ssh-keygen.c

   1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.266 2015/02/26 20:45:47 djm Exp $ */
   2 /*
   3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
   4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
   5  *                    All rights reserved
   6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
   7  *
   8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
   9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
  10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
  11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
  12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
  13  */
  14
  15 #include "includes.h"
  16
  17 #include <sys/types.h>
  18 #include <sys/socket.h>
  19 #include <sys/stat.h>
  20
  21 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
  22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
  23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
  24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
  25 #endif
  26
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <fcntl.h>
  29 #include <netdb.h>
  30 #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
  31 # include <paths.h>
  32 #endif
  33 #include <pwd.h>
  34 #include <stdarg.h>
  35 #include <stdio.h>
  36 #include <stdlib.h>
  37 #include <string.h>
  38 #include <unistd.h>
  39 #include <limits.h>
  40
  41 #include "xmalloc.h"
  42 #include "sshkey.h"
  43 #include "rsa.h"
  44 #include "authfile.h"
  45 #include "uuencode.h"
  46 #include "sshbuf.h"
  47 #include "pathnames.h"
  48 #include "log.h"
  49 #include "misc.h"
  50 #include "match.h"
  51 #include "hostfile.h"
  52 #include "dns.h"
  53 #include "ssh.h"
  54 #include "ssh2.h"
  55 #include "ssherr.h"
  56 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
  57 #include "atomicio.h"
  58 #include "krl.h"
  59 #include "digest.h"
  60
  61 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
  62 #define DEFAULT_BITS            2048
  63 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA        1024
  64 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA      256
  65 u_int32_t bits = 0;
  66
  67 /*
  68  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
  69  * set on the command line.
  70  */
  71 int change_passphrase = 0;
  72
  73 /*
  74  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
  75  * on the command line.
  76  */
  77 int change_comment = 0;
  78
  79 int quiet = 0;
  80
  81 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
  82
  83 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
  84 int hash_hosts = 0;
  85 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
  86 int find_host = 0;
  87 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
  88 int delete_host = 0;
  89
  90 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
  91 int show_cert = 0;
  92
  93 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
  94 int print_fingerprint = 0;
  95 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
  96
  97 /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */
  98 int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT;
  99
 100 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
 101 char identity_file[1024];
 102 int have_identity = 0;
 103
 104 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
 105 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
 106
 107 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
 108 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
 109
 110 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
 111 char *identity_comment = NULL;
 112
 113 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
 114 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
 115
 116 /* Certificate serial number */
 117 unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
 118
 119 /* Key type when certifying */
 120 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
 121
 122 /* "key ID" of signed key */
 123 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
 124
 125 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
 126 char *cert_principals = NULL;
 127
 128 /* Validity period for certificates */
 129 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
 130 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
 131
 132 /* Certificate options */
 133 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD   (1)
 134 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD       (1<<1)
 135 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD        (1<<2)
 136 #define CERTOPT_PTY             (1<<3)
 137 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
 138 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
 139                          CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
 140 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
 141 char *certflags_command = NULL;
 142 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
 143
 144 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
 145 int convert_to = 0;
 146 int convert_from = 0;
 147 enum {
 148         FMT_RFC4716,
 149         FMT_PKCS8,
 150         FMT_PEM
 151 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
 152 int print_public = 0;
 153 int print_generic = 0;
 154
 155 char *key_type_name = NULL;
 156
 157 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
 158 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
 159
 160 /* Use new OpenSSH private key format when writing SSH2 keys instead of PEM */
 161 int use_new_format = 0;
 162
 163 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
 164 char *new_format_cipher = NULL;
 165
 166 /*
 167  * Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys /
 168  * number of primality trials when screening moduli.
 169  */
 170 int rounds = 0;
 171
 172 /* argv0 */
 173 extern char *__progname;
 174
 175 char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
 176
 177 /* moduli.c */
 178 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
 179 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
 180     unsigned long);
 181
 182 static void
 183 type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp)
 184 {
 185 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 186         u_int maxbits;
 187         int nid;
 188 #endif
 189
 190         if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
 191                 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
 192                 exit(1);
 193         }
 194         if (*bitsp == 0) {
 195 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 196                 if (type == KEY_DSA)
 197                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
 198                 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA) {
 199                         if (name != NULL &&
 200                             (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0)
 201                                 *bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
 202                         if (*bitsp == 0)
 203                                 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
 204                 } else
 205 #endif
 206                         *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
 207         }
 208 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 209         maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
 210             OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
 211         if (*bitsp > maxbits) {
 212                 fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
 213                 exit(1);
 214         }
 215         if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
 216                 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
 217         else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && type != KEY_ED25519 && *bitsp < 768)
 218                 fatal("Key must at least be 768 bits");
 219         else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
 220                 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
 221                     "256, 384 or 521 bits");
 222 #endif
 223 }
 224
 225 static void
 226 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
 227 {
 228         char buf[1024];
 229         char *name = NULL;
 230
 231         if (key_type_name == NULL)
 232                 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 233         else {
 234                 switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
 235                 case KEY_RSA1:
 236                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
 237                         break;
 238                 case KEY_DSA_CERT:
 239                 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
 240                 case KEY_DSA:
 241                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
 242                         break;
 243 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 244                 case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
 245                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 246                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
 247                         break;
 248 #endif
 249                 case KEY_RSA_CERT:
 250                 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
 251                 case KEY_RSA:
 252                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
 253                         break;
 254                 case KEY_ED25519:
 255                 case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
 256                         name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
 257                         break;
 258                 default:
 259                         fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
 260                         exit(1);
 261                         break;
 262                 }
 263         }
 264         snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
 265         fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
 266         if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
 267                 exit(1);
 268         buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
 269         if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
 270                 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
 271         have_identity = 1;
 272 }
 273
 274 static struct sshkey *
 275 load_identity(char *filename)
 276 {
 277         char *pass;
 278         struct sshkey *prv;
 279         int r;
 280
 281         if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, NULL)) == 0)
 282                 return prv;
 283         if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
 284                 fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
 285         if (identity_passphrase)
 286                 pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
 287         else
 288                 pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
 289         r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, NULL);
 290         explicit_bzero(pass, strlen(pass));
 291         free(pass);
 292         if (r != 0)
 293                 fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
 294         return prv;
 295 }
 296
 297 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN            "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 298 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END              "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
 299 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN           "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
 300 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC       0x3f6ff9eb
 301
 302 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
 303 static void
 304 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k)
 305 {
 306         size_t len;
 307         u_char *blob;
 308         char comment[61];
 309         int r;
 310
 311         if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
 312                 fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
 313                 exit(1);
 314         }
 315         if ((r = sshkey_to_blob(k, &blob, &len)) != 0) {
 316                 fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
 317                 exit(1);
 318         }
 319         /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
 320         snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
 321             "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
 322             sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k),
 323             pw->pw_name, hostname);
 324
 325         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
 326         fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
 327         dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
 328         fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
 329         sshkey_free(k);
 330         free(blob);
 331         exit(0);
 332 }
 333
 334 static void
 335 do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k)
 336 {
 337         switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
 338         case KEY_RSA1:
 339         case KEY_RSA:
 340                 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
 341                         fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
 342                 break;
 343         case KEY_DSA:
 344                 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
 345                         fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
 346                 break;
 347 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 348         case KEY_ECDSA:
 349                 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
 350                         fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
 351                 break;
 352 #endif
 353         default:
 354                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
 355         }
 356         exit(0);
 357 }
 358
 359 static void
 360 do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k)
 361 {
 362         switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
 363         case KEY_RSA1:
 364         case KEY_RSA:
 365                 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
 366                         fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
 367                 break;
 368 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 369         case KEY_DSA:
 370                 if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
 371                         fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
 372                 break;
 373 #endif
 374         /* XXX ECDSA? */
 375         default:
 376                 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
 377         }
 378         exit(0);
 379 }
 380
 381 static void
 382 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
 383 {
 384         struct sshkey *k;
 385         struct stat st;
 386         int r;
 387
 388         if (!have_identity)
 389                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 390         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 391                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 392         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0)
 393                 k = load_identity(identity_file);
 394         switch (convert_format) {
 395         case FMT_RFC4716:
 396                 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
 397                 break;
 398         case FMT_PKCS8:
 399                 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
 400                 break;
 401         case FMT_PEM:
 402                 do_convert_to_pem(k);
 403                 break;
 404         default:
 405                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 406         }
 407         exit(0);
 408 }
 409
 410 /*
 411  * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length
 412  * instead of 16.
 413  */
 414 static void
 415 buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value)
 416 {
 417         u_int bytes, bignum_bits;
 418         int r;
 419
 420         if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0)
 421                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 422         bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
 423         if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes)
 424                 fatal("%s: input buffer too small: need %d have %zu",
 425                     __func__, bytes, sshbuf_len(b));
 426         if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
 427                 fatal("%s: BN_bin2bn failed", __func__);
 428         if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0)
 429                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 430 }
 431
 432 static struct sshkey *
 433 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
 434 {
 435         struct sshbuf *b;
 436         struct sshkey *key = NULL;
 437         char *type, *cipher;
 438         u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
 439         int r, rlen, ktype;
 440         u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4;
 441         size_t slen;
 442         u_long e;
 443
 444         if ((b = sshbuf_from(blob, blen)) == NULL)
 445                 fatal("%s: sshbuf_from failed", __func__);
 446         if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0)
 447                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 448
 449         if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
 450                 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic,
 451                     SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
 452                 sshbuf_free(b);
 453                 return NULL;
 454         }
 455         if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 ||
 456             (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 ||
 457             (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 ||
 458             (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 ||
 459             (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 ||
 460             (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0)
 461                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 462         debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
 463         if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
 464                 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
 465                 free(cipher);
 466                 sshbuf_free(b);
 467                 free(type);
 468                 return NULL;
 469         }
 470         free(cipher);
 471
 472         if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
 473                 ktype = KEY_DSA;
 474         } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
 475                 ktype = KEY_RSA;
 476         } else {
 477                 sshbuf_free(b);
 478                 free(type);
 479                 return NULL;
 480         }
 481         if ((key = sshkey_new_private(ktype)) == NULL)
 482                 fatal("key_new_private failed");
 483         free(type);
 484
 485         switch (key->type) {
 486         case KEY_DSA:
 487                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->p);
 488                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->g);
 489                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->q);
 490                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->pub_key);
 491                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->priv_key);
 492                 break;
 493         case KEY_RSA:
 494                 if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 ||
 495                     (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) ||
 496                     (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0))
 497                         fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
 498                 e = e1;
 499                 debug("e %lx", e);
 500                 if (e < 30) {
 501                         e <<= 8;
 502                         e += e2;
 503                         debug("e %lx", e);
 504                         e <<= 8;
 505                         e += e3;
 506                         debug("e %lx", e);
 507                 }
 508                 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
 509                         sshbuf_free(b);
 510                         sshkey_free(key);
 511                         return NULL;
 512                 }
 513                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->d);
 514                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->n);
 515                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->iqmp);
 516                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->q);
 517                 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->p);
 518                 if ((r = rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa)) != 0)
 519                         fatal("generate RSA parameters failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
 520                 break;
 521         }
 522         rlen = sshbuf_len(b);
 523         if (rlen != 0)
 524                 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
 525                     "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
 526         sshbuf_free(b);
 527
 528         /* try the key */
 529         if (sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data), 0) != 0 ||
 530             sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data), 0) != 0) {
 531                 sshkey_free(key);
 532                 free(sig);
 533                 return NULL;
 534         }
 535         free(sig);
 536         return key;
 537 }
 538
 539 static int
 540 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
 541 {
 542         int c;
 543         size_t pos = 0;
 544
 545         line[0] = '\0';
 546         while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
 547                 if (pos >= len - 1) {
 548                         fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
 549                         exit(1);
 550                 }
 551                 switch (c) {
 552                 case '\r':
 553                         c = fgetc(fp);
 554                         if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
 555                                 fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 556                                 exit(1);
 557                         }
 558                         return pos;
 559                 case '\n':
 560                         return pos;
 561                 }
 562                 line[pos++] = c;
 563                 line[pos] = '\0';
 564         }
 565         /* We reached EOF */
 566         return -1;
 567 }
 568
 569 static void
 570 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private)
 571 {
 572         int r, blen, escaped = 0;
 573         u_int len;
 574         char line[1024];
 575         u_char blob[8096];
 576         char encoded[8096];
 577         FILE *fp;
 578
 579         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 580                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 581         encoded[0] = '\0';
 582         while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
 583                 if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
 584                         escaped++;
 585                 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
 586                     strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
 587                         if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
 588                                 *private = 1;
 589                         if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
 590                                 break;
 591                         }
 592                         /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
 593                         continue;
 594                 }
 595                 if (escaped) {
 596                         escaped--;
 597                         /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
 598                         continue;
 599                 }
 600                 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
 601         }
 602         len = strlen(encoded);
 603         if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
 604             (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
 605             (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
 606             (encoded[len-3] == '='))
 607                 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
 608         blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
 609         if (blen < 0) {
 610                 fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
 611                 exit(1);
 612         }
 613         if (*private)
 614                 *k = do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen);
 615         else if ((r = sshkey_from_blob(blob, blen, k)) != 0) {
 616                 fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
 617                 exit(1);
 618         }
 619         fclose(fp);
 620 }
 621
 622 static void
 623 do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
 624 {
 625         EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
 626         FILE *fp;
 627
 628         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 629                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 630         if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
 631                 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
 632                     identity_file);
 633         }
 634         fclose(fp);
 635         switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
 636         case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
 637                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 638                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 639                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 640                 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
 641                 break;
 642         case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
 643                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 644                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 645                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 646                 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
 647                 break;
 648 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 649         case EVP_PKEY_EC:
 650                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 651                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 652                 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
 653                 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
 654                 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
 655                 break;
 656 #endif
 657         default:
 658                 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
 659                     EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
 660         }
 661         EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
 662         return;
 663 }
 664
 665 static void
 666 do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
 667 {
 668         FILE *fp;
 669         RSA *rsa;
 670 #ifdef notyet
 671         DSA *dsa;
 672 #endif
 673
 674         if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 675                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 676         if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 677                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 678                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 679                 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
 680                 (*k)->rsa = rsa;
 681                 fclose(fp);
 682                 return;
 683         }
 684 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
 685         rewind(fp);
 686         if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
 687                 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 688                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 689                 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
 690                 (*k)->dsa = dsa;
 691                 fclose(fp);
 692                 return;
 693         }
 694         /* XXX ECDSA */
 695 #endif
 696         fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
 697 }
 698
 699 static void
 700 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
 701 {
 702         struct sshkey *k = NULL;
 703         int r, private = 0, ok = 0;
 704         struct stat st;
 705
 706         if (!have_identity)
 707                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 708         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
 709                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 710
 711         switch (convert_format) {
 712         case FMT_RFC4716:
 713                 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
 714                 break;
 715         case FMT_PKCS8:
 716                 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
 717                 break;
 718         case FMT_PEM:
 719                 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
 720                 break;
 721         default:
 722                 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
 723         }
 724
 725         if (!private) {
 726                 if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0)
 727                         ok = 1;
 728                 if (ok)
 729                         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 730         } else {
 731                 switch (k->type) {
 732                 case KEY_DSA:
 733                         ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
 734                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 735                         break;
 736 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 737                 case KEY_ECDSA:
 738                         ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
 739                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 740                         break;
 741 #endif
 742                 case KEY_RSA:
 743                         ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
 744                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
 745                         break;
 746                 default:
 747                         fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
 748                             sshkey_type(k));
 749                 }
 750         }
 751
 752         if (!ok) {
 753                 fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
 754                 exit(1);
 755         }
 756         sshkey_free(k);
 757         exit(0);
 758 }
 759 #endif
 760
 761 static void
 762 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
 763 {
 764         struct sshkey *prv;
 765         struct stat st;
 766         int r;
 767
 768         if (!have_identity)
 769                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 770         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 771                 perror(identity_file);
 772                 exit(1);
 773         }
 774         prv = load_identity(identity_file);
 775         if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0)
 776                 fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
 777         sshkey_free(prv);
 778         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 779         exit(0);
 780 }
 781
 782 static void
 783 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
 784 {
 785 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
 786         struct sshkey **keys = NULL;
 787         int i, nkeys;
 788         enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
 789         int fptype;
 790         char *fp, *ra;
 791
 792         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
 793         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
 794
 795         pkcs11_init(0);
 796         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
 797         if (nkeys <= 0)
 798                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
 799         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
 800                 if (print_fingerprint) {
 801                         fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
 802                         ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash,
 803                             SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 804                         if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
 805                                 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
 806                         printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]),
 807                             fp, sshkey_type(keys[i]));
 808                         if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 809                                 printf("%s\n", ra);
 810                         free(ra);
 811                         free(fp);
 812                 } else {
 813                         (void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */
 814                         fprintf(stdout, "\n");
 815                 }
 816                 sshkey_free(keys[i]);
 817         }
 818         free(keys);
 819         pkcs11_terminate();
 820         exit(0);
 821 #else
 822         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
 823 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
 824 }
 825
 826 static void
 827 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
 828 {
 829         FILE *f;
 830         struct sshkey *public;
 831         char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
 832         int r, i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
 833         enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
 834         int fptype;
 835         struct stat st;
 836
 837         fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
 838         rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
 839         if (!have_identity)
 840                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
 841         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
 842                 perror(identity_file);
 843                 exit(1);
 844         }
 845         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &public, &comment)) != 0)
 846                 debug2("Error loading public key \"%s\": %s",
 847                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
 848         else {
 849                 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 850                 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
 851                     SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 852                 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
 853                         fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
 854                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp, comment,
 855                     sshkey_type(public));
 856                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 857                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 858                 sshkey_free(public);
 859                 free(comment);
 860                 free(ra);
 861                 free(fp);
 862                 exit(0);
 863         }
 864         if (comment) {
 865                 free(comment);
 866                 comment = NULL;
 867         }
 868
 869         if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
 870                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
 871
 872         while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
 873                 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
 874                         error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
 875                             num + 1, line);
 876                         skip = 1;
 877                         continue;
 878                 }
 879                 num++;
 880                 if (skip) {
 881                         skip = 0;
 882                         continue;
 883                 }
 884                 *cp = '\0';
 885
 886                 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
 887                 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
 888                         ;
 889                 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
 890                         continue;
 891                 i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
 892                 if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
 893                         int quoted = 0;
 894                         comment = cp;
 895                         for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
 896                             *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
 897                                 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
 898                                         cp++;   /* Skip both */
 899                                 else if (*cp == '"')
 900                                         quoted = !quoted;
 901                         }
 902                         if (!*cp)
 903                                 continue;
 904                         *cp++ = '\0';
 905                 }
 906                 ep = cp;
 907                 if ((public = sshkey_new(KEY_RSA1)) == NULL)
 908                         fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 909                 if ((r = sshkey_read(public, &cp)) != 0) {
 910                         cp = ep;
 911                         sshkey_free(public);
 912                         if ((public = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
 913                                 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
 914                         if ((r = sshkey_read(public, &cp)) != 0) {
 915                                 sshkey_free(public);
 916                                 continue;
 917                         }
 918                 }
 919                 comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
 920                 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
 921                 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
 922                     SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
 923                 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
 924                         fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
 925                 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp,
 926                     comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public));
 927                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
 928                         printf("%s\n", ra);
 929                 free(ra);
 930                 free(fp);
 931                 sshkey_free(public);
 932                 invalid = 0;
 933         }
 934         fclose(f);
 935
 936         if (invalid) {
 937                 printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
 938                 exit(1);
 939         }
 940         exit(0);
 941 }
 942
 943 static void
 944 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
 945 {
 946         struct {
 947                 char *key_type;
 948                 char *key_type_display;
 949                 char *path;
 950         } key_types[] = {
 951                 { "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
 952                 { "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
 953                 { "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
 954 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
 955                 { "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
 956 #endif
 957                 { "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
 958                 { NULL, NULL, NULL }
 959         };
 960
 961         int first = 0;
 962         struct stat st;
 963         struct sshkey *private, *public;
 964         char comment[1024];
 965         int i, type, fd, r;
 966         FILE *f;
 967
 968         for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
 969                 if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
 970                         continue;
 971                 if (errno != ENOENT) {
 972                         printf("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
 973                             strerror(errno));
 974                         first = 0;
 975                         continue;
 976                 }
 977
 978                 if (first == 0) {
 979                         first = 1;
 980                         printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
 981                 }
 982                 printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
 983                 fflush(stdout);
 984                 type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
 985                 strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
 986                 bits = 0;
 987                 type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits);
 988                 if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
 989                         fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed: %s\n",
 990                             ssh_err(r));
 991                         first = 0;
 992                         continue;
 993                 }
 994                 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
 995                         fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
 996                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
 997                     hostname);
 998                 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, "",
 999                     comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1000                         printf("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s\n", identity_file,
1001                             ssh_err(r));
1002                         sshkey_free(private);
1003                         sshkey_free(public);
1004                         first = 0;
1005                         continue;
1006                 }
1007                 sshkey_free(private);
1008                 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1009                 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1010                 if (fd == -1) {
1011                         printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n",
1012                             identity_file);
1013                         sshkey_free(public);
1014                         first = 0;
1015                         continue;
1016                 }
1017                 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1018                 if (f == NULL) {
1019                         printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1020                         close(fd);
1021                         sshkey_free(public);
1022                         first = 0;
1023                         continue;
1024                 }
1025                 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0) {
1026                         fprintf(stderr, "write key failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
1027                         fclose(f);
1028                         sshkey_free(public);
1029                         first = 0;
1030                         continue;
1031                 }
1032                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1033                 fclose(f);
1034                 sshkey_free(public);
1035
1036         }
1037         if (first != 0)
1038                 printf("\n");
1039 }
1040
1041 struct known_hosts_ctx {
1042         const char *host;       /* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */
1043         FILE *out;              /* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */
1044         int has_unhashed;       /* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */
1045         int found_key;          /* For find/delete, host was found */
1046         int invalid;            /* File contained invalid items; don't delete */
1047 };
1048
1049 static int
1050 known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1051 {
1052         struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1053         char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts;
1054         int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts);
1055
1056         switch (l->status) {
1057         case HKF_STATUS_OK:
1058         case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED:
1059                 /*
1060                  * Don't hash hosts already already hashed, with wildcard
1061                  * characters or a CA/revocation marker.
1062                  */
1063                 if ((l->match & HKF_MATCH_HOST_HASHED) != 0 ||
1064                     has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1065                         fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1066                         if (has_wild && !find_host) {
1067                                 fprintf(stderr, "%s:%ld: ignoring host name "
1068                                     "with wildcard: %.64s\n", l->path,
1069                                     l->linenum, l->hosts);
1070                         }
1071                         return 0;
1072                 }
1073                 /*
1074                  * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list,
1075                  * hash and store separately.
1076                  */
1077                 ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts);
1078                 while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') {
1079                         if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1080                                 fatal("hash_host failed");
1081                         fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey);
1082                         ctx->has_unhashed = 1;
1083                 }
1084                 free(ohosts);
1085                 return 0;
1086         case HKF_STATUS_INVALID:
1087                 /* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */
1088                 ctx->invalid = 1;
1089                 fprintf(stderr, "%s:%ld: invalid line\n", l->path, l->linenum);
1090                 /* FALLTHROUGH */
1091         default:
1092                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1093                 return 0;
1094         }
1095         /* NOTREACHED */
1096         return -1;
1097 }
1098
1099 static int
1100 known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1101 {
1102         struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1103
1104         if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) {
1105                 if (delete_host) {
1106                         if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1107                                 /* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */
1108                                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1109                         } else {
1110                                 /*
1111                                  * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke
1112                                  * marker, delete it by *not* writing the
1113                                  * line to ctx->out.
1114                                  */
1115                                 ctx->found_key = 1;
1116                                 if (!quiet)
1117                                         printf("# Host %s found: line %ld\n",
1118                                             ctx->host, l->linenum);
1119                         }
1120                         return 0;
1121                 } else if (find_host) {
1122                         ctx->found_key = 1;
1123                         if (!quiet) {
1124                                 printf("# Host %s found: line %ld %s\n",
1125                                     ctx->host,
1126                                     l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" :
1127                                     (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : ""));
1128                         }
1129                         if (hash_hosts)
1130                                 known_hosts_hash(l, ctx);
1131                         else
1132                                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1133                         return 0;
1134                 }
1135         } else if (delete_host) {
1136                 /* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */
1137                 if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) {
1138                         ctx->invalid = 1;
1139                         fprintf(stderr, "%s:%ld: invalid line\n",
1140                             l->path, l->linenum);
1141                 }
1142                 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1143         }
1144         return 0;
1145 }
1146
1147 static void
1148 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
1149 {
1150         char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX];
1151         int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0;
1152         struct known_hosts_ctx ctx;
1153
1154         if (!have_identity) {
1155                 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1156                 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1157                     sizeof(identity_file))
1158                         fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1159                 free(cp);
1160                 have_identity = 1;
1161         }
1162
1163         memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
1164         ctx.out = stdout;
1165         ctx.host = name;
1166
1167         /*
1168          * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1169          * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1170          */
1171         if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1172                 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1173                     strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1174                     strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1175                     strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1176                         fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1177                 umask(077);
1178                 if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1179                         fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1180                 if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1181                         oerrno = errno;
1182                         unlink(tmp);
1183                         fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno));
1184                 }
1185                 inplace = 1;
1186         }
1187
1188         /* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */
1189         if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file,
1190             hash_hosts ? known_hosts_hash : known_hosts_find_delete, &ctx,
1191             name, NULL, find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0)) != 0)
1192                 fatal("%s: hostkeys_foreach failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1193
1194         if (inplace)
1195                 fclose(ctx.out);
1196
1197         if (ctx.invalid) {
1198                 fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
1199                     identity_file);
1200                 if (inplace) {
1201                         fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1202                             "file because of errors\n");
1203                         unlink(tmp);
1204                 }
1205                 exit(1);
1206         } else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) {
1207                 fprintf(stderr, "Host %s not found in %s\n",
1208                     name, identity_file);
1209                 unlink(tmp);
1210         } else if (inplace) {
1211                 /* Backup existing file */
1212                 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1213                         fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1214                 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1215                         fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1216                             strerror(errno));
1217                 /* Move new one into place */
1218                 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1219                         error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1220                             strerror(errno));
1221                         unlink(tmp);
1222                         unlink(old);
1223                         exit(1);
1224                 }
1225
1226                 fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1227                 fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1228                 if (ctx.has_unhashed) {
1229                         fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1230                             "entries\n", old);
1231                         fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1232                             "of hostnames\n");
1233                 }
1234         }
1235
1236         exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key);
1237 }
1238
1239 /*
1240  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1241  * for the current user.
1242  */
1243 static void
1244 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1245 {
1246         char *comment;
1247         char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1248         struct stat st;
1249         struct sshkey *private;
1250         int r;
1251
1252         if (!have_identity)
1253                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1254         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1255                 perror(identity_file);
1256                 exit(1);
1257         }
1258         /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1259         r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment);
1260         if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1261                 if (identity_passphrase)
1262                         old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1263                 else
1264                         old_passphrase =
1265                             read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1266                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1267                 r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1268                     &private, &comment);
1269                 explicit_bzero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1270                 free(old_passphrase);
1271                 if (r != 0)
1272                         goto badkey;
1273         } else if (r != 0) {
1274  badkey:
1275                 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to load key \"%s\": %s\n",
1276                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1277                 exit(1);
1278         }
1279         if (comment)
1280                 printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1281
1282         /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1283         if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1284                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1285                 passphrase2 = NULL;
1286         } else {
1287                 passphrase1 =
1288                         read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1289                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1290                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1291                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1292
1293                 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1294                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1295                         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1296                         explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1297                         free(passphrase1);
1298                         free(passphrase2);
1299                         printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1300                         exit(1);
1301                 }
1302                 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1303                 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1304                 free(passphrase2);
1305         }
1306
1307         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1308         if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
1309             comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1310                 printf("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s.\n",
1311                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1312                 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1313                 free(passphrase1);
1314                 sshkey_free(private);
1315                 free(comment);
1316                 exit(1);
1317         }
1318         /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1319         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1320         free(passphrase1);
1321         sshkey_free(private);            /* Destroys contents */
1322         free(comment);
1323
1324         printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1325         exit(0);
1326 }
1327
1328 /*
1329  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1330  */
1331 static int
1332 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1333 {
1334         struct sshkey *public;
1335         char *comment = NULL;
1336         struct stat st;
1337         int r;
1338
1339         if (fname == NULL)
1340                 fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1341         if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1342                 if (errno == ENOENT)
1343                         return 0;
1344                 perror(fname);
1345                 exit(1);
1346         }
1347         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0) {
1348                 printf("Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\": %s.\n",
1349                     fname, ssh_err(r));
1350                 exit(1);
1351         }
1352         export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1353         sshkey_free(public);
1354         free(comment);
1355         return 1;
1356 }
1357
1358 /*
1359  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1360  */
1361 static void
1362 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1363 {
1364         char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1365         struct sshkey *private;
1366         struct sshkey *public;
1367         struct stat st;
1368         FILE *f;
1369         int r, fd;
1370
1371         if (!have_identity)
1372                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1373         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1374                 perror(identity_file);
1375                 exit(1);
1376         }
1377         if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "",
1378             &private, &comment)) == 0)
1379                 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1380         else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1381                 printf("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.\n",
1382                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1383                 exit(1);
1384         } else {
1385                 if (identity_passphrase)
1386                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1387                 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1388                         passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1389                 else
1390                         passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1391                             RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1392                 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1393                 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase,
1394                     &private, &comment)) != 0) {
1395                         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1396                         free(passphrase);
1397                         printf("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.\n",
1398                             identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1399                         exit(1);
1400                 }
1401         }
1402         if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1403                 fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1404                 sshkey_free(private);
1405                 exit(1);
1406         }
1407         printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1408
1409         if (identity_comment) {
1410                 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1411         } else {
1412                 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1413                 fflush(stdout);
1414                 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1415                         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1416                         sshkey_free(private);
1417                         exit(1);
1418                 }
1419                 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1420         }
1421
1422         /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1423         if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
1424             new_comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1425                 printf("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s\n",
1426                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1427                 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1428                 free(passphrase);
1429                 sshkey_free(private);
1430                 free(comment);
1431                 exit(1);
1432         }
1433         explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1434         free(passphrase);
1435         if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1436                 fatal("key_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1437         sshkey_free(private);
1438
1439         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1440         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1441         if (fd == -1) {
1442                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1443                 exit(1);
1444         }
1445         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1446         if (f == NULL) {
1447                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1448                 exit(1);
1449         }
1450         if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1451                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
1452         sshkey_free(public);
1453         fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1454         fclose(f);
1455
1456         free(comment);
1457
1458         printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1459         exit(0);
1460 }
1461
1462 static const char *
1463 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1464 {
1465         char from[32], to[32];
1466         static char ret[64];
1467         time_t tt;
1468         struct tm *tm;
1469
1470         *from = *to = '\0';
1471         if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1472                 return "forever";
1473
1474         if (valid_from != 0) {
1475                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1476                 tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1477                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1478                 strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1479         }
1480         if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1481                 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1482                 tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1483                 tm = localtime(&tt);
1484                 strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1485         }
1486
1487         if (valid_from == 0) {
1488                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1489                 return ret;
1490         }
1491         if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1492                 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1493                 return ret;
1494         }
1495
1496         snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1497         return ret;
1498 }
1499
1500 static void
1501 add_flag_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name)
1502 {
1503         int r;
1504
1505         debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1506         if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1507             (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0)
1508                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1509 }
1510
1511 static void
1512 add_string_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1513 {
1514         struct sshbuf *b;
1515         int r;
1516
1517         debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1518         if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1519                 fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1520         if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, value)) != 0 ||
1521             (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1522             (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0)
1523                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1524
1525         sshbuf_free(b);
1526 }
1527
1528 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL        1
1529 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS      2
1530 static void
1531 prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which)
1532 {
1533         sshbuf_reset(c);
1534         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1535             certflags_command != NULL)
1536                 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1537         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1538             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1539                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1540         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1541             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1542                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1543         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1544             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1545                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1546         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1547             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1548                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1549         if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1550             (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1551                 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1552         if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1553             certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1554                 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1555 }
1556
1557 static struct sshkey *
1558 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1559 {
1560 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1561         struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1562         int r, i, nkeys;
1563
1564         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0)
1565                 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\": %s",
1566                     path, ssh_err(r));
1567
1568         nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1569         debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1570         if (nkeys <= 0)
1571                 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1572         for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1573                 if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1574                         private = keys[i];
1575                         continue;
1576                 }
1577                 sshkey_free(keys[i]);
1578         }
1579         free(keys);
1580         sshkey_free(public);
1581         return private;
1582 #else
1583         fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1584 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1585 }
1586
1587 static void
1588 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1589 {
1590         int r, i, fd;
1591         u_int n;
1592         struct sshkey *ca, *public;
1593         char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1594         FILE *f;
1595         int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1596
1597         if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1598                 switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1599                 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1600                 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1601                         v00 = 1;
1602                         break;
1603                 case KEY_UNSPEC:
1604                         if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1605                                 v00 = 1;
1606                                 break;
1607                         } else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1608                                 break;
1609                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
1610                 default:
1611                         fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1612                         exit(1);
1613                 }
1614         }
1615
1616 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1617         pkcs11_init(1);
1618 #endif
1619         tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1620         if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1621                 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1622                         fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1623         } else
1624                 ca = load_identity(tmp);
1625         free(tmp);
1626
1627         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1628                 /* Split list of principals */
1629                 n = 0;
1630                 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1631                         otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1632                         plist = NULL;
1633                         for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1634                                 plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1635                                 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1636                                         fatal("Empty principal name");
1637                         }
1638                         free(otmp);
1639                 }
1640
1641                 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1642                 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1643                         fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\": %s",
1644                             __func__, tmp, ssh_err(r));
1645                 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1646                     public->type != KEY_ECDSA && public->type != KEY_ED25519)
1647                         fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1648                             __func__, tmp, sshkey_type(public));
1649
1650                 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1651                 if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public, v00)) != 0)
1652                         fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate: %s",
1653                             tmp, ssh_err(r));
1654                 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1655                 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1656                 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1657                 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1658                 public->cert->principals = plist;
1659                 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1660                 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1661                 if (v00) {
1662                         prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical,
1663                             OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1664                 } else {
1665                         prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical,
1666                             OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1667                         prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1668                             OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1669                 }
1670                 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca,
1671                     &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0)
1672                         fatal("key_from_private (ca key): %s", ssh_err(r));
1673
1674                 if (sshkey_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1675                         fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1676
1677                 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1678                         *cp = '\0';
1679                 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1680                 free(tmp);
1681
1682                 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1683                         fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1684                             strerror(errno));
1685                 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1686                         fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1687                 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1688                         fatal("Could not write certified key to %s: %s",
1689                             out, ssh_err(r));
1690                 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1691                 fclose(f);
1692
1693                 if (!quiet) {
1694                         logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1695                             "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public),
1696                             out, public->cert->key_id,
1697                             (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1698                             cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1699                             cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1700                             fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1701                 }
1702
1703                 sshkey_free(public);
1704                 free(out);
1705         }
1706 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1707         pkcs11_terminate();
1708 #endif
1709         exit(0);
1710 }
1711
1712 static u_int64_t
1713 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1714 {
1715         int64_t mul, secs;
1716
1717         mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1718
1719         if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1720                 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1721         if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1722                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1723         return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1724 }
1725
1726 static u_int64_t
1727 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1728 {
1729         struct tm tm;
1730         time_t tt;
1731         char buf[32], *fmt;
1732
1733         /*
1734          * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1735          * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1736          * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1737          */
1738         switch (strlen(s)) {
1739         case 8:
1740                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1741                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1742                 break;
1743         case 14:
1744                 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1745                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1746                     s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1747                 break;
1748         default:
1749                 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1750         }
1751
1752         memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
1753         if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1754                 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1755         if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1756                 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1757         return (u_int64_t)tt;
1758 }
1759
1760 static void
1761 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1762 {
1763         char *from, *to;
1764         time_t now = time(NULL);
1765         int64_t secs;
1766
1767         /* +timespec relative to now */
1768         if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1769                 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1770                         fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1771                 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1772                 /*
1773                  * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1774                  * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1775                  */
1776                 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1777                 return;
1778         }
1779
1780         /*
1781          * from:to, where
1782          * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1783          *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1784          */
1785         from = xstrdup(timespec);
1786         to = strchr(from, ':');
1787         if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1788                 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1789         *to++ = '\0';
1790
1791         if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1792                 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1793         else
1794                 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1795
1796         if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1797                 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1798         else
1799                 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1800
1801         if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1802                 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1803         free(from);
1804 }
1805
1806 static void
1807 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1808 {
1809         char *val;
1810
1811         if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1812                 certflags_flags = 0;
1813         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1814                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1815         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1816                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1817         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1818                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1819         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1820                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1821         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1822                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1823         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1824                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1825         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1826                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1827         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1828                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1829         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1830                 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1831         else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1832                 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1833         else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1834                 val = opt + 14;
1835                 if (*val == '\0')
1836                         fatal("Empty force-command option");
1837                 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1838                         fatal("force-command already specified");
1839                 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1840         } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1841                 val = opt + 15;
1842                 if (*val == '\0')
1843                         fatal("Empty source-address option");
1844                 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1845                         fatal("source-address already specified");
1846                 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1847                         fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1848                 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1849         } else
1850                 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1851 }
1852
1853 static void
1854 show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1855 {
1856         char *name, *arg;
1857         struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL;
1858         int r;
1859
1860         if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL)
1861                 fatal("%s: sshbuf_fromb failed", __func__);
1862         while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) {
1863                 sshbuf_free(option);
1864                 option = NULL;
1865                 if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 ||
1866                     (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0)
1867                         fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1868                 printf("                %s", name);
1869                 if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1870                     (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1871                     strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1872                     strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1873                     strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1874                     strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1875                         printf("\n");
1876                 else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1877                     (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1878                     strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1879                         if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0)
1880                                 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
1881                                     __func__, ssh_err(r));
1882                         printf(" %s\n", arg);
1883                         free(arg);
1884                 } else {
1885                         printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %zu)\n",
1886                             sshbuf_len(option));
1887                         sshbuf_reset(option);
1888                 }
1889                 free(name);
1890                 if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0)
1891                         fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1892         }
1893         sshbuf_free(option);
1894         sshbuf_free(options);
1895 }
1896
1897 static void
1898 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1899 {
1900         struct sshkey *key;
1901         struct stat st;
1902         char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1903         u_int i, v00;
1904         int r;
1905
1906         if (!have_identity)
1907                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1908         if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1909                 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1910         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &key, NULL)) != 0)
1911                 fatal("Cannot load public key \"%s\": %s",
1912                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1913         if (!sshkey_is_cert(key))
1914                 fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1915         v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1916
1917         key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1918         ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1919             fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1920         if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL)
1921                 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1922
1923         printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1924         printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key),
1925             sshkey_cert_type(key));
1926         printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp);
1927         printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1928             sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1929         printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1930         if (!v00) {
1931                 printf("        Serial: %llu\n",
1932                     (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1933         }
1934         printf("        Valid: %s\n",
1935             fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1936         printf("        Principals: ");
1937         if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1938                 printf("(none)\n");
1939         else {
1940                 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1941                         printf("\n                %s",
1942                             key->cert->principals[i]);
1943                 printf("\n");
1944         }
1945         printf("        Critical Options: ");
1946         if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
1947                 printf("(none)\n");
1948         else {
1949                 printf("\n");
1950                 show_options(key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1951         }
1952         if (!v00) {
1953                 printf("        Extensions: ");
1954                 if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1955                         printf("(none)\n");
1956                 else {
1957                         printf("\n");
1958                         show_options(key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1959                 }
1960         }
1961         exit(0);
1962 }
1963
1964 static void
1965 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
1966 {
1967         struct sshbuf *krlbuf;
1968         int r, fd;
1969
1970         if ((krlbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1971                 fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
1972         if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1973                 fatal("open %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1974         if ((r = sshkey_load_file(fd, krlbuf)) != 0)
1975                 fatal("Unable to load KRL: %s", ssh_err(r));
1976         close(fd);
1977         /* XXX check sigs */
1978         if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0)) != 0 ||
1979             *krlp == NULL)
1980                 fatal("Invalid KRL file: %s", ssh_err(r));
1981         sshbuf_free(krlbuf);
1982 }
1983
1984 static void
1985 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca,
1986     const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl)
1987 {
1988         struct sshkey *key = NULL;
1989         u_long lnum = 0;
1990         char *path, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1991         unsigned long long serial, serial2;
1992         int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, r;
1993         FILE *krl_spec;
1994
1995         path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
1996         if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
1997                 krl_spec = stdin;
1998                 free(path);
1999                 path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
2000         } else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
2001                 fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
2002
2003         if (!quiet)
2004                 printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
2005         while (read_keyfile_line(krl_spec, path, line, sizeof(line),
2006             &lnum) == 0) {
2007                 was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = 0;
2008                 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2009                 /* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
2010                 for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
2011                         if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
2012                                 cp[i] = '\0';
2013                                 break;
2014                         }
2015                         if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
2016                                 /* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
2017                                 if (r == -1)
2018                                         r = i;
2019                         } else
2020                                 r = -1;
2021                 }
2022                 if (r != -1)
2023                         cp[r] = '\0';
2024                 if (*cp == '\0')
2025                         continue;
2026                 if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
2027                         if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2028                                 fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
2029                                     "requires specification of a CA key");
2030                         }
2031                         cp += 7;
2032                         cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2033                         errno = 0;
2034                         serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2035                         if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
2036                                 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2037                                     path, lnum, cp);
2038                         if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
2039                                 fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2040                                     path, lnum);
2041                         serial2 = serial;
2042                         if (*ep == '-') {
2043                                 cp = ep + 1;
2044                                 errno = 0;
2045                                 serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2046                                 if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
2047                                         fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2048                                             path, lnum, cp);
2049                                 if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2050                                         fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2051                                             path, lnum);
2052                                 if (serial2 <= serial)
2053                                         fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2054                                             "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2055                                             (unsigned long long)serial,
2056                                             (unsigned long long)serial2);
2057                         }
2058                         if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2059                             ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2060                                 fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2061                                     __func__);
2062                         }
2063                 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2064                         if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2065                                 fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2066                                     "requires specification of a CA key");
2067                         }
2068                         cp += 3;
2069                         cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2070                         if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2071                                 fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2072                 } else {
2073                         if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2074                                 cp += 4;
2075                                 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2076                                 was_explicit_key = 1;
2077                         } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2078                                 cp += 5;
2079                                 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2080                                 was_sha1 = 1;
2081                         } else {
2082                                 /*
2083                                  * Just try to process the line as a key.
2084                                  * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2085                                  */
2086                         }
2087                         if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2088                                 fatal("key_new");
2089                         if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0)
2090                                 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s",
2091                                     path, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2092                         if (was_explicit_key)
2093                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2094                         else if (was_sha1)
2095                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, key);
2096                         else
2097                                 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2098                         if (r != 0)
2099                                 fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2100                                     __func__, ssh_err(r));
2101                         sshkey_free(key);
2102                 }
2103         }
2104         if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2105                 fclose(krl_spec);
2106         free(path);
2107 }
2108
2109 static void
2110 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, int argc, char **argv)
2111 {
2112         struct ssh_krl *krl;
2113         struct stat sb;
2114         struct sshkey *ca = NULL;
2115         int fd, i, r, wild_ca = 0;
2116         char *tmp;
2117         struct sshbuf *kbuf;
2118
2119         if (*identity_file == '\0')
2120                 fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2121         if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2122                 if (errno != ENOENT)
2123                         fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2124                             identity_file, strerror(errno));
2125                 if (updating)
2126                         fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2127         }
2128         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2129                 if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0)
2130                         wild_ca = 1;
2131                 else {
2132                         tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2133                         if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
2134                                 fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
2135                                     tmp, ssh_err(r));
2136                         free(tmp);
2137                 }
2138         }
2139
2140         if (updating)
2141                 load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2142         else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2143                 fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2144
2145         if (cert_serial != 0)
2146                 ssh_krl_set_version(krl, cert_serial);
2147         if (identity_comment != NULL)
2148                 ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, identity_comment);
2149
2150         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2151                 update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl);
2152
2153         if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2154                 fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2155         if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2156                 fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2157         if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2158                 fatal("open %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2159         if (atomicio(vwrite, fd, (void *)sshbuf_ptr(kbuf), sshbuf_len(kbuf)) !=
2160             sshbuf_len(kbuf))
2161                 fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2162         close(fd);
2163         sshbuf_free(kbuf);
2164         ssh_krl_free(krl);
2165         if (ca != NULL)
2166                 sshkey_free(ca);
2167 }
2168
2169 static void
2170 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
2171 {
2172         int i, r, ret = 0;
2173         char *comment;
2174         struct ssh_krl *krl;
2175         struct sshkey *k;
2176
2177         if (*identity_file == '\0')
2178                 fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2179         load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2180         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2181                 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0)
2182                         fatal("Cannot load public key %s: %s",
2183                             argv[i], ssh_err(r));
2184                 r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2185                 printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2186                     *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2187                     r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2188                 if (r != 0)
2189                         ret = 1;
2190                 sshkey_free(k);
2191                 free(comment);
2192         }
2193         ssh_krl_free(krl);
2194         exit(ret);
2195 }
2196
2197 static void
2198 usage(void)
2199 {
2200         fprintf(stderr,
2201             "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-t dsa | ecdsa | ed25519 | rsa | rsa1]\n"
2202             "                  [-N new_passphrase] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]\n"
2203             "       ssh-keygen -p [-P old_passphrase] [-N new_passphrase] [-f keyfile]\n"
2204             "       ssh-keygen -i [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2205             "       ssh-keygen -e [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2206             "       ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2207             "       ssh-keygen -c [-P passphrase] [-C comment] [-f keyfile]\n"
2208             "       ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2209             "       ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n");
2210 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2211         fprintf(stderr,
2212             "       ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
2213 #endif
2214         fprintf(stderr,
2215             "       ssh-keygen -F hostname [-f known_hosts_file] [-l]\n"
2216             "       ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2217             "       ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2218             "       ssh-keygen -r hostname [-f input_keyfile] [-g]\n"
2219             "       ssh-keygen -G output_file [-v] [-b bits] [-M memory] [-S start_point]\n"
2220             "       ssh-keygen -T output_file -f input_file [-v] [-a rounds] [-J num_lines]\n"
2221             "                  [-j start_line] [-K checkpt] [-W generator]\n"
2222             "       ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I certificate_identity [-h] [-n principals]\n"
2223             "                  [-O option] [-V validity_interval] [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
2224             "       ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2225             "       ssh-keygen -A\n"
2226             "       ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
2227             "                  file ...\n"
2228             "       ssh-keygen -Q -f krl_file file ...\n");
2229         exit(1);
2230 }
2231
2232 /*
2233  * Main program for key management.
2234  */
2235 int
2236 main(int argc, char **argv)
2237 {
2238         char dotsshdir[PATH_MAX], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2239         char *checkpoint = NULL;
2240         char out_file[PATH_MAX], *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra;
2241         struct sshkey *private, *public;
2242         struct passwd *pw;
2243         struct stat st;
2244         int r, opt, type, fd;
2245         u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0;
2246         int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
2247         int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
2248         unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2249         BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2250         FILE *f;
2251         const char *errstr;
2252
2253         extern int optind;
2254         extern char *optarg;
2255
2256         /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
2257         sanitise_stdfd();
2258
2259         __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
2260
2261 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2262         OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
2263 #endif
2264         log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2265
2266         seed_rng();
2267
2268         /* we need this for the home * directory.  */
2269         pw = getpwuid(getuid());
2270         if (!pw) {
2271                 printf("No user exists for uid %lu\n", (u_long)getuid());
2272                 exit(1);
2273         }
2274         if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
2275                 perror("gethostname");
2276                 exit(1);
2277         }
2278
2279         /* Remaining characters: UYdw */
2280         while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHLQXceghiklopquvxy"
2281             "C:D:E:F:G:I:J:K:M:N:O:P:R:S:T:V:W:Z:"
2282             "a:b:f:g:j:m:n:r:s:t:z:")) != -1) {
2283                 switch (opt) {
2284                 case 'A':
2285                         gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
2286                         break;
2287                 case 'b':
2288                         bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
2289                         if (errstr)
2290                                 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
2291                                         optarg, errstr);
2292                         break;
2293                 case 'E':
2294                         fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg);
2295                         if (fingerprint_hash == -1)
2296                                 fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg);
2297                         break;
2298                 case 'F':
2299                         find_host = 1;
2300                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2301                         break;
2302                 case 'H':
2303                         hash_hosts = 1;
2304                         break;
2305                 case 'I':
2306                         cert_key_id = optarg;
2307                         break;
2308                 case 'J':
2309                         lines_to_process = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2310                         break;
2311                 case 'j':
2312                         start_lineno = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2313                         break;
2314                 case 'R':
2315                         delete_host = 1;
2316                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2317                         break;
2318                 case 'L':
2319                         show_cert = 1;
2320                         break;
2321                 case 'l':
2322                         print_fingerprint = 1;
2323                         break;
2324                 case 'B':
2325                         print_bubblebabble = 1;
2326                         break;
2327                 case 'm':
2328                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2329                             strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2330                                 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2331                                 break;
2332                         }
2333                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2334                                 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2335                                 break;
2336                         }
2337                         if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2338                                 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2339                                 break;
2340                         }
2341                         fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2342                 case 'n':
2343                         cert_principals = optarg;
2344                         break;
2345                 case 'o':
2346                         use_new_format = 1;
2347                         break;
2348                 case 'p':
2349                         change_passphrase = 1;
2350                         break;
2351                 case 'c':
2352                         change_comment = 1;
2353                         break;
2354                 case 'f':
2355                         if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
2356                             sizeof(identity_file))
2357                                 fatal("Identity filename too long");
2358                         have_identity = 1;
2359                         break;
2360                 case 'g':
2361                         print_generic = 1;
2362                         break;
2363                 case 'P':
2364                         identity_passphrase = optarg;
2365                         break;
2366                 case 'N':
2367                         identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2368                         break;
2369                 case 'Q':
2370                         check_krl = 1;
2371                         break;
2372                 case 'O':
2373                         add_cert_option(optarg);
2374                         break;
2375                 case 'Z':
2376                         new_format_cipher = optarg;
2377                         break;
2378                 case 'C':
2379                         identity_comment = optarg;
2380                         break;
2381                 case 'q':
2382                         quiet = 1;
2383                         break;
2384                 case 'e':
2385                 case 'x':
2386                         /* export key */
2387                         convert_to = 1;
2388                         break;
2389                 case 'h':
2390                         cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2391                         certflags_flags = 0;
2392                         break;
2393                 case 'k':
2394                         gen_krl = 1;
2395                         break;
2396                 case 'i':
2397                 case 'X':
2398                         /* import key */
2399                         convert_from = 1;
2400                         break;
2401                 case 'y':
2402                         print_public = 1;
2403                         break;
2404                 case 's':
2405                         ca_key_path = optarg;
2406                         break;
2407                 case 't':
2408                         key_type_name = optarg;
2409                         break;
2410                 case 'D':
2411                         pkcs11provider = optarg;
2412                         break;
2413                 case 'u':
2414                         update_krl = 1;
2415                         break;
2416                 case 'v':
2417                         if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2418                                 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2419                         else {
2420                                 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2421                                     log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2422                                         log_level++;
2423                         }
2424                         break;
2425                 case 'r':
2426                         rr_hostname = optarg;
2427                         break;
2428                 case 'W':
2429                         generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2430                             UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2431                         if (errstr)
2432                                 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
2433                                         optarg, errstr);
2434                         break;
2435                 case 'a':
2436                         rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2437                         if (errstr)
2438                                 fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2439                                         optarg, errstr);
2440                         break;
2441 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2442                 case 'M':
2443                         memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2444                         if (errstr)
2445                                 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2446                         break;
2447                 case 'G':
2448                         do_gen_candidates = 1;
2449                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2450                             sizeof(out_file))
2451                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
2452                         break;
2453                 case 'T':
2454                         do_screen_candidates = 1;
2455                         if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2456                             sizeof(out_file))
2457                                 fatal("Output filename too long");
2458                         break;
2459                 case 'K':
2460                         if (strlen(optarg) >= PATH_MAX)
2461                                 fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2462                         checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2463                         break;
2464                 case 'S':
2465                         /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2466                         if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2467                                 fatal("Invalid start point.");
2468                         break;
2469 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2470                 case 'V':
2471                         parse_cert_times(optarg);
2472                         break;
2473                 case 'z':
2474                         errno = 0;
2475                         cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
2476                         if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
2477                             (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
2478                                 fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
2479                         break;
2480                 case '?':
2481                 default:
2482                         usage();
2483                 }
2484         }
2485
2486         /* reinit */
2487         log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2488
2489         argv += optind;
2490         argc -= optind;
2491
2492         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2493                 if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
2494                         printf("Too few arguments.\n");
2495                         usage();
2496                 }
2497         } else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl) {
2498                 printf("Too many arguments.\n");
2499                 usage();
2500         }
2501         if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2502                 printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
2503                 usage();
2504         }
2505         if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2506                 printf("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.\n");
2507                 usage();
2508         }
2509         if (gen_krl) {
2510                 do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, argc, argv);
2511                 return (0);
2512         }
2513         if (check_krl) {
2514                 do_check_krl(pw, argc, argv);
2515                 return (0);
2516         }
2517         if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2518                 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2519                         fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2520                 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2521         }
2522         if (show_cert)
2523                 do_show_cert(pw);
2524         if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2525                 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2526         if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2527                 do_download(pw);
2528         if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2529                 do_fingerprint(pw);
2530         if (change_passphrase)
2531                 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2532         if (change_comment)
2533                 do_change_comment(pw);
2534 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2535         if (convert_to)
2536                 do_convert_to(pw);
2537         if (convert_from)
2538                 do_convert_from(pw);
2539 #endif
2540         if (print_public)
2541                 do_print_public(pw);
2542         if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2543                 unsigned int n = 0;
2544
2545                 if (have_identity) {
2546                         n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2547                             identity_file, rr_hostname);
2548                         if (n == 0) {
2549                                 perror(identity_file);
2550                                 exit(1);
2551                         }
2552                         exit(0);
2553                 } else {
2554
2555                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2556                             _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2557                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2558                             _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2559                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2560                             _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2561                         n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2562                             _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2563                         if (n == 0)
2564                                 fatal("no keys found.");
2565                         exit(0);
2566                 }
2567         }
2568
2569         if (do_gen_candidates) {
2570                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2571
2572                 if (out == NULL) {
2573                         error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2574                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2575                         return (1);
2576                 }
2577                 if (bits == 0)
2578                         bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2579                 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2580                         fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2581
2582                 return (0);
2583         }
2584
2585         if (do_screen_candidates) {
2586                 FILE *in;
2587                 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "a");
2588
2589                 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2590                         if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2591                                 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2592                                     "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2593                                     strerror(errno));
2594                         }
2595                 } else
2596                         in = stdin;
2597
2598                 if (out == NULL) {
2599                         fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2600                             out_file, strerror(errno));
2601                 }
2602                 if (prime_test(in, out, rounds == 0 ? 100 : rounds,
2603                     generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2604                     start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2605                         fatal("modulus screening failed");
2606                 return (0);
2607         }
2608
2609         if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2610                 do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2611                 return (0);
2612         }
2613
2614         if (key_type_name == NULL)
2615                 key_type_name = "rsa";
2616
2617         type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2618         type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits);
2619
2620         if (!quiet)
2621                 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n",
2622                     key_type_name);
2623         if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
2624                 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2625                 exit(1);
2626         }
2627         if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0) {
2628                 fprintf(stderr, "key_from_private failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
2629                 exit(1);
2630         }
2631
2632         if (!have_identity)
2633                 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2634
2635         /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2636         snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2637             pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2638         if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2639                 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2640                         if (errno != ENOENT) {
2641                                 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2642                                     strerror(errno));
2643                         } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2644                                 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2645                                     dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2646                         } else if (!quiet)
2647                                 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2648                 }
2649         }
2650         /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2651         if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2652                 char yesno[3];
2653                 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2654                 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2655                 fflush(stdout);
2656                 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2657                         exit(1);
2658                 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2659                         exit(1);
2660         }
2661         /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2662         if (identity_passphrase)
2663                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2664         else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2665                 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2666         else {
2667 passphrase_again:
2668                 passphrase1 =
2669                         read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2670                             "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2671                 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2672                     RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2673                 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2674                         /*
2675                          * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2676                          * retry.
2677                          */
2678                         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2679                         explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2680                         free(passphrase1);
2681                         free(passphrase2);
2682                         printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2683                         goto passphrase_again;
2684                 }
2685                 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2686                 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2687                 free(passphrase2);
2688         }
2689
2690         if (identity_comment) {
2691                 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2692         } else {
2693                 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2694                 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2695         }
2696
2697         /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2698         if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
2699             comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
2700                 printf("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s\n",
2701                     identity_file, ssh_err(r));
2702                 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2703                 free(passphrase1);
2704                 exit(1);
2705         }
2706         /* Clear the passphrase. */
2707         explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2708         free(passphrase1);
2709
2710         /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2711         sshkey_free(private);
2712
2713         if (!quiet)
2714                 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2715
2716         strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2717         fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2718         if (fd == -1) {
2719                 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2720                 exit(1);
2721         }
2722         f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2723         if (f == NULL) {
2724                 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2725                 exit(1);
2726         }
2727         if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
2728                 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
2729         fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2730         fclose(f);
2731
2732         if (!quiet) {
2733                 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2734                     SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2735                 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2736                     SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2737                 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
2738                         fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
2739                 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2740                     identity_file);
2741                 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2742                 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2743                 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2744                 printf("%s\n", ra);
2745                 free(ra);
2746                 free(fp);
2747         }
2748
2749         sshkey_free(public);
2750         exit(0);
2751 }