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[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / draft / man3 / expm1.3

.\" Copyright 1995 Jim Van Zandt <jrv@vanzandt.mv.com>
.\" and Copyright 2008, Linux Foundation, written by Michael Kerrisk
.\"     <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" Modified 2002-07-27 Walter Harms
.\"     (walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de)
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1998 NAKANO Takeo all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Mon May 18 1998 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Update Tue Sep 23 2003 by Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated 2008-09-16, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\"
.TH EXPM1 3  2008-08-05 "" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O expm1, expm1f, expm1l \- exponential minus 1
expm1, expm1f, expm1l \- °ú¤­¿ô¤Î»Ø¿ô¤«¤é 1 ¤ò°ú¤¤¤¿ÃÍ
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.nf
.B #include <math.h>
.sp
.BI "double expm1(double " x );
.br
.BI "float expm1f(float " x );
.br
.BI "long double expm1l(long double " x );
.sp
.fi
.\"O Link with \fI\-lm\fP.
\fI\-lm\fP ¤Ç¥ê¥ó¥¯¤¹¤ë¡£
.sp
.in -4n
.\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
»²¾È):
.in
.sp
.ad l
.BR expm1 ():
_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 || _ISOC99_SOURCE; or
.I cc\ -std=c99
.br
.BR expm1f (),
.BR expm1l ():
_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _ISOC99_SOURCE; or
.I cc\ -std=c99
.ad b
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O .I expm1(x)
.\"O returns a value equivalent to
.BI expm1( x )
¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÈÅù¤·¤¤ÃͤòÊÖ¤¹¡£
.nf

    exp(x) \- 1

.fi
.\"O It is
.\"O computed in a way that is accurate even if the value of \fIx\fP is near
.\"O zero\(ema case where
.\"O .I "exp(x) \- 1"
.\"O would be inaccurate due to
.\"O subtraction of two numbers that are nearly equal.
\fIx\fP ¤¬ 0 ¤Ë¶á¤¯¡¢
.I "exp(x) \- 1"
¤¬°ú¤­»»»þ¤Î·åÍî¤Á¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËÉÔÀµ³Î¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â¡¢
Àµ³Î¤ÊÃͤ¬·×»»¤Ç¤­¤ëÊýË¡¤¬ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH RETURN VALUE
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O On success, these functions return
.\"O .IR "exp(x)\ \-\ 1" .
À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï
.I "exp(x)\ \-\ 1"
¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£

.\"O If
.\"O .I x
.\"O is a NaN,
.\"O a NaN is returned.
.I x
¤¬ NaN ¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢NaN ¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

.\"O If
.\"O .I x
.\"O is +0 (\-0),
.\"O +0 (\-0) is returned.
.I x
¤¬ +0 (\-0) ¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢+0 (\-0) ¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

.\"O If
.\"O .I x
.\"O is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.
.I x
¤¬Àµ¤Î̵¸ÂÂç¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢Àµ¤Î̵¸ÂÂ礬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

.\"O If
.\"O .I x
.\"O is negative infinity, \-1 is returned.
.I x
¤¬Éé¤Î̵¸ÂÂç¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢\-1 ¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

.\"O If the result overflows, a range error occurs,
.\"O and the functions return
.\"O .RB - HUGE_VAL ,
.\"O .RB - HUGE_VALF ,
.\"O or
.\"O .RB - HUGE_VALL ,
.\"O respectively.
·ë²Ì¤¬¥ª¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥Õ¥í¡¼¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢ÈÏ°Ï¥¨¥é¡¼ (range error) ¤¬È¯À¸¤·¡¢
³Æ´Ø¿ô¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì
.RB - HUGE_VAL ,
.RB - HUGE_VALF ,
.RB - HUGE_VALL
¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\"O .SH ERRORS
.SH ¥¨¥é¡¼
.\"O See
.\"O .BR math_error (7)
.\"O for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred
.\"O when calling these functions.
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î´Ø¿ô¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤¿ºÝ¤Ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¤«¤ÎȽÄêÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï
.BR math_error (7)
¤ò»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È¡£
.PP
.\"O The following errors can occur:
°Ê²¼¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤¹¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O Range error, overflow
ÈÏ°Ï¥¨¥é¡¼ (range error)¡¢¥ª¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥Õ¥í¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç
.\" .I errno
.\" is set to
.\" .BR ERANGE .
.\"O An overflow floating-point exception
.\"O .RB ( FE_OVERFLOW )
.\"O is raised.
¥ª¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥Õ¥í¡¼ÉâÆ°¾®¿ôÅÀÎã³°
.RB ( FE_OVERFLOW )
¤¬¾å¤¬¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O These functions do not set
.\"O .IR errno .
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï
.I errno
¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\" FIXME . Is it intentional that these functions do not set errno?
.\" Bug raised: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6788
.\"
.\"
.\" POSIX.1 specifies an optional range error (underflow) if
.\" x is subnormal.  Glibc does not implement this.
.\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH ½àµò
C99, POSIX.1-2001.
.\" BSD.
.\"O .SH BUGS
.SH ¥Ð¥°
.\"O For some large negative
.\"O .I x
.\"O values (where the function result approaches \-1),
.\"O .BR expm1 ()
.\"O raises a bogus underflow floating-point exception.
.I x
¤¬Éé¤ÎÂ礭¤ÊÃͤξì¹ç (¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï´Ø¿ô¤Î·ë²Ì¤Ï \-1 ¤Ë¶áÉÕ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤¯)¡¢
.BR expm1 ()
¤Ï´Ö°ã¤Ã¤Æ¥¢¥ó¥À¡¼¥Õ¥í¡¼ÉâÆ°¾®¿ôÅÀÎã³°¤ò¾å¤²¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.\" FIXME .
.\" Bug raised: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6778

.\"O For some large positive
.\"O .I x
.\"O values,
.\"O .BR expm1 ()
.\"O raises a bogus invalid floating-point exception in addition to the expected
.\"O overflow exception, and returns a NaN instead of positive infinity.
.I x
¤¬Àµ¤ÎÂ礭¤ÊÃͤξì¹ç¡¢
.BR expm1 ()
¤Ï´üÂÔÄ̤ê¤Î¥ª¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥Õ¥í¡¼Îã³°¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯
´Ö°ã¤Ã¤ÆÉÔÀµ (invalid) ÉâÆ°¾®¿ôÅÀÎã³°¤ò¾å¤²¡¢
Àµ¤Î̵¸ÂÂç¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ NaN ¤òÊÖ¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.\" FIXME .
.\" Bug raised: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6814
.\" e.g., expm1(1e5) through expm1(1.00199970127e5),
.\" but not expm1(1.00199970128e5) and beyond.
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR exp (3),
.BR log (3),
.BR log1p (3)