1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
8 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
9 "POT-Creation-Date: 2015-01-04 23:49+0900\n"
10 "PO-Revision-Date: 2015-01-05 03:45+0900\n"
11 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
12 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
15 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
16 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
19 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
25 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
31 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
32 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
33 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
34 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
35 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
36 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
37 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
38 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
39 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
40 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25 build/C/man2/splice.2:26
41 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
47 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
48 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
49 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
50 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:26
51 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
52 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32
53 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
54 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
55 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
56 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
57 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
59 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
60 msgstr "Linux Programmer's Manual"
63 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:26 build/C/man2/futex.2:54
64 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:30 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:28
65 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:28
66 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:9
67 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:9
68 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:28 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:28
69 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:33 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:11
70 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:45
71 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:20
72 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26 build/C/man2/splice.2:27
73 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:27 build/C/man2/vm86.2:27 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:27
79 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28
80 msgid "arch_prctl - set architecture-specific thread state"
81 msgstr "arch_prctl - アーキテクチャ固有のスレッド状態を設定する"
84 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28 build/C/man2/futex.2:56
85 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
86 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
87 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
88 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
89 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
90 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
91 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
92 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
93 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28 build/C/man2/splice.2:29
94 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29 build/C/man2/vm86.2:29 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
100 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:31
102 msgid "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
103 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
106 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:33
108 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
109 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
112 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:36
115 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long >I<addr>B<);>\n"
116 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
117 msgstr "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
119 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
121 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:37 build/C/man2/futex.2:70
122 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:45 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40
123 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
124 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:18
125 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:62 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:22
126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39
127 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
128 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:66 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:54
129 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:38 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
130 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:34 build/C/man2/splice.2:39
131 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:38 build/C/man2/vm86.2:35 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:39
137 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:52
139 "The B<arch_prctl>() function sets architecture-specific process or thread "
140 "state. I<code> selects a subfunction and passes argument I<addr> to it; "
141 "I<addr> is interpreted as either an I<unsigned long> for the \"set\" "
142 "operations, or as an I<unsigned long\\ *>, for the \"get\" operations."
144 "B<arch_prctl>() 関数はアーキテクチャ固有のプロセス状態またはスレッド状態を設"
145 "定する。 I<code> は副機能を選択し、引き数 I<addr> を副機能に渡す。 I<addr> "
146 "は、\"set\" 操作では I<unsigned long> として、\"get\" 操作では I<unsigned "
147 "long\\ *> として解釈される。"
150 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
151 msgid "Subfunctions for x86-64 are:"
152 msgstr "x86-64 の副機能は以下の通り:"
155 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
157 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
158 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
161 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
162 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<FS> register to I<addr>."
163 msgstr "I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
166 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
168 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
169 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
172 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
174 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<FS> register of the current thread in "
175 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
177 "現在のスレッドの I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
178 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
181 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
183 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
184 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
187 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
188 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<GS> register to I<addr>."
189 msgstr "I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
192 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
194 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
195 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
198 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82
200 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<GS> register of the current thread in "
201 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
203 "現在のスレッドの I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
204 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
207 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82 build/C/man2/futex.2:216
208 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:78 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
209 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:117 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
210 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:53
211 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2523
212 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190 build/C/man2/personality.2:62
213 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
214 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1852 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
215 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
216 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:135 build/C/man2/tee.2:85 build/C/man2/vm86.2:54
217 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:117
223 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88
225 "On success, B<arch_prctl>() returns 0; on error, -1 is returned, and "
226 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
228 "成功すると、 B<arch_prctl>() は 0 を返す。エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 "
229 "I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
232 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88 build/C/man2/futex.2:241
233 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:85 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
234 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:124 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
235 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
236 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2529 build/C/man2/personality.2:69
237 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
238 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1867 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
239 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
240 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:150 build/C/man2/tee.2:100 build/C/man2/vm86.2:59
241 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:126
247 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:89 build/C/man2/futex.2:256
248 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:112 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:51
249 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:109 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2575
250 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:272
251 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1871 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:428
252 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125 build/C/man2/vm86.2:60
258 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93
260 "I<addr> points to an unmapped address or is outside the process address "
263 "I<addr> がアンマップされたアドレスを指しているか、プロセスのアドレス空間の外"
267 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93 build/C/man2/futex.2:268
268 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:89 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:129
269 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
270 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:78 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2580
271 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:70 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
272 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:246 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:257
273 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:261 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1882
274 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
275 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128 build/C/man2/splice.2:161
276 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:107 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:137
282 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97
283 msgid "I<code> is not a valid subcommand."
284 msgstr "I<code> が有効なサブコマンドでない。"
287 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:99
288 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:136 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
289 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2647
290 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:283
291 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1892 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
292 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
298 #. Man page written by Andi Kleen.
300 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103
301 msgid "I<addr> is outside the process address space."
302 msgstr "I<addr> がプロセスのアドレス空間の外にある。"
305 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103 build/C/man2/futex.2:303
306 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:145
307 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
308 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/outb.2:87
309 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2668
310 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199 build/C/man2/personality.2:73
311 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
312 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1910 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
313 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97 build/C/man2/splice.2:184
314 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:125 build/C/man2/vm86.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:153
316 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
320 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107
322 "B<arch_prctl>() is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in "
323 "programs intended to be portable."
325 "B<arch_prctl>() は Linux/x86-64 拡張であり、移植性を意図したプログラムでは使"
329 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107 build/C/man2/futex.2:305
330 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:120 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
331 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:147 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
332 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2673
333 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
334 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:297 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1912
335 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155 build/C/man2/splice.2:186
336 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:127 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:155
342 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:110
344 "B<arch_prctl>() is supported only on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs "
347 "B<arch_prctl>() は現在のところ Linux/x86-64 上の 64 ビットプログラムでのみサ"
351 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:112
352 msgid "The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded."
354 "新しい 32 ビットセグメントセレクタがロードされた場合、 64 ビットベースは変更"
358 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:115
359 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS> is disabled in some kernels."
360 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS> が無効にされているカーネルもある。"
363 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:130
365 "Context switches for 64-bit segment bases are rather expensive. It may be a "
366 "faster alternative to set a 32-bit base using a segment selector by setting "
367 "up an LDT with B<modify_ldt>(2) or using the B<set_thread_area>(2) system "
368 "call in kernel 2.5 or later. B<arch_prctl>() is needed only when you want "
369 "to set bases that are larger than 4GB. Memory in the first 2GB of address "
370 "space can be allocated by using B<mmap>(2) with the B<MAP_32BIT> flag."
372 "64 ビットセグメントベースのコンテキストスイッチは、やや高価である。 LDT を "
373 "B<modify_ldt>(2) で設定してセグメントセレクタを使うか、 (カーネル 2.5 以降"
374 "の) B<set_thread_area>(2) システムコールを使うことにより、 32 ビットベース"
375 "を設定するという高速な代替手段もある。 4GB より大きなベースを設定したい場合に"
376 "のみ、 B<arch_prctl>() が必要である。 アドレス空間の最初の 2GB にあるメモリ"
377 "は、 B<mmap>(2) に B<MAP_32BIT> フラグを指定して割り当てることができる。"
380 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:135
382 "As of version 2.7, glibc provides no prototype for B<arch_prctl>(). You "
383 "have to declare it yourself for now. This may be fixed in future glibc "
386 "バージョン 2.7 時点では、glibc には B<arch_prctl>() のプロトタイプがない。 "
387 "今のところユーザは自分自身で宣言する必要がある。 これは将来の glibc のバー"
391 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138
392 msgid "I<FS> may be already used by the threading library."
393 msgstr "I<FS> はスレッドライブラリで既に使われているかもしれない。"
396 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138 build/C/man2/futex.2:319
397 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:129 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
398 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136
399 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
400 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2804 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
401 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:347
402 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2078 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
403 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99
404 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:240 build/C/man2/tee.2:214
405 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
411 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:143
412 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
413 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
416 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145
417 msgid "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
418 msgstr "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
421 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145 build/C/man2/futex.2:333
422 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:138 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
423 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:165 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
424 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:60
425 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:116
426 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2810 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
427 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:77 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
428 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:350 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2092
429 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:203
430 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:103 build/C/man2/splice.2:244
431 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:217 build/C/man2/vm86.2:76 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:167
437 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:153 build/C/man2/futex.2:341
438 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:146 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:121
439 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:173 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:96
440 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:146 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:68
441 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:107 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:124
442 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2818 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:217
443 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:85 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:157
444 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:358 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2100
445 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:520 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:211
446 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:111 build/C/man2/splice.2:252
447 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:225 build/C/man2/vm86.2:84 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:175
449 "This page is part of release 3.76 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
450 "description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest "
451 "version of this page, can be found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-"
454 "この man ページは Linux I<man-pages> プロジェクトのリリース 3.76 の一部\n"
455 "である。プロジェクトの説明とバグ報告に関する情報は\n"
456 "http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/ に書かれている。"
459 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
465 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
471 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:56
472 msgid "futex - fast user-space locking"
473 msgstr "futex - 高速ユーザ空間ロック"
476 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:61
479 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
480 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
482 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
483 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
486 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:64
488 msgid "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
489 msgstr "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
491 #. int *? void *? u32 *?
493 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:67
495 msgid "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
496 msgstr "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
499 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:70 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40
500 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36
501 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39
502 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
503 msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
505 "I<注>: このシステムコールには glibc のラッパー関数は存在しない。「注意」の節"
509 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:86
511 "The B<futex>() system call provides a method for a program to wait for a "
512 "value at a given address to change, and a method to wake up anyone waiting "
513 "on a particular address (while the addresses for the same memory in separate "
514 "processes may not be equal, the kernel maps them internally so the same "
515 "memory mapped in different locations will correspond for B<futex>() "
516 "calls). This system call is typically used to implement the contended case "
517 "of a lock in shared memory, as described in B<futex>(7)."
519 "B<futex>() システムコールは、 指定したアドレスの値が変更されるのをプログラム"
520 "が待つ手段や 特定のアドレスに対して待機中のプロセスを wake (起床) させる手段"
521 "を提供する (プロセスが異なれば同じメモリに対するアドレスも同じではないかもし"
522 "れないが、 カーネルは異なる位置にマップされた同じメモリを B<futex>() で使え"
523 "るよう内部でマップする)。 通常は、このシステムコールは B<futex>(7) に書かれ"
524 "ているように、 共有メモリ中のロックが競合する場合の処理を実装するのに用いられ"
528 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:93
530 "When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in user space, a "
531 "call needs to be made to the kernel to arbitrate. Arbitration can either "
532 "mean putting the calling process to sleep or, conversely, waking a waiting "
535 "B<futex>(7) の操作がユーザ空間で競合なく完了しなかった場合、 カーネルに仲裁"
536 "させるためにシステムコールを呼ぶ必要がある。 仲裁というのは、呼び出しプロセス"
537 "を sleep (起床待ち) させたり、反対に 待ちプロセスを wake させたりすることを意"
541 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:100
543 "Callers of this function are expected to adhere to the semantics as set out "
544 "in B<futex>(7). As these semantics involve writing nonportable assembly "
545 "instructions, this in turn probably means that most users will in fact be "
546 "library authors and not general application developers."
548 "この関数を呼び出すプロセスは B<futex>(7) に記述されているセマンティクスに忠"
549 "実であることが要求される。 このセマンティクスには移植不可能なアセンブリ命令を"
550 "書くことが含まれる。 このことは言い換えると futex のユーザのほとんどは実際は"
551 "ライブラリの作者であり、 一般アプリケーションの開発者ではないということであ"
555 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:108
557 "The I<uaddr> argument needs to point to an aligned integer which stores the "
558 "counter. The operation to execute is passed via the I<op> argument, along "
559 "with a value I<val>."
561 "I<uaddr> 引き数は、カウンタを格納する、 アラインメントの揃った int 型変数を指"
562 "している必要がある。 実行する操作は I<op> 引き数を介して、値 I<val> とともに"
566 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:110
567 msgid "Five operations are currently defined:"
568 msgstr "現在のところ 5 つの操作が定義されている:"
571 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:110 build/C/man2/futex.2:223
573 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
574 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
577 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:133
579 "This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
580 "contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this futex "
581 "address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents specify the "
582 "duration of the wait. (This interval will be rounded up to the system clock "
583 "granularity, and kernel scheduling delays mean that the blocking interval "
584 "may overrun by a small amount.) If I<timeout> is NULL, the call blocks "
585 "indefinitely. The arguments I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
587 "この操作は futex アドレス I<uaddr> に指定された値 I<val> がまだ格納されている"
588 "かどうかを不可分操作で検証し、 sleep 状態で この futex アドレスに対して "
589 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> が実行されるのを待つ。 I<timeout> 引き数が NULL でない場合、そ"
590 "の内容は待ち時間の最大値を表す (この停止時間はシステムクロックの粒度に切り上"
591 "げられ、 カーネルのスケジューリング遅延により少しだけ長くなる可能性がある)。 "
592 "NULL の場合、 呼び出しは無限に停止する。 引き数 I<uaddr2> と I<val3> は無視さ"
596 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:141
598 "For B<futex>(7), this call is executed if decrementing the count gave a "
599 "negative value (indicating contention), and will sleep until another process "
600 "releases the futex and executes the B<FUTEX_WAKE> operation."
602 "B<futex>(7) に照らし合わせると、この呼び出しは カウントのデクリメントで負の"
603 "値 (競合を表す) になった場合に実行され、 別のプロセスがその futex を解放し "
604 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> の操作を実行するまで sleep する。"
607 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:141 build/C/man2/futex.2:229
609 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
610 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
613 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:152
615 "This operation wakes at most I<val> processes waiting on this futex address "
616 "(i.e., inside B<FUTEX_WAIT>). The arguments I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and "
617 "I<val3> are ignored."
619 "この操作では指定した futex アドレスに対して待ち状態の (すなわち "
620 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 中の) 最大 I<val> 個のプロセスを wake させる。 引き数 "
621 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
624 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:158
626 "For B<futex>(7), this is executed if incrementing the count showed that "
627 "there were waiters, once the futex value has been set to 1 (indicating that "
630 "B<futex>(4) に照らし合わせると、 この操作は カウントのインクリメントで待ちプ"
631 "ロセスがあると判明し、 futex 値が 1 に設定された (利用可能であることを表す) "
635 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:158
637 msgid "B<FUTEX_FD> (present up to and including Linux 2.6.25)"
638 msgstr "B<FUTEX_FD> (Linux 2.6.25 以前)"
640 #. , suitable for .BR poll (2).
642 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:174
644 "To support asynchronous wakeups, this operation associates a file descriptor "
645 "with a futex. If another process executes a B<FUTEX_WAKE>, the process will "
646 "receive the signal number that was passed in I<val>. The calling process "
647 "must close the returned file descriptor after use. The arguments "
648 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
650 "非同期の wake に対応するため、この操作はファイルディスクリプタを futex に 関"
651 "連づける。 別のプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> を実行すると、プロセスは I<val> で渡"
652 "されたシグナル番号のシグナルを受信する。 呼び出しプロセスは使用後、返された"
653 "ファイルディスクリプタを クローズしなければならない。 引き数 I<timeout>, "
654 "I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
657 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:179
659 "To prevent race conditions, the caller should test if the futex has been "
660 "upped after B<FUTEX_FD> returns."
662 "競合状態を防止するため、呼び出しプロセスは B<FUTEX_FD> が返ったあと futex が "
663 "up されたかどうかを確認しなければならない。"
666 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:183
668 "Because it was inherently racy, B<FUTEX_FD> has been removed from Linux "
671 "B<FUTEX_FD> はもともと競合が起きやすかったため、 Linux 2.6.26 以降で削除され"
675 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:183
677 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.5.70)"
678 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.5.70 以降)"
681 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:198
683 "This operation was introduced in order to avoid a \"thundering herd\" effect "
684 "when B<FUTEX_WAKE> is used and all processes woken up need to acquire "
685 "another futex. This call wakes up I<val> processes, and requeues all other "
686 "waiters on the futex at address I<uaddr2>. The arguments I<timeout> and "
687 "I<val3> are ignored."
689 "この操作は、 B<FUTEX_WAKE> が使われていて、かつ wake されている全てのプロセス"
690 "が 他の futex を取得する必要がある場合に、 「獣の群れの暴走 (thundering "
691 "herd)」効果を避けるために導入された。 この呼び出しは I<val> 個のプロセスを "
692 "wake し、アドレス I<uaddr2> で futex を待っている他の全てのプロセスを再度"
693 "キューにいれる。 引き数 I<timeout> と I<val3> は無視される。"
696 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:198
698 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
699 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.6.7 以降)"
702 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:216
704 "There was a race in the intended use of B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, so "
705 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> was introduced. This is similar to B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, "
706 "but first checks whether the location I<uaddr> still contains the value "
707 "I<val3>. If not, the operation fails with the error B<EAGAIN>. The "
708 "argument I<timeout> is ignored."
710 "故意に B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> を使う場合に競合が起こるため、 B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> "
711 "が導入された。これは B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> と似ているが、場所 I<uaddr> に値 "
712 "I<val3> がまだ保持されているかを最初にチェックする。 保持されていない場合、操"
713 "作はエラー B<EAGAIN> で失敗する。引き数 I<timeout> は無視される。"
716 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:223
718 "In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
719 "indicate the error. The return value on success depends on the operation, "
720 "as described in the following list:"
722 "エラーの場合、全ての操作で -1 が返り、 I<errno> がエラーの内容を示す値に設定"
723 "される。成功時の返り値は操作によって異なり、以下のリストに書かれている通りで"
727 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:229
729 "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. See ERRORS for "
730 "the various possible error returns."
732 "そのプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> により wake された場合 0 を返す。発生する可能性"
733 "があるエラーについては「エラー」の節を参照。"
736 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:232 build/C/man2/futex.2:238 build/C/man2/futex.2:241
737 msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
738 msgstr "wake したプロセスの数を返す。"
741 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:232
747 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:235
748 msgid "Returns the new file descriptor associated with the futex."
749 msgstr "futex に関連づけられた新たなファイルディスクリプタを返す。"
752 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:235
754 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
755 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
758 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:238
760 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
761 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
764 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:242 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2551
765 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
771 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:245
772 msgid "No read access to futex memory."
773 msgstr "futex メモリに読み込みアクセス権がなかった。"
776 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:245 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:116
777 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:151 build/C/man2/tee.2:101
778 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
784 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:256
786 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> detected that the value pointed to by I<uaddr> is not "
787 "equal to the expected value I<val3>. (This probably indicates a race; use "
788 "the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
790 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> で、I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 I<val3> と異なる状況が検出"
791 "された。 (これは競合を示しているかもしれない。この場合は安全な B<FUTEX_WAKE> "
795 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:261
796 msgid "Error retrieving I<timeout> information from user space."
797 msgstr "ユーザ空間から I<timeout> の情報を取得する際にエラーが発生した。"
800 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:261
806 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:268
808 "A B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation was interrupted by a signal (see B<signal>(7)) or "
811 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作がシグナル (B<signal>(7) 参照) もしくは偽の wakeup により中"
815 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
816 msgid "Invalid argument."
820 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
826 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:274
827 msgid "The system limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
828 msgstr "オープンされているファイルの総数がシステムの制限に達した。"
831 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:274 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
832 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2633
833 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447 build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
839 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:278
840 msgid "Invalid operation specified in I<op>."
841 msgstr "I<op> に無効な操作が指定された。"
844 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:278
847 msgstr "B<ETIMEDOUT>"
850 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:283
851 msgid "Timeout during the B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation."
852 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作でタイムアウトが発生した。"
855 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:283
857 msgid "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
858 msgstr "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
861 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:293
863 "I<op> was B<FUTEX_WAIT> and the value pointed to by I<uaddr> was not equal "
864 "to the expected value I<val> at the time of the call."
866 "I<op> が B<FUTEX_WAIT> で、その呼び出しにおいて I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 "
870 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:293 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:116
871 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:141
872 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
873 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:292
874 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
875 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:179 build/C/man2/tee.2:120
876 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:148
882 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:303
884 "Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7 but with different semantics "
885 "from what was described above. A 4-argument system call with the semantics "
886 "described in this page was introduced in Linux 2.5.40. In Linux 2.5.70, one "
887 "argument was added. In Linux 2.6.7, a sixth argument was added\\(emmessy, "
888 "especially on the s390 architecture."
890 "最初の futex 対応は Linux 2.5.7 で組み込まれたが、 上記のセマンティクスとは異"
891 "なる。 4 つの引き数のここに書かれているセマンティクスを持つ システムコール"
892 "は、Linux 2.5.40 で導入された。 Linux 2.5.70 では 1 つの引き数が追加された。 "
893 "Linux 2.6.7 では 6 番目の引き数が追加された。 これは汚く、s390 アーキテクチャ"
897 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:305 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:147
898 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99 build/C/man2/splice.2:186
899 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:127 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:155
900 msgid "This system call is Linux-specific."
901 msgstr "このシステムコールは Linux 固有である。"
905 #. Futexes were designed and worked on by
906 #. Hubertus Franke (IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center),
907 #. Matthew Kirkwood, Ingo Molnar (Red Hat)
908 #. and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center).
909 #. This page written by bert hubert.
911 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:319
913 "To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction "
914 "for end-users. (There is no wrapper function for this system call in "
915 "glibc.) Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have read "
916 "the sources of the futex user-space library referenced below."
918 "繰り返すが、裸の futex はエンドユーザが容易に使うことのできる概念として 意図"
919 "されたものではない (glibc にはこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数はな"
920 "い)。 実装者は、アセンブリ言語に慣れており、以下に挙げる futex ユーザ空間ライ"
921 "ブラリの ソースを読み終えていることが要求される。"
924 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:322
925 msgid "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<futex>(7)"
926 msgstr "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<futex>(7)"
929 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:325
931 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
932 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
934 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
935 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
938 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:328
940 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
943 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
947 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:330
948 msgid "Futex example library, futex-*.tar.bz2 at"
949 msgstr "futex の使用例ライブラリ, futex-*.tar.bz2"
952 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:333
954 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> E<."
957 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> E<."
961 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
963 msgid "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
964 msgstr "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
967 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
973 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
975 msgid "Linux System Calls"
976 msgstr "Linux System Calls"
979 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32
980 msgid "get_robust_list, set_robust_list - get/set list of robust futexes"
984 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:37
987 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
988 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
989 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
991 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
992 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
993 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
996 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:41
999 "B<long get_robust_list(int >I<pid>B<, struct robust_list_head **>I<head_ptr>B<,>\n"
1000 "B< size_t *>I<len_ptr>B<);>\n"
1001 "B<long set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head *>I<head>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);>\n"
1005 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:45
1006 msgid "I<Note>: There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES."
1008 "I<注意>: これらのシステムコールには glibc ラッパー関数は存在しない。 「注意」"
1012 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:50
1014 "The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust "
1015 "futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits. These lists are managed "
1016 "in user space; the kernel is notified about only the location of the head of "
1021 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:66
1023 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call returns the head of the robust futex "
1024 "list of the thread whose thread ID is specified in I<pid>. If I<pid> is 0, "
1025 "the head of the list for the calling thread is returned. The list head is "
1026 "stored in the location pointed to by I<head_ptr>. The size of the object "
1027 "pointed to by I<**head_ptr> is stored in I<len_ptr>."
1031 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:78
1033 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call requests the kernel to record the head "
1034 "of the list of robust futexes owned by the calling thread. The I<head> "
1035 "argument is the list head to record. The I<len> argument should be "
1040 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:85
1042 "The B<set_robust_list>() and B<get_robust_list>() system calls return zero "
1043 "when the operation is successful, an error code otherwise."
1047 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:89
1049 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following error:"
1053 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:95
1055 "I<len> does not match the size of structure B<struct robust_list_head> "
1056 "expected by kernel."
1060 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:99
1062 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following errors:"
1066 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:107
1068 "The calling process does not have permission to see the robust futex list of "
1069 "the thread with the thread ID I<pid>, and does not have the "
1070 "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE> capability."
1074 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:107 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2660
1075 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1905
1076 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
1082 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:112
1083 msgid "No thread with the thread ID I<pid> could be found."
1087 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:116
1089 "The head of the robust futex list can't be stored at the location I<head>."
1093 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:120
1095 "These system calls were added in Linux 2.6.17. No library support is "
1096 "provided; use B<syscall>(2)."
1098 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
1099 "サポートは提供されていない。 B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1102 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:125
1104 "These system calls are not needed by normal applications. No support for "
1105 "them is provided in glibc. In the unlikely event that you want to call them "
1106 "directly, use B<syscall>(2)."
1108 "通常のアプリケーションでは、これらのシステムコールは必要ではない。 glibc によ"
1109 "るサポートは提供されていない。おそらくないと思うが、このシステムコールを直接"
1110 "呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1113 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:129
1115 "A thread can have only one robust futex list; therefore applications that "
1116 "wish to use this functionality should use the robust mutexes provided by "
1120 #. .BR pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np (3)
1122 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:132
1124 msgstr "B<futex>(2)"
1126 #. http://lwn.net/Articles/172149/
1128 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:138
1130 "I<Documentation/robust-futexes.txt> and I<Documentation/robust-futex-ABI."
1131 "txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
1135 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
1141 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
1147 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
1148 msgid "getunwind - copy the unwind data to caller's buffer"
1152 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:34
1155 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1156 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1158 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1159 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1162 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:36
1164 msgid "B<long getunwind(void >I<*buf>B<, size_t >I<buf_size>B<);>\n"
1168 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:42
1169 msgid "I<Note: this function is obsolete.>"
1173 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:52
1175 "The IA-64-specific B<getunwind>() system call copies the kernel's call "
1176 "frame unwind data into the buffer pointed to by I<buf> and returns the size "
1177 "of the unwind data; this data describes the gate page (kernel code that is "
1178 "mapped into user space)."
1182 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:64
1184 "The size of the buffer I<buf> is specified in I<buf_size>. The data is "
1185 "copied only if I<buf_size> is greater than or equal to the size of the "
1186 "unwind data and I<buf> is not NULL; otherwise, no data is copied, and the "
1187 "call succeeds, returning the size that would be needed to store the unwind "
1192 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:68
1194 "The first part of the unwind data contains an unwind table. The rest "
1195 "contains the associated unwind information, in no particular order. The "
1196 "unwind table contains entries of the following form:"
1200 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:73
1203 " u64 start; (64-bit address of start of function)\n"
1204 " u64 end; (64-bit address of end of function)\n"
1205 " u64 info; (BUF-relative offset to unwind info)\n"
1209 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
1211 "An entry whose I<start> value is zero indicates the end of the table. For "
1212 "more information about the format, see the I<IA-64 Software Conventions and "
1213 "Runtime Architecture> manual."
1217 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
1219 "On success, B<getunwind>() returns the size of the unwind data. On error, "
1220 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1222 "成功すると、 B<getunwind> は unwind されたデータのサイズを返す。 エラーの場"
1223 "合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1226 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94
1228 "B<getunwind>() fails with the error B<EFAULT> if the unwind info can't be "
1229 "stored in the space specified by I<buf>."
1233 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96
1234 msgid "This system call is available since Linux 2.4."
1238 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
1240 "This system call is Linux-specific, and is available only on the IA-64 "
1245 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:107
1247 "This system call has been deprecated. The modern way to obtain the kernel's "
1248 "unwind data is via the gate DSO. The address of the ELF header for this DSO "
1249 "is passed to user level via B<AT_SYSINFO_EHDR> (see B<getauxval>(3))."
1253 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
1255 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; in the unlikely event "
1256 "that you want to call it, use B<syscall>(2)."
1258 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。おそらくない"
1259 "と思うが、このシステムコールを呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1262 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
1263 msgid "B<getauxval>(3)"
1264 msgstr "B<getauxval>(3)"
1267 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
1273 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
1274 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
1280 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29
1281 msgid "kexec_load - load a new kernel for later execution"
1282 msgstr "kexec_load - 新しいカーネルを後で実行するためにロードする"
1285 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:31
1286 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1287 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1290 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:33
1292 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1295 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1299 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:36
1300 msgid "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1301 msgstr "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1304 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:44
1306 "The B<kexec_load>() system call loads a new kernel that can be executed "
1307 "later by B<reboot>(2)."
1309 "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは、新しいカーネルをロードし、\n"
1310 "その後の B<reboot>(2) で実行できるようにする。"
1313 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1315 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that controls the operation of the "
1316 "call. The following values can be specified in I<flags>:"
1318 "I<flags> 引き数は、システムコールの呼び出しの動作を制御するマスクビットであ"
1319 "る。 I<flags> には以下の値を指定できる。"
1322 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1324 msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
1325 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
1327 #. FIXME Explain in more detail how KEXEC_ON_CRASH is actually used
1329 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1330 msgid "Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash."
1331 msgstr "システムのクラッシュ時に、新しいカーネルを自動的に実行する。"
1334 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1336 msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
1337 msgstr "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (Linux 2.6.27 以降)"
1340 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:64
1342 "Preserve the system hardware and software states before executing the new "
1343 "kernel. This could be used for system suspend. This flag is available only "
1344 "if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP>, and is effective "
1345 "only if I<nr_segments> is greater than 0."
1348 "システムのハードウェアとソフトウェアの状態を保存する。\n"
1349 "システムの中断時 (suspend) などで使用できる。\n"
1350 "このフラグは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP> が有効の場合のみ\n"
1351 "利用可能であり、 I<nr_segments> が 0 より大きい場合のみ効果がある。"
1354 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:85
1356 "The high-order bits (corresponding to the mask 0xffff0000) of I<flags> "
1357 "contain the architecture of the to-be-executed kernel. Specify (OR) the "
1358 "constant B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> to use the current architecture, or one of "
1359 "the following architecture constants B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_68K>, "
1360 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, "
1361 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, "
1362 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, and B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE>. The "
1363 "architecture must be executable on the CPU of the system."
1365 "I<flags> の上位ビット (マスク 0xffff0000 に対応) には、\n"
1366 "実行されるカーネルのアーキテクチャが入る。\n"
1367 "現在のアーキテクチャを使うことを意味する定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> か、\n"
1368 "アーキテクチャ定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_68K>, "
1369 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>,\n"
1370 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>,\n"
1371 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>,\n"
1372 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE> の\n"
1373 "いずれか一つを (OR で) 指定する。指定するアーキテクチャは、\n"
1374 "システムの CPU で実行可能なものでなければならない。"
1377 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:100
1380 #| "The I<entry> argument is the physical entry address in the kernel image. "
1381 #| "The I<nr_segments> argument is the number of segments pointed to by the "
1382 #| "I<segments> pointer. The I<segments> argument is an array of "
1383 #| "I<kexec_segment> structures which define the kernel layout:"
1385 "The I<entry> argument is the physical entry address in the kernel image. "
1386 "The I<nr_segments> argument is the number of segments pointed to by the "
1387 "I<segments> pointer; the kernel imposes an (arbitrary) limit of 16 on the "
1388 "number of segments. The I<segments> argument is an array of "
1389 "I<kexec_segment> structures which define the kernel layout:"
1391 "I<entry> 引き数は、カーネルイメージの物理エントリーアドレスである。\n"
1392 "I<nr_segments> 引き数は、 I<segments> ポインタが指すセグメントの\n"
1393 "数である。 I<segments> 引き数は I<kexec_segment> 構造体の配列で、\n"
1394 "この構造体によりカーネルの配置が定義される。"
1397 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:109
1400 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1401 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1402 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1403 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1404 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1407 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1408 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1409 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1410 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1411 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1414 #. FIXME Explain the details of how the kernel image defined by segments
1415 #. is copied from the calling process into previously reserved memory.
1417 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:117
1419 "The kernel image defined by I<segments> is copied from the calling process "
1420 "into previously reserved memory."
1422 "I<segments> で定義されたカーネルイメージは、\n"
1423 "呼び出したプロセスから予約済みメモリにコピーされる。"
1426 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:124
1428 "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
1429 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1431 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
1432 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1435 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:125 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
1436 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1868 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
1442 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:129
1444 "Another crash kernel is already being loaded or a crash kernel is already in "
1447 "別のクラッシュカーネルがすでにロードされているか、\n"
1448 "クラッシュカーネルがすでに使用されている。"
1450 #. KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX == 16
1452 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:136
1453 msgid "I<flags> is invalid; or I<nr_segments> is too large"
1454 msgstr "I<flags> が無効である。 I<nr_segments> が大きすぎる。"
1457 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:141
1458 msgid "The caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability."
1459 msgstr "呼び出し側が B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
1462 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:145
1463 msgid "The B<kexec_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.13."
1464 msgstr "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.13 で初めて登場した。"
1467 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:152
1469 "Currently, there is no glibc support for B<kexec_load>(). Call it using "
1472 "現在のところ、 B<kexec_load>() は glibc ではサポートされていない。\n"
1473 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。"
1475 #. FIXME . Andi submitted a patch for this.
1476 #. Check if it got accepted later.
1478 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159
1480 "The required constants are in the Linux kernel source file I<linux/kexec.h>, "
1481 "which is not currently exported to glibc. Therefore, these constants must "
1482 "be defined manually."
1484 "必要な定数は Linux カーネルのソースファイル I<linux/kexec.h> で定義されてい"
1486 "が、現在のところ glibc には公開されていない。\n"
1487 "そのため、これらの定数は手動で定義しなければならない。"
1490 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162
1492 "This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with "
1495 "このシステムコールは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC> が有効になって\n"
1499 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:165
1500 msgid "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1501 msgstr "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1504 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1506 msgid "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1507 msgstr "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1510 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1516 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
1517 msgid "lookup_dcookie - return a directory entry's path"
1518 msgstr "lookup_dcookie - ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を返す"
1521 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
1523 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1526 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1530 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:38
1532 "Look up the full path of the directory entry specified by the value "
1533 "I<cookie>. The cookie is an opaque identifier uniquely identifying a "
1534 "particular directory entry. The buffer given is filled in with the full "
1535 "path of the directory entry."
1537 "I<cookie> 値で指定されたディレクトリ・エントリのフルパス名を検索する。 "
1538 "cookie は、個々のディレクトリ・エントリを区別する内部識別子 (opaque "
1539 "identifier) である。引き数で指定されたバッファに、ディレクトリ・エントリの フ"
1543 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
1545 "For B<lookup_dcookie>() to return successfully, the kernel must still hold "
1546 "a cookie reference to the directory entry."
1548 "B<lookup_dcookie>() が正常に値を返すためには、カーネルがディレクトリ・エント"
1549 "リへの cookie 参照を 保持していなければならない。"
1552 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
1554 "On success, B<lookup_dcookie>() returns the length of the path string "
1555 "copied into the buffer. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1558 "成功した場合、 B<lookup_dcookie>() はバッファにコピーしたパス文字列の長さを"
1559 "返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
1562 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54
1563 msgid "The buffer was not valid."
1564 msgstr "バッファが有効でなかった。"
1567 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1569 "The kernel has no registered cookie/directory entry mappings at the time of "
1570 "lookup, or the cookie does not refer to a valid directory entry."
1572 "検索が行われた時、cookie とディレクトリ・エントリのマッピングがカーネルに 登"
1573 "録されていなかったか、または cookie が有効なディレクトリ・エントリを 参照して"
1577 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1579 msgid "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1580 msgstr "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1583 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61
1584 msgid "The name could not fit in the buffer."
1585 msgstr "名前がバッファに入り切らなかった。"
1588 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:278
1589 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138 build/C/man2/splice.2:169
1590 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:117 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
1596 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
1598 "The kernel could not allocate memory for the temporary buffer holding the "
1601 "カーネルが、パス名を保持する一時バッファ用のメモリを割り当てることが できな"
1605 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70
1607 "The process does not have the capability B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> required to look "
1610 "プロセスが cookie 値を検索するのに必要なケーパビリティ B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> を"
1614 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
1620 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73
1622 "The buffer was not large enough to hold the path of the directory entry."
1624 "バッファが、ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を収容するのに 十分な大きさではな"
1628 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78
1630 "Available since Linux 2.5.43. The B<ENAMETOOLONG> error return was added in "
1633 "Linux 2.5.43 以降で利用できる。 エラー B<ENAMETOOLONG> を返す仕様は 2.5.70 で"
1637 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
1638 msgid "B<lookup_dcookie>() is Linux-specific."
1639 msgstr "B<lookup_dcookie>() は Linux 独自の関数である。"
1642 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:85
1644 "B<lookup_dcookie>() is a special-purpose system call, currently used only "
1645 "by the oprofile profiler. It relies on a kernel driver to register cookies "
1646 "for directory entries."
1648 "B<lookup_dcookie>() は特殊な用途に使われるシステムコールで、現在のところ "
1649 "oprofile profiler で 使われているだけである。"
1652 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
1654 "The path returned may be suffixed by the string \" (deleted)\" if the "
1655 "directory entry has been removed."
1657 "指定されたディレクトリ・エントリが削除されていた場合、返されるパス名の最後に "
1658 "\" (deleted)\" という文字列が付加されることがある。"
1661 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
1667 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
1673 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27
1674 msgid "modify_ldt - get or set ldt"
1675 msgstr "modify_ldt - ldt を設定または取得する"
1678 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:30
1680 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1681 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1684 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:32
1686 msgid "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1687 msgstr "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1690 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:41
1692 "B<modify_ldt>() reads or writes the local descriptor table (ldt) for a "
1693 "process. The ldt is a per-process memory management table used by the i386 "
1694 "processor. For more information on this table, see an Intel 386 processor "
1697 "B<modify_ldt>() はプロセスのローカル・ディスクリプタ・テーブル (local "
1698 "descriptor table; ldt) を読み書きする。 ldt は i386 プロセッサで使用されるプ"
1699 "ロセスごとのメモリ管理テーブルである。 このテーブルに関してのより詳しい情報"
1700 "は Intel 386 processor handbook を 参照すること。"
1703 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:51
1705 "When I<func> is 0, B<modify_ldt>() reads the ldt into the memory pointed to "
1706 "by I<ptr>. The number of bytes read is the smaller of I<bytecount> and the "
1707 "actual size of the ldt."
1709 "I<func> が 0 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt を I<ptr> が指しているメモリに"
1710 "読み込む。 読み込むバイト数は実際の ldt のサイズか I<bytecount> より小さい方"
1713 #. FIXME Should this page say something about func == 2 and func == 0x11?
1714 #. In Linux 2.4, func == 2 returned "the default ldt"
1715 #. In Linux 2.6, func == 2 is a nop, returning a zeroed out structure.
1716 #. Linux 2.4 and 2.6 implement an operation for func == 0x11
1718 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:69
1720 "When I<func> is 1, B<modify_ldt>() modifies one ldt entry. I<ptr> points "
1721 "to a I<user_desc> structure and I<bytecount> must equal the size of this "
1724 "I<func> が 1 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt エントリの一つを変更する。 "
1725 "I<ptr> は I<user_desc> 構造体を指し、 I<bytecount> はこの構造体の大きさに等し"
1729 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:73
1730 msgid "The I<user_desc> structure is defined in I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> as:"
1732 "I<user_desc> 構造体は I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
1735 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:87
1738 "struct user_desc {\n"
1739 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1740 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1741 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1742 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1743 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1744 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1745 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1746 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1747 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1750 "struct user_desc {\n"
1751 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1752 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1753 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1754 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1755 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1756 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1757 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1758 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1759 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1763 #. The ldt is specific for the calling process. Any attempts to change
1764 #. the ldt to include the address space of another process or the kernel
1765 #. will result in a segmentation violation when trying to access the memory
1766 #. outside of the process address space. The memory protection is enforced
1767 #. at the paging layer.
1769 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98
1770 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>."
1772 "Linux 2.4 以前では、この構造体は I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> という名前であった。"
1775 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108
1777 "On success, B<modify_ldt>() returns either the actual number of bytes read "
1778 "(for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, B<modify_ldt>() returns -1 "
1779 "and sets I<errno> to indicate the error."
1781 "成功した場合は、 B<modify_ldt>() は (読み込みの場合は) 実際に読み込んだバイ"
1782 "ト数、 または (書き込みの場合は) 0 を返す。 失敗した場合は B<modify_ldt>() "
1783 "は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
1786 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
1787 msgid "I<ptr> points outside the address space."
1788 msgstr "I<ptr> がアドレス空間の外を指している。"
1791 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
1793 "I<ptr> is 0, or I<func> is 1 and I<bytecount> is not equal to the size of "
1794 "the structure I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>, or I<func> is 1 and the new ldt entry has "
1797 "I<ptr> が 0 である、 または I<func> が 1 で I<bytecount> が "
1798 "I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> 構造体のサイズと等しくないか、 I<func> が 1 で新しい ldt "
1802 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
1803 msgid "I<func> is neither 0 nor 1."
1804 msgstr "I<func> が 0 でも 1 でもない。"
1807 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133
1809 "This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
1812 "このコールは Linux 特有であり、移植を意図したプログラムでは 使用してはいけな"
1816 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
1817 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
1819 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
1822 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 "
1823 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。"
1826 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138
1831 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1837 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1843 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
1844 msgid "nfsservctl - syscall interface to kernel nfs daemon"
1845 msgstr "nfsservctl - カーネル nfs デーモンのためのインターフェース"
1848 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:14
1850 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1851 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1854 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:17
1857 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1858 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1860 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1861 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1864 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:21
1865 msgid "I<Note>: Since Linux 3.1, this system call no longer exists."
1866 msgstr "I<注意>: Linux 3.1 以降では、このシステムコールはもはや存在しない。"
1869 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:35
1873 " * These are the commands understood by nfsctl().\n"
1875 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* This is a server process. */\n"
1876 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* Add an NFS client. */\n"
1877 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* Remove an NFS client. */\n"
1878 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* Export a filesystem. */\n"
1879 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* Unexport a filesystem. */\n"
1880 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* Update a client's UID/GID map\n"
1881 " (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
1882 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* Get a file handle (used by mountd)\n"
1883 " (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
1886 " * nfsctl() によって理解されるコマンド\n"
1888 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* サーバープロセス */\n"
1889 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* NFS クライアントを追加 */\n"
1890 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* NFS クライアンドを削除 */\n"
1891 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* ファイルシステムのエクスポート */\n"
1892 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* ファイルシステムのアンエクスポート */\n"
1893 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* UID/GID マップの更新\n"
1894 " (Linux 2.4.x とそれ以前のみ) */\n"
1895 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* (mountd で使用される) fh の取得\n"
1896 " (Linux 2.4.x とそれ以前のみ) */\n"
1899 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:47
1902 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1903 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1905 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1906 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1907 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1908 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1909 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1910 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1914 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1915 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1917 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1918 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1919 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1920 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1921 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1922 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1927 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:52
1930 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1931 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1932 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1935 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1936 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1937 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1941 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105
1942 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:59
1944 "On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1947 "成功した場合は 0 が返される。エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
1951 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:60
1952 msgid "This call is Linux-specific."
1953 msgstr "このコールは Linux 特有である。"
1956 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1962 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1968 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31
1970 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1971 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - port I/O"
1973 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1974 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - ポート入出力"
1977 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:34
1979 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1980 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1983 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:41
1986 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1987 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1988 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1989 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1990 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1991 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1993 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1994 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1995 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1996 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1997 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1998 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2001 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:48
2004 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2005 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2006 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2007 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2008 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2009 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2011 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2012 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2013 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2014 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2015 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2016 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2019 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:61
2022 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2023 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2024 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2025 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2026 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2027 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2028 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2029 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2030 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2031 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2032 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2033 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2035 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2036 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2037 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2038 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2039 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2040 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2041 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2042 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2043 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2044 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2045 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2046 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2049 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:67
2051 "This family of functions is used to do low-level port input and output. The "
2052 "out* functions do port output, the in* functions do port input; the b-suffix "
2053 "functions are byte-width and the w-suffix functions word-width; the _p-"
2054 "suffix functions pause until the I/O completes."
2056 "この一連の関数はポートに対する低レベルの入出力に使用する。 out* 関数はポート"
2057 "出力、in* 関数はポート入力を行う。 語尾に b がついている関数はバイト単位、w "
2058 "がついている関数はワード単位である。 _p がついている関数は I/O が終了するまで"
2061 #. , given the following information
2062 #. in addition to that given in
2065 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:73
2067 "They are primarily designed for internal kernel use, but can be used from "
2070 "これらの関数はもともとカーネル内部での使用を想定して設計されているが、 ユー"
2074 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:78
2076 "You must compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined "
2077 "as inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization "
2078 "enabled, causing unresolved references at link time."
2080 "B<-O> や B<-O2> などを指定してコンパイルしなければならない。 これらの関数はイ"
2081 "ンライン・マクロとして定義されており、 最適化を行わないと関数の展開が行われ"
2082 "ず、 リンクの時に「解決できない参照(unresolved reference)」が発生する。"
2085 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:87
2087 "You use B<ioperm>(2) or alternatively B<iopl>(2) to tell the kernel to "
2088 "allow the user space application to access the I/O ports in question. "
2089 "Failure to do this will cause the application to receive a segmentation "
2092 "ユーザー空間のアプリケーションが I/O ポートにアクセスすることを カーネルに教"
2093 "えるために B<ioperm>(2) もしくは B<iopl>(2) を使用すること。これを忘れると"
2094 "アプリケーションはセグメンテーション違反 (segmentation fault) を受けとること"
2098 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96
2100 "B<outb>() and friends are hardware-specific. The I<value> argument is "
2101 "passed first and the I<port> argument is passed second, which is the "
2102 "opposite order from most DOS implementations."
2104 "B<outb>() とその仲間はハードウェア特有である。 I<value> 引数が最初に渡さ"
2105 "れ、 I<port> 引数が二番目に渡される。 この順序はほとんどの DOS での実装とは逆"
2109 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99
2110 msgid "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2111 msgstr "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2114 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2116 msgid "PCICONFIG_READ"
2117 msgstr "PCICONFIG_READ"
2120 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2126 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
2128 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci device information "
2131 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci デバイス情報を扱う"
2134 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:14
2136 msgid "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2137 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2140 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:21
2143 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2144 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2145 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2146 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2147 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2148 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2150 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2151 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2152 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2153 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2154 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2155 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2158 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27
2160 "Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the kernel "
2161 "PCI layer, and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed from "
2164 "PCI デバイスとのやり取り (interaction) は カーネル PCI レイヤですでに処理され"
2165 "ているので、 通常はこららの関数をユーザ空間からアクセスする必要はない。"
2168 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:51
2170 msgid "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2171 msgstr "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2174 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36
2175 msgid "Reads to I<buf> from device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2176 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> の値を I<buf> に読み込む。"
2179 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57
2181 msgid "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2182 msgstr "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2185 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45
2186 msgid "Writes from I<buf> to device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2187 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> に I<buf> の値を書き込む。"
2190 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2192 msgid "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2193 msgstr "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2196 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50
2198 "You pass it a bus/devfn pair and get a physical address for either the "
2199 "memory offset (for things like prep, this is 0xc0000000), the IO base for "
2200 "PIO cycles, or the ISA holes if any."
2202 "bus/devfn ペアをこの関数に渡し、 メモリオフセット (prep のようなものでは、こ"
2203 "の値は 0xc0000000 である) と PIO サイクルの IO ベースの物理アドレスを取得す"
2204 "る。 また、もしあるならば ISA hole の物理アドレスを取得する。"
2207 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2209 "On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
2212 "成功した場合、0 が返される。 エラーの場合、-1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
2216 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
2218 "Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory "
2219 "according to the I<which> value. Values for I<which> are: "
2220 "B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, "
2221 "B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM>."
2223 "I<which> の値に基づいて、物理メモリ内の様々な I/O 領域の位置情報が返される。 "
2224 "I<which> の値は、 B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, "
2225 "B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM> である。"
2228 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
2229 msgid "I<len> value is invalid. This does not apply to B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2231 "I<len> の値が無効である。 このエラーは B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されな"
2235 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1885
2236 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
2242 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
2247 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2612
2253 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93
2255 "For B<pciconfig_iobase>(), \"hose\" value is NULL. For the other calls, "
2256 "could not find a slot."
2258 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() の場合、でホース (hose) の値が NULL である。 他の呼び"
2259 "出しの場合、スロット (slot) が見つからない。"
2262 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
2263 msgid "The system has not implemented these calls (B<CONFIG_PCI> not defined)."
2265 "このシステムはこれらの呼び出しを実装していない。 (B<CONFIG_PCI> が定義されて"
2269 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2640
2271 msgid "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2272 msgstr "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2275 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105
2277 "This return value is valid only for B<pciconfig_iobase>(). It is returned "
2278 "if the value for I<which> is invalid."
2280 "この返り値は B<pciconfig_iobase>() でのみ有効である。 このエラーは I<which> "
2284 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112
2286 "User does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability. This does not apply to "
2287 "B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2289 "ユーザが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> 権限を持っていない。 このエラーは "
2290 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されない。"
2293 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
2294 msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
2296 "これらの呼び出しは Linux 特有のものであり、 Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11 から使用可能"
2300 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:116
2301 msgid "B<capabilities>(7)"
2302 msgstr "B<capabilities>(7)"
2305 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2307 msgid "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2308 msgstr "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2311 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30
2312 msgid "perf_event_open - set up performance monitoring"
2316 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:34
2319 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2320 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2322 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2323 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2326 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:38
2329 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2330 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2331 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2333 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2334 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2335 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2338 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:47
2340 "Given a list of parameters, B<perf_event_open>() returns a file descriptor, "
2341 "for use in subsequent system calls (B<read>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<prctl>(2), "
2342 "B<fcntl>(2), etc.)."
2346 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:55
2348 "A call to B<perf_event_open>() creates a file descriptor that allows "
2349 "measuring performance information. Each file descriptor corresponds to one "
2350 "event that is measured; these can be grouped together to measure multiple "
2351 "events simultaneously."
2355 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:62
2357 "Events can be enabled and disabled in two ways: via B<ioctl>(2) and via "
2358 "B<prctl>(2). When an event is disabled it does not count or generate "
2359 "overflows but does continue to exist and maintain its count value."
2363 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2365 "Events come in two flavors: counting and sampled. A I<counting> event is "
2366 "one that is used for counting the aggregate number of events that occur. In "
2367 "general, counting event results are gathered with a B<read>(2) call. A "
2368 "I<sampling> event periodically writes measurements to a buffer that can then "
2369 "be accessed via B<mmap>(2)."
2373 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2379 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:83
2381 "The I<pid> and I<cpu> arguments allow specifying which process and CPU to "
2386 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:83
2388 msgid "B<pid == 0> and B<cpu == -1>"
2392 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:86
2393 msgid "This measures the calling process/thread on any CPU."
2397 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:86
2399 msgid "B<pid == 0> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2403 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
2405 "This measures the calling process/thread only when running on the specified "
2410 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
2412 msgid "B<pid E<gt> 0> and B<cpu == -1>"
2416 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:93
2417 msgid "This measures the specified process/thread on any CPU."
2421 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:93
2423 msgid "B<pid E<gt> 0> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2427 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:97
2429 "This measures the specified process/thread only when running on the "
2434 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:97
2436 msgid "B<pid == -1> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2440 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:105
2442 "This measures all processes/threads on the specified CPU. This requires "
2443 "B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability or a I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid> "
2444 "value of less than 1."
2448 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:105
2450 msgid "B<pid == -1> and B<cpu == -1>"
2454 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:108
2455 msgid "This setting is invalid and will return an error."
2459 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:130
2461 "The I<group_fd> argument allows event groups to be created. An event group "
2462 "has one event which is the group leader. The leader is created first, with "
2463 "I<group_fd> = -1. The rest of the group members are created with subsequent "
2464 "B<perf_event_open>() calls with I<group_fd> being set to the file "
2465 "descriptor of the group leader. (A single event on its own is created with "
2466 "I<group_fd> = -1 and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.) An "
2467 "event group is scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will be put onto the CPU "
2468 "only if all of the events in the group can be put onto the CPU. This means "
2469 "that the values of the member events can be meaningfully compared\\(emadded, "
2470 "divided (to get ratios), and so on\\(emwith each other, since they have "
2471 "counted events for the same set of executed instructions."
2475 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:134
2477 "The I<flags> argument is formed by ORing together zero or more of the "
2480 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
2483 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:134
2485 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC> (since Linux 3.14)."
2486 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC> (Linux 3.14 以降)."
2489 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:150
2491 "This flag enables the close-on-exec flag for the created event file "
2492 "descriptor, so that the file descriptor is automatically closed on "
2493 "B<execve>(2). Setting the close-on-exec flags at creation time, rather than "
2494 "later with B<fcntl>(2), avoids potential race conditions where the calling "
2495 "thread invokes B<perf_event_open>() and B<fcntl>(2) at the same time as "
2496 "another thread calls B<fork>(2) then B<execve>(2)."
2500 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:150
2502 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
2503 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
2505 #. FIXME . The following sentence is unclear
2506 #. FIXME . So, why is it useful?
2508 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:157
2510 "This flag allows creating an event as part of an event group but having no "
2511 "group leader. It is unclear why this is useful."
2515 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:157
2517 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT>"
2518 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT>"
2521 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:160
2522 msgid "This flag reroutes the output from an event to the group leader."
2526 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:160
2528 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (since Linux 2.6.39)."
2529 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)."
2532 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:183
2534 "This flag activates per-container system-wide monitoring. A container is an "
2535 "abstraction that isolates a set of resources for finer-grained control "
2536 "(CPUs, memory, etc.). In this mode, the event is measured only if the "
2537 "thread running on the monitored CPU belongs to the designated container "
2538 "(cgroup). The cgroup is identified by passing a file descriptor opened on "
2539 "its directory in the cgroupfs filesystem. For instance, if the cgroup to "
2540 "monitor is called I<test>, then a file descriptor opened on I</dev/cgroup/"
2541 "test> (assuming cgroupfs is mounted on I</dev/cgroup>) must be passed as "
2542 "the I<pid> parameter. cgroup monitoring is available only for system-wide "
2543 "events and may therefore require extra permissions."
2547 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:188
2549 "The I<perf_event_attr> structure provides detailed configuration information "
2550 "for the event being created."
2554 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:195
2557 "struct perf_event_attr {\n"
2558 " __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
2559 " __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
2560 " __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
2562 "struct perf_event_attr {\n"
2563 " __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
2564 " __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
2565 " __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
2568 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:200
2572 " __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
2573 " __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
2577 " __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
2578 " __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
2582 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:203
2585 " __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
2586 " __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
2588 " __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
2589 " __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
2592 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:231
2595 " __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
2596 " inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
2597 " pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
2598 " exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
2599 " exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
2600 " exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
2601 " exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
2602 " exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
2603 " mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
2604 " comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
2605 " freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
2606 " inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
2607 " enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
2608 " task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
2609 " watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
2610 " precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
2611 " mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
2612 " sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
2613 " exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
2614 " exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
2615 " exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
2616 " /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
2617 " exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
2618 " /* exclude user callchains */\n"
2619 " mmap2 : 1, /* include mmap with inode data */\n"
2620 " comm_exec : 1, /* flag comm events that are due to exec */\n"
2621 " __reserved_1 : 39;\n"
2623 " __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
2624 " inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
2625 " pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
2626 " exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
2627 " exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
2628 " exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
2629 " exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
2630 " exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
2631 " mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
2632 " comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
2633 " freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
2634 " inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
2635 " enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
2636 " task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
2637 " watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
2638 " precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
2639 " mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
2640 " sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
2641 " exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
2642 " exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
2643 " exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
2644 " /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
2645 " exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
2646 " /* exclude user callchains */\n"
2647 " mmap2 : 1, /* include mmap with inode data */\n"
2648 " comm_exec : 1, /* flag comm events that are due to exec */\n"
2649 " __reserved_1 : 39;\n"
2652 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:236
2656 " __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
2657 " __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
2661 " __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
2662 " __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
2666 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:238
2668 msgid " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
2669 msgstr " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
2672 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:243
2676 " __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
2677 " __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
2681 " __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
2682 " __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
2686 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:253
2690 " __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
2691 " __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
2693 " __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
2694 " __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
2695 " __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
2697 " __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
2700 " __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
2701 " __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
2703 " __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
2704 " __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
2705 " __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
2707 " __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
2710 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:255
2716 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:261
2718 "The fields of the I<perf_event_attr> structure are described in more detail "
2723 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:261 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1601
2729 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:265
2731 "This field specifies the overall event type. It has one of the following "
2736 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:266
2738 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
2739 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
2742 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
2744 "This indicates one of the \"generalized\" hardware events provided by the "
2745 "kernel. See the I<config> field definition for more details."
2749 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
2751 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
2752 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
2755 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:277
2757 "This indicates one of the software-defined events provided by the kernel "
2758 "(even if no hardware support is available)."
2762 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:277
2764 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2765 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2768 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:281
2770 "This indicates a tracepoint provided by the kernel tracepoint infrastructure."
2774 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:281
2776 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
2777 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
2780 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
2782 "This indicates a hardware cache event. This has a special encoding, "
2783 "described in the I<config> field definition."
2787 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
2789 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
2790 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
2793 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:291
2795 "This indicates a \"raw\" implementation-specific event in the I<config> "
2800 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:291
2802 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
2803 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
2806 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
2808 "This indicates a hardware breakpoint as provided by the CPU. Breakpoints "
2809 "can be read/write accesses to an address as well as execution of an "
2810 "instruction address."
2814 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
2820 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:315
2822 "Since Linux 2.6.39, B<perf_event_open>() can support multiple PMUs. To "
2823 "enable this, a value exported by the kernel can be used in the I<type> field "
2824 "to indicate which PMU to use. The value to use can be found in the sysfs "
2825 "filesystem: there is a subdirectory per PMU instance under I</sys/bus/"
2826 "event_source/devices>. In each subdirectory there is a I<type> file whose "
2827 "content is an integer that can be used in the I<type> field. For instance, "
2828 "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/type> contains the value for the core "
2829 "CPU PMU, which is usually 4."
2833 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:316 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1538
2839 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:325
2841 "The size of the I<perf_event_attr> structure for forward/backward "
2842 "compatibility. Set this using I<sizeof(struct perf_event_attr)> to allow "
2843 "the kernel to see the struct size at the time of compilation."
2847 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:340
2849 "The related define B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0> is set to 64; this was the size of "
2850 "the first published struct. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER1> is 72, corresponding to "
2851 "the addition of breakpoints in Linux 2.6.33. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2> is 80 "
2852 "corresponding to the addition of branch sampling in Linux 3.4. "
2853 "B<PERF_ATR_SIZE_VER3> is 96 corresponding to the addition of "
2854 "I<sample_regs_user> and I<sample_stack_user> in Linux 3.7."
2858 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:340
2864 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:351
2866 "This specifies which event you want, in conjunction with the I<type> field. "
2867 "The I<config1> and I<config2> fields are also taken into account in cases "
2868 "where 64 bits is not enough to fully specify the event. The encoding of "
2869 "these fields are event dependent."
2873 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:357
2875 "The most significant bit (bit 63) of I<config> signifies CPU-specific (raw) "
2876 "counter configuration data; if the most significant bit is unset, the next 7 "
2877 "bits are an event type and the rest of the bits are the event identifier."
2881 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:368
2883 "There are various ways to set the I<config> field that are dependent on the "
2884 "value of the previously described I<type> field. What follows are various "
2885 "possible settings for I<config> separated out by I<type>."
2889 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:378
2891 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>, we are measuring one of the generalized "
2892 "hardware CPU events. Not all of these are available on all platforms. Set "
2893 "I<config> to one of the following:"
2897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:379
2899 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
2900 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
2903 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
2904 msgid "Total cycles. Be wary of what happens during CPU frequency scaling."
2908 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
2910 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2911 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2914 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
2916 "Retired instructions. Be careful, these can be affected by various issues, "
2917 "most notably hardware interrupt counts."
2921 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
2923 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
2924 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
2927 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2929 "Cache accesses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache accesses but this "
2930 "may vary depending on your CPU. This may include prefetches and coherency "
2931 "messages; again this depends on the design of your CPU."
2935 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2937 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
2938 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
2941 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
2943 "Cache misses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache misses; this is "
2944 "intended to be used in conjunction with the "
2945 "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES> event to calculate cache miss rates."
2949 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
2951 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2952 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2955 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
2957 "Retired branch instructions. Prior to Linux 2.6.34, this used the wrong "
2958 "event on AMD processors."
2962 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
2964 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
2965 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
2968 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2969 msgid "Mispredicted branch instructions."
2973 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2975 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
2976 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
2979 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2980 msgid "Bus cycles, which can be different from total cycles."
2984 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2986 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (since Linux 3.0)"
2987 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
2990 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2991 msgid "Stalled cycles during issue."
2995 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2997 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (since Linux 3.0)"
2998 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
3001 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
3002 msgid "Stalled cycles during retirement."
3006 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
3008 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (since Linux 3.3)"
3009 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (Linux 3.3 以降)"
3012 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:422
3013 msgid "Total cycles; not affected by CPU frequency scaling."
3017 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:432
3019 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>, we are measuring software events "
3020 "provided by the kernel. Set I<config> to one of the following:"
3024 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:433
3026 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
3027 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
3030 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:436
3031 msgid "This reports the CPU clock, a high-resolution per-CPU timer."
3035 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:436
3037 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
3038 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
3041 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
3042 msgid "This reports a clock count specific to the task that is running."
3046 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
3048 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
3049 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
3052 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
3053 msgid "This reports the number of page faults."
3057 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
3059 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
3060 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
3063 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
3065 "This counts context switches. Until Linux 2.6.34, these were all reported "
3066 "as user-space events, after that they are reported as happening in the "
3071 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
3073 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
3074 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
3077 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:451
3078 msgid "This reports the number of times the process has migrated to a new CPU."
3082 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:451
3084 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
3085 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
3088 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:455
3090 "This counts the number of minor page faults. These did not require disk I/O "
3095 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:455
3097 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
3098 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
3101 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
3103 "This counts the number of major page faults. These required disk I/O to "
3108 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
3110 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
3111 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3114 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:465
3116 "This counts the number of alignment faults. These happen when unaligned "
3117 "memory accesses happen; the kernel can handle these but it reduces "
3118 "performance. This happens only on some architectures (never on x86)."
3122 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:465
3124 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
3125 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3128 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:471
3130 "This counts the number of emulation faults. The kernel sometimes traps on "
3131 "unimplemented instructions and emulates them for user space. This can "
3132 "negatively impact performance."
3136 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:471
3138 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY> (since Linux 3.12)"
3139 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
3142 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:478
3144 "This is a placeholder event that counts nothing. Informational sample "
3145 "record types such as mmap or comm must be associated with an active event. "
3146 "This dummy event allows gathering such records without requiring a counting "
3151 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:491
3153 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>, then we are measuring kernel "
3154 "tracepoints. The value to use in I<config> can be obtained from under "
3155 "debugfs I<tracing/events/*/*/id> if ftrace is enabled in the kernel."
3159 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:502
3161 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>, then we are measuring a hardware CPU "
3162 "cache event. To calculate the appropriate I<config> value use the following "
3167 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:507
3170 " (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
3171 " (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
3173 " (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
3174 " (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
3177 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:512
3178 msgid "where I<perf_hw_cache_id> is one of:"
3182 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:513
3184 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
3185 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
3188 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:516
3189 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Data Cache"
3193 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:516
3195 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
3196 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
3199 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:519
3200 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Instruction Cache"
3204 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:519
3206 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
3207 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
3210 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:522
3211 msgid "for measuring Last-Level Cache"
3215 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:522
3217 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
3218 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
3221 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:525
3222 msgid "for measuring the Data TLB"
3226 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:525
3228 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
3229 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
3232 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:528
3233 msgid "for measuring the Instruction TLB"
3237 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:528
3239 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
3240 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
3243 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:531
3244 msgid "for measuring the branch prediction unit"
3248 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:531
3250 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (since Linux 3.0)"
3251 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
3254 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:534
3255 msgid "for measuring local memory accesses"
3259 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:539
3260 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_id> is one of"
3264 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:540
3266 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
3267 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
3270 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:543
3271 msgid "for read accesses"
3275 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:543
3277 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
3278 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
3281 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:546
3282 msgid "for write accesses"
3286 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:546
3288 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
3289 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
3292 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:549
3293 msgid "for prefetch accesses"
3297 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:554
3298 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_result_id> is one of"
3302 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:555
3304 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
3305 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
3308 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:558
3309 msgid "to measure accesses"
3313 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:558
3315 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
3316 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
3319 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:561
3320 msgid "to measure misses"
3324 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:579
3326 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>, then a custom \"raw\" I<config> value is "
3327 "needed. Most CPUs support events that are not covered by the \"generalized"
3328 "\" events. These are implementation defined; see your CPU manual (for "
3329 "example the Intel Volume 3B documentation or the AMD BIOS and Kernel "
3330 "Developer Guide). The libpfm4 library can be used to translate from the "
3331 "name in the architectural manuals to the raw hex value B<perf_event_open>() "
3332 "expects in this field."
3336 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:588
3338 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>, then leave I<config> set to zero. "
3339 "Its parameters are set in other places."
3343 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:589
3345 msgid "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
3346 msgstr "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
3349 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:601
3351 "A \"sampling\" counter is one that generates an interrupt every N events, "
3352 "where N is given by I<sample_period>. A sampling counter has "
3353 "I<sample_period> E<gt> 0. When an overflow interrupt occurs, requested data "
3354 "is recorded in the mmap buffer. The I<sample_type> field controls what data "
3355 "is recorded on each interrupt."
3359 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:611
3361 "I<sample_freq> can be used if you wish to use frequency rather than period. "
3362 "In this case, you set the I<freq> flag. The kernel will adjust the sampling "
3363 "period to try and achieve the desired rate. The rate of adjustment is a "
3368 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:611
3370 msgid "I<sample_type>"
3371 msgstr "I<sample_type>"
3374 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:623
3376 "The various bits in this field specify which values to include in the "
3377 "sample. They will be recorded in a ring-buffer, which is available to user "
3378 "space using B<mmap>(2). The order in which the values are saved in the "
3379 "sample are documented in the MMAP Layout subsection below; it is not the "
3380 "I<enum perf_event_sample_format> order."
3384 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:624
3386 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
3387 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
3390 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:627
3391 msgid "Records instruction pointer."
3395 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:627
3397 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
3398 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
3401 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:630
3402 msgid "Records the process and thread IDs."
3406 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:630
3408 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
3409 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
3412 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:633
3413 msgid "Records a timestamp."
3417 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:633
3419 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
3420 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
3423 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:636
3424 msgid "Records an address, if applicable."
3428 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:636
3430 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
3431 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
3434 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:639
3436 "Record counter values for all events in a group, not just the group leader."
3440 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:639
3442 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
3443 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
3446 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:642
3447 msgid "Records the callchain (stack backtrace)."
3451 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:642
3453 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
3454 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
3457 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:645
3458 msgid "Records a unique ID for the opened event's group leader."
3462 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:645
3464 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
3465 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
3468 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:648
3469 msgid "Records CPU number."
3473 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:648
3475 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
3476 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
3479 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
3480 msgid "Records the current sampling period."
3484 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
3486 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
3487 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
3490 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:659
3492 "Records a unique ID for the opened event. Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the "
3493 "actual ID is returned, not the group leader. This ID is the same as the one "
3494 "returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
3498 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:659
3500 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
3501 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
3504 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:663
3506 "Records additional data, if applicable. Usually returned by tracepoint "
3511 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:663
3513 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (since Linux 3.4)"
3514 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
3517 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:668
3519 "This provides a record of recent branches, as provided by CPU branch "
3520 "sampling hardware (such as Intel Last Branch Record). Not all hardware "
3521 "supports this feature."
3525 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:672
3527 "See the I<branch_sample_type> field for how to filter which branches are "
3532 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:672
3534 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (since Linux 3.7)"
3535 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
3538 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:676
3540 "Records the current user-level CPU register state (the values in the process "
3541 "before the kernel was called)."
3545 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:676
3547 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (since Linux 3.7)"
3548 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
3551 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:679
3552 msgid "Records the user level stack, allowing stack unwinding."
3556 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:679
3558 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (since Linux 3.10)"
3559 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3562 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:685
3564 "Records a hardware provided weight value that expresses how costly the "
3565 "sampled event was. This allows the hardware to highlight expensive events "
3570 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:685
3572 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (since Linux 3.10)"
3573 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3576 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:691
3578 "Records the data source: where in the memory hierarchy the data associated "
3579 "with the sampled instruction came from. This is only available if the "
3580 "underlying hardware supports this feature."
3584 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:691
3586 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> (since Linux 3.12)"
3587 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
3590 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:698
3592 "Places the B<SAMPLE_ID> value in a fixed position in the record, either at "
3593 "the beginning (for sample events) or at the end (if a non-sample event)."
3597 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:710
3599 "This was necessary because a sample stream may have records from various "
3600 "different event sources with different I<sample_type> settings. Parsing the "
3601 "event stream properly was not possible because the format of the record was "
3602 "needed to find B<SAMPLE_ID>, but the format could not be found without "
3603 "knowing what event the sample belonged to (causing a circular dependency)."
3607 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:720
3609 "This new B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> setting makes the event stream always "
3610 "parsable by putting B<SAMPLE_ID> in a fixed location, even though it means "
3611 "having duplicate B<SAMPLE_ID> values in records."
3615 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:720
3617 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> (Since Linux 3.13)"
3618 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> (Linux 3.13 以降)"
3621 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:724
3623 "Records reasons for transactional memory abort events (for example, from "
3624 "Intel TSX transactional memory support)."
3628 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:732
3630 "The I<precise_ip> setting must be greater than 0 and a transactional memory "
3631 "abort event must be measured or no values will be recorded. Also note that "
3632 "some perf_event measurements, such as sampled cycle counting, may cause "
3633 "extraneous aborts (by causing an interrupt during a transaction)."
3637 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:733
3639 msgid "I<read_format>"
3640 msgstr "I<read_format>"
3643 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:740
3645 "This field specifies the format of the data returned by B<read>(2) on a "
3646 "B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor."
3650 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:741
3652 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
3653 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
3656 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:748
3658 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_enabled> field. This can be used to calculate "
3659 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3663 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:748
3665 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
3666 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
3669 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:755
3671 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_running> field. This can be used to calculate "
3672 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3676 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:755
3678 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
3679 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
3682 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:758
3683 msgid "Adds a 64-bit unique value that corresponds to the event group."
3687 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:758
3689 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
3690 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
3693 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:761
3694 msgid "Allows all counter values in an event group to be read with one read."
3698 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:762
3701 msgstr "I<disabled>"
3704 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:772
3706 "The I<disabled> bit specifies whether the counter starts out disabled or "
3707 "enabled. If disabled, the event can later be enabled by B<ioctl>(2), "
3708 "B<prctl>(2), or I<enable_on_exec>."
3712 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:783
3714 "When creating an event group, typically the group leader is initialized with "
3715 "I<disabled> set to 1 and any child events are initialized with I<disabled> "
3716 "set to 0. Despite I<disabled> being 0, the child events will not start "
3717 "until the group leader is enabled."
3721 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:783
3727 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:792
3729 "The I<inherit> bit specifies that this counter should count events of child "
3730 "tasks as well as the task specified. This applies only to new children, not "
3731 "to any existing children at the time the counter is created (nor to any new "
3732 "children of existing children)."
3736 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:797
3738 "Inherit does not work for some combinations of I<read_format>s, such as "
3739 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>."
3743 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:797
3749 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:810
3751 "The I<pinned> bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if "
3752 "at all possible. It applies only to hardware counters and only to group "
3753 "leaders. If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because "
3754 "there are not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some "
3755 "other event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads "
3756 "return end-of-file (i.e., B<read>(2) returns 0) until the counter is "
3757 "subsequently enabled or disabled."
3761 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:810
3763 msgid "I<exclusive>"
3764 msgstr "I<exclusive>"
3767 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:819
3769 "The I<exclusive> bit specifies that when this counter's group is on the CPU, "
3770 "it should be the only group using the CPU's counters. In the future this "
3771 "may allow monitoring programs to support PMU features that need to run alone "
3772 "so that they do not disrupt other hardware counters."
3776 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:826
3778 "Note that many unexpected situations may prevent events with the "
3779 "I<exclusive> bit set from ever running. This includes any users running a "
3780 "system-wide measurement as well as any kernel use of the performance "
3781 "counters (including the commonly enabled NMI Watchdog Timer interface)."
3785 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:826
3787 msgid "I<exclude_user>"
3788 msgstr "I<exclude_user>"
3791 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:829
3793 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in user space."
3797 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:829
3799 msgid "I<exclude_kernel>"
3800 msgstr "I<exclude_kernel>"
3803 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:832
3805 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in kernel-space."
3809 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:832
3811 msgid "I<exclude_hv>"
3812 msgstr "I<exclude_hv>"
3815 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:840
3817 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in the "
3818 "hypervisor. This is mainly for PMUs that have built-in support for handling "
3819 "this (such as POWER). Extra support is needed for handling hypervisor "
3820 "measurements on most machines."
3824 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:840
3826 msgid "I<exclude_idle>"
3827 msgstr "I<exclude_idle>"
3830 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:843
3831 msgid "If set, don't count when the CPU is idle."
3835 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:843
3841 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:857
3843 "The I<mmap> bit enables generation of B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> samples for every "
3844 "B<mmap>(2) call that has B<PROT_EXEC> set. This allows tools to notice new "
3845 "executable code being mapped into a program (dynamic shared libraries for "
3846 "example) so that addresses can be mapped back to the original code."
3850 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:857 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1693
3856 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:875
3858 "The I<comm> bit enables tracking of process command name as modified by the "
3859 "B<exec>(2) and B<prctl>(PR_SET_NAME) system calls as well as writing to I</"
3860 "proc/self/comm>. If the I<comm_exec> flag is also successfully set "
3861 "(possible since Linux 3.16), then the misc flag "
3862 "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC> can be used to differentiate the B<exec>(2) "
3863 "case from the others."
3867 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:875
3873 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:882
3875 "If this bit is set, then I<sample_frequency> not I<sample_period> is used "
3876 "when setting up the sampling interval."
3880 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:882
3882 msgid "I<inherit_stat>"
3883 msgstr "I<inherit_stat>"
3886 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:889
3888 "This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for inherited "
3889 "tasks. This is meaningful only if the I<inherit> field is set."
3893 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:889
3895 msgid "I<enable_on_exec>"
3896 msgstr "I<enable_on_exec>"
3899 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:894
3901 "If this bit is set, a counter is automatically enabled after a call to "
3906 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:894
3912 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:898
3914 "If this bit is set, then fork/exit notifications are included in the ring "
3919 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:898
3921 msgid "I<watermark>"
3922 msgstr "I<watermark>"
3925 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:906
3927 "If set, have a sampling interrupt happen when we cross the "
3928 "I<wakeup_watermark> boundary. Otherwise, interrupts happen after "
3929 "I<wakeup_events> samples."
3933 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:906
3935 msgid "I<precise_ip> (since Linux 2.6.35)"
3936 msgstr "I<precise_ip> (Linux 2.6.35 以降)"
3939 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:916
3941 "This controls the amount of skid. Skid is how many instructions execute "
3942 "between an event of interest happening and the kernel being able to stop and "
3943 "record the event. Smaller skid is better and allows more accurate reporting "
3944 "of which events correspond to which instructions, but hardware is often "
3945 "limited with how small this can be."
3949 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:918
3950 msgid "The values of this are the following:"
3954 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:919
3960 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:923
3961 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> can have arbitrary skid."
3965 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:923
3971 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:927
3972 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have constant skid."
3976 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:927
3982 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:931
3983 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> requested to have 0 skid."
3987 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:931
3993 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:937
3994 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have 0 skid. See also B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>."
3998 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:938
4000 msgid "I<mmap_data> (since Linux 2.6.36)"
4001 msgstr "I<mmap_data> (Linux 2.6.36 以降)"
4004 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:950
4006 "The counterpart of the I<mmap> field. This enables generation of "
4007 "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> samples for B<mmap>(2) calls that do not have "
4008 "B<PROT_EXEC> set (for example data and SysV shared memory)."
4012 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:950
4014 msgid "I<sample_id_all> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
4015 msgstr "I<sample_id_all> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
4018 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:958
4020 "If set, then TID, TIME, ID, STREAM_ID, and CPU can additionally be included "
4021 "in non-B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>s if the corresponding I<sample_type> is "
4026 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:966
4028 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> is specified, then an additional ID value is "
4029 "included as the last value to ease parsing the record stream. This may lead "
4030 "to the I<id> value appearing twice."
4034 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:968
4035 msgid "The layout is described by this pseudo-structure:"
4039 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:978
4042 "struct sample_id {\n"
4043 " { u32 pid, tid; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID set */\n"
4044 " { u64 time; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME set */\n"
4045 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID set */\n"
4046 " { u64 stream_id;} /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID set */\n"
4047 " { u32 cpu, res; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU set */\n"
4048 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER set */\n"
4051 "struct sample_id {\n"
4052 " { u32 pid, tid; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID set */\n"
4053 " { u64 time; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME set */\n"
4054 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID set */\n"
4055 " { u64 stream_id;} /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID set */\n"
4056 " { u32 cpu, res; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU set */\n"
4057 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER set */\n"
4061 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:979
4063 msgid "I<exclude_host> (since Linux 3.2)"
4064 msgstr "I<exclude_host> (Linux 3.2 以降)"
4067 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:982
4068 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM host."
4072 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:982
4074 msgid "I<exclude_guest> (since Linux 3.2)"
4075 msgstr "I<exclude_guest> (Linux 3.2 以降)"
4078 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:985
4079 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM guest."
4083 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:985
4085 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (since Linux 3.7)"
4086 msgstr "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4089 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:988
4090 msgid "Do not include kernel callchains."
4094 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:988
4096 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4097 msgstr "I<exclude_callchain_user> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4100 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:991
4101 msgid "Do not include user callchains."
4105 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:991
4107 msgid "I<mmap2> (since Linux 3.16)"
4108 msgstr "I<mmap2> (Linux 3.16 以降)"
4111 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:998
4113 "Generate an extended executable mmap record that contains enough additional "
4114 "information to uniquely identify shared mappings. The I<mmap> flag must "
4115 "also be set for this to work."
4119 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:998
4121 msgid "I<comm_exec> (since Linux 3.16)"
4122 msgstr "I<comm_exec> (Linux 3.16 以降)"
4125 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1013
4127 "This is purely a feature-detection flag, it does not change kernel "
4128 "behavior. If this flag can successfully be set, then, when I<comm> is "
4129 "enabled, the B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC> flag will be set in the I<misc> "
4130 "field of a comm record header if the rename event being reported was caused "
4131 "by a call to B<exec>(2). This allows tools to distinguish between the "
4132 "various types of process renaming."
4136 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1013
4138 msgid "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
4139 msgstr "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
4142 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1023
4144 "This union sets how many samples (I<wakeup_events>) or bytes "
4145 "(I<wakeup_watermark>) happen before an overflow signal happens. Which one "
4146 "is used is selected by the I<watermark> bit flag."
4150 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1033
4152 "I<wakeup_events> only counts B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> record types. To receive "
4153 "a signal for every incoming B<PERF_RECORD> type set I<wakeup_watermark> to 1."
4157 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1033
4159 msgid "I<bp_type> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4160 msgstr "I<bp_type> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4163 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1037
4164 msgid "This chooses the breakpoint type. It is one of:"
4168 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1038
4170 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
4171 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
4174 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1041
4175 msgid "No breakpoint."
4179 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1041
4181 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
4182 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
4185 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1044
4186 msgid "Count when we read the memory location."
4190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1044
4192 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
4193 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
4196 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1047
4197 msgid "Count when we write the memory location."
4201 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1047
4203 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
4204 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
4207 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1050
4208 msgid "Count when we read or write the memory location."
4212 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1050
4214 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
4215 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
4218 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1053
4219 msgid "Count when we execute code at the memory location."
4223 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1062
4225 "The values can be combined via a bitwise or, but the combination of "
4226 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R> or B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W> with B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X> is not "
4231 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1063
4233 msgid "I<bp_addr> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4234 msgstr "I<bp_addr> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4237 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1070
4239 "I<bp_addr> address of the breakpoint. For execution breakpoints this is the "
4240 "memory address of the instruction of interest; for read and write "
4241 "breakpoints it is the memory address of the memory location of interest."
4245 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1070
4247 msgid "I<config1> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
4248 msgstr "I<config1> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)"
4251 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1077
4253 "I<config1> is used for setting events that need an extra register or "
4254 "otherwise do not fit in the regular config field. Raw OFFCORE_EVENTS on "
4255 "Nehalem/Westmere/SandyBridge use this field on 3.3 and later kernels."
4259 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1077
4261 msgid "I<bp_len> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4262 msgstr "I<bp_len> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4265 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1091
4267 "I<bp_len> is the length of the breakpoint being measured if I<type> is "
4268 "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>. Options are B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1>, "
4269 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_8>. For "
4270 "an execution breakpoint, set this to I<sizeof(long)>."
4274 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1091
4276 msgid "I<config2> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
4277 msgstr "I<config2> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)"
4280 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1098
4281 msgid "I<config2> is a further extension of the I<config1> field."
4285 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1098
4287 msgid "I<branch_sample_type> (since Linux 3.4)"
4288 msgstr "I<branch_sample_type> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
4291 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1104
4293 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then this specifies what branches "
4294 "to include in the branch record."
4298 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1110
4300 "The first part of the value is the privilege level, which is a combination "
4301 "of one of the following values. If the user does not set privilege level "
4302 "explicitly, the kernel will use the event's privilege level. Event and "
4303 "branch privilege levels do not have to match."
4307 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1111
4309 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER>"
4313 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1114
4314 msgid "Branch target is in user space."
4318 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1114
4320 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL>"
4324 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1117
4325 msgid "Branch target is in kernel space."
4329 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1117
4331 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV>"
4335 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1120
4336 msgid "Branch target is in hypervisor."
4340 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1120
4342 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_PLM_ALL>"
4346 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1123
4347 msgid "A convenience value that is the three preceding values ORed together."
4351 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1127
4353 "In addition to the privilege value, at least one or more of the following "
4358 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1128
4360 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY>"
4364 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1131
4365 msgid "Any branch type."
4369 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1131
4371 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL>"
4375 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
4376 msgid "Any call branch."
4380 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
4382 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN>"
4386 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1137
4387 msgid "Any return branch."
4391 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1137
4393 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL>"
4397 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1140
4398 msgid "Indirect calls."
4402 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1140
4404 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND> (since Linux 3.16)"
4405 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND> (Linux 3.16 以降)"
4408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1143
4409 msgid "Conditional branches."
4413 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1143
4415 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ABORT_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4416 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ABORT_TX> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
4419 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1146
4420 msgid "Transactional memory aborts."
4424 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1146
4426 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IN_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4427 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IN_TX> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
4430 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1149
4431 msgid "Branch in transactional memory transaction."
4435 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1149
4437 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4438 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_TX> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
4441 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1152
4442 msgid "Branch not in transactional memory transaction."
4446 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1154
4448 msgid "I<sample_regs_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4449 msgstr "I<sample_regs_user> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4452 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1160
4454 "This bit mask defines the set of user CPU registers to dump on samples. The "
4455 "layout of the register mask is architecture-specific and described in the "
4456 "kernel header I<arch/ARCH/include/uapi/asm/perf_regs.h>."
4460 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1160
4462 msgid "I<sample_stack_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4463 msgstr "I<sample_stack_user> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4466 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1165
4468 "This defines the size of the user stack to dump if B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> "
4473 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1165
4475 msgid "Reading results"
4479 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1175
4481 "Once a B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor has been opened, the values of "
4482 "the events can be read from the file descriptor. The values that are there "
4483 "are specified by the I<read_format> field in the I<attr> structure at open "
4488 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1180
4490 "If you attempt to read into a buffer that is not big enough to hold the data "
4491 "B<ENOSPC> is returned"
4495 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1182
4496 msgid "Here is the layout of the data returned by a read:"
4500 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1182 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1200
4501 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1691 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1701
4502 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1709 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1715
4503 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1844 build/C/man2/splice.2:55
4504 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:61 build/C/man2/splice.2:70
4510 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1186
4512 "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified to allow reading all events in a group "
4517 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1198
4520 "struct read_format {\n"
4521 " u64 nr; /* The number of events */\n"
4522 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4523 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4525 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4526 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4532 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1206
4533 msgid "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was I<not> specified:"
4537 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1215
4540 "struct read_format {\n"
4541 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4542 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4543 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4544 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4549 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1219
4550 msgid "The values read are as follows:"
4554 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1219
4560 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1225
4562 "The number of events in this file descriptor. Only available if "
4563 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified."
4567 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1225
4569 msgid "I<time_enabled>, I<time_running>"
4573 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1237
4575 "Total time the event was enabled and running. Normally these are the same. "
4576 "If more events are started, then available counter slots on the PMU, then "
4577 "multiplexing happens and events run only part of the time. In that case, "
4578 "the I<time_enabled> and I<time running> values can be used to scale an "
4579 "estimated value for the count."
4583 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1237
4589 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1240
4590 msgid "An unsigned 64-bit value containing the counter result."
4594 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1240 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1664
4595 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1830
4601 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1246
4603 "A globally unique value for this particular event, only there if "
4604 "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID> was specified in I<read_format>."
4608 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1246
4614 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1256
4616 "When using B<perf_event_open>() in sampled mode, asynchronous events (like "
4617 "counter overflow or B<PROT_EXEC> mmap tracking) are logged into a ring-"
4618 "buffer. This ring-buffer is created and accessed through B<mmap>(2)."
4622 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1262
4624 "The mmap size should be 1+2^n pages, where the first page is a metadata page "
4625 "(I<struct perf_event_mmap_page>) that contains various bits of information "
4626 "such as where the ring-buffer head is."
4630 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1265
4632 "Before kernel 2.6.39, there is a bug that means you must allocate a mmap "
4633 "ring buffer when sampling even if you do not plan to access it."
4637 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1267
4638 msgid "The structure of the first metadata mmap page is as follows:"
4642 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1296
4645 "struct perf_event_mmap_page {\n"
4646 " __u32 version; /* version number of this structure */\n"
4647 " __u32 compat_version; /* lowest version this is compat with */\n"
4648 " __u32 lock; /* seqlock for synchronization */\n"
4649 " __u32 index; /* hardware counter identifier */\n"
4650 " __s64 offset; /* add to hardware counter value */\n"
4651 " __u64 time_enabled; /* time event active */\n"
4652 " __u64 time_running; /* time event on CPU */\n"
4654 " __u64 capabilities;\n"
4656 " __u64 cap_usr_time / cap_usr_rdpmc / cap_bit0 : 1,\n"
4657 " cap_bit0_is_deprecated : 1,\n"
4658 " cap_user_rdpmc : 1,\n"
4659 " cap_user_time : 1,\n"
4660 " cap_user_time_zero : 1,\n"
4663 " __u16 pmc_width;\n"
4664 " __u16 time_shift;\n"
4665 " __u32 time_mult;\n"
4666 " __u64 time_offset;\n"
4667 " __u64 __reserved[120]; /* Pad to 1k */\n"
4668 " __u64 data_head; /* head in the data section */\n"
4669 " __u64 data_tail; /* user-space written tail */\n"
4674 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1302
4676 "The following list describes the fields in the I<perf_event_mmap_page> "
4677 "structure in more detail:"
4681 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1302
4687 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1305
4688 msgid "Version number of this structure."
4692 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1305
4694 msgid "I<compat_version>"
4698 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1308
4699 msgid "The lowest version this is compatible with."
4703 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1308
4709 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1311
4710 msgid "A seqlock for synchronization."
4714 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1311
4720 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1314
4721 msgid "A unique hardware counter identifier."
4725 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1314
4731 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1319
4733 "When using rdpmc for reads this offset value must be added to the one "
4734 "returned by rdpmc to get the current total event count."
4738 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1319
4740 msgid "I<time_enabled>"
4744 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1322
4745 msgid "Time the event was active."
4749 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1322
4751 msgid "I<time_running>"
4755 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1325
4756 msgid "Time the event was running."
4760 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1325
4762 msgid "I<cap_usr_time> / I<cap_usr_rdpmc> / I<cap_bit0> (since Linux 3.4)"
4766 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1338
4768 "There was a bug in the definition of I<cap_usr_time> and I<cap_usr_rdpmc> "
4769 "from Linux 3.4 until Linux 3.11. Both bits were defined to point to the "
4770 "same location, so it was impossible to know if I<cap_usr_time> or "
4771 "I<cap_usr_rdpmc> were actually set."
4775 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1346
4777 "Starting with 3.12 these are renamed to I<cap_bit0> and you should use the "
4778 "new I<cap_user_time> and I<cap_user_rdpmc> fields instead."
4782 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1347
4784 msgid "I<cap_bit0_is_deprecated> (since Linux 3.12)"
4785 msgstr "I<cap_bit0_is_deprecated> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
4788 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1355
4790 "If set, this bit indicates that the kernel supports the properly separated "
4791 "I<cap_user_time> and I<cap_user_rdpmc> bits."
4795 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1362
4797 "If not-set, it indicates an older kernel where I<cap_usr_time> and "
4798 "I<cap_usr_rdpmc> map to the same bit and thus both features should be used "
4803 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1363
4805 msgid "I<cap_user_rdpmc> (since Linux 3.12)"
4806 msgstr "I<cap_user_rdpmc> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
4809 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1368
4811 "If the hardware supports user-space read of performance counters without "
4812 "syscall (this is the \"rdpmc\" instruction on x86), then the following code "
4813 "can be used to do a read:"
4817 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1374
4820 "u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
4821 "u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
4822 "u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
4824 "u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
4825 "u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
4826 "u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
4829 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1380
4833 " seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
4835 " enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
4836 " running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
4839 " seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
4841 " enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
4842 " running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
4845 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1387
4848 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
4850 " time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
4851 " time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
4852 " time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
4855 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
4857 " time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
4858 " time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
4859 " time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
4863 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1390
4866 " idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
4867 " count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
4869 " idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
4870 " count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
4873 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1395
4876 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
4877 " width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
4878 " count += rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
4881 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
4882 " width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
4883 " count += rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
4887 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1398
4891 "} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
4894 "} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
4897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1400
4899 msgid "I<cap_user_time (since Linux 3.12)>"
4900 msgstr "I<cap_user_time (Linux 3.12 以降)>"
4903 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1404
4905 "This bit indicates the hardware has a constant, nonstop timestamp counter "
4910 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1404
4912 msgid "I<cap_user_time_zero> (since Linux 3.12)"
4913 msgstr "I<cap_user_time_zero> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
4916 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1410
4918 "Indicates the presence of I<time_zero> which allows mapping timestamp values "
4919 "to the hardware clock."
4923 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1410
4925 msgid "I<pmc_width>"
4926 msgstr "I<pmc_width>"
4929 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1417
4931 "If I<cap_usr_rdpmc>, this field provides the bit-width of the value read "
4932 "using the rdpmc or equivalent instruction. This can be used to sign extend "
4937 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1423
4940 "pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
4941 "pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
4944 "pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
4945 "pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
4949 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1425
4951 msgid "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
4952 msgstr "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
4955 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1432
4957 "If I<cap_usr_time>, these fields can be used to compute the time delta since "
4958 "time_enabled (in nanoseconds) using rdtsc or similar."
4962 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1440
4967 " quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4968 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
4969 " delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
4970 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4974 " quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4975 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
4976 " delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
4977 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4980 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1452
4982 "Where I<time_offset>, I<time_mult>, I<time_shift>, and I<cyc> are read in "
4983 "the seqcount loop described above. This delta can then be added to enabled "
4984 "and possible running (if idx), improving the scaling:"
4988 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1460
4991 " enabled += delta;\n"
4993 " running += delta;\n"
4994 " quot = count / running;\n"
4995 " rem = count % running;\n"
4996 " count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
4998 " enabled += delta;\n"
5000 " running += delta;\n"
5001 " quot = count / running;\n"
5002 " rem = count % running;\n"
5003 " count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
5006 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1461
5008 msgid "I<time_zero> (since Linux 3.12)"
5009 msgstr "I<time_zero> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
5012 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1469
5014 "If I<cap_usr_time_zero> is set, then the hardware clock (the TSC timestamp "
5015 "counter on x86) can be calculated from the I<time_zero>, I<time_mult>, and "
5016 "I<time_shift> values:"
5020 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1475
5023 " time = timestamp - time_zero;\n"
5024 " quot = time / time_mult;\n"
5025 " rem = time % time_mult;\n"
5026 " cyc = (quot E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) + (rem E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) / time_mult;\n"
5028 " time = timestamp - time_zero;\n"
5029 " quot = time / time_mult;\n"
5030 " rem = time % time_mult;\n"
5031 " cyc = (quot E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) + (rem E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) / time_mult;\n"
5034 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1478
5035 msgid "And vice versa:"
5039 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1484
5042 " quot = cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift;\n"
5043 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
5044 " timestamp = time_zero + quot * time_mult +\n"
5045 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
5047 " quot = cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift;\n"
5048 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
5049 " timestamp = time_zero + quot * time_mult +\n"
5050 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
5053 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1485
5055 msgid "I<data_head>"
5056 msgstr "I<data_head>"
5059 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1491
5061 "This points to the head of the data section. The value continuously "
5062 "increases, it does not wrap. The value needs to be manually wrapped by the "
5063 "size of the mmap buffer before accessing the samples."
5067 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1496
5069 "On SMP-capable platforms, after reading the I<data_head> value, user space "
5070 "should issue an rmb()."
5074 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1496
5076 msgid "I<data_tail>"
5077 msgstr "I<data_tail>"
5080 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1504
5082 "When the mapping is B<PROT_WRITE>, the I<data_tail> value should be written "
5083 "by user space to reflect the last read data. In this case, the kernel will "
5084 "not overwrite unread data."
5088 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1506
5089 msgid "The following 2^n ring-buffer pages have the layout described below."
5093 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1520
5095 "If I<perf_event_attr.sample_id_all> is set, then all event types will have "
5096 "the sample_type selected fields related to where/when (identity) an event "
5097 "took place (TID, TIME, ID, CPU, STREAM_ID) described in "
5098 "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> below, it will be stashed just after the "
5099 "I<perf_event_header> and the fields already present for the existing fields, "
5100 "that is, at the end of the payload. That way a newer perf.data file will be "
5101 "supported by older perf tools, with these new optional fields being ignored."
5105 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1522
5106 msgid "The mmap values start with a header:"
5110 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1530
5113 "struct perf_event_header {\n"
5119 "struct perf_event_header {\n"
5126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1538
5128 "Below, we describe the I<perf_event_header> fields in more detail. For ease "
5129 "of reading, the fields with shorter descriptions are presented first."
5133 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1541
5134 msgid "This indicates the size of the record."
5138 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1541
5144 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1546
5145 msgid "The I<misc> field contains additional information about the sample."
5149 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1551
5151 "The CPU mode can be determined from this value by masking with "
5152 "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_MASK> and looking for one of the following (note "
5153 "these are not bit masks, only one can be set at a time):"
5157 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1552
5159 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
5160 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
5163 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1555
5164 msgid "Unknown CPU mode."
5168 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1555
5170 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
5171 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
5174 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1558
5175 msgid "Sample happened in the kernel."
5179 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1558
5181 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
5182 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
5185 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1561
5186 msgid "Sample happened in user code."
5190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1561
5192 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
5193 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
5196 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1564
5197 msgid "Sample happened in the hypervisor."
5201 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1564
5203 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL>"
5204 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL>"
5207 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
5208 msgid "Sample happened in the guest kernel."
5212 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
5214 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER>"
5215 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER>"
5218 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1570
5219 msgid "Sample happened in guest user code."
5223 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1574
5224 msgid "In addition, one of the following bits can be set:"
5228 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1574
5230 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA>"
5231 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA>"
5234 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1578
5236 "This is set when the mapping is not executable; otherwise the mapping is "
5241 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1578
5243 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC>"
5244 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC>"
5247 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1589
5249 "This is set for a B<PERF_RECORD_COMM> record on kernels more recent than "
5250 "Linux 3.16 if a process name change was caused by an B<exec>(2) system "
5251 "call. It is an alias for B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA> since the two values "
5252 "would not be set in the same record."
5256 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1589
5258 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
5259 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
5262 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1597
5264 "This indicates that the content of B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> points to the actual "
5265 "instruction that triggered the event. See also I<perf_event_attr."
5270 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1597
5272 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED>"
5273 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED>"
5276 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1600
5277 msgid "This indicates there is extended data available (currently not used)."
5281 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1610
5283 "The I<type> value is one of the below. The values in the corresponding "
5284 "record (that follows the header) depend on the I<type> selected as shown."
5288 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1612
5290 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
5291 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
5294 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1619
5296 "The MMAP events record the B<PROT_EXEC> mappings so that we can correlate "
5297 "user-space IPs to code. They have the following structure:"
5301 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1630
5305 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5310 " char filename[];\n"
5314 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5319 " char filename[];\n"
5323 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1633 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1687
5324 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2206
5330 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1636 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1690
5331 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2209
5332 msgid "is the process ID."
5336 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1636 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1690
5337 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2209
5343 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1639 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1693
5344 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2212
5345 msgid "is the thread ID."
5349 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1639 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1823
5350 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2212
5356 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1648
5358 "is the address of the allocated memory. I<len> is the length of the "
5359 "allocated memory. I<pgoff> is the page offset of the allocated memory. "
5360 "I<filename> is a string describing the backing of the allocated memory."
5364 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1649
5366 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
5367 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
5370 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1652
5371 msgid "This record indicates when events are lost."
5375 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1661
5379 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5382 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5386 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5389 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5393 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1667
5394 msgid "is the unique event ID for the samples that were lost."
5398 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1667
5404 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1670
5405 msgid "is the number of events that were lost."
5409 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1671
5411 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
5412 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
5415 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1674
5416 msgid "This record indicates a change in the process name."
5420 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1684
5424 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5428 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5432 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5436 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5440 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1696
5441 msgid "is a string containing the new name of the process."
5445 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1697
5447 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5448 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5451 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1700
5452 msgid "This record indicates a process exit event."
5456 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1710 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1740
5460 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5464 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5468 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5472 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5476 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1712
5478 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
5479 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
5482 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1715
5483 msgid "This record indicates a throttle/unthrottle event."
5487 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1725
5491 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5495 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5499 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5503 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5507 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1727
5509 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
5510 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
5513 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1730
5514 msgid "This record indicates a fork event."
5518 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1742
5520 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
5521 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
5524 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1745
5525 msgid "This record indicates a read event."
5529 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1754
5533 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5535 " struct read_format values;\n"
5536 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5540 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5542 " struct read_format values;\n"
5543 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5547 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1756
5549 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
5550 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
5553 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1759
5554 msgid "This record indicates a sample."
5558 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1791
5562 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5563 " u64 sample_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER */\n"
5564 " u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
5565 " u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
5566 " u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
5567 " u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
5568 " u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
5569 " u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
5570 " u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
5571 " u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
5572 " struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
5573 " u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5574 " u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5575 " u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5576 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5577 " u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5578 " struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
5579 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5580 " u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5581 " u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
5582 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5583 " u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5584 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5585 " u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5586 " u64 weight; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT */\n"
5587 " u64 data_src; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC */\n"
5588 " u64 transaction;/* if PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION */\n"
5592 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5593 " u64 sample_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER */\n"
5594 " u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
5595 " u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
5596 " u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
5597 " u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
5598 " u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
5599 " u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
5600 " u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
5601 " u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
5602 " struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
5603 " u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5604 " u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5605 " u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5606 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5607 " u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5608 " struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
5609 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5610 " u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5611 " u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
5612 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5613 " u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5614 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5615 " u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5616 " u64 weight; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT */\n"
5617 " u64 data_src; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC */\n"
5618 " u64 transaction;/* if PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION */\n"
5622 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1793
5624 msgid "I<sample_id>"
5625 msgstr "I<sample_id>"
5628 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1803
5630 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
5631 "This is a duplication of the B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> I<id> value, but included at "
5632 "the beginning of the sample so parsers can easily obtain the value."
5636 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1803
5642 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1809
5644 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> is enabled, then a 64-bit instruction pointer value is "
5649 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1809
5651 msgid "I<pid>, I<tid>"
5652 msgstr "I<pid>, I<tid>"
5655 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1815
5657 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID> is enabled, then a 32-bit process ID and 32-bit thread "
5662 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1815
5668 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1823
5670 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME> is enabled, then a 64-bit timestamp is included. "
5671 "This is obtained via local_clock() which is a hardware timestamp if "
5672 "available and the jiffies value if not."
5676 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1830
5678 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR> is enabled, then a 64-bit address is included. This "
5679 "is usually the address of a tracepoint, breakpoint, or software event; "
5680 "otherwise the value is 0."
5684 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1838
5686 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. If the "
5687 "event is a member of an event group, the group leader ID is returned. This "
5688 "ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
5692 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1838
5694 msgid "I<stream_id>"
5695 msgstr "I<stream_id>"
5698 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1848
5700 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
5701 "Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the actual ID is returned, not the group leader. "
5702 "This ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
5706 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1848
5708 msgid "I<cpu>, I<res>"
5709 msgstr "I<cpu>, I<res>"
5712 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1855
5714 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU> is enabled, this is a 32-bit value indicating which "
5715 "CPU was being used, in addition to a reserved (unused) 32-bit value."
5719 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1855
5725 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1861
5727 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD> is enabled, a 64-bit value indicating the current "
5728 "sampling period is written."
5732 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1861
5738 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1872
5740 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ> is enabled, a structure of type read_format is "
5741 "included which has values for all events in the event group. The values "
5742 "included depend on the I<read_format> value used at B<perf_event_open>() "
5747 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1872
5749 msgid "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
5750 msgstr "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
5753 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1880
5755 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN> is enabled, then a 64-bit number is included "
5756 "which indicates how many following 64-bit instruction pointers will follow. "
5757 "This is the current callchain."
5761 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1880
5763 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
5764 msgstr "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
5767 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1887
5769 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW> is enabled, then a 32-bit value indicating size is "
5770 "included followed by an array of 8-bit values of length size. The values "
5771 "are padded with 0 to have 64-bit alignment."
5775 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1892
5777 "This RAW record data is opaque with respect to the ABI. The ABI doesn't "
5778 "make any promises with respect to the stability of its content, it may vary "
5779 "depending on event, hardware, and kernel version."
5783 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1892
5785 msgid "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
5786 msgstr "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
5789 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1901
5791 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then a 64-bit value indicating "
5792 "the number of records is included, followed by I<bnr> I<perf_branch_entry> "
5793 "structures which each include the fields:"
5797 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1902
5803 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1905
5804 msgid "This indicates the source instruction (may not be a branch)."
5808 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1905
5814 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1908
5815 msgid "The branch target."
5819 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1908
5825 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1911
5826 msgid "The branch target was mispredicted."
5830 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1911
5832 msgid "I<predicted>"
5833 msgstr "I<predicted>"
5836 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1914
5837 msgid "The branch target was predicted."
5841 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1914
5843 msgid "I<in_tx> (since Linux 3.11)"
5844 msgstr "I<in_tx> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
5847 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1917
5848 msgid "The branch was in a transactional memory transaction."
5852 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1917
5854 msgid "I<abort> (since Linux 3.11)"
5855 msgstr "I<abort> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
5858 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1920
5859 msgid "The branch was in an aborted transactional memory transaction."
5863 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1924
5865 "The entries are from most to least recent, so the first entry has the most "
5870 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1931
5872 "Support for I<mispred> and I<predicted> is optional; if not supported, both "
5877 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1935
5879 "The type of branches recorded is specified by the I<branch_sample_type> "
5884 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1937
5886 msgid "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
5887 msgstr "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
5890 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1942
5892 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> is enabled, then the user CPU registers are "
5897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1948
5899 "The I<abi> field is one of B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_NONE>, "
5900 "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_32> or B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_64>."
5904 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1958
5906 "The I<regs> field is an array of the CPU registers that were specified by "
5907 "the I<sample_regs_user> attr field. The number of values is the number of "
5908 "bits set in the I<sample_regs_user> bit mask."
5912 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1958
5914 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
5915 msgstr "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
5918 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1974
5920 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is enabled, then the user stack is recorded. "
5921 "This can be used to generate stack backtraces. I<size> is the size "
5922 "requested by the user in I<sample_stack_user> or else the maximum record "
5923 "size. I<data> is the stack data (a raw dump of the memory pointed to by the "
5924 "stack pointer at the time of sampling). I<dyn_size> is the amount of data "
5925 "actually dumped (can be less than I<size>)."
5929 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1974
5935 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1982
5937 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> is enabled, then a 64-bit value provided by the "
5938 "hardware is recorded that indicates how costly the event was. This allows "
5939 "expensive events to stand out more clearly in profiles."
5943 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1982
5946 msgstr "I<data_src>"
5949 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1988
5951 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> is enabled, then a 64-bit value is recorded that "
5952 "is made up of the following fields:"
5956 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1989
5962 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1992
5963 msgid "Type of opcode, a bitwise combination of:"
5967 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1995
5969 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_NA>"
5970 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_NA>"
5973 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1998 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2023
5974 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2074 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2098
5975 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2114
5976 msgid "Not available"
5980 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1998
5982 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_LOAD>"
5983 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_LOAD>"
5986 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2001
5987 msgid "Load instruction"
5991 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2001
5993 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_STORE>"
5994 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_STORE>"
5997 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2004
5998 msgid "Store instruction"
6002 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2004
6004 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_PFETCH>"
6005 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_PFETCH>"
6008 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2007
6013 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2007
6015 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_EXEC>"
6016 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_EXEC>"
6019 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2010
6020 msgid "Executable code"
6024 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2012
6030 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2017
6032 "Memory hierarchy level hit or miss, a bitwise combination of the following, "
6033 "shifted left by B<PERF_MEM_LVL_SHIFT>:"
6037 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2020
6039 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_NA>"
6040 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_NA>"
6043 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2023
6045 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_HIT>"
6046 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_HIT>"
6049 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2026 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2117
6054 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2026
6056 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_MISS>"
6057 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_MISS>"
6060 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2029 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2120
6065 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2029
6067 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L1>"
6068 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L1>"
6071 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2032
6072 msgid "Level 1 cache"
6076 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2032
6078 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LFB>"
6079 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LFB>"
6082 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2035
6083 msgid "Line fill buffer"
6087 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2035
6089 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L2>"
6090 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L2>"
6093 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2038
6094 msgid "Level 2 cache"
6098 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2038
6100 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L3>"
6101 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L3>"
6104 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2041
6105 msgid "Level 3 cache"
6109 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2041
6111 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LOC_RAM>"
6112 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LOC_RAM>"
6115 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2044
6120 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2044
6122 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM1>"
6123 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM1>"
6126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2047
6127 msgid "Remote DRAM 1 hop"
6131 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2047
6133 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM2>"
6134 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM2>"
6137 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2050
6138 msgid "Remote DRAM 2 hops"
6142 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2050
6144 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE1>"
6145 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE1>"
6148 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2053
6149 msgid "Remote cache 1 hop"
6153 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2053
6155 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE2>"
6156 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE2>"
6159 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2056
6160 msgid "Remote cache 2 hops"
6164 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2056
6166 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_IO>"
6167 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_IO>"
6170 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2059
6175 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2059
6177 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_UNC>"
6178 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_UNC>"
6181 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2062
6182 msgid "Uncached memory"
6186 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2064
6188 msgid "I<mem_snoop>"
6189 msgstr "I<mem_snoop>"
6192 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2068
6194 "Snoop mode, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left by "
6195 "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_SHIFT>:"
6199 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2071
6201 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NA>"
6202 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NA>"
6205 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2074
6207 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NONE>"
6208 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NONE>"
6211 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2077
6216 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2077
6218 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HIT>"
6219 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HIT>"
6222 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2080
6227 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2080
6229 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_MISS>"
6230 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_MISS>"
6233 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2083
6238 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2083
6240 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HITM>"
6241 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HITM>"
6244 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2086
6245 msgid "Snoop hit modified"
6249 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2088
6252 msgstr "I<mem_lock>"
6255 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2092
6257 "Lock instruction, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left by "
6258 "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_SHIFT>:"
6262 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2095
6264 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_NA>"
6265 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_NA>"
6268 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2098
6270 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_LOCKED>"
6271 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_LOCKED>"
6274 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2101
6275 msgid "Locked transaction"
6279 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2103
6282 msgstr "I<mem_dtlb>"
6285 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2108
6287 "TLB access hit or miss, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left "
6288 "by B<PERF_MEM_TLB_SHIFT>:"
6292 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2111
6294 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_NA>"
6295 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_NA>"
6298 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2114
6300 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_HIT>"
6301 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_HIT>"
6304 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2117
6306 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_MISS>"
6307 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_MISS>"
6310 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2120
6312 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L1>"
6313 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L1>"
6316 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2123
6321 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2123
6323 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L2>"
6324 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L2>"
6327 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2126
6332 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2126
6334 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_WK>"
6335 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_WK>"
6338 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2129
6339 msgid "Hardware walker"
6343 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2129
6345 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_OS>"
6346 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_OS>"
6349 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2132
6350 msgid "OS fault handler"
6354 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2135
6356 msgid "I<transaction>"
6357 msgstr "I<transaction>"
6360 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2141
6362 "If the B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> flag is set, then a 64-bit field is "
6363 "recorded describing the sources of any transactional memory aborts."
6367 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2143
6368 msgid "The field is a bitwise combination of the following values:"
6372 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2144
6374 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_ELISION>"
6375 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_ELISION>"
6378 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2147
6379 msgid "Abort from an elision type transaction (Intel-CPU-specific)."
6383 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2147
6385 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_TRANSACTION>"
6386 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_TRANSACTION>"
6389 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2150
6390 msgid "Abort from a generic transaction."
6394 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2150
6396 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_SYNC>"
6397 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_SYNC>"
6400 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2153
6401 msgid "Synchronous abort (related to the reported instruction)."
6405 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2153
6407 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_ASYNC>"
6408 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_ASYNC>"
6411 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2156
6412 msgid "Asynchronous abort (not related to the reported instruction)."
6416 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2156
6418 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_RETRY>"
6419 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_RETRY>"
6422 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2159
6423 msgid "Retryable abort (retrying the transaction may have succeeded)."
6427 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2159
6429 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CONFLICT>"
6430 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_CONFLICT>"
6433 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2162
6434 msgid "Abort due to memory conflicts with other threads."
6438 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2162
6440 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CAPACITY_WRITE>"
6444 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2165
6445 msgid "Abort due to write capacity overflow."
6449 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2165
6451 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CAPACITY_READ>"
6455 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2168
6456 msgid "Abort due to read capacity overflow."
6460 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2175
6462 "In addition, a user-specified abort code can be obtained from the high 32 "
6463 "bits of the field by shifting right by B<PERF_TXN_ABORT_SHIFT> and masking "
6464 "with B<PERF_TXN_ABORT_MASK>."
6468 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2176
6470 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP2>"
6471 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP2>"
6474 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2185
6476 "This record includes extended information on B<mmap>(2) calls returning "
6477 "executable mappings. The format is similar to that of the "
6478 "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> record, but includes extra values that allow uniquely "
6479 "identifying shared mappings."
6483 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2204
6487 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
6496 " u64 ino_generation;\n"
6499 " char filename[];\n"
6500 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
6504 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
6513 " u64 ino_generation;\n"
6516 " char filename[];\n"
6517 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
6521 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2215
6522 msgid "is the address of the allocated memory."
6526 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2215
6532 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2218
6533 msgid "is the length of the allocated memory."
6537 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2218
6543 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2221
6544 msgid "is the page offset of the allocated memory."
6548 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2221
6554 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2224
6555 msgid "is the major ID of the underlying device."
6559 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2224
6565 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2227
6566 msgid "is the minor ID of the underlying device."
6570 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2227
6576 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2230
6577 msgid "is the inode number."
6581 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2230
6583 msgid "I<ino_generation>"
6584 msgstr "I<ino_generation>"
6587 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2233
6588 msgid "is the inode generation."
6592 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2233
6598 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2236
6599 msgid "is the protection information."
6603 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2236
6609 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2239
6610 msgid "is the flags information."
6614 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2239
6617 msgstr "I<filename>"
6620 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2242
6621 msgid "is a string describing the backing of the allocated memory."
6625 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2244
6627 msgid "Signal overflow"
6631 #. The following sentence doesn't seem to make sense.
6632 #. These system calls do not set up signal handlers.
6634 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2256
6636 "Events can be set to deliver a signal when a threshold is crossed. The "
6637 "signal handler is set up using the B<poll>(2), B<select>(2), B<epoll>(2) "
6638 "and B<fcntl>(2), system calls."
6642 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2260
6644 "To generate signals, sampling must be enabled (I<sample_period> must have a "
6649 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2262
6650 msgid "There are two ways to generate signals."
6654 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2272
6656 "The first is to set a I<wakeup_events> or I<wakeup_watermark> value that "
6657 "will generate a signal if a certain number of samples or bytes have been "
6658 "written to the mmap ring buffer. In this case, a signal of type B<POLL_IN> "
6663 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2284
6665 "The other way is by use of the B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH> ioctl. This ioctl "
6666 "adds to a counter that decrements each time the event overflows. When "
6667 "nonzero, a B<POLL_IN> signal is sent on overflow, but once the value reaches "
6668 "0, a signal is sent of type B<POLL_HUP> and the underlying event is disabled."
6671 #. FIXME . Find out when this was introduced
6673 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2290
6675 "Note: on newer kernels (since at least as early as Linux 3.2), a signal is "
6676 "provided for every overflow, even if I<wakeup_events> is not set."
6680 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2290
6682 msgid "rdpmc instruction"
6686 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2297
6688 "Starting with Linux 3.4 on x86, you can use the I<rdpmc> instruction to get "
6689 "low-latency reads without having to enter the kernel. Note that using "
6690 "I<rdpmc> is not necessarily faster than other methods for reading event "
6695 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2302
6697 "Support for this can be detected with the I<cap_usr_rdpmc> field in the mmap "
6698 "page; documentation on how to calculate event values can be found in that "
6703 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2302
6705 msgid "perf_event ioctl calls"
6709 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2307
6710 msgid "Various ioctls act on B<perf_event_open>() file descriptors:"
6714 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2307
6716 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
6717 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
6720 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2311
6722 "This enables the individual event or event group specified by the file "
6723 "descriptor argument."
6727 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2317
6729 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6730 "events in a group are enabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
6731 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6735 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2317
6737 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
6738 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
6741 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2321
6743 "This disables the individual counter or event group specified by the file "
6744 "descriptor argument."
6748 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2328
6750 "Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the entire "
6751 "group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the counters in "
6752 "the group will count. Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than "
6753 "the leader affects only that counter; disabling a non-leader stops that "
6754 "counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter."
6758 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2334
6760 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6761 "events in a group are disabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
6762 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6766 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2334
6768 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
6769 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
6772 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2348
6774 "Non-inherited overflow counters can use this to enable a counter for a "
6775 "number of overflows specified by the argument, after which it is disabled. "
6776 "Subsequent calls of this ioctl add the argument value to the current count. "
6777 "A signal with B<POLL_IN> set will happen on each overflow until the count "
6778 "reaches 0; when that happens a signal with POLL_HUP set is sent and the "
6779 "event is disabled. Using an argument of 0 is considered undefined behavior."
6783 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2348
6785 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
6786 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
6789 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2358
6791 "Reset the event count specified by the file descriptor argument to zero. "
6792 "This resets only the counts; there is no way to reset the multiplexing "
6793 "I<time_enabled> or I<time_running> values."
6797 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2364
6799 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6800 "events in a group are reset, even if the event specified is not the group "
6801 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6805 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2364
6807 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
6808 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
6811 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2367
6812 msgid "This updates the overflow period for the event."
6816 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2372
6818 "Since Linux 3.7 (on ARM) and Linux 3.14 (all other architectures), the new "
6819 "period takes effect immediately. On older kernels, the new period did not "
6820 "take effect until after the next overflow."
6824 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2375
6826 "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit value containing the desired new "
6831 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2378
6833 "Prior to Linux 2.6.36 this ioctl always failed due to a bug in the kernel."
6837 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2379
6839 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT>"
6843 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2384
6845 "This tells the kernel to report event notifications to the specified file "
6846 "descriptor rather than the default one. The file descriptors must all be on "
6851 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2387
6853 "The argument specifies the desired file descriptor, or -1 if output should "
6858 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2387
6860 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
6861 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
6864 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2390
6865 msgid "This adds an ftrace filter to this event."
6869 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2392
6870 msgid "The argument is a pointer to the desired ftrace filter."
6874 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2392
6876 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID> (since Linux 3.12)"
6877 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
6880 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2395
6881 msgid "This returns the event ID value for the given event file descriptor."
6885 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2398
6887 "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit unsigned integer to hold the result."
6891 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2398
6897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2411
6899 "A process can enable or disable all the event groups that are attached to it "
6900 "using the B<prctl>(2) B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE> and "
6901 "B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE> operations. This applies to all counters on "
6902 "the calling process, whether created by this process or by another, and does "
6903 "not affect any counters that this process has created on other processes. "
6904 "It enables or disables only the group leaders, not any other members in the "
6909 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2411
6911 msgid "perf_event related configuration files"
6915 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2414
6916 msgid "Files in I</proc/sys/kernel/>"
6920 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2415
6922 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid>"
6926 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2421
6928 "The I<perf_event_paranoid> file can be set to restrict access to the "
6929 "performance counters."
6933 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2422
6939 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2424
6940 msgid "only allow user-space measurements."
6944 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2424
6950 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2426
6951 msgid "allow both kernel and user measurements (default)."
6955 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2426
6961 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2428
6962 msgid "allow access to CPU-specific data but not raw tracepoint samples."
6966 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2428
6972 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2430
6973 msgid "no restrictions."
6977 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2436
6979 "The existence of the I<perf_event_paranoid> file is the official method for "
6980 "determining if a kernel supports B<perf_event_open>()."
6984 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2436
6986 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate>"
6990 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2445
6992 "This sets the maximum sample rate. Setting this too high can allow users to "
6993 "sample at a rate that impacts overall machine performance and potentially "
6994 "lock up the machine. The default value is 100000 (samples per second)."
6998 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2445
7000 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb>"
7004 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2451
7006 "Maximum number of pages an unprivileged user can B<mlock>(2). The default "
7011 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2455
7012 msgid "Files in I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/>"
7016 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2461
7018 "Since Linux 2.6.34, the kernel supports having multiple PMUs available for "
7019 "monitoring. Information on how to program these PMUs can be found under I</"
7020 "sys/bus/event_source/devices/>. Each subdirectory corresponds to a "
7025 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2461
7027 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
7028 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
7031 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2468
7033 "This contains an integer that can be used in the I<type> field of "
7034 "I<perf_event_attr> to indicate that you wish to use this PMU."
7038 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2468
7040 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc> (since Linux 3.4)"
7041 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
7044 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2473
7046 "If this file is 1, then direct user-space access to the performance counter "
7047 "registers is allowed via the rdpmc instruction. This can be disabled by "
7048 "echoing 0 to the file."
7052 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2473
7054 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/> (since Linux 3.4)"
7055 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
7058 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2481
7060 "This subdirectory contains information on the architecture-specific "
7061 "subfields available for programming the various I<config> fields in the "
7062 "I<perf_event_attr> struct."
7066 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2492
7068 "The content of each file is the name of the config field, followed by a "
7069 "colon, followed by a series of integer bit ranges separated by commas. For "
7070 "example, the file I<event> may contain the value I<config1:1,6-10,44> which "
7071 "indicates that event is an attribute that occupies bits 1,6-10, and 44 of "
7072 "I<perf_event_attr::config1>."
7076 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2492
7078 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/> (since Linux 3.4)"
7079 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
7082 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2501
7084 "This subdirectory contains files with predefined events. The contents are "
7085 "strings describing the event settings expressed in terms of the fields found "
7086 "in the previously mentioned I<./format/> directory. These are not "
7087 "necessarily complete lists of all events supported by a PMU, but usually a "
7088 "subset of events deemed useful or interesting."
7092 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2509
7094 "The content of each file is a list of attribute names separated by commas. "
7095 "Each entry has an optional value (either hex or decimal). If no value is "
7096 "specified, then it is assumed to be a single-bit field with a value of 1. "
7097 "An example entry may look like this: I<event=0x2,inv,ldlat=3>."
7101 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2509
7103 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
7104 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
7107 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2513
7109 "This file is the standard kernel device interface for injecting hotplug "
7114 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2513
7116 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/cpumask> (since Linux 3.7)"
7117 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/cpumask> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
7120 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2522
7122 "The I<cpumask> file contains a comma-separated list of integers that "
7123 "indicate a representative CPU number for each socket (package) on the "
7124 "motherboard. This is needed when setting up uncore or northbridge events, "
7125 "as those PMUs present socket-wide events."
7129 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2529
7131 "B<perf_event_open>() returns the new file descriptor, or -1 if an error "
7132 "occurred (in which case, I<errno> is set appropriately)."
7136 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2534
7138 "The errors returned by B<perf_event_open>() can be inconsistent, and may "
7139 "vary across processor architectures and performance monitoring units."
7143 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2534
7149 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2551
7151 "Returned if the I<perf_event_attr> I<size> value is too small (smaller than "
7152 "B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0>), too big (larger than the page size), or larger than "
7153 "the kernel supports and the extra bytes are not zero. When B<E2BIG> is "
7154 "returned, the I<perf_event_attr> I<size> field is overwritten by the kernel "
7155 "to be the size of the structure it was expecting."
7159 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2565
7161 "Returned when the requested event requires B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> permissions (or "
7162 "a more permissive perf_event paranoid setting). Some common cases where an "
7163 "unprivileged process may encounter this error: attaching to a process owned "
7164 "by a different user; monitoring all processes on a given CPU (i.e., "
7165 "specifying the I<pid> argument as -1); and not setting I<exclude_kernel> "
7166 "when the paranoid setting requires it."
7170 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2565 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
7171 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:157 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:133
7177 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2575
7179 "Returned if the I<group_fd> file descriptor is not valid, or, if "
7180 "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> is set, the cgroup file descriptor in I<pid> is not "
7185 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2580
7186 msgid "Returned if the I<attr> pointer points at an invalid memory address."
7190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2606
7192 "Returned if the specified event is invalid. There are many possible reasons "
7193 "for this. A not-exhaustive list: I<sample_freq> is higher than the maximum "
7194 "setting; the I<cpu> to monitor does not exist; I<read_format> is out of "
7195 "range; I<sample_type> is out of range; the I<flags> value is out of range; "
7196 "I<exclusive> or I<pinned> set and the event is not a group leader; the event "
7197 "I<config> values are out of range or set reserved bits; the generic event "
7198 "selected is not supported; or there is not enough room to add the selected "
7203 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2606
7209 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2612
7211 "Each opened event uses one file descriptor. If a large number of events are "
7212 "opened the per-user file descriptor limit (often 1024) will be hit and no "
7213 "more events can be created."
7217 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2616
7219 "Returned when the event involves a feature not supported by the current CPU."
7223 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2616 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
7229 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2623
7231 "Returned if the I<type> setting is not valid. This error is also returned "
7232 "for some unsupported generic events."
7236 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2623
7242 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2633
7244 "Prior to Linux 3.3, if there was not enough room for the event, B<ENOSPC> "
7245 "was returned. In Linux 3.3, this was changed to B<EINVAL>. B<ENOSPC> is "
7246 "still returned if you try to add more breakpoint events than supported by "
7251 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2640
7253 "Returned if B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is set in I<sample_type> and it is not "
7254 "supported by hardware."
7258 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2647
7260 "Returned if an event requiring a specific hardware feature is requested but "
7261 "there is no hardware support. This includes requesting low-skid events if "
7262 "not supported, branch tracing if it is not available, sampling if no PMU "
7263 "interrupt is available, and branch stacks for software events."
7267 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2652
7269 "Returned on many (but not all) architectures when an unsupported "
7270 "I<exclude_hv>, I<exclude_idle>, I<exclude_user>, or I<exclude_kernel> "
7271 "setting is specified."
7275 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2660
7277 "It can also happen, as with B<EACCES>, when the requested event requires "
7278 "B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> permissions (or a more permissive perf_event paranoid "
7279 "setting). This includes setting a breakpoint on a kernel address, and "
7280 "(since Linux 3.13) setting a kernel function-trace tracepoint."
7284 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2663
7285 msgid "Returned if attempting to attach to a process that does not exist."
7289 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2663
7295 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2668
7297 "B<perf_event_open>() was introduced in Linux 2.6.31 but was called "
7298 "B<perf_counter_open>(). It was renamed in Linux 2.6.32."
7302 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2673
7304 "This B<perf_event_open>() system call Linux- specific and should not be "
7305 "used in programs intended to be portable."
7307 "B<perf_event_open>() システムコールは Linux 固有であり、 移植を意図したプログ"
7311 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2677
7313 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
7314 "B<syscall>(2). See the example below."
7316 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 "
7317 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。 以下の例を参照。"
7320 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2683
7322 "The official way of knowing if B<perf_event_open>() support is enabled is "
7323 "checking for the existence of the file I</proc/sys/kernel/"
7324 "perf_event_paranoid>."
7328 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2683 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
7329 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1962
7335 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2690
7337 "The B<F_SETOWN_EX> option to B<fcntl>(2) is needed to properly get overflow "
7338 "signals in threads. This was introduced in Linux 2.6.32."
7342 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2698
7344 "Prior to Linux 2.6.33 (at least for x86), the kernel did not check if events "
7345 "could be scheduled together until read time. The same happens on all known "
7346 "kernels if the NMI watchdog is enabled. This means to see if a given set of "
7347 "events works you have to B<perf_event_open>(), start, then read before you "
7348 "know for sure you can get valid measurements."
7352 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2702
7354 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34, event constraints were not enforced by the kernel. "
7355 "In that case, some events would silently return \"0\" if the kernel "
7356 "scheduled them in an improper counter slot."
7360 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2705
7362 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34, there was a bug when multiplexing where the wrong "
7363 "results could be returned."
7367 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2708
7369 "Kernels from Linux 2.6.35 to Linux 2.6.39 can quickly crash the kernel if "
7370 "\"inherit\" is enabled and many threads are started."
7374 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2712
7376 "Prior to Linux 2.6.35, B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> did not work with attached "
7381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2717
7383 "In older Linux 2.6 versions, refreshing an event group leader refreshed all "
7384 "siblings, and refreshing with a parameter of 0 enabled infinite refresh. "
7385 "This behavior is unsupported and should not be relied on."
7389 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2723
7391 "There is a bug in the kernel code between Linux 2.6.36 and Linux 3.0 that "
7392 "ignores the \"watermark\" field and acts as if a wakeup_event was chosen if "
7393 "the union has a nonzero value in it."
7397 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2729
7399 "From Linux 2.6.31 to Linux 3.4, the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> ioctl argument "
7400 "was broken and would repeatedly operate on the event specified rather than "
7401 "iterating across all sibling events in a group."
7405 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2740
7407 "From Linux 3.4 to Linux 3.11, the mmap I<cap_usr_rdpmc> and I<cap_usr_time> "
7408 "bits mapped to the same location. Code should migrate to the new "
7409 "I<cap_user_rdpmc> and I<cap_user_time> fields instead."
7413 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2745
7415 "Always double-check your results! Various generalized events have had wrong "
7416 "values. For example, retired branches measured the wrong thing on AMD "
7417 "machines until Linux 2.6.35."
7421 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2745 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:311
7422 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:237 build/C/man2/tee.2:136
7428 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2749
7430 "The following is a short example that measures the total instruction count "
7431 "of a call to B<printf>(3)."
7435 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2758
7438 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
7439 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
7440 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7441 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
7442 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
7443 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
7444 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7446 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
7447 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
7448 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7449 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
7450 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
7451 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
7452 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7455 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2764
7459 "perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
7460 " int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
7465 "perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
7466 " int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
7471 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2769
7474 " ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
7475 " group_fd, flags);\n"
7479 " ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
7480 " group_fd, flags);\n"
7485 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2776
7489 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
7491 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
7492 " long long count;\n"
7496 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
7498 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
7499 " long long count;\n"
7503 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2784
7506 " memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
7507 " pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
7508 " pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
7509 " pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
7510 " pe.disabled = 1;\n"
7511 " pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
7512 " pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
7514 " memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
7515 " pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
7516 " pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
7517 " pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
7518 " pe.disabled = 1;\n"
7519 " pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
7520 " pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
7523 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2790
7526 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
7527 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
7528 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
7529 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
7532 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
7533 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
7534 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
7535 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
7539 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2793
7542 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
7543 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
7545 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
7546 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
7549 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2795
7551 msgid " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
7552 msgstr " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
7555 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2798
7558 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
7559 " read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
7561 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
7562 " read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
7565 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2800
7567 msgid " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
7568 msgstr " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
7571 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2803
7581 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2810
7582 msgid "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
7583 msgstr "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
7586 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
7592 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
7598 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
7599 msgid "perfmonctl - interface to IA-64 performance monitoring unit"
7603 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:34
7606 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
7607 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
7609 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
7610 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
7613 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:36
7615 msgid "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
7616 msgstr "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
7619 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:47
7621 "The IA-64-specific B<perfmonctl>() system call provides an interface to the "
7622 "PMU (performance monitoring unit). The PMU consists of PMD (performance "
7623 "monitoring data) registers and PMC (performance monitoring control) "
7624 "registers, which gather hardware statistics."
7628 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:57
7630 "B<perfmonctl>() applies the operation I<cmd> to the input arguments "
7631 "specified by I<arg>. The number of arguments is defined by I<narg>. The "
7632 "I<fd> argument specifies the perfmon context to operate on."
7636 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
7637 msgid "Supported values for I<cmd> are:"
7641 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
7643 msgid "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
7644 msgstr "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
7647 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:65
7649 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT, pfarg_context_t *>I<ctxt>B<, 1);>\n"
7653 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:67
7654 msgid "Set up a context."
7658 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:74
7660 "The I<fd> parameter is ignored. A new perfmon context is created as "
7661 "specified in I<ctxt> and its file descriptor is returned in I<ctxt-"
7666 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:86
7668 "The file descriptor can be used in subsequent calls to B<perfmonctl>() and "
7669 "can be used to read event notifications (type I<pfm_msg_t>) using "
7670 "B<read>(2). The file descriptor is pollable using B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), "
7675 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
7677 "The context can be destroyed by calling B<close>(2) on the file descriptor."
7681 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
7683 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
7684 msgstr "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
7687 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:95
7689 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
7690 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
7693 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
7694 msgid "Set PMC registers."
7698 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
7700 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
7701 msgstr "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
7704 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:101
7706 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7707 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7711 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
7712 msgid "Set PMD registers."
7716 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
7718 msgid "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
7719 msgstr "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
7722 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:109
7724 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7725 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7728 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
7729 msgid "Read PMD registers."
7733 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
7735 msgid "B<PFM_START>"
7736 msgstr "B<PFM_START>"
7738 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_START, arg, 1);
7740 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:117
7742 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
7743 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
7746 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
7747 msgid "Start monitoring."
7751 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
7754 msgstr "B<PFM_STOP>"
7757 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:124
7759 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
7760 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
7763 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
7764 msgid "Stop monitoring."
7768 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
7770 msgid "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
7771 msgstr "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
7774 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:131
7776 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, 1);>\n"
7777 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, 1);>\n"
7780 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
7781 msgid "Attach the context to a thread."
7785 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
7787 msgid "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
7788 msgstr "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
7791 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:138
7793 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
7794 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
7797 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
7798 msgid "Detach the context from a thread."
7802 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
7804 msgid "B<PFM_RESTART>"
7805 msgstr "B<PFM_RESTART>"
7808 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:145
7810 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
7811 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
7814 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
7815 msgid "Restart monitoring after receiving an overflow notification."
7819 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
7821 msgid "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
7822 msgstr "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
7825 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:152
7827 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, 1);>\n"
7828 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, 1);>\n"
7831 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:153
7833 msgid "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
7834 msgstr "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
7837 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:158
7839 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
7840 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
7843 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
7844 msgid "If I<val> is nonzero, enable debugging mode, otherwise disable."
7848 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
7850 msgid "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
7851 msgstr "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
7854 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:167
7856 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, n);>\n"
7857 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, n);>\n"
7863 #. .B PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS
7864 #. create or modify event sets
7866 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
7869 #. .B PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS
7870 #. delete event sets
7872 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_DELETE_EVTSET, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
7875 #. .B PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS
7876 #. get information about event sets
7878 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS, pfarg_setinfo_t *info, n);
7881 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190
7882 msgid "Reset PMC registers to default values."
7886 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
7888 "B<perfmonctl>() returns zero when the operation is successful. On error, "
7889 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the cause of the error."
7893 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199
7894 msgid "B<perfmonctl>() is available since Linux 2.4."
7898 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202
7900 "B<perfmonctl>() is Linux-specific and is available only on the IA-64 "
7905 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:207
7907 msgstr "B<gprof>(1)"
7910 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
7911 msgid "The perfmon2 interface specification"
7915 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
7918 msgstr "PERSONALITY"
7921 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
7927 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35
7928 msgid "personality - set the process execution domain"
7929 msgstr "personality - プロセスを実行するドメインを設定する"
7932 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:37
7933 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
7934 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
7937 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39
7938 msgid "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
7939 msgstr "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
7942 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:47
7944 "Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each "
7945 "process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal "
7946 "numbers into signal actions. The execution domain system allows Linux to "
7947 "provide limited support for binaries compiled under other UNIX-like "
7948 "operating systems."
7950 "Linux は、プロセス毎の異なる実行ドメイン、すなわち パーソナリティ "
7951 "(personality) をサポートしている。 実行ドメインは Linux にシグナル番号にどの"
7952 "シグナルを割り付けるかを 教えたりする。また、実行ドメイン・システムにより、 "
7953 "Linux は、 他の UNIX 風のオペレーティングシステムでコンパイルされたバイナリに"
7954 "対する限定的なサポートを提供している。"
7957 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:59
7959 "If I<persona> is not 0xffffffff, then B<personality>() sets the caller's "
7960 "execution domain to the value specified by I<persona>. Specifying "
7961 "I<persona> as 0xffffffff provides a way of retrieving the current persona "
7962 "without changing it."
7964 "I<persona> が 0xffffffff 以外の場合、 B<personality>() は呼び出し元の実行ドメ"
7965 "インを I<persona> で指定された値に設定する。 I<persona> に 0xffffffff を指定"
7966 "すると、変更を行わず、現在の persona 値を取得できる。"
7969 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:62
7971 "A list of the available execution domains can be found in I<E<lt>sys/"
7972 "personality.hE<gt>>."
7974 "利用可能な実行ドメインのリストは I<E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>> にある。"
7977 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:69
7979 "On success, the previous I<persona> is returned. On error, -1 is returned, "
7980 "and I<errno> is set appropriately."
7982 "成功した場合、以前の I<persona> が返される。エラーの場合は、-1 が返され、 "
7983 "I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
7986 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:73
7987 msgid "The kernel was unable to change the personality."
7988 msgstr "カーネルがパーソナリティを変更できなかった。"
7991 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:77
7993 "B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
7994 "intended to be portable."
7996 "B<personality>() は Linux 固有であり、移植を意図したプログラムで使用すべきで"
8000 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
8006 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
8007 msgid "pivot_root - change the root filesystem"
8008 msgstr "pivot_root - root ファイルシステムを変更する"
8011 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:15
8013 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
8015 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
8019 #. capability is required.
8021 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:27
8023 "B<pivot_root>() moves the root filesystem of the calling process to the "
8024 "directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root filesystem of the "
8027 "B<pivot_root>() は呼び出し元のプロセスの root ファイルシステムを I<put_old> "
8028 "ディレクトリに移動し、 I<new_root> を呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい root ファイ"
8032 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:34
8034 "The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
8035 "system mounts a temporary root filesystem (e.g., an B<initrd>), then mounts "
8036 "the real root filesystem, and eventually turns the latter into the current "
8037 "root of all relevant processes or threads."
8039 "B<pivot_root>() の典型的な利用法は、システムの起動中にシステムが一時的な "
8040 "root ファイルシステム (例えば B<initrd>) をマウントし、これに続いて本当の "
8041 "root ファイルシステムをマウントし、 後者を必要な全てのプロセス・スレッドの カ"
8042 "レント root に変更するような場合である。"
8045 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:46
8047 "B<pivot_root>() may or may not change the current root and the current "
8048 "working directory of any processes or threads which use the old root "
8049 "directory. The caller of B<pivot_root>() must ensure that processes with "
8050 "root or current working directory at the old root operate correctly in "
8051 "either case. An easy way to ensure this is to change their root and current "
8052 "working directory to I<new_root> before invoking B<pivot_root>()."
8054 "古い root ディレクトリを使っていた全てのプロセスやスレッドの カレント root と"
8055 "カレントワーキングディレクトリを、 B<pivot_root>() が変更するかどうかはわか"
8056 "らない。 B<pivot_root>() の呼びだしプロセスは、古い root やカレントワーキン"
8057 "グディレクトリを使っていた プロセスが、いずれの場合でも正しく動作することを保"
8058 "証しなければならない。 これを簡単に行うには、それらのプロセスの root と カレ"
8059 "ントワーキングディレクトリを B<pivot_root>() を呼び出す前に I<new_root> に変"
8063 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:64
8065 "The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
8066 "B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
8067 "B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each process "
8068 "or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root directory. This is "
8069 "necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from keeping the old root "
8070 "directory busy with their root and current working directory, even if they "
8071 "never access the filesystem in any way. In the future, there may be a "
8072 "mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly relinquish any access to the "
8073 "filesystem, such that this fairly intrusive mechanism can be removed from "
8076 "上記の段落は、将来 B<pivot_root>() が変更されるかも知れないことを鑑みて、わ"
8077 "ざと曖昧に書いてある。 本ページを記述している時点では、 B<pivot_root>() は古"
8078 "い root ディレクトリを用いている全てのプロセス・スレッドの root と カレント"
8079 "ワーキングディレクトリを I<new_root> に変更する。これはカーネルのスレッドが古"
8080 "い root ディレクトリを busy 状態にしないために必要である。これらのスレッドが "
8081 "古いディレクトリを root やカレントワーキングディレクトリとしていると、 ファイ"
8082 "ルシステムに一切アクセスしない場合でも 古い root が busy になってしまうからで"
8083 "ある。 将来は、カーネルスレッドがあらゆるファイルシステムへのアクセスを 明示"
8084 "的に放棄するメカニズムができ、このでしゃばりな機能は B<pivot_root>() から削"
8088 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:72
8090 "Note that this also applies to the calling process: B<pivot_root>() may or "
8091 "may not affect its current working directory. It is therefore recommended "
8092 "to call B<chdir(\"/\")> immediately after B<pivot_root>()."
8094 "これは呼び出し元のプロセスについても当てはまることに注意。 B<pivot_root>() "
8095 "がカレントプロセスのカレントワーキングディレクトリに影響するかどうかは 分から"
8096 "ない。したがって B<pivot_root>() の直後に B<chdir(\"/\")> を呼び出すとよい。"
8099 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74
8100 msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
8101 msgstr "I<new_root> および I<put_old> には以下の制限がある:"
8104 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
8105 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
8111 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
8112 msgid "They must be directories."
8113 msgstr "ディレクトリでなければならない。"
8116 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79
8118 "I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same filesystem as the current "
8121 "I<new_root> と I<put_old> は現在の root と同じファイルシステムにあってはなら"
8125 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
8127 "I<put_old> must be underneath I<new_root>, that is, adding a nonzero number "
8128 "of I</..> to the string pointed to by I<put_old> must yield the same "
8129 "directory as I<new_root>."
8131 "I<put_old> は I<new_root> 以下になければならない。すなわち I<put_old> を差す"
8132 "文字列に 1 個以上の I<../> を付けることによって I<new_root> と同じディレクト"
8136 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:85
8137 msgid "No other filesystem may be mounted on I<put_old>."
8138 msgstr "他のファイルシステムが I<put_old> にマウントされていてはならない。"
8141 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:89
8142 msgid "See also B<pivot_root>(8) for additional usage examples."
8143 msgstr "利用例については B<pivot_root>(8) を参照のこと。"
8146 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:96
8148 "If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
8149 "B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the mount "
8150 "point of that filesystem is mounted on I<put_old>."
8152 "現在の root がマウントポイントではない (B<chroot>(2) や B<pivot_root>() の"
8153 "後など。以下も参照) 場合、 古い root ディレクトリではなく、 そのファイルシス"
8154 "テムのマウントポイントが I<put_old> にマウントされる。"
8157 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101
8159 "I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, I</proc/"
8160 "mounts> will show the mount point of the filesystem containing I<new_root> "
8163 "I<new_root> はマウントポイントでなくてもよい。 この場合 I</proc/mounts> は、 "
8164 "I<new_root> を root (I</>) とするファイルシステムのマウントポイントを表示す"
8168 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
8170 "B<pivot_root>() may return (in I<errno>) any of the errors returned by "
8171 "B<stat>(2). Additionally, it may return:"
8173 "B<pivot_root>() は B<stat>(2) の返すあらゆるエラーを (I<errno> に) 返す可能"
8174 "性がある。さらに以下を返すことがある:"
8177 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
8179 "I<new_root> or I<put_old> are on the current root filesystem, or a "
8180 "filesystem is already mounted on I<put_old>."
8182 "I<new_root> または I<put_old> が、現在の root ファイルシステム上にあるか、既"
8183 "に I<put_old> になんらかのファイルシステムがマウントされている。"
8186 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
8187 msgid "I<put_old> is not underneath I<new_root>."
8188 msgstr "I<put_old> が I<new_root> の下層にない。"
8191 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
8197 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
8198 msgid "I<new_root> or I<put_old> is not a directory."
8199 msgstr "I<new_root> または I<put_old> がディレクトリでない。"
8202 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
8203 msgid "The calling process does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
8204 msgstr "呼び出し元のプロセスが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
8207 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128
8208 msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
8209 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux 2.3.41 で導入された。"
8212 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
8213 msgid "B<pivot_root>() is Linux-specific and hence is not portable."
8214 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux に固有のものなので、移植性はない。"
8217 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:138
8219 "B<pivot_root>() should not have to change root and current working "
8220 "directory of all other processes in the system."
8222 "B<pivot_root>() はシステムの他のプロセス全ての root と カレントワーキング"
8223 "ディレクトリとを変更しなくてもよいはずである。"
8226 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
8228 "Some of the more obscure uses of B<pivot_root>() may quickly lead to "
8231 "B<pivot_root>() の使い方がもうちょっと曖昧になると、 あっという間にわけのわ"
8235 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
8236 msgid "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
8237 msgstr "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
8240 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
8242 msgid "PROCESS_VM_READV"
8243 msgstr "PROCESS_VM_READV"
8246 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32
8248 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - transfer data between process address "
8251 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - プロセスのアドレス空間間でデータを転送"
8255 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:35
8257 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
8258 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
8261 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:42
8264 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8265 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8266 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8267 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8268 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8269 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8271 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8272 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8273 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8274 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8275 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8276 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8279 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:49
8282 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8283 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8284 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8285 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8286 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8287 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8289 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8290 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8291 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8292 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8293 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8294 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8297 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:54
8299 "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
8303 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:58
8304 msgid "B<process_vm_readv>(), B<process_vm_writev>():"
8305 msgstr "B<process_vm_readv>(), B<process_vm_writev>():"
8308 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:62
8309 msgid "B<_GNU_SOURCE>"
8310 msgstr "B<_GNU_SOURCE>"
8313 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:73
8315 "These system calls transfer data between the address space of the calling "
8316 "process (\"the local process\") and the process identified by I<pid> (\"the "
8317 "remote process\"). The data moves directly between the address spaces of "
8318 "the two processes, without passing through kernel space."
8322 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:98
8324 "The B<process_vm_readv>() system call transfers data from the remote "
8325 "process to the local process. The data to be transferred is identified by "
8326 "I<remote_iov> and I<riovcnt>: I<remote_iov> is a pointer to an array "
8327 "describing address ranges in the process I<pid>, and I<riovcnt> specifies "
8328 "the number of elements in I<remote_iov>. The data is transferred to the "
8329 "locations specified by I<local_iov> and I<liovcnt>: I<local_iov> is a "
8330 "pointer to an array describing address ranges in the calling process, and "
8331 "I<liovcnt> specifies the number of elements in I<local_iov>."
8335 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:112
8337 "The B<process_vm_writev>() system call is the converse of "
8338 "B<process_vm_readv>()\\(emit transfers data from the local process to the "
8339 "remote process. Other than the direction of the transfer, the arguments "
8340 "I<liovcnt>, I<local_iov>, I<riovcnt>, and I<remote_iov> have the same "
8341 "meaning as for B<process_vm_readv>()."
8345 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:122
8347 "The I<local_iov> and I<remote_iov> arguments point to an array of I<iovec> "
8348 "structures, defined in I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> as:"
8350 "引き数 I<local_iov> と I<remote_iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列へのポイン\n"
8351 "タである。 I<iovec> 構造体は I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義\n"
8355 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:129
8359 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
8360 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
8364 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
8365 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
8369 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:145
8371 "Buffers are processed in array order. This means that "
8372 "B<process_vm_readv>() completely fills I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to "
8373 "I<local_iov[1]>, and so on. Likewise, I<remote_iov[0]> is completely read "
8374 "before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>, and so on."
8376 "バッファは配列の順序で処理される。これは、 B<process_vm_readv>() が\n"
8377 "I<local_iov>[0] が完全に一杯になるまでデータを詰めてから、\n"
8378 "I<local_iov>[1] に進むといったことを意味する。同様に、\n"
8379 "I<remote_iov>[0] を完全に読み出してから I<remote_iov>[1] に進み、\n"
8383 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:156
8385 "Similarly, B<process_vm_writev>() writes out the entire contents of "
8386 "I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and it completely "
8387 "fills I<remote_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>."
8391 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:164
8393 "The lengths of I<remote_iov[i].iov_len> and I<local_iov[i].iov_len> do not "
8394 "have to be the same. Thus, it is possible to split a single local buffer "
8395 "into multiple remote buffers, or vice versa."
8399 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:168
8400 msgid "The I<flags> argument is currently unused and must be set to 0."
8401 msgstr "I<flags> 引き数は現在使用されておらず、 0 を設定しなければならない。"
8403 #. In time, glibc might provide a wrapper that works around this limit,
8404 #. as is done for readv()/writev()
8406 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:181
8408 "The values specified in the I<liovcnt> and I<riovcnt> arguments must be less "
8409 "than or equal to B<IOV_MAX> (defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> or accessible "
8410 "via the call I<sysconf(_SC_IOV_MAX)>)."
8414 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:191
8416 "The count arguments and I<local_iov> are checked before doing any "
8417 "transfers. If the counts are too big, or I<local_iov> is invalid, or the "
8418 "addresses refer to regions that are inaccessible to the local process, none "
8419 "of the vectors will be processed and an error will be returned immediately."
8423 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:211
8425 "Note, however, that these system calls do not check the memory regions in "
8426 "the remote process until just before doing the read/write. Consequently, a "
8427 "partial read/write (see RETURN VALUE) may result if one of the "
8428 "I<remote_iov> elements points to an invalid memory region in the remote "
8429 "process. No further reads/writes will be attempted beyond that point. Keep "
8430 "this in mind when attempting to read data of unknown length (such as C "
8431 "strings that are null-terminated) from a remote process, by avoiding "
8432 "spanning memory pages (typically 4KiB) in a single remote I<iovec> element. "
8433 "(Instead, split the remote read into two I<remote_iov> elements and have "
8434 "them merge back into a single write I<local_iov> entry. The first read "
8435 "entry goes up to the page boundary, while the second starts on the next page "
8440 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
8442 "In order to read from or write to another process, either the caller must "
8443 "have the capability B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>, or the real user ID, effective user "
8444 "ID, and saved set-user-ID of the remote process must match the real user ID "
8445 "of the caller I<and> the real group ID, effective group ID, and saved set-"
8446 "group-ID of the remote process must match the real group ID of the caller. "
8447 "(The permission required is exactly the same as that required to perform a "
8448 "B<ptrace>(2) B<PTRACE_ATTACH> on the remote process.)"
8452 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
8454 "On success, B<process_vm_readv>() returns the number of bytes read and "
8455 "B<process_vm_writev>() returns the number of bytes written. This return "
8456 "value may be less than the total number of requested bytes, if a partial "
8457 "read/write occurred. (Partial transfers apply at the granularity of "
8458 "I<iovec> elements. These system calls won't perform a partial transfer that "
8459 "splits a single I<iovec> element.) The caller should check the return value "
8460 "to determine whether a partial read/write occurred."
8464 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
8465 msgid "On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set appropriately."
8466 msgstr "エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
8469 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:257
8471 "The sum of the I<iov_len> values of either I<local_iov> or I<remote_iov> "
8472 "overflows a I<ssize_t> value."
8476 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:261
8477 msgid "I<flags> is not 0."
8478 msgstr "I<flags> が 0 でない。"
8481 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267
8482 msgid "I<liovcnt> or I<riovcnt> is too large."
8483 msgstr "I<liovcnt> か I<riovcnt> が大きすぎる。"
8486 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:272
8488 "The memory described by I<local_iov> is outside the caller's accessible "
8491 "I<local_iov> が示すメモリが呼び出し側がアクセス可能な\n"
8495 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:278
8497 "The memory described by I<remote_iov> is outside the accessible address "
8498 "space of the process I<pid>."
8502 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:283
8504 "Could not allocate memory for internal copies of the I<iovec> structures."
8508 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287
8510 "The caller does not have permission to access the address space of the "
8513 "呼び出し側がプロセス I<pid> のアドレス空間に対するアクセス許可を\n"
8517 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:292
8518 msgid "No process with ID I<pid> exists."
8519 msgstr "ID が I<pid> のプロセスが存在しない。"
8522 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
8524 "These system calls were added in Linux 3.2. Support is provided in glibc "
8525 "since version 2.15."
8527 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 3.2 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
8528 "サポートは glibc バージョン 2.15 以降で提供されている。"
8531 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:297
8532 msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
8533 msgstr "これらのシステムコールは非標準で Linux による拡張である。"
8536 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:303
8538 "The data transfers performed by B<process_vm_readv>() and "
8539 "B<process_vm_writev>() are not guaranteed to be atomic in any way."
8542 #. Original user is MPI, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpi/
8543 #. See also some benchmarks at http://lwn.net/Articles/405284/
8544 #. and http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=130105930902915&w=2
8546 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:311
8548 "These system calls were designed to permit fast message passing by allowing "
8549 "messages to be exchanged with a single copy operation (rather than the "
8550 "double copy that would be required when using, for example, shared memory or "
8555 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:319
8557 "The following code sample demonstrates the use of B<process_vm_readv>(). It "
8558 "reads 20 bytes at the address 0x10000 from the process with PID 10 and "
8559 "writes the first 10 bytes into I<buf1> and the second 10 bytes into I<buf2>."
8563 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:322
8565 msgid "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
8566 msgstr "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
8569 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:332
8575 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
8576 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
8580 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
8585 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
8586 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
8590 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
8593 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:339
8596 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
8597 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
8598 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
8599 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
8600 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
8601 " remote[0].iov_len = 20;\n"
8603 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
8604 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
8605 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
8606 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
8607 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
8608 " remote[0].iov_len = 20;\n"
8611 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:346
8614 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
8615 " if (nread != 20)\n"
8621 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
8622 " if (nread != 20)\n"
8629 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:350
8630 msgid "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
8631 msgstr "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
8634 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
8640 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
8641 msgid "ptrace - process trace"
8642 msgstr "ptrace - プロセスのトレース"
8645 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:50
8647 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
8648 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
8651 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:53
8654 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
8655 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
8657 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
8658 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
8661 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:62
8664 #| "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which a parent process "
8665 #| "may observe and control the execution of another process, and examine and "
8666 #| "change its core image and registers. It is primarily used to implement "
8667 #| "breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
8669 "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which one process (the "
8670 "\"tracer\") may observe and control the execution of another process (the "
8671 "\"tracee\"), and examine and change the tracee's memory and registers. It "
8672 "is primarily used to implement breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
8674 "B<ptrace>() システムコールは、親プロセスが、別のプロセスの実行の監視/制御を "
8675 "行ったり、コアイメージ (core image) やレジスタの調査/変更を 行ったりする手段"
8676 "を提供する。 B<ptrace>() は、主にブレークポイントによるデバッグやシステム"
8677 "コールのトレースを 実装するのに用いられる。"
8680 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:73
8682 "A tracee first needs to be attached to the tracer. Attachment and "
8683 "subsequent commands are per thread: in a multithreaded process, every thread "
8684 "can be individually attached to a (potentially different) tracer, or left "
8685 "not attached and thus not debugged. Therefore, \"tracee\" always means "
8686 "\"(one) thread\", never \"a (possibly multithreaded) process\". Ptrace "
8687 "commands are always sent to a specific tracee using a call of the form"
8691 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:75
8693 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
8694 msgstr " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
8697 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:79
8698 msgid "where I<pid> is the thread ID of the corresponding Linux thread."
8699 msgstr "ここで I<pid> は対応する Linux スレッドのスレッド ID である。"
8702 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:85
8704 "(Note that in this page, a \"multithreaded process\" means a thread group "
8705 "consisting of threads created using the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_THREAD> flag.)"
8709 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:96
8712 #| "The parent can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
8713 #| "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an "
8714 #| "B<exec>(3). Alternatively, the parent may commence trace of an existing "
8715 #| "process using B<PTRACE_ATTACH>."
8717 "A process can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
8718 "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an "
8719 "B<execve>(2). Alternatively, one process may commence tracing another "
8720 "process using B<PTRACE_ATTACH> or B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
8722 "トレースを開始するには、まず親プロセスで B<fork>(2) を呼び出す。生成された子"
8723 "プロセスで B<PTRACE_TRACEME> を行い、続いて (典型的には) B<exec>(3) を行な"
8724 "う。 別の方法としては、 親プロセスが既存のプロセスに対して B<PTRACE_ATTACH> "
8728 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:113
8731 #| "While being traced, the child will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
8732 #| "even if the signal is being ignored. (The exception is B<SIGKILL>, which "
8733 #| "has its usual effect.) The parent will be notified at its next "
8734 #| "B<wait>(2) and may inspect and modify the child process while it is "
8735 #| "stopped. The parent then causes the child to continue, optionally "
8736 #| "ignoring the delivered signal (or even delivering a different signal "
8739 "While being traced, the tracee will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
8740 "even if the signal is being ignored. (An exception is B<SIGKILL>, which has "
8741 "its usual effect.) The tracer will be notified at its next call to "
8742 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the related \"wait\" system calls); that call will "
8743 "return a I<status> value containing information that indicates the cause of "
8744 "the stop in the tracee. While the tracee is stopped, the tracer can use "
8745 "various ptrace requests to inspect and modify the tracee. The tracer then "
8746 "causes the tracee to continue, optionally ignoring the delivered signal (or "
8747 "even delivering a different signal instead)."
8749 "トレースの実行中、子プロセスはシグナルが配送されるたびに、 たとえそのシグナル"
8750 "が無視すべきものであっても停止する (B<SIGKILL> は例外で、通常どおりの効果をも"
8751 "たらす)。 親プロセスには次の B<wait>(2) で通知され、停止している間に子プロセ"
8752 "スを調べたり修正したりすることができる。 そして親プロセスは子プロセスの実行を"
8753 "再開させるが、配送された シグナルを無視することもできる (あるいは代わりに別の"
8754 "シグナルを 配送することもできる) 。"
8757 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:123
8759 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is not in effect, all successful calls "
8760 "to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause it to be sent a B<SIGTRAP> "
8761 "signal, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program "
8766 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:127
8769 #| "When the parent is finished tracing, it can terminate the child with "
8770 #| "B<PTRACE_KILL> or cause it to continue executing in a normal, untraced "
8771 #| "mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
8773 "When the tracer is finished tracing, it can cause the tracee to continue "
8774 "executing in a normal, untraced mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
8776 "親プロセスがトレースを終了する際には、 B<PTRACE_KILL> を使用して子プロセスを"
8777 "終了させることもできるし、 B<PTRACE_DETACH> を用いて通常のトレースなしのモー"
8778 "ドにして、 実行を継続させることもできる。"
8781 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
8782 msgid "The value of I<request> determines the action to be performed:"
8783 msgstr "I<request> の値がこのシステムコールの動作を決定する:"
8786 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
8788 msgid "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
8789 msgstr "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
8792 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:141
8794 "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. A process "
8795 "probably shouldn't make this request if its parent isn't expecting to trace "
8796 "it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
8798 "このプロセスが親プロセスによってトレースされることを表す。親プロセスが自プロ"
8799 "セスをトレースするつもりがない場合には、 おそらくこのプロセスは本要求を行うべ"
8800 "きではないだろう。 (I<pid>, I<addr>, I<data> は無視される。)"
8803 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
8806 #| "The above request is used only by the child process; the rest are used "
8807 #| "only by the parent. In the following requests, I<pid> specifies the "
8808 #| "child process to be acted on. For requests other than B<PTRACE_KILL>, "
8809 #| "the child process must be stopped."
8811 "The B<PTRACE_TRACEME> request is used only by the tracee; the remaining "
8812 "requests are used only by the tracer. In the following requests, I<pid> "
8813 "specifies the thread ID of the tracee to be acted on. For requests other "
8814 "than B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and "
8815 "B<PTRACE_KILL>, the tracee must be stopped."
8817 "上記の要求は子プロセスだけが行なうものである。 残りは親プロセスだけが行なうも"
8818 "のである。 以下の要求では、I<pid> で操作の対象となる 子プロセスを指定する。 "
8819 "B<PTRACE_KILL> を除き、要求を行なうためには 子プロセスは停止していなければな"
8823 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
8825 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
8826 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
8829 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
8832 #| "Reads a word at the location I<addr> in the child's memory, returning the "
8833 #| "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have "
8834 #| "separate text and data address spaces, so the two requests are currently "
8835 #| "equivalent. (The argument I<data> is ignored.)"
8837 "Read a word at the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory, returning the "
8838 "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have separate "
8839 "text and data address spaces, so these two requests are currently "
8840 "equivalent. (I<data> is ignored; but see NOTES.)"
8842 "子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み出す。読み出したワード"
8843 "は B<ptrace>() の返り値として返される。 Linux ではテキスト (text) とデータ "
8844 "(data) で 同じアドレス空間を使用するため、この 2 つの要求は現在のところ 同じ"
8845 "ものである。 (引き数 I<data> は無視される。)"
8848 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
8850 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
8851 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
8853 #. PTRACE_PEEKUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
8854 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
8856 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
8859 #| "Reads a word at offset I<addr> in the child's USER area, which holds the "
8860 #| "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
8861 #| "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
8862 #| "Typically the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
8863 #| "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
8865 "Read a word at offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area, which holds the "
8866 "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
8867 "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
8868 "Typically, the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
8869 "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored; but see NOTES.)"
8871 "子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み込む。"
8872 "USER 領域にはそのプロセスの レジスタ (registers) などの情報が保持されている "
8873 "(I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照)。読み込んだワードは B<ptrace>() コールの結"
8874 "果として返される。 たいていはオフセットはワード境界になければならないが、 "
8875 "アーキテクチャによってはその必要はない。 「注意」の節を参照。 (I<data> は無視"
8879 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
8881 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
8882 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
8885 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
8888 #| "Copies the word I<data> to location I<addr> in the child's memory. As "
8889 #| "above, the two requests are currently equivalent."
8891 "Copy the word I<data> to the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory. As for "
8892 "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT> and B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, these two requests are currently "
8895 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置へコピーする。上と同様"
8896 "に、現在のところ二つの 要求は同じものである。"
8899 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
8901 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
8902 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
8904 #. PTRACE_POKEUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_POKEUSER,
8905 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
8906 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
8907 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
8909 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
8912 #| "Copies the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the child's USER area. As "
8913 #| "above, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to maintain "
8914 #| "the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area are "
8917 "Copy the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area. As for "
8918 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to "
8919 "maintain the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area "
8922 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置にコピーす"
8923 "る。 上と同様に、通常、オフセットはワード境界になければならない。 カーネルの"
8924 "完全性 (integrity) を維持するため、 変更内容によっては USER 領域の変更は禁止"
8928 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
8930 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
8931 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
8934 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
8937 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
8938 #| "respectively, to location I<data> in the parent. See I<E<lt>sys/user."
8939 #| "hE<gt>> for information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8941 "Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
8942 "to the address I<data> in the tracer. See I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> for "
8943 "information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that "
8944 "SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, "
8945 "I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied to the address I<addr>. "
8946 "B<PTRACE_GETREGS> and B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS> are not present on all "
8949 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタを親プロセスの I<data> "
8950 "の位置にコピーする。この data の書式に関しては I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照"
8951 "すること。(I<addr> は無視される。)"
8954 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
8956 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8957 msgstr " B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8960 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
8962 "Read the tracee's registers. I<addr> specifies, in an architecture-"
8963 "dependent way, the type of registers to be read. B<NT_PRSTATUS> (with "
8964 "numerical value 1) usually results in reading of general-purpose "
8965 "registers. If the CPU has, for example, floating-point and/or vector "
8966 "registers, they can be retrieved by setting I<addr> to the corresponding "
8967 "B<NT_foo> constant. I<data> points to a B<struct iovec>, which describes "
8968 "the destination buffer's location and length. On return, the kernel "
8969 "modifies B<iov.len> to indicate the actual number of bytes returned."
8973 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
8975 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
8976 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
8978 #. FIXME . In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
8979 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
8981 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:282
8984 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
8985 #| "respectively, from location I<data> in the parent. As for "
8986 #| "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general purpose register modifications may be "
8987 #| "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8989 "Modify the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, "
8990 "respectively, from the address I<data> in the tracer. As for "
8991 "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general-purpose register modifications may be "
8992 "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that SPARC systems have the meaning "
8993 "of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, I<data> is ignored and the "
8994 "registers are copied from the address I<addr>. B<PTRACE_SETREGS> and "
8995 "B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS> are not present on all architectures."
8997 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタに 親プロセスの "
8998 "I<date> の位置からコピーする。 B<PTRACE_POKEUSER> と同様に、汎用レジスタに"
8999 "よっては 変更が禁止されている場合がある。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9002 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:282
9004 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
9005 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
9008 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:291
9010 "Modify the tracee's registers. The meaning of I<addr> and I<data> is "
9011 "analogous to B<PTRACE_GETREGSET>."
9015 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:291
9017 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
9018 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
9021 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
9024 #| "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copies a "
9025 #| "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the child to location "
9026 #| "I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9028 "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copy a "
9029 "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the tracee to the address "
9030 "I<data> in the tracer. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9032 "停止の原因となったシグナルに関する情報を取得する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体 "
9033 "(B<sigaction>(2) 参照) を子プロセスから親プロセスの I<data> の位置にコピーす"
9034 "る。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9037 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
9039 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
9040 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
9043 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
9046 #| "Set signal information. Copies a I<siginfo_t> structure from location "
9047 #| "I<data> in the parent to the child. This will only affect signals that "
9048 #| "would normally be delivered to the child and were caught by the tracer. "
9049 #| "It may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
9050 #| "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9052 "Set signal information: copy a I<siginfo_t> structure from the address "
9053 "I<data> in the tracer to the tracee. This will affect only signals that "
9054 "would normally be delivered to the tracee and were caught by the tracer. It "
9055 "may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
9056 "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9058 "シグナル情報を設定する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体を親プロセスのデータ I<data> の位"
9059 "置から 子プロセスにコピーする。 この処理を行うことができるのは、子プロセスに"
9060 "通常は配送されるはずで トレーサに捕捉されたシグナルについてだけである。 これ"
9061 "らの通常のシグナルと B<ptrace>() 自身が発生するシグナルを見分けるのは難しい"
9062 "かもしれない。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9065 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
9067 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO> (since Linux 3.10)"
9068 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
9070 #. commit 84c751bd4aebbaae995fe32279d3dba48327bad4
9072 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:345
9074 "Retrieve I<siginfo_t> structures without removing signals from a queue. "
9075 "I<addr> points to a I<ptrace_peeksiginfo_args> structure that specifies the "
9076 "ordinal position from which copying of signals should start, and the number "
9077 "of signals to copy. I<siginfo_t> structures are copied into the buffer "
9078 "pointed to by I<data>. The return value contains the number of copied "
9079 "signals (zero indicates that there is no signal corresponding to the "
9080 "specified ordinal position). Within the returned I<siginfo> structures, the "
9081 "I<si_code> field includes information (B<__SI_CHLD>, B<__SI_FAULT>, etc.) "
9082 "that are not otherwise exposed to user space."
9086 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:354
9089 "struct ptrace_peeksiginfo_args {\n"
9090 " u64 off; /* Ordinal position in queue at which\n"
9091 " to start copying signals */\n"
9092 " u32 flags; /* PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO_SHARED or 0 */\n"
9093 " s32 nr; /* Number of signals to copy */\n"
9098 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:361
9100 "Currently, there is only one flag, B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO_SHARED>, for dumping "
9101 "signals from the process-wide signal queue. If this flag is not set, "
9102 "signals are read from the per-thread queue of the specified thread."
9106 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:363
9108 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGMASK> (since Linux 3.11)"
9109 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGMASK> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
9111 #. commit 29000caecbe87b6b66f144f72111f0d02fbbf0c1
9113 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:378
9115 "Place a copy of the mask of blocked signals (see B<sigprocmask>(2)) in the "
9116 "buffer pointed to by I<data>, which should be a pointer to a buffer of type "
9117 "I<sigset_t>. The I<addr> argument contains the size of the buffer pointed "
9118 "to by I<data> (i.e., I<sizeof(sigset_t)>)."
9122 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:378
9124 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGMASK> (since Linux 3.11)"
9125 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETSIGMASK> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
9128 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:392
9130 "Change the mask of blocked signals (see B<sigprocmask>(2)) to the value "
9131 "specified in the buffer pointed to by I<data>, which should be a pointer to "
9132 "a buffer of type I<sigset_t>. The I<addr> argument contains the size of the "
9133 "buffer pointed to by I<data> (i.e., I<sizeof(sigset_t)>)."
9137 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:392
9139 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
9140 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (Linux 2.4.6 以降; バグの章にある警告も参照)"
9143 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:401
9145 "Set ptrace options from I<data>. (I<addr> is ignored.) I<data> is "
9146 "interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by the following "
9149 "I<data> に基づいて ptrace のオプションを設定する (I<addr> は無視される)。 "
9150 "I<data> はオプションのビットマスクとして解釈され、 オプションには以下のフラグ"
9154 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:402
9156 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
9157 msgstr " B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
9159 #. commit 992fb6e170639b0849bace8e49bf31bd37c4123
9161 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:410
9163 "If a tracer sets this flag, a B<SIGKILL> signal will be sent to every tracee "
9164 "if the tracer exits. This option is useful for ptrace jailers that want to "
9165 "ensure that tracees can never escape the tracer's control."
9169 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:410
9171 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9172 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9175 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:427
9178 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9179 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9180 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9181 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9183 "Stop the tracee at the next B<clone>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
9184 "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
9185 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
9186 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9188 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9189 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
9190 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
9191 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9194 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:430
9196 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9197 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9200 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:434 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:520
9201 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:553
9202 msgid "The PID of the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9203 msgstr "新規のプロセスの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9206 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:455
9209 #| "Stop the child at the next B<clone>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9210 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9211 #| "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9212 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This option "
9213 #| "may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the child calls "
9214 #| "B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will be "
9215 #| "delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
9216 #| "child calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
9217 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
9219 "This option may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the tracee "
9220 "calls B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will "
9221 "be delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
9222 "tracee calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
9223 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
9225 "次の B<clone>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt> "
9226 "\\8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに clone で作成されたプロセスのト"
9227 "レースを自動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセ"
9228 "スの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。 このオプションで全ての "
9229 "B<clone>(2) コールを捕まえられるわけではない。 子プロセスが B<CLONE_VFORK> "
9230 "フラグ付きで B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合、 B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> が設定さ"
9231 "れていれば代わりに B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> が配送される。 また、子プロセスが終"
9232 "了シグナルを B<SIGCHLD> に設定して B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合は、 "
9233 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> が設定されていれば B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> が配送される。"
9236 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:455
9238 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9239 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9242 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:464
9244 "Stop the tracee at the next B<execve>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer "
9245 "will return a I<status> value such that"
9249 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:467
9251 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9252 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9255 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:473
9257 "If the execing thread is not a thread group leader, the thread ID is reset "
9258 "to thread group leader's ID before this stop. Since Linux 3.0, the former "
9259 "thread ID can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9263 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:473
9265 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
9266 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
9269 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:481
9271 "Stop the tracee at exit. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a "
9272 "I<status> value such that"
9276 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:484
9278 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9279 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9282 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:488
9283 msgid "The tracee's exit status can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9287 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:496
9290 #| "Stop the child at exit with I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9291 #| "8>. The child's exit status can be retrieved with "
9292 #| "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This stop will be done early during process exit "
9293 #| "when registers are still available, allowing the tracer to see where the "
9294 #| "exit occurred, whereas the normal exit notification is done after the "
9295 #| "process is finished exiting. Even though context is available, the "
9296 #| "tracer cannot prevent the exit from happening at this point."
9298 "The tracee is stopped early during process exit, when registers are still "
9299 "available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred, whereas the "
9300 "normal exit notification is done after the process is finished exiting. "
9301 "Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from "
9302 "happening at this point."
9304 "終了 (exit) 時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセス"
9305 "の動作を停止させる。子プロセスの終了ステータスは B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得"
9306 "できる。 この停止はレジスタがまだ参照可能であるプロセス終了処理の初期に行わ"
9307 "れ、 トレーサはどこで終了が発生したかを知ることができる。 通常の終了通知 "
9308 "(exit notification) はプロセスの終了処理が完了した後に 行われる。コンテキスト"
9309 "を参照することはできるにも関わらず、 トレーサはこの時点から終了を止めることは"
9313 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:496
9315 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9316 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9319 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:513
9322 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9323 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9324 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9325 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9327 "Stop the tracee at the next B<fork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
9328 "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
9329 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
9330 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9332 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9333 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
9334 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
9335 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9338 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:516
9340 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9341 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9344 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:520
9346 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (since Linux 2.4.6)"
9347 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (Linux 2.4.6 以降)"
9350 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:529
9353 #| "When delivering syscall traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
9354 #| "deliver I<SIGTRAP | 0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to tell "
9355 #| "the difference between normal traps and those caused by a syscall. "
9356 #| "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> may not work on all architectures.)"
9358 "When delivering system call traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
9359 "deliver I<SIGTRAP|0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to distinguish "
9360 "normal traps from those caused by a system call. (B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
9361 "may not work on all architectures.)"
9363 "システムコールのトラップが配送されたときに、シグナル番号のビット 7 を設定す"
9364 "る (すなわち、I<SIGTRAP | 0x80> を配送する)。 これにより、トレーサが通常のト"
9365 "ラップとシステムコールによるトラップを 区別しやすくなる。 "
9366 "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> はどのアーキテクチャでも動作しない可能性がある。)"
9369 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:529
9371 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9372 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9375 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:546
9378 #| "Stop the child at the next B<vfork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9379 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9380 #| "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9381 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9383 "Stop the tracee at the next B<vfork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
9384 "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
9385 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
9386 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9388 "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9389 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに vfork されたプロセスのトレースを自"
9390 "動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
9391 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9394 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:549
9396 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9397 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9400 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:553
9402 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
9403 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
9406 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:562
9408 "Stop the tracee at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) "
9409 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9413 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:565
9415 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9419 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:569
9421 "The PID of the new process can (since Linux 2.6.18) be retrieved with "
9422 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9426 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:570
9428 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9429 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9432 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:590
9435 #| "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
9436 #| "just happened, placing it in the location I<data> in the parent. For "
9437 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> this is the child's exit status. For "
9438 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> and B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> "
9439 #| "this is the PID of the new process. Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the "
9440 #| "new process is also available for B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>. (I<addr> "
9443 "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
9444 "just happened, placing it at the address I<data> in the tracer. For "
9445 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>, this is the tracee's exit status. For "
9446 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>, and "
9447 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>, this is the PID of the new process. (I<addr> is "
9450 "発生したばかりの ptrace イベントに関するメッセージを (I<unsigned long> 型で) "
9451 "取得する。 取得したメッセージは親プロセスの I<data> の位置に格納される。 得ら"
9452 "れる内容は、 B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> の場合は子プロセスの終了ステータスであり、 "
9453 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> の場合は新"
9454 "しいプロセスの PID である。 Linux 2.6.18 以降では、新しいプロセスの PID は "
9455 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE> で入手できる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9458 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:590
9460 msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
9461 msgstr "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
9464 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:602
9467 #| "Restarts the stopped child process. If I<data> is nonzero and not "
9468 #| "B<SIGSTOP>, it is interpreted as a signal to be delivered to the child; "
9469 #| "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the parent can "
9470 #| "control whether a signal sent to the child is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
9473 "Restart the stopped tracee process. If I<data> is nonzero, it is "
9474 "interpreted as the number of a signal to be delivered to the tracee; "
9475 "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the tracer can "
9476 "control whether a signal sent to the tracee is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
9479 "停止した子プロセスの実行を再開させる。 I<data> がゼロでなく、 B<SIGSTOP> でも"
9480 "なければ、 子プロセスに配送されるシグナルと解釈される。 ゼロや B<SIGSTOP> の"
9481 "場合はシグナルは配送されない。 これを使うと、例えば、親プロセスは 子プロセス"
9482 "に送られたシグナルを実際に配送するかどうかを 制御することができる。(I<addr> "
9486 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:602
9488 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
9489 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
9492 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:626
9495 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arranges for the "
9496 #| "child to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or "
9497 #| "after execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The child will "
9498 #| "also, as usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the parent's "
9499 #| "perspective, the child will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a "
9500 #| "B<SIGTRAP>. So, for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to "
9501 #| "inspect the arguments to the system call at the first stop, then do "
9502 #| "another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and inspect the return value of the system call "
9503 #| "at the second stop. The I<data> argument is treated as for "
9504 #| "B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9506 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arrange for the tracee "
9507 "to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or after "
9508 "execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The tracee will also, as "
9509 "usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the tracer's perspective, "
9510 "the tracee will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a B<SIGTRAP>. So, "
9511 "for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to inspect the arguments to "
9512 "the system call at the first stop, then do another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and "
9513 "inspect the return value of the system call at the second stop. The I<data> "
9514 "argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9516 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし、 "
9517 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> の場合は子プロセスが 次にシステムコールに入るかシステムコー"
9518 "ルから抜けるかする時に、 B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP> の場合は 1 命令 (instruction) "
9519 "実行した後に停止させる (通常どおり、子プロセスはシグナルを受け取った場合にも"
9520 "停止する)。 親プロセスから見ると、子プロセスは B<SIGTRAP> を受信して停止した"
9521 "ように見える。そのため、例えば B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を使うと、1回目の停止で引き"
9522 "数を調べて B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を実行し、 2回目の停止でシステムコールの返り値を"
9523 "調べる、 というようなことができる。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> の場合と"
9524 "同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9527 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:626
9529 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
9530 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (Linux 2.6.14 以降)"
9534 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:647
9537 #| "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next syscall, "
9538 #| "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
9539 #| "but also singlestep if not a syscall. This call is used by programs like "
9540 #| "User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the child's system calls. The "
9541 #| "I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored; "
9542 #| "not supported on all architectures.)"
9544 "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next system call, "
9545 "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
9546 "but also singlestep if not a system call. This call is used by programs "
9547 "like User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the tracee's system calls. "
9548 "The I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. The I<addr> argument "
9549 "is ignored. These requests are currently supported only on x86."
9551 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU> は、実行を再開し、次のシステムコールに入る時に停止させる。 "
9552 "システムコールは実行されない。 B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> も同様だが、システ"
9553 "ムコールでない場合には 1 命令 (singlestep) だけ実行した時点でも停止させる。 "
9554 "このコールは User Mode Linux のように子プロセスのシステムコールを全て エミュ"
9555 "レートしようとするプログラムで使用される。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> "
9556 "の場合と同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。 全てのアーキテクチャでサ"
9560 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:647
9562 msgid "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
9563 msgstr " B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
9566 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:658
9568 "Restart the stopped tracee, but prevent it from executing. The resulting "
9569 "state of the tracee is similar to a process which has been stopped by a "
9570 "B<SIGSTOP> (or other stopping signal). See the \"group-stop\" subsection "
9571 "for additional information. B<PTRACE_LISTEN> works only on tracees attached "
9572 "by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
9576 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:658
9578 msgid "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
9579 msgstr "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
9582 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:667
9585 #| "Sends the child a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
9588 "Send the tracee a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
9591 "子プロセスに B<SIGKILL> を送り終了させる。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
9593 #. [Note from Denys Vlasenko:
9594 #. deprecation suggested by Oleg Nesterov. He prefers to deprecate it
9595 #. instead of describing (and needing to support) PTRACE_KILL's quirks.]
9597 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:686
9599 "I<This operation is deprecated; do not use it!> Instead, send a B<SIGKILL> "
9600 "directly using B<kill>(2) or B<tgkill>(2). The problem with B<PTRACE_KILL> "
9601 "is that it requires the tracee to be in signal-delivery-stop, otherwise it "
9602 "may not work (i.e., may complete successfully but won't kill the tracee). "
9603 "By contrast, sending a B<SIGKILL> directly has no such limitation."
9607 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:686
9609 msgid "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
9610 msgstr " B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
9613 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:714
9615 "Stop a tracee. If the tracee is running or sleeping in kernel space and "
9616 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> is in effect, the system call is interrupted and syscall-"
9617 "exit-stop is reported. (The interrupted system call is restarted when the "
9618 "tracee is restarted.) If the tracee was already stopped by a signal and "
9619 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> was sent to it, the tracee stops with B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> "
9620 "and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns the stop signal. If any other ptrace-stop "
9621 "is generated at the same time (for example, if a signal is sent to the "
9622 "tracee), this ptrace-stop happens. If none of the above applies (for "
9623 "example, if the tracee is running in user space), it stops with "
9624 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> with I<WSTOPSIG(status)> == B<SIGTRAP>. "
9625 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> only works on tracees attached by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
9629 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:714
9631 msgid "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
9632 msgstr "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
9634 #. No longer true (removed by Denys Vlasenko, 2011, who remarks:
9635 #. "I think it isn't true in non-ancient 2.4 and in 2.6/3.x.
9636 #. Basically, it's not true for any Linux in practical use.
9637 #. ; the behavior of the tracee is as if it had done a
9638 #. .BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
9639 #. The calling process actually becomes the parent of the tracee
9640 #. process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive
9641 #. notification of tracee events and appears in
9643 #. output as the tracee's parent), but a
9645 #. by the tracee will still return the PID of the original parent.
9647 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:742
9649 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
9650 "process. The tracee is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not necessarily have "
9651 "stopped by the completion of this call; use B<waitpid>(2) to wait for the "
9652 "tracee to stop. See the \"Attaching and detaching\" subsection for "
9653 "additional information. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
9657 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:742
9659 msgid "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
9660 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
9663 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:762
9665 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
9666 "process. Unlike B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the "
9667 "process. Only a B<PTRACE_SEIZE>d process can accept B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
9668 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> commands. I<addr> must be zero. I<data> contains a bit "
9669 "mask of ptrace options to activate immediately."
9673 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:762
9675 msgid "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
9676 msgstr "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
9679 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:771
9682 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detaches from "
9683 #| "the process, undoing the reparenting effect of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, and the "
9684 #| "effects of B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. Although perhaps not intended, under Linux "
9685 #| "a traced child can be detached in this way regardless of which method was "
9686 #| "used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9688 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detach from it. "
9689 "Under Linux, a tracee can be detached in this way regardless of which method "
9690 "was used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9692 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし まずそのプロセス"
9693 "からの分離 (detach) を行い、 B<PTRACE_ATTACH> での親の切り換えによる効果と "
9694 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> の効果を取り消す。意図したものではないだろうが、 Linux で"
9695 "は、トレースされている子プロセスはどのような方法でトレースを 開始されたとして"
9696 "も、この方法で分離 (detach) することができる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9699 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:771
9701 msgid "Death under ptrace"
9705 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:780
9707 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a killing signal (one whose "
9708 "disposition is set to B<SIG_DFL> and whose default action is to kill the "
9709 "process), all threads exit. Tracees report their death to their tracer(s). "
9710 "Notification of this event is delivered via B<waitpid>(2)."
9714 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:789
9716 "Note that the killing signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
9717 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
9718 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will death from the signal "
9719 "happen on I<all> tracees within a multithreaded process. (The term \"signal-"
9720 "delivery-stop\" is explained below.)"
9724 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:801
9726 "B<SIGKILL> does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore the tracer "
9727 "can't suppress it. B<SIGKILL> kills even within system calls (syscall-exit-"
9728 "stop is not generated prior to death by B<SIGKILL>). The net effect is that "
9729 "B<SIGKILL> always kills the process (all its threads), even if some threads "
9730 "of the process are ptraced."
9734 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:806
9736 "When the tracee calls B<_exit>(2), it reports its death to its tracer. "
9737 "Other threads are not affected."
9741 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:810
9743 "When any thread executes B<exit_group>(2), every tracee in its thread group "
9744 "reports its death to its tracer."
9748 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:824
9750 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option is on, B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> will happen "
9751 "before actual death. This applies to exits via B<exit>(2), "
9752 "B<exit_group>(2), and signal deaths (except B<SIGKILL>), and when threads "
9753 "are torn down on B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process."
9757 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:849
9759 "The tracer cannot assume that the ptrace-stopped tracee exists. There are "
9760 "many scenarios when the tracee may die while stopped (such as B<SIGKILL>). "
9761 "Therefore, the tracer must be prepared to handle an B<ESRCH> error on any "
9762 "ptrace operation. Unfortunately, the same error is returned if the tracee "
9763 "exists but is not ptrace-stopped (for commands which require a stopped "
9764 "tracee), or if it is not traced by the process which issued the ptrace "
9765 "call. The tracer needs to keep track of the stopped/running state of the "
9766 "tracee, and interpret B<ESRCH> as \"tracee died unexpectedly\" only if it "
9767 "knows that the tracee has been observed to enter ptrace-stop. Note that "
9768 "there is no guarantee that I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> will reliably report the "
9769 "tracee's death status if a ptrace operation returned B<ESRCH>. "
9770 "I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> may return 0 instead. In other words, the tracee may be "
9771 "\"not yet fully dead\", but already refusing ptrace requests."
9775 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:863
9777 "The tracer can't assume that the tracee I<always> ends its life by reporting "
9778 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> or I<WIFSIGNALED(status)>; there are cases where this "
9779 "does not occur. For example, if a thread other than thread group leader "
9780 "does an B<execve>(2), it disappears; its PID will never be seen again, and "
9781 "any subsequent ptrace stops will be reported under the thread group leader's "
9786 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:863
9788 msgid "Stopped states"
9792 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:885
9794 "A tracee can be in two states: running or stopped. For the purposes of "
9795 "ptrace, a tracee which is blocked in a system call (such as B<read>(2), "
9796 "B<pause>(2), etc.) is nevertheless considered to be running, even if the "
9797 "tracee is blocked for a long time. The state of the tracee after "
9798 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> is somewhat of a gray area: it is not in any ptrace-stop "
9799 "(ptrace commands won't work on it, and it will deliver B<waitpid>(2) "
9800 "notifications), but it also may be considered \"stopped\" because it is not "
9801 "executing instructions (is not scheduled), and if it was in group-stop "
9802 "before B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, it will not respond to signals until B<SIGCONT> is "
9807 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:889
9809 "There are many kinds of states when the tracee is stopped, and in ptrace "
9810 "discussions they are often conflated. Therefore, it is important to use "
9815 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:900
9817 "In this manual page, any stopped state in which the tracee is ready to "
9818 "accept ptrace commands from the tracer is called I<ptrace-stop>. Ptrace-"
9819 "stops can be further subdivided into I<signal-delivery-stop>, I<group-stop>, "
9820 "I<syscall-stop>, and so on. These stopped states are described in detail "
9825 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:905
9827 "When the running tracee enters ptrace-stop, it notifies its tracer using "
9828 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the other \"wait\" system calls). Most of this "
9829 "manual page assumes that the tracer waits with:"
9833 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:907
9835 msgid " pid = waitpid(pid_or_minus_1, &status, __WALL);\n"
9839 #. Do we require __WALL usage, or will just using 0 be ok? (With 0,
9840 #. I am not 100% sure there aren't ugly corner cases.) Are the
9841 #. rules different if user wants to use waitid? Will waitid require
9844 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:919
9846 "Ptrace-stopped tracees are reported as returns with I<pid> greater than 0 "
9847 "and I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true."
9851 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:927
9853 "The B<__WALL> flag does not include the B<WSTOPPED> and B<WEXITED> flags, "
9854 "but implies their functionality."
9858 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:934
9860 "Setting the B<WCONTINUED> flag when calling B<waitpid>(2) is not "
9861 "recommended: the \"continued\" state is per-process and consuming it can "
9862 "confuse the real parent of the tracee."
9866 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:942
9868 "Use of the B<WNOHANG> flag may cause B<waitpid>(2) to return 0 (\"no wait "
9869 "results available yet\") even if the tracer knows there should be a "
9870 "notification. Example:"
9874 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:951
9878 " ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0L, 0L);\n"
9879 " if (errno == ESRCH) {\n"
9880 " /* tracee is dead */\n"
9881 " r = waitpid(tracee, &status, __WALL | WNOHANG);\n"
9882 " /* r can still be 0 here! */\n"
9887 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:974
9889 "The following kinds of ptrace-stops exist: signal-delivery-stops, group-"
9890 "stops, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops, syscall-stops. They all are reported by "
9891 "B<waitpid>(2) with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true. They may be differentiated "
9892 "by examining the value I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8>, and if there is ambiguity in "
9893 "that value, by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. (Note: the "
9894 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)> macro can't be used to perform this examination, because "
9895 "it returns the value I<(statusE<gt>E<gt>8)\\ &\\ 0xff>.)"
9899 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:974
9901 msgid "Signal-delivery-stop"
9905 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:994
9907 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives any signal except "
9908 "B<SIGKILL>, the kernel selects an arbitrary thread which handles the "
9909 "signal. (If the signal is generated with B<tgkill>(2), the target thread "
9910 "can be explicitly selected by the caller.) If the selected thread is "
9911 "traced, it enters signal-delivery-stop. At this point, the signal is not "
9912 "yet delivered to the process, and can be suppressed by the tracer. If the "
9913 "tracer doesn't suppress the signal, it passes the signal to the tracee in "
9914 "the next ptrace restart request. This second step of signal delivery is "
9915 "called I<signal injection> in this manual page. Note that if the signal is "
9916 "blocked, signal-delivery-stop doesn't happen until the signal is unblocked, "
9917 "with the usual exception that B<SIGSTOP> can't be blocked."
9921 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1008
9923 "Signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
9924 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the signal returned by "
9925 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)>. If the signal is B<SIGTRAP>, this may be a different "
9926 "kind of ptrace-stop; see the \"Syscall-stops\" and \"execve\" sections below "
9927 "for details. If I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns a stopping signal, this may be "
9928 "a group-stop; see below."
9932 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1008
9934 msgid "Signal injection and suppression"
9938 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1011
9940 "After signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer, the tracer should "
9941 "restart the tracee with the call"
9945 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1013
9947 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, sig)\n"
9951 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1026
9953 "where B<PTRACE_restart> is one of the restarting ptrace requests. If I<sig> "
9954 "is 0, then a signal is not delivered. Otherwise, the signal I<sig> is "
9955 "delivered. This operation is called I<signal injection> in this manual "
9956 "page, to distinguish it from signal-delivery-stop."
9960 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1032
9962 "The I<sig> value may be different from the I<WSTOPSIG(status)> value: the "
9963 "tracer can cause a different signal to be injected."
9967 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1048
9969 "Note that a suppressed signal still causes system calls to return "
9970 "prematurely. In this case, system calls will be restarted: the tracer will "
9971 "observe the tracee to reexecute the interrupted system call (or "
9972 "B<restart_syscall>(2) system call for a few system calls which use a "
9973 "different mechanism for restarting) if the tracer uses B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>. "
9974 "Even system calls (such as B<poll>(2)) which are not restartable after "
9975 "signal are restarted after signal is suppressed; however, kernel bugs exist "
9976 "which cause some system calls to fail with B<EINTR> even though no "
9977 "observable signal is injected to the tracee."
9981 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1059
9983 "Restarting ptrace commands issued in ptrace-stops other than signal-delivery-"
9984 "stop are not guaranteed to inject a signal, even if I<sig> is nonzero. No "
9985 "error is reported; a nonzero I<sig> may simply be ignored. Ptrace users "
9986 "should not try to \"create a new signal\" this way: use B<tgkill>(2) "
9991 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1066
9993 "The fact that signal injection requests may be ignored when restarting the "
9994 "tracee after ptrace stops that are not signal-delivery-stops is a cause of "
9995 "confusion among ptrace users. One typical scenario is that the tracer "
9996 "observes group-stop, mistakes it for signal-delivery-stop, restarts the "
10000 #. type: Plain text
10001 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1068
10003 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, stopsig)\n"
10006 #. type: Plain text
10007 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1074
10009 "with the intention of injecting I<stopsig>, but I<stopsig> gets ignored and "
10010 "the tracee continues to run."
10013 #. type: Plain text
10014 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1094
10016 "The B<SIGCONT> signal has a side effect of waking up (all threads of) a "
10017 "group-stopped process. This side effect happens before signal-delivery-"
10018 "stop. The tracer can't suppress this side effect (it can only suppress "
10019 "signal injection, which only causes the B<SIGCONT> handler to not be "
10020 "executed in the tracee, if such a handler is installed). In fact, waking up "
10021 "from group-stop may be followed by signal-delivery-stop for signal(s) "
10022 "I<other than> B<SIGCONT>, if they were pending when B<SIGCONT> was "
10023 "delivered. In other words, B<SIGCONT> may be not the first signal observed "
10024 "by the tracee after it was sent."
10027 #. type: Plain text
10028 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1098
10030 "Stopping signals cause (all threads of) a process to enter group-stop. This "
10031 "side effect happens after signal injection, and therefore can be suppressed "
10036 #. In the Linux 2.4 sources, in arch/i386/kernel/signal.c::do_signal(),
10038 #. /* The debugger continued. Ignore SIGSTOP. */
10039 #. if (signr == SIGSTOP)
10041 #. type: Plain text
10042 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1108
10043 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, the B<SIGSTOP> signal can't be injected."
10046 #. type: Plain text
10047 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1125
10049 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> can be used to retrieve a I<siginfo_t> structure which "
10050 "corresponds to the delivered signal. B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> may be used to "
10051 "modify it. If B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> has been used to alter I<siginfo_t>, the "
10052 "I<si_signo> field and the I<sig> parameter in the restarting command must "
10053 "match, otherwise the result is undefined."
10057 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1125
10062 #. type: Plain text
10063 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1137
10065 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a stopping signal, all "
10066 "threads stop. If some threads are traced, they enter a group-stop. Note "
10067 "that the stopping signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
10068 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
10069 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will group-stop be initiated on "
10070 "I<all> tracees within the multithreaded process. As usual, every tracee "
10071 "reports its group-stop separately to the corresponding tracer."
10074 #. type: Plain text
10075 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1146
10077 "Group-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning with "
10078 "I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the stopping signal available via "
10079 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)>. The same result is returned by some other classes of "
10080 "ptrace-stops, therefore the recommended practice is to perform the call"
10083 #. type: Plain text
10084 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1148
10086 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo)\n"
10089 #. type: Plain text
10090 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1169
10092 "The call can be avoided if the signal is not B<SIGSTOP>, B<SIGTSTP>, "
10093 "B<SIGTTIN>, or B<SIGTTOU>; only these four signals are stopping signals. If "
10094 "the tracer sees something else, it can't be a group-stop. Otherwise, the "
10095 "tracer needs to call B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. If B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> fails "
10096 "with B<EINVAL>, then it is definitely a group-stop. (Other failure codes "
10097 "are possible, such as B<ESRCH> (\"no such process\") if a B<SIGKILL> killed "
10101 #. type: Plain text
10102 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1179
10104 "If tracee was attached using B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, group-stop is indicated by "
10105 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>: I<statusE<gt>E<gt>16 == PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. This "
10106 "allows detection of group-stops without requiring an extra "
10107 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> call."
10110 #. type: Plain text
10111 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1188
10113 "As of Linux 2.6.38, after the tracer sees the tracee ptrace-stop and until "
10114 "it restarts or kills it, the tracee will not run, and will not send "
10115 "notifications (except B<SIGKILL> death) to the tracer, even if the tracer "
10116 "enters into another B<waitpid>(2) call."
10119 #. type: Plain text
10120 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1202
10122 "The kernel behavior described in the previous paragraph causes a problem "
10123 "with transparent handling of stopping signals. If the tracer restarts the "
10124 "tracee after group-stop, the stopping signal is effectively ignored\\(emthe "
10125 "tracee doesn't remain stopped, it runs. If the tracer doesn't restart the "
10126 "tracee before entering into the next B<waitpid>(2), future B<SIGCONT> "
10127 "signals will not be reported to the tracer; this would cause the B<SIGCONT> "
10128 "signals to have no effect on the tracee."
10131 #. type: Plain text
10132 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1213
10134 "Since Linux 3.4, there is a method to overcome this problem: instead of "
10135 "B<PTRACE_CONT>, a B<PTRACE_LISTEN> command can be used to restart a tracee "
10136 "in a way where it does not execute, but waits for a new event which it can "
10137 "report via B<waitpid>(2) (such as when it is restarted by a B<SIGCONT>)."
10141 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1213
10143 msgid "PTRACE_EVENT stops"
10146 #. type: Plain text
10147 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1219
10149 "If the tracer sets B<PTRACE_O_TRACE_*> options, the tracee will enter ptrace-"
10150 "stops called B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops."
10153 #. type: Plain text
10154 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1233
10156 "B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops are observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
10157 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)>, and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns B<SIGTRAP>. An "
10158 "additional bit is set in the higher byte of the status word: the value "
10159 "I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8> will be"
10162 #. type: Plain text
10163 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1235
10165 msgid " (SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_foo E<lt>E<lt> 8).\n"
10168 #. type: Plain text
10169 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1237
10170 msgid "The following events exist:"
10174 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1237
10176 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
10177 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
10179 #. type: Plain text
10180 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1250
10182 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
10183 "flag. When the tracee is continued after this stop, it will wait for child "
10184 "to exit/exec before continuing its execution (in other words, the usual "
10185 "behavior on B<vfork>(2))."
10189 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1250
10191 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
10192 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
10194 #. type: Plain text
10195 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1258
10197 "Stop before return from B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set "
10202 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1258
10204 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
10205 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
10207 #. type: Plain text
10208 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1262
10209 msgid "Stop before return from B<clone>(2)."
10213 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1262
10215 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
10216 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
10218 #. type: Plain text
10219 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1272
10221 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
10222 "flag, but after the child unblocked this tracee by exiting or execing."
10225 #. type: Plain text
10226 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1278
10228 "For all four stops described above, the stop occurs in the parent (i.e., the "
10229 "tracee), not in the newly created thread. B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> can be used "
10230 "to retrieve the new thread's ID."
10234 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1278
10236 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
10237 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
10239 #. type: Plain text
10240 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1285
10242 "Stop before return from B<execve>(2). Since Linux 3.0, "
10243 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the former thread ID."
10247 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1285
10249 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
10250 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
10252 #. type: Plain text
10253 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1301
10255 "Stop before exit (including death from B<exit_group>(2)), signal death, or "
10256 "exit caused by B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process. "
10257 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the exit status. Registers can be examined "
10258 "(unlike when \"real\" exit happens). The tracee is still alive; it needs to "
10259 "be B<PTRACE_CONT>ed or B<PTRACE_DETACH>ed to finish exiting."
10263 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1301
10265 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
10266 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
10268 #. type: Plain text
10269 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1313
10271 "Stop induced by B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command, or group-stop, or initial "
10272 "ptrace-stop when a new child is attached (only if attached using "
10273 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE>), or B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used."
10276 #. type: Plain text
10277 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1325
10279 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in "
10280 "I<si_signo>, with I<si_code> set to I<(eventE<lt>E<lt>8)\\ |\\ SIGTRAP>."
10284 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1325
10286 msgid "Syscall-stops"
10289 #. type: Plain text
10290 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1338
10292 "If the tracee was restarted by B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-"
10293 "enter-stop just prior to entering any system call. If the tracer restarts "
10294 "the tracee with B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-exit-stop when "
10295 "the system call is finished, or if it is interrupted by a signal. (That is, "
10296 "signal-delivery-stop never happens between syscall-enter-stop and syscall-"
10297 "exit-stop; it happens I<after> syscall-exit-stop.)"
10300 #. type: Plain text
10301 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1352
10303 "Other possibilities are that the tracee may stop in a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, "
10304 "exit (if it entered B<_exit>(2) or B<exit_group>(2)), be killed by "
10305 "B<SIGKILL>, or die silently (if it is a thread group leader, the "
10306 "B<execve>(2) happened in another thread, and that thread is not traced by "
10307 "the same tracer; this situation is discussed later)."
10310 #. type: Plain text
10311 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1367
10313 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are observed by the tracer as "
10314 "B<waitpid>(2) returning with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, and "
10315 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)> giving B<SIGTRAP>. If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
10316 "option was set by the tracer, then I<WSTOPSIG(status)> will give the value "
10317 "I<(SIGTRAP\\ |\\ 0x80)>."
10320 #. type: Plain text
10321 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1373
10323 "Syscall-stops can be distinguished from signal-delivery-stop with B<SIGTRAP> "
10324 "by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for the following cases:"
10328 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1373
10330 msgid "I<si_code> E<lt>= 0"
10333 #. type: Plain text
10334 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1385
10336 "B<SIGTRAP> was delivered as a result of a user-space action, for example, a "
10337 "system call (B<tgkill>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), etc.), expiration of "
10338 "a POSIX timer, change of state on a POSIX message queue, or completion of an "
10339 "asynchronous I/O request."
10343 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1385
10345 msgid "I<si_code> == SI_KERNEL (0x80)"
10348 #. type: Plain text
10349 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1389
10350 msgid "B<SIGTRAP> was sent by the kernel."
10354 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1389
10356 msgid "I<si_code> == SIGTRAP or I<si_code> == (SIGTRAP|0x80)"
10359 #. type: Plain text
10360 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1392
10361 msgid "This is a syscall-stop."
10364 #. type: Plain text
10365 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1397
10367 "However, syscall-stops happen very often (twice per system call), and "
10368 "performing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for every syscall-stop may be somewhat "
10372 #. type: Plain text
10373 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1420
10375 "Some architectures allow the cases to be distinguished by examining "
10376 "registers. For example, on x86, I<rax> == -B<ENOSYS> in syscall-enter-"
10377 "stop. Since B<SIGTRAP> (like any other signal) always happens I<after> "
10378 "syscall-exit-stop, and at this point I<rax> almost never contains -"
10379 "B<ENOSYS>, the B<SIGTRAP> looks like \"syscall-stop which is not syscall-"
10380 "enter-stop\"; in other words, it looks like a \"stray syscall-exit-stop\" "
10381 "and can be detected this way. But such detection is fragile and is best "
10385 #. type: Plain text
10386 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1426
10388 "Using the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option is the recommended method to "
10389 "distinguish syscall-stops from other kinds of ptrace-stops, since it is "
10390 "reliable and does not incur a performance penalty."
10393 #. type: Plain text
10394 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1437
10396 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are indistinguishable from each "
10397 "other by the tracer. The tracer needs to keep track of the sequence of "
10398 "ptrace-stops in order to not misinterpret syscall-enter-stop as syscall-exit-"
10399 "stop or vice versa. The rule is that syscall-enter-stop is always followed "
10400 "by syscall-exit-stop, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop or the tracee's death; no other "
10401 "kinds of ptrace-stop can occur in between."
10404 #. type: Plain text
10405 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1442
10407 "If after syscall-enter-stop, the tracer uses a restarting command other than "
10408 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, syscall-exit-stop is not generated."
10411 #. type: Plain text
10412 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1454
10414 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on syscall-stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in I<si_signo>, "
10415 "with I<si_code> set to B<SIGTRAP> or I<(SIGTRAP|0x80)>."
10419 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1454
10421 msgid "PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU, PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP stops"
10426 #. document stops occurring with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU,
10427 #. PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP
10428 #. type: Plain text
10429 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1460
10430 msgid "[Details of these kinds of stops are yet to be documented.]"
10434 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1460
10436 msgid "Informational and restarting ptrace commands"
10439 #. type: Plain text
10440 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1470
10442 "Most ptrace commands (all except B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, "
10443 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and B<PTRACE_KILL>) require the "
10444 "tracee to be in a ptrace-stop, otherwise they fail with B<ESRCH>."
10447 #. type: Plain text
10448 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1475
10450 "When the tracee is in ptrace-stop, the tracer can read and write data to the "
10451 "tracee using informational commands. These commands leave the tracee in "
10452 "ptrace-stopped state:"
10455 #. type: Plain text
10456 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1487
10459 " ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT/PEEKDATA/PEEKUSER, pid, addr, 0);\n"
10460 " ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT/POKEDATA/POKEUSER, pid, addr, long_val);\n"
10461 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS/GETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
10462 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS/SETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
10463 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
10464 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
10465 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
10466 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
10467 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, 0, &long_var);\n"
10468 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
10471 #. type: Plain text
10472 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1499
10474 "Note that some errors are not reported. For example, setting signal "
10475 "information (I<siginfo>) may have no effect in some ptrace-stops, yet the "
10476 "call may succeed (return 0 and not set I<errno>); querying "
10477 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> may succeed and return some random value if current "
10478 "ptrace-stop is not documented as returning a meaningful event message."
10481 #. type: Plain text
10482 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1501
10486 #. type: Plain text
10487 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1503
10489 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
10492 #. type: Plain text
10493 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1512
10495 "affects one tracee. The tracee's current flags are replaced. Flags are "
10496 "inherited by new tracees created and \"auto-attached\" via active "
10497 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> "
10501 #. type: Plain text
10502 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1515
10504 "Another group of commands makes the ptrace-stopped tracee run. They have "
10508 #. type: Plain text
10509 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1517
10511 msgid " ptrace(cmd, pid, 0, sig);\n"
10514 #. type: Plain text
10515 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1538
10517 "where I<cmd> is B<PTRACE_CONT>, B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, B<PTRACE_DETACH>, "
10518 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, or "
10519 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, "
10520 "I<sig> is the signal to be injected (if it is nonzero). Otherwise, I<sig> "
10521 "may be ignored. (When restarting a tracee from a ptrace-stop other than "
10522 "signal-delivery-stop, recommended practice is to always pass 0 in I<sig>.)"
10526 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1538
10528 msgid "Attaching and detaching"
10531 #. type: Plain text
10532 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1540
10533 msgid "A thread can be attached to the tracer using the call"
10536 #. type: Plain text
10537 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1542
10539 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0);\n"
10542 #. type: Plain text
10543 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1544 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2046
10547 #. type: Plain text
10548 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1546
10550 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
10554 #. FIXME . Describe how to attach to a thread which is already group-stopped.
10555 #. type: Plain text
10556 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1570
10558 "B<PTRACE_ATTACH> sends B<SIGSTOP> to this thread. If the tracer wants this "
10559 "B<SIGSTOP> to have no effect, it needs to suppress it. Note that if other "
10560 "signals are concurrently sent to this thread during attach, the tracer may "
10561 "see the tracee enter signal-delivery-stop with other signal(s) first! The "
10562 "usual practice is to reinject these signals until B<SIGSTOP> is seen, then "
10563 "suppress B<SIGSTOP> injection. The design bug here is that a ptrace attach "
10564 "and a concurrently delivered B<SIGSTOP> may race and the concurrent "
10565 "B<SIGSTOP> may be lost."
10568 #. type: Plain text
10569 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1577
10571 "Since attaching sends B<SIGSTOP> and the tracer usually suppresses it, this "
10572 "may cause a stray B<EINTR> return from the currently executing system call "
10573 "in the tracee, as described in the \"Signal injection and suppression\" "
10577 #. type: Plain text
10578 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1589
10580 "Since Linux 3.4, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> can be used instead of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>. "
10581 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the attached process. If you need to stop it "
10582 "after attach (or at any other time) without sending it any signals, use "
10583 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
10586 #. type: Plain text
10587 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1591
10588 msgid "The request"
10591 #. type: Plain text
10592 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1593
10594 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0);\n"
10597 #. type: Plain text
10598 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1599
10600 "turns the calling thread into a tracee. The thread continues to run "
10601 "(doesn't enter ptrace-stop). A common practice is to follow the "
10602 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> with"
10605 #. type: Plain text
10606 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1601
10608 msgid " raise(SIGSTOP);\n"
10611 #. type: Plain text
10612 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1604
10614 "and allow the parent (which is our tracer now) to observe our signal-"
10618 #. type: Plain text
10619 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1628
10621 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or "
10622 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> options are in effect, then children created by, "
10623 "respectively, B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, "
10624 "B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, and "
10625 "other kinds of B<clone>(2), are automatically attached to the same tracer "
10626 "which traced their parent. B<SIGSTOP> is delivered to the children, causing "
10627 "them to enter signal-delivery-stop after they exit the system call which "
10631 #. type: Plain text
10632 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1630
10633 msgid "Detaching of the tracee is performed by:"
10636 #. type: Plain text
10637 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1632
10639 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, sig);\n"
10642 #. type: Plain text
10643 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1640
10645 "B<PTRACE_DETACH> is a restarting operation; therefore it requires the tracee "
10646 "to be in ptrace-stop. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, a signal "
10647 "can be injected. Otherwise, the I<sig> parameter may be silently ignored."
10650 #. FIXME . Describe how to detach from a group-stopped tracee so that it
10651 #. doesn't run, but continues to wait for SIGCONT.
10652 #. type: Plain text
10653 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1664
10655 "If the tracee is running when the tracer wants to detach it, the usual "
10656 "solution is to send B<SIGSTOP> (using B<tgkill>(2), to make sure it goes to "
10657 "the correct thread), wait for the tracee to stop in signal-delivery-stop for "
10658 "B<SIGSTOP> and then detach it (suppressing B<SIGSTOP> injection). A design "
10659 "bug is that this can race with concurrent B<SIGSTOP>s. Another complication "
10660 "is that the tracee may enter other ptrace-stops and needs to be restarted "
10661 "and waited for again, until B<SIGSTOP> is seen. Yet another complication is "
10662 "to be sure that the tracee is not already ptrace-stopped, because no signal "
10663 "delivery happens while it is\\(emnot even B<SIGSTOP>."
10666 #. type: Plain text
10667 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1672
10669 "If the tracer dies, all tracees are automatically detached and restarted, "
10670 "unless they were in group-stop. Handling of restart from group-stop is "
10671 "currently buggy, but the \"as planned\" behavior is to leave tracee stopped "
10672 "and waiting for B<SIGCONT>. If the tracee is restarted from signal-delivery-"
10673 "stop, the pending signal is injected."
10677 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1672
10679 msgid "execve(2) under ptrace"
10683 #. clone(2) CLONE_THREAD says:
10684 #. If any of the threads in a thread group performs an execve(2),
10685 #. then all threads other than the thread group leader are terminated,
10686 #. and the new program is executed in the thread group leader.
10687 #. In kernel 3.1 sources, see fs/exec.c::de_thread()
10688 #. type: Plain text
10689 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1691
10691 "When one thread in a multithreaded process calls B<execve>(2), the kernel "
10692 "destroys all other threads in the process, and resets the thread ID of the "
10693 "execing thread to the thread group ID (process ID). (Or, to put things "
10694 "another way, when a multithreaded process does an B<execve>(2), at "
10695 "completion of the call, it appears as though the B<execve>(2) occurred in "
10696 "the thread group leader, regardless of which thread did the B<execve>(2).) "
10697 "This resetting of the thread ID looks very confusing to tracers:"
10700 #. type: Plain text
10701 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1701
10703 "All other threads stop in B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop, if the "
10704 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option was turned on. Then all other threads except "
10705 "the thread group leader report death as if they exited via B<_exit>(2) with "
10709 #. type: Plain text
10710 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1709
10712 "The execing tracee changes its thread ID while it is in the B<execve>(2). "
10713 "(Remember, under ptrace, the \"pid\" returned from B<waitpid>(2), or fed "
10714 "into ptrace calls, is the tracee's thread ID.) That is, the tracee's thread "
10715 "ID is reset to be the same as its process ID, which is the same as the "
10716 "thread group leader's thread ID."
10719 #. type: Plain text
10720 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1715
10722 "Then a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop happens, if the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
10723 "option was turned on."
10726 #. type: Plain text
10727 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1736
10729 "If the thread group leader has reported its B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop by "
10730 "this time, it appears to the tracer that the dead thread leader \"reappears "
10731 "from nowhere\". (Note: the thread group leader does not report death via "
10732 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> until there is at least one other live thread. This "
10733 "eliminates the possibility that the tracer will see it dying and then "
10734 "reappearing.) If the thread group leader was still alive, for the tracer "
10735 "this may look as if thread group leader returns from a different system call "
10736 "than it entered, or even \"returned from a system call even though it was "
10737 "not in any system call\". If the thread group leader was not traced (or was "
10738 "traced by a different tracer), then during B<execve>(2) it will appear as "
10739 "if it has become a tracee of the tracer of the execing tracee."
10742 #. type: Plain text
10743 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1739
10745 "All of the above effects are the artifacts of the thread ID change in the "
10749 #. type: Plain text
10750 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1759
10752 "The B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is the recommended tool for dealing with "
10753 "this situation. First, it enables B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop, which occurs "
10754 "before B<execve>(2) returns. In this stop, the tracer can use "
10755 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> to retrieve the tracee's former thread ID. (This "
10756 "feature was introduced in Linux 3.0). Second, the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
10757 "option disables legacy B<SIGTRAP> generation on B<execve>(2)."
10760 #. type: Plain text
10761 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1765
10763 "When the tracer receives B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, it is "
10764 "guaranteed that except this tracee and the thread group leader, no other "
10765 "threads from the process are alive."
10768 #. type: Plain text
10769 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1773
10771 "On receiving the B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, the tracer should "
10772 "clean up all its internal data structures describing the threads of this "
10773 "process, and retain only one data structure\\(emone which describes the "
10774 "single still running tracee, with"
10777 #. type: Plain text
10778 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1775
10780 msgid " thread ID == thread group ID == process ID.\n"
10783 #. type: Plain text
10784 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1779
10785 msgid "Example: two threads call B<execve>(2) at the same time:"
10788 #. type: Plain text
10789 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1790
10792 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 1: **\n"
10793 "PID1 execve(\"/bin/foo\", \"foo\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
10794 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 1 **\n"
10795 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 2: **\n"
10796 "PID2 execve(\"/bin/bar\", \"bar\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
10797 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 2 **\n"
10798 "*** we get PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC for PID0, we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL **\n"
10799 "*** we get syscall-exit-stop for PID0: **\n"
10800 "PID0 E<lt>... execve resumedE<gt> ) = 0\n"
10803 #. type: Plain text
10804 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1813
10806 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is I<not> in effect for the execing "
10807 "tracee, the kernel delivers an extra B<SIGTRAP> to the tracee after "
10808 "B<execve>(2) returns. This is an ordinary signal (similar to one which can "
10809 "be generated by I<kill -TRAP>), not a special kind of ptrace-stop. "
10810 "Employing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for this signal returns I<si_code> set to 0 "
10811 "(I<SI_USER>). This signal may be blocked by signal mask, and thus may be "
10812 "delivered (much) later."
10815 #. type: Plain text
10816 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1832
10818 "Usually, the tracer (for example, B<strace>(1)) would not want to show this "
10819 "extra post-execve B<SIGTRAP> signal to the user, and would suppress its "
10820 "delivery to the tracee (if B<SIGTRAP> is set to B<SIG_DFL>, it is a killing "
10821 "signal). However, determining I<which> B<SIGTRAP> to suppress is not easy. "
10822 "Setting the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option and thus suppressing this extra "
10823 "B<SIGTRAP> is the recommended approach."
10827 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1832
10829 msgid "Real parent"
10832 #. type: Plain text
10833 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1839
10835 "The ptrace API (ab)uses the standard UNIX parent/child signaling over "
10836 "B<waitpid>(2). This used to cause the real parent of the process to stop "
10837 "receiving several kinds of B<waitpid>(2) notifications when the child "
10838 "process is traced by some other process."
10841 #. type: Plain text
10842 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1842
10844 "Many of these bugs have been fixed, but as of Linux 2.6.38 several still "
10845 "exist; see BUGS below."
10848 #. type: Plain text
10849 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1844
10850 msgid "As of Linux 2.6.38, the following is believed to work correctly:"
10853 #. type: Plain text
10854 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1852
10856 "exit/death by signal is reported first to the tracer, then, when the tracer "
10857 "consumes the B<waitpid>(2) result, to the real parent (to the real parent "
10858 "only when the whole multithreaded process exits). If the tracer and the "
10859 "real parent are the same process, the report is sent only once."
10862 #. type: Plain text
10863 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1857
10865 "On success, the B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data (but see "
10866 "NOTES), while other requests return zero."
10869 #. type: Plain text
10870 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1867
10873 #| "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while "
10874 #| "other requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and "
10875 #| "I<errno> is set appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful "
10876 #| "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the caller must check I<errno> after "
10877 #| "such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred."
10879 "On error, all requests return -1, and I<errno> is set appropriately. Since "
10880 "the value returned by a successful B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the "
10881 "caller must clear I<errno> before the call, and then check it afterward to "
10882 "determine whether or not an error occurred."
10884 "成功すると、 B<PTRACE_PEEK*> の場合は要求したデータを返し、 それ以外の場合は "
10885 "0 を返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。 "
10886 "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> が成功して返す値も -1 になることがあるため、 そのような要求"
10887 "の場合には、呼び出し元は I<errno> を調べ、エラーか発生したのかどうかを判断し"
10890 #. type: Plain text
10891 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1871
10893 "(i386 only) There was an error with allocating or freeing a debug register."
10894 msgstr "(i386 のみ) デバッグレジスタの確保または解放でエラーが発生した。"
10896 #. type: Plain text
10897 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1882
10900 #| "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
10901 #| "parent's or child's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
10902 #| "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this "
10903 #| "fault will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
10905 "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
10906 "tracer's or the tracee's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
10907 "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this fault "
10908 "will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
10910 "親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの不正な領域に読み書きしようとした。 おそら"
10911 "くその領域がマッピングされていないか、 その領域へのアクセスが許されていないか"
10912 "である。 不運なことに、Linux ではこのようなエラーの場合、多かれ少なかれ 恣意"
10913 "的に B<EIO> を返したり B<EFAULT> を返したりすることがある。"
10915 #. type: Plain text
10916 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1885
10917 msgid "An attempt was made to set an invalid option."
10918 msgstr "不正なオプションを設定しようとした。"
10920 #. type: Plain text
10921 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1892
10924 #| "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
10925 #| "invalid area in the parent's or child's memory, or there was a word-"
10926 #| "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
10929 "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
10930 "invalid area in the tracer's or the tracee's memory, or there was a word-"
10931 "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
10934 "I<request> が不正である。 または、親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの 不正な"
10935 "領域に読み書きしようとした。 または、ワード境界違反があった。 または、実行再"
10936 "開の要求で不正なシグナルを指定した。"
10938 #. type: Plain text
10939 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1905
10942 #| "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the parent "
10943 #| "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is "
10944 #| "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that "
10945 #| "they cannot send signals to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID "
10946 #| "programs, for obvious reasons. Alternatively, the process may already be "
10947 #| "being traced, or be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
10949 "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the tracer "
10950 "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); "
10951 "unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that they cannot send signals "
10952 "to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID programs, for obvious reasons. "
10953 "Alternatively, the process may already be being traced, or (on kernels "
10954 "before 2.6.26) be B<init>(1) (PID 1)."
10956 "指定したプロセスをトレースすることができない。これは親プロセスが 必要な権限 "
10957 "(必要なケーパビリティは B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>) を持っていないことが原因の場合が"
10958 "ある。 分かりやすい理由を挙げるなら、 非特権プロセスはシグナルを送ることがで"
10959 "きないプロセスをトレースできないし、 set-user-ID/set-group-ID プログラムを実"
10960 "行しているプロセスはトレースできない。 または、プロセスはすでにトレース中であ"
10961 "る、 または B<init>(8) プロセス (PID が 1) である。"
10963 #. type: Plain text
10964 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1910
10967 #| "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
10968 #| "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require that)."
10970 "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
10971 "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require a stopped tracee)."
10973 "指定したプロセスが存在しない。 または、指定したプロセスは呼び出したプロセス"
10974 "が 現在トレース中の子プロセスではない。 または、指定したプロセスが停止してい"
10975 "ない (停止していることが必要な要求の場合)。"
10977 #. type: Plain text
10978 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1912
10979 msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
10980 msgstr "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
10982 #. type: Plain text
10983 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1927
10986 #| "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
10987 #| "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
10988 #| "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. This means that "
10989 #| "unneeded trailing arguments may be omitted, though doing so makes use of "
10990 #| "undocumented B<gcc>(1) behavior."
10992 "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
10993 "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
10994 "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. It is recommended to "
10995 "always supply four arguments, even if the requested operation does not use "
10996 "them, setting unused/ignored arguments to I<0L> or I<(void\\ *)\\ 0>."
10998 "B<ptrace>() の引き数は上のようなプロトタイプに基づいて解釈されるが、 glibc "
10999 "では、現在のところ B<ptrace>() は I<request> 引き数だけが固定の可変長引き数"
11000 "関数として 宣言されている。 これは必要なければ残りの引き数は省略可能であるこ"
11001 "とを意味するが、 それは B<gcc>(1) の明文化されていない動作を利用していること"
11004 #. See commit 00cd5c37afd5f431ac186dd131705048c0a11fdb
11005 #. type: Plain text
11006 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1932
11008 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.26, B<init>(1), the process with PID 1, may not "
11010 msgstr "バージョン 2.6.26 より前の Linux カーネルでは、 B<init>(1) すなわち PID が 1 のプロセスはトレースすることができない。"
11012 #. See http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375
11013 #. type: Plain text
11014 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1939
11016 "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite operating-"
11017 "system- and architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data "
11018 "returned, might not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
11020 "メモリや USER 領域の内容や配置はオペレーティングシステムごと、アーキテクチャ"
11021 "ごとに 非常に依存する。 オフセットが指定された場合、返されるデータは "
11022 "I<struct user> の定義と完全に一致しないこともありえる。"
11024 #. type: Plain text
11025 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1942
11027 "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the operating-system variant (e.g., "
11028 "for 32-bit Linux it is 32 bits)."
11030 "「ワード (word) 」の大きさはオペレーティングシステムによって決まる。 (例え"
11031 "ば、32 ビットの Linux では 32 ビットである、など。)"
11033 #. type: Plain text
11034 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1950
11036 "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in Linux. "
11037 "Its behavior differs significantly on other flavors of UNIX. In any case, "
11038 "use of B<ptrace>() is highly specific to the operating system and "
11041 "このマニュアルは現在の Linux における B<ptrace>() コールの動作について記述し"
11042 "ている。他の UNIX では その動作は著しく異なる。 いかなる場合も B<ptrace>() "
11043 "を使うとオペレーションシステムやアーキテクチャに非常に依存したものになる。"
11046 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1950
11048 msgid "C library/kernel ABI differences"
11049 msgstr "C ライブラリとカーネル ABI の違い"
11051 #. type: Plain text
11052 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1962
11054 "At the system call level, the B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, and "
11055 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER> requests have a different API: they store the result at "
11056 "the address specified by the I<data> parameter, and the return value is the "
11057 "error flag. The glibc wrapper function provides the API given in "
11058 "DESCRIPTION above, with the result being returned via the function return "
11062 #. type: Plain text
11063 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1973
11065 "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
11066 "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications compiled "
11067 "with 2.6 kernel headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be worked "
11068 "around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if "
11071 "カーネル 2.6 のヘッダがインストールされたホストでは、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> は"
11072 "カーネル 2.4 のヘッダとは異なる値で宣言される。 このため、カーネル 2.6 のヘッ"
11073 "ダでコンパイルされたアプリケーションは カーネル 2.4 では正しく動作しない。 こ"
11074 "の問題は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> が定義されていた際は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> "
11075 "を B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS> に定義し直すことで対処できる。"
11077 #. type: Plain text
11078 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1976
11080 "Group-stop notifications are sent to the tracer, but not to real parent. "
11081 "Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
11084 #. Note from Denys Vlasenko:
11085 #. Here "exits" means any kind of death - _exit, exit_group,
11086 #. signal death. Signal death and exit_group cases are trivial,
11087 #. though: since signal death and exit_group kill all other threads
11088 #. too, "until all other threads exit" thing happens rather soon
11089 #. in these cases. Therefore, only _exit presents observably
11090 #. puzzling behavior to ptrace users: thread leader _exit's,
11091 #. but WIFEXITED isn't reported! We are trying to explain here
11093 #. FIXME . need to test/verify this scenario
11094 #. type: Plain text
11095 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2007
11097 "If a thread group leader is traced and exits by calling B<_exit>(2), a "
11098 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop will happen for it (if requested), but the "
11099 "subsequent B<WIFEXITED> notification will not be delivered until all other "
11100 "threads exit. As explained above, if one of other threads calls "
11101 "B<execve>(2), the death of the thread group leader will I<never> be "
11102 "reported. If the execed thread is not traced by this tracer, the tracer "
11103 "will never know that B<execve>(2) happened. One possible workaround is to "
11104 "B<PTRACE_DETACH> the thread group leader instead of restarting it in this "
11105 "case. Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
11108 #. type: Plain text
11109 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2017
11111 "A B<SIGKILL> signal may still cause a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop before "
11112 "actual signal death. This may be changed in the future; B<SIGKILL> is meant "
11113 "to always immediately kill tasks even under ptrace. Last confirmed on "
11117 #. type: Plain text
11118 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2035
11120 "Some system calls return with B<EINTR> if a signal was sent to a tracee, but "
11121 "delivery was suppressed by the tracer. (This is very typical operation: it "
11122 "is usually done by debuggers on every attach, in order to not introduce a "
11123 "bogus B<SIGSTOP>). As of Linux 3.2.9, the following system calls are "
11124 "affected (this list is likely incomplete): B<epoll_wait>(2), and B<read>(2) "
11125 "from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor. The usual symptom of this bug is "
11126 "that when you attach to a quiescent process with the command"
11129 #. type: Plain text
11130 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2037
11132 msgid " strace -p E<lt>process-IDE<gt>\n"
11135 #. type: Plain text
11136 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2040
11137 msgid "then, instead of the usual and expected one-line output such as"
11140 #. type: Plain text
11141 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2043
11143 msgid " restart_syscall(E<lt>... resuming interrupted call ...E<gt>_\n"
11146 #. type: Plain text
11147 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2049
11149 msgid " select(6, [5], NULL, [5], NULL_\n"
11152 #. type: Plain text
11153 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2053
11155 "('_' denotes the cursor position), you observe more than one line. For "
11159 #. type: Plain text
11160 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2057
11163 " clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, {15370, 690928118}) = 0\n"
11164 " epoll_wait(4,_\n"
11167 #. type: Plain text
11168 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2078
11170 "What is not visible here is that the process was blocked in "
11171 "B<epoll_wait>(2) before B<strace>(1) has attached to it. Attaching caused "
11172 "B<epoll_wait>(2) to return to user space with the error B<EINTR>. In this "
11173 "particular case, the program reacted to B<EINTR> by checking the current "
11174 "time, and then executing B<epoll_wait>(2) again. (Programs which do not "
11175 "expect such \"stray\" B<EINTR> errors may behave in an unintended way upon "
11176 "an B<strace>(1) attach.)"
11179 #. type: Plain text
11180 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2092
11182 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), "
11183 "B<gettid>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), B<waitpid>(2), "
11184 "B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
11186 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2),\n"
11187 "B<gettid>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2),\n"
11188 "B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
11191 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
11197 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
11200 msgstr "2010-06-16"
11202 #. type: Plain text
11203 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30
11204 msgid "quotactl - manipulate disk quotas"
11205 msgstr "quotactl - ディスク quota を操作する"
11207 #. type: Plain text
11208 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:34
11211 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
11212 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
11214 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
11215 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
11217 #. type: Plain text
11218 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:37
11220 msgid "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
11221 msgstr "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
11223 #. type: Plain text
11224 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:49
11227 #| "The quota system defines for each user and/or group a soft limit and a "
11228 #| "hard limit bounding the amount of disk space that can be used on a given "
11229 #| "file system. The hard limit cannot be crossed. The soft limit can be "
11230 #| "crossed, but warnings will ensue. Moreover, the user cannot be above the "
11231 #| "soft limit for more than one week (by default) at a time: after this "
11232 #| "week the soft limit counts as hard limit."
11234 "The quota system can be used to set per-user and per-group limits on the "
11235 "amount of disk space used on a filesystem. For each user and/or group, a "
11236 "soft limit and a hard limit can be set for each filesystem. The hard limit "
11237 "can't be exceeded. The soft limit can be exceeded, but warnings will "
11238 "ensue. Moreover, the user can't exceed the soft limit for more than one "
11239 "week (by default) at a time; after this time, the soft limit counts as a "
11242 "quota システムは、各々のユーザ及び/またはグループに対して、 ソフト・リミット"
11243 "及びハード・リミットを定める。これはあるファイル・システムで 使用する事が出来"
11244 "るディスク容量を制限する。 ハード・リミットは超過することは出来ない。 ソフ"
11245 "ト・リミットは超過する事が出来るが、警告が発せられる。 更に、(デフォルトで"
11246 "は) 一週間以上ソフト・リミットを超過したままに しておく事はできない: 一週間経"
11247 "過した後はハード・リミットを超過したと みなされる。"
11249 #. type: Plain text
11250 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:74
11253 #| "The B<quotactl>() system call manipulates these quota. Its first "
11254 #| "argument is of the form B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> where I<type> is "
11255 #| "either B<USRQUOTA> or B<GRPQUOTA> (for user quota and group quota, "
11256 #| "respectively), and I<subcmd> is described below."
11258 "The B<quotactl>() call manipulates disk quotas. The I<cmd> argument "
11259 "indicates a command to be applied to the user or group ID specified in "
11260 "I<id>. To initialize the I<cmd> argument, use the I<QCMD(subcmd, type)> "
11261 "macro. The I<type> value is either B<USRQUOTA>, for user quotas, or "
11262 "B<GRPQUOTA>, for group quotas. The I<subcmd> value is described below."
11264 "B<quotactl>() システムコールはこれらの quota に対する操作を行なう。 最初の引"
11265 "き数は B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> という形式である。 I<type> には、ユー"
11266 "ザー quota については B<USRQUOTA> を、グループ quota については B<GRPQUOTA> "
11267 "を指定する。 I<subcmd> は以下で説明する。"
11269 #. type: Plain text
11270 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:79
11272 "The I<special> argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing "
11273 "the pathname of the (mounted) block special device for the filesystem being "
11277 #. type: Plain text
11278 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:87
11280 "The I<addr> argument is the address of an optional, command-specific, data "
11281 "structure that is copied in or out of the system. The interpretation of "
11282 "I<addr> is given with each command below."
11285 #. type: Plain text
11286 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
11287 msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
11288 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
11291 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
11293 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
11294 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
11296 #. type: Plain text
11297 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:98
11299 "Turn on quotas for a filesystem. The I<id> argument is the identification "
11300 "number of the quota format to be used. Currently, there are three supported "
11305 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:99
11307 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_OLD>"
11310 #. type: Plain text
11311 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
11312 msgid "The original quota format."
11316 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
11318 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V0>"
11321 #. type: Plain text
11322 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
11324 "The standard VFS v0 quota format, which can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and "
11325 "quota limits up to 2^42 bytes and 2^32 inodes."
11329 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
11331 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V1>"
11334 #. type: Plain text
11335 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:110
11337 "A quota format that can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and quota limits of 2^64 "
11338 "bytes and 2^64 inodes."
11341 #. type: Plain text
11342 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
11344 "The I<addr> argument points to the pathname of a file containing the quotas "
11345 "for the filesystem. The quota file must exist; it is normally created with "
11346 "the B<quotacheck>(8) program. This operation requires privilege "
11347 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11351 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
11353 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
11354 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
11356 #. type: Plain text
11357 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
11359 "Turn off quotas for a filesystem. The I<addr> and I<id> arguments are "
11360 "ignored. This operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11364 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
11366 msgid "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
11367 msgstr "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
11369 #. type: Plain text
11370 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:142
11373 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
11374 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
11376 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user or group I<id>. The "
11377 "I<addr> argument is a pointer to a I<dqblk> structure defined in I<E<lt>sys/"
11378 "quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
11380 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
11381 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
11383 #. type: Plain text
11384 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:147 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:234
11387 "/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64-bit integer;\n"
11388 " uint32_t is an unsigned 32-bit integer */\n"
11391 #. type: Plain text
11392 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:167
11395 "struct dqblk { /* Definition since Linux 2.4.22 */\n"
11396 " uint64_t dqb_bhardlimit; /* absolute limit on disk\n"
11397 " quota blocks alloc */\n"
11398 " uint64_t dqb_bsoftlimit; /* preferred limit on\n"
11399 " disk quota blocks */\n"
11400 " uint64_t dqb_curspace; /* current quota block\n"
11402 " uint64_t dqb_ihardlimit; /* maximum number of\n"
11403 " allocated inodes */\n"
11404 " uint64_t dqb_isoftlimit; /* preferred inode limit */\n"
11405 " uint64_t dqb_curinodes; /* current number of\n"
11406 " allocated inodes */\n"
11407 " uint64_t dqb_btime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
11409 " uint64_t dqb_itime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
11411 " uint32_t dqb_valid; /* bit mask of QIF_*\n"
11416 #. type: Plain text
11417 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:170
11420 "/* Flags in dqb_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
11421 " dqblk structure are valid. */\n"
11424 #. type: Plain text
11425 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:181
11428 "#define QIF_BLIMITS 1\n"
11429 "#define QIF_SPACE 2\n"
11430 "#define QIF_ILIMITS 4\n"
11431 "#define QIF_INODES 8\n"
11432 "#define QIF_BTIME 16\n"
11433 "#define QIF_ITIME 32\n"
11434 "#define QIF_LIMITS (QIF_BLIMITS | QIF_ILIMITS)\n"
11435 "#define QIF_USAGE (QIF_SPACE | QIF_INODES)\n"
11436 "#define QIF_TIMES (QIF_BTIME | QIF_ITIME)\n"
11437 "#define QIF_ALL (QIF_LIMITS | QIF_USAGE | QIF_TIMES)\n"
11440 #. type: Plain text
11441 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
11443 "The I<dqb_valid> field is a bit mask that is set to indicate the entries in "
11444 "the I<dqblk> structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all "
11445 "entries of the I<dqblk> structure and marks them as valid in the "
11446 "I<dqb_valid> field. Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own quotas; "
11447 "a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can retrieve the quotas of any user."
11451 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
11453 msgid "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
11454 msgstr "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
11456 #. type: Plain text
11457 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
11459 "Set quota information for user or group I<id>, using the information "
11460 "supplied in the I<dqblk> structure pointed to by I<addr>. The I<dqb_valid> "
11461 "field of the I<dqblk> structure indicates which entries in the structure "
11462 "have been set by the caller. This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETQLIM> and "
11463 "B<Q_SETUSE> operations in the previous quota interfaces. This operation "
11464 "requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11468 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
11470 msgid "B<Q_GETINFO>"
11471 msgstr "B<Q_GETINFO>"
11473 #. type: Plain text
11474 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:229
11477 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
11478 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
11480 "Get information (like grace times) about quotafile. The I<addr> argument "
11481 "should be a pointer to a I<dqinfo> structure. This structure is defined in "
11482 "I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
11484 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
11485 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
11487 #. type: Plain text
11488 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:238
11491 "struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
11492 " uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
11493 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11495 "struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
11496 " uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
11497 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11499 #. type: Plain text
11500 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:245
11503 " uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
11504 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11505 " uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
11507 " uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
11510 " uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
11511 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11512 " uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
11514 " uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
11517 #. type: Plain text
11518 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:247
11520 msgid "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
11521 msgstr "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
11523 #. type: Plain text
11524 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:249
11526 msgid "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
11527 msgstr "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
11529 #. type: Plain text
11530 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:251
11532 msgid "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
11533 msgstr "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
11535 #. type: Plain text
11536 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:253
11538 msgid "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
11539 msgstr "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
11541 #. type: Plain text
11542 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:256
11545 "/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
11546 " dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
11548 "/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
11549 " dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
11551 #. type: Plain text
11552 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:261
11555 "# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
11556 "# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
11557 "# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
11558 "# define IIF_ALL (IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
11560 "# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
11561 "# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
11562 "# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
11563 "# define IIF_ALL (IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
11565 #. type: Plain text
11566 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
11568 "The I<dqi_valid> field in the I<dqinfo> structure indicates the entries in "
11569 "the structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of "
11570 "the I<dqinfo> structure and marks them all as valid in the I<dqi_valid> "
11571 "field. The I<id> argument is ignored."
11575 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
11577 msgid "B<Q_SETINFO>"
11578 msgstr "B<Q_SETINFO>"
11580 #. type: Plain text
11581 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
11583 "Set information about quotafile. The I<addr> argument should be a pointer "
11584 "to a I<dqinfo> structure. The I<dqi_valid> field of the I<dqinfo> structure "
11585 "indicates the entries in the structure that have been set by the caller. "
11586 "This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETGRACE> and B<Q_SETFLAGS> operations in "
11587 "the previous quota interfaces. The I<id> argument is ignored. This "
11588 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11592 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
11594 msgid "B<Q_GETFMT>"
11595 msgstr "B<Q_GETFMT>"
11597 #. type: Plain text
11598 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
11600 "Get quota format used on the specified filesystem. The I<addr> argument "
11601 "should be a pointer to a 4-byte buffer where the format number will be "
11606 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
11611 #. type: Plain text
11612 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
11614 "Update the on-disk copy of quota usages for a filesystem. If I<special> is "
11615 "NULL, then all filesystems with active quotas are sync'ed. The I<addr> and "
11616 "I<id> arguments are ignored."
11620 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
11622 msgid "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
11623 msgstr "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
11625 #. Q_GETSTATS was removed in kernel 2.4.22.
11626 #. type: Plain text
11627 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:339
11629 "Get statistics and other generic information about the quota subsystem. The "
11630 "I<addr> argument should be a pointer to a I<dqstats> structure in which data "
11631 "should be stored. This structure is defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>. "
11632 "The I<special> and I<id> arguments are ignored. This operation is obsolete "
11633 "and not supported by recent kernels. Files in I</proc/sys/fs/quota/> carry "
11634 "the information instead."
11637 #. type: Plain text
11638 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
11640 "For XFS filesystems making use of the XFS Quota Manager (XQM), the above "
11641 "commands are bypassed and the following commands are used:"
11645 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
11647 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
11648 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
11650 #. type: Plain text
11651 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
11653 "Turn on quotas for an XFS filesystem. XFS provides the ability to turn on/"
11654 "off quota limit enforcement with quota accounting. Therefore, XFS expects "
11655 "I<addr> to be a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that contains either the flags "
11656 "B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ENFD> (for user quota), or "
11657 "B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ENFD> (for group quota), as "
11658 "defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>. This operation requires privilege "
11659 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11663 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
11665 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
11666 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
11668 #. type: Plain text
11669 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
11671 "Turn off quotas for an XFS filesystem. As with B<Q_QUOTAON>, XFS "
11672 "filesystems expect a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that specifies whether "
11673 "quota accounting and/or limit enforcement need to be turned off. This "
11674 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11678 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
11680 msgid "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
11681 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
11683 #. type: Plain text
11684 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
11686 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user I<id>. The I<addr> "
11687 "argument is a pointer to an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in "
11688 "I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own "
11689 "quotas; a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) may retrieve the quotas of any "
11694 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
11696 msgid "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
11697 msgstr "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
11699 #. type: Plain text
11700 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
11702 "Set disk quota limits for user I<id>. The I<addr> argument is a pointer to "
11703 "an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). This "
11704 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11708 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
11710 msgid "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
11711 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
11713 #. type: Plain text
11714 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
11716 "Returns an I<fs_quota_stat> structure containing XFS filesystem-specific "
11717 "quota information. This is useful for finding out how much space is used to "
11718 "store quota information, and also to get quotaon/off status of a given local "
11723 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
11725 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
11726 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
11728 #. type: Plain text
11729 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:412
11731 "Free the disk space taken by disk quotas. Quotas must have already been "
11735 #. type: Plain text
11736 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
11738 "There is no command equivalent to B<Q_SYNC> for XFS since B<sync>(1) writes "
11739 "quota information to disk (in addition to the other filesystem metadata that "
11743 #. type: Plain text
11744 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
11746 "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0; on error -1 is returned, and I<errno> "
11747 "is set to indicate the error."
11749 "成功すると、 B<quotactl>() は 0 を返す。\n"
11750 "エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
11752 #. type: Plain text
11753 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434
11754 msgid "I<addr> or I<special> is invalid."
11757 #. type: Plain text
11758 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
11759 msgid "I<cmd> or I<type> is invalid."
11762 #. type: Plain text
11763 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
11764 msgid "The file specified by I<special> or I<addr> does not exist."
11767 #. type: Plain text
11768 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
11769 msgid "The kernel has not been compiled with the B<CONFIG_QUOTA> option."
11773 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
11776 msgstr "B<ENOTBLK>"
11778 #. type: Plain text
11779 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
11780 msgid "I<special> is not a block device."
11781 msgstr "I<special> がブロックデバイスではない。"
11783 #. type: Plain text
11784 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
11786 "The caller lacked the required privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) for the "
11787 "specified operation."
11790 #. type: Plain text
11791 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:465
11793 "No disk quota is found for the indicated user. Quotas have not been turned "
11794 "on for this filesystem."
11797 #. type: Plain text
11798 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
11799 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
11802 #. type: Plain text
11803 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:477
11804 msgid "Specified limits are out of range allowed by quota format."
11807 #. type: Plain text
11808 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
11809 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_QUOTAON>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
11812 #. type: Plain text
11813 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
11815 "The quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not a regular file; or, "
11816 "the quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not on the filesystem "
11817 "pointed to by I<special>."
11820 #. type: Plain text
11821 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
11823 "B<Q_QUOTAON> attempted, but another B<Q_QUOTAON> had already been performed."
11826 #. type: Plain text
11827 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
11828 msgid "The quota file is corrupted."
11829 msgstr "quota ファイルが壊れている。"
11831 #. type: Plain text
11832 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
11833 msgid "Specified quota format was not found."
11836 #. type: Plain text
11837 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512
11838 msgid "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
11839 msgstr "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
11842 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
11848 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
11851 msgstr "2011-09-14"
11853 #. type: Plain text
11854 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
11855 msgid "sendfile - transfer data between file descriptors"
11856 msgstr "sendfile - ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でデータを転送する"
11858 #. type: Plain text
11859 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:24
11860 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
11861 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
11863 #. The below is too ugly. Comments about glibc versions belong
11864 #. in the notes, not in the header.
11865 #. .B #include <features.h>
11867 #. .B #if (__GLIBC__==2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__>=1) || __GLIBC__>2
11869 #. .B #include <sys/sendfile.h>
11873 #. .B #include <sys/types.h>
11875 #. .B /* No system prototype before glibc 2.1. */
11877 #. .BI "ssize_t sendfile(int" " out_fd" ", int" " in_fd" ", off_t *" #. offset ", size_t" " count" )
11880 #. type: Plain text
11881 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
11883 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
11884 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
11886 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
11887 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
11889 #. type: Plain text
11890 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:57
11892 "B<sendfile>() copies data between one file descriptor and another. Because "
11893 "this copying is done within the kernel, B<sendfile>() is more efficient "
11894 "than the combination of B<read>(2) and B<write>(2), which would require "
11895 "transferring data to and from user space."
11897 "B<sendfile>() は、あるファイル・ディスクリプタから別の ファイル・ディスクリ"
11898 "プタへのデータのコピーを行う。 このコピーはカーネル内で行われるので、 "
11899 "B<sendfile>() は、 B<read>(2) と B<write>(2) を組み合わせるよりも効率がよ"
11900 "い。 B<read>(2) や B<write>(2) ではユーザ空間との間でデータの転送が必要とな"
11903 #. type: Plain text
11904 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:62
11906 "I<in_fd> should be a file descriptor opened for reading and I<out_fd> should "
11907 "be a descriptor opened for writing."
11909 "I<in_fd> は読み込みのためにオープンされたファイル・ディスクリプタ、 "
11910 "I<out_fd> は書き込みのためにオープンされたディスクリプタでなければならない。"
11912 #. type: Plain text
11913 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:83
11915 "If I<offset> is not NULL, then it points to a variable holding the file "
11916 "offset from which B<sendfile>() will start reading data from I<in_fd>. "
11917 "When B<sendfile>() returns, this variable will be set to the offset of the "
11918 "byte following the last byte that was read. If I<offset> is not NULL, then "
11919 "B<sendfile>() does not modify the current file offset of I<in_fd>; "
11920 "otherwise the current file offset is adjusted to reflect the number of bytes "
11921 "read from I<in_fd>."
11923 "I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 I<offset> は B<sendfile>() が I<in_fd> のどこ"
11924 "からデータを読み始めるかを示すファイル・オフセットを保持する変数への ポインタ"
11925 "である。 B<sendfile>() は復帰する時、この変数に最後に読み込んだバイトの 次の"
11926 "バイトのオフセットを書き込む。 I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 B<sendfile>() "
11927 "は I<in_fd> のファイル・オフセットの現在値を変更しない。 NULL の場合は、ファ"
11928 "イル・オフセットの現在値を I<in_fd> から読み込んだバイト数を反映した位置に調"
11931 #. type: Plain text
11932 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:90
11934 "If I<offset> is NULL, then data will be read from I<in_fd> starting at the "
11935 "current file offset, and the file offset will be updated by the call."
11937 "I<offset> が NULL の場合、データは I<in_fd> の現在のファイル・オフセットから"
11938 "読み出され、 ファイル・オフセットはこの呼び出しで更新される。"
11940 #. type: Plain text
11941 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:93
11942 msgid "I<count> is the number of bytes to copy between the file descriptors."
11943 msgstr "I<count> は、ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でコピーするバイト数である。"
11945 #. type: Plain text
11946 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:100
11948 "The I<in_fd> argument must correspond to a file which supports B<mmap>(2)-"
11949 "like operations (i.e., it cannot be a socket)."
11951 "I<in_fd> 引き数は B<mmap>(2) 風の操作ができるファイルを指していなければなら"
11953 "い (ソケットを指定することはできない)。"
11955 #. type: Plain text
11956 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108
11958 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.33, I<out_fd> must refer to a socket. Since "
11959 "Linux 2.6.33 it can be any file. If it is a regular file, then "
11960 "B<sendfile>() changes the file offset appropriately."
11962 "2.6.33 より前の Linux カーネルでは I<out_fd> はソケットを参照していなければ"
11964 "らない。Linux 2.6.33 以降では、任意のファイルを参照することができる。\n"
11965 "通常のファイルの場合には B<sendfile>() はファイルオフセットを適切に変更する。"
11967 #. type: Plain text
11968 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115
11970 "If the transfer was successful, the number of bytes written to I<out_fd> is "
11971 "returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
11973 "転送に成功した場合、 I<out_fd> に書き込まれたバイト数を返す。エラーの場"
11974 "合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
11976 #. type: Plain text
11977 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
11979 "Nonblocking I/O has been selected using B<O_NONBLOCK> and the write would "
11982 "B<O_NONBLOCK> を用いて非ブロック I/O が選択されたが、書き込みがブロックされ"
11985 #. type: Plain text
11986 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
11988 "The input file was not opened for reading or the output file was not opened "
11991 "入力ファイルが読み込みのためにオープンされていないか、 出力ファイルが書き込み"
11994 #. type: Plain text
11995 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128
11996 msgid "Bad address."
11997 msgstr "アドレスがおかしい。"
11999 #. type: Plain text
12000 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
12002 "Descriptor is not valid or locked, or an B<mmap>(2)-like operation is not "
12003 "available for I<in_fd>."
12005 "ディスクリプタが有効でないか、ロックされている。もしくは B<mmap>(2) 風の操作"
12006 "が I<in_fd> では利用できない。"
12008 #. type: Plain text
12009 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
12010 msgid "Unspecified error while reading from I<in_fd>."
12011 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込んでいるうちに予期しないエラーが起こった。"
12013 #. type: Plain text
12014 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142
12015 msgid "Insufficient memory to read from I<in_fd>."
12016 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込むための十分なメモリがない。"
12018 #. type: Plain text
12019 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
12021 "B<sendfile>() is a new feature in Linux 2.2. The include file I<E<lt>sys/"
12022 "sendfile.hE<gt>> is present since glibc 2.1."
12024 "B<sendfile> は Linux 2.2 の新しい機能である。 インクルードファイル "
12025 "I<E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>> は glibc 2.1 から存在している。"
12027 #. type: Plain text
12028 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:150
12029 msgid "Not specified in POSIX.1-2001, or other standards."
12030 msgstr "POSIX.1-2001 や他の標準では規定されていない。"
12032 #. type: Plain text
12033 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155
12035 "Other UNIX systems implement B<sendfile>() with different semantics and "
12036 "prototypes. It should not be used in portable programs."
12038 "他の UNIX システムでは、異なった方式やプロトタイプで B<sendfile>() を実装し"
12039 "ている。移植性を考慮したプログラムでは使用すべきではない。"
12041 #. type: Plain text
12042 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:165
12044 "If you plan to use B<sendfile>() for sending files to a TCP socket, but "
12045 "need to send some header data in front of the file contents, you will find "
12046 "it useful to employ the B<TCP_CORK> option, described in B<tcp>(7), to "
12047 "minimize the number of packets and to tune performance."
12049 "B<sendfile>() を使って TCP ソケットにファイルを送ろうとしていて、 ファイルの"
12050 "内容の前にヘッダ・データを付け加える必要がある場合は、 パケット数を最小にして"
12051 "性能を上げるために B<tcp>(7) に記述されている B<TCP_CORK> オプションを使うと"
12054 #. type: Plain text
12055 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:171
12057 "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, I<out_fd> could also refer to a regular file, and "
12058 "B<sendfile>() changed the current offset of that file."
12060 "Linux 2.4 とそれ以前のバージョンでも、 I<out_fd> は通常のファイルを参照で"
12062 "B<sendfile>() はそのファイルのオフセットの現在値を変更していた。"
12064 #. type: Plain text
12065 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:183
12067 "The original Linux B<sendfile>() system call was not designed to handle "
12068 "large file offsets. Consequently, Linux 2.4 added B<sendfile64>(), with a "
12069 "wider type for the I<offset> argument. The glibc B<sendfile>() wrapper "
12070 "function transparently deals with the kernel differences."
12072 "元々の Linux B<sendfile>() システムコールは大きなファイルオフセットを\n"
12073 "扱えるように設計されていなかった。その結果、Linux 2.4 で、\n"
12074 "ビット幅の大きな I<offset> 引き数を持った B<sendfile64>() が追加された。\n"
12075 "glibc の B<sendfile>() のラッパー関数はカーネルによるこの違いを吸収している。"
12077 #. type: Plain text
12078 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:192
12080 "Applications may wish to fall back to B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) in the case "
12081 "where B<sendfile>() fails with B<EINVAL> or B<ENOSYS>."
12083 "B<sendfile>() が B<EINVAL> や B<ENOSYS> で失敗するような場合は、 アプリケー"
12084 "ションは B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) に戻すことを考えてもよいかもしれない。"
12086 #. type: Plain text
12087 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197
12089 "The Linux-specific B<splice>(2) call supports transferring data between "
12090 "arbitrary files (e.g., a pair of sockets)."
12092 "Linux 固有の B<splice>(2) システムコールは、任意のファイル間 (例えば、\n"
12093 "ソケット同士) でのデータ転送をサポートしている。"
12095 #. type: Plain text
12096 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:202
12097 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
12098 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
12101 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
12103 msgid "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
12104 msgstr "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
12107 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
12110 msgstr "2014-07-08"
12112 #. type: Plain text
12113 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28
12114 msgid "set_tid_address - set pointer to thread ID"
12115 msgstr "set_tid_address - スレッド ID へのポインタを設定する"
12117 #. type: Plain text
12118 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:31
12120 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
12121 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
12123 #. type: Plain text
12124 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:33
12126 msgid "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
12127 msgstr "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
12129 #. type: Plain text
12130 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
12132 "For each thread, the kernel maintains two attributes (addresses) called "
12133 "I<set_child_tid> and I<clear_child_tid>. These two attributes contain the "
12134 "value NULL by default."
12136 "各スレッドについて、カーネルは I<set_child_tid> と I<clear_child_tid> という "
12137 "2 つの属性を保持する。この 2 つの属性はデフォルトでは NULL である。"
12140 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
12142 msgid "I<set_child_tid>"
12143 msgstr "I<set_child_tid>"
12145 #. type: Plain text
12146 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:51
12148 "If a thread is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> "
12149 "flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument of "
12150 "that system call."
12152 "スレッドが B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始さ"
12153 "れた場合、 I<set_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引き数"
12156 #. type: Plain text
12157 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
12159 "When I<set_child_tid> is set, the very first thing the new thread does is to "
12160 "write its thread ID at this address."
12162 "I<set_child_tid> が設定された場合、一番最初に新しいスレッドが行うことは、 こ"
12163 "のアドレスに自身のスレッド ID を書き込むことである。"
12166 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
12168 msgid "I<clear_child_tid>"
12169 msgstr "I<clear_child_tid>"
12171 #. type: Plain text
12172 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:67
12174 "If a thread is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> "
12175 "flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument "
12176 "of that system call."
12178 "スレッドが B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始"
12179 "された場合、 I<clear_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引"
12182 #. type: Plain text
12183 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:74
12185 "The system call B<set_tid_address>() sets the I<clear_child_tid> value for "
12186 "the calling thread to I<tidptr>."
12188 "システムコール B<set_tid_address>() は呼び出し元スレッドの "
12189 "I<clear_child_tid> の値を I<tidptr> に設定する。"
12191 #. type: Plain text
12192 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:82
12194 "When a thread whose I<clear_child_tid> is not NULL terminates, then, if the "
12195 "thread is sharing memory with other threads, then 0 is written at the "
12196 "address specified in I<clear_child_tid> and the kernel performs the "
12197 "following operation:"
12199 "I<clear_child_tid> が NULL でないスレッドが終了すると、そのスレッドが他のス"
12200 "レッドとメモリを共有していれば、 I<clear_child_tid> で指定されたアドレスに 0 "
12201 "が書き込まれ、カーネルは以下の処理を実行する。"
12203 #. type: Plain text
12204 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:84
12206 msgid " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
12207 msgstr " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
12209 #. type: Plain text
12210 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
12212 "The effect of this operation is to wake a single thread that is performing a "
12213 "futex wait on the memory location. Errors from the futex wake operation are "
12216 "この処理の結果、このメモリアドレスに対する futex wait を実行しているスレッド"
12217 "を一つ起こす (wake)。 futex wake 操作でのエラーは無視される。"
12219 #. type: Plain text
12220 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
12221 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always returns the caller's thread ID."
12222 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に呼び出し元のスレッド ID を返す。"
12224 #. type: Plain text
12225 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
12226 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always succeeds."
12227 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に成功する。"
12229 #. type: Plain text
12230 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97
12232 "This call is present since Linux 2.5.48. Details as given here are valid "
12233 "since Linux 2.5.49."
12235 "この呼び出しは Linux 2.5.48 以降で存在する。 ここで書かれた詳細は Linux "
12238 #. type: Plain text
12239 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:103
12240 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2), B<gettid>(2)"
12241 msgstr "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2), B<gettid>(2)"
12244 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26
12250 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26
12253 msgstr "2014-12-31"
12255 #. type: Plain text
12256 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:29
12257 msgid "splice - splice data to/from a pipe"
12258 msgstr "splice - パイプとの間でデータを継ぎ合わせる"
12260 #. type: Plain text
12261 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:33 build/C/man2/tee.2:33
12264 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
12265 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
12267 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
12268 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
12270 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
12271 #. type: Plain text
12272 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:38
12275 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
12276 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12278 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
12279 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12281 #. type: Plain text
12282 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:50
12284 "B<splice>() moves data between two file descriptors without copying between "
12285 "kernel address space and user address space. It transfers up to I<len> "
12286 "bytes of data from the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the file descriptor "
12287 "I<fd_out>, where one of the descriptors must refer to a pipe."
12289 "B<splice>() は、カーネルアドレス空間とユーザアドレス空間との間のコピーを伴わ"
12290 "ずに、 2 つのファイルディスクリプタ間でデータの移動を行う。 ファイルディスク"
12291 "リプタ I<fd_in> からファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_out> へ最大 I<len> バイトを転"
12292 "送する。 2 つのファイルディスクリプタのうち一つは パイプを参照していなければ"
12295 #. type: Plain text
12296 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:55
12298 #| msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
12299 msgid "The following semantics apply for I<fd_in> and I<off_in>:"
12300 msgstr "I<new_root> および I<put_old> には以下の制限がある:"
12302 #. type: Plain text
12303 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:61
12304 msgid "If I<fd_in> refers to a pipe, then I<off_in> must be NULL."
12307 #. type: Plain text
12308 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:70
12311 #| "If I<offset> is NULL, then data will be read from I<in_fd> starting at "
12312 #| "the current file offset, and the file offset will be updated by the call."
12314 "If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is NULL, then bytes are "
12315 "read from I<fd_in> starting from the current file offset, and the current "
12316 "file offset is adjusted appropriately."
12318 "I<offset> が NULL の場合、データは I<in_fd> の現在のファイル・オフセットから"
12319 "読み出され、 ファイル・オフセットはこの呼び出しで更新される。"
12321 #. type: Plain text
12322 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:83
12325 #| "If I<fd_in> refers to a pipe, then I<off_in> must be NULL. If I<fd_in> "
12326 #| "does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is NULL, then bytes are read from "
12327 #| "I<fd_in> starting from the current file offset, and the current file "
12328 #| "offset is adjusted appropriately. If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe "
12329 #| "and I<off_in> is not NULL, then I<off_in> must point to a buffer which "
12330 #| "specifies the starting offset from which bytes will be read from "
12331 #| "I<fd_in>; in this case, the current file offset of I<fd_in> is not "
12332 #| "changed. Analogous statements apply for I<fd_out> and I<off_out>."
12334 "If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is not NULL, then "
12335 "I<off_in> must point to a buffer which specifies the starting offset from "
12336 "which bytes will be read from I<fd_in>; in this case, the current file "
12337 "offset of I<fd_in> is not changed."
12339 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照している場合、 I<off_in> は NULL でなければならない。 "
12340 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL の場合、 I<fd_in> の現"
12341 "在のファイルオフセットから始まるバイトを読み出す。 現在のファイルオフセットは"
12342 "適切に調整される。 I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL でな"
12343 "い場合、 I<off_in> は I<fd_in> からのデータ読み出しを開始する先頭オフセットを"
12344 "格納したバッファ へのポインタでなければならない。この場合、 I<fd_in> の現在の"
12345 "ファイルオフセットは変更されない。 I<fd_out> と I<off_out> に関しても同様であ"
12348 #. type: Plain text
12349 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:88
12350 msgid "Analogous statements apply for I<fd_out> and I<off_out>."
12353 #. type: Plain text
12354 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:93 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
12356 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together zero "
12357 "or more of the following values:"
12359 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
12362 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:93 build/C/man2/tee.2:62 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
12364 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
12365 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
12367 #. type: Plain text
12368 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:106
12370 "Attempt to move pages instead of copying. This is only a hint to the "
12371 "kernel: pages may still be copied if the kernel cannot move the pages from "
12372 "the pipe, or if the pipe buffers don't refer to full pages. The initial "
12373 "implementation of this flag was buggy: therefore starting in Linux 2.6.21 it "
12374 "is a no-op (but is still permitted in a B<splice>() call); in the future, a "
12375 "correct implementation may be restored."
12377 "ページのコピーでなく移動を試みる。 これはカーネルに対するヒントでしかない。 "
12378 "つまり、カーネルがパイプからページを移動できない場合や、 パイプバッファがペー"
12379 "ジ全部を参照していない場合は、 ページのコピーが行われることもある。 このフラ"
12380 "グの最初の実装にはバグがあった。そのため、 Linux 2.6.21 以降ではこのフラグの"
12381 "操作はできないようになっている (ただし、 B<splice>() コールでこのフラグを指"
12382 "定することは今も認められている)。 将来、正しい実装が行われることだろう。"
12385 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:106 build/C/man2/tee.2:68 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
12387 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
12388 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
12390 #. type: Plain text
12391 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:115
12393 "Do not block on I/O. This makes the splice pipe operations nonblocking, but "
12394 "B<splice>() may nevertheless block because the file descriptors that are "
12395 "spliced to/from may block (unless they have the B<O_NONBLOCK> flag set)."
12397 "入出力時に停止 (block) しない。 このフラグを指定すると、 splice によるパイプ"
12398 "操作を非停止モード (nonblocking) で 行おうとするが、その場合でも "
12399 "B<splice>() は停止することもある。なぜなら、データのやり取りを行う ファイル"
12400 "ディスクリプタは (B<O_NONBLOCK> フラグをセットされていない場合) 停止する可能"
12404 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:115 build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
12406 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
12407 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
12409 #. type: Plain text
12410 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:129
12412 "More data will be coming in a subsequent splice. This is a helpful hint "
12413 "when the I<fd_out> refers to a socket (see also the description of "
12414 "B<MSG_MORE> in B<send>(2), and the description of B<TCP_CORK> in B<tcp>(7))"
12416 "この後の splice でさらに転送されるデータがあることを示す。 このフラグは "
12417 "I<fd_out> がソケットを参照している場合に有用なヒントとなる (B<send>(2) の "
12418 "B<MSG_MORE> や B<tcp>(7) の B<TCP_CORK> の説明も参照)。"
12421 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:129 build/C/man2/tee.2:79 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
12423 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
12424 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
12426 #. type: Plain text
12427 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:135
12428 msgid "Unused for B<splice>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
12429 msgstr "B<splice>() では使用しない。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
12431 #. type: Plain text
12432 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:144
12434 "Upon successful completion, B<splice>() returns the number of bytes spliced "
12435 "to or from the pipe. A return value of 0 means that there was no data to "
12436 "transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because there are no writers "
12437 "connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by I<fd_in>."
12439 "成功して完了すると、 B<splice>() はパイプから出し入れしたバイト数を返す。 返"
12440 "り値 0 はデータの転送が行わなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) "
12441 "しても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続さ"
12444 #. type: Plain text
12445 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:150
12447 "On error, B<splice>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
12449 "エラーの場合、 B<splice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定す"
12452 #. type: Plain text
12453 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:157 build/C/man2/tee.2:107
12454 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:133
12456 "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK> was specified in I<flags>, and the operation would "
12460 #. type: Plain text
12461 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:161
12463 "One or both file descriptors are not valid, or do not have proper read-write "
12466 "ファイルディスクリプタの一方または両方が有効ではない、 もしくは適切な read-"
12469 #. The append-mode error is given since 2.6.27; in earlier kernels,
12470 #. splice() in append mode was broken
12471 #. type: Plain text
12472 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:169
12474 "Target filesystem doesn't support splicing; target file is opened in append "
12475 "mode; neither of the descriptors refers to a pipe; or offset given for "
12476 "nonseekable device."
12478 "対象のファイルシステムが splice に対応していない、 または対象のファイルが追記"
12479 "モードでオープンされている、 またはディスクリプタのどちらもパイプを参照してい"
12480 "ない、 または seek できないデバイスに対してオフセットが指定された。"
12482 #. type: Plain text
12483 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:172 build/C/man2/tee.2:120
12484 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:148
12485 msgid "Out of memory."
12489 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:172
12494 #. type: Plain text
12495 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:179
12497 "Either I<off_in> or I<off_out> was not NULL, but the corresponding file "
12498 "descriptor refers to a pipe."
12500 "I<off_in> か I<off_out> のいずれかが NULL ではないが、対応するファイルディス"
12501 "クリプタが パイプを参照している。"
12503 #. type: Plain text
12504 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:184
12506 "The B<splice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
12507 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
12509 "B<splice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
12510 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
12512 #. type: Plain text
12513 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:196
12515 "The three system calls B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), and B<tee>(2), provide "
12516 "user-space programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer, "
12517 "implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that is used for "
12518 "a pipe. In overview, these system calls perform the following tasks:"
12520 "3 つのシステムコール (B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), B<tee>(2)) を使うと、ユー"
12521 "ザ空間プログラムは任意のカーネルバッファに対する 完全な制御ができる。カーネル"
12522 "バッファは、パイプに使用されているのと 同種のバッファを使ってカーネル内に実装"
12523 "されている。 大まかにいうと、これらのシステムコールは以下の仕事を行う:"
12526 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:196
12528 msgid "B<splice>()"
12529 msgstr "B<splice>()"
12531 #. type: Plain text
12532 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:200
12534 "moves data from the buffer to an arbitrary file descriptor, or vice versa, "
12535 "or from one buffer to another."
12537 "バッファから任意のファイルディスクリプタや、その逆方向、 もしくはあるバッファ"
12538 "から別のバッファへの、データ移動を行う。"
12541 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:200
12546 #. type: Plain text
12547 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:203
12548 msgid "\"copies\" the data from one buffer to another."
12549 msgstr "あるバッファから別のバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
12552 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:203
12554 msgid "B<vmsplice>(2)"
12555 msgstr "B<vmsplice>(2)"
12557 #. type: Plain text
12558 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:206
12559 msgid "\"copies\" data from user space into the buffer."
12560 msgstr "ユーザ空間からバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
12562 #. Linus: Now, imagine using the above in a media server, for example.
12563 #. Let's say that a year or two has passed, so that the video drivers
12564 #. have been updated to be able to do the splice thing, and what can
12565 #. you do? You can:
12566 #. - splice from the (mpeg or whatever - let's just assume that the video
12567 #. input is either digital or does the encoding on its own - like they
12568 #. pretty much all do) video input into a pipe (remember: no copies - the
12569 #. video input will just DMA directly into memory, and splice will just
12570 #. set up the pages in the pipe buffer)
12571 #. - tee that pipe to split it up
12572 #. - splice one end to a file (ie "save the compressed stream to disk")
12573 #. - splice the other end to a real-time video decoder window for your
12574 #. real-time viewing pleasure.
12575 #. Linus: Now, the advantage of splice()/tee() is that you can
12576 #. do zero-copy movement of data, and unlike sendfile() you can
12577 #. do it on _arbitrary_ data (and, as shown by "tee()", it's more
12578 #. than just sending the data to somebody else: you can duplicate
12579 #. the data and choose to forward it to two or more different
12580 #. users - for things like logging etc.).
12581 #. type: Plain text
12582 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:237
12584 "Though we talk of copying, actual copies are generally avoided. The kernel "
12585 "does this by implementing a pipe buffer as a set of reference-counted "
12586 "pointers to pages of kernel memory. The kernel creates \"copies\" of pages "
12587 "in a buffer by creating new pointers (for the output buffer) referring to "
12588 "the pages, and increasing the reference counts for the pages: only pointers "
12589 "are copied, not the pages of the buffer."
12591 "ここではコピーの話をしているが、実際のコピーは一般的に回避される。 カーネル"
12592 "は、パイプ・バッファをカーネルメモリのページへのポインタ集合として 実装し、"
12593 "ページへの参照回数を管理することで、これを実現している。 カーネルは、対象とな"
12594 "るページを参照する (出力バッファ用の) ポインタを 新規に作成することでバッファ"
12595 "内のページの「コピー」を作成し、 そのページの参照回数を増やす。つまり、ポイン"
12596 "タだけがコピーされ、 バッファのページはコピーされない。"
12598 #. type: Plain text
12599 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:240
12600 msgid "See B<tee>(2)."
12601 msgstr "B<tee>(2) 参照。"
12603 #. type: Plain text
12604 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:244
12605 msgid "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12606 msgstr "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12609 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26
12614 #. type: Plain text
12615 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29
12616 msgid "tee - duplicating pipe content"
12617 msgstr "tee - パイプの中身を複製する"
12619 #. type: Plain text
12620 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:36
12622 msgid "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12623 msgstr "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12625 #. Example programs http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps
12626 #. add a "tee(in, out1, out2)" system call that duplicates the pages
12627 #. (again, incrementing their reference count, not copying the data) from
12628 #. one pipe to two other pipes.
12629 #. type: Plain text
12630 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:56
12632 "B<tee>() duplicates up to I<len> bytes of data from the pipe referred to by "
12633 "the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the pipe referred to by the file descriptor "
12634 "I<fd_out>. It does not consume the data that is duplicated from I<fd_in>; "
12635 "therefore, that data can be copied by a subsequent B<splice>(2)."
12637 "B<tee>() は、ファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_in> が参照するパイプからファイル"
12638 "ディスクリプタ I<fd_out> が参照するパイプへ最大 I<len> バイトのデータを複製す"
12639 "る。 この操作では、複製されるデータは I<fd_in> からは消費されない。したがっ"
12640 "て、これらのデータをこの後の B<splice>(2) でコピーすることができる。"
12642 #. type: Plain text
12643 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:62
12645 "I<flags> is a series of modifier flags, which share the name space with "
12646 "B<splice>(2) and B<vmsplice>(2):"
12648 "I<flags> は一連の修飾フラグであり、 B<splice>(2) や B<vmsplice>(2) と共通の"
12651 #. type: Plain text
12652 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:68
12653 msgid "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(); see B<splice>(2)."
12654 msgstr "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もない。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12656 #. Not used for vmsplice
12657 #. May be in the future -- therefore EAGAIN
12658 #. type: Plain text
12659 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
12660 msgid "Do not block on I/O; see B<splice>(2) for further details."
12661 msgstr "入出力で停止 (block) しない。詳細は B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12663 #. type: Plain text
12664 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:79
12666 "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(), but may be implemented in the future; "
12667 "see B<splice>(2)."
12669 "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性があ"
12670 "る。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12672 #. type: Plain text
12673 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:85
12674 msgid "Unused for B<tee>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
12675 msgstr "B<tee>() では未使用。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
12677 #. type: Plain text
12678 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:94
12680 "Upon successful completion, B<tee>() returns the number of bytes that were "
12681 "duplicated between the input and output. A return value of 0 means that "
12682 "there was no data to transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because "
12683 "there are no writers connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by "
12686 "成功して完了すると、 B<tee>() は入出力間で複製されたバイト数を返す。 返り値 "
12687 "0 はデータの転送が行われなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) し"
12688 "ても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続され"
12691 #. type: Plain text
12692 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:100
12694 "On error, B<tee>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
12696 "エラーの場合、 B<tee>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定する。"
12698 #. type: Plain text
12699 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:117
12701 "I<fd_in> or I<fd_out> does not refer to a pipe; or I<fd_in> and I<fd_out> "
12702 "refer to the same pipe."
12704 "I<fd_in> と I<fd_out> のどちらかがパイプを参照していない。もしくは I<fd_in> "
12705 "と I<fd_out> が同じパイプを参照している。"
12707 #. type: Plain text
12708 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:125
12710 "The B<tee>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
12711 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
12713 "B<tee>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
12714 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
12716 #. type: Plain text
12717 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:136
12719 "Conceptually, B<tee>() copies the data between the two pipes. In reality "
12720 "no real data copying takes place though: under the covers, B<tee>() assigns "
12721 "data in the output by merely grabbing a reference to the input."
12723 "概念としては、 B<tee>() は二つのパイプ間でデータのコピーを行う。 しかし、実"
12724 "際には実データのコピーは行われない。 内部では、 B<tee>() は入力側に対する参"
12725 "照だけを作成することで出力側にデータを 追加する。"
12727 #. type: Plain text
12728 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:143
12730 "The example below implements a basic B<tee>(1) program using the B<tee>() "
12731 "system call. Here is an example of its use:"
12732 msgstr "以下の例は、 B<tee>() システムコールを使って、 基本的な B<tee>(1) プログラムを実装したものである。 以下は利用例である。"
12734 #. type: Plain text
12735 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:150
12738 "$ B<date |./a.out out.log | cat>\n"
12739 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12740 "$ B<cat out.log>\n"
12741 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12743 "$ B<date |./a.out out.log | cat>\n"
12744 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12745 "$ B<cat out.log>\n"
12746 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12749 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:152
12751 msgid "Program source"
12754 #. type: Plain text
12755 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:162
12758 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
12759 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
12760 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
12761 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
12762 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
12763 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
12764 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
12766 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
12767 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
12768 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
12769 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
12770 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
12771 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
12772 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
12774 #. type: Plain text
12775 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:168
12779 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
12782 " int len, slen;\n"
12785 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
12788 " int len, slen;\n"
12790 #. type: Plain text
12791 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:173
12794 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
12795 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
12796 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12799 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
12800 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
12801 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12804 #. type: Plain text
12805 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:179
12808 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
12809 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
12810 " perror(\"open\");\n"
12811 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12814 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
12815 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
12816 " perror(\"open\");\n"
12817 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12820 #. type: Plain text
12821 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:186
12826 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
12828 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
12829 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
12833 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
12835 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
12836 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
12838 #. type: Plain text
12839 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:195
12842 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
12843 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
12845 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
12846 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12851 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
12852 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
12854 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
12855 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12860 #. type: Plain text
12861 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:209
12865 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
12867 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
12868 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
12869 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
12870 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
12871 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
12879 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
12881 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
12882 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
12883 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
12884 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
12885 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
12892 #. type: Plain text
12893 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:213
12897 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
12901 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
12904 #. type: Plain text
12905 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:217
12906 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12907 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12910 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
12916 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
12919 msgstr "2009-02-20"
12921 #. type: Plain text
12922 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:29
12923 msgid "vm86old, vm86 - enter virtual 8086 mode"
12924 msgstr "vm86old, vm86 - 仮想 8086 モードへ移行する"
12926 #. type: Plain text
12927 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:31
12928 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
12929 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
12931 #. type: Plain text
12932 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:33
12933 msgid "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
12934 msgstr "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
12936 #. type: Plain text
12937 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:35
12938 msgid "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
12940 "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
12942 #. type: Plain text
12943 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:48
12945 "The system call B<vm86>() was introduced in Linux 0.97p2. In Linux 2.1.15 "
12946 "and 2.0.28, it was renamed to B<vm86old>(), and a new B<vm86>() was "
12947 "introduced. The definition of I<struct vm86_struct> was changed in 1.1.8 "
12950 "B<vm86>() システムコールは Linux 0.97p2 で導入された。 これは Linux 2.1.15 "
12951 "と 2.0.28 で B<vm86old>() に名前が変更され、 新しい B<vm86>() が導入され"
12952 "た。 I<struct vm86_struct> の定義は 1.1.8 と 1.1.9 で変更された。"
12954 #. type: Plain text
12955 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:52
12957 "These calls cause the process to enter VM86 mode (virtual-8086 in Intel "
12958 "literature), and are used by B<dosemu>."
12960 "これらのコールによってプロセスは VM86 モード (Intel の文書では仮想 8086 モー"
12961 "ド) へと移行する。 これらのコールは B<dosemu> で使用される。"
12963 #. type: Plain text
12964 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:54
12965 msgid "VM86 mode is an emulation of real mode within a protected mode task."
12967 "VM86 モードはプロテクトモードタスクにおける リアルモードのエミュレーションで"
12970 #. type: Plain text
12971 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
12973 "This return value is specific to i386 and indicates a problem with getting "
12976 "この返り値は i386 固有のものであり、 ユーザー空間のデータを取得する際に問題が"
12979 #. type: Plain text
12980 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
12982 "This return value indicates the call is not implemented on the present "
12985 "この返り値は、このコールが現在のアーキテクチャで実装されていないことを示す。"
12987 #. type: Plain text
12988 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:73
12990 "Saved kernel stack exists. (This is a kernel sanity check; the saved stack "
12991 "should exist only within vm86 mode itself.)"
12993 "保存されたカーネルスタックが既に存在している。(これはカーネルが通常の 状態で"
12994 "あるかをチェックしている。保存されたスタックは vm86 モードで しか存在しな"
12997 #. type: Plain text
12998 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:76
13000 "This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors, and should not be "
13001 "used in programs intended to be portable."
13003 "この関数は 32 ビット Intel プロセッサ上の Linux 特有の関数であり、 移植を意図"
13004 "したプログラムでは使用すべきでない。"
13007 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
13013 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
13016 msgstr "2014-10-02"
13018 #. type: Plain text
13019 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
13020 msgid "vmsplice - splice user pages into a pipe"
13021 msgstr "vmsplice - ユーザ・ページをパイプに継ぎ合わせる"
13023 #. type: Plain text
13024 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:34
13027 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
13028 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
13029 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
13031 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
13032 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
13033 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
13035 #. type: Plain text
13036 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:37
13039 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
13040 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
13042 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
13043 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
13045 #. Linus: vmsplice() system call to basically do a "write to
13046 #. the buffer", but using the reference counting and VM traversal
13047 #. to actually fill the buffer. This means that the user needs to
13048 #. be careful not to reuse the user-space buffer it spliced into
13049 #. the kernel-space one (contrast this to "write()", which copies
13050 #. the actual data, and you can thus reuse the buffer immediately
13051 #. after a successful write), but that is often easy to do.
13052 #. type: Plain text
13053 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:57
13055 "The B<vmsplice>() system call maps I<nr_segs> ranges of user memory "
13056 "described by I<iov> into a pipe. The file descriptor I<fd> must refer to a "
13059 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは、 I<iov> で指定されたユーザ・メモリの "
13060 "I<nr_segs> の範囲をパイプにマッピングする。 I<fd> はパイプを参照していなけれ"
13063 #. type: Plain text
13064 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:64
13066 "The pointer I<iov> points to an array of I<iovec> structures as defined in "
13067 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>:"
13069 "ポインタ I<iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列を指す。 I<iovec> 構造体は "
13070 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
13072 #. type: Plain text
13073 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:71
13077 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
13078 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes */\n"
13082 " void *iov_base; /* 開始アドレス */\n"
13083 " size_t iov_len; /* バイト数 */\n"
13086 #. type: Plain text
13087 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
13088 msgid "Unused for B<vmsplice>(); see B<splice>(2)."
13089 msgstr "B<vmsplice>() では未使用。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
13091 #. type: Plain text
13092 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
13094 "Currently has no effect for B<vmsplice>(), but may be implemented in the "
13095 "future; see B<splice>(2)."
13097 "現在のところ B<vmsplice>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性"
13098 "がある。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
13100 #. FIXME . Explain the following line in a little more detail:
13102 #. It looks like the page-alignment requirement went away with
13103 #. commit bd1a68b59c8e3bce45fb76632c64e1e063c3962d
13104 #. .... if we expect to later SPLICE_F_MOVE to the cache.
13105 #. type: Plain text
13106 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:117
13108 "The user pages are a gift to the kernel. The application may not modify "
13109 "this memory ever, or page cache and on-disk data may differ. Gifting pages "
13110 "to the kernel means that a subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> can "
13111 "successfully move the pages; if this flag is not specified, then a "
13112 "subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> must copy the pages. Data must "
13113 "also be properly page aligned, both in memory and length."
13115 "ユーザ・ページがカーネルへ渡すもの (gift) であることを示す。 アプリケーション"
13116 "はこのメモリを絶対に変更してはならない。 さもなければ、ページキャッシュとディ"
13117 "スク上のデータは 一致しなくなるだろう。 ページをカーネルに渡すと、この次の "
13118 "B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でそのページの移動を行うことができる。 このフ"
13119 "ラグが指定されなかった場合、この次の B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でその"
13120 "ページのコピーを行わなければならない。 データはメモリ上でページ境界にあってい"
13121 "なければならず、 長さもページ境界の倍数でなければならない。"
13123 #. type: Plain text
13124 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:126
13126 "Upon successful completion, B<vmsplice>() returns the number of bytes "
13127 "transferred to the pipe. On error, B<vmsplice>() returns -1 and I<errno> "
13128 "is set to indicate the error."
13130 "成功して完了すると、 B<vmsplice>() はパイプに転送したバイト数を返す。 エラー"
13131 "の場合、 B<vmplice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
13133 #. type: Plain text
13134 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:137
13135 msgid "I<fd> either not valid, or doesn't refer to a pipe."
13136 msgstr "I<fd> が有効でない、もしくはパイプを参照していない。"
13138 #. type: Plain text
13139 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
13141 "I<nr_segs> is greater than B<IOV_MAX>; or memory not aligned if "
13142 "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> set."
13144 "I<nr_segs> が B<IOV_MAX> よりも大きい。または B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> が設定されたが"
13145 "メモリがページ境界にあっていない。"
13147 #. type: Plain text
13148 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:153
13150 "The B<vmsplice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library "
13151 "support was added to glibc in version 2.5."
13153 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
13154 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
13156 #. type: Plain text
13157 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
13159 "B<vmsplice>() follows the other vectorized read/write type functions when "
13160 "it comes to limitations on number of segments being passed in. This limit "
13161 "is B<IOV_MAX> as defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>>. At the time of this "
13162 "writing, that limit is 1024."
13164 "指定されたセグメント数が上限に達した場合、 B<vmsplice>() は他のベクトル形式"
13165 "の read/write を行う関数と同じ動作をする。 上限は B<IOV_MAX> であり、 "
13166 "I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> で定義されている。 このドキュメントを書いた時点での値"
13169 #. type: Plain text
13170 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:167
13171 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
13172 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
13174 #~ msgid "2014-04-17"
13175 #~ msgstr "2014-04-17"
13177 #~ msgid "2014-05-05"
13178 #~ msgstr "2014-05-05"
13180 #~ msgid "2014-02-20"
13181 #~ msgstr "2014-02-20"
13183 #~ msgid "2012-07-19"
13184 #~ msgstr "2012-07-19"
13186 #~ msgid "2012-05-04"
13187 #~ msgstr "2012-05-04"
13189 #~ msgid "2013-12-12"
13190 #~ msgstr "2013-12-12"
13192 #~ msgid "2012-04-25"
13193 #~ msgstr "2012-04-25"
13195 #~ msgid "2003-01-01"
13196 #~ msgstr "2003-01-01"
13199 #~ "This function will return the current B<personality>() when I<persona> "
13200 #~ "equals 0xffffffff. Otherwise, it will make the execution domain "
13201 #~ "referenced by I<persona> the new execution domain of the calling process."
13203 #~ "B<personality ()> 関数は、 I<persona> が 0xffffffff の場合は現在の B<パー"
13204 #~ "ソナリティ> を返す。 それ以外の場合、 I<persona> により参照される実行ドメ"
13205 #~ "インを、 呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい実行ドメインとする。"
13208 #~ "Depending on which operation was executed, the returned value for a "
13209 #~ "successful call can have differing meanings."
13210 #~ msgstr "どの操作が実行されたかによって、 成功時の返り値の意味が変わる。"
13213 #~ "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. In case of "
13214 #~ "timeout, the operation fails with the error B<ETIMEDOUT>. If the futex "
13215 #~ "was not equal to the expected value, the operation fails with the error "
13216 #~ "B<EWOULDBLOCK>. Signals (see B<signal>(7)) or other spurious wakeups "
13217 #~ "cause B<FUTEX_WAIT> to fail with the error B<EINTR>."
13219 #~ "プロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> の呼び出しで wake すると 0 を返す。 タイムアウト"
13220 #~ "の場合、操作はエラー B<ETIMEOUT> で失敗する。 futex が指定された値と等しく"
13221 #~ "ない場合、 エラー B<EWOULDBLOCK> で失敗する。 シグナルを受信するか "
13222 #~ "(B<signal>(7) 参照) 他の偽の wake があった場合には、エラー B<EINTR> で失"
13225 #~ msgid "An operation was not defined or error in page alignment."
13227 #~ "操作が定義されていない。またはページ・アラインメントでエラーが発生した。"
13230 #~ "Stop the child at the next B<execve>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
13231 #~ "PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
13233 #~ "次の B<execve>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>"
13234 #~ "\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
13237 #~ "Stop the child at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2) call with "
13238 #~ "I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
13240 #~ "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ "
13241 #~ "E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
13244 #~ "Attaches to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a traced \"child\" "
13245 #~ "of the calling process; the behavior of the child is as if it had done a "
13246 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. The calling process actually becomes the parent of "
13247 #~ "the child process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive notification "
13248 #~ "of child events and appears in B<ps>(1) output as the child's parent), "
13249 #~ "but a B<getppid>(2) by the child will still return the PID of the "
13250 #~ "original parent. The child is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not "
13251 #~ "necessarily have stopped by the completion of this call; use B<wait>(2) "
13252 #~ "to wait for the child to stop. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
13254 #~ "I<pid> で指定されたプロセスに接続 (attach) し、それを呼び出し元のプロセス"
13255 #~ "の 子プロセスとしてトレースできるようにする。子プロセスは "
13256 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> したかのように振舞う。呼び出し元のプロセスはそのほとんど"
13257 #~ "の目的において、 その子プロセスの実際の親になる (例えば、子プロセスのイベ"
13258 #~ "ントの 通知を受けとったり、 B<ps>(1) で親として表示されたりする)。しか"
13259 #~ "し、子プロセスで B<getppid>(2) を実行した場合には元の親プロセスの PID が"
13260 #~ "返される。 子プロセスには B<SIGSTOP> が送られるが、この呼び出しが完了する"
13261 #~ "までに 必ずしも停止するとは限らない。子プロセスの停止を待つには "
13262 #~ "B<wait>(2) を使用すること。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
13265 #~ "Tracing causes a few subtle differences in the semantics of traced "
13266 #~ "processes. For example, if a process is attached to with "
13267 #~ "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, its original parent can no longer receive notification "
13268 #~ "via B<wait>(2) when it stops, and there is no way for the new parent to "
13269 #~ "effectively simulate this notification."
13271 #~ "トレースすることによってトレースされるプロセスの動作に些細な違いが 起こる"
13272 #~ "ことがある。例えば、プロセスが B<PTRACE_ATTACH> によって接続された場合に"
13273 #~ "は、そのプロセスが停止した時でも本来の親は B<wait>(2) を使って通知を受け"
13274 #~ "ることができず、新しい親が効率よく この通知を真似る方法もない。"
13277 #~ "When the parent receives an event with B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> set, the child "
13278 #~ "is not in the normal signal delivery path. This means the parent cannot "
13279 #~ "do B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) with a signal or B<ptrace>(PTRACE_KILL). "
13280 #~ "B<kill>(2) with a B<SIGKILL> signal can be used instead to kill the "
13281 #~ "child process after receiving one of these messages."
13283 #~ "親プロセスが B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> がセットされたイベントを受信した場合、 子プ"
13284 #~ "ロセスは通常通りのシグナル配送が行われる状態にない。 つまり、親プロセス"
13285 #~ "が、 シグナルにより B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) を行ったり、 "
13286 #~ "B<ptrace>(PTRACE_KILL) を行ったりできないということである。 こららのメッ"
13287 #~ "セージの受信後は、子プロセスを終了 (kill) するのに、 シグナル B<SIGKILL> "
13288 #~ "を指定して B<kill>(2) を行う方法を代わりに使用できる。"
13291 #~ "The SunOS man page describes B<ptrace>() as \"unique and arcane\", which "
13292 #~ "it is. The proc-based debugging interface present in Solaris 2 "
13293 #~ "implements a superset of B<ptrace>() functionality in a more powerful "
13294 #~ "and uniform way."
13296 #~ "SunOS のマニュアル・ページには B<ptrace>() は「独特で不可解」と記述されて"
13297 #~ "おり、まさしくそうである。 Solaris 2 では proc ベースの デバッグのインター"
13298 #~ "フェースとして B<ptrace>() の上位互換関数が実装され、より強力で一貫性のあ"
13302 #~ "The second argument I<special> is the block special device these quota "
13303 #~ "apply to. It must be mounted."
13305 #~ "二番目の引き数 I<special> は quota を適用するデバイスのブロック・スペシャ"
13306 #~ "ル・ファイルである。 そのデバイスはマウントされていなくてはならない。"
13309 #~ "The third argument I<id> is the user or group ID these quota apply to "
13310 #~ "(when relevant)."
13312 #~ "三番目の引き数 I<id> には、(必要な場合に) quota を適用するユーザーもしくは"
13313 #~ "グループの ID を指定する。"
13316 #~ "The fourth argument I<addr> is the address of a data structure, depending "
13317 #~ "on the command."
13319 #~ "四番目の引き数 I<addr> には、コマンドごとに異ったデータ構造体のアドレスを"
13323 #~ "Enable quota. The I<addr> argument is the pathname of the file "
13324 #~ "containing the quota for the file system."
13326 #~ "quota を有効にする。 I<addr> 引き数には、そのファイル・システムの quota が"
13327 #~ "記録されているファイルの パス名を指定する。"
13329 #~ msgid "Disable quota."
13330 #~ msgstr "quota を無効にする。"
13332 #~ msgid "Set limits and current usage; I<addr> is as before."
13333 #~ msgstr "制限値と現在の使用量を設定する: I<addr> は同上。"
13335 #~ msgid "Set limits; I<addr> is as before."
13336 #~ msgstr "制限値を設定する; I<addr> は同上。"
13338 #~ msgid "Set usage."
13339 #~ msgstr "使用量を設定する。"
13341 #~ msgid "Sync disk copy of a file system's quota."
13342 #~ msgstr "ファイル・システムの quota ファイルをディスクと同期させる。"
13344 #~ msgid "Get collected stats."
13345 #~ msgstr "収集された統計を取得する。"
13348 #~ "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned, and "
13349 #~ "I<errno> is set appropriately."
13351 #~ "B<quotactl>() は、成功時には 0 を返す。エラー時は、-1 を返すとともに、 "
13352 #~ "I<errno> が適切な値に設定される。"
13354 #~ msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON> was asked, but quotas were enabled already."
13355 #~ msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON> の要求がなされたが、quota(s) は既に有効になっている。"
13357 #~ msgid "Bad I<addr> value."
13358 #~ msgstr "I<addr> の値に誤りがある。"
13361 #~ "I<type> is not a known quota type. Or, I<special> could not be found."
13363 #~ "I<type> が既知の quota の形式ではない。もしくは、 I<special> デバイスが見"
13366 #~ msgid "Too many open files: cannot open quota file."
13367 #~ msgstr "ファイルをオープンしすぎている: quota ファイルをオープン出来ない。"
13369 #~ msgid "I<special> cannot be found in the mount table."
13370 #~ msgstr "I<special> がマウント・テーブル内に見当たらない。"
13372 #~ msgid "The kernel was compiled without quota support."
13373 #~ msgstr "quota を使用可にしてカーネルをコンパイルしていない。"
13376 #~ "The process was not root (for the file system), and B<Q_GETQUOTA> was "
13377 #~ "asked for another I<id> than that of the process itself, or anything "
13378 #~ "other than B<Q_GETSTATS> or B<Q_SYNC> was asked."
13380 #~ "プロセスが (そのファイル・システムの) root のものではなく、 かつプロセス自"
13381 #~ "身のものとは異なる I<id> に対して B<Q_GETQUOTA> 要求を行なった。 もしく"
13382 #~ "は、 B<Q_GETSTATS>, B<Q_SYNC> 以外の要求がなされた。"
13385 #~ "B<Q_GETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETUSE> or B<Q_SETQLIM> was asked "
13386 #~ "for a file system that didn't have quota enabled."
13388 #~ "quota が有効になっていないファイル・システムに対して B<Q_GETQUOTA>, "
13389 #~ "B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<Q_SETUSE>, B<Q_SETQLIM> のいずれかの要求がなされた。"