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[jnethack/source.git] / src / weapon.c

/* NetHack 3.6  weapon.c        $NHDT-Date: 1446078767 2015/10/29 00:32:47 $  $NHDT-Branch: master $:$NHDT-Revision: 1.55 $ */
/* Copyright (c) Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, 1985. */
/* NetHack may be freely redistributed.  See license for details. */

/* JNetHack Copyright */
/* (c) Issei Numata, Naoki Hamada, Shigehiro Miyashita, 1994-2000  */
/* For 3.4-, Copyright (c) SHIRAKATA Kentaro, 2002-2016            */
/* JNetHack may be freely redistributed.  See license for details. */

/*
 *      This module contains code for calculation of "to hit" and damage
 *      bonuses for any given weapon used, as well as weapons selection
 *      code for monsters.
 */

#include "hack.h"

/* Categories whose names don't come from OBJ_NAME(objects[type])
 */
#define PN_BARE_HANDED (-1) /* includes martial arts */
#define PN_TWO_WEAPONS (-2)
#define PN_RIDING (-3)
#define PN_POLEARMS (-4)
#define PN_SABER (-5)
#define PN_HAMMER (-6)
#define PN_WHIP (-7)
#define PN_ATTACK_SPELL (-8)
#define PN_HEALING_SPELL (-9)
#define PN_DIVINATION_SPELL (-10)
#define PN_ENCHANTMENT_SPELL (-11)
#define PN_CLERIC_SPELL (-12)
#define PN_ESCAPE_SPELL (-13)
#define PN_MATTER_SPELL (-14)

STATIC_DCL void FDECL(give_may_advance_msg, (int));

STATIC_VAR NEARDATA const short skill_names_indices[P_NUM_SKILLS] = {
    0, DAGGER, KNIFE, AXE, PICK_AXE, SHORT_SWORD, BROADSWORD, LONG_SWORD,
    TWO_HANDED_SWORD, SCIMITAR, PN_SABER, CLUB, MACE, MORNING_STAR, FLAIL,
    PN_HAMMER, QUARTERSTAFF, PN_POLEARMS, SPEAR, TRIDENT, LANCE, BOW, SLING,
    CROSSBOW, DART, SHURIKEN, BOOMERANG, PN_WHIP, UNICORN_HORN,
    PN_ATTACK_SPELL, PN_HEALING_SPELL, PN_DIVINATION_SPELL,
    PN_ENCHANTMENT_SPELL, PN_CLERIC_SPELL, PN_ESCAPE_SPELL, PN_MATTER_SPELL,
    PN_BARE_HANDED, PN_TWO_WEAPONS, PN_RIDING
};

/* note: entry [0] isn't used */
STATIC_VAR NEARDATA const char *const odd_skill_names[] = {
    "no skill", "bare hands", /* use barehands_or_martial[] instead */
    "two weapon combat", "riding", "polearms", "saber", "hammer", "whip",
    "attack spells", "healing spells", "divination spells",
    "enchantment spells", "clerical spells", "escape spells", "matter spells",
};
/* indexed vis `is_martial() */
STATIC_VAR NEARDATA const char *const barehands_or_martial[] = {
    "bare handed combat", "martial arts"
};

STATIC_OVL void
give_may_advance_msg(skill)
int skill;
{
#if 0 /*JP*/
    You_feel("more confident in your %sskills.",
             skill == P_NONE ? "" : skill <= P_LAST_WEAPON
                                        ? "weapon "
                                        : skill <= P_LAST_SPELL
                                              ? "spell casting "
                                              : "fighting ");
#else
    You("%s\83X\83L\83\8b\82ð\8d\82\82ß\82é\8e©\90M\82ª\97N\82¢\82Ä\82«\82½\81D",
        skill == P_NONE ? "" : skill <= P_LAST_WEAPON
            ? "\95\90\8aí\82Ì"
            : skill <= P_LAST_SPELL
                  ? "\96\82\96@\82Ì"
                  : "\90í\82¢\82Ì");
#endif
}

STATIC_DCL boolean FDECL(can_advance, (int, BOOLEAN_P));
STATIC_DCL boolean FDECL(could_advance, (int));
STATIC_DCL boolean FDECL(peaked_skill, (int));
STATIC_DCL int FDECL(slots_required, (int));
STATIC_DCL char *FDECL(skill_level_name, (int, char *));
STATIC_DCL void FDECL(skill_advance, (int));

#define P_NAME(type)                                    \
    ((skill_names_indices[type] > 0)                    \
         ? OBJ_NAME(objects[skill_names_indices[type]]) \
         : (type == P_BARE_HANDED_COMBAT)               \
               ? barehands_or_martial[martial_bonus()]  \
               : odd_skill_names[-skill_names_indices[type]])

static NEARDATA const char kebabable[] = { S_XORN, S_DRAGON, S_JABBERWOCK,
                                           S_NAGA, S_GIANT,  '\0' };

/* weapon's skill category name for use as generalized description of weapon;
   mostly used to shorten "you drop your <weapon>" messages when slippery
   fingers or polymorph causes hero to involuntarily drop wielded weapon(s) */
const char *
weapon_descr(obj)
struct obj *obj;
{
    int skill = weapon_type(obj);
    const char *descr = P_NAME(skill);

    /* assorted special cases */
    switch (skill) {
    case P_NONE:
        /* not a weapon or weptool: use item class name;
           override class name "food" for corpses, tins, and eggs,
           "large rock" for statues and boulders, and "tool" for towels */
        descr = (obj->otyp == CORPSE || obj->otyp == TIN || obj->otyp == EGG
                 || obj->otyp == STATUE || obj->otyp == BOULDER
                 || obj->otyp == TOWEL)
                    ? OBJ_NAME(objects[obj->otyp])
                    : def_oc_syms[(int) obj->oclass].name;
        break;
    case P_SLING:
        if (is_ammo(obj))
            descr = (obj->otyp == ROCK || is_graystone(obj))
/*JP
                        ? "stone"
*/
                        ? "\90Î"
                        /* avoid "rock"; what about known glass? */
                        : (obj->oclass == GEM_CLASS)
/*JP
                            ? "gem"
*/
                            ? "\95ó\90Î"
                            /* in case somebody adds odd sling ammo */
                            : def_oc_syms[(int) obj->oclass].name;
        break;
    case P_BOW:
        if (is_ammo(obj))
/*JP
            descr = "arrow";
*/
            descr = "\96î";
        break;
    case P_CROSSBOW:
        if (is_ammo(obj))
/*JP
            descr = "bolt";
*/
            descr = "\83{\83\8b\83g";
        break;
    case P_FLAIL:
        if (obj->otyp == GRAPPLING_HOOK)
/*JP
            descr = "hook";
*/
            descr = "\83t\83b\83N";
        break;
    case P_PICK_AXE:
        /* even if "dwarvish mattock" hasn't been discovered yet */
        if (obj->otyp == DWARVISH_MATTOCK)
/*JP
            descr = "mattock";
*/
            descr = "\82Â\82é\82Í\82µ";
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return makesingular(descr);
}

/*
 *      hitval returns an integer representing the "to hit" bonuses
 *      of "otmp" against the monster.
 */
int
hitval(otmp, mon)
struct obj *otmp;
struct monst *mon;
{
    int tmp = 0;
    struct permonst *ptr = mon->data;
    boolean Is_weapon = (otmp->oclass == WEAPON_CLASS || is_weptool(otmp));

    if (Is_weapon)
        tmp += otmp->spe;

    /* Put weapon specific "to hit" bonuses in below: */
    tmp += objects[otmp->otyp].oc_hitbon;

    /* Put weapon vs. monster type "to hit" bonuses in below: */

    /* Blessed weapons used against undead or demons */
    if (Is_weapon && otmp->blessed
        && (is_demon(ptr) || is_undead(ptr) || is_vampshifter(mon)))
        tmp += 2;

    if (is_spear(otmp) && index(kebabable, ptr->mlet))
        tmp += 2;

    /* trident is highly effective against swimmers */
    if (otmp->otyp == TRIDENT && is_swimmer(ptr)) {
        if (is_pool(mon->mx, mon->my))
            tmp += 4;
        else if (ptr->mlet == S_EEL || ptr->mlet == S_SNAKE)
            tmp += 2;
    }

    /* Picks used against xorns and earth elementals */
    if (is_pick(otmp) && (passes_walls(ptr) && thick_skinned(ptr)))
        tmp += 2;

    /* Check specially named weapon "to hit" bonuses */
    if (otmp->oartifact)
        tmp += spec_abon(otmp, mon);

    return tmp;
}

/* Historical note: The original versions of Hack used a range of damage
 * which was similar to, but not identical to the damage used in Advanced
 * Dungeons and Dragons.  I figured that since it was so close, I may as well
 * make it exactly the same as AD&D, adding some more weapons in the process.
 * This has the advantage that it is at least possible that the player would
 * already know the damage of at least some of the weapons.  This was circa
 * 1987 and I used the table from Unearthed Arcana until I got tired of typing
 * them in (leading to something of an imbalance towards weapons early in
 * alphabetical order).  The data structure still doesn't include fields that
 * fully allow the appropriate damage to be described (there's no way to say
 * 3d6 or 1d6+1) so we add on the extra damage in dmgval() if the weapon
 * doesn't do an exact die of damage.
 *
 * Of course new weapons were added later in the development of Nethack.  No
 * AD&D consistency was kept, but most of these don't exist in AD&D anyway.
 *
 * Second edition AD&D came out a few years later; luckily it used the same
 * table.  As of this writing (1999), third edition is in progress but not
 * released.  Let's see if the weapon table stays the same.  --KAA
 * October 2000: It didn't.  Oh, well.
 */

/*
 *      dmgval returns an integer representing the damage bonuses
 *      of "otmp" against the monster.
 */
int
dmgval(otmp, mon)
struct obj *otmp;
struct monst *mon;
{
    int tmp = 0, otyp = otmp->otyp;
    struct permonst *ptr = mon->data;
    boolean Is_weapon = (otmp->oclass == WEAPON_CLASS || is_weptool(otmp));

    if (otyp == CREAM_PIE)
        return 0;

    if (bigmonst(ptr)) {
        if (objects[otyp].oc_wldam)
            tmp = rnd(objects[otyp].oc_wldam);
        switch (otyp) {
        case IRON_CHAIN:
        case CROSSBOW_BOLT:
        case MORNING_STAR:
        case PARTISAN:
        case RUNESWORD:
        case ELVEN_BROADSWORD:
        case BROADSWORD:
            tmp++;
            break;

        case FLAIL:
        case RANSEUR:
        case VOULGE:
            tmp += rnd(4);
            break;

        case ACID_VENOM:
        case HALBERD:
        case SPETUM:
            tmp += rnd(6);
            break;

        case BATTLE_AXE:
        case BARDICHE:
        case TRIDENT:
            tmp += d(2, 4);
            break;

        case TSURUGI:
        case DWARVISH_MATTOCK:
        case TWO_HANDED_SWORD:
            tmp += d(2, 6);
            break;
        }
    } else {
        if (objects[otyp].oc_wsdam)
            tmp = rnd(objects[otyp].oc_wsdam);
        switch (otyp) {
        case IRON_CHAIN:
        case CROSSBOW_BOLT:
        case MACE:
        case WAR_HAMMER:
        case FLAIL:
        case SPETUM:
        case TRIDENT:
            tmp++;
            break;

        case BATTLE_AXE:
        case BARDICHE:
        case BILL_GUISARME:
        case GUISARME:
        case LUCERN_HAMMER:
        case MORNING_STAR:
        case RANSEUR:
        case BROADSWORD:
        case ELVEN_BROADSWORD:
        case RUNESWORD:
        case VOULGE:
            tmp += rnd(4);
            break;

        case ACID_VENOM:
            tmp += rnd(6);
            break;
        }
    }
    if (Is_weapon) {
        tmp += otmp->spe;
        /* negative enchantment mustn't produce negative damage */
        if (tmp < 0)
            tmp = 0;
    }

    if (objects[otyp].oc_material <= LEATHER && thick_skinned(ptr))
        /* thick skinned/scaled creatures don't feel it */
        tmp = 0;
    if (ptr == &mons[PM_SHADE] && !shade_glare(otmp))
        tmp = 0;

    /* "very heavy iron ball"; weight increase is in increments of 160 */
    if (otyp == HEAVY_IRON_BALL && tmp > 0) {
        int wt = (int) objects[HEAVY_IRON_BALL].oc_weight;

        if ((int) otmp->owt > wt) {
            wt = ((int) otmp->owt - wt) / 160;
            tmp += rnd(4 * wt);
            if (tmp > 25)
                tmp = 25; /* objects[].oc_wldam */
        }
    }

    /* Put weapon vs. monster type damage bonuses in below: */
    if (Is_weapon || otmp->oclass == GEM_CLASS || otmp->oclass == BALL_CLASS
        || otmp->oclass == CHAIN_CLASS) {
        int bonus = 0;

        if (otmp->blessed
            && (is_undead(ptr) || is_demon(ptr) || is_vampshifter(mon)))
            bonus += rnd(4);
        if (is_axe(otmp) && is_wooden(ptr))
            bonus += rnd(4);
        if (objects[otyp].oc_material == SILVER && mon_hates_silver(mon))
            bonus += rnd(20);

        /* if the weapon is going to get a double damage bonus, adjust
           this bonus so that effectively it's added after the doubling */
        if (bonus > 1 && otmp->oartifact && spec_dbon(otmp, mon, 25) >= 25)
            bonus = (bonus + 1) / 2;

        tmp += bonus;
    }

    if (tmp > 0) {
        /* It's debatable whether a rusted blunt instrument
           should do less damage than a pristine one, since
           it will hit with essentially the same impact, but
           there ought to some penalty for using damaged gear
           so always subtract erosion even for blunt weapons. */
        tmp -= greatest_erosion(otmp);
        if (tmp < 1)
            tmp = 1;
    }

    return  tmp;
}

STATIC_DCL struct obj *FDECL(oselect, (struct monst *, int));
#define Oselect(x)                      \
    if ((otmp = oselect(mtmp, x)) != 0) \
        return otmp;

STATIC_OVL struct obj *
oselect(mtmp, x)
struct monst *mtmp;
int x;
{
    struct obj *otmp;

    for (otmp = mtmp->minvent; otmp; otmp = otmp->nobj) {
        if (otmp->otyp == x
            /* never select non-cockatrice corpses */
            && !((x == CORPSE || x == EGG)
                 && !touch_petrifies(&mons[otmp->corpsenm]))
            && (!otmp->oartifact || touch_artifact(otmp, mtmp)))
            return otmp;
    }
    return (struct obj *) 0;
}

static NEARDATA const int rwep[] = {
    DWARVISH_SPEAR, SILVER_SPEAR, ELVEN_SPEAR, SPEAR, ORCISH_SPEAR, JAVELIN,
    SHURIKEN, YA, SILVER_ARROW, ELVEN_ARROW, ARROW, ORCISH_ARROW,
    CROSSBOW_BOLT, SILVER_DAGGER, ELVEN_DAGGER, DAGGER, ORCISH_DAGGER, KNIFE,
    FLINT, ROCK, LOADSTONE, LUCKSTONE, DART,
    /* BOOMERANG, */ CREAM_PIE
};

static NEARDATA const int pwep[] = { HALBERD,       BARDICHE, SPETUM,
                                     BILL_GUISARME, VOULGE,   RANSEUR,
                                     GUISARME,      GLAIVE,   LUCERN_HAMMER,
                                     BEC_DE_CORBIN, FAUCHARD, PARTISAN,
                                     LANCE };

static struct obj *propellor;

/* select a ranged weapon for the monster */
struct obj *
select_rwep(mtmp)
register struct monst *mtmp;
{
    register struct obj *otmp;
    struct obj *mwep;
    boolean mweponly;
    int i;

    char mlet = mtmp->data->mlet;

    propellor = &zeroobj;
    Oselect(EGG);      /* cockatrice egg */
    if (mlet == S_KOP) /* pies are first choice for Kops */
        Oselect(CREAM_PIE);
    if (throws_rocks(mtmp->data)) /* ...boulders for giants */
        Oselect(BOULDER);

    /* Select polearms first; they do more damage and aren't expendable.
       But don't pick one if monster's weapon is welded, because then
       we'd never have a chance to throw non-wielding missiles. */
    /* The limit of 13 here is based on the monster polearm range limit
     * (defined as 5 in mthrowu.c).  5 corresponds to a distance of 2 in
     * one direction and 1 in another; one space beyond that would be 3 in
     * one direction and 2 in another; 3^2+2^2=13.
     */
    mwep = MON_WEP(mtmp);
    /* NO_WEAPON_WANTED means we already tried to wield and failed */
    mweponly = (mwelded(mwep) && mtmp->weapon_check == NO_WEAPON_WANTED);
    if (dist2(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my, mtmp->mux, mtmp->muy) <= 13
        && couldsee(mtmp->mx, mtmp->my)) {
        for (i = 0; i < SIZE(pwep); i++) {
            /* Only strong monsters can wield big (esp. long) weapons.
             * Big weapon is basically the same as bimanual.
             * All monsters can wield the remaining weapons.
             */
            if (((strongmonst(mtmp->data)
                  && (mtmp->misc_worn_check & W_ARMS) == 0)
                 || !objects[pwep[i]].oc_bimanual)
                && (objects[pwep[i]].oc_material != SILVER
                    || !mon_hates_silver(mtmp))) {
                if ((otmp = oselect(mtmp, pwep[i])) != 0
                    && (otmp == mwep || !mweponly)) {
                    propellor = otmp; /* force the monster to wield it */
                    return otmp;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * other than these two specific cases, always select the
     * most potent ranged weapon to hand.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < SIZE(rwep); i++) {
        int prop;

        /* shooting gems from slings; this goes just before the darts */
        /* (shooting rocks is already handled via the rwep[] ordering) */
        if (rwep[i] == DART && !likes_gems(mtmp->data)
            && m_carrying(mtmp, SLING)) { /* propellor */
            for (otmp = mtmp->minvent; otmp; otmp = otmp->nobj)
                if (otmp->oclass == GEM_CLASS
                    && (otmp->otyp != LOADSTONE || !otmp->cursed)) {
                    propellor = m_carrying(mtmp, SLING);
                    return otmp;
                }
        }

        /* KMH -- This belongs here so darts will work */
        propellor = &zeroobj;

        prop = (objects[rwep[i]]).oc_skill;
        if (prop < 0) {
            switch (-prop) {
            case P_BOW:
                propellor = (oselect(mtmp, YUMI));
                if (!propellor)
                    propellor = (oselect(mtmp, ELVEN_BOW));
                if (!propellor)
                    propellor = (oselect(mtmp, BOW));
                if (!propellor)
                    propellor = (oselect(mtmp, ORCISH_BOW));
                break;
            case P_SLING:
                propellor = (oselect(mtmp, SLING));
                break;
            case P_CROSSBOW:
                propellor = (oselect(mtmp, CROSSBOW));
            }
            if ((otmp = MON_WEP(mtmp)) && mwelded(otmp) && otmp != propellor
                && mtmp->weapon_check == NO_WEAPON_WANTED)
                propellor = 0;
        }
        /* propellor = obj, propellor to use
         * propellor = &zeroobj, doesn't need a propellor
         * propellor = 0, needed one and didn't have one
         */
        if (propellor != 0) {
            /* Note: cannot use m_carrying for loadstones, since it will
             * always select the first object of a type, and maybe the
             * monster is carrying two but only the first is unthrowable.
             */
            if (rwep[i] != LOADSTONE) {
                /* Don't throw a cursed weapon-in-hand or an artifact */
                if ((otmp = oselect(mtmp, rwep[i])) && !otmp->oartifact
                    && !(otmp == MON_WEP(mtmp) && mwelded(otmp)))
                    return otmp;
            } else
                for (otmp = mtmp->minvent; otmp; otmp = otmp->nobj) {
                    if (otmp->otyp == LOADSTONE && !otmp->cursed)
                        return otmp;
                }
        }
    }

    /* failure */
    return (struct obj *) 0;
}

/* Weapons in order of preference */
static const NEARDATA short hwep[] = {
    CORPSE, /* cockatrice corpse */
    TSURUGI, RUNESWORD, DWARVISH_MATTOCK, TWO_HANDED_SWORD, BATTLE_AXE,
    KATANA, UNICORN_HORN, CRYSKNIFE, TRIDENT, LONG_SWORD, ELVEN_BROADSWORD,
    BROADSWORD, SCIMITAR, SILVER_SABER, MORNING_STAR, ELVEN_SHORT_SWORD,
    DWARVISH_SHORT_SWORD, SHORT_SWORD, ORCISH_SHORT_SWORD, MACE, AXE,
    DWARVISH_SPEAR, SILVER_SPEAR, ELVEN_SPEAR, SPEAR, ORCISH_SPEAR, FLAIL,
    BULLWHIP, QUARTERSTAFF, JAVELIN, AKLYS, CLUB, PICK_AXE, RUBBER_HOSE,
    WAR_HAMMER, SILVER_DAGGER, ELVEN_DAGGER, DAGGER, ORCISH_DAGGER, ATHAME,
    SCALPEL, KNIFE, WORM_TOOTH
};

/* select a hand to hand weapon for the monster */
struct obj *
select_hwep(mtmp)
register struct monst *mtmp;
{
    register struct obj *otmp;
    register int i;
    boolean strong = strongmonst(mtmp->data);
    boolean wearing_shield = (mtmp->misc_worn_check & W_ARMS) != 0;

    /* prefer artifacts to everything else */
    for (otmp = mtmp->minvent; otmp; otmp = otmp->nobj) {
        if (otmp->oclass == WEAPON_CLASS && otmp->oartifact
            && touch_artifact(otmp, mtmp)
            && ((strong && !wearing_shield)
                || !objects[otmp->otyp].oc_bimanual))
            return otmp;
    }

    if (is_giant(mtmp->data)) /* giants just love to use clubs */
        Oselect(CLUB);

    /* only strong monsters can wield big (esp. long) weapons */
    /* big weapon is basically the same as bimanual */
    /* all monsters can wield the remaining weapons */
    for (i = 0; i < SIZE(hwep); i++) {
        if (hwep[i] == CORPSE && !(mtmp->misc_worn_check & W_ARMG)
            && !resists_ston(mtmp))
            continue;
        if (((strong && !wearing_shield) || !objects[hwep[i]].oc_bimanual)
            && (objects[hwep[i]].oc_material != SILVER
                || !mon_hates_silver(mtmp)))
            Oselect(hwep[i]);
    }

    /* failure */
    return (struct obj *) 0;
}

/* Called after polymorphing a monster, robbing it, etc....  Monsters
 * otherwise never unwield stuff on their own.  Might print message.
 */
void
possibly_unwield(mon, polyspot)
struct monst *mon;
boolean polyspot;
{
    struct obj *obj, *mw_tmp;

    if (!(mw_tmp = MON_WEP(mon)))
        return;
    for (obj = mon->minvent; obj; obj = obj->nobj)
        if (obj == mw_tmp)
            break;
    if (!obj) { /* The weapon was stolen or destroyed */
        MON_NOWEP(mon);
        mon->weapon_check = NEED_WEAPON;
        return;
    }
    if (!attacktype(mon->data, AT_WEAP)) {
        setmnotwielded(mon, mw_tmp);
        mon->weapon_check = NO_WEAPON_WANTED;
        obj_extract_self(obj);
        if (cansee(mon->mx, mon->my)) {
/*JP
            pline("%s drops %s.", Monnam(mon), distant_name(obj, doname));
*/
            pline("%s\82Í%s\82ð\92u\82¢\82½\81D", Monnam(mon), distant_name(obj, doname));
            newsym(mon->mx, mon->my);
        }
        /* might be dropping object into water or lava */
/*JP
        if (!flooreffects(obj, mon->mx, mon->my, "drop")) {
*/
        if (!flooreffects(obj, mon->mx, mon->my, "\97\8e\82¿\82é")) {
            if (polyspot)
                bypass_obj(obj);
            place_object(obj, mon->mx, mon->my);
            stackobj(obj);
        }
        return;
    }
    /* The remaining case where there is a change is where a monster
     * is polymorphed into a stronger/weaker monster with a different
     * choice of weapons.  This has no parallel for players.  It can
     * be handled by waiting until mon_wield_item is actually called.
     * Though the monster still wields the wrong weapon until then,
     * this is OK since the player can't see it.  (FIXME: Not okay since
     * probing can reveal it.)
     * Note that if there is no change, setting the check to NEED_WEAPON
     * is harmless.
     * Possible problem: big monster with big cursed weapon gets
     * polymorphed into little monster.  But it's not quite clear how to
     * handle this anyway....
     */
    if (!(mwelded(mw_tmp) && mon->weapon_check == NO_WEAPON_WANTED))
        mon->weapon_check = NEED_WEAPON;
    return;
}

/* Let a monster try to wield a weapon, based on mon->weapon_check.
 * Returns 1 if the monster took time to do it, 0 if it did not.
 */
int
mon_wield_item(mon)
register struct monst *mon;
{
    struct obj *obj;

    /* This case actually should never happen */
    if (mon->weapon_check == NO_WEAPON_WANTED)
        return 0;
    switch (mon->weapon_check) {
    case NEED_HTH_WEAPON:
        obj = select_hwep(mon);
        break;
    case NEED_RANGED_WEAPON:
        (void) select_rwep(mon);
        obj = propellor;
        break;
    case NEED_PICK_AXE:
        obj = m_carrying(mon, PICK_AXE);
        /* KMH -- allow other picks */
        if (!obj && !which_armor(mon, W_ARMS))
            obj = m_carrying(mon, DWARVISH_MATTOCK);
        break;
    case NEED_AXE:
        /* currently, only 2 types of axe */
        obj = m_carrying(mon, BATTLE_AXE);
        if (!obj || which_armor(mon, W_ARMS))
            obj = m_carrying(mon, AXE);
        break;
    case NEED_PICK_OR_AXE:
        /* prefer pick for fewer switches on most levels */
        obj = m_carrying(mon, DWARVISH_MATTOCK);
        if (!obj)
            obj = m_carrying(mon, BATTLE_AXE);
        if (!obj || which_armor(mon, W_ARMS)) {
            obj = m_carrying(mon, PICK_AXE);
            if (!obj)
                obj = m_carrying(mon, AXE);
        }
        break;
    default:
        impossible("weapon_check %d for %s?", mon->weapon_check,
                   mon_nam(mon));
        return 0;
    }
    if (obj && obj != &zeroobj) {
        struct obj *mw_tmp = MON_WEP(mon);
        if (mw_tmp && mw_tmp->otyp == obj->otyp) {
            /* already wielding it */
            mon->weapon_check = NEED_WEAPON;
            return 0;
        }
        /* Actually, this isn't necessary--as soon as the monster
         * wields the weapon, the weapon welds itself, so the monster
         * can know it's cursed and needn't even bother trying.
         * Still....
         */
        if (mw_tmp && mwelded(mw_tmp)) {
            if (canseemon(mon)) {
                char welded_buf[BUFSZ];
                const char *mon_hand = mbodypart(mon, HAND);

                if (bimanual(mw_tmp))
                    mon_hand = makeplural(mon_hand);
#if 0 /*JP*/
                Sprintf(welded_buf, "%s welded to %s %s",
                        otense(mw_tmp, "are"), mhis(mon), mon_hand);
#endif

                if (obj->otyp == PICK_AXE) {
#if 0 /*JP*/
                    pline("Since %s weapon%s %s,", s_suffix(mon_nam(mon)),
                          plur(mw_tmp->quan), welded_buf);
#else
                    pline("%s\82Í\95\90\8aí\82ð\8eè\82É\82µ\82æ\82¤\82Æ\82µ\82½\82ª\81C", mon_nam(mon));
#endif
#if 0 /*JP*/
                    pline("%s cannot wield that %s.", mon_nam(mon),
                          xname(obj));
#else
                    pline("%s\82Í%s\82ð\91\95\94õ\82Å\82«\82È\82©\82Á\82½\81D", mon_nam(mon),
                          xname(obj));
#endif
                } else {
/*JP
                    pline("%s tries to wield %s.", Monnam(mon), doname(obj));
*/
                    pline("%s\82Í%s\82ð\91\95\94õ\82µ\82æ\82¤\82Æ\82µ\82½\81D", Monnam(mon), doname(obj));
/*JP
                    pline("%s %s!", Yname2(mw_tmp), welded_buf);
*/
                    pline("%s\82Í%s\82ð\8eè\82É\82µ\82½\81I", Monnam(mon), xname(mw_tmp));
                }
                mw_tmp->bknown = 1;
            }
            mon->weapon_check = NO_WEAPON_WANTED;
            return 1;
        }
        mon->mw = obj; /* wield obj */
        setmnotwielded(mon, mw_tmp);
        mon->weapon_check = NEED_WEAPON;
        if (canseemon(mon)) {
/*JP
            pline("%s wields %s!", Monnam(mon), doname(obj));
*/
            pline("%s\82Í%s\82ð\91\95\94õ\82µ\82½\81I", Monnam(mon), doname(obj));
            if (mwelded(mw_tmp)) {
#if 0 /*JP*/
                pline("%s %s to %s %s!", Tobjnam(obj, "weld"),
                      is_plural(obj) ? "themselves" : "itself",
                      s_suffix(mon_nam(mon)), mbodypart(mon, HAND));
#else
                pline("%s\82Í\8f\9f\8eè\82É%s\82Ì%s\82É\91\95\94õ\82³\82ê\82½\81I",
                      xname(obj),
                      mon_nam(mon), mbodypart(mon, HAND));
#endif
                obj->bknown = 1;
            }
        }
        if (artifact_light(obj) && !obj->lamplit) {
            begin_burn(obj, FALSE);
            if (canseemon(mon))
#if 0 /*JP*/
                pline("%s %s in %s %s!", Tobjnam(obj, "shine"),
                      arti_light_description(obj), s_suffix(mon_nam(mon)),
                      mbodypart(mon, HAND));
#else
                pline("%s\82Í%s\82Ì%s\82Ì\92\86\82Å%s\8bP\82¢\82½\81I",
                      xname(obj), mon_nam(mon),
                      mbodypart(mon, HAND), arti_light_description(obj));
#endif
        }
        obj->owornmask = W_WEP;
        return 1;
    }
    mon->weapon_check = NEED_WEAPON;
    return 0;
}

/* force monster to stop wielding current weapon, if any */
void
mwepgone(mon)
struct monst *mon;
{
    struct obj *mwep = MON_WEP(mon);

    if (mwep) {
        setmnotwielded(mon, mwep);
        mon->weapon_check = NEED_WEAPON;
    }
}

/* attack bonus for strength & dexterity */
int
abon()
{
    int sbon;
    int str = ACURR(A_STR), dex = ACURR(A_DEX);

    if (Upolyd)
        return (adj_lev(&mons[u.umonnum]) - 3);
    if (str < 6)
        sbon = -2;
    else if (str < 8)
        sbon = -1;
    else if (str < 17)
        sbon = 0;
    else if (str <= STR18(50))
        sbon = 1; /* up to 18/50 */
    else if (str < STR18(100))
        sbon = 2;
    else
        sbon = 3;

    /* Game tuning kludge: make it a bit easier for a low level character to
     * hit */
    sbon += (u.ulevel < 3) ? 1 : 0;

    if (dex < 4)
        return (sbon - 3);
    else if (dex < 6)
        return (sbon - 2);
    else if (dex < 8)
        return (sbon - 1);
    else if (dex < 14)
        return sbon;
    else
        return (sbon + dex - 14);
}

/* damage bonus for strength */
int
dbon()
{
    int str = ACURR(A_STR);

    if (Upolyd)
        return 0;

    if (str < 6)
        return -1;
    else if (str < 16)
        return 0;
    else if (str < 18)
        return 1;
    else if (str == 18)
        return 2; /* up to 18 */
    else if (str <= STR18(75))
        return 3; /* up to 18/75 */
    else if (str <= STR18(90))
        return 4; /* up to 18/90 */
    else if (str < STR18(100))
        return 5; /* up to 18/99 */
    else
        return 6;
}

/* increase a towel's wetness */
void
wet_a_towel(obj, amt, verbose)
struct obj *obj;
int amt; /* positive: new value; negative: increment by -amt; zero: no-op */
boolean verbose;
{
    int newspe = (amt <= 0) ? obj->spe - amt : amt;

    /* new state is only reported if it's an increase */
    if (newspe > obj->spe) {
        if (verbose) {
#if 0 /*JP*/
            const char *wetness = (newspe < 3)
                                     ? (!obj->spe ? "damp" : "damper")
                                     : (!obj->spe ? "wet" : "wetter");
#else
            const char *wetness = (newspe < 3)
                                     ? (!obj->spe ? "\8e¼\82Á\82½" : "\82³\82ç\82É\8e¼\82Á\82½")
                                     : (!obj->spe ? "\94G\82ê\82½" : "\82³\82ç\82É\94G\82ê\82½");
#endif

            if (carried(obj))
#if 0 /*JP*/
                pline("%s gets %s.", Yobjnam2(obj, (const char *) 0),
                      wetness);
#else
                pline("%s\82Í%s\81D", Yobjnam2(obj, (const char *) 0),
                      wetness);
#endif
            else if (mcarried(obj) && canseemon(obj->ocarry))
#if 0 /*JP*/
                pline("%s %s gets %s.", s_suffix(Monnam(obj->ocarry)),
                      xname(obj), wetness);
#else
                pline("%s%s\82Í%s\81D", s_suffix(Monnam(obj->ocarry)),
                      xname(obj), wetness);
#endif
        }
    }
    obj->spe = min(newspe, 7);

    /* if hero is wielding this towel, don't give "you begin bashing
       with your wet towel" message on next attack with it */
    if (obj == uwep)
        unweapon = !is_wet_towel(obj);
}

/* decrease a towel's wetness */
void
dry_a_towel(obj, amt, verbose)
struct obj *obj;
int amt; /* positive: new value; negative: decrement by -amt; zero: no-op */
boolean verbose;
{
    int newspe = (amt <= 0) ? obj->spe + amt : amt;

    /* new state is only reported if it's a decrease */
    if (newspe < obj->spe) {
        if (verbose) {
            if (carried(obj))
#if 0 /*JP*/
                pline("%s dries%s.", Yobjnam2(obj, (const char *) 0),
                      !newspe ? " out" : "");
#else
                pline("%s\82Í%s\81D", Yobjnam2(obj, (const char *) 0),
                      !newspe ? "\8a£\82«\82«\82Á\82½" : "\8a£\82¢\82½");
#endif
            else if (mcarried(obj) && canseemon(obj->ocarry))
#if 0 /*JP*/
                pline("%s %s drie%s.", s_suffix(Monnam(obj->ocarry)),
                      xname(obj), !newspe ? " out" : "");
#else
                pline("%s%s\82Í%s\81D", s_suffix(Monnam(obj->ocarry)),
                      xname(obj), !newspe ? "\8a£\82«\82«\82Á\82½" : "\8a£\82¢\82½");
#endif
        }
    }
    newspe = min(newspe, 7);
    obj->spe = max(newspe, 0);

    /* if hero is wielding this towel and it is now dry, give "you begin
       bashing with your towel" message on next attack with it */
    if (obj == uwep)
        unweapon = !is_wet_towel(obj);
}

/* copy the skill level name into the given buffer */
STATIC_OVL char *
skill_level_name(skill, buf)
int skill;
char *buf;
{
    const char *ptr;

    switch (P_SKILL(skill)) {
    case P_UNSKILLED:
/*JP
        ptr = "Unskilled";
*/
        ptr = "\8f\89\90S\8eÒ";
        break;
    case P_BASIC:
/*JP
        ptr = "Basic";
*/
        ptr = "\93ü\96å\8eÒ";
        break;
    case P_SKILLED:
/*JP
        ptr = "Skilled";
*/
        ptr = "\8fn\97û\8eÒ";
        break;
    case P_EXPERT:
/*JP
        ptr = "Expert";
*/
        ptr = "\83G\83L\83X\83p\81[\83g";
        break;
    /* these are for unarmed combat/martial arts only */
    case P_MASTER:
/*JP
        ptr = "Master";
*/
        ptr = "\83}\83X\83^\81[";
        break;
    case P_GRAND_MASTER:
/*JP
        ptr = "Grand Master";
*/
        ptr = "\83O\83\89\83\93\83h\83}\83X\83^\81[";
        break;
    default:
/*JP
        ptr = "Unknown";
*/
        ptr = "\95s\96¾";
        break;
    }
    Strcpy(buf, ptr);
    return buf;
}

/* return the # of slots required to advance the skill */
STATIC_OVL int
slots_required(skill)
int skill;
{
    int tmp = P_SKILL(skill);

    /* The more difficult the training, the more slots it takes.
     *  unskilled -> basic      1
     *  basic -> skilled        2
     *  skilled -> expert       3
     */
    if (skill <= P_LAST_WEAPON || skill == P_TWO_WEAPON_COMBAT)
        return tmp;

    /* Fewer slots used up for unarmed or martial.
     *  unskilled -> basic      1
     *  basic -> skilled        1
     *  skilled -> expert       2
     *  expert -> master        2
     *  master -> grand master  3
     */
    return (tmp + 1) / 2;
}

/* return true if this skill can be advanced */
/*ARGSUSED*/
STATIC_OVL boolean
can_advance(skill, speedy)
int skill;
boolean speedy;
{
    if (P_RESTRICTED(skill)
        || P_SKILL(skill) >= P_MAX_SKILL(skill)
        || u.skills_advanced >= P_SKILL_LIMIT)
        return FALSE;

    if (wizard && speedy)
        return TRUE;

    return (boolean) ((int) P_ADVANCE(skill)
                      >= practice_needed_to_advance(P_SKILL(skill))
                      && u.weapon_slots >= slots_required(skill));
}

/* return true if this skill could be advanced if more slots were available */
STATIC_OVL boolean
could_advance(skill)
int skill;
{
    if (P_RESTRICTED(skill)
        || P_SKILL(skill) >= P_MAX_SKILL(skill)
        || u.skills_advanced >= P_SKILL_LIMIT)
        return FALSE;

    return (boolean) ((int) P_ADVANCE(skill)
                      >= practice_needed_to_advance(P_SKILL(skill)));
}

/* return true if this skill has reached its maximum and there's been enough
   practice to become eligible for the next step if that had been possible */
STATIC_OVL boolean
peaked_skill(skill)
int skill;
{
    if (P_RESTRICTED(skill))
        return FALSE;

    return (boolean) (P_SKILL(skill) >= P_MAX_SKILL(skill)
                      && ((int) P_ADVANCE(skill)
                          >= practice_needed_to_advance(P_SKILL(skill))));
}

STATIC_OVL void
skill_advance(skill)
int skill;
{
    u.weapon_slots -= slots_required(skill);
    P_SKILL(skill)++;
    u.skill_record[u.skills_advanced++] = skill;
    /* subtly change the advance message to indicate no more advancement */
#if 0 /*JP*/
    You("are now %s skilled in %s.",
        P_SKILL(skill) >= P_MAX_SKILL(skill) ? "most" : "more",
        P_NAME(skill));
#else
    Your("%s\82Ì\83X\83L\83\8b\82ð%s\8d\82\82ß\82½\81D", 
         P_NAME(skill),
         P_SKILL(skill) >= P_MAX_SKILL(skill) ? "\8dÅ\8d\82\82É" : "\82³\82ç\82É");
#endif
}

static const struct skill_range {
    short first, last;
    const char *name;
} skill_ranges[] = {
/*JP
    { P_FIRST_H_TO_H, P_LAST_H_TO_H, "Fighting Skills" },
*/
    { P_FIRST_H_TO_H, P_LAST_H_TO_H, "\90í\82¢\82Ì\83X\83L\83\8b" },
/*JP
    { P_FIRST_WEAPON, P_LAST_WEAPON, "Weapon Skills" },
*/
    { P_FIRST_WEAPON, P_LAST_WEAPON, "\95\90\8aí\82Ì\83X\83L\83\8b" },
/*JP
    { P_FIRST_SPELL, P_LAST_SPELL, "Spellcasting Skills" },
*/
    { P_FIRST_SPELL,  P_LAST_SPELL,  "\96\82\96@\82Ì\83X\83L\83\8b" },
};

/*
 * The `#enhance' extended command.  What we _really_ would like is
 * to keep being able to pick things to advance until we couldn't any
 * more.  This is currently not possible -- the menu code has no way
 * to call us back for instant action.  Even if it did, we would also need
 * to be able to update the menu since selecting one item could make
 * others unselectable.
 */
int
enhance_weapon_skill()
{
    int pass, i, n, len, longest, to_advance, eventually_advance, maxxed_cnt;
    char buf[BUFSZ], sklnambuf[BUFSZ];
    const char *prefix;
    menu_item *selected;
    anything any;
    winid win;
    boolean speedy = FALSE;

    if (wizard && yn("Advance skills without practice?") == 'y')
        speedy = TRUE;

    do {
        /* find longest available skill name, count those that can advance */
        to_advance = eventually_advance = maxxed_cnt = 0;
        for (longest = 0, i = 0; i < P_NUM_SKILLS; i++) {
            if (P_RESTRICTED(i))
                continue;
            if ((len = strlen(P_NAME(i))) > longest)
                longest = len;
            if (can_advance(i, speedy))
                to_advance++;
            else if (could_advance(i))
                eventually_advance++;
            else if (peaked_skill(i))
                maxxed_cnt++;
        }

        win = create_nhwindow(NHW_MENU);
        start_menu(win);

        /* start with a legend if any entries will be annotated
           with "*" or "#" below */
        if (eventually_advance > 0 || maxxed_cnt > 0) {
            any = zeroany;
            if (eventually_advance > 0) {
#if 0 /*JP*/
                Sprintf(buf, "(Skill%s flagged by \"*\" may be enhanced %s.)",
                        plur(eventually_advance),
                        (u.ulevel < MAXULEV)
                            ? "when you're more experienced"
                            : "if skill slots become available");
#else
                Sprintf(buf, "(\"*\"\82ª\82Â\82¢\82Ä\82¢\82é\83X\83L\83\8b\82Í%s\8d\82\82ß\82ç\82ê\82é\81D)",
                        (u.ulevel < MAXULEV)
                            ? "\82à\82Á\82Æ\8co\8c±\82ð\82Â\82ß\82Î"
                            : "\83X\83L\83\8b\83X\83\8d\83b\83g\82ª\8eg\82¦\82é\82æ\82¤\82É\82È\82ê\82Î");
#endif
                add_menu(win, NO_GLYPH, &any, 0, 0, ATR_NONE, buf,
                         MENU_UNSELECTED);
            }
            if (maxxed_cnt > 0) {
#if 0 /*JP*/
                Sprintf(buf,
                 "(Skill%s flagged by \"#\" cannot be enhanced any further.)",
                        plur(maxxed_cnt));
#else
                Sprintf(buf,
                        "(\"#\"\82ª\82Â\82¢\82Ä\82¢\82é\83X\83L\83\8b\82Í\82±\82ê\88È\8fã\8d\82\82ß\82ç\82ê\82È\82¢\81D)");
#endif
                add_menu(win, NO_GLYPH, &any, 0, 0, ATR_NONE, buf,
                         MENU_UNSELECTED);
            }
            add_menu(win, NO_GLYPH, &any, 0, 0, ATR_NONE, "",
                     MENU_UNSELECTED);
        }

        /* List the skills, making ones that could be advanced
           selectable.  List the miscellaneous skills first.
           Possible future enhancement:  list spell skills before
           weapon skills for spellcaster roles. */
        for (pass = 0; pass < SIZE(skill_ranges); pass++)
            for (i = skill_ranges[pass].first; i <= skill_ranges[pass].last;
                 i++) {
                /* Print headings for skill types */
                any = zeroany;
                if (i == skill_ranges[pass].first)
                    add_menu(win, NO_GLYPH, &any, 0, 0, iflags.menu_headings,
                             skill_ranges[pass].name, MENU_UNSELECTED);

                if (P_RESTRICTED(i))
                    continue;
                /*
                 * Sigh, this assumes a monospaced font unless
                 * iflags.menu_tab_sep is set in which case it puts
                 * tabs between columns.
                 * The 12 is the longest skill level name.
                 * The "    " is room for a selection letter and dash, "a - ".
                 */
                if (can_advance(i, speedy))
                    prefix = ""; /* will be preceded by menu choice */
                else if (could_advance(i))
                    prefix = "  * ";
                else if (peaked_skill(i))
                    prefix = "  # ";
                else
                    prefix =
                        (to_advance + eventually_advance + maxxed_cnt > 0)
                            ? "    "
                            : "";
                (void) skill_level_name(i, sklnambuf);
                if (wizard) {
                    if (!iflags.menu_tab_sep)
                        Sprintf(buf, " %s%-*s %-12s %5d(%4d)", prefix,
                                longest, P_NAME(i), sklnambuf, P_ADVANCE(i),
                                practice_needed_to_advance(P_SKILL(i)));
                    else
                        Sprintf(buf, " %s%s\t%s\t%5d(%4d)", prefix, P_NAME(i),
                                sklnambuf, P_ADVANCE(i),
                                practice_needed_to_advance(P_SKILL(i)));
                } else {
                    if (!iflags.menu_tab_sep)
                        Sprintf(buf, " %s %-*s [%s]", prefix, longest,
                                P_NAME(i), sklnambuf);
                    else
                        Sprintf(buf, " %s%s\t[%s]", prefix, P_NAME(i),
                                sklnambuf);
                }
                any.a_int = can_advance(i, speedy) ? i + 1 : 0;
                add_menu(win, NO_GLYPH, &any, 0, 0, ATR_NONE, buf,
                         MENU_UNSELECTED);
            }

#if 0 /*JP*/
        Strcpy(buf, (to_advance > 0) ? "Pick a skill to advance:"
                                     : "Current skills:");
#else
        Strcpy(buf, (to_advance > 0) ? "\83X\83L\83\8b\82ð\91I\91ð\82µ\82Ä\82­\82¾\82³\82¢\81F"
                                     : "\8c»\8dÝ\82Ì\83X\83L\83\8b\81F");
#endif
        if (wizard && !speedy)
            Sprintf(eos(buf), "  (%d slot%s available)", u.weapon_slots,
                    plur(u.weapon_slots));
        end_menu(win, buf);
        n = select_menu(win, to_advance ? PICK_ONE : PICK_NONE, &selected);
        destroy_nhwindow(win);
        if (n > 0) {
            n = selected[0].item.a_int - 1; /* get item selected */
            free((genericptr_t) selected);
            skill_advance(n);
            /* check for more skills able to advance, if so then .. */
            for (n = i = 0; i < P_NUM_SKILLS; i++) {
                if (can_advance(i, speedy)) {
                    if (!speedy)
/*JP
                        You_feel("you could be more dangerous!");
*/
                        You("\82³\82ç\82É\83X\83L\83\8b\82ð\8d\82\82ß\82é\82±\82Æ\82ª\82Å\82«\82»\82¤\82È\8bC\82ª\82µ\82½\81I");
                    n++;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    } while (speedy && n > 0);
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Change from restricted to unrestricted, allowing P_BASIC as max.  This
 * function may be called with with P_NONE.  Used in pray.c.
 */
void
unrestrict_weapon_skill(skill)
int skill;
{
    if (skill < P_NUM_SKILLS && P_RESTRICTED(skill)) {
        P_SKILL(skill) = P_UNSKILLED;
        P_MAX_SKILL(skill) = P_BASIC;
        P_ADVANCE(skill) = 0;
    }
}

void
use_skill(skill, degree)
int skill;
int degree;
{
    boolean advance_before;

    if (skill != P_NONE && !P_RESTRICTED(skill)) {
        advance_before = can_advance(skill, FALSE);
        P_ADVANCE(skill) += degree;
        if (!advance_before && can_advance(skill, FALSE))
            give_may_advance_msg(skill);
    }
}

void
add_weapon_skill(n)
int n; /* number of slots to gain; normally one */
{
    int i, before, after;

    for (i = 0, before = 0; i < P_NUM_SKILLS; i++)
        if (can_advance(i, FALSE))
            before++;
    u.weapon_slots += n;
    for (i = 0, after = 0; i < P_NUM_SKILLS; i++)
        if (can_advance(i, FALSE))
            after++;
    if (before < after)
        give_may_advance_msg(P_NONE);
}

void
lose_weapon_skill(n)
int n; /* number of slots to lose; normally one */
{
    int skill;

    while (--n >= 0) {
        /* deduct first from unused slots then from last placed one, if any */
        if (u.weapon_slots) {
            u.weapon_slots--;
        } else if (u.skills_advanced) {
            skill = u.skill_record[--u.skills_advanced];
            if (P_SKILL(skill) <= P_UNSKILLED)
                panic("lose_weapon_skill (%d)", skill);
            P_SKILL(skill)--; /* drop skill one level */
            /* Lost skill might have taken more than one slot; refund rest. */
            u.weapon_slots = slots_required(skill) - 1;
            /* It might now be possible to advance some other pending
               skill by using the refunded slots, but giving a message
               to that effect would seem pretty confusing.... */
        }
    }
}

int
weapon_type(obj)
struct obj *obj;
{
    /* KMH -- now uses the object table */
    int type;

    if (!obj)
        return P_BARE_HANDED_COMBAT; /* Not using a weapon */
    if (obj->oclass != WEAPON_CLASS && obj->oclass != TOOL_CLASS
        && obj->oclass != GEM_CLASS)
        return P_NONE; /* Not a weapon, weapon-tool, or ammo */
    type = objects[obj->otyp].oc_skill;
    return (type < 0) ? -type : type;
}

int
uwep_skill_type()
{
    if (u.twoweap)
        return P_TWO_WEAPON_COMBAT;
    return weapon_type(uwep);
}

/*
 * Return hit bonus/penalty based on skill of weapon.
 * Treat restricted weapons as unskilled.
 */
int
weapon_hit_bonus(weapon)
struct obj *weapon;
{
    int type, wep_type, skill, bonus = 0;
    static const char bad_skill[] = "weapon_hit_bonus: bad skill %d";

    wep_type = weapon_type(weapon);
    /* use two weapon skill only if attacking with one of the wielded weapons
     */
    type = (u.twoweap && (weapon == uwep || weapon == uswapwep))
               ? P_TWO_WEAPON_COMBAT
               : wep_type;
    if (type == P_NONE) {
        bonus = 0;
    } else if (type <= P_LAST_WEAPON) {
        switch (P_SKILL(type)) {
        default:
            impossible(bad_skill, P_SKILL(type)); /* fall through */
        case P_ISRESTRICTED:
        case P_UNSKILLED:
            bonus = -4;
            break;
        case P_BASIC:
            bonus = 0;
            break;
        case P_SKILLED:
            bonus = 2;
            break;
        case P_EXPERT:
            bonus = 3;
            break;
        }
    } else if (type == P_TWO_WEAPON_COMBAT) {
        skill = P_SKILL(P_TWO_WEAPON_COMBAT);
        if (P_SKILL(wep_type) < skill)
            skill = P_SKILL(wep_type);
        switch (skill) {
        default:
            impossible(bad_skill, skill); /* fall through */
        case P_ISRESTRICTED:
        case P_UNSKILLED:
            bonus = -9;
            break;
        case P_BASIC:
            bonus = -7;
            break;
        case P_SKILLED:
            bonus = -5;
            break;
        case P_EXPERT:
            bonus = -3;
            break;
        }
    } else if (type == P_BARE_HANDED_COMBAT) {
        /*
         *        b.h. m.a.
         * unskl:  +1  n/a
         * basic:  +1   +3
         * skild:  +2   +4
         * exprt:  +2   +5
         * mastr:  +3   +6
         * grand:  +3   +7
         */
        bonus = P_SKILL(type);
        bonus = max(bonus, P_UNSKILLED) - 1; /* unskilled => 0 */
        bonus = ((bonus + 2) * (martial_bonus() ? 2 : 1)) / 2;
    }

    /* KMH -- It's harder to hit while you are riding */
    if (u.usteed) {
        switch (P_SKILL(P_RIDING)) {
        case P_ISRESTRICTED:
        case P_UNSKILLED:
            bonus -= 2;
            break;
        case P_BASIC:
            bonus -= 1;
            break;
        case P_SKILLED:
            break;
        case P_EXPERT:
            break;
        }
        if (u.twoweap)
            bonus -= 2;
    }

    return bonus;
}

/*
 * Return damage bonus/penalty based on skill of weapon.
 * Treat restricted weapons as unskilled.
 */
int
weapon_dam_bonus(weapon)
struct obj *weapon;
{
    int type, wep_type, skill, bonus = 0;

    wep_type = weapon_type(weapon);
    /* use two weapon skill only if attacking with one of the wielded weapons
     */
    type = (u.twoweap && (weapon == uwep || weapon == uswapwep))
               ? P_TWO_WEAPON_COMBAT
               : wep_type;
    if (type == P_NONE) {
        bonus = 0;
    } else if (type <= P_LAST_WEAPON) {
        switch (P_SKILL(type)) {
        default:
            impossible("weapon_dam_bonus: bad skill %d", P_SKILL(type));
        /* fall through */
        case P_ISRESTRICTED:
        case P_UNSKILLED:
            bonus = -2;
            break;
        case P_BASIC:
            bonus = 0;
            break;
        case P_SKILLED:
            bonus = 1;
            break;
        case P_EXPERT:
            bonus = 2;
            break;
        }
    } else if (type == P_TWO_WEAPON_COMBAT) {
        skill = P_SKILL(P_TWO_WEAPON_COMBAT);
        if (P_SKILL(wep_type) < skill)
            skill = P_SKILL(wep_type);
        switch (skill) {
        default:
        case P_ISRESTRICTED:
        case P_UNSKILLED:
            bonus = -3;
            break;
        case P_BASIC:
            bonus = -1;
            break;
        case P_SKILLED:
            bonus = 0;
            break;
        case P_EXPERT:
            bonus = 1;
            break;
        }
    } else if (type == P_BARE_HANDED_COMBAT) {
        /*
         *        b.h. m.a.
         * unskl:   0  n/a
         * basic:  +1   +3
         * skild:  +1   +4
         * exprt:  +2   +6
         * mastr:  +2   +7
         * grand:  +3   +9
         */
        bonus = P_SKILL(type);
        bonus = max(bonus, P_UNSKILLED) - 1; /* unskilled => 0 */
        bonus = ((bonus + 1) * (martial_bonus() ? 3 : 1)) / 2;
    }

    /* KMH -- Riding gives some thrusting damage */
    if (u.usteed && type != P_TWO_WEAPON_COMBAT) {
        switch (P_SKILL(P_RIDING)) {
        case P_ISRESTRICTED:
        case P_UNSKILLED:
            break;
        case P_BASIC:
            break;
        case P_SKILLED:
            bonus += 1;
            break;
        case P_EXPERT:
            bonus += 2;
            break;
        }
    }

    return bonus;
}

/*
 * Initialize weapon skill array for the game.  Start by setting all
 * skills to restricted, then set the skill for every weapon the
 * hero is holding, finally reading the given array that sets
 * maximums.
 */
void
skill_init(class_skill)
const struct def_skill *class_skill;
{
    struct obj *obj;
    int skmax, skill;

    /* initialize skill array; by default, everything is restricted */
    for (skill = 0; skill < P_NUM_SKILLS; skill++) {
        P_SKILL(skill) = P_ISRESTRICTED;
        P_MAX_SKILL(skill) = P_ISRESTRICTED;
        P_ADVANCE(skill) = 0;
    }

    /* Set skill for all weapons in inventory to be basic */
    for (obj = invent; obj; obj = obj->nobj) {
        /* don't give skill just because of carried ammo, wait until
           we see the relevant launcher (prevents an archeologist's
           touchstone from inadvertently providing skill in sling) */
        if (is_ammo(obj))
            continue;

        skill = weapon_type(obj);
        if (skill != P_NONE)
            P_SKILL(skill) = P_BASIC;
    }

    /* set skills for magic */
    if (Role_if(PM_HEALER) || Role_if(PM_MONK)) {
        P_SKILL(P_HEALING_SPELL) = P_BASIC;
    } else if (Role_if(PM_PRIEST)) {
        P_SKILL(P_CLERIC_SPELL) = P_BASIC;
    } else if (Role_if(PM_WIZARD)) {
        P_SKILL(P_ATTACK_SPELL) = P_BASIC;
        P_SKILL(P_ENCHANTMENT_SPELL) = P_BASIC;
    }

    /* walk through array to set skill maximums */
    for (; class_skill->skill != P_NONE; class_skill++) {
        skmax = class_skill->skmax;
        skill = class_skill->skill;

        P_MAX_SKILL(skill) = skmax;
        if (P_SKILL(skill) == P_ISRESTRICTED) /* skill pre-set */
            P_SKILL(skill) = P_UNSKILLED;
    }

    /* High potential fighters already know how to use their hands. */
    if (P_MAX_SKILL(P_BARE_HANDED_COMBAT) > P_EXPERT)
        P_SKILL(P_BARE_HANDED_COMBAT) = P_BASIC;

    /* Roles that start with a horse know how to ride it */
    if (urole.petnum == PM_PONY)
        P_SKILL(P_RIDING) = P_BASIC;

    /*
     * Make sure we haven't missed setting the max on a skill
     * & set advance
     */
    for (skill = 0; skill < P_NUM_SKILLS; skill++) {
        if (!P_RESTRICTED(skill)) {
            if (P_MAX_SKILL(skill) < P_SKILL(skill)) {
                impossible("skill_init: curr > max: %s", P_NAME(skill));
                P_MAX_SKILL(skill) = P_SKILL(skill);
            }
            P_ADVANCE(skill) = practice_needed_to_advance(P_SKILL(skill) - 1);
        }
    }
}

void
setmnotwielded(mon, obj)
register struct monst *mon;
register struct obj *obj;
{
    if (!obj)
        return;
    if (artifact_light(obj) && obj->lamplit) {
        end_burn(obj, FALSE);
        if (canseemon(mon))
#if 0 /*JP*/
            pline("%s in %s %s %s shining.", The(xname(obj)),
                  s_suffix(mon_nam(mon)), mbodypart(mon, HAND),
                  otense(obj, "stop"));
#else
            pline("%s\82ª\8e\9d\82Â%s\82Ì\8bP\82«\82ª\8fÁ\82¦\82½\81D",
                  mon_nam(mon), xname(obj));
#endif
    }
    if (MON_WEP(mon) == obj)
        MON_NOWEP(mon);
    obj->owornmask &= ~W_WEP;
}

/*weapon.c*/