1 .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
13 .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
14 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
15 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
16 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 .\" without specific prior written permission.
20 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32 .\" @(#)dbopen.3 8.5 (Berkeley) 1/2/94
34 .\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1999 Shouichi Saito
35 .\" all rights reserved.
36 .\" Translated Thu Jul 22 00:00:00 JST 1999
37 .\" by Shouichi Saito <ss236rx@ymg.urban.ne.jp>
38 .\" Proofed Tue Aug 19 1999 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
40 .\"WORD: descriptor ¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿
41 .TH DBOPEN 3 1994-01-02 "" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
45 .\"O dbopen \- database access methods
46 dbopen \- ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É
50 .B #include <sys/types.h>
51 .B #include <limits.h>
54 .BI "DB *dbopen(const char *" file ", int " flags ", int " mode \
56 .BI " const void *" openinfo );
61 .\"O is the library interface to database files.
63 ¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
64 .\"O The supported file formats are btree, hashed and UNIX file oriented.
65 .\"O The btree format is a representation of a sorted, balanced tree structure.
66 .\"O The hashed format is an extensible, dynamic hashing scheme.
67 .\"O The flat-file format is a byte stream file with fixed or variable length
69 ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Ï btree, hash,
70 UNIX ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë»Ø¸þ¤·¤¿¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È, ¤Î 3 ¤Ä¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
71 btree ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡¢¥½¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ð¥é¥ó¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¹½Â¤¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
72 hashed ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡¢³ÈÄ¥²Äǽ¤ÊưŪ hash ¥¹¥¡¼¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
73 ¥Õ¥é¥Ã¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (flat-file) ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡¢
74 ¸ÇÄêĹ/²ÄÊÑĹ¤Î¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤«¤é¤Ê¤ë¥Ð¥¤¥È¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
75 .\"O The formats and file format specific information are described in detail
76 .\"O in their respective manual pages
81 ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤È¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤ËÆÃͤξðÊó¤Ï
82 ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ìÂбþ¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸
86 ¤Ë¾ÜºÙ¤Ëµ½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
91 .\"O for reading and/or writing.
95 ¤òÆɤ߹þ¤ß (Æɤ߽ñ¤) ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤¹¤ë¡£
96 .\"O Files never intended to be preserved on disk may be created by setting
99 .\"O argument to NULL.
101 °ú¤¿ô¤ò NULL ¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢
102 ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¾å¤ËÊݸ¤·¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
108 .\"O arguments are as specified to the
110 .\"O routine, however, only the
114 .\"O .BR O_NONBLOCK ,
120 .\"O flags are meaningful.
126 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ç»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤Î¤ÈƱÍͤǤ¢¤ë¡£¤¿¤À¤·
137 .\"O (Note, opening a database file
139 .\"O is not possible.)
142 ¤Ç¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò³«¤¯»ö¤Ï½ÐÍè¤Ê¤¤)
143 .\"Three additional options may be specified by ORing
149 .\"Do the necessary locking in the database to support concurrent access.
150 .\"If concurrent access isn't needed or the database is read-only this
151 .\"flag should not be set, as it tends to have an associated performance
155 .\"Place the underlying memory pool used by the database in shared
157 .\"Necessary for concurrent access.
160 .\"Support transactions in the database.
161 .\"The DB_LOCK and DB_SHMEM flags must be set as well.
165 .\"O argument is of type
167 .\"O (as defined in the
169 .\"O include file) and
178 ·¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë (¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
184 ¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
188 .\"O argument is a pointer to an access method specific structure described
189 .\"O in the access method's manual page.
192 .\"O is NULL, each access method will use defaults appropriate for the system
193 .\"O and the access method.
195 °ú¤¿ô¤Ï¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤Ë¸Çͤʹ½Â¤ÂΤؤΥݥ¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
196 ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¹½Â¤ÂΤ˴ؤ·¤Æ¤Ï³Æ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤Î
197 ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ëµ½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
199 ¤¬ NULL ¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤È¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤È¤ËŬ¹ç¤·¤¿
200 ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤¬ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
203 .\"O returns a pointer to a
205 .\"O structure on success and NULL on error.
208 .\"O structure is defined in the
210 .\"O include file, and contains at
211 .\"O least the following fields:
215 ¹½Â¤ÂΤؤΥݥ¤¥ó¥¿¤ò¡¢¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç NULL ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
219 ¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÃæ¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢
220 ¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
226 int (*close)(const DB *db);
227 int (*del)(const DB *db, const DBT *key, unsigned int flags);
228 int (*fd)(const DB *db);
229 int (*get)(const DB *db, DBT *key, DBT *data,
231 int (*put)(const DB *db, DBT *key, const DBT *data,
233 int (*sync)(const DB *db, unsigned int flags);
234 int (*seq)(const DB *db, DBT *key, DBT *data,
240 .\"O These elements describe a database type and a set of functions performing
241 .\"O various actions.
242 .\"O These functions take a pointer to a structure as returned by
244 .\"O and sometimes one or more pointers to key/data structures and a flag value.
245 ³ÆÍ×ÁǤˤϡ¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤È¡¢
246 ÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÆ°ºî¤ò¤¹¤ë´Ø¿ô¤Î¥»¥Ã¥È¤¬µ½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
249 ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¹½Â¤ÂΤؤΥݥ¤¥ó¥¿¤ò°ú¤¿ô¤Ë¤È¤ë¡£
250 ¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿¹½Â¤ÂΤؤΥݥ¤¥ó¥¿¤ä¥Õ¥é¥°Ãͤò¼è¤ë¤â¤Î¤â¤¢¤ë¡£
253 .\"O The type of the underlying access method (and file format).
254 ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É (¤È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È) ¤Î·¿¡£
257 .\"O A pointer to a routine to flush any cached information to disk, free any
258 .\"O allocated resources, and close the underlying file(s).
259 ¥¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ðÊó¤ò¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ËÁݤ¤À¤¹¤¿¤á¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¡£
260 ³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤¿¥ê¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò²òÊü¤·¡¢ÍøÍѤ·¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë(·²)¤ò¥¯¥í¡¼¥º¤¹¤ë¡£
261 .\"O Since key/data pairs may be cached in memory, failing to sync the file
266 .\"O function may result in inconsistent or lost information.
267 ¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФ¬¥á¥â¥ê¤Ë¥¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
271 ´Ø¿ô¤Ç¤ÎƱ´ü¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¾ðÊó¤ËÌ·½â¤¬À¸¤¸¤ë¤«¾ðÊó¤ò¼º¤¦²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
273 .\"O routines return \-1 on error (setting
275 .\"O and 0 on success.
277 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤·
279 ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë)¡¢À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
282 .\"O A pointer to a routine to remove key/data pairs from the database.
283 ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤«¤é¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФòºï½ü¤¹¤ë¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¡£
287 .\"O may be set to the following value:
289 °ú¤¿ô¤Ï¼¡¤ÎÃͤ¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
293 .\"O Delete the record referenced by the cursor.
294 .\"O The cursor must have previously been initialized.
295 ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë (cursor) ¤¬»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤òºï½ü¤¹¤ë¡£
296 ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤ÏÁ°¤â¤Ã¤Æ½é´ü²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
300 .\"O routines return \-1 on error (setting
302 .\"O 0 on success, and 1 if the specified
304 .\"O was not in the file.
306 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤·
308 ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë)¡¢À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿»ØÄê¤Î
310 ¤¬¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÃæ¤Ë̵¤¤¾ì¹ç 1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
313 .\"O A pointer to a routine which returns a file descriptor representative
314 .\"O of the underlying database.
315 ÍѤ¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó
317 .\"O A file descriptor referencing the same file will be returned to all
318 .\"O processes which call
327 ¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤¿Á´¤Æ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢
328 ¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼¨¤¹Ã±°ì¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
329 .\"O This file descriptor may be safely used as an argument to the
333 .\"O locking functions.
334 ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤Ï¥í¥Ã¥¯´Ø¿ô
338 ¤Ø¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ°ÂÁ´¤Ë»ÈÍѤǤ¤ë¡£
339 .\"O The file descriptor is not necessarily associated with any of the
340 .\"O underlying files used by the access method.
341 .\"O No file descriptor is available for in memory databases.
343 .\"O routines return \-1 on error (setting
345 .\"O and the file descriptor on success.
346 ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤Ï¡¢É¬¤º¤·¤â¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤Ç
347 ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤Å¤±¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤âÎɤ¤¡£
348 ¥á¥â¥êÆâ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤Ï̵¤¤¡£
350 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤·
352 ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë)¡¢À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
355 .\"O A pointer to a routine which is the interface for keyed retrieval from
357 ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤«¤é¥¡¼¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹¤¿¤á¤Î
358 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¡£
359 .\"O The address and length of the data associated with the specified
361 .\"O are returned in the structure referenced by
365 ¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤Å¤±¤é¤ì¤¿¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÈŤµ¤¬
367 ¤¬»²¾È¤¹¤ë¹½Â¤ÂΤËÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
369 .\"O routines return \-1 on error (setting
371 .\"O 0 on success, and 1 if the
373 .\"O was not in the file.
375 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤·
377 ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë)¡¢À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿
379 ¤¬¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÃæ¤Ë̵¤¤¾ì¹ç 1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
382 .\"O A pointer to a routine to store key/data pairs in the database.
383 ¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФò¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ËǼ¤á¤ë¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¡£
387 .\"O may be set to one of the following values:
389 °ú¤¿ô¤Ë¤Ï¼¡¤ÎÃͤΤ¦¤Á¤Î¤É¤ì¤«°ì¤Ä¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
393 .\"O Replace the key/data pair referenced by the cursor.
394 .\"O The cursor must have previously been initialized.
395 ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤¬»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФòÃÖ¤´¹¤¨¤ë¡£
396 ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤ÏÁ°¤â¤Ã¤Æ½é´ü²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£
399 .\"O Append the data immediately after the data referenced by
401 .\"O creating a new key/data pair.
402 .\"O The record number of the appended key/data pair is returned in the
405 .\"O (Applicable only to the
409 ¤Ç»²¾È¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Îľ¸å¤Ë¡¢
410 ¿·¤·¤¤¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФòºî¤Ã¤Æ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÄɲ乤롣
411 Äɲ䵤줿¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФΥ쥳¡¼¥ÉÈÖ¹æ¤Ï
415 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹ÊýË¡¤Ç¤Î¤ß»È¤¨¤ë¡£)
418 .\"O Insert the data immediately before the data referenced by
420 .\"O creating a new key/data pair.
421 .\"O The record number of the inserted key/data pair is returned in the
424 .\"O (Applicable only to the
428 ¤Ç»²¾È¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ÎľÁ°¤Ë¡¢
429 ¿·¤·¤¤¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФòºî¤Ã¤Æ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÁÞÆþ¤¹¤ë¡£
430 Äɲ䵤줿¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФΥ쥳¡¼¥ÉÈÖ¹æ¤Ï
434 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤Ç¤Î¤ß»È¤¨¤ë¡£)
437 .\"O Enter the new key/data pair only if the key does not previously exist.
438 ¥¡¼¤¬¤¢¤é¤«¤¸¤á¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¸Â¤ê¡¢¿·¤·¤¤¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФò¤¤¤ì¤ë¡£
441 .\"O Store the key/data pair, setting or initializing the position of the
442 .\"O cursor to reference it.
443 .\"O (Applicable only to the
447 .\"O access methods.)
448 ¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФòǼ¤á¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò»Ø¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë¥«¡¼¥½¥ë°ÌÃÖ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï½é´ü
453 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤Ç¤Î¤ß»È¤¨¤ë¡£)
457 .\"O is available only for the
462 .\"O methods because it implies that the keys have an inherent order
463 .\"O which does not change.
469 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤Ç¤·¤«ÍøÍѤǤ¤Ê¤¤¡£
472 ¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Êѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤ë»ö¤Î̵¤¤¸Çͤνç½ø¤ò¥¡¼
473 ¤¬»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
478 .\"O are available only for the
480 .\"O access method because they each imply that the access method is able to
481 .\"O create new keys.
482 .\"O This is only true if the keys are ordered and independent, record numbers
489 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤Ç¤·¤«ÍøÍѤǤ¤Ê¤¤¡£
490 ¤³¤ì¤é¤ò¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤¬
491 ¿·¤·¤¤¥¡¼¤òºî¤ì¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
492 ¤³¤ì¤¬À®Î©¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢Î㤨¤Ð¡¢½ç½ø¤Å¤±¤é¤¿ÆÈΩ¤Ê¥ì¥³¡¼¥ÉÈֹ椬
493 ¥¡¼¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
495 .\"O The default behavior of the
497 .\"O routines is to enter the new key/data pair, replacing any previously
499 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï¡¢¿·¤·¤¤¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФò
500 ´û¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥¡¼¤òÃÖ¤´¹¤¨¤ë»ö¤Æ³ÊǼ¤¹¤ëÆ°ºî¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
503 .\"O routines return \-1 on error (setting
505 .\"O 0 on success, and 1 if the
506 .\"O .B R_NOOVERWRITE
508 .\"O was set and the key already exists in the file.
509 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤·
511 ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë)¡¢À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿
515 ¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¥¡¼¤¬´û¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç 1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
518 .\"O A pointer to a routine which is the interface for sequential
519 .\"O retrieval from the database.
520 .\"O The address and length of the key are returned in the structure
523 .\"O and the address and length of the data are returned in the
524 .\"O structure referenced
527 ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤«¤é¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥·¥ã¥ë¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹¤¿¤á¤Î
528 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¡£
529 ¥¡¼¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÈŤµ¤¬
531 ¤¬»²¾È¤¹¤ë¹½Â¤ÂΤËÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÈŤµ¤¬
533 ¤¬»²¾È¤¹¤ë¹½Â¤ÂΤËÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
535 .\"O Sequential key/data pair retrieval may begin at any time, and the
536 .\"O position of the "cursor" is not affected by calls to the
537 ¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥·¥ã¥ë¤Ê¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФμèÆÀ¤Ï¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤â¹Ô¤¨¤ë¡£¤Þ¤¿
545 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ë¤Ï±Æ¶Á¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
546 .\"O Modifications to the database during a sequential scan will be reflected
547 .\"O in the scan, that is,
548 .\"O records inserted behind the cursor will not be returned
549 .\"O while records inserted in front of the cursor will be returned.
550 ¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥·¥ã¥ë¤Ê¥¹¥¥ã¥ó¤ÎÅÓÃæ¤Ë¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤¿¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ø¤ÎÊѹ¹¤Ï
551 ¥¹¥¥ã¥ó¤ËÈ¿±Ç¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤Î¸å¤í¤ËÁÞÆþ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï
552 ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤ÎÁ°¤ËÁÞÆþ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤ÏÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
556 .\"O be set to one of the following values:
557 ¥Õ¥é¥°ÃͤˤÏ\fBɬ¤º\fP°Ê²¼¤Ë¼¨¤¹¤¦¤Á¤Î
558 ¤É¤ì¤«°ì¤Ä¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
562 .\"O The data associated with the specified key is returned.
563 .\"O This differs from the
565 .\"O routines in that it sets or initializes the cursor to the location of
566 .\"O the key as well.
569 .\"O access method, the returned key is not necessarily an
570 .\"O exact match for the specified key.
571 .\"O The returned key is the smallest key greater than or equal to the specified
572 .\"O key, permitting partial key matches and range searches.)
573 »ØÄꤷ¤¿¥¡¼¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤Å¤±¤é¤ì¤¿¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
575 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤È¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ï¡¢¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤¬¥¡¼¤Î°ÌÃ֤˥»¥Ã¥È¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï
576 ½é´ü²½¤µ¤ì¤ëÅÀ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
579 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹ÊýË¡¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¡¼¤¬
580 ɬ¤º¤·¤â»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥¡¼¤ËÀµ¤·¤¯¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
581 ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¡¼¤Ï¡¢»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥¡¼¤ËÅù¤·¤¤¤«¤è¤êÂ礤¤¤â¤Î¤Î¤¦¤Á
583 (Éôʬ¥¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤«Èϰϸ¡º÷¤¬µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç)¡£)
586 .\"O The first key/data pair of the database is returned, and the cursor
587 .\"O is set or initialized to reference it.
588 ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФ¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
589 ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤Ï¤½¤ì¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤Þ¤¿¤Ï½é´ü²½¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
592 .\"O The last key/data pair of the database is returned, and the cursor
593 .\"O is set or initialized to reference it.
594 .\"O (Applicable only to the
598 .\"O access methods.)
599 ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Î¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФ¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤Ï¤½¤ì¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë
600 ¤è¤¦¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤Þ¤¿¤Ï½é´ü²½¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
604 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤À¤±¤Ç»È¤¨¤ë¡£)
607 .\"O Retrieve the key/data pair immediately after the cursor.
608 .\"O If the cursor is not yet set, this is the same as the
611 ¥«¡¼¥½¥ëľ¸å¤Î¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФò¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë¡£
612 ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï
617 .\"O Retrieve the key/data pair immediately before the cursor.
618 .\"O If the cursor is not yet set, this is the same as the
621 .\"O (Applicable only to the
625 .\"O access methods.)
626 ¥«¡¼¥½¥ëľÁ°¤Î¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФò¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë¡£
627 ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï
633 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤À¤±¤Ç»È¤¨¤ë¡£)
639 .\"O are available only for the
643 .\"O access methods because they each imply that the keys have an inherent
644 .\"O order which does not change.
652 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹ÊýË¡¤Ç¤·¤«»È¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡£
655 ¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Êѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤ë»ö¤Î̵¤¤¸Çͤνç½ø¤ò¥¡¼¤¬»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
658 .\"O routines return \-1 on error (setting
660 .\"O 0 on success and 1 if there are no key/data pairs less than or greater
661 .\"O than the specified or current key.
664 .\"O access method is being used, and if the database file
665 .\"O is a character special file and no complete key/data pairs are currently
668 .\"O routines return 2.
669 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤·
672 À®¸ù¤Î¾ì¹ç 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
673 »ØÄꤷ¤¿¥¡¼¤ä¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥¡¼¤è¤ê¤âÂ礤¤/¾®¤µ¤¤¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФ¬¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï
676 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢
677 ¤«¤Ä¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Ê¸»ú·¿¤Î¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¡¢
678 ´°À®¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФ¬Ìµ¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
680 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï 2 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
683 .\"O A pointer to a routine to flush any cached information to disk.
684 .\"O If the database is in memory only, the
686 .\"O routine has no effect and will always succeed.
687 ¥¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ðÊó¤ò¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ËÁݤ½Ð¤¹¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¡£
688 ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤¬¥á¥â¥ê¤ÎÃæ¤À¤±¤Ë¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
690 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï²¿¤Î¸ú²Ì¤â¤Ê¤¯¾ï¤ËÀ®¸ù¤¹¤ë¡£
692 .\"O The flag value may be set to the following value:
693 flag ¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÃͤ¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
699 .\"O access method is being used, this flag causes
700 .\"O the sync routine to apply to the btree file which underlies the
701 .\"O recno file, not the recno file itself.
703 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë
704 ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
705 recno ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢
706 ¤½¤Î¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë btree ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë sync ¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
711 .\"O manual page for more information.)
716 ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤òÀâÌÀ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÉôʬ¤ò»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È¡£)
720 .\"O routines return \-1 on error (setting
722 .\"O and 0 on success.
723 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤·
725 ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë)¡¢À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
726 .\"O .SS "Key/Data Pairs"
728 .\"O Access to all file types is based on key/data pairs.
729 .\"O Both keys and data are represented by the following data structure:
730 Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢
731 ¥¡¼/¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÂФò¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤·¤Æ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
732 ¥¡¼¤È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤â¡¢¼¡¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¹½Â¤¤Çµ½Ò¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
742 .\"O The elements of the
744 .\"O structure are defined as follows:
746 ¹½Â¤ÂΤγÆÍ×ÁǤϼ¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
749 .\"O A pointer to a byte string.
750 ¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»úÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¡£
753 .\"O The length of the byte string.
756 .\"O Key and data byte strings may reference strings of essentially unlimited
757 .\"O length although any two of them must fit into available memory at the same
759 ¥¡¼¤È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»úÎó¤Ï¡¢
760 ´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¤Ï̵À©¸Â¤ÎŤµ¤Îʸ»úÎó¤ò»²¾È¤Ç¤¤ë¤¬¡¢
761 ¤·¤«¤·¤¤¤º¤ì¤â»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ê¥á¥â¥ê¤Ë¼ý¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
762 .\"O It should be noted that the access methods provide no guarantees about
763 .\"O byte string alignment.
764 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤Ï¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»úÎó¤Î¥¢¥é¥¤¥ó¥á¥ó¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï
765 ²¿¤âÊݾڤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤»ö¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
769 .\"O routine may fail and set
771 .\"O for any of the errors specified for the library routines
775 .\"O or the following:
777 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó
781 ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ë±þ¤¸¤¿
783 ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¡£¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
786 .\"O A file is incorrectly formatted.
787 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
790 .\"O A parameter has been specified (hash function, pad byte etc.) that is
791 .\"O incompatible with the current file specification or which is not
792 .\"O meaningful for the function (for example, use of the cursor without
793 .\"O prior initialization) or there is a mismatch between the version
794 .\"O number of file and the software.
795 »ØÄꤷ¤¿¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿(¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥å´Ø¿ô¡¢¥Ð¥¤¥ÈËä¤á¤Ê¤É)¤¬¸½ºß¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë»ÅÍͤË
796 ¹ç¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡¢¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤¬´Ø¿ô¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ̵°ÕÌ£
797 (Î㤨¤Ð¤¢¤é¤«¤¸¤á½é´ü²½¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¤È¤«)¡¢
798 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤¬¹ç¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
802 .\"O routines may fail and set
803 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó
805 .\"O for any of the errors specified for the library routines
812 ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ë±þ¤¸¤¿
823 .\"O routines may fail and set
824 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó
826 .\"O for any of the errors specified for the library routines
832 ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ë±þ¤¸¤¿
838 .\"O routines will fail and set
842 .\"O for in memory databases.
844 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¥á¥â¥êÆâ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ËÂФ·¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È
852 .\"O routines may fail and set
853 ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó
855 .\"O for any of the errors specified for the library routine
857 ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ë±þ¤¸¤¿
863 .\"O is a mnemonic for "data base thang", and was used
864 .\"O because no-one could think of a reasonable name that wasn't already used.
867 ¤Ï ``data base thang''¤Îά¸ì¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢
868 ¤Þ¤À»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤ÂÅÅö¤Ê̾Á°¤¬»×¤¤ÉÕ¤«¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
870 .\"O The file descriptor interface is a kludge and will be deleted in a
871 .\"O future version of the interface.
872 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¤ä¤ê¤È¤ê¤Ï¤Ò¤É¤¤Âåʪ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢
873 ¾Íè¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ïºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡£
875 .\"O None of the access methods provide any form of concurrent access,
876 .\"O locking, or transactions.
877 ¤É¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤â¡¢Æ±»þ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¡¢¥í¥Ã¥¯¡¢¥È¥é¥ó¥¶¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó
878 ¤Î»ÅÁȤߤÏÈ÷¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
885 .IR "LIBTP: Portable, Modular Transactions for UNIX" ,
886 Margo Seltzer, Michael Olson, USENIX proceedings, Winter 1992.