 msgid "lscpu - display information about the CPU architecture"
8735 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:35
8736 msgid "B<lscpu> [options]"
8740 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:38
8742 "B<lscpu> gathers CPU architecture information from I<sysfs>, "
8743 "I</proc/cpuinfo> and any applicable architecture-specific libraries "
8744 "(e.g. B<librtas> on Powerpc). The command output can be optimized for "
8745 "parsing or for easy readability by humans. The information includes, for "
8746 "example, the number of CPUs, threads, cores, sockets, and Non-Uniform Memory "
8747 "Access (NUMA) nodes. There is also information about the CPU caches and "
8748 "cache sharing, family, model, bogoMIPS, byte order, and stepping."
8752 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:40
8754 "The default output formatting on terminal is subject to change and maybe "
8755 "optimized for better readability. The output for non-terminals (e.g., pipes) "
8756 "is never affected by this optimization and it is always in \"Field: "
8757 "data\\(rsn\" format. Use for example \"B<lscpu | less>\" to see the default "
8758 "output without optimizations."
8762 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:42
8764 "In virtualized environments, the CPU architecture information displayed "
8765 "reflects the configuration of the guest operating system which is typically "
8766 "different from the physical (host) system. On architectures that support "
8767 "retrieving physical topology information, B<lscpu> also displays the number "
8768 "of physical sockets, chips, cores in the host system."
8772 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:44
8774 "Options that result in an output table have a I<list> argument. Use this "
8775 "argument to customize the command output. Specify a comma-separated list of "
8776 "column labels to limit the output table to only the specified columns, "
8777 "arranged in the specified order. See B<COLUMNS> for a list of valid column "
8778 "labels. The column labels are not case sensitive."
8782 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:46
8784 "Not all columns are supported on all architectures. If an unsupported column "
8785 "is specified, B<lscpu> prints the column but does not provide any data for "
8790 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:48
8792 "The cache sizes are reported as summary from all CPUs. The versions before "
8793 "v2.34 reported per-core sizes, but this output was confusing due to "
8794 "complicated CPUs topology and the way how caches are shared between "
8795 "CPUs. For more details about caches see B<--cache>. Since version v2.37 "
8796 "B<lscpu> follows cache IDs as provided by Linux kernel and it does not "
8797 "always start from zero."
8801 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:53
8803 "Include lines for online and offline CPUs in the output (default for "
8804 "B<-e>). This option may only be specified together with option B<-e> or "
8809 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:56
8810 msgid "B<-B>, B<--bytes>"
8814 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:58
8815 msgid "Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human-readable format."
8819 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:61
8820 msgid "B<-b>, B<--online>"
8824 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:63
8826 "Limit the output to online CPUs (default for B<-p>). This option may only be "
8827 "specified together with option B<-e> or B<-p>."
8831 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:66
8832 msgid "B<-C>, B<--caches>[=I<list>]"
8836 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:68
8838 "Display details about CPU caches. For details about available information "
8839 "see B<--help> output."
8843 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:70
8845 "If the I<list> argument is omitted, all columns for which data is available "
8846 "are included in the command output."
8850 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:72
8852 "When specifying the I<list> argument, the string of option, equal sign (=), "
8853 "and I<list> must not contain any blanks or other whitespace. Examples: "
8854 "\\(aqB<-C=NAME,ONE-SIZE>\\(aq or \\(aqB<--caches=NAME,ONE-SIZE>\\(aq."
8858 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:74
8860 "The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in the "
8861 "format +list (e.g., lscpu -C=+ALLOC-POLICY)."
8865 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:77
8866 msgid "B<-c>, B<--offline>"
8870 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:79
8872 "Limit the output to offline CPUs. This option may only be specified together "
8873 "with option B<-e> or B<-p>."
8877 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:82
8878 msgid "B<-e>, B<--extended>[=I<list>]"
8882 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:84
8883 msgid "Display the CPU information in human-readable format."
8887 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:86
8889 "If the I<list> argument is omitted, the default columns are included in the "
8890 "command output. The default output is subject to change."
8894 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:88
8896 "When specifying the I<list> argument, the string of option, equal sign (=), "
8897 "and I<list> must not contain any blanks or other whitespace. Examples: "
8898 "\\(aqB<-e=cpu,node>\\(aq or \\(aqB<--extended=cpu,node>\\(aq."
8902 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:90
8904 "The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in the "
8905 "format +list (e.g., lscpu -e=+MHZ)."
8909 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:100
8911 "Use JSON output format for the default summary or extended output (see "
8916 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:103
8917 msgid "B<-p>, B<--parse>[=I<list>]"
8921 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:105
8922 msgid "Optimize the command output for easy parsing."
8926 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:107
8928 "If the I<list> argument is omitted, the command output is compatible with "
8929 "earlier versions of B<lscpu>. In this compatible format, two commas are used "
8930 "to separate CPU cache columns. If no CPU caches are identified the cache "
8931 "column is omitted. If the I<list> argument is used, cache columns are "
8932 "separated with a colon (:)."
8936 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:109
8938 "When specifying the I<list> argument, the string of option, equal sign (=), "
8939 "and I<list> must not contain any blanks or other whitespace. Examples: "
8940 "\\(aqB<-p=cpu,node>\\(aq or \\(aqB<--parse=cpu,node>\\(aq."
8944 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:111
8946 "The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in the "
8947 "format +list (e.g., lscpu -p=+MHZ)."
8951 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:114 original/man1/lsmem.1:101
8952 msgid "B<-s>, B<--sysroot> I<directory>"
8956 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:116
8958 "Gather CPU data for a Linux instance other than the instance from which the "
8959 "B<lscpu> command is issued. The specified I<directory> is the system root of "
8960 "the Linux instance to be inspected."
8964 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:119 original/man1/uuidgen.1:85
8965 msgid "B<-x>, B<--hex>"
8969 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:121
8971 "Use hexadecimal masks for CPU sets (for example \"ff\"). The default is to "
8972 "print the sets in list format (for example 0,1). Note that before version "
8973 "2.30 the mask has been printed with 0x prefix."
8977 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:124
8978 msgid "B<-y>, B<--physical>"
8982 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:126
8984 "Display physical IDs for all columns with topology elements (core, socket, "
8985 "etc.). Other than logical IDs, which are assigned by B<lscpu>, physical IDs "
8986 "are platform-specific values that are provided by the kernel. Physical IDs "
8987 "are not necessarily unique and they might not be arranged sequentially. If "
8988 "the kernel could not retrieve a physical ID for an element B<lscpu> prints "
8989 "the dash (-) character."
8993 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:128
8994 msgid "The CPU logical numbers are not affected by this option."
8998 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:136 original/man1/lslogins.1:119
8999 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:81
9000 msgid "B<--output-all>"
9004 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:138
9006 "Output all available columns. This option must be combined with either "
9007 "B<--extended>, B<--parse> or B<--caches>."
9011 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:142
9013 "The basic overview of CPU family, model, etc. is always based on the first "
9018 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:144
9019 msgid "Sometimes in Xen Dom0 the kernel reports wrong data."
9023 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:146
9024 msgid "On virtual hardware the number of cores per socket, etc. can be wrong."
9028 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:154
9033 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:161
9035 "The B<lscpu> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9040 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:10
9046 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:32
9047 msgid "lsipc - show information on IPC facilities currently employed in the system"
9051 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:35
9052 msgid "B<lsipc> [options]"
9056 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:38
9058 "B<lsipc> shows information on the System V inter-process communication "
9059 "facilities for which the calling process has read access."
9063 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:43
9065 "Show full details on just the one resource element identified by I<id>. This "
9066 "option needs to be combined with one of the three resource options: B<-m>, "
9067 "B<-q> or B<-s>. It is possible to override the default output format for "
9068 "this option with the B<--list>, B<--raw>, B<--json> or B<--export> option."
9072 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:46
9073 msgid "B<-g>, B<--global>"
9077 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:48
9079 "Show system-wide usage and limits of IPC resources. This option may be "
9080 "combined with one of the three resource options: B<-m>, B<-q> or B<-s>. The "
9081 "default is to show information about all resources."
9085 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:75
9087 msgid "Output formatting"
9091 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:83 original/man1/lslogins.1:62
9092 msgid "B<-e>, B<--export>"
9096 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:85
9098 "Produce output in the form of key=\"value\" pairs. All potentially unsafe "
9099 "value characters are hex-escaped (\\(rsxE<lt>codeE<gt>). The key (variable "
9100 "name) will be modified to contain only characters allowed for a shell "
9101 "variable identifiers, for example, USE_PCT instead of USE%."
9105 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:90
9106 msgid "Use the JSON output format."
9110 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:93
9111 msgid "B<-l>, B<--list>"
9115 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:95
9117 "Use the list output format. This is the default, except when B<--id> is "
9122 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:98 original/man1/lslogins.1:99
9123 msgid "B<-n>, B<--newline>"
9127 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:100 original/man1/lslogins.1:101
9128 msgid "Display each piece of information on a separate line."
9132 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:103 original/man1/lslogins.1:104
9133 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:98
9134 msgid "B<--noheadings>"
9138 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:105 original/man1/lslogins.1:106
9139 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:73 original/man1/prlimit.1:100
9140 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:138
9141 msgid "Do not print a header line."
9145 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:108 original/man1/lslogins.1:109
9146 msgid "B<--notruncate>"
9150 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:110 original/man1/lslogins.1:111
9151 msgid "Don\\(cqt truncate output."
9155 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:115 original/man1/uuidparse.1:143
9157 "Specify which output columns to print. Use B<--help> to get a list of all "
9158 "supported columns."
9162 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:120
9163 msgid "Print size in bytes rather than in human readable format."
9167 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:125 original/man1/lslogins.1:131
9168 msgid "Raw output (no columnation)."
9172 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:133 original/man1/lslogins.1:139
9173 msgid "B<--time-format> I<type>"
9177 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:135 original/man1/lslogins.1:141
9179 "Display dates in short, full or iso format. The default is short, this time "
9180 "format is designed to be space efficient and human readable."
9184 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:138
9185 msgid "B<-P>, B<--numeric-perms>"
9189 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:140
9190 msgid "Print numeric permissions in PERMS column."
9194 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:144 original/man1/lslogins.1:175
9199 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:146 original/man1/lslogins.1:177
9204 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:149 original/man1/lslogins.1:180
9205 #: original/man1/runuser.1:228 original/man1/su.1:236
9210 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:151 original/man1/lslogins.1:182
9211 msgid "if incorrect arguments specified,"
9215 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:154 original/man1/lslogins.1:185
9220 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:156
9221 msgid "if a serious error occurs."
9225 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:160
9226 msgid "The B<lsipc> utility is inspired by the B<ipcs>(1) utility."
9230 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:183
9232 "The B<lsipc> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9237 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:10
9243 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:32
9244 msgid "lsirq - utility to display kernel interrupt information"
9248 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:35
9249 msgid "B<lsirq> [options]"
9253 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:38
9254 msgid "Display kernel interrupt counter information."
9258 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:45
9259 msgid "Don\\(cqt print headings."
9263 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:55
9265 "Specify sort criteria by column name. See B<--help> output to get column "
9270 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:63 original/man1/lsmem.1:86
9271 msgid "B<-P>, B<--pairs>"
9275 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:65
9277 "Produce output in the form of key=\"value\" pairs. All potentially unsafe "
9278 "characters are hex-escaped (\\(rsxE<lt>codeE<gt>)."
9282 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:93
9284 "The B<lsirq> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9289 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:10
9295 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:32
9296 msgid "lslogins - display information about known users in the system"
9300 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:35
9302 "B<lslogins> [options] [B<-s>|B<-u>[=I<UID>]] [B<-g> I<groups>] [B<-l> "
9303 "I<logins>] [I<username>]"
9307 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:38
9309 "Examine the wtmp and btmp logs, I</etc/shadow> (if necessary) and I</passwd> "
9310 "and output the desired data."
9314 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:40
9316 "The optional argument I<username> forces B<lslogins> to print all available "
9317 "details about the specified user only. In this case the output format is "
9318 "different than in case of B<-l> or B<-g> and unknown is I<username> reported "
9323 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:42
9324 msgid "The default action is to list info about all the users in the system."
9328 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:45
9329 msgid "Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too."
9333 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:47
9334 msgid "B<-a>, B<--acc-expiration>"
9338 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:49
9340 "Display data about the date of last password change and the account "
9341 "expiration date (see B<shadow>(5) for more info). (Requires root "
9346 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:52
9347 msgid "B<--btmp-file> I<path>"
9351 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:54
9352 msgid "Alternate path for btmp."
9356 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:57
9357 msgid "B<-c>, B<--colon-separate>"
9361 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:59
9362 msgid "Separate info about each user with a colon instead of a newline."
9366 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:64
9367 msgid "Output data in the format of NAME=VALUE."
9371 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:67
9372 msgid "B<-f>, B<--failed>"
9376 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:69
9377 msgid "Display data about the users\\(aq last failed login attempts."
9381 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:72
9382 msgid "B<-G>, B<--supp-groups>"
9386 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:74
9387 msgid "Show information about supplementary groups."
9391 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:77
9392 msgid "B<-g>, B<--groups>=I<groups>"
9396 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:79
9398 "Only show data of users belonging to I<groups>. More than one group may be "
9399 "specified; the list has to be comma-separated. Unknown group names are "
9404 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:81
9406 "Note that relation between user and group may be invisible for primary group "
9407 "if the user is not explicitly specify as group member (e.g., in "
9408 "I</etc/group>). If the command B<lslogins> scans for groups than it uses "
9409 "groups database only, and user database with primary GID is not used at all."
9413 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:86
9414 msgid "Display help information and exit."
9418 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:89
9419 msgid "B<-L>, B<--last>"
9423 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:91
9425 "Display data containing information about the users\\(aq last login "
9430 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:94
9431 msgid "B<-l>, B<--logins>=I<logins>"
9435 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:96
9437 "Only show data of users with a login specified in I<logins> (user names or "
9438 "user IDS). More than one login may be specified; the list has to be "
9439 "comma-separated. Unknown login names are ignored."
9443 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:116
9445 "Specify which output columns to print. The default list of columns may be "
9446 "extended if I<list> is specified in the format I<+list>."
9450 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:121
9452 "Output all available columns. B<--help> to get a list of all supported "
9457 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:124
9458 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pwd>"
9462 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:126
9463 msgid "Display information related to login by password (see also B<-afL).>"
9467 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:134
9468 msgid "B<-s>, B<--system-accs>"
9472 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:136
9474 "Show system accounts. These are by default all accounts with a UID between "
9475 "101 and 999 (inclusive), with the exception of either nobody or nfsnobody "
9476 "(UID 65534). This hardcoded default may be overwritten by parameters "
9477 "SYS_UID_MIN and SYS_UID_MAX in the file I</etc/login.defs>."
9481 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:144
9482 msgid "B<-u>, B<--user-accs>"
9486 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:146
9488 "Show user accounts. These are by default all accounts with UID above 1000 "
9489 "(inclusive), with the exception of either nobody or nfsnobody (UID "
9490 "65534). This hardcoded default maybe overwritten by parameters UID_MIN and "
9491 "UID_MAX in the file I</etc/login.defs>."
9495 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:154
9496 msgid "B<--wtmp-file> I<path>"
9500 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:156
9501 msgid "Alternate path for wtmp."
9505 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:159
9506 msgid "B<--lastlog> I<path>"
9510 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:161
9511 msgid "Alternate path for B<lastlog>(8)."
9515 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:164
9516 msgid "B<-Z>, B<--context>"
9520 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:166
9521 msgid "Display the users\\(aq security context."
9525 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:169
9526 msgid "B<-z>, B<--print0>"
9530 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:171
9531 msgid "Delimit user entries with a nul character, instead of a newline."
9535 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:187
9536 msgid "if a serious error occurs (e.g., a corrupt log)."
9540 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:191
9541 msgid "The default UID thresholds are read from I</etc/login.defs>."
9545 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:194
9547 "The B<lslogins> utility is inspired by the B<logins> utility, which first "
9548 "appeared in FreeBSD 4.10."
9552 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:204
9553 msgid "B<group>(5), B<passwd>(5), B<shadow>(5), B<utmp>(5)"
9557 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:211
9559 "The B<lslogins> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9564 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:10
9570 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:32
9571 msgid "lsmem - list the ranges of available memory with their online status"
9575 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:35
9576 msgid "B<lsmem> [options]"
9580 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:38
9582 "The B<lsmem> command lists the ranges of available memory with their online "
9583 "status. The listed memory blocks correspond to the memory block "
9584 "representation in sysfs. The command also shows the memory block size and "
9585 "the amount of memory in online and offline state."
9589 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:40
9591 "The default output compatible with original implementation from s390-tools, "
9592 "but it\\(cqs strongly recommended to avoid using default outputs in your "
9593 "scripts. Always explicitly define expected columns by using the B<--output> "
9594 "option together with a columns list in environments where a stable output is "
9599 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:42
9601 "The B<lsmem> command lists a new memory range always when the current memory "
9602 "block distinguish from the previous block by some output column. This "
9603 "default behavior is possible to override by the B<--split> option (e.g., "
9604 "B<lsmem --split=ZONES>). The special word \"none\" may be used to ignore all "
9605 "differences between memory blocks and to create as large as possible "
9606 "continuous ranges. The opposite semantic is B<--all> to list individual "
9611 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:44
9613 "Note that some output columns may provide inaccurate information if a split "
9614 "policy forces B<lsmem> to ignore differences in some attributes. For example "
9615 "if you merge removable and non-removable memory blocks to the one range than "
9616 "all the range will be marked as non-removable on B<lsmem> output."
9620 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:46
9622 "Not all columns are supported on all systems. If an unsupported column is "
9623 "specified, B<lsmem> prints the column but does not provide any data for it."
9627 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:48
9628 msgid "Use the B<--help> option to see the columns description."
9632 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:53
9634 "List each individual memory block, instead of combining memory blocks with "
9635 "similar attributes."
9639 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:78
9641 "Specify which output columns to print. Use B<--help> to get a list of all "
9642 "supported columns. The default list of columns may be extended if I<list> is "
9643 "specified in the format B<+>I<list> (e.g., B<lsmem -o +NODE>)."
9647 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:83
9648 msgid "Output all available columns."
9652 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:88
9654 "Produce output in the form of key=\"value\" pairs. All potentially unsafe "
9655 "value characters are hex-escaped (\\(rsxE<lt>codeE<gt>)."
9659 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:96
9660 msgid "B<-S>, B<--split> I<list>"
9664 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:98
9666 "Specify which columns (attributes) use to split memory blocks to ranges. The "
9667 "supported columns are STATE, REMOVABLE, NODE and ZONES, or \"none\". The "
9668 "other columns are silently ignored. For more details see DESCRIPTION above."
9672 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:103
9674 "Gather memory data for a Linux instance other than the instance from which "
9675 "the B<lsmem> command is issued. The specified I<directory> is the system "
9676 "root of the Linux instance to be inspected."
9680 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:111
9681 msgid "B<--summary>[=I<when>]"
9685 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:113
9687 "This option controls summary lines output. The optional argument I<when> can "
9688 "be B<never>, B<always> or B<only>. If the I<when> argument is omitted, it "
9689 "defaults to B<\"only\">. The summary output is suppressed for B<--raw>, "
9690 "B<--pairs> and B<--json>."
9694 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:117
9696 "B<lsmem> was originally written by Gerald Schaefer for s390-tools in "
9697 "Perl. The C version for util-linux was written by Clemens von Mann, Heiko "
9698 "Carstens and Karel Zak."
9702 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:120
9707 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:127
9709 "The B<lsmem> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9714 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:10
9720 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:32
9721 msgid "mcookie - generate magic cookies for xauth"
9725 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:35
9726 msgid "B<mcookie> [options]"
9730 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:38
9732 "B<mcookie> generates a 128-bit random hexadecimal number for use with the X "
9733 "authority system. Typical usage:"
9737 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:42
9738 msgid "B<xauth add :0 . >\\f(CRmcookie\\fR"
9742 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:47
9744 "\\f(CRThe \"random\" number generated is actually the MD5 message digest of "
9745 "random information coming from one of the sources B<getrandom>\\f(CR(2) "
9746 "system call, I</dev/urandom>\\f(CR, I</dev/random>\\f(CR, or the I<libc "
9747 "pseudo-random functions>\\f(CR, in this preference order. See also the "
9748 "option B<--file>\\f(CR.\\fR"
9752 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:52
9754 "Use this I<file> as an additional source of randomness (for example "
9755 "I</dev/urandom>). When I<file> is \\(aq-\\(aq, characters are read from "
9760 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:55
9761 msgid "B<-m>, B<--max-size> I<number>"
9765 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:57
9767 "Read from I<file> only this I<number> of bytes. This option is meant to be "
9768 "used when reading additional randomness from a file or device."
9772 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:59
9774 "The I<number> argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes "
9775 "KiB=1024, MiB=1024*1024, and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "
9776 "\"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same meaning as \"KiB\") or the "
9777 "suffixes KB=1000, MB=1000*1000, and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB."
9781 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:64
9783 "Inform where randomness originated, with amount of entropy read from each "
9788 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:78
9789 msgid "I</dev/urandom>"
9793 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:80
9794 msgid "I</dev/random>"
9798 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:83
9799 msgid "It is assumed that none of the randomness sources will block."
9803 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:89
9804 msgid "B<md5sum>(1), B<X>(7), B<xauth>(1), B<rand>(3)"
9808 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:96
9810 "The B<mcookie> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9815 #: original/man1/mesg.1:10
9821 #: original/man1/mesg.1:32
9822 msgid "mesg - display (or do not display) messages from other users"
9826 #: original/man1/mesg.1:35
9827 msgid "B<mesg> [I<option>] [B<n>|B<y>]"
9831 #: original/man1/mesg.1:38
9833 "The B<mesg> utility is invoked by a user to control write access others have "
9834 "to the terminal device associated with standard error output. If write "
9835 "access is allowed, then programs such as B<talk>(1) and B<write>(1) may "
9836 "display messages on the terminal."
9840 #: original/man1/mesg.1:40
9842 "Traditionally, write access is allowed by default. However, as users become "
9843 "more conscious of various security risks, there is a trend to remove write "
9844 "access by default, at least for the primary login shell. To make sure your "
9845 "ttys are set the way you want them to be set, B<mesg> should be executed in "
9846 "your login scripts."
9850 #: original/man1/mesg.1:42
9852 "The B<mesg> utility silently exits with error status 2 if not executed on "
9853 "terminal. In this case execute B<mesg> is pointless. The command line option "
9854 "B<--verbose> forces mesg to print a warning in this situation. This "
9855 "behaviour has been introduced in version 2.33."
9859 #: original/man1/mesg.1:47
9860 msgid "Disallow messages."
9864 #: original/man1/mesg.1:50
9869 #: original/man1/mesg.1:52
9870 msgid "Allow messages to be displayed."
9874 #: original/man1/mesg.1:55
9876 "If no arguments are given, B<mesg> shows the current message status on "
9877 "standard error output."
9881 #: original/man1/mesg.1:60
9882 msgid "Explain what is being done."
9886 #: original/man1/mesg.1:74
9887 msgid "The B<mesg> utility exits with one of the following values:"
9891 #: original/man1/mesg.1:78
9892 msgid "Messages are allowed."
9896 #: original/man1/mesg.1:83
9897 msgid "Messages are not allowed."
9901 #: original/man1/mesg.1:86
9906 #: original/man1/mesg.1:88
9907 msgid "An error has occurred."
9911 #: original/man1/mesg.1:92
9912 msgid "I</dev/[pt]ty[pq]?>"
9916 #: original/man1/mesg.1:95
9917 msgid "A B<mesg> command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX."
9921 #: original/man1/mesg.1:102
9922 msgid "B<login>(1), B<talk>(1), B<write>(1), B<wall>(1), B<xterm>(1)"
9926 #: original/man1/mesg.1:109
9928 "The B<mesg> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9933 #: original/man1/more.1:10
9939 #: original/man1/more.1:32
9940 msgid "more - file perusal filter for crt viewing"
9944 #: original/man1/more.1:35
9945 msgid "B<more> [options] I<file> ..."
9949 #: original/man1/more.1:38
9951 "B<more> is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. This "
9952 "version is especially primitive. Users should realize that B<less>(1) "
9953 "provides B<more>(1) emulation plus extensive enhancements."
9957 #: original/man1/more.1:41
9959 "Options are also taken from the environment variable B<MORE> (make sure to "
9960 "precede them with a dash (B<->)) but command-line options will override "
9965 #: original/man1/more.1:43
9966 msgid "B<-d>, B<--silent>"
9970 #: original/man1/more.1:45
9972 "Prompt with \"[Press space to continue, \\(aqq\\(aq to quit.]\", and display "
9973 "\"[Press \\(aqh\\(aq for instructions.]\" instead of ringing the bell when "
9974 "an illegal key is pressed."
9978 #: original/man1/more.1:48
9979 msgid "B<-l>, B<--logical>"
9983 #: original/man1/more.1:50
9984 msgid "Do not pause after any line containing a B<^L> (form feed)."
9988 #: original/man1/more.1:53
9989 msgid "B<-f>, B<--no-pause>"
9993 #: original/man1/more.1:55
9995 "Count logical lines, rather than screen lines (i.e., long lines are not "
10000 #: original/man1/more.1:58
10001 msgid "B<-p>, B<--print-over>"
10004 #. type: Plain text
10005 #: original/man1/more.1:60
10007 "Do not scroll. Instead, clear the whole screen and then display the "
10008 "text. Notice that this option is switched on automatically if the executable "
10009 "is named B<page>."
10012 #. type: Plain text
10013 #: original/man1/more.1:63
10014 msgid "B<-c>, B<--clean-print>"
10017 #. type: Plain text
10018 #: original/man1/more.1:65
10020 "Do not scroll. Instead, paint each screen from the top, clearing the "
10021 "remainder of each line as it is displayed."
10024 #. type: Plain text
10025 #: original/man1/more.1:68
10026 msgid "B<-s>, B<--squeeze>"
10029 #. type: Plain text
10030 #: original/man1/more.1:70
10031 msgid "Squeeze multiple blank lines into one."
10034 #. type: Plain text
10035 #: original/man1/more.1:73
10036 msgid "B<-u>, B<--plain>"
10039 #. type: Plain text
10040 #: original/man1/more.1:75
10042 "Suppress underlining. This option is silently ignored as backwards "
10046 #. type: Plain text
10047 #: original/man1/more.1:78
10048 msgid "B<-n>, B<--lines> I<number>"
10051 #. type: Plain text
10052 #: original/man1/more.1:80
10054 "Specify the I<number> of lines per screenful. The I<number> argument is a "
10055 "positive decimal integer. The B<--lines> option shall override any values "
10056 "obtained from any other source, such as number of lines reported by "
10060 #. type: Plain text
10061 #: original/man1/more.1:83 original/man1/pg.1:57
10062 msgid "B<->I<number>"
10065 #. type: Plain text
10066 #: original/man1/more.1:85
10067 msgid "A numeric option means the same as B<--lines> option argument."
10070 #. type: Plain text
10071 #: original/man1/more.1:88 original/man1/pg.1:47
10072 msgid "B<+>I<number>"
10075 #. type: Plain text
10076 #: original/man1/more.1:90
10077 msgid "Start displaying each file at line I<number>."
10080 #. type: Plain text
10081 #: original/man1/more.1:93
10082 msgid "B<+>/I<string>"
10085 #. type: Plain text
10086 #: original/man1/more.1:95
10087 msgid "The I<string> to be searched in each file before starting to display it."
10091 #: original/man1/more.1:106 original/man1/pg.1:107
10096 #. type: Plain text
10097 #: original/man1/more.1:109
10099 "Interactive commands for B<more> are based on B<vi>(1). Some commands may be "
10100 "preceded by a decimal number, called k in the descriptions below. In the "
10101 "following descriptions, B<^X> means B<control-X>."
10104 #. type: Plain text
10105 #: original/man1/more.1:111
10106 msgid "B<h> or B<?>"
10109 #. type: Plain text
10110 #: original/man1/more.1:113
10112 "Help; display a summary of these commands. If you forget all other commands, "
10113 "remember this one."
10116 #. type: Plain text
10117 #: original/man1/more.1:116
10121 #. type: Plain text
10122 #: original/man1/more.1:118
10123 msgid "Display next k lines of text. Defaults to current screen size."
10126 #. type: Plain text
10127 #: original/man1/more.1:121
10131 #. type: Plain text
10132 #: original/man1/more.1:123
10134 "Display next k lines of text. Defaults to current screen size. Argument "
10135 "becomes new default."
10138 #. type: Plain text
10139 #: original/man1/more.1:126
10143 #. type: Plain text
10144 #: original/man1/more.1:128
10145 msgid "Display next k lines of text. Defaults to 1. Argument becomes new default."
10148 #. type: Plain text
10149 #: original/man1/more.1:131
10150 msgid "B<d> or B<^D>"
10153 #. type: Plain text
10154 #: original/man1/more.1:133
10156 "Scroll k lines. Default is current scroll size, initially 11. Argument "
10157 "becomes new default."
10160 #. type: Plain text
10161 #: original/man1/more.1:136
10162 msgid "B<q> or B<Q> or B<INTERRUPT>"
10165 #. type: Plain text
10166 #: original/man1/more.1:138
10170 #. type: Plain text
10171 #: original/man1/more.1:141
10175 #. type: Plain text
10176 #: original/man1/more.1:143
10177 msgid "Skip forward k lines of text. Defaults to 1."
10180 #. type: Plain text
10181 #: original/man1/more.1:146
10185 #. type: Plain text
10186 #: original/man1/more.1:148
10187 msgid "Skip forward k screenfuls of text. Defaults to 1."
10190 #. type: Plain text
10191 #: original/man1/more.1:151
10192 msgid "B<b> or B<^B>"
10195 #. type: Plain text
10196 #: original/man1/more.1:153
10198 "Skip backwards k screenfuls of text. Defaults to 1. Only works with files, "
10202 #. type: Plain text
10203 #: original/man1/more.1:156
10207 #. type: Plain text
10208 #: original/man1/more.1:158
10209 msgid "Go to the place where the last search started."
10212 #. type: Plain text
10213 #: original/man1/more.1:161
10217 #. type: Plain text
10218 #: original/man1/more.1:163
10219 msgid "Display current line number."
10222 #. type: Plain text
10223 #: original/man1/more.1:166
10224 msgid "B</pattern>"
10227 #. type: Plain text
10228 #: original/man1/more.1:168
10229 msgid "Search for kth occurrence of regular expression. Defaults to 1."
10232 #. type: Plain text
10233 #: original/man1/more.1:173
10234 msgid "Search for kth occurrence of last regular expression. Defaults to 1."
10237 #. type: Plain text
10238 #: original/man1/more.1:176
10239 msgid "B<!command> or B<:!command>"
10242 #. type: Plain text
10243 #: original/man1/more.1:178
10244 msgid "Execute I<command> in a subshell."
10247 #. type: Plain text
10248 #: original/man1/more.1:181
10252 #. type: Plain text
10253 #: original/man1/more.1:183
10255 "Start up an editor at current line. The editor is taken from the environment "
10256 "variable B<VISUAL> if defined, or B<EDITOR> if B<VISUAL> is not defined, or "
10257 "defaults to B<vi>(1) if neither B<VISUAL> nor B<EDITOR> is defined."
10260 #. type: Plain text
10261 #: original/man1/more.1:186
10265 #. type: Plain text
10266 #: original/man1/more.1:188
10267 msgid "Redraw screen."
10270 #. type: Plain text
10271 #: original/man1/more.1:191
10275 #. type: Plain text
10276 #: original/man1/more.1:193
10277 msgid "Go to kth next file. Defaults to 1."
10280 #. type: Plain text
10281 #: original/man1/more.1:196
10285 #. type: Plain text
10286 #: original/man1/more.1:198
10287 msgid "Go to kth previous file. Defaults to 1."
10290 #. type: Plain text
10291 #: original/man1/more.1:201
10295 #. type: Plain text
10296 #: original/man1/more.1:203
10297 msgid "Display current file name and line number."
10300 #. type: Plain text
10301 #: original/man1/more.1:206
10305 #. type: Plain text
10306 #: original/man1/more.1:208
10307 msgid "Repeat previous command."
10310 #. type: Plain text
10311 #: original/man1/more.1:212
10313 "The B<more> command respects the following environment variables, if they "
10317 #. type: Plain text
10318 #: original/man1/more.1:214
10322 #. type: Plain text
10323 #: original/man1/more.1:216
10324 msgid "This variable may be set with favored options to B<more>."
10327 #. type: Plain text
10328 #: original/man1/more.1:219 original/man1/pg.1:209 original/man1/script.1:151
10332 #. type: Plain text
10333 #: original/man1/more.1:221
10334 msgid "Current shell in use (normally set by the shell at login time)."
10337 #. type: Plain text
10338 #: original/man1/more.1:224 original/man1/pg.1:214 original/man1/ul.1:64
10342 #. type: Plain text
10343 #: original/man1/more.1:226
10345 "The terminal type used by B<more> to get the terminal characteristics "
10346 "necessary to manipulate the screen."
10349 #. type: Plain text
10350 #: original/man1/more.1:229
10354 #. type: Plain text
10355 #: original/man1/more.1:231
10356 msgid "The editor the user prefers. Invoked when command key I<v> is pressed."
10359 #. type: Plain text
10360 #: original/man1/more.1:234
10364 #. type: Plain text
10365 #: original/man1/more.1:236
10366 msgid "The editor of choice when B<VISUAL> is not specified."
10369 #. type: Plain text
10370 #: original/man1/more.1:240
10372 "The B<more> command appeared in 3.0BSD. This man page documents B<more> "
10373 "version 5.19 (Berkeley 6/29/88), which is currently in use in the Linux "
10374 "community. Documentation was produced using several other versions of the "
10375 "man page, and extensive inspection of the source code."
10378 #. type: Plain text
10379 #: original/man1/more.1:243
10380 msgid "Eric Shienbrood, UC Berkeley."
10383 #. type: Plain text
10384 #: original/man1/more.1:245
10385 msgid "Modified by Geoff Peck, UCB to add underlining, single spacing."
10388 #. type: Plain text
10389 #: original/man1/more.1:247
10390 msgid "Modified by John Foderaro, UCB to add -c and MORE environment variable."
10393 #. type: Plain text
10394 #: original/man1/more.1:251
10395 msgid "B<less>(1), B<vi>(1)"
10398 #. type: Plain text
10399 #: original/man1/more.1:258
10401 "The B<more> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
10406 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:10
10411 #. type: Plain text
10412 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:32
10413 msgid "mountpoint - see if a directory or file is a mountpoint"
10416 #. type: Plain text
10417 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:35
10418 msgid "B<mountpoint> [B<-d>|B<-q>] I<directory>|I<file>"
10421 #. type: Plain text
10422 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:37
10423 msgid "B<mountpoint> B<-x> I<device>"
10426 #. type: Plain text
10427 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:40
10429 "B<mountpoint> checks whether the given I<directory> or I<file> is mentioned "
10430 "in the I</proc/self/mountinfo> file."
10433 #. type: Plain text
10434 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:43
10435 msgid "B<-d>, B<--fs-devno>"
10438 #. type: Plain text
10439 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:45
10441 "Show the major/minor numbers of the device that is mounted on the given "
10445 #. type: Plain text
10446 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:50
10447 msgid "Be quiet - don\\(cqt print anything."
10450 #. type: Plain text
10451 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:53
10452 msgid "B<--nofollow>"
10455 #. type: Plain text
10456 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:55
10457 msgid "Do not follow symbolic link if it the last element of the I<directory> path."
10460 #. type: Plain text
10461 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:58
10462 msgid "B<-x>, B<--devno>"
10465 #. type: Plain text
10466 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:60
10467 msgid "Show the major/minor numbers of the given blockdevice on standard output."
10470 #. type: Plain text
10471 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:74
10472 msgid "B<mountpoint> has the following exit status values:"
10475 #. type: Plain text
10476 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:78
10478 "success; the directory is a mountpoint, or device is block device on "
10482 #. type: Plain text
10483 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:83
10484 msgid "failure; incorrect invocation, permissions or system error"
10487 #. type: Plain text
10488 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:86 original/man1/taskset.1:59
10492 #. type: Plain text
10493 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:88
10495 "failure; the directory is not a mountpoint, or device is not a block device "
10499 #. type: Plain text
10500 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:92
10501 msgid "LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all"
10504 #. type: Plain text
10505 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:94
10506 msgid "enables libmount debug output."
10509 #. type: Plain text
10510 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:98
10512 "The util-linux B<mountpoint> implementation was written from scratch for "
10513 "libmount. The original version for sysvinit suite was written by Miquel van "
10517 #. type: Plain text
10518 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:104
10519 msgid "B<mount>(8)"
10522 #. type: Plain text
10523 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:111
10525 "The B<mountpoint> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
10530 #: original/man1/namei.1:10
10535 #. type: Plain text
10536 #: original/man1/namei.1:32
10537 msgid "namei - follow a pathname until a terminal point is found"
10540 #. type: Plain text
10541 #: original/man1/namei.1:35
10542 msgid "B<namei> [options] I<pathname>..."
10545 #. type: Plain text
10546 #: original/man1/namei.1:38
10548 "B<namei> interprets its arguments as pathnames to any type of Unix file "
10549 "(symlinks, files, directories, and so forth). B<namei> then follows each "
10550 "pathname until an endpoint is found (a file, a directory, a device node, "
10551 "etc). If it finds a symbolic link, it shows the link, and starts following "
10552 "it, indenting the output to show the context."
10555 #. type: Plain text
10556 #: original/man1/namei.1:40
10558 "This program is useful for finding \"too many levels of symbolic links\" "
10562 #. type: Plain text
10563 #: original/man1/namei.1:42
10565 "For each line of output, B<namei> uses the following characters to identify "
10566 "the file type found:"
10569 #. type: Plain text
10570 #: original/man1/namei.1:55
10573 " f: = the pathname currently being resolved\n"
10575 " l = symbolic link (both the link and its contents are output)\n"
10577 " b = block device\n"
10578 " c = character device\n"
10579 " p = FIFO (named pipe)\n"
10580 " - = regular file\n"
10581 " ? = an error of some kind\n"
10584 #. type: Plain text
10585 #: original/man1/namei.1:60
10587 "B<namei> prints an informative message when the maximum number of symbolic "
10588 "links this system can have has been exceeded."
10591 #. type: Plain text
10592 #: original/man1/namei.1:63
10593 msgid "B<-l>, B<--long>"
10596 #. type: Plain text
10597 #: original/man1/namei.1:65
10598 msgid "Use the long listing format (same as B<-m -o -v>)."
10601 #. type: Plain text
10602 #: original/man1/namei.1:68
10603 msgid "B<-m>, B<--modes>"
10606 #. type: Plain text
10607 #: original/man1/namei.1:70
10609 "Show the mode bits of each file type in the style of B<ls>(1), for example "
10610 "\\(aqrwxr-xr-x\\(aq."
10613 #. type: Plain text
10614 #: original/man1/namei.1:73
10615 msgid "B<-n>, B<--nosymlinks>"
10618 #. type: Plain text
10619 #: original/man1/namei.1:75
10620 msgid "Don\\(cqt follow symlinks."
10623 #. type: Plain text
10624 #: original/man1/namei.1:78
10625 msgid "B<-o>, B<--owners>"
10628 #. type: Plain text
10629 #: original/man1/namei.1:80
10630 msgid "Show owner and group name of each file."
10633 #. type: Plain text
10634 #: original/man1/namei.1:85
10635 msgid "Vertically align the modes and owners."
10638 #. type: Plain text
10639 #: original/man1/namei.1:88
10640 msgid "B<-x>, B<--mountpoints>"
10643 #. type: Plain text
10644 #: original/man1/namei.1:90
10645 msgid "Show mountpoint directories with a \\(aqD\\(aq rather than a \\(aqd\\(aq."
10648 #. type: Plain text
10649 #: original/man1/namei.1:104
10650 msgid "To be discovered."
10653 #. type: Plain text
10654 #: original/man1/namei.1:107
10655 msgid "The original B<namei> program was written by"
10658 #. type: Plain text
10659 #: original/man1/namei.1:110
10660 msgid "The program was rewritten by Karel Zak"
10663 #. type: Plain text
10664 #: original/man1/namei.1:116
10665 msgid "B<ls>(1), B<stat>(1), B<symlink>(7)"
10668 #. type: Plain text
10669 #: original/man1/namei.1:123
10671 "The B<namei> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
10676 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:10
10681 #. type: Plain text
10682 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:32
10683 msgid "newgrp - log in to a new group"
10686 #. type: Plain text
10687 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:35
10688 msgid "newgrp [I<group>]"
10691 #. type: Plain text
10692 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:38
10694 "B<newgrp> changes the group identification of its caller, analogously to "
10695 "B<login>(1). The same person remains logged in, and the current directory is "
10696 "unchanged, but calculations of access permissions to files are performed "
10697 "with respect to the new group ID."
10700 #. type: Plain text
10701 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:40
10702 msgid "If no group is specified, the GID is changed to the login GID."
10705 #. type: Plain text
10706 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:44
10707 msgid "I</etc/group>, I</etc/passwd>"
10710 #. type: Plain text
10711 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:47
10712 msgid "Originally by Michael Haardt. Currently maintained by"
10715 #. type: Plain text
10716 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:52
10717 msgid "B<login>(1), B<group>(5)"
10720 #. type: Plain text
10721 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:59
10723 "The B<newgrp> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
10728 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:10
10733 #. type: Plain text
10734 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:32
10735 msgid "nsenter - run program in different namespaces"
10738 #. type: Plain text
10739 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:35
10740 msgid "B<nsenter> [options] [I<program> [I<arguments>]]"
10743 #. type: Plain text
10744 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:38
10746 "The B<nsenter> command executes I<program> in the namespace(s) that are "
10747 "specified in the command-line options (described below). If I<program> is "
10748 "not given, then \"${SHELL}\" is run (default: I</bin/sh>)."
10751 #. type: Plain text
10752 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:40
10753 msgid "Enterable namespaces are:"
10756 #. type: Plain text
10757 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:42 original/man1/unshare.1:46
10758 msgid "B<mount namespace>"
10761 #. type: Plain text
10762 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:44
10764 "Mounting and unmounting filesystems will not affect the rest of the system, "
10765 "except for filesystems which are explicitly marked as shared (with B<mount "
10766 "--make-shared>; see I</proc/self/mountinfo> for the B<shared> flag). For "
10767 "further details, see B<mount_namespaces>(7) and the discussion of the "
10768 "B<CLONE_NEWNS> flag in B<clone>(2)."
10771 #. type: Plain text
10772 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:47 original/man1/unshare.1:53
10773 msgid "B<UTS namespace>"
10776 #. type: Plain text
10777 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:49 original/man1/unshare.1:55
10779 "Setting hostname or domainname will not affect the rest of the system. For "
10780 "further details, see B<uts_namespaces>(7)."
10783 #. type: Plain text
10784 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:52 original/man1/unshare.1:58
10785 msgid "B<IPC namespace>"
10788 #. type: Plain text
10789 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:54 original/man1/unshare.1:60
10791 "The process will have an independent namespace for POSIX message queues as "
10792 "well as System V message queues, semaphore sets and shared memory "
10793 "segments. For further details, see B<ipc_namespaces>(7)."
10796 #. type: Plain text
10797 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:57 original/man1/unshare.1:63
10798 msgid "B<network namespace>"
10801 #. type: Plain text
10802 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:59 original/man1/unshare.1:65
10804 "The process will have independent IPv4 and IPv6 stacks, IP routing tables, "
10805 "firewall rules, the I</proc/net> and I</sys/class/net> directory trees, "
10806 "sockets, etc. For further details, see B<network_namespaces>(7)."
10809 #. type: Plain text
10810 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:62 original/man1/unshare.1:68
10811 msgid "B<PID namespace>"
10814 #. type: Plain text
10815 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:64
10817 "Children will have a set of PID to process mappings separate from the "
10818 "B<nsenter> process. B<nsenter> will fork by default if changing the PID "
10819 "namespace, so that the new program and its children share the same PID "
10820 "namespace and are visible to each other. If B<--no-fork> is used, the new "
10821 "program will be exec\\(cqed without forking. For further details, see "
10822 "B<pid_namespaces>(7)."
10825 #. type: Plain text
10826 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:67 original/man1/unshare.1:78
10827 msgid "B<user namespace>"
10830 #. type: Plain text
10831 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:69 original/man1/unshare.1:80
10833 "The process will have a distinct set of UIDs, GIDs and capabilities. For "
10834 "further details, see B<user_namespaces>(7)."
10837 #. type: Plain text
10838 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:72 original/man1/unshare.1:73
10839 msgid "B<cgroup namespace>"
10842 #. type: Plain text
10843 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:74 original/man1/unshare.1:75
10845 "The process will have a virtualized view of I</proc/self/cgroup>, and new "
10846 "cgroup mounts will be rooted at the namespace cgroup root. For further "
10847 "details, see B<cgroup_namespaces>(7)."
10850 #. type: Plain text
10851 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:77 original/man1/unshare.1:83
10852 msgid "B<time namespace>"
10855 #. type: Plain text
10856 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:79 original/man1/unshare.1:85
10858 "The process can have a distinct view of B<CLOCK_MONOTONIC> and/or "
10859 "B<CLOCK_BOOTTIME> which can be changed using "
10860 "I</proc/self/timens_offsets>. For further details, see "
10861 "B<time_namespaces>(7)."
10864 #. type: Plain text
10865 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:83
10867 "Various of the options below that relate to namespaces take an optional "
10868 "I<file> argument. This should be one of the I</proc/[pid]/ns/*> files "
10869 "described in B<namespaces>(7), or the pathname of a bind mount that was "
10870 "created on one of those files."
10873 #. type: Plain text
10874 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:87
10876 "Enter all namespaces of the target process by the default "
10877 "I</proc/[pid]/ns/*> namespace paths. The default paths to the target process "
10878 "namespaces may be overwritten by namespace specific options (e.g., B<--all "
10879 "--mount>=[I<path>])."
10882 #. type: Plain text
10883 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:89
10885 "The user namespace will be ignored if the same as the caller\\(cqs current "
10886 "user namespace. It prevents a caller that has dropped capabilities from "
10887 "regaining those capabilities via a call to setns(). See B<setns>(2) for more "
10891 #. type: Plain text
10892 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:92
10893 msgid "B<-t>, B<--target> I<PID>"
10896 #. type: Plain text
10897 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:94
10899 "Specify a target process to get contexts from. The paths to the contexts "
10900 "specified by I<pid> are:"
10903 #. type: Plain text
10904 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:96
10905 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/mnt>"
10908 #. type: Plain text
10909 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:98
10910 msgid "the mount namespace"
10913 #. type: Plain text
10914 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:101
10915 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/uts>"
10918 #. type: Plain text
10919 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:103
10920 msgid "the UTS namespace"
10923 #. type: Plain text
10924 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:106
10925 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/ipc>"
10928 #. type: Plain text
10929 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:108
10930 msgid "the IPC namespace"
10933 #. type: Plain text
10934 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:111
10935 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/net>"
10938 #. type: Plain text
10939 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:113
10940 msgid "the network namespace"
10943 #. type: Plain text
10944 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:116
10945 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/pid>"
10948 #. type: Plain text
10949 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:118
10950 msgid "the PID namespace"
10953 #. type: Plain text
10954 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:121
10955 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/user>"
10958 #. type: Plain text
10959 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:123
10960 msgid "the user namespace"
10963 #. type: Plain text
10964 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:126
10965 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/cgroup>"
10968 #. type: Plain text
10969 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:128
10970 msgid "the cgroup namespace"
10973 #. type: Plain text
10974 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:131
10975 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/time>"
10978 #. type: Plain text
10979 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:133
10980 msgid "the time namespace"
10983 #. type: Plain text
10984 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:136
10985 msgid "I</proc/pid/root>"
10988 #. type: Plain text
10989 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:138
10990 msgid "the root directory"
10993 #. type: Plain text
10994 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:141
10995 msgid "I</proc/pid/cwd>"
10998 #. type: Plain text
10999 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:143
11000 msgid "the working directory respectively"
11003 #. type: Plain text
11004 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:147
11005 msgid "B<-m>, B<--mount>[=I<file>]"
11008 #. type: Plain text
11009 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:149
11011 "Enter the mount namespace. If no file is specified, enter the mount "
11012 "namespace of the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the mount "
11013 "namespace specified by I<file>."
11016 #. type: Plain text
11017 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:152
11018 msgid "B<-u>, B<--uts>[=I<file>]"
11021 #. type: Plain text
11022 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:154
11024 "Enter the UTS namespace. If no file is specified, enter the UTS namespace of "
11025 "the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the UTS namespace "
11026 "specified by I<file>."
11029 #. type: Plain text
11030 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:157
11031 msgid "B<-i>, B<--ipc>[=I<file>]"
11034 #. type: Plain text
11035 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:159
11037 "Enter the IPC namespace. If no file is specified, enter the IPC namespace of "
11038 "the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the IPC namespace "
11039 "specified by I<file>."
11042 #. type: Plain text
11043 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:162
11044 msgid "B<-n>, B<--net>[=I<file>]"
11047 #. type: Plain text
11048 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:164
11050 "Enter the network namespace. If no file is specified, enter the network "
11051 "namespace of the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the network "
11052 "namespace specified by I<file>."
11055 #. type: Plain text
11056 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:167
11057 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pid>[=I<file>]"
11060 #. type: Plain text
11061 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:169
11063 "Enter the PID namespace. If no file is specified, enter the PID namespace of "
11064 "the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the PID namespace "
11065 "specified by I<file>."
11068 #. type: Plain text
11069 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:172
11070 msgid "B<-U>, B<--user>[=I<file>]"
11073 #. type: Plain text
11074 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:174
11076 "Enter the user namespace. If no file is specified, enter the user namespace "
11077 "of the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the user namespace "
11078 "specified by I<file>. See also the B<--setuid> and B<--setgid> options."
11081 #. type: Plain text
11082 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:177
11083 msgid "B<-C>, B<--cgroup>[=I<file>]"
11086 #. type: Plain text
11087 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:179
11089 "Enter the cgroup namespace. If no file is specified, enter the cgroup "
11090 "namespace of the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the cgroup "
11091 "namespace specified by I<file>."
11094 #. type: Plain text
11095 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:182
11096 msgid "B<-T>, B<--time>[=I<file>]"
11099 #. type: Plain text
11100 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:184
11102 "Enter the time namespace. If no file is specified, enter the time namespace "
11103 "of the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the time namespace "
11104 "specified by I<file>."
11107 #. type: Plain text
11108 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:187 original/man1/unshare.1:198
11109 msgid "B<-G>, B<--setgid> I<gid>"
11112 #. type: Plain text
11113 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:189
11115 "Set the group ID which will be used in the entered namespace and drop "
11116 "supplementary groups. B<nsenter> always sets GID for user namespaces, the "
11120 #. type: Plain text
11121 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:192 original/man1/unshare.1:193
11122 msgid "B<-S>, B<--setuid> I<uid>"
11125 #. type: Plain text
11126 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:194
11128 "Set the user ID which will be used in the entered namespace. B<nsenter> "
11129 "always sets UID for user namespaces, the default is 0."
11132 #. type: Plain text
11133 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:197
11134 msgid "B<--preserve-credentials>"
11137 #. type: Plain text
11138 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:199
11140 "Don\\(cqt modify UID and GID when enter user namespace. The default is to "
11141 "drops supplementary groups and sets GID and UID to 0."
11144 #. type: Plain text
11145 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:202
11146 msgid "B<-r>, B<--root>[=I<directory>]"
11149 #. type: Plain text
11150 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:204
11152 "Set the root directory. If no directory is specified, set the root directory "
11153 "to the root directory of the target process. If directory is specified, set "
11154 "the root directory to the specified directory."
11157 #. type: Plain text
11158 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:207
11159 msgid "B<-w>, B<--wd>[=I<directory>]"
11162 #. type: Plain text
11163 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:209
11165 "Set the working directory. If no directory is specified, set the working "
11166 "directory to the working directory of the target process. If directory is "
11167 "specified, set the working directory to the specified directory."
11170 #. type: Plain text
11171 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:214
11173 "Do not fork before exec\\(cqing the specified program. By default, when "
11174 "entering a PID namespace, B<nsenter> calls B<fork> before calling B<exec> so "
11175 "that any children will also be in the newly entered PID namespace."
11178 #. type: Plain text
11179 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:217
11180 msgid "B<-Z>, B<--follow-context>"
11183 #. type: Plain text
11184 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:219
11186 "Set the SELinux security context used for executing a new process according "
11187 "to already running process specified by B<--target> PID. (The util-linux has "
11188 "to be compiled with SELinux support otherwise the option is unavailable.)"
11191 #. type: Plain text
11192 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:239
11193 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<setns>(2), B<namespaces>(7)"
11196 #. type: Plain text
11197 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:246
11199 "The B<nsenter> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
11204 #: original/man1/pg.1:10
11209 #. type: Plain text
11210 #: original/man1/pg.1:32
11211 msgid "pg - browse pagewise through text files"
11214 #. type: Plain text
11215 #: original/man1/pg.1:35
11217 "B<pg> B<-*>I<amount>B< *-p>I< prompt >B<-cefnrs>I< +line +/pattern/ file_ "
11221 #. type: Plain text
11222 #: original/man1/pg.1:38
11224 "B<pg> displays a text file on a CRT one screenful at once. After each page, "
11225 "a prompt is displayed. The user may then either press the newline key to "
11226 "view the next page or one of the keys described below."
11229 #. type: Plain text
11230 #: original/man1/pg.1:40
11232 "If no filename is given on the command line, B<pg> reads from standard "
11233 "input. If standard output is not a terminal, B<pg> acts like B<cat>(1) but "
11234 "precedes each file with its name if there is more than one."
11237 #. type: Plain text
11238 #: original/man1/pg.1:42
11240 "If input comes from a pipe, B<pg> stores the data in a buffer file while "
11241 "reading, to make navigation possible."
11244 #. type: Plain text
11245 #: original/man1/pg.1:45
11246 msgid "B<pg> accepts the following options:"
11249 #. type: Plain text
11250 #: original/man1/pg.1:49
11251 msgid "Start at the given line number."
11254 #. type: Plain text
11255 #: original/man1/pg.1:52
11256 msgid "B<+/>I<pattern>*/*"
11259 #. type: Plain text
11260 #: original/man1/pg.1:54
11261 msgid "Start at the line containing the Basic Regular Expression I<pattern> given."
11264 #. type: Plain text
11265 #: original/man1/pg.1:59
11267 "The number of lines per page. By default, this is the number of CRT lines "
11271 #. type: Plain text
11272 #: original/man1/pg.1:62
11276 #. type: Plain text
11277 #: original/man1/pg.1:64
11279 "Clear the screen before a page is displayed, if the terminfo entry for the "
11280 "terminal provides this capability."
11283 #. type: Plain text
11284 #: original/man1/pg.1:67
11288 #. type: Plain text
11289 #: original/man1/pg.1:69
11290 msgid "Do not pause and display I<(EOF)> at the end of a file."
11293 #. type: Plain text
11294 #: original/man1/pg.1:74
11295 msgid "Do not split long lines."
11298 #. type: Plain text
11299 #: original/man1/pg.1:77
11303 #. type: Plain text
11304 #: original/man1/pg.1:79
11305 msgid "Without this option, commands must be terminated by a newline character."
11308 #. type: Plain text
11309 #: original/man1/pg.1:81
11310 msgid "With this option, B<pg> advances once a command letter is entered."
11313 #. type: Plain text
11314 #: original/man1/pg.1:84
11315 msgid "B<-p> I<string>"
11318 #. type: Plain text
11319 #: original/man1/pg.1:86
11321 "Instead of the normal prompt I<:>, I<string> is displayed. If I<string> "
11322 "contains B<%d>, its first occurrence is replaced by the number of the "
11326 #. type: Plain text
11327 #: original/man1/pg.1:89
11331 #. type: Plain text
11332 #: original/man1/pg.1:91
11333 msgid "Disallow the shell escape."
11336 #. type: Plain text
11337 #: original/man1/pg.1:94 original/man1/whereis.1:73
11341 #. type: Plain text
11342 #: original/man1/pg.1:96
11344 "Print messages in I<standout> mode, if the terminfo entry for the terminal "
11345 "provides this capability."
11348 #. type: Plain text
11349 #: original/man1/pg.1:110
11351 "The following commands may be entered at the prompt. Commands preceded by "
11352 "I<i> in this document accept a number as argument, positive or negative. If "
11353 "this argument starts with B<+> or B<->, it is interpreted relative to the "
11354 "current position in the input file, otherwise relative to the beginning."
11357 #. type: Plain text
11358 #: original/man1/pg.1:112
11359 msgid "I<i>B<E<lt>EnterE<gt>>"
11362 #. type: Plain text
11363 #: original/man1/pg.1:114
11364 msgid "Display the next or the indicated page."
11367 #. type: Plain text
11368 #: original/man1/pg.1:117
11369 msgid "I<i>B<d> or B<^D>"
11372 #. type: Plain text
11373 #: original/man1/pg.1:119
11375 "Display the next halfpage. If I<i> is given, it is always interpreted "
11376 "relative to the current position."
11379 #. type: Plain text
11380 #: original/man1/pg.1:122
11384 #. type: Plain text
11385 #: original/man1/pg.1:124
11386 msgid "Display the next or the indicated line."
11389 #. type: Plain text
11390 #: original/man1/pg.1:127
11394 #. type: Plain text
11395 #: original/man1/pg.1:129
11397 "Skip a page forward. I<i> must be a positive number and is always "
11398 "interpreted relative to the current position."
11401 #. type: Plain text
11402 #: original/man1/pg.1:132
11403 msgid "I<i>B<w> or I<i>B<z>"
11406 #. type: Plain text
11407 #: original/man1/pg.1:134
11408 msgid "As B<E<lt>EnterE<gt>> except that I<i> becomes the new page size."
11411 #. type: Plain text
11412 #: original/man1/pg.1:137
11413 msgid "B<.> or B<^L>"
11416 #. type: Plain text
11417 #: original/man1/pg.1:139
11418 msgid "Redraw the screen."
11421 #. type: Plain text
11422 #: original/man1/pg.1:142
11426 #. type: Plain text
11427 #: original/man1/pg.1:144
11428 msgid "Advance to the last line of the input file."
11431 #. type: Plain text
11432 #: original/man1/pg.1:147
11433 msgid "I<i>B</>I<pattern>B</>"
11436 #. type: Plain text
11437 #: original/man1/pg.1:149
11439 "Search forward until the first or the I<i>-th occurrence of the Basic "
11440 "Regular Expression I<pattern> is found. The search starts after the current "
11441 "page and stops at the end of the file. No wrap-around is performed. I<i> "
11442 "must be a positive number."
11445 #. type: Plain text
11446 #: original/man1/pg.1:152
11447 msgid "I<i>B<?>I<pattern>B<?> or I<i>I<pattern>"
11450 #. type: Plain text
11451 #: original/man1/pg.1:154
11453 "Search backward until the first or the I<i>-th occurrence of the Basic "
11454 "Regular Expression I<pattern> is found. The search starts before the current "
11455 "page and stops at the beginning of the file. No wrap-around is "
11456 "performed. I<i> must be a positive number."
11459 #. type: Plain text
11460 #: original/man1/pg.1:157
11462 "The search commands accept an added letter. If B<t> is given, the line "
11463 "containing the pattern is displayed at the top of the screen, which is the "
11464 "default. B<m> selects the middle and B<b> the bottom of the screen. The "
11465 "selected position is used in following searches, too."
11468 #. type: Plain text
11469 #: original/man1/pg.1:159
11473 #. type: Plain text
11474 #: original/man1/pg.1:161
11475 msgid "Advance to the next file or I<i> files forward."
11478 #. type: Plain text
11479 #: original/man1/pg.1:164
11483 #. type: Plain text
11484 #: original/man1/pg.1:166
11485 msgid "Reread the previous file or I<i> files backward."
11488 #. type: Plain text
11489 #: original/man1/pg.1:169
11490 msgid "B<s> I<filename>"
11493 #. type: Plain text
11494 #: original/man1/pg.1:171
11495 msgid "Save the current file to the given I<filename>."
11498 #. type: Plain text
11499 #: original/man1/pg.1:174
11503 #. type: Plain text
11504 #: original/man1/pg.1:176
11505 msgid "Display a command summary."
11508 #. type: Plain text
11509 #: original/man1/pg.1:179
11510 msgid "B<!>I<command>"
11513 #. type: Plain text
11514 #: original/man1/pg.1:181
11515 msgid "Execute I<command> using the shell."
11518 #. type: Plain text
11519 #: original/man1/pg.1:184
11520 msgid "B<q> or B<Q>"
11523 #. type: Plain text
11524 #: original/man1/pg.1:186
11528 #. type: Plain text
11529 #: original/man1/pg.1:189
11531 "If the user presses the interrupt or quit key while B<pg> reads from the "
11532 "input file or writes on the terminal, B<pg> will immediately display the "
11533 "prompt. In all other situations these keys will terminate B<pg>."
11536 #. type: Plain text
11537 #: original/man1/pg.1:192
11538 msgid "The following environment variables affect the behavior of B<pg>:"
11541 #. type: Plain text
11542 #: original/man1/pg.1:194
11546 #. type: Plain text
11547 #: original/man1/pg.1:196
11548 msgid "Overrides the system-supplied number of columns if set."
11551 #. type: Plain text
11552 #: original/man1/pg.1:199
11553 msgid "B<LANG>, B<LC_ALL>, B<LC_COLLATE>, B<LC_CTYPE>, B<LC_MESSAGES>"
11556 #. type: Plain text
11557 #: original/man1/pg.1:201
11558 msgid "See B<locale>(7)."
11561 #. type: Plain text
11562 #: original/man1/pg.1:204
11566 #. type: Plain text
11567 #: original/man1/pg.1:206
11568 msgid "Overrides the system-supplied number of lines if set."
11571 #. type: Plain text
11572 #: original/man1/pg.1:211
11573 msgid "Used by the B<!> command."
11576 #. type: Plain text
11577 #: original/man1/pg.1:216
11578 msgid "Determines the terminal type."
11581 #. type: Plain text
11582 #: original/man1/pg.1:220
11583 msgid "B<pg> expects the terminal tabulators to be set every eight positions."
11586 #. type: Plain text
11587 #: original/man1/pg.1:222
11588 msgid "Files that include NUL characters cannot be displayed by B<pg>."
11591 #. type: Plain text
11592 #: original/man1/pg.1:231
11594 "B<cat>(1), B<more>(1), B<sh>(1p), B<terminfo>(5), B<locale>(7), B<regex>(7), "
11598 #. type: Plain text
11599 #: original/man1/pg.1:238
11601 "The B<pg> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
11606 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:10
11611 #. type: Plain text
11612 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:32
11613 msgid "prlimit - get and set process resource limits"
11616 #. type: Plain text
11617 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:35
11618 msgid "B<prlimit> [options] [B<--resource>[=I<limits>]] [B<--pid> I<PID>]"
11621 #. type: Plain text
11622 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:37
11623 msgid "B<prlimit> [options] [B<--resource>[=I<limits>]] I<command> [I<argument>...]"
11626 #. type: Plain text
11627 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:40
11629 "Given a process ID and one or more resources, B<prlimit> tries to retrieve "
11630 "and/or modify the limits."
11633 #. type: Plain text
11634 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:42
11636 "When I<command> is given, B<prlimit> will run this command with the given "
11640 #. type: Plain text
11641 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:44
11643 "The I<limits> parameter is composed of a soft and a hard value, separated by "
11644 "a colon (:), in order to modify the existing values. If no I<limits> are "
11645 "given, B<prlimit> will display the current values. If one of the values is "
11646 "not given, then the existing one will be used. To specify the unlimited or "
11647 "infinity limit (B<RLIM_INFINITY>), the -1 or \\(aqunlimited\\(aq string can "
11651 #. type: Plain text
11652 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:46
11654 "Because of the nature of limits, the soft limit must be lower or equal to "
11655 "the high limit (also called the ceiling). To see all available resource "
11656 "limits, refer to the RESOURCE OPTIONS section."
11659 #. type: Plain text
11660 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:56
11661 msgid "I<soft>:_hard_ Specify both limits."
11664 #. type: Plain text
11665 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:67
11666 msgid "I<soft>: Specify only the soft limit."
11669 #. type: Plain text
11670 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:78
11671 msgid ":I<hard> Specify only the hard limit."
11674 #. type: Plain text
11675 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:89
11676 msgid "I<value> Specify both limits to the same value."
11680 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:90
11682 msgid "GENERAL OPTIONS"
11685 #. type: Plain text
11686 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:103
11687 msgid "B<-o, --output> I<list>"
11690 #. type: Plain text
11691 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:105
11693 "Define the output columns to use. If no output arrangement is specified, "
11694 "then a default set is used. Use B<--help> to get a list of all supported "
11698 #. type: Plain text
11699 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:108
11700 msgid "B<-p, --pid>"
11703 #. type: Plain text
11704 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:110
11705 msgid "Specify the process id; if none is given, the running process will be used."
11708 #. type: Plain text
11709 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:113
11713 #. type: Plain text
11714 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:115 original/man1/uuidparse.1:148
11715 msgid "Use the raw output format."
11718 #. type: Plain text
11719 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:120
11720 msgid "Verbose mode."
11723 #. type: Plain text
11724 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:123
11725 msgid "B<-V, --version>"
11729 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:126
11731 msgid "RESOURCE OPTIONS"
11734 #. type: Plain text
11735 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:129
11736 msgid "B<-c, --core>[=I<limits>]"
11739 #. type: Plain text
11740 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:131
11741 msgid "Maximum size of a core file."
11744 #. type: Plain text
11745 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:134
11746 msgid "B<-d, --data>[=I<limits>]"
11749 #. type: Plain text
11750 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:136
11751 msgid "Maximum data size."
11754 #. type: Plain text
11755 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:139
11756 msgid "B<-e, --nice>[=I<limits>]"
11759 #. type: Plain text
11760 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:141
11761 msgid "Maximum nice priority allowed to raise."
11764 #. type: Plain text
11765 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:144
11766 msgid "B<-f, --fsize>[=I<limits>]"
11769 #. type: Plain text
11770 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:146
11771 msgid "Maximum file size."
11774 #. type: Plain text
11775 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:149
11776 msgid "B<-i, --sigpending>[=I<limits>]"
11779 #. type: Plain text
11780 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:151
11781 msgid "Maximum number of pending signals."
11784 #. type: Plain text
11785 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:154
11786 msgid "B<-l, --memlock>[=I<limits>]"
11789 #. type: Plain text
11790 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:156
11791 msgid "Maximum locked-in-memory address space."
11794 #. type: Plain text
11795 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:159
11796 msgid "B<-m, --rss>[=I<limits>]"
11799 #. type: Plain text
11800 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:161
11801 msgid "Maximum Resident Set Size (RSS)."
11804 #. type: Plain text
11805 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:164
11806 msgid "B<-n, --nofile>[=I<limits>]"
11809 #. type: Plain text
11810 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:166
11811 msgid "Maximum number of open files."
11814 #. type: Plain text
11815 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:169
11816 msgid "B<-q, --msgqueue>[=I<limits>]"
11819 #. type: Plain text
11820 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:171
11821 msgid "Maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues."
11824 #. type: Plain text
11825 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:174
11826 msgid "B<-r, --rtprio>[=I<limits>]"
11829 #. type: Plain text
11830 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:176
11831 msgid "Maximum real-time priority."
11834 #. type: Plain text
11835 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:179
11836 msgid "B<-s, --stack>[=I<limits>]"
11839 #. type: Plain text
11840 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:181
11841 msgid "Maximum size of the stack."
11844 #. type: Plain text
11845 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:184
11846 msgid "B<-t, --cpu>[=I<limits>]"
11849 #. type: Plain text
11850 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:186
11851 msgid "CPU time, in seconds."
11854 #. type: Plain text
11855 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:189
11856 msgid "B<-u, --nproc>[=I<limits>]"
11859 #. type: Plain text
11860 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:191
11861 msgid "Maximum number of processes."
11864 #. type: Plain text
11865 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:194
11866 msgid "B<-v, --as>[=I<limits>]"
11869 #. type: Plain text
11870 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:196
11871 msgid "Address space limit."
11874 #. type: Plain text
11875 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:199
11876 msgid "B<-x, --locks>[=I<limits>]"
11879 #. type: Plain text
11880 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:201
11881 msgid "Maximum number of file locks held."
11884 #. type: Plain text
11885 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:204
11886 msgid "B<-y, --rttime>[=I<limits>]"
11889 #. type: Plain text
11890 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:206
11891 msgid "Timeout for real-time tasks."
11894 #. type: Plain text
11895 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:210
11897 "The B<prlimit> system call is supported since Linux 2.6.36, older kernels "
11898 "will break this program."
11901 #. type: Plain text
11902 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:213
11903 msgid "B<prlimit --pid 13134>"
11906 #. type: Plain text
11907 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:215
11908 msgid "Display limit values for all current resources."
11911 #. type: Plain text
11912 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:218
11913 msgid "B<prlimit --pid 13134 --rss --nofile=1024:4095>"
11916 #. type: Plain text
11917 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:220
11919 "Display the limits of the RSS, and set the soft and hard limits for the "
11920 "number of open files to 1024 and 4095, respectively."
11923 #. type: Plain text
11924 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:223
11925 msgid "B<prlimit --pid 13134 --nproc=512:>"
11928 #. type: Plain text
11929 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:225
11930 msgid "Modify only the soft limit for the number of processes."
11933 #. type: Plain text
11934 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:228
11935 msgid "B<prlimit --pid $$ --nproc=unlimited>"
11938 #. type: Plain text
11939 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:230
11941 "Set for the current process both the soft and ceiling values for the number "
11942 "of processes to unlimited."
11945 #. type: Plain text
11946 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:233
11947 msgid "B<prlimit --cpu=10 sort -u hugefile>"
11950 #. type: Plain text
11951 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:235
11953 "Set both the soft and hard CPU time limit to ten seconds and run "
11957 #. type: Plain text
11958 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:240
11959 msgid "- In memory of Dennis M. Ritchie."
11962 #. type: Plain text
11963 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:244
11964 msgid "B<ulimit>(1p), B<prlimit>(2)"
11967 #. type: Plain text
11968 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:251
11970 "The B<prlimit> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
11975 #: original/man1/rename.1:10
11981 #: original/man1/rename.1:10
11986 #. type: Plain text
11987 #: original/man1/rename.1:32
11988 msgid "rename - rename files"
11991 #. type: Plain text
11992 #: original/man1/rename.1:35
11993 msgid "B<rename> [options] I<expression replacement file>..."
11996 #. type: Plain text
11997 #: original/man1/rename.1:38
11999 "B<rename> will rename the specified files by replacing the first occurrence "
12000 "of I<expression> in their name by I<replacement>."
12003 #. type: Plain text
12004 #: original/man1/rename.1:41
12005 msgid "B<-s>, B<--symlink>"
12008 #. type: Plain text
12009 #: original/man1/rename.1:43
12010 msgid "Do not rename a symlink but its target."
12013 #. type: Plain text
12014 #: original/man1/rename.1:48
12015 msgid "Show which files were renamed, if any."
12018 #. type: Plain text
12019 #: original/man1/rename.1:51
12020 msgid "B<-n>, B<--no-act>"
12023 #. type: Plain text
12024 #: original/man1/rename.1:53
12025 msgid "Do not make any changes; add B<--verbose> to see what would be made."
12028 #. type: Plain text
12029 #: original/man1/rename.1:56
12030 msgid "B<-o>, B<--no-overwrite>"
12033 #. type: Plain text
12034 #: original/man1/rename.1:58
12036 "Do not overwrite existing files. When B<--symlink> is active, do not "
12037 "overwrite symlinks pointing to existing targets."
12040 #. type: Plain text
12041 #: original/man1/rename.1:61
12042 msgid "B<-i>, B<--interactive>"
12045 #. type: Plain text
12046 #: original/man1/rename.1:63
12047 msgid "Ask before overwriting existing files."
12051 #: original/man1/rename.1:74
12056 #. type: Plain text
12057 #: original/man1/rename.1:77
12059 "The renaming has no safeguards by default or without any one of the options "
12060 "B<--no-overwrite>, B<--interactive> or B<--no-act>. If the user has "
12061 "permission to rewrite file names, the command will perform the action "
12062 "without any questions. For example, the result can be quite drastic when the "
12063 "command is run as root in the I</lib> directory. Always make a backup before "
12064 "running the command, unless you truly know what you are doing."
12068 #: original/man1/rename.1:77
12070 msgid "INTERACTIVE MODE"
12073 #. type: Plain text
12074 #: original/man1/rename.1:80
12076 "As most standard utilities rename can be used with a terminal device (tty in "
12077 "short) in canonical mode, where the line is buffered by the tty and you "
12078 "press ENTER to validate the user input. If you put your tty in cbreak mode "
12079 "however, rename requires only a single key press to answer the prompt. To "
12080 "set cbreak mode, run for example:"
12083 #. type: Plain text
12084 #: original/man1/rename.1:85
12087 "sh -c \\(aqstty -icanon min 1; \"$0\" \"$@\"; stty icanon\\(aq rename -i "
12091 #. type: Plain text
12092 #: original/man1/rename.1:93
12093 msgid "all requested rename operations were successful"
12096 #. type: Plain text
12097 #: original/man1/rename.1:98
12098 msgid "all rename operations failed"
12101 #. type: Plain text
12102 #: original/man1/rename.1:101
12106 #. type: Plain text
12107 #: original/man1/rename.1:103
12108 msgid "some rename operations failed"
12111 #. type: Plain text
12112 #: original/man1/rename.1:106
12116 #. type: Plain text
12117 #: original/man1/rename.1:108
12118 msgid "nothing was renamed"
12121 #. type: Plain text
12122 #: original/man1/rename.1:113
12123 msgid "unanticipated error occurred"
12126 #. type: Plain text
12127 #: original/man1/rename.1:117
12129 "Given the files I<foo1>, ..., I<foo9>, I<foo10>, ..., I<foo278>, the "
12133 #. type: Plain text
12134 #: original/man1/rename.1:123
12137 "rename foo foo00 foo?\n"
12138 "rename foo foo0 foo??\n"
12141 #. type: Plain text
12142 #: original/man1/rename.1:128
12144 "will turn them into I<foo001>, ..., I<foo009>, I<foo010>, ..., "
12148 #. type: Plain text
12149 #: original/man1/rename.1:133
12151 msgid "rename .htm .html *.htm\n"
12154 #. type: Plain text
12155 #: original/man1/rename.1:138
12157 "will fix the extension of your html files. Provide an empty string for "
12161 #. type: Plain text
12162 #: original/man1/rename.1:143
12164 msgid "rename \\(aq_with_long_name\\(aq \\(aq\\(aq file_with_long_name.*\n"
12167 #. type: Plain text
12168 #: original/man1/rename.1:148
12169 msgid "will remove the substring in the filenames."
12172 #. type: Plain text
12173 #: original/man1/rename.1:151
12177 #. type: Plain text
12178 #: original/man1/rename.1:158
12180 "The B<rename> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
12185 #: original/man1/renice.1:10
12190 #. type: Plain text
12191 #: original/man1/renice.1:32
12192 msgid "renice - alter priority of running processes"
12195 #. type: Plain text
12196 #: original/man1/renice.1:35
12197 msgid "B<renice> [B<-n>] I<priority> [B<-g>|B<-p>|B<-u>] I<identifier>..."
12200 #. type: Plain text
12201 #: original/man1/renice.1:38
12203 "B<renice> alters the scheduling priority of one or more running "
12204 "processes. The first argument is the I<priority> value to be used. The other "
12205 "arguments are interpreted as process IDs (by default), process group IDs, "
12206 "user IDs, or user names. B<renice>\\(aqing a process group causes all "
12207 "processes in the process group to have their scheduling priority "
12208 "altered. B<renice>\\(aqing a user causes all processes owned by the user to "
12209 "have their scheduling priority altered."
12212 #. type: Plain text
12213 #: original/man1/renice.1:41
12214 msgid "B<-n>, B<--priority> I<priority>"
12217 #. type: Plain text
12218 #: original/man1/renice.1:43
12220 "Specify the scheduling I<priority> to be used for the process, process "
12221 "group, or user. Use of the option B<-n> or B<--priority> is optional, but "
12222 "when used it must be the first argument."
12225 #. type: Plain text
12226 #: original/man1/renice.1:46
12227 msgid "B<-g>, B<--pgrp>"
12230 #. type: Plain text
12231 #: original/man1/renice.1:48
12232 msgid "Interpret the succeeding arguments as process group IDs."
12235 #. type: Plain text
12236 #: original/man1/renice.1:53
12237 msgid "Interpret the succeeding arguments as process IDs (the default)."
12240 #. type: Plain text
12241 #: original/man1/renice.1:56
12242 msgid "B<-u>, B<--user>"
12245 #. type: Plain text
12246 #: original/man1/renice.1:58
12247 msgid "Interpret the succeeding arguments as usernames or UIDs."
12250 #. type: Plain text
12251 #: original/man1/renice.1:72
12252 msgid "I</etc/passwd>"
12255 #. type: Plain text
12256 #: original/man1/renice.1:74
12257 msgid "to map user names to user IDs"
12260 #. type: Plain text
12261 #: original/man1/renice.1:78
12263 "Users other than the superuser may only alter the priority of processes they "
12264 "own. Furthermore, an unprivileged user can only I<increase> the \"nice "
12265 "value\" (i.e., choose a lower priority) and such changes are irreversible "
12266 "unless (since Linux 2.6.12) the user has a suitable \"nice\" resource limit "
12267 "(see B<ulimit>(1p) and B<getrlimit>(2))."
12270 #. type: Plain text
12271 #: original/man1/renice.1:80
12273 "The superuser may alter the priority of any process and set the priority to "
12274 "any value in the range -20 to 19. Useful priorities are: 19 (the affected "
12275 "processes will run only when nothing else in the system wants to), 0 (the "
12276 "\"base\" scheduling priority), anything negative (to make things go very "
12280 #. type: Plain text
12281 #: original/man1/renice.1:83
12282 msgid "The B<renice> command appeared in 4.0BSD."
12285 #. type: Plain text
12286 #: original/man1/renice.1:86
12288 "The following command would change the priority of the processes with PIDs "
12289 "987 and 32, plus all processes owned by the users daemon and root:"
12292 #. type: Plain text
12293 #: original/man1/renice.1:88
12294 msgid "B<renice +1 987 -u daemon root -p 32>"
12297 #. type: Plain text
12298 #: original/man1/renice.1:96
12300 "B<nice>(1), B<chrt>(1), B<getpriority>(2), B<setpriority>(2), "
12301 "B<credentials>(7), B<sched>(7)"
12304 #. type: Plain text
12305 #: original/man1/renice.1:103
12307 "The B<renice> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
12312 #: original/man1/rev.1:10
12317 #. type: Plain text
12318 #: original/man1/rev.1:32
12319 msgid "rev - reverse lines characterwise"
12322 #. type: Plain text
12323 #: original/man1/rev.1:35
12324 msgid "B<rev> [option] [I<file>...]"
12327 #. type: Plain text
12328 #: original/man1/rev.1:38
12330 "The B<rev> utility copies the specified files to standard output, reversing "
12331 "the order of characters in every line. If no files are specified, standard "
12335 #. type: Plain text
12336 #: original/man1/rev.1:40
12338 "This utility is a line-oriented tool and it uses in-memory allocated buffer "
12339 "for a whole wide-char line. If the input file is huge and without line "
12340 "breaks than allocate the memory for the file may be unsuccessful."
12343 #. type: Plain text
12344 #: original/man1/rev.1:54
12348 #. type: Plain text
12349 #: original/man1/rev.1:61
12351 "The B<rev> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
12356 #: original/man1/runuser.1:10
12361 #. type: Plain text
12362 #: original/man1/runuser.1:32
12363 msgid "runuser - run a command with substitute user and group ID"
12366 #. type: Plain text
12367 #: original/man1/runuser.1:35
12368 msgid "B<runuser> [options] B<-u> I<user> [[--] I<command> [I<argument>...]]"
12371 #. type: Plain text
12372 #: original/man1/runuser.1:37
12373 msgid "B<runuser> [options] [B<->] [I<user> [I<argument>...]]"
12376 #. type: Plain text
12377 #: original/man1/runuser.1:40
12379 "B<runuser> can be used to run commands with a substitute user and group "
12380 "ID. If the option B<-u> is not given, B<runuser> falls back to "
12381 "B<su>-compatible semantics and a shell is executed. The difference between "
12382 "the commands B<runuser> and B<su> is that B<runuser> does not ask for a "
12383 "password (because it may be executed by the root user only) and it uses a "
12384 "different PAM configuration. The command B<runuser> does not have to be "
12385 "installed with set-user-ID permissions."
12388 #. type: Plain text
12389 #: original/man1/runuser.1:42
12391 "If the PAM session is not required, then the recommended solution is to use "
12392 "the B<setpriv>(1) command."
12395 #. type: Plain text
12396 #: original/man1/runuser.1:44
12398 "When called without arguments, B<runuser> defaults to running an interactive "
12399 "shell as I<root>."
12402 #. type: Plain text
12403 #: original/man1/runuser.1:46
12405 "For backward compatibility, B<runuser> defaults to not changing the current "
12406 "directory and to setting only the environment variables B<HOME> and B<SHELL> "
12407 "(plus B<USER> and B<LOGNAME> if the target I<user> is not root). This "
12408 "version of B<runuser> uses PAM for session management."
12411 #. type: Plain text
12412 #: original/man1/runuser.1:48
12414 "Note that B<runuser> in all cases use PAM (pam_getenvlist()) to do the final "
12415 "environment modification. Command-line options such as B<--login> and "
12416 "B<--preserve-environment> affect the environment before it is modified by "
12420 #. type: Plain text
12421 #: original/man1/runuser.1:51 original/man1/su.1:51
12422 msgid "B<-c>, B<--command>=I<command>"
12425 #. type: Plain text
12426 #: original/man1/runuser.1:53 original/man1/su.1:53
12427 msgid "Pass I<command> to the shell with the B<-c> option."
12430 #. type: Plain text
12431 #: original/man1/runuser.1:56 original/man1/su.1:56
12432 msgid "B<-f>, B<--fast>"
12435 #. type: Plain text
12436 #: original/man1/runuser.1:58 original/man1/su.1:58
12438 "Pass B<-f> to the shell, which may or may not be useful, depending on the "
12442 #. type: Plain text
12443 #: original/man1/runuser.1:61 original/man1/su.1:61
12444 msgid "B<-g>, B<--group>=I<group>"
12447 #. type: Plain text
12448 #: original/man1/runuser.1:63
12449 msgid "The primary group to be used. This option is allowed for the root user only."
12452 #. type: Plain text
12453 #: original/man1/runuser.1:66 original/man1/su.1:66
12454 msgid "B<-G>, B<--supp-group>=I<group>"
12457 #. type: Plain text
12458 #: original/man1/runuser.1:68 original/man1/su.1:68
12460 "Specify a supplementary group. This option is available to the root user "
12461 "only. The first specified supplementary group is also used as a primary "
12462 "group if the option B<--group> is not specified."
12465 #. type: Plain text
12466 #: original/man1/runuser.1:71 original/man1/su.1:71
12467 msgid "B<->, B<-l>, B<--login>"
12470 #. type: Plain text
12471 #: original/man1/runuser.1:73 original/man1/su.1:73
12473 "Start the shell as a login shell with an environment similar to a real "
12477 #. type: Plain text
12478 #: original/man1/runuser.1:83
12480 "clears all the environment variables except for B<TERM> and variables "
12481 "specified by B<--whitelist-environment>"
12484 #. type: Plain text
12485 #: original/man1/runuser.1:94 original/man1/su.1:94
12487 "initializes the environment variables B<HOME>, B<SHELL>, B<USER>, "
12488 "B<LOGNAME>, and B<PATH>"
12491 #. type: Plain text
12492 #: original/man1/runuser.1:105 original/man1/su.1:105
12493 msgid "changes to the target user\\(cqs home directory"
12496 #. type: Plain text
12497 #: original/man1/runuser.1:116 original/man1/su.1:116
12499 "sets argv[0] of the shell to \\(aqB<->\\(aq in order to make the shell a "
12503 #. type: Plain text
12504 #: original/man1/runuser.1:120 original/man1/su.1:125
12505 msgid "B<-P>, B<--pty>"
12508 #. type: Plain text
12509 #: original/man1/runuser.1:122
12511 "Create a pseudo-terminal for the session. The independent terminal provides "
12512 "better security as the user does not share a terminal with the original "
12513 "session. This can be used to avoid TIOCSTI ioctl terminal injection and "
12514 "other security attacks against terminal file descriptors. The entire session "
12515 "can also be moved to the background (e.g., B<runuser --pty -u username \\(em "
12516 "command &>). If the pseudo-terminal is enabled, then B<runuser> works as a "
12517 "proxy between the sessions (copy stdin and stdout)."
12520 #. type: Plain text
12521 #: original/man1/runuser.1:124
12523 "This feature is mostly designed for interactive sessions. If the standard "
12524 "input is not a terminal, but for example a pipe (e.g., B<echo \"date\" | "
12525 "runuser --pty -u user>), then the ECHO flag for the pseudo-terminal is "
12526 "disabled to avoid messy output."
12529 #. type: Plain text
12530 #: original/man1/runuser.1:127 original/man1/su.1:120
12531 msgid "B<-m>, B<-p>, B<--preserve-environment>"
12534 #. type: Plain text
12535 #: original/man1/runuser.1:129
12537 "Preserve the entire environment, i.e., do not set B<HOME>, B<SHELL>, B<USER> "
12538 "or B<LOGNAME>. The option is ignored if the option B<--login> is specified."
12541 #. type: Plain text
12542 #: original/man1/runuser.1:132 original/man1/su.1:132
12543 msgid "B<-s>, B<--shell>=I<shell>"
12546 #. type: Plain text
12547 #: original/man1/runuser.1:134 original/man1/su.1:134
12549 "Run the specified I<shell> instead of the default. The shell to run is "
12550 "selected according to the following rules, in order:"
12553 #. type: Plain text
12554 #: original/man1/runuser.1:144 original/man1/su.1:144
12555 msgid "the shell specified with B<--shell>"
12558 #. type: Plain text
12559 #: original/man1/runuser.1:155
12561 "the shell specified in the environment variable B<SHELL> if the "
12562 "B<--preserve-environment> option is used"
12565 #. type: Plain text
12566 #: original/man1/runuser.1:166 original/man1/su.1:166
12567 msgid "the shell listed in the passwd entry of the target user"
12570 #. type: Plain text
12571 #: original/man1/runuser.1:177 original/man1/su.1:177
12575 #. type: Plain text
12576 #: original/man1/runuser.1:179
12578 "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e., not listed in "
12579 "I</etc/shells>), then the B<--shell> option and the B<SHELL> environment "
12580 "variables are ignored unless the calling user is root."
12583 #. type: Plain text
12584 #: original/man1/runuser.1:183 original/man1/su.1:183
12585 msgid "B<--session-command=>I<command>"
12588 #. type: Plain text
12589 #: original/man1/runuser.1:185 original/man1/su.1:185
12590 msgid "Same as B<-c>, but do not create a new session. (Discouraged.)"
12593 #. type: Plain text
12594 #: original/man1/runuser.1:188 original/man1/su.1:188
12595 msgid "B<-w>, B<--whitelist-environment>=I<list>"
12598 #. type: Plain text
12599 #: original/man1/runuser.1:190 original/man1/su.1:190
12601 "Don\\(cqt reset the environment variables specified in the comma-separated "
12602 "I<list> when clearing the environment for B<--login>. The whitelist is "
12603 "ignored for the environment variables B<HOME>, B<SHELL>, B<USER>, "
12604 "B<LOGNAME>, and B<PATH>."
12608 #: original/man1/runuser.1:201 original/man1/su.1:204
12610 msgid "CONFIG FILES"
12613 #. type: Plain text
12614 #: original/man1/runuser.1:204
12616 "B<runuser> reads the I</etc/default/runuser> and I</etc/login.defs> "
12617 "configuration files. The following configuration items are relevant for "
12621 #. type: Plain text
12622 #: original/man1/runuser.1:208
12624 "Defines the PATH environment variable for a regular user. The default value "
12625 "is I</usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin>."
12628 #. type: Plain text
12629 #: original/man1/runuser.1:213 original/man1/su.1:221
12631 "Defines the B<PATH> environment variable for root. B<ENV_SUPATH> takes "
12632 "precedence. The default value is "
12633 "I</usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin>."
12636 #. type: Plain text
12637 #: original/man1/runuser.1:216 original/man1/su.1:224
12638 msgid "B<ALWAYS_SET_PATH> (boolean)"
12641 #. type: Plain text
12642 #: original/man1/runuser.1:218
12644 "If set to I<yes> and --login and --preserve-environment were not specified "
12645 "B<runuser> initializes B<PATH>."
12648 #. type: Plain text
12649 #: original/man1/runuser.1:221 original/man1/su.1:228
12651 "The environment variable B<PATH> may be different on systems where I</bin> "
12652 "and I</sbin> are merged into I</usr>; this variable is also affected by the "
12653 "B<--login> command-line option and the PAM system setting (e.g., "
12657 #. type: Plain text
12658 #: original/man1/runuser.1:224
12660 "B<runuser> normally returns the exit status of the command it executed. If "
12661 "the command was killed by a signal, B<runuser> returns the number of the "
12665 #. type: Plain text
12666 #: original/man1/runuser.1:226
12667 msgid "Exit status generated by B<runuser> itself:"
12670 #. type: Plain text
12671 #: original/man1/runuser.1:230 original/man1/su.1:238
12672 msgid "Generic error before executing the requested command"
12675 #. type: Plain text
12676 #: original/man1/runuser.1:233 original/man1/su.1:241
12680 #. type: Plain text
12681 #: original/man1/runuser.1:235 original/man1/su.1:243
12682 msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
12685 #. type: Plain text
12686 #: original/man1/runuser.1:238 original/man1/su.1:246
12690 #. type: Plain text
12691 #: original/man1/runuser.1:240 original/man1/su.1:248
12692 msgid "The requested command was not found"
12695 #. type: Plain text
12696 #: original/man1/runuser.1:244
12697 msgid "I</etc/pam.d/runuser>"
12700 #. type: Plain text
12701 #: original/man1/runuser.1:246 original/man1/su.1:254
12702 msgid "default PAM configuration file"
12705 #. type: Plain text
12706 #: original/man1/runuser.1:249
12707 msgid "I</etc/pam.d/runuser-l>"
12710 #. type: Plain text
12711 #: original/man1/runuser.1:251 original/man1/su.1:259
12712 msgid "PAM configuration file if B<--login> is specified"
12715 #. type: Plain text
12716 #: original/man1/runuser.1:254
12717 msgid "I</etc/default/runuser>"
12720 #. type: Plain text
12721 #: original/man1/runuser.1:256
12722 msgid "runuser specific logindef config file"
12725 #. type: Plain text
12726 #: original/man1/runuser.1:259 original/man1/su.1:267
12727 msgid "I</etc/login.defs>"
12730 #. type: Plain text
12731 #: original/man1/runuser.1:261 original/man1/su.1:269
12732 msgid "global logindef config file"
12735 #. type: Plain text
12736 #: original/man1/runuser.1:265
12738 "This B<runuser> command was derived from coreutils\\(aq B<su>, which was "
12739 "based on an implementation by David MacKenzie, and the Fedora B<runuser> "
12740 "command by Dan Walsh."
12743 #. type: Plain text
12744 #: original/man1/runuser.1:272
12745 msgid "B<setpriv>(1), B<su>(1), B<login.defs>(5), B<shells>(5), B<pam>(8)"
12748 #. type: Plain text
12749 #: original/man1/runuser.1:279
12751 "The B<runuser> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
12756 #: original/man1/script.1:10
12761 #. type: Plain text
12762 #: original/man1/script.1:32
12763 msgid "script - make typescript of terminal session"
12766 #. type: Plain text
12767 #: original/man1/script.1:35
12768 msgid "B<script> [options] [I<file>]"
12771 #. type: Plain text
12772 #: original/man1/script.1:38
12774 "B<script> makes a typescript of everything on your terminal session. The "
12775 "terminal data are stored in raw form to the log file and information about "
12776 "timing to another (optional) structured log file. The timing log file is "
12777 "necessary to replay the session later by B<scriptreplay>(1) and to store "
12778 "additional information about the session."
12781 #. type: Plain text
12782 #: original/man1/script.1:40
12784 "Since version 2.35, B<script> supports multiple streams and allows the "
12785 "logging of input and output to separate files or all the one file. This "
12786 "version also supports new timing file which records additional "
12787 "information. The command B<scriptreplay --summary> then provides all the "
12791 #. type: Plain text
12792 #: original/man1/script.1:42
12794 "If the argument I<file> or option B<--log-out> I<file> is given, B<script> "
12795 "saves the dialogue in this I<file>. If no filename is given, the dialogue is "
12796 "saved in the file I<typescript>."
12799 #. type: Plain text
12800 #: original/man1/script.1:44
12802 "Note that logging input using B<--log-in> or B<--log-io> may record "
12803 "security-sensitive information as the log file contains all terminal session "
12804 "input (e.g., passwords) independently of the terminal echo flag setting."
12807 #. type: Plain text
12808 #: original/man1/script.1:47
12810 "Below, the I<size> argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes "
12811 "KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB "
12812 "(the \"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same meaning as \"KiB\"), or "
12813 "the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB "
12817 #. type: Plain text
12818 #: original/man1/script.1:49
12819 msgid "B<-a>, B<--append>"
12822 #. type: Plain text
12823 #: original/man1/script.1:51
12825 "Append the output to I<file> or to I<typescript>, retaining the prior "
12829 #. type: Plain text
12830 #: original/man1/script.1:56
12832 "Run the I<command> rather than an interactive shell. This makes it easy for "
12833 "a script to capture the output of a program that behaves differently when "
12834 "its stdout is not a tty."
12837 #. type: Plain text
12838 #: original/man1/script.1:59
12839 msgid "B<-E>, B<--echo> I<when>"
12842 #. type: Plain text
12843 #: original/man1/script.1:61
12845 "This option controls the B<ECHO> flag for the slave end of the session\\(cqs "
12846 "pseudoterminal. The supported modes are I<always>, I<never>, or I<auto>."
12849 #. type: Plain text
12850 #: original/man1/script.1:63
12852 "The default is I<auto> \\(em in this case, B<ECHO> enabled for the "
12853 "pseudoterminal slave; if the current standard input is a terminal, B<ECHO> "
12854 "is disabled for it to prevent double echo; if the current standard input is "
12855 "not a terminal (for example pipe: B<echo date | script>) then keeping "
12856 "B<ECHO> enabled for the pseudoterminal slave enables the standard input data "
12857 "to be viewed on screen while being recorded to session log simultaneously."
12860 #. type: Plain text
12861 #: original/man1/script.1:65
12863 "Note that \\(aqnever\\(aq mode affects content of the session output log, "
12864 "because users input is not repeated on output."
12867 #. type: Plain text
12868 #: original/man1/script.1:68
12869 msgid "B<-e>, B<--return>"
12872 #. type: Plain text
12873 #: original/man1/script.1:70
12875 "Return the exit status of the child process. Uses the same format as bash "
12876 "termination on signal termination (i.e., exit status is 128 + the signal "
12877 "number). The exit status of the child process is always stored in the type "
12881 #. type: Plain text
12882 #: original/man1/script.1:73
12883 msgid "B<-f>, B<--flush>"
12886 #. type: Plain text
12887 #: original/man1/script.1:75
12889 "Flush output after each write. This is nice for telecooperation: one person "
12890 "does B<mkfifo foo; script -f foo>, and another can supervise in real-time "
12891 "what is being done using B<cat foo>. Note that flush has an impact on "
12892 "performance; it\\(cqs possible to use B<SIGUSR1> to flush logs on demand."
12895 #. type: Plain text
12896 #: original/man1/script.1:78
12900 #. type: Plain text
12901 #: original/man1/script.1:80
12903 "Allow the default output file I<typescript> to be a hard or symbolic "
12904 "link. The command will follow a symbolic link."
12907 #. type: Plain text
12908 #: original/man1/script.1:83 original/man1/scriptlive.1:52
12909 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:59
12910 msgid "B<-B>, B<--log-io> I<file>"
12913 #. type: Plain text
12914 #: original/man1/script.1:85
12916 "Log input and output to the same I<file>. Note, this option makes sense only "
12917 "if B<--log-timing> is also specified, otherwise it\\(cqs impossible to "
12918 "separate output and input streams from the log I<file>."
12921 #. type: Plain text
12922 #: original/man1/script.1:88 original/man1/scriptlive.1:47
12923 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:49
12924 msgid "B<-I>, B<--log-in> I<file>"
12927 #. type: Plain text
12928 #: original/man1/script.1:90
12930 "Log input to the I<file>. The log output is disabled if only B<--log-in> "
12934 #. type: Plain text
12935 #: original/man1/script.1:92
12937 "Use this logging functionality carefully as it logs all input, including "
12938 "input when terminal has disabled echo flag (for example, password inputs)."
12941 #. type: Plain text
12942 #: original/man1/script.1:95 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:54
12943 msgid "B<-O>, B<--log-out> I<file>"
12946 #. type: Plain text
12947 #: original/man1/script.1:97
12949 "Log output to the I<file>. The default is to log output to the file with "
12950 "name I<typescript> if the option B<--log-out> or B<--log-in> is not "
12951 "given. The log output is disabled if only B<--log-in> specified."
12954 #. type: Plain text
12955 #: original/man1/script.1:100 original/man1/scriptlive.1:62
12956 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:69
12957 msgid "B<-T>, B<--log-timing> I<file>"
12960 #. type: Plain text
12961 #: original/man1/script.1:102
12963 "Log timing information to the I<file>. Two timing file formats are supported "
12964 "now. The classic format is used when only one stream (input or output) "
12965 "logging is enabled. The multi-stream format is used on B<--log-io> or when "
12966 "B<--log-in> and B<--log-out> are used together. See also "
12967 "B<--logging-format>."
12970 #. type: Plain text
12971 #: original/man1/script.1:105
12972 msgid "B<-m>, B<--logging-format> I<format>"
12975 #. type: Plain text
12976 #: original/man1/script.1:107
12978 "Force use of I<advanced> or I<classic> format. The default is the classic "
12979 "format to log only output and the advanced format when input as well as "
12980 "output logging is requested."
12983 #. type: Plain text
12984 #: original/man1/script.1:109
12985 msgid "B<Classic format>"
12988 #. type: Plain text
12989 #: original/man1/script.1:111
12991 "The log contains two fields, separated by a space. The first field indicates "
12992 "how much time elapsed since the previous output. The second field indicates "
12993 "how many characters were output this time."
12996 #. type: Plain text
12997 #: original/man1/script.1:114
12998 msgid "B<Advanced (multi-stream) format>"
13001 #. type: Plain text
13002 #: original/man1/script.1:116
13004 "The first field is an entry type identifier (\\(aqI\\(cqnput, "
13005 "\\(aqO\\(cqutput, \\(aqH\\(cqeader, \\(aqS\\(cqignal). The socond field is "
13006 "how much time elapsed since the previous entry, and the rest of the entry is "
13007 "type-specific data."
13010 #. type: Plain text
13011 #: original/man1/script.1:120
13012 msgid "B<-o>, B<--output-limit> I<size>"
13015 #. type: Plain text
13016 #: original/man1/script.1:122
13018 "Limit the size of the typescript and timing files to I<size> and stop the "
13019 "child process after this size is exceeded. The calculated file size does not "
13020 "include the start and done messages that the B<script> command prepends and "
13021 "appends to the child process output. Due to buffering, the resulting output "
13022 "file might be larger than the specified value."
13025 #. type: Plain text
13026 #: original/man1/script.1:127
13027 msgid "Be quiet (do not write start and done messages to standard output)."
13030 #. type: Plain text
13031 #: original/man1/script.1:130
13032 msgid "B<-t>[I<file>], B<--timing>[=I<file>]"
13035 #. type: Plain text
13036 #: original/man1/script.1:132
13038 "Output timing data to standard error, or to I<file> when given. This option "
13039 "is deprecated in favour of B<--log-timing> where the I<file> argument is not "
13044 #: original/man1/script.1:143 original/man1/su.1:201
13049 #. type: Plain text
13050 #: original/man1/script.1:146
13051 msgid "Upon receiving B<SIGUSR1>, B<script> immediately flushes the output files."
13054 #. type: Plain text
13055 #: original/man1/script.1:149
13056 msgid "The following environment variable is utilized by B<script>:"
13059 #. type: Plain text
13060 #: original/man1/script.1:153
13062 "If the variable B<SHELL> exists, the shell forked by B<script> will be that "
13063 "shell. If B<SHELL> is not set, the Bourne shell is assumed. (Most shells set "
13064 "this variable automatically)."
13067 #. type: Plain text
13068 #: original/man1/script.1:157
13070 "The script ends when the forked shell exits (a I<control-D> for the Bourne "
13071 "shell (B<sh>(1p)), and I<exit>, I<logout> or I<control-d> (if I<ignoreeof> "
13072 "is not set) for the C-shell, B<csh>(1))."
13075 #. type: Plain text
13076 #: original/man1/script.1:159
13078 "Certain interactive commands, such as B<vi>(1), create garbage in the "
13079 "typescript file. B<script> works best with commands that do not manipulate "
13080 "the screen, the results are meant to emulate a hardcopy terminal."
13083 #. type: Plain text
13084 #: original/man1/script.1:161
13086 "It is not recommended to run B<script> in non-interactive shells. The inner "
13087 "shell of B<script> is always interactive, and this could lead to unexpected "
13088 "results. If you use B<script> in the shell initialization file, you have to "
13089 "avoid entering an infinite loop. You can use for example the B<.profile> "
13090 "file, which is read by login shells only:"
13093 #. type: Plain text
13094 #: original/man1/script.1:169
13097 "if test -t 0 ; then\n"
13103 #. type: Plain text
13104 #: original/man1/script.1:174
13106 "You should also avoid use of B<script> in command pipes, as B<script> can "
13107 "read more input than you would expect."
13110 #. type: Plain text
13111 #: original/man1/script.1:177
13112 msgid "The B<script> command appeared in 3.0BSD."
13115 #. type: Plain text
13116 #: original/man1/script.1:180
13118 "B<script> places I<everything> in the log file, including linefeeds and "
13119 "backspaces. This is not what the naive user expects."
13122 #. type: Plain text
13123 #: original/man1/script.1:182
13125 "B<script> is primarily designed for interactive terminal sessions. When "
13126 "stdin is not a terminal (for example: B<echo foo | script>), then the "
13127 "session can hang, because the interactive shell within the script session "
13128 "misses EOF and B<script> has no clue when to close the session. See the "
13129 "B<NOTES> section for more information."
13132 #. type: Plain text
13133 #: original/man1/script.1:187
13135 "B<csh>(1) (for the I<history> mechanism), B<scriptreplay>(1), "
13139 #. type: Plain text
13140 #: original/man1/script.1:194
13142 "The B<script> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
13147 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:10
13152 #. type: Plain text
13153 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:32
13154 msgid "scriptlive - re-run session typescripts, using timing information"
13157 #. type: Plain text
13158 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:35
13159 msgid "B<scriptlive> [options] [B<-t>] I<timingfile> [B<-I>|B<-B>] I<typescript>"
13162 #. type: Plain text
13163 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:38
13165 "This program re-runs a typescript, using stdin typescript and timing "
13166 "information to ensure that input happens in the same rhythm as it originally "
13167 "appeared when the script was recorded."
13170 #. type: Plain text
13171 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:40
13173 "The B<session is executed> in a newly created pseudoterminal with the "
13174 "user\\(cqs $SHELL (or defaults to I</bin/bash>)."
13177 #. type: Plain text
13178 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:42
13180 "B<Be careful!> Do not forget that the typescript may contains arbitrary "
13181 "commands. It is recommended to use B<\"scriptreplay --stream in --log-in "
13182 "typescript\"> (or with B<--log-io> instead of B<--log-in>) to verify the "
13183 "typescript before it is executed by B<scriptlive>."
13186 #. type: Plain text
13187 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:44
13189 "The timing information is what script1 outputs to file specified by "
13190 "B<--log-timing>. The typescript has to contain stdin information and it is "
13191 "what script1 outputs to file specified by B<--log-in> or B<--log-io>."
13194 #. type: Plain text
13195 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:49 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:51
13196 msgid "File containing B<script>\\(aqs terminal input."
13199 #. type: Plain text
13200 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:54 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:61
13201 msgid "File containing B<script>\\(aqs terminal output and input."
13204 #. type: Plain text
13205 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:57 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:64
13206 msgid "B<-t>, B<--timing> I<file>"
13209 #. type: Plain text
13210 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:59 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:66
13212 "File containing B<script>\\(aqs timing output. This option overrides "
13213 "old-style arguments."
13216 #. type: Plain text
13217 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:64
13219 "Aliased to B<-t>, maintained for compatibility with B<script>(1) "
13220 "command-line options."
13223 #. type: Plain text
13224 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:67 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:84
13225 msgid "B<-d>, B<--divisor> I<number>"
13228 #. type: Plain text
13229 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:69 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:86
13231 "Speed up the replay displaying this I<number> of times. The argument is a "
13232 "floating-point number. It\\(cqs called divisor because it divides the "
13233 "timings by this factor. This option overrides old-style arguments."
13236 #. type: Plain text
13237 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:72 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:89
13238 msgid "B<-m>, B<--maxdelay> I<number>"
13241 #. type: Plain text
13242 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:74 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:91
13244 "Set the maximum delay between updates to I<number> of seconds. The argument "
13245 "is a floating-point number. This can be used to avoid long pauses in the "
13246 "typescript replay."
13249 #. type: Plain text
13250 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:97
13253 "% script --log-timing file.tm --log-in script.in\n"
13254 "Script started, file is script.out\n"
13256 "E<lt>etc, etcE<gt>\n"
13258 "Script done, file is script.out\n"
13259 "% scriptlive --log-timing file.tm --log-in script.in\n"
13262 #. type: Plain text
13263 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:106
13264 msgid "Copyright © 2019 Karel Zak"
13267 #. type: Plain text
13268 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:108 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:142
13270 "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO "
13271 "warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
13274 #. type: Plain text
13275 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:110 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:144
13276 msgid "Released under the GNU General Public License version 2 or later."
13279 #. type: Plain text
13280 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:114
13281 msgid "B<script>(1), B<scriptreplay>(1)"
13284 #. type: Plain text
13285 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:121
13287 "The B<scriptlive> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
13292 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:10
13294 msgid "SCRIPTREPLAY"
13297 #. type: Plain text
13298 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:32
13299 msgid "scriptreplay - play back typescripts, using timing information"
13302 #. type: Plain text
13303 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:35
13304 msgid "B<scriptreplay> [options] [B<-t>] I<timingfile> [I<typescript> [I<divisor>]]"
13307 #. type: Plain text
13308 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:38
13310 "This program replays a typescript, using timing information to ensure that "
13311 "output happens in the same rhythm as it originally appeared when the script "
13315 #. type: Plain text
13316 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:40
13318 "The replay simply displays the information again; the programs that were run "
13319 "when the typescript was being recorded are B<not run again>. Since the same "
13320 "information is simply being displayed, B<scriptreplay> is only guaranteed to "
13321 "work properly if run on the same type of terminal the typescript was "
13322 "recorded on. Otherwise, any escape characters in the typescript may be "
13323 "interpreted differently by the terminal to which B<scriptreplay> is sending "
13327 #. type: Plain text
13328 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:42
13330 "The timing information is what B<script>(1) outputs to file specified by "
13334 #. type: Plain text
13335 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:44
13337 "By default, the typescript to display is assumed to be named I<typescript>, "
13338 "but other filenames may be specified, as the second parameter or with option "
13342 #. type: Plain text
13343 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:46
13345 "If the third parameter or B<--divisor> is specified, it is used as a "
13346 "speed-up multiplier. For example, a speed-up of 2 makes B<scriptreplay> go "
13347 "twice as fast, and a speed-up of 0.1 makes it go ten times slower than the "
13348 "original session."
13351 #. type: Plain text
13352 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:56
13353 msgid "File containing B<script>\\(aqs terminal output."
13356 #. type: Plain text
13357 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:71
13359 "This is an alias for B<-t>, maintained for compatibility with B<script>(1) "
13360 "command-line options."
13363 #. type: Plain text
13364 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:74
13365 msgid "B<-s>, B<--typescript> I<file>"
13368 #. type: Plain text
13369 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:76
13371 "File containing B<script>\\(aqs terminal output. Deprecated alias to "
13372 "B<--log-out>. This option overrides old-style arguments."
13375 #. type: Plain text
13376 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:79
13377 msgid "B<-c>, B<--cr-mode> I<mode>"
13380 #. type: Plain text
13381 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:81
13383 "Specifies how to use the CR (0x0D, carriage return) character from log "
13384 "files. The default mode is I<auto>, in this case CR is replaced with line "
13385 "break for stdin log, because otherwise B<scriptreplay> would overwrite the "
13386 "same line. The other modes are I<never> and I<always>."
13389 #. type: Plain text
13390 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:94
13391 msgid "B<--summary>"
13394 #. type: Plain text
13395 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:96
13397 "Display details about the session recorded in the specified timing file and "
13398 "exit. The session has to be recorded using I<advanced> format (see "
13399 "B<script>(1)) option B<--logging-format> for more details)."
13402 #. type: Plain text
13403 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:99
13404 msgid "B<-x>, B<--stream> I<type>"
13407 #. type: Plain text
13408 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:101
13410 "Forces B<scriptreplay> to print only the specified stream. The supported "
13411 "stream types are I<in>, I<out>, I<signal>, or I<info>. This option is "
13412 "recommended for multi-stream logs (e.g., B<--log-io>) in order to print only "
13416 #. type: Plain text
13417 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:124
13420 "% script --log-timing file.tm --log-out script.out\n"
13421 "Script started, file is script.out\n"
13423 "E<lt>etc, etcE<gt>\n"
13425 "Script done, file is script.out\n"
13426 "% scriptreplay --log-timing file.tm --log-out script.out\n"
13429 #. type: Plain text
13430 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:130
13431 msgid "The original B<scriptreplay> program was written by"
13434 #. type: Plain text
13435 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:132
13436 msgid "The program was re-written in C by"
13439 #. type: Plain text
13440 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:138
13441 msgid "Copyright © 2008 James Youngman"
13444 #. type: Plain text
13445 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:140
13446 msgid "Copyright © 2008-2019 Karel Zak"
13449 #. type: Plain text
13450 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:148
13451 msgid "B<script>(1), B<scriptlive>(1)"
13454 #. type: Plain text
13455 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:155
13457 "The B<scriptreplay> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
13462 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:10
13467 #. type: Plain text
13468 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:32
13469 msgid "setpriv - run a program with different Linux privilege settings"
13472 #. type: Plain text
13473 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:35
13474 msgid "B<setpriv> [options] I<program> [I<arguments>]"
13477 #. type: Plain text
13478 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:38
13480 "Sets or queries various Linux privilege settings that are inherited across "
13484 #. type: Plain text
13485 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:40
13487 "In comparison to B<su>(1) and B<runuser>(1), B<setpriv> neither uses PAM, "
13488 "nor does it prompt for a password. It is a simple, non-set-user-ID wrapper "
13489 "around B<execve>(2), and can be used to drop privileges in the same way as "
13490 "B<setuidgid>(8) from B<daemontools>, B<chpst>(8) from B<runit>, or similar "
13491 "tools shipped by other service managers."
13494 #. type: Plain text
13495 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:43
13496 msgid "B<--clear-groups>"
13499 #. type: Plain text
13500 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:45
13501 msgid "Clear supplementary groups."
13504 #. type: Plain text
13505 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:48
13506 msgid "B<-d>, B<--dump>"
13509 #. type: Plain text
13510 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:50
13512 "Dump the current privilege state. This option can be specified more than "
13513 "once to show extra, mostly useless, information. Incompatible with all other "
13517 #. type: Plain text
13518 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:53
13519 msgid "B<--groups> I<group>..."
13522 #. type: Plain text
13523 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:55
13525 "Set supplementary groups. The argument is a comma-separated list of GIDs or "
13529 #. type: Plain text
13530 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:58
13532 "B<--inh-caps> (B<+>|B<->)I<cap>..., B<--ambient-caps> (B<+>|B<->)I<cap>..., "
13533 "B<--bounding-set> (B<+>|B<->)I<cap>..."
13536 #. type: Plain text
13537 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:60
13539 "Set the inheritable capabilities, ambient capabilities or the capability "
13540 "bounding set. See B<capabilities>(7). The argument is a comma-separated list "
13541 "of B<+>I<cap> and B<->I<cap> entries, which add or remove an entry "
13542 "respectively. I<cap> can either be a human-readable name as seen in "
13543 "B<capabilities>(7) without the I<cap_> prefix or of the format B<cap_N>, "
13544 "where I<N> is the internal capability index used by Linux. B<+all> and "
13545 "B<-all> can be used to add or remove all caps."
13548 #. type: Plain text
13549 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:62
13551 "The set of capabilities starts out as the current inheritable set for "
13552 "B<--inh-caps>, the current ambient set for B<--ambient-caps> and the current "
13553 "bounding set for B<--bounding-set>."
13556 #. type: Plain text
13557 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:64
13559 "Note the following restrictions (detailed in B<capabilities>(7)) regarding "
13560 "modifications to these capability sets:"
13563 #. type: Plain text
13564 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:74
13566 "A capability can be added to the inheritable set only if it is currently "
13567 "present in the bounding set."
13570 #. type: Plain text
13571 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:85
13573 "A capability can be added to the ambient set only if it is currently present "
13574 "in both the permitted and inheritable sets."
13577 #. type: Plain text
13578 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:96
13580 "Notwithstanding the syntax offered by B<setpriv>, the kernel does not permit "
13581 "capabilities to be added to the bounding set."
13584 #. type: Plain text
13585 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:100
13587 "If you drop a capability from the bounding set without also dropping it from "
13588 "the inheritable set, you are likely to become confused. Do not do that."
13591 #. type: Plain text
13592 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:102
13593 msgid "B<--keep-groups>"
13596 #. type: Plain text
13597 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:104
13599 "Preserve supplementary groups. Only useful in conjunction with B<--rgid>, "
13600 "B<--egid>, or B<--regid>."
13603 #. type: Plain text
13604 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:107
13605 msgid "B<--init-groups>"
13608 #. type: Plain text
13609 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:109
13611 "Initialize supplementary groups using initgroups3. Only useful in "
13612 "conjunction with B<--ruid> or B<--reuid>."
13615 #. type: Plain text
13616 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:112
13617 msgid "B<--list-caps>"
13620 #. type: Plain text
13621 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:114
13622 msgid "List all known capabilities. This option must be specified alone."
13625 #. type: Plain text
13626 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:117
13627 msgid "B<--no-new-privs>"
13630 #. type: Plain text
13631 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:119
13633 "Set the I<no_new_privs> bit. With this bit set, B<execve>(2) will not grant "
13634 "new privileges. For example, the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits as well "
13635 "as file capabilities will be disabled. (Executing binaries with these bits "
13636 "set will still work, but they will not gain privileges. Certain LSMs, "
13637 "especially AppArmor, may result in failures to execute certain programs.) "
13638 "This bit is inherited by child processes and cannot be unset. See "
13639 "B<prctl>(2) and I<Documentation/prctl/no_new_privs.txt> in the Linux kernel "
13643 #. type: Plain text
13644 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:121
13645 msgid "The I<no_new_privs> bit is supported since Linux 3.5."
13648 #. type: Plain text
13649 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:124
13650 msgid "B<--rgid> I<gid>, B<--egid> I<gid>, B<--regid> I<gid>"
13653 #. type: Plain text
13654 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:126
13656 "Set the real, effective, or both GIDs. The I<gid> argument can be given as a "
13657 "textual group name."
13660 #. type: Plain text
13661 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:128
13663 "For safety, you must specify one of B<--clear-groups>, B<--groups>, "
13664 "B<--keep-groups>, or B<--init-groups> if you set any primary I<gid>."
13667 #. type: Plain text
13668 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:131
13669 msgid "B<--ruid> I<uid>, B<--euid> I<uid>, B<--reuid> I<uid>"
13672 #. type: Plain text
13673 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:133
13675 "Set the real, effective, or both UIDs. The I<uid> argument can be given as a "
13676 "textual login name."
13679 #. type: Plain text
13680 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:135
13682 "Setting a I<uid> or I<gid> does not change capabilities, although the exec "
13683 "call at the end might change capabilities. This means that, if you are root, "
13684 "you probably want to do something like:"
13687 #. type: Plain text
13688 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:137
13689 msgid "B<setpriv --reuid=1000 --regid=1000 --inh-caps=-all>"
13692 #. type: Plain text
13693 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:140
13694 msgid "B<--securebits> (B<+>|B<->)I<securebit>..."
13697 #. type: Plain text
13698 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:142
13700 "Set or clear securebits. The argument is a comma-separated list. The valid "
13701 "securebits are I<noroot>, I<noroot_locked>, I<no_setuid_fixup>, "
13702 "I<no_setuid_fixup_locked>, and I<keep_caps_locked>. I<keep_caps> is cleared "
13703 "by B<execve>(2) and is therefore not allowed."
13706 #. type: Plain text
13707 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:145
13708 msgid "B<--pdeathsig keep>|B<clear>|B<E<lt>signalE<gt>>"
13711 #. type: Plain text
13712 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:147
13714 "Keep, clear or set the parent death signal. Some LSMs, most notably SELinux "
13715 "and AppArmor, clear the signal when the process\\(aq credentials "
13716 "change. Using B<--pdeathsig keep> will restore the parent death signal after "
13717 "changing credentials to remedy that situation."
13720 #. type: Plain text
13721 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:150
13722 msgid "B<--selinux-label> I<label>"
13725 #. type: Plain text
13726 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:152
13728 "Request a particular SELinux transition (using a transition on exec, not "
13729 "dyntrans). This will fail and cause B<setpriv> to abort if SELinux is not in "
13730 "use, and the transition may be ignored or cause B<execve>(2) to fail at "
13731 "SELinux\\(cqs whim. (In particular, this is unlikely to work in conjunction "
13732 "with I<no_new_privs>.) This is similar to B<runcon>(1)."
13735 #. type: Plain text
13736 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:155
13737 msgid "B<--apparmor-profile> I<profile>"
13740 #. type: Plain text
13741 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:157
13743 "Request a particular AppArmor profile (using a transition on exec). This "
13744 "will fail and cause B<setpriv> to abort if AppArmor is not in use, and the "
13745 "transition may be ignored or cause B<execve>(2) to fail at AppArmor\\(cqs "
13749 #. type: Plain text
13750 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:160
13751 msgid "B<--reset-env>"
13754 #. type: Plain text
13755 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:162
13757 "Clears all the environment variables except B<TERM>; initializes the "
13758 "environment variables B<HOME>, B<SHELL>, B<USER>, B<LOGNAME> according to "
13759 "the user\\(cqs passwd entry; sets B<PATH> to I</usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin> "
13760 "for a regular user and to "
13761 "I</usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin> for root."
13764 #. type: Plain text
13765 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:164
13767 "The environment variable B<PATH> may be different on systems where I</bin> "
13768 "and I</sbin> are merged into I</usr>. The environment variable B<SHELL> "
13769 "defaults to B</bin/sh> if none is given in the user\\(cqs passwd entry."
13772 #. type: Plain text
13773 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:178
13775 "If applying any specified option fails, I<program> will not be run and "
13776 "B<setpriv> will return with exit status 127."
13779 #. type: Plain text
13780 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:180
13782 "Be careful with this tool \\(em it may have unexpected security "
13783 "consequences. For example, setting I<no_new_privs> and then execing a "
13784 "program that is SELinux-confined (as this tool would do) may prevent the "
13785 "SELinux restrictions from taking effect."
13788 #. type: Plain text
13789 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:183
13791 "If you\\(cqre looking for behavior similar to B<su>(1)/B<runuser>(1), or "
13792 "B<sudo>(8) (without the B<-g> option), try something like:"
13795 #. type: Plain text
13796 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:185
13797 msgid "B<setpriv --reuid=1000 --regid=1000 --init-groups>"
13800 #. type: Plain text
13801 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:187
13802 msgid "If you want to mimic daemontools\\(aq B<setuid>(8), try:"
13805 #. type: Plain text
13806 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:189
13807 msgid "B<setpriv --reuid=1000 --regid=1000 --clear-groups>"
13810 #. type: Plain text
13811 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:198
13812 msgid "B<runuser>(1), B<su>(1), B<prctl>(2), B<capabilities>(7)"
13815 #. type: Plain text
13816 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:205
13818 "The B<setpriv> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
13823 #: original/man1/setsid.1:10
13828 #. type: Plain text
13829 #: original/man1/setsid.1:32
13830 msgid "setsid - run a program in a new session"
13833 #. type: Plain text
13834 #: original/man1/setsid.1:35
13835 msgid "B<setsid> [options] I<program> [I<arguments>]"
13838 #. type: Plain text
13839 #: original/man1/setsid.1:38
13841 "B<setsid> runs a program in a new session. The command calls B<fork>(2) if "
13842 "already a process group leader. Otherwise, it executes a program in the "
13843 "current process. This default behavior is possible to override by the "
13844 "B<--fork> option."
13847 #. type: Plain text
13848 #: original/man1/setsid.1:41
13849 msgid "B<-c>, B<--ctty>"
13852 #. type: Plain text
13853 #: original/man1/setsid.1:43
13854 msgid "Set the controlling terminal to the current one."
13857 #. type: Plain text
13858 #: original/man1/setsid.1:46 original/man1/unshare.1:131
13859 msgid "B<-f>, B<--fork>"
13862 #. type: Plain text
13863 #: original/man1/setsid.1:48
13864 msgid "Always create a new process."
13867 #. type: Plain text
13868 #: original/man1/setsid.1:51
13869 msgid "B<-w>, B<--wait>"
13872 #. type: Plain text
13873 #: original/man1/setsid.1:53
13875 "Wait for the execution of the program to end, and return the exit status of "
13876 "this program as the exit status of B<setsid>."
13879 #. type: Plain text
13880 #: original/man1/setsid.1:70
13881 msgid "B<setsid>(2)"
13884 #. type: Plain text
13885 #: original/man1/setsid.1:77
13887 "The B<setsid> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
13892 #: original/man1/setterm.1:10
13897 #. type: Plain text
13898 #: original/man1/setterm.1:32
13899 msgid "setterm - set terminal attributes"
13902 #. type: Plain text
13903 #: original/man1/setterm.1:35
13904 msgid "B<setterm> [options]"
13907 #. type: Plain text
13908 #: original/man1/setterm.1:38
13910 "B<setterm> writes to standard output a character string that will invoke the "
13911 "specified terminal capabilities. Where possible I<terminfo> is consulted to "
13912 "find the string to use. Some options however (marked \"virtual consoles "
13913 "only\" below) do not correspond to a B<terminfo>(5) capability. In this "
13914 "case, if the terminal type is \"con\" or \"linux\" the string that invokes "
13915 "the specified capabilities on the PC Minix virtual console driver is "
13916 "output. Options that are not implemented by the terminal are ignored."
13919 #. type: Plain text
13920 #: original/man1/setterm.1:41
13921 msgid "For boolean options (B<on> or B<off>), the default is B<on>."
13924 #. type: Plain text
13925 #: original/man1/setterm.1:43
13927 "Below, an I<8-color> can be B<black>, B<red>, B<green>, B<yellow>, B<blue>, "
13928 "B<magenta>, B<cyan>, or B<white>."
13931 #. type: Plain text
13932 #: original/man1/setterm.1:45
13934 "A I<16-color> can be an I<8-color>, or B<grey>, or B<bright> followed by "
13935 "B<red>, B<green>, B<yellow>, B<blue>, B<magenta>, B<cyan>, or B<white>."
13938 #. type: Plain text
13939 #: original/man1/setterm.1:47
13941 "The various color options may be set independently, at least on virtual "
13942 "consoles, though the results of setting multiple modes (for example, "
13943 "B<--underline> and B<--half-bright>) are hardware-dependent."
13946 #. type: Plain text
13947 #: original/man1/setterm.1:49
13949 "The optional arguments require \\(aq=\\(aq (equals sign) and not space "
13950 "between the option and the argument. For example --option=argument."
13953 #. type: Plain text
13954 #: original/man1/setterm.1:51
13955 msgid "B<--appcursorkeys> on|off"
13958 #. type: Plain text
13959 #: original/man1/setterm.1:53
13961 "Sets Cursor Key Application Mode on or off. When on, ESC O A, ESC O B, "
13962 "etc. will be sent for the cursor keys instead of ESC [ A, ESC [ B, etc. See "
13963 "the I<vi and Cursor-Keys> section of the I<Text-Terminal-HOWTO> for how this "
13964 "can cause problems for B<vi> users. Virtual consoles only."
13967 #. type: Plain text
13968 #: original/man1/setterm.1:56
13969 msgid "B<--append> I<console_number>"
13972 #. type: Plain text
13973 #: original/man1/setterm.1:58
13975 "Like B<--dump>, but appends to the snapshot file instead of overwriting "
13976 "it. Only works if no B<--dump> options are given."
13979 #. type: Plain text
13980 #: original/man1/setterm.1:61
13981 msgid "B<--background> I<8-color>|default"
13984 #. type: Plain text
13985 #: original/man1/setterm.1:63
13986 msgid "Sets the background text color."
13989 #. type: Plain text
13990 #: original/man1/setterm.1:66
13991 msgid "B<--blank>[=0-60|force|poke]"
13994 #. type: Plain text
13995 #: original/man1/setterm.1:68
13997 "Sets the interval of inactivity, in minutes, after which the screen will be "
13998 "automatically blanked (using APM if available). Without an argument, it gets "
13999 "the blank status (returns which vt was blanked, or zero for an unblanked "
14000 "vt). Virtual consoles only."
14003 #. type: Plain text
14004 #: original/man1/setterm.1:70
14005 msgid "The B<force> argument keeps the screen blank even if a key is pressed."
14008 #. type: Plain text
14009 #: original/man1/setterm.1:72
14010 msgid "The B<poke> argument unblanks the screen."
14013 #. type: Plain text
14014 #: original/man1/setterm.1:75
14015 msgid "B<--bfreq>[=I<number>]"
14018 #. type: Plain text
14019 #: original/man1/setterm.1:77
14021 "Sets the bell frequency in Hertz. Without an argument, it defaults to "
14022 "B<0>. Virtual consoles only."
14025 #. type: Plain text
14026 #: original/man1/setterm.1:80
14027 msgid "B<--blength>[=0-2000]"
14030 #. type: Plain text
14031 #: original/man1/setterm.1:82
14033 "Sets the bell duration in milliseconds. Without an argument, it defaults to "
14034 "B<0>. Virtual consoles only."
14037 #. type: Plain text
14038 #: original/man1/setterm.1:85
14039 msgid "B<--blink> on|off"
14042 #. type: Plain text
14043 #: original/man1/setterm.1:87
14045 "Turns blink mode on or off. Except on a virtual console, B<--blink off> "
14046 "turns off all attributes (bold, half-brightness, blink, reverse)."
14049 #. type: Plain text
14050 #: original/man1/setterm.1:90
14051 msgid "B<--bold> on|off"
14054 #. type: Plain text
14055 #: original/man1/setterm.1:92
14057 "urns bold (extra bright) mode on or off. Except on a virtual console, "
14058 "B<--bold off> turns off all attributes (bold, half-brightness, blink, "
14062 #. type: Plain text
14063 #: original/man1/setterm.1:95
14064 msgid "B<--clear>[=all|rest]"
14067 #. type: Plain text
14068 #: original/man1/setterm.1:97
14070 "Without an argument or with the argument B<all>, the entire screen is "
14071 "cleared and the cursor is set to the home position, just like B<clear>(1) "
14072 "does. With the argument B<rest>, the screen is cleared from the current "
14073 "cursor position to the end."
14076 #. type: Plain text
14077 #: original/man1/setterm.1:100
14078 msgid "B<--clrtabs>[=I<tab1 tab2 tab3> ...]"
14081 #. type: Plain text
14082 #: original/man1/setterm.1:102
14084 "Clears tab stops from the given horizontal cursor positions, in the range "
14085 "B<1-160>. Without arguments, it clears all tab stops. Virtual consoles only."
14088 #. type: Plain text
14089 #: original/man1/setterm.1:105
14090 msgid "B<--cursor> on|off"
14093 #. type: Plain text
14094 #: original/man1/setterm.1:107
14095 msgid "Turns the terminal\\(cqs cursor on or off."
14098 #. type: Plain text
14099 #: original/man1/setterm.1:110
14100 msgid "B<--default>"
14103 #. type: Plain text
14104 #: original/man1/setterm.1:112
14105 msgid "Sets the terminal\\(cqs rendering options to the default values."
14108 #. type: Plain text
14109 #: original/man1/setterm.1:115
14110 msgid "B<--dump>[=I<console_number>]"
14113 #. type: Plain text
14114 #: original/man1/setterm.1:117
14116 "Writes a snapshot of the virtual console with the given number to the file "
14117 "specified with the B<--file> option, overwriting its contents; the default "
14118 "is I<screen.dump>. Without an argument, it dumps the current virtual "
14119 "console. This overrides B<--append>."
14122 #. type: Plain text
14123 #: original/man1/setterm.1:120
14124 msgid "B<--file> I<filename>"
14127 #. type: Plain text
14128 #: original/man1/setterm.1:122
14130 "Sets the snapshot file name for any B<--dump> or B<--append> options on the "
14131 "same command line. If this option is not present, the default is "
14132 "I<screen.dump> in the current directory. A path name that exceeds the system "
14133 "maximum will be truncated, see B<PATH_MAX> from I<linux/limits.h> for the "
14137 #. type: Plain text
14138 #: original/man1/setterm.1:125
14139 msgid "B<--foreground> I<8-color>|default"
14142 #. type: Plain text
14143 #: original/man1/setterm.1:127
14144 msgid "Sets the foreground text color."
14147 #. type: Plain text
14148 #: original/man1/setterm.1:130
14149 msgid "B<--half-bright> on|off"
14152 #. type: Plain text
14153 #: original/man1/setterm.1:132
14155 "Turns dim (half-brightness) mode on or off. Except on a virtual console, "
14156 "B<--half-bright off> turns off all attributes (bold, half-brightness, blink, "
14160 #. type: Plain text
14161 #: original/man1/setterm.1:135
14162 msgid "B<--hbcolor> [bright] I<16-color>"
14165 #. type: Plain text
14166 #: original/man1/setterm.1:137
14167 msgid "Sets the color for half-bright characters."
14170 #. type: Plain text
14171 #: original/man1/setterm.1:140
14172 msgid "B<--initialize>"
14175 #. type: Plain text
14176 #: original/man1/setterm.1:142
14178 "Displays the terminal initialization string, which typically sets the "
14179 "terminal\\(cqs rendering options, and other attributes to the default "
14183 #. type: Plain text
14184 #: original/man1/setterm.1:145
14185 msgid "B<--inversescreen> on|off"
14188 #. type: Plain text
14189 #: original/man1/setterm.1:147
14190 msgid "Swaps foreground and background colors for the whole screen."
14193 #. type: Plain text
14194 #: original/man1/setterm.1:150
14195 msgid "B<--linewrap> on|off"
14198 #. type: Plain text
14199 #: original/man1/setterm.1:152
14200 msgid "Makes the terminal continue on a new line when a line is full."
14203 #. type: Plain text
14204 #: original/man1/setterm.1:155
14205 msgid "B<--msg> on|off"
14208 #. type: Plain text
14209 #: original/man1/setterm.1:157
14211 "Enables or disables the sending of kernel B<printk>() messages to the "
14212 "console. Virtual consoles only."
14215 #. type: Plain text
14216 #: original/man1/setterm.1:160
14217 msgid "B<--msglevel> 0-8"
14220 #. type: Plain text
14221 #: original/man1/setterm.1:162
14223 "Sets the console logging level for kernel B<printk()> messages. All messages "
14224 "strictly more important than this will be printed, so a logging level of "
14225 "B<0> has the same effect as B<--msg on> and a logging level of B<8> will "
14226 "print all kernel messages. B<klogd>(8) may be a more convenient interface to "
14227 "the logging of kernel messages."
14230 #. type: Plain text
14231 #: original/man1/setterm.1:164
14232 msgid "Virtual consoles only."
14235 #. type: Plain text
14236 #: original/man1/setterm.1:167
14237 msgid "B<--powerdown>[=0-60]"
14240 #. type: Plain text
14241 #: original/man1/setterm.1:169
14243 "Sets the VESA powerdown interval in minutes. Without an argument, it "
14244 "defaults to B<0> (disable powerdown). If the console is blanked or the "
14245 "monitor is in suspend mode, then the monitor will go into vsync suspend mode "
14246 "or powerdown mode respectively after this period of time has elapsed."
14249 #. type: Plain text
14250 #: original/man1/setterm.1:172
14251 msgid "B<--powersave> I<mode>"
14254 #. type: Plain text
14255 #: original/man1/setterm.1:174
14256 msgid "Valid values for I<mode> are:"
14259 #. type: Plain text
14260 #: original/man1/setterm.1:176
14261 msgid "B<vsync|on>"
14264 #. type: Plain text
14265 #: original/man1/setterm.1:178
14266 msgid "Puts the monitor into VESA vsync suspend mode."
14269 #. type: Plain text
14270 #: original/man1/setterm.1:181
14274 #. type: Plain text
14275 #: original/man1/setterm.1:183
14276 msgid "Puts the monitor into VESA hsync suspend mode."
14279 #. type: Plain text
14280 #: original/man1/setterm.1:186
14281 msgid "B<powerdown>"
14284 #. type: Plain text
14285 #: original/man1/setterm.1:188
14286 msgid "Puts the monitor into VESA powerdown mode."
14289 #. type: Plain text
14290 #: original/man1/setterm.1:191
14294 #. type: Plain text
14295 #: original/man1/setterm.1:193
14296 msgid "Turns monitor VESA powersaving features."
14299 #. type: Plain text
14300 #: original/man1/setterm.1:197
14301 msgid "B<--regtabs>[=1-160]"
14304 #. type: Plain text
14305 #: original/man1/setterm.1:199
14307 "Clears all tab stops, then sets a regular tab stop pattern, with one tab "
14308 "every specified number of positions. Without an argument, it defaults to "
14309 "B<8>. Virtual consoles only."
14312 #. type: Plain text
14313 #: original/man1/setterm.1:202
14314 msgid "B<--repeat> on|off"
14317 #. type: Plain text
14318 #: original/man1/setterm.1:204
14319 msgid "Turns keyboard repeat on or off. Virtual consoles only."
14322 #. type: Plain text
14323 #: original/man1/setterm.1:207
14327 #. type: Plain text
14328 #: original/man1/setterm.1:209
14330 "Displays the terminal reset string, which typically resets the terminal to "
14331 "its power-on state."
14334 #. type: Plain text
14335 #: original/man1/setterm.1:212
14336 msgid "B<--resize>"
14339 #. type: Plain text
14340 #: original/man1/setterm.1:214
14342 "Reset terminal size by assessing maximum row and column. This is useful when "
14343 "actual geometry and kernel terminal driver are not in sync. Most notable use "
14344 "case is with serial consoles, that do not use B<ioctl>(3p) but just byte "
14345 "streams and breaks."
14348 #. type: Plain text
14349 #: original/man1/setterm.1:217
14350 msgid "B<--reverse> on|off"
14353 #. type: Plain text
14354 #: original/man1/setterm.1:219
14356 "Turns reverse video mode on or off. Except on a virtual console, B<--reverse "
14357 "off> turns off all attributes (bold, half-brightness, blink, reverse)."
14360 #. type: Plain text
14361 #: original/man1/setterm.1:222
14365 #. type: Plain text
14366 #: original/man1/setterm.1:224
14368 "Stores the terminal\\(cqs current rendering options (foreground and "
14369 "background colors) as the values to be used at reset-to-default. Virtual "
14373 #. type: Plain text
14374 #: original/man1/setterm.1:227
14375 msgid "B<--tabs>[=I<tab1 tab2 tab3> ...]"
14378 #. type: Plain text
14379 #: original/man1/setterm.1:229
14381 "Sets tab stops at the given horizontal cursor positions, in the range "
14382 "B<1-160>. Without arguments, it shows the current tab stop settings."
14385 #. type: Plain text
14386 #: original/man1/setterm.1:232
14387 msgid "B<--term> I<terminal_name>"
14390 #. type: Plain text
14391 #: original/man1/setterm.1:234
14392 msgid "Overrides the B<TERM> environment variable."
14395 #. type: Plain text
14396 #: original/man1/setterm.1:237
14397 msgid "B<--ulcolor> [bright] I<16-color>"
14400 #. type: Plain text
14401 #: original/man1/setterm.1:239
14402 msgid "Sets the color for underlined characters. Virtual consoles only."
14405 #. type: Plain text
14406 #: original/man1/setterm.1:242
14407 msgid "B<--underline> on|off"
14410 #. type: Plain text
14411 #: original/man1/setterm.1:244
14412 msgid "Turns underline mode on or off."
14415 #. type: Plain text
14416 #: original/man1/setterm.1:247
14417 msgid "B<--version>"
14420 #. type: Plain text
14421 #: original/man1/setterm.1:249
14422 msgid "Displays version information and exits."
14425 #. type: Plain text
14426 #: original/man1/setterm.1:254
14427 msgid "Displays a help text and exits."
14430 #. type: Plain text
14431 #: original/man1/setterm.1:258
14433 "Since version 2.25 B<setterm> has support for long options with two hyphens, "
14434 "for example B<--help>, beside the historical long options with a single "
14435 "hyphen, for example B<-help>. In scripts it is better to use the "
14436 "backward-compatible single hyphen rather than the double hyphen. Currently "
14437 "there are no plans nor good reasons to discontinue single-hyphen "
14441 #. type: Plain text
14442 #: original/man1/setterm.1:261
14443 msgid "Differences between the Minix and Linux versions are not documented."
14446 #. type: Plain text
14447 #: original/man1/setterm.1:267
14448 msgid "B<stty>(1), B<tput>(1), B<tty>(4), B<terminfo>(5)"
14451 #. type: Plain text
14452 #: original/man1/setterm.1:274
14454 "The B<setterm> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
14459 #: original/man1/su.1:10
14464 #. type: Plain text
14465 #: original/man1/su.1:32
14466 msgid "su - run a command with substitute user and group ID"
14469 #. type: Plain text
14470 #: original/man1/su.1:35
14471 msgid "B<su> [options] [B<->] [I<user> [I<argument>...]]"
14474 #. type: Plain text
14475 #: original/man1/su.1:38
14476 msgid "B<su> allows commands to be run with a substitute user and group ID."
14479 #. type: Plain text
14480 #: original/man1/su.1:40
14482 "When called with no I<user> specified, B<su> defaults to running an "
14483 "interactive shell as I<root>. When I<user> is specified, additional "
14484 "I<argument>s can be supplied, in which case they are passed to the shell."
14487 #. type: Plain text
14488 #: original/man1/su.1:42
14490 "For backward compatibility, B<su> defaults to not change the current "
14491 "directory and to only set the environment variables B<HOME> and B<SHELL> "
14492 "(plus B<USER> and B<LOGNAME> if the target I<user> is not root). It is "
14493 "recommended to always use the B<--login> option (instead of its shortcut "
14494 "B<->) to avoid side effects caused by mixing environments."
14497 #. type: Plain text
14498 #: original/man1/su.1:44
14500 "This version of B<su> uses PAM for authentication, account and session "
14501 "management. Some configuration options found in other B<su> implementations, "
14502 "such as support for a wheel group, have to be configured via PAM."
14505 #. type: Plain text
14506 #: original/man1/su.1:46
14508 "B<su> is mostly designed for unprivileged users, the recommended solution "
14509 "for privileged users (e.g., scripts executed by root) is to use "
14510 "non-set-user-ID command B<runuser>(1) that does not require authentication "
14511 "and provides separate PAM configuration. If the PAM session is not required "
14512 "at all then the recommended solution is to use command B<setpriv>(1)."
14515 #. type: Plain text
14516 #: original/man1/su.1:48
14518 "Note that B<su> in all cases uses PAM (B<pam_getenvlist>(3)) to do the final "
14519 "environment modification. Command-line options such as B<--login> and "
14520 "B<--preserve-environment> affect the environment before it is modified by "
14524 #. type: Plain text
14525 #: original/man1/su.1:63
14526 msgid "Specify the primary group. This option is available to the root user only."
14529 #. type: Plain text
14530 #: original/man1/su.1:83
14532 "clears all the environment variables except B<TERM> and variables specified "
14533 "by B<--whitelist-environment>"
14536 #. type: Plain text
14537 #: original/man1/su.1:122
14539 "Preserve the entire environment, i.e., do not set B<HOME>, B<SHELL>, B<USER> "
14540 "or B<LOGNAME>. This option is ignored if the option B<--login> is specified."
14543 #. type: Plain text
14544 #: original/man1/su.1:127
14546 "Create a pseudo-terminal for the session. The independent terminal provides "
14547 "better security as the user does not share a terminal with the original "
14548 "session. This can be used to avoid TIOCSTI ioctl terminal injection and "
14549 "other security attacks against terminal file descriptors. The entire session "
14550 "can also be moved to the background (e.g., \"su --pty - username -c "
14551 "application &\"). If the pseudo-terminal is enabled, then B<su> works as a "
14552 "proxy between the sessions (copy stdin and stdout)."
14555 #. type: Plain text
14556 #: original/man1/su.1:129
14558 "This feature is mostly designed for interactive sessions. If the standard "
14559 "input is not a terminal, but for example a pipe (e.g., echo \"date\" | su "
14560 "--pty), then the ECHO flag for the pseudo-terminal is disabled to avoid "
14564 #. type: Plain text
14565 #: original/man1/su.1:155
14567 "the shell specified in the environment variable B<SHELL>, if the "
14568 "B<--preserve-environment> option is used"
14571 #. type: Plain text
14572 #: original/man1/su.1:181
14574 "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e., not listed in /etc/shells), "
14575 "the B<--shell> option and the B<SHELL> environment variables are ignored "
14576 "unless the calling user is root."
14579 #. type: Plain text
14580 #: original/man1/su.1:204
14582 "Upon receiving either B<SIGINT>, B<SIGQUIT> or B<SIGTERM>, B<su> terminates "
14583 "its child and afterwards terminates itself with the received signal. The "
14584 "child is terminated by B<SIGTERM>, after unsuccessful attempt and 2 seconds "
14585 "of delay the child is killed by B<SIGKILL>."
14588 #. type: Plain text
14589 #: original/man1/su.1:207
14591 "B<su> reads the I</etc/default/su> and I</etc/login.defs> configuration "
14592 "files. The following configuration items are relevant for B<su:>"
14595 #. type: Plain text
14596 #: original/man1/su.1:211
14598 "Delay in seconds in case of an authentication failure. The number must be a "
14599 "non-negative integer."
14602 #. type: Plain text
14603 #: original/man1/su.1:216
14605 "Defines the B<PATH> environment variable for a regular user. The default "
14606 "value is I</usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin>."
14609 #. type: Plain text
14610 #: original/man1/su.1:226
14612 "If set to I<yes> and B<--login> and B<--preserve-environment> were not "
14613 "specified B<su> initializes B<PATH>."
14616 #. type: Plain text
14617 #: original/man1/su.1:232
14619 "B<su> normally returns the exit status of the command it executed. If the "
14620 "command was killed by a signal, B<su> returns the number of the signal plus "
14624 #. type: Plain text
14625 #: original/man1/su.1:234
14626 msgid "Exit status generated by B<su> itself:"
14629 #. type: Plain text
14630 #: original/man1/su.1:252
14631 msgid "I</etc/pam.d/su>"
14634 #. type: Plain text
14635 #: original/man1/su.1:257
14636 msgid "I</etc/pam.d/su-l>"
14639 #. type: Plain text
14640 #: original/man1/su.1:262
14641 msgid "I</etc/default/su>"
14644 #. type: Plain text
14645 #: original/man1/su.1:264
14646 msgid "command specific logindef config file"
14649 #. type: Plain text
14650 #: original/man1/su.1:273
14652 "For security reasons, B<su> always logs failed log-in attempts to the btmp "
14653 "file, but it does not write to the I<lastlog> file at all. This solution can "
14654 "be used to control B<su> behavior by PAM configuration. If you want to use "
14655 "the B<pam_lastlog>(8) module to print warning message about failed log-in "
14656 "attempts then B<pam_lastlog>(8) has to be configured to update the "
14657 "I<lastlog> file as well. For example by:"
14660 #. type: Plain text
14661 #: original/man1/su.1:277
14662 msgid "session required pam_lastlog.so nowtmp"
14665 #. type: Plain text
14666 #: original/man1/su.1:283
14668 "This B<su> command was derived from coreutils\\(aq B<su>, which was based on "
14669 "an implementation by David MacKenzie. The util-linux version has been "
14670 "refactored by Karel Zak."
14673 #. type: Plain text
14674 #: original/man1/su.1:290
14675 msgid "B<setpriv>(1), B<login.defs>(5), B<shells>(5), B<pam>(8), B<runuser>(1)"
14678 #. type: Plain text
14679 #: original/man1/su.1:297
14681 "The B<su> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
14686 #: original/man1/taskset.1:10
14691 #. type: Plain text
14692 #: original/man1/taskset.1:32
14693 msgid "taskset - set or retrieve a process\\(aqs CPU affinity"
14696 #. type: Plain text
14697 #: original/man1/taskset.1:35
14698 msgid "B<taskset> [options] I<mask command> [I<argument>...]"
14701 #. type: Plain text
14702 #: original/man1/taskset.1:37
14703 msgid "B<taskset> [options] B<-p> [I<mask>] I<pid>"
14706 #. type: Plain text
14707 #: original/man1/taskset.1:40
14709 "The B<taskset> command is used to set or retrieve the CPU affinity of a "
14710 "running process given its I<pid>, or to launch a new I<command> with a given "
14711 "CPU affinity. CPU affinity is a scheduler property that \"bonds\" a process "
14712 "to a given set of CPUs on the system. The Linux scheduler will honor the "
14713 "given CPU affinity and the process will not run on any other CPUs. Note that "
14714 "the Linux scheduler also supports natural CPU affinity: the scheduler "
14715 "attempts to keep processes on the same CPU as long as practical for "
14716 "performance reasons. Therefore, forcing a specific CPU affinity is useful "
14717 "only in certain applications."
14720 #. type: Plain text
14721 #: original/man1/taskset.1:42
14723 "The CPU affinity is represented as a bitmask, with the lowest order bit "
14724 "corresponding to the first logical CPU and the highest order bit "
14725 "corresponding to the last logical CPU. Not all CPUs may exist on a given "
14726 "system but a mask may specify more CPUs than are present. A retrieved mask "
14727 "will reflect only the bits that correspond to CPUs physically on the "
14728 "system. If an invalid mask is given (i.e., one that corresponds to no valid "
14729 "CPUs on the current system) an error is returned. The masks may be specified "
14730 "in hexadecimal (with or without a leading \"0x\"), or as a CPU list with the "
14731 "B<--cpu-list> option. For example,"
14734 #. type: Plain text
14735 #: original/man1/taskset.1:44
14736 msgid "B<0x00000001>"
14739 #. type: Plain text
14740 #: original/man1/taskset.1:46
14741 msgid "is processor #0,"
14744 #. type: Plain text
14745 #: original/man1/taskset.1:49
14746 msgid "B<0x00000003>"
14749 #. type: Plain text
14750 #: original/man1/taskset.1:51
14751 msgid "is processors #0 and #1,"
14754 #. type: Plain text
14755 #: original/man1/taskset.1:54
14756 msgid "B<0xFFFFFFFF>"
14759 #. type: Plain text
14760 #: original/man1/taskset.1:56
14761 msgid "is processors #0 through #31,"
14764 #. type: Plain text
14765 #: original/man1/taskset.1:61
14766 msgid "is processors #1, #4, and #5,"
14769 #. type: Plain text
14770 #: original/man1/taskset.1:64
14771 msgid "B<--cpu-list 0-2,6>"
14774 #. type: Plain text
14775 #: original/man1/taskset.1:66
14776 msgid "is processors #0, #1, #2, and #6."
14779 #. type: Plain text
14780 #: original/man1/taskset.1:69
14781 msgid "B<--cpu-list 0-10:2>"
14784 #. type: Plain text
14785 #: original/man1/taskset.1:71
14787 "is processors #0, #2, #4, #6, #8 and #10. The suffix \":N\" specifies stride "
14788 "in the range, for example 0-10:3 is interpreted as 0,3,6,9 list."
14791 #. type: Plain text
14792 #: original/man1/taskset.1:74
14794 "When B<taskset> returns, it is guaranteed that the given program has been "
14795 "scheduled to a legal CPU."
14798 #. type: Plain text
14799 #: original/man1/taskset.1:79
14800 msgid "Set or retrieve the CPU affinity of all the tasks (threads) for a given PID."
14803 #. type: Plain text
14804 #: original/man1/taskset.1:82
14805 msgid "B<-c>, B<--cpu-list>"
14808 #. type: Plain text
14809 #: original/man1/taskset.1:84
14811 "Interpret I<mask> as numerical list of processors instead of a "
14812 "bitmask. Numbers are separated by commas and may include ranges. For "
14813 "example: B<0,5,8-11>."
14816 #. type: Plain text
14817 #: original/man1/taskset.1:103
14818 msgid "The default behavior is to run a new command with a given affinity mask:"
14821 #. type: Plain text
14822 #: original/man1/taskset.1:105
14823 msgid "B<taskset> I<mask> I<command> [I<arguments>]"
14826 #. type: Plain text
14827 #: original/man1/taskset.1:108
14828 msgid "You can also retrieve the CPU affinity of an existing task:"
14831 #. type: Plain text
14832 #: original/man1/taskset.1:110
14833 msgid "B<taskset -p> I<pid>"
14836 #. type: Plain text
14837 #: original/man1/taskset.1:113
14841 #. type: Plain text
14842 #: original/man1/taskset.1:115
14843 msgid "B<taskset -p> I<mask pid>"
14846 #. type: Plain text
14847 #: original/man1/taskset.1:119
14849 "A user can change the CPU affinity of a process belonging to the same "
14850 "user. A user must possess B<CAP_SYS_NICE> to change the CPU affinity of a "
14851 "process belonging to another user. A user can retrieve the affinity mask of "
14855 #. type: Plain text
14856 #: original/man1/taskset.1:122
14857 msgid "Written by Robert M. Love."
14860 #. type: Plain text
14861 #: original/man1/taskset.1:125
14863 "Copyright © 2004 Robert M. Love. This is free software; see the source for "
14864 "copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or "
14865 "FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
14868 #. type: Plain text
14869 #: original/man1/taskset.1:132
14871 "B<chrt>(1), B<nice>(1), B<renice>(1), B<sched_getaffinity>(2), "
14872 "B<sched_setaffinity>(2)"
14875 #. type: Plain text
14876 #: original/man1/taskset.1:134
14877 msgid "See B<sched>(7) for a description of the Linux scheduling scheme."
14880 #. type: Plain text
14881 #: original/man1/taskset.1:141
14883 "The B<taskset> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
14888 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:10
14893 #. type: Plain text
14894 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:32
14896 "uclampset - manipulate the utilization clamping attributes of the system or "
14900 #. type: Plain text
14901 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:35
14903 "B<uclampset> [options] [B<-m> I<uclamp_min>] [B<-M> I<uclamp_max] _command "
14907 #. type: Plain text
14908 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:37
14910 "B<uclampset> [options] [B<-m> I<uclamp_min>] [B<-M> I<uclamp_max>] B<-p> "
14914 #. type: Plain text
14915 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:40
14917 "B<uclampset> sets or retrieves the utilization clamping attributes of an "
14918 "existing I<PID>, or runs I<command> with the given attributes."
14921 #. type: Plain text
14922 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:42
14924 "Utilization clamping is a new feature added in v5.3. It gives a hint to the "
14925 "scheduler about the allowed range of utilization the task should be "
14929 #. type: Plain text
14930 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:44
14932 "The utilization of the task affects frequency selection and task "
14933 "placement. Only schedutil cpufreq governor understands handling util clamp "
14934 "hints at the time of writing. Consult your kernel docs for further info "
14935 "about other cpufreq governors support."
14938 #. type: Plain text
14939 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:46
14941 "If you\\(cqre running on asymmetric heterogeneous system like Arm\\(cqs "
14942 "big.LITTLE. Utilization clamping can help bias task placement. If the task "
14943 "is boosted such that I<util_min> value is higher than the little cores\\(aq "
14944 "capacity, then the scheduler will do its best to place it on a big core."
14947 #. type: Plain text
14948 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:48
14950 "Similarly, if I<util_max> is smaller than or equal the capacity of the "
14951 "little cores, then the scheduler can still choose to place it there even if "
14952 "the actual utilization of the task is at max."
14955 #. type: Plain text
14956 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:50
14958 "Setting a task\\(cqs I<uclamp_min> to a none zero value will effectively "
14959 "boost the task as when it runs it\\(cqll always start from this utilization "
14963 #. type: Plain text
14964 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:52
14966 "By setting a task\\(cqs I<uclamp_max> below 1024, this will effectively cap "
14967 "the task as when it runs it\\(cqll never be able to go above this "
14968 "utilization value."
14971 #. type: Plain text
14972 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:54
14974 "The full utilization range is: [0:1024]. The special value -1 is used to "
14975 "reset to system\\(cqs default."
14978 #. type: Plain text
14979 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:57 original/man1/whereis.1:68
14983 #. type: Plain text
14984 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:59
14985 msgid "Set I<util_min> value."
14988 #. type: Plain text
14989 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:62
14993 #. type: Plain text
14994 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:64
14995 msgid "Set I<util_max> value."
14998 #. type: Plain text
14999 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:69
15001 "Set or retrieve the utilization clamping attributes of all the tasks "
15002 "(threads) for a given PID."
15005 #. type: Plain text
15006 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:77
15007 msgid "B<-s>, B<--system>"
15010 #. type: Plain text
15011 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:79
15012 msgid "Set or retrieve the system-wide utilization clamping attributes."
15015 #. type: Plain text
15016 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:84
15017 msgid "Set B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK> flag."
15020 #. type: Plain text
15021 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:105
15022 msgid "B<uclampset> I<[-m uclamp_min]> I<[-M uclamp_max]> I<command> [I<arguments>]"
15025 #. type: Plain text
15026 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:108
15028 "You can also retrieve the utilization clamping attributes of an existing "
15032 #. type: Plain text
15033 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:110
15034 msgid "B<uclampset -p> I<PID>"
15037 #. type: Plain text
15038 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:115
15039 msgid "B<uclampset -p> I<PID> I<[-m uclamp_min]> I<[-M uclamp_max]>"
15042 #. type: Plain text
15043 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:118
15044 msgid "Or control the system-wide attributes:"
15047 #. type: Plain text
15048 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:120
15049 msgid "B<uclampset -s> I<[-m uclamp_min]> I<[-M uclamp_max]>"
15052 #. type: Plain text
15053 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:127
15055 "The system wide utilization clamp attributes are there to control the "
15056 "I<allowed> range the tasks can use. By default both I<uclamp_min> and "
15057 "I<uclamp_max> are set to 1024. This means users can set the utilization "
15058 "clamp values for their task across the full range [0:1024]."
15061 #. type: Plain text
15062 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:129
15063 msgid "For example:"
15066 #. type: Plain text
15067 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:131
15068 msgid "B<uclampset -s> \\f(CR-m 512\\fR \\f(CR-M 700\\fR"
15071 #. type: Plain text
15072 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:134
15074 "will prevent any task from being boosted higher than 512. And all tasks in "
15075 "the systems are capped to a utilization of 700. Effectively rendering the "
15076 "maximum performance of the system to 700."
15079 #. type: Plain text
15080 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:136
15081 msgid "Consult your kernel docs for the exact expected behavior on that kernel."
15084 #. type: Plain text
15085 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:147
15087 "See B<sched_setscheduler>(2) and B<sched_setattr>(2) for a description of "
15088 "the Linux scheduling scheme."
15091 #. type: Plain text
15092 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:154
15094 "The B<uclampset> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
15099 #: original/man1/ul.1:10
15104 #. type: Plain text
15105 #: original/man1/ul.1:32
15106 msgid "ul - do underlining"
15109 #. type: Plain text
15110 #: original/man1/ul.1:35
15111 msgid "B<ul> [options] [I<file>...]"
15114 #. type: Plain text
15115 #: original/man1/ul.1:38
15117 "B<ul> reads the named files (or standard input if none are given) and "
15118 "translates occurrences of underscores to the sequence which indicates "
15119 "underlining for the terminal in use, as specified by the environment "
15120 "variable B<TERM>. The I<terminfo> database is read to determine the "
15121 "appropriate sequences for underlining. If the terminal is incapable of "
15122 "underlining but is capable of a standout mode, then that is used instead. If "
15123 "the terminal can overstrike, or handles underlining automatically, B<ul> "
15124 "degenerates to B<cat>(1). If the terminal cannot underline, underlining is "
15128 #. type: Plain text
15129 #: original/man1/ul.1:41
15130 msgid "B<-i>, B<--indicated>"
15133 #. type: Plain text
15134 #: original/man1/ul.1:43
15136 "Underlining is indicated by a separate line containing appropriate dashes "
15137 "`-\\(aq; this is useful when you want to look at the underlining which is "
15138 "present in an B<nroff> output stream on a crt-terminal."
15141 #. type: Plain text
15142 #: original/man1/ul.1:46
15143 msgid "B<-t>, B<-T>, B<--terminal> I<terminal>"
15146 #. type: Plain text
15147 #: original/man1/ul.1:48
15149 "Override the environment variable B<TERM> with the specified I<terminal> "
15153 #. type: Plain text
15154 #: original/man1/ul.1:62
15155 msgid "The following environment variable is used:"
15158 #. type: Plain text
15159 #: original/man1/ul.1:66
15161 "The B<TERM> variable is used to relate a tty device with its device "
15162 "capability description (see B<terminfo>(5)). B<TERM> is set at login time, "
15163 "either by the default terminal type specified in I</etc/ttys> or as set "
15164 "during the login process by the user in their I<login> file (see "
15168 #. type: Plain text
15169 #: original/man1/ul.1:70
15170 msgid "The B<ul> command appeared in 3.0BSD."
15173 #. type: Plain text
15174 #: original/man1/ul.1:73
15176 "B<nroff> usually outputs a series of backspaces and underlines intermixed "
15177 "with the text to indicate underlining. No attempt is made to optimize the "
15181 #. type: Plain text
15182 #: original/man1/ul.1:81
15184 "B<colcrt>(1), B<login>(1), B<man>(1), B<nroff>(1), B<setenv>(3), "
15188 #. type: Plain text
15189 #: original/man1/ul.1:88
15191 "The B<ul> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
15196 #: original/man1/unshare.1:10
15201 #. type: Plain text
15202 #: original/man1/unshare.1:32
15203 msgid "unshare - run program in new namespaces"
15206 #. type: Plain text
15207 #: original/man1/unshare.1:35
15208 msgid "B<unshare> [options] [I<program> [I<arguments>]]"
15211 #. type: Plain text
15212 #: original/man1/unshare.1:38
15214 "The B<unshare> command creates new namespaces (as specified by the "
15215 "command-line options described below) and then executes the specified "
15216 "I<program>. If I<program> is not given, then \"${SHELL}\" is run (default: "
15220 #. type: Plain text
15221 #: original/man1/unshare.1:40
15223 "By default, a new namespace persists only as long as it has member "
15224 "processes. A new namespace can be made persistent even when it has no member "
15225 "processes by bind mounting /proc/I<pid>/ns/I<type> files to a filesystem "
15226 "path. A namespace that has been made persistent in this way can subsequently "
15227 "be entered with B<nsenter>(1) even after the I<program> terminates (except "
15228 "PID namespaces where a permanently running init process is required). Once a "
15229 "persistent namespace is no longer needed, it can be unpersisted by using "
15230 "B<umount>(8) to remove the bind mount. See the EXAMPLES section for more "
15234 #. type: Plain text
15235 #: original/man1/unshare.1:42
15237 "B<unshare> since util-linux version 2.36 uses "
15238 "I</proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children> and I</proc/[pid]/ns/time_for_children> "
15239 "files for persistent PID and TIME namespaces. This change requires Linux "
15240 "kernel 4.17 or newer."
15243 #. type: Plain text
15244 #: original/man1/unshare.1:44
15245 msgid "The following types of namespaces can be created with B<unshare>:"
15248 #. type: Plain text
15249 #: original/man1/unshare.1:48
15251 "Mounting and unmounting filesystems will not affect the rest of the system, "
15252 "except for filesystems which are explicitly marked as shared (with B<mount "
15253 "--make-shared>; see I</proc/self/mountinfo> or B<findmnt -o+PROPAGATION> for "
15254 "the B<shared> flags). For further details, see B<mount_namespaces>(7)."
15257 #. type: Plain text
15258 #: original/man1/unshare.1:50
15260 "B<unshare> since util-linux version 2.27 automatically sets propagation to "
15261 "B<private> in a new mount namespace to make sure that the new namespace is "
15262 "really unshared. It\\(cqs possible to disable this feature with option "
15263 "B<--propagation unchanged>. Note that B<private> is the kernel default."
15266 #. type: Plain text
15267 #: original/man1/unshare.1:70
15269 "Children will have a distinct set of PID-to-process mappings from their "
15270 "parent. For further details, see B<pid_namespaces>(7)."
15273 #. type: Plain text
15274 #: original/man1/unshare.1:89
15275 msgid "B<-i>, B<--ipc>[B<=>I<file>]"
15278 #. type: Plain text
15279 #: original/man1/unshare.1:91
15281 "Unshare the IPC namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15282 "namespace is created by a bind mount."
15285 #. type: Plain text
15286 #: original/man1/unshare.1:94
15287 msgid "B<-m>, B<--mount>[B<=>I<file>]"
15290 #. type: Plain text
15291 #: original/man1/unshare.1:96
15293 "Unshare the mount namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15294 "namespace is created by a bind mount. Note that I<file> must be located on a "
15295 "mount whose propagation type is not B<shared> (or an error results). Use the "
15296 "command B<findmnt -o+PROPAGATION> when not sure about the current "
15297 "setting. See also the examples below."
15300 #. type: Plain text
15301 #: original/man1/unshare.1:99
15302 msgid "B<-n>, B<--net>[B<=>I<file>]"
15305 #. type: Plain text
15306 #: original/man1/unshare.1:101
15308 "Unshare the network namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15309 "namespace is created by a bind mount."
15312 #. type: Plain text
15313 #: original/man1/unshare.1:104
15314 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pid>[B<=>I<file>]"
15317 #. type: Plain text
15318 #: original/man1/unshare.1:106
15320 "Unshare the PID namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15321 "namespace is created by a bind mount. (Creation of a persistent PID "
15322 "namespace will fail if the B<--fork> option is not also specified.)"
15325 #. type: Plain text
15326 #: original/man1/unshare.1:108
15327 msgid "See also the B<--fork> and B<--mount-proc> options."
15330 #. type: Plain text
15331 #: original/man1/unshare.1:111
15332 msgid "B<-u>, B<--uts>[B<=>I<file>]"
15335 #. type: Plain text
15336 #: original/man1/unshare.1:113
15338 "Unshare the UTS namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15339 "namespace is created by a bind mount."
15342 #. type: Plain text
15343 #: original/man1/unshare.1:116
15344 msgid "B<-U>, B<--user>[B<=>I<file>]"
15347 #. type: Plain text
15348 #: original/man1/unshare.1:118
15350 "Unshare the user namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15351 "namespace is created by a bind mount."
15354 #. type: Plain text
15355 #: original/man1/unshare.1:121
15356 msgid "B<-C>, B<--cgroup>[B<=>I<file>]"
15359 #. type: Plain text
15360 #: original/man1/unshare.1:123
15362 "Unshare the cgroup namespace. If I<file> is specified, then persistent "
15363 "namespace is created by bind mount."
15366 #. type: Plain text
15367 #: original/man1/unshare.1:126
15368 msgid "B<-T>, B<--time>[B<=>I<file>]"
15371 #. type: Plain text
15372 #: original/man1/unshare.1:128
15374 "Unshare the time namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15375 "namespace is created by a bind mount. The B<--monotonic> and B<--boottime> "
15376 "options can be used to specify the corresponding offset in the time "
15380 #. type: Plain text
15381 #: original/man1/unshare.1:133
15383 "Fork the specified I<program> as a child process of B<unshare> rather than "
15384 "running it directly. This is useful when creating a new PID namespace. Note "
15385 "that when B<unshare> is waiting for the child process, then it ignores "
15386 "B<SIGINT> and B<SIGTERM> and does not forward any signals to the child. It "
15387 "is necessary to send signals to the child process."
15390 #. type: Plain text
15391 #: original/man1/unshare.1:136
15392 msgid "B<--keep-caps>"
15395 #. type: Plain text
15396 #: original/man1/unshare.1:138
15398 "When the B<--user> option is given, ensure that capabilities granted in the "
15399 "user namespace are preserved in the child process."
15402 #. type: Plain text
15403 #: original/man1/unshare.1:141
15404 msgid "B<--kill-child>[B<=>I<signame>]"
15407 #. type: Plain text
15408 #: original/man1/unshare.1:143
15410 "When B<unshare> terminates, have I<signame> be sent to the forked child "
15411 "process. Combined with B<--pid> this allows for an easy and reliable killing "
15412 "of the entire process tree below B<unshare>. If not given, I<signame> "
15413 "defaults to B<SIGKILL>. This option implies B<--fork>."
15416 #. type: Plain text
15417 #: original/man1/unshare.1:146
15418 msgid "B<--mount-proc>[B<=>I<mountpoint>]"
15421 #. type: Plain text
15422 #: original/man1/unshare.1:148
15424 "Just before running the program, mount the proc filesystem at I<mountpoint> "
15425 "(default is I</proc>). This is useful when creating a new PID namespace. It "
15426 "also implies creating a new mount namespace since the I</proc> mount would "
15427 "otherwise mess up existing programs on the system. The new proc filesystem "
15428 "is explicitly mounted as private (with B<MS_PRIVATE>|B<MS_REC>)."
15431 #. type: Plain text
15432 #: original/man1/unshare.1:151
15433 msgid "B<--map-user=>I<uid|name>"
15436 #. type: Plain text
15437 #: original/man1/unshare.1:153
15439 "Run the program only after the current effective user ID has been mapped to "
15440 "I<uid>. If this option is specified multiple times, the last occurrence "
15441 "takes precedence. This option implies B<--user>."
15444 #. type: Plain text
15445 #: original/man1/unshare.1:156
15446 msgid "B<--map-group=>I<gid|name>"
15449 #. type: Plain text
15450 #: original/man1/unshare.1:158
15452 "Run the program only after the current effective group ID has been mapped to "
15453 "I<gid>. If this option is specified multiple times, the last occurrence "
15454 "takes precedence. This option implies B<--setgroups=deny> and B<--user>."
15457 #. type: Plain text
15458 #: original/man1/unshare.1:161
15459 msgid "B<-r>, B<--map-root-user>"
15462 #. type: Plain text
15463 #: original/man1/unshare.1:163
15465 "Run the program only after the current effective user and group IDs have "
15466 "been mapped to the superuser UID and GID in the newly created user "
15467 "namespace. This makes it possible to conveniently gain capabilities needed "
15468 "to manage various aspects of the newly created namespaces (such as "
15469 "configuring interfaces in the network namespace or mounting filesystems in "
15470 "the mount namespace) even when run unprivileged. As a mere convenience "
15471 "feature, it does not support more sophisticated use cases, such as mapping "
15472 "multiple ranges of UIDs and GIDs. This option implies B<--setgroups=deny> "
15473 "and B<--user>. This option is equivalent to B<--map-user=0 --map-group=0>."
15476 #. type: Plain text
15477 #: original/man1/unshare.1:166
15478 msgid "B<-c>, B<--map-current-user>"
15481 #. type: Plain text
15482 #: original/man1/unshare.1:168
15484 "Run the program only after the current effective user and group IDs have "
15485 "been mapped to the same UID and GID in the newly created user "
15486 "namespace. This option implies B<--setgroups=deny> and B<--user>. This "
15487 "option is equivalent to B<--map-user=$(id -ru) --map-group=$(id -rg)>."
15490 #. type: Plain text
15491 #: original/man1/unshare.1:171
15492 msgid "B<--propagation private>|B<shared>|B<slave>|B<unchanged>"
15495 #. type: Plain text
15496 #: original/man1/unshare.1:173
15498 "Recursively set the mount propagation flag in the new mount namespace. The "
15499 "default is to set the propagation to I<private>. It is possible to disable "
15500 "this feature with the argument B<unchanged>. The option is silently ignored "
15501 "when the mount namespace (B<--mount>) is not requested."
15504 #. type: Plain text
15505 #: original/man1/unshare.1:176
15506 msgid "B<--setgroups allow>|B<deny>"
15509 #. type: Plain text
15510 #: original/man1/unshare.1:178
15511 msgid "Allow or deny the B<setgroups>(2) system call in a user namespace."
15514 #. type: Plain text
15515 #: original/man1/unshare.1:180
15517 "To be able to call B<setgroups>(2), the calling process must at least have "
15518 "B<CAP_SETGID>. But since Linux 3.19 a further restriction applies: the "
15519 "kernel gives permission to call B<setgroups>(2) only after the GID map "
15520 "(B</proc/>I<pid>*/gid_map*) has been set. The GID map is writable by root "
15521 "when B<setgroups>(2) is enabled (i.e., B<allow>, the default), and the GID "
15522 "map becomes writable by unprivileged processes when B<setgroups>(2) is "
15523 "permanently disabled (with B<deny>)."
15526 #. type: Plain text
15527 #: original/man1/unshare.1:183
15528 msgid "B<-R>, B<--root=>I<dir>"
15531 #. type: Plain text
15532 #: original/man1/unshare.1:185
15533 msgid "run the command with root directory set to I<dir>."
15536 #. type: Plain text
15537 #: original/man1/unshare.1:188
15538 msgid "B<-w>, B<--wd=>I<dir>"
15541 #. type: Plain text
15542 #: original/man1/unshare.1:190
15543 msgid "change working directory to I<dir>."
15546 #. type: Plain text
15547 #: original/man1/unshare.1:195
15548 msgid "Set the user ID which will be used in the entered namespace."
15551 #. type: Plain text
15552 #: original/man1/unshare.1:200
15554 "Set the group ID which will be used in the entered namespace and drop "
15555 "supplementary groups."
15558 #. type: Plain text
15559 #: original/man1/unshare.1:203
15560 msgid "B<--monotonic> I<offset>"
15563 #. type: Plain text
15564 #: original/man1/unshare.1:205
15566 "Set the offset of B<CLOCK_MONOTONIC> which will be used in the entered time "
15567 "namespace. This option requires unsharing a time namespace with B<--time>."
15570 #. type: Plain text
15571 #: original/man1/unshare.1:208
15572 msgid "B<--boottime> I<offset>"
15575 #. type: Plain text
15576 #: original/man1/unshare.1:210
15578 "Set the offset of B<CLOCK_BOOTTIME> which will be used in the entered time "
15579 "namespace. This option requires unsharing a time namespace with B<--time>."
15582 #. type: Plain text
15583 #: original/man1/unshare.1:224
15585 "The proc and sysfs filesystems mounting as root in a user namespace have to "
15586 "be restricted so that a less privileged user can not get more access to "
15587 "sensitive files that a more privileged user made unavailable. In short the "
15588 "rule for proc and sysfs is as close to a bind mount as possible."
15591 #. type: Plain text
15592 #: original/man1/unshare.1:227
15594 "The following command creates a PID namespace, using B<--fork> to ensure "
15595 "that the executed command is performed in a child process that (being the "
15596 "first process in the namespace) has PID 1. The B<--mount-proc> option "
15597 "ensures that a new mount namespace is also simultaneously created and that a "
15598 "new B<proc>(5) filesystem is mounted that contains information corresponding "
15599 "to the new PID namespace. When the B<readlink> command terminates, the new "
15600 "namespaces are automatically torn down."
15603 #. type: Plain text
15604 #: original/man1/unshare.1:233
15607 "# unshare --fork --pid --mount-proc readlink /proc/self\n"
15611 #. type: Plain text
15612 #: original/man1/unshare.1:238
15614 "As an unprivileged user, create a new user namespace where the user\\(cqs "
15615 "credentials are mapped to the root IDs inside the namespace:"
15618 #. type: Plain text
15619 #: original/man1/unshare.1:250
15625 "$ unshare --user --map-root-user \\(rs\n"
15626 " sh -c \\(aq\\(aqwhoami; cat /proc/self/uid_map "
15627 "/proc/self/gid_map\\(aq\\(aq\n"
15633 #. type: Plain text
15634 #: original/man1/unshare.1:255
15636 "The first of the following commands creates a new persistent UTS namespace "
15637 "and modifies the hostname as seen in that namespace. The namespace is then "
15638 "entered with B<nsenter>(1) in order to display the modified hostname; this "
15639 "step demonstrates that the UTS namespace continues to exist even though the "
15640 "namespace had no member processes after the B<unshare> command "
15641 "terminated. The namespace is then destroyed by removing the bind mount."
15644 #. type: Plain text
15645 #: original/man1/unshare.1:264
15648 "# touch /root/uts-ns\n"
15649 "# unshare --uts=/root/uts-ns hostname FOO\n"
15650 "# nsenter --uts=/root/uts-ns hostname\n"
15652 "# umount /root/uts-ns\n"
15655 #. type: Plain text
15656 #: original/man1/unshare.1:269
15658 "The following commands establish a persistent mount namespace referenced by "
15659 "the bind mount I</root/namespaces/mnt>. In order to ensure that the creation "
15660 "of that bind mount succeeds, the parent directory (I</root/namespaces>) is "
15661 "made a bind mount whose propagation type is not B<shared>."
15664 #. type: Plain text
15665 #: original/man1/unshare.1:277
15668 "# mount --bind /root/namespaces /root/namespaces\n"
15669 "# mount --make-private /root/namespaces\n"
15670 "# touch /root/namespaces/mnt\n"
15671 "# unshare --mount=/root/namespaces/mnt\n"
15674 #. type: Plain text
15675 #: original/man1/unshare.1:282
15677 "The following commands demonstrate the use of the B<--kill-child> option "
15678 "when creating a PID namespace, in order to ensure that when B<unshare> is "
15679 "killed, all of the processes within the PID namespace are killed."
15682 #. type: Plain text
15683 #: original/man1/unshare.1:287
15685 msgid "# set +m # Don\\(aqt print job status messages\n"
15688 #. type: Plain text
15689 #: original/man1/unshare.1:290
15691 msgid "# unshare --pid --fork --mount-proc --kill-child -- \\(rs\n"
15694 #. type: Plain text
15695 #: original/man1/unshare.1:298
15698 " bash --norc -c \\(aq\\(aq(sleep 555 &) && (ps a &) && sleep "
15699 "999\\(aq\\(aq &\n"
15701 "# PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND\n"
15702 " 1 pts/3 S+ 0:00 sleep 999\n"
15703 " 3 pts/3 S+ 0:00 sleep 555\n"
15704 " 5 pts/3 R+ 0:00 ps a\n"
15707 #. type: Plain text
15708 #: original/man1/unshare.1:303
15711 "# ps h -o \\(aqcomm\\(aq $! # Show that background job is unshare(1)\n"
15713 "# kill $! # Kill unshare(1)\n"
15717 #. type: Plain text
15718 #: original/man1/unshare.1:308
15720 "The B<pidof>(1) command prints no output, because the B<sleep> processes "
15721 "have been killed. More precisely, when the B<sleep> process that has PID 1 "
15722 "in the namespace (i.e., the namespace\\(cqs init process) was killed, this "
15723 "caused all other processes in the namespace to be killed. By contrast, a "
15724 "similar series of commands where the B<--kill-child> option is not used "
15725 "shows that when B<unshare> terminates, the processes in the PID namespace "
15729 #. type: Plain text
15730 #: original/man1/unshare.1:313
15732 msgid "# unshare --pid --fork --mount-proc -- \\(rs\n"
15735 #. type: Plain text
15736 #: original/man1/unshare.1:321
15739 " bash --norc -c \\(aq\\(aq(sleep 555 &) && (ps a &) && sleep "
15740 "999\\(aq\\(aq &\n"
15742 "# PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND\n"
15743 " 1 pts/3 S+ 0:00 sleep 999\n"
15744 " 3 pts/3 S+ 0:00 sleep 555\n"
15745 " 5 pts/3 R+ 0:00 ps a\n"
15748 #. type: Plain text
15749 #: original/man1/unshare.1:325
15757 #. type: Plain text
15758 #: original/man1/unshare.1:330
15760 "The following example demonstrates the creation of a time namespace where "
15761 "the boottime clock is set to a point several years in the past:"
15764 #. type: Plain text
15765 #: original/man1/unshare.1:338
15768 "# uptime -p # Show uptime in initial time namespace\n"
15769 "up 21 hours, 30 minutes\n"
15770 "# unshare --time --fork --boottime 300000000 uptime -p\n"
15771 "up 9 years, 28 weeks, 1 day, 2 hours, 50 minutes\n"
15774 #. type: Plain text
15775 #: original/man1/unshare.1:351
15776 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<namespaces>(7), B<mount>(8)"
15779 #. type: Plain text
15780 #: original/man1/unshare.1:358
15782 "The B<unshare> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
15787 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:10
15792 #. type: Plain text
15793 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:32
15794 msgid "utmpdump - dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format"
15797 #. type: Plain text
15798 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:35
15799 msgid "B<utmpdump> [options] I<filename>"
15802 #. type: Plain text
15803 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:38
15805 "B<utmpdump> is a simple program to dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format, "
15806 "so they can be examined. B<utmpdump> reads from stdin unless a I<filename> "
15810 #. type: Plain text
15811 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:41
15812 msgid "B<-f>, B<--follow>"
15815 #. type: Plain text
15816 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:43
15817 msgid "Output appended data as the file grows."
15820 #. type: Plain text
15821 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:46
15822 msgid "B<-o>, B<--output> I<file>"
15825 #. type: Plain text
15826 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:48
15827 msgid "Write command output to I<file> instead of standard output."
15830 #. type: Plain text
15831 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:51
15832 msgid "B<-r>, B<--reverse>"
15835 #. type: Plain text
15836 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:53
15837 msgid "Undump, write back edited login information into the utmp or wtmp files."
15840 #. type: Plain text
15841 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:67
15843 "B<utmpdump> can be useful in cases of corrupted utmp or wtmp entries. It can "
15844 "dump out utmp/wtmp to an ASCII file, which can then be edited to remove "
15845 "bogus entries, and reintegrated using:"
15848 #. type: Plain text
15849 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:71
15850 msgid "B<utmpdump -r E<lt> ascii_file E<gt> wtmp>"
15853 #. type: Plain text
15854 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:76
15855 msgid "But be warned, B<utmpdump> was written for debugging purposes only."
15859 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:76
15861 msgid "File formats"
15864 #. type: Plain text
15865 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:79
15867 "Only the binary version of the B<utmp>(5) is standardised. Textual dumps may "
15868 "become incompatible in future."
15871 #. type: Plain text
15872 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:81
15874 "The version 2.28 was the last one that printed text output using B<ctime>(3) "
15875 "timestamp format. Newer dumps use millisecond precision ISO-8601 timestamp "
15876 "format in UTC-0 timezone. Conversion from former timestamp format can be "
15877 "made to binary, although attempt to do so can lead the timestamps to drift "
15878 "amount of timezone offset."
15881 #. type: Plain text
15882 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:84
15884 "You may B<not> use the B<-r> option, as the format for the utmp/wtmp files "
15885 "strongly depends on the input format. This tool was B<not> written for "
15886 "normal use, but for debugging only."
15889 #. type: Plain text
15890 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:87
15891 msgid "Michael Krapp"
15894 #. type: Plain text
15895 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:93
15896 msgid "B<last>(1), B<w>(1), B<who>(1), B<utmp>(5)"
15899 #. type: Plain text
15900 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:100
15902 "The B<utmpdump> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
15907 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:10
15912 #. type: Plain text
15913 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:32
15914 msgid "uuidgen - create a new UUID value"
15917 #. type: Plain text
15918 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:35
15919 msgid "B<uuidgen> [options]"
15922 #. type: Plain text
15923 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:38
15925 "The B<uuidgen> program creates (and prints) a new universally unique "
15926 "identifier (UUID) using the B<libuuid>(3) library. The new UUID can "
15927 "reasonably be considered unique among all UUIDs created on the local system, "
15928 "and among UUIDs created on other systems in the past and in the future."
15931 #. type: Plain text
15932 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:40
15934 "There are three types of UUIDs which B<uuidgen> can generate: time-based "
15935 "UUIDs, random-based UUIDs, and hash-based UUIDs. By default B<uuidgen> will "
15936 "generate a random-based UUID if a high-quality random number generator is "
15937 "present. Otherwise, it will choose a time-based UUID. It is possible to "
15938 "force the generation of one of these first two UUID types by using the "
15939 "B<--random> or B<--time> options."
15942 #. type: Plain text
15943 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:42
15945 "The third type of UUID is generated with the B<--md5> or B<--sha1> options, "
15946 "followed by B<--namespace> I<namespace> and B<--name> I<name>. The "
15947 "I<namespace> may either be a well-known UUID, or else an alias to one of the "
15948 "well-known UUIDs defined in RFC 4122, that is B<@dns>, B<@url>, B<@oid>, or "
15949 "B<@x500>. The I<name> is an arbitrary string value. The generated UUID is "
15950 "the digest of the concatenation of the namespace UUID and the name value, "
15951 "hashed with the MD5 or SHA1 algorithms. It is, therefore, a predictable "
15952 "value which may be useful when UUIDs are being used as handles or nonces for "
15953 "more complex values or values which shouldn\\(cqt be disclosed directly. See "
15954 "the RFC for more information."
15957 #. type: Plain text
15958 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:45
15959 msgid "B<-r>, B<--random>"
15962 #. type: Plain text
15963 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:47
15965 "Generate a random-based UUID. This method creates a UUID consisting mostly "
15966 "of random bits. It requires that the operating system has a high quality "
15967 "random number generator, such as I</dev/random>."
15970 #. type: Plain text
15971 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:52
15973 "Generate a time-based UUID. This method creates a UUID based on the system "
15974 "clock plus the system\\(cqs ethernet hardware address, if present."
15977 #. type: Plain text
15978 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:65
15979 msgid "B<-m>, B<--md5>"
15982 #. type: Plain text
15983 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:67
15984 msgid "Use MD5 as the hash algorithm."
15987 #. type: Plain text
15988 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:70
15989 msgid "B<-s>, B<--sha1>"
15992 #. type: Plain text
15993 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:72
15994 msgid "Use SHA1 as the hash algorithm."
15997 #. type: Plain text
15998 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:75
15999 msgid "B<-n>, B<--namespace> I<namespace>"
16002 #. type: Plain text
16003 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:77
16005 "Generate the hash with the I<namespace> prefix. The I<namespace> is UUID, or "
16006 "\\(aq@ns\\(aq where \"ns\" is well-known predefined UUID addressed by "
16007 "namespace name (see above)."
16010 #. type: Plain text
16011 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:80
16012 msgid "B<-N>, B<--name> I<name>"
16015 #. type: Plain text
16016 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:82
16017 msgid "Generate the hash of the I<name>."
16020 #. type: Plain text
16021 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:87
16022 msgid "Interpret name I<name> as a hexadecimal string."
16025 #. type: Plain text
16026 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:91
16027 msgid "OSF DCE 1.1"
16030 #. type: Plain text
16031 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:94
16032 msgid "uuidgen --sha1 --namespace @dns --name \"www.example.com\""
16035 #. type: Plain text
16036 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:97
16037 msgid "B<uuidgen> was written by Andreas Dilger for B<libuuid>(3)."
16040 #. type: Plain text
16041 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:100
16042 msgid "B<libuuid>(3),"
16045 #. type: Plain text
16046 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:108
16048 "The B<uuidgen> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
16053 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:10
16058 #. type: Plain text
16059 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:32
16060 msgid "uuidparse - a utility to parse unique identifiers"
16063 #. type: Plain text
16064 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:35
16065 msgid "B<uuidparse> [options] I<uuid>"
16068 #. type: Plain text
16069 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:38
16071 "This command will parse unique identifier inputs from either command line "
16072 "arguments or standard input. The inputs are white-space separated."
16076 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:39
16082 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:46
16088 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:49
16090 msgid "Network Computing System identifier. These were the original UUIDs."
16094 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:53 original/man1/uuidparse.1:94
16100 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:56
16103 "The Open Software Foundation\\(cqs (OSF) Distributed Computing Environment "
16108 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:60
16114 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:63
16116 msgid "Microsoft Windows platform globally unique identifier (GUID)."
16120 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:67
16126 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:70
16128 msgid "Unknown variant. Usually invalid input data."
16132 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:73
16138 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:80
16144 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:83
16146 msgid "Special type for zero in type file."
16150 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:87
16156 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:90
16158 msgid "The DCE time based."
16162 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:97
16164 msgid "The DCE time and MAC Address."
16168 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:101
16174 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:104
16176 msgid "RFC 4122 md5sum hash."
16180 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:108
16186 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:111
16188 msgid "RFC 4122 random."
16192 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:115
16198 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:118
16200 msgid "RFC 4122 sha-1 hash."
16204 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:122
16210 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:125
16212 msgid "Unknown type. Usually invalid input data."
16215 #. type: Plain text
16216 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:141
16217 msgid "B<-o>, B<--output>"
16220 #. type: Plain text
16221 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:166
16222 msgid "B<uuidgen>(1), B<libuuid>(3),"
16225 #. type: Plain text
16226 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:174
16228 "The B<uuidparse> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
16233 #: original/man1/wall.1:10
16238 #. type: Plain text
16239 #: original/man1/wall.1:32
16240 msgid "wall - write a message to all users"
16243 #. type: Plain text
16244 #: original/man1/wall.1:35
16245 msgid "B<wall> [B<-n>] [B<-t> I<timeout>] [B<-g> I<group>] [I<message> | I<file>]"
16248 #. type: Plain text
16249 #: original/man1/wall.1:38
16251 "B<wall> displays a I<message>, or the contents of a I<file>, or otherwise "
16252 "its standard input, on the terminals of all currently logged in users. The "
16253 "command will wrap lines that are longer than 79 characters. Short lines are "
16254 "whitespace padded to have 79 characters. The command will always put a "
16255 "carriage return and new line at the end of each line."
16258 #. type: Plain text
16259 #: original/man1/wall.1:40
16261 "Only the superuser can write on the terminals of users who have chosen to "
16262 "deny messages or are using a program which automatically denies messages."
16265 #. type: Plain text
16266 #: original/man1/wall.1:42
16268 "Reading from a I<file> is refused when the invoker is not superuser and the "
16269 "program is set-user-ID or set-group-ID."
16272 #. type: Plain text
16273 #: original/man1/wall.1:45
16274 msgid "B<-n>, B<--nobanner>"
16277 #. type: Plain text
16278 #: original/man1/wall.1:47
16279 msgid "Suppress the banner."
16282 #. type: Plain text
16283 #: original/man1/wall.1:50
16284 msgid "B<-t>, B<--timeout> I<timeout>"
16287 #. type: Plain text
16288 #: original/man1/wall.1:52
16290 "Abandon the write attempt to the terminals after I<timeout> seconds. This "
16291 "I<timeout> must be a positive integer. The default value is 300 seconds, "
16292 "which is a legacy from the time when people ran terminals over modem lines."
16295 #. type: Plain text
16296 #: original/man1/wall.1:55
16297 msgid "B<-g>, B<--group> I<group>"
16300 #. type: Plain text
16301 #: original/man1/wall.1:57
16303 "Limit printing message to members of group defined as a I<group> "
16304 "argument. The argument can be group name or GID."
16307 #. type: Plain text
16308 #: original/man1/wall.1:71
16310 "Some sessions, such as B<wdm>(1x), that have in the beginning of B<utmp>(5) "
16311 "ut_type data a \\(aq:\\(aq character will not get the message from "
16312 "B<wall>. This is done to avoid write errors."
16315 #. type: Plain text
16316 #: original/man1/wall.1:74
16317 msgid "A B<wall> command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX."
16320 #. type: Plain text
16321 #: original/man1/wall.1:80
16322 msgid "B<mesg>(1), B<talk>(1), B<write>(1), B<shutdown>(8)"
16325 #. type: Plain text
16326 #: original/man1/wall.1:87
16328 "The B<wall> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
16333 #: original/man1/whereis.1:10
16338 #. type: Plain text
16339 #: original/man1/whereis.1:32
16340 msgid "whereis - locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command"
16343 #. type: Plain text
16344 #: original/man1/whereis.1:35
16345 msgid "B<whereis> [options] [B<-BMS> I<directory>... B<-f>] I<name>..."
16348 #. type: Plain text
16349 #: original/man1/whereis.1:38
16351 "B<whereis> locates the binary, source and manual files for the specified "
16352 "command names. The supplied names are first stripped of leading pathname "
16353 "components. Prefixes of B<s.> resulting from use of source code control are "
16354 "also dealt with. B<whereis> then attempts to locate the desired program in "
16355 "the standard Linux places, and in the places specified by B<$PATH> and "
16359 #. type: Plain text
16360 #: original/man1/whereis.1:40
16362 "The search restrictions (options B<-b>, B<-m> and B<-s>) are cumulative and "
16363 "apply to the subsequent I<name> patterns on the command line. Any new search "
16364 "restriction resets the search mask. For example,"
16367 #. type: Plain text
16368 #: original/man1/whereis.1:44
16369 msgid "B<whereis -bm ls tr -m gcc>"
16372 #. type: Plain text
16373 #: original/man1/whereis.1:49
16375 "searches for \"ls\" and \"tr\" binaries and man pages, and for \"gcc\" man "
16379 #. type: Plain text
16380 #: original/man1/whereis.1:51
16382 "The options B<-B>, B<-M> and B<-S> reset search paths for the subsequent "
16383 "I<name> patterns. For example,"
16386 #. type: Plain text
16387 #: original/man1/whereis.1:55
16388 msgid "B<whereis -m ls -M /usr/share/man/man1 -f cal>"
16391 #. type: Plain text
16392 #: original/man1/whereis.1:60
16394 "searches for \"B<ls>\" man pages in all default paths, but for \"cal\" in "
16395 "the I</usr/share/man/man1> directory only."
16398 #. type: Plain text
16399 #: original/man1/whereis.1:63
16403 #. type: Plain text
16404 #: original/man1/whereis.1:65
16405 msgid "Search for binaries."
16408 #. type: Plain text
16409 #: original/man1/whereis.1:70
16410 msgid "Search for manuals."
16413 #. type: Plain text
16414 #: original/man1/whereis.1:75
16415 msgid "Search for sources."
16418 #. type: Plain text
16419 #: original/man1/whereis.1:78
16423 #. type: Plain text
16424 #: original/man1/whereis.1:80
16426 "Only show the command names that have unusual entries. A command is said to "
16427 "be unusual if it does not have just one entry of each explicitly requested "
16428 "type. Thus \\(aqB<whereis -m -u *>\\(aq asks for those files in the current "
16429 "directory which have no documentation file, or more than one."
16432 #. type: Plain text
16433 #: original/man1/whereis.1:83
16434 msgid "B<-B> I<list>"
16437 #. type: Plain text
16438 #: original/man1/whereis.1:85
16440 "Limit the places where B<whereis> searches for binaries, by a "
16441 "whitespace-separated list of directories."
16444 #. type: Plain text
16445 #: original/man1/whereis.1:88
16446 msgid "B<-M> I<list>"
16449 #. type: Plain text
16450 #: original/man1/whereis.1:90
16452 "Limit the places where B<whereis> searches for manuals and documentation in "
16453 "Info format, by a whitespace-separated list of directories."
16456 #. type: Plain text
16457 #: original/man1/whereis.1:93
16458 msgid "B<-S> I<list>"
16461 #. type: Plain text
16462 #: original/man1/whereis.1:95
16464 "Limit the places where B<whereis> searches for sources, by a "
16465 "whitespace-separated list of directories."
16468 #. type: Plain text
16469 #: original/man1/whereis.1:100
16471 "Terminates the directory list and signals the start of filenames. It I<must> "
16472 "be used when any of the B<-B>, B<-M>, or B<-S> options is used."
16475 #. type: Plain text
16476 #: original/man1/whereis.1:103
16480 #. type: Plain text
16481 #: original/man1/whereis.1:105
16483 "Output the list of effective lookup paths that B<whereis> is using. When "
16484 "none of B<-B>, B<-M>, or B<-S> is specified, the option will output the "
16485 "hard-coded paths that the command was able to find on the system."
16489 #: original/man1/whereis.1:116
16491 msgid "FILE SEARCH PATHS"
16494 #. type: Plain text
16495 #: original/man1/whereis.1:119
16497 "By default B<whereis> tries to find files from hard-coded paths, which are "
16498 "defined with glob patterns. The command attempts to use the contents of "
16499 "B<$PATH> and B<$MANPATH> environment variables as default search path. The "
16500 "easiest way to know what paths are in use is to add the B<-l> listing "
16501 "option. Effects of the B<-B>, B<-M>, and B<-S> are displayed with B<-l>."
16504 #. type: Plain text
16505 #: original/man1/whereis.1:122
16506 msgid "WHEREIS_DEBUG=all"
16509 #. type: Plain text
16510 #: original/man1/whereis.1:124
16511 msgid "enables debug output."
16514 #. type: Plain text
16515 #: original/man1/whereis.1:128
16517 "To find all files in I</usr/bin> which are not documented in "
16518 "I</usr/man/man1> or have no source in I</usr/src>:"
16521 #. type: Plain text
16522 #: original/man1/whereis.1:130
16523 msgid "B<cd /usr/bin> B<whereis -u -ms -M /usr/man/man1 -S /usr/src -f *>"
16526 #. type: Plain text
16527 #: original/man1/whereis.1:137
16529 "The B<whereis> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
16534 #: original/man1/write.1:10
16539 #. type: Plain text
16540 #: original/man1/write.1:32
16541 msgid "write - send a message to another user"
16544 #. type: Plain text
16545 #: original/man1/write.1:34
16546 msgid "B<write> I<user> [I<ttyname>]"
16549 #. type: Plain text
16550 #: original/man1/write.1:37
16552 "B<write> allows you to communicate with other users, by copying lines from "
16553 "your terminal to theirs."
16556 #. type: Plain text
16557 #: original/man1/write.1:39
16559 "When you run the B<write> command, the user you are writing to gets a "
16560 "message of the form:"
16563 #. type: Plain text
16564 #: original/man1/write.1:44
16566 msgid "Message from yourname@yourhost on yourtty at hh:mm ...\n"
16569 #. type: Plain text
16570 #: original/man1/write.1:49
16572 "Any further lines you enter will be copied to the specified user\\(cqs "
16573 "terminal. If the other user wants to reply, they must run B<write> as well."
16576 #. type: Plain text
16577 #: original/man1/write.1:51
16579 "When you are done, type an end-of-file or interrupt character. The other "
16580 "user will see the message B<EOF> indicating that the conversation is over."
16583 #. type: Plain text
16584 #: original/man1/write.1:53
16586 "You can prevent people (other than the superuser) from writing to you with "
16587 "the B<mesg>(1) command. Some commands, for example B<nroff>(1) and B<pr>(1), "
16588 "may automatically disallow writing, so that the output they produce "
16589 "isn\\(cqt overwritten."
16592 #. type: Plain text
16593 #: original/man1/write.1:55
16595 "If the user you want to write to is logged in on more than one terminal, you "
16596 "can specify which terminal to write to by giving the terminal name as the "
16597 "second operand to the B<write> command. Alternatively, you can let B<write> "
16598 "select one of the terminals - it will pick the one with the shortest idle "
16599 "time. This is so that if the user is logged in at work and also dialed up "
16600 "from home, the message will go to the right place."
16603 #. type: Plain text
16604 #: original/man1/write.1:57
16606 "The traditional protocol for writing to someone is that the string I<-o>, "
16607 "either at the end of a line or on a line by itself, means that it\\(cqs the "
16608 "other person\\(cqs turn to talk. The string I<oo> means that the person "
16609 "believes the conversation to be over."
16612 #. type: Plain text
16613 #: original/man1/write.1:71
16614 msgid "A B<write> command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX."
16617 #. type: Plain text
16618 #: original/man1/write.1:76
16619 msgid "B<mesg>(1), B<talk>(1), B<who>(1)"
16622 #. type: Plain text
16623 #: original/man1/write.1:83
16625 "The B<write> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "