[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / draft / man3 / memchr.3

.\" Copyright 1993 David Metcalfe (david@prism.demon.co.uk)
.\" and Copyright (c) 2008 Linux Foundation, written by Michael Kerrisk
.\"     <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 HIROFUMI Nishizuka
.\"     all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1997-12-16, HIROFUMI Nishizuka <nishi@rpts.cl.nec.co.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2002-03-24, Yuichi SATO <ysato@h4.dion.ne.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2003-11-27, Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\" Updated 2008-08-11, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" Modified Mon Apr 12 12:49:57 1993, David Metcalfe
.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 18:56:22 1993, Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Wed Feb 20 21:09:36 2002, Ian Redfern (redferni@logica.com)
.\" 2008-07-09, mtk, add rawmemchr()
.\"
.TH MEMCHR 3  2009-12-04 "" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O memchr, memrchr, rawmemchr \- scan memory for a character
memchr, memrchr, rawmemchr \- ʸ»ú¤òõ¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¥á¥â¥ê¤ò¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤¹¤ë
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.nf
.B #include <string.h>

.BI "void *memchr(const void *" s ", int " c ", size_t " n );

.BI "void *memrchr(const void *" s ", int " c ", size_t " n );

.BI "void *rawmemchr(const void *" s ", int " c );
.fi
.sp
.in -4n
.\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
»²¾È):
.in
.sp
.BR memrchr ():
.BR rawmemchr ():
_GNU_SOURCE
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O The
.\"O .BR memchr ()
.\"O function scans the first \fIn\fP bytes of the memory
.\"O area pointed to by \fIs\fP for the character \fIc\fP.
.\"O The first byte to
.\"O match \fIc\fP (interpreted as an unsigned character) stops the operation.
.BR memchr ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿ \fIs\fP ¤¬»Ø¤·¼¨¤¹¥á¥â¥ê¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î
ÀèƬ¤Î \fIn\fP ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤«¤éʸ»ú \fIc\fP ¤òõ¤¹¡£
ºÇ½é¤Ë \fIc\fP (unsigned char ¤È²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤ë) ¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿»þÅÀ¤ÇÆ°ºî¤¬Ää»ß¤¹¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR memrchr ()
.\"O function is like the
.\"O .BR memchr ()
.\"O function,
.\"O except that it searches backward from the end of the \fIn\fP bytes
.\"O pointed to by \fIs\fP instead of forward from the beginning.
.BR memrchr ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï
.BR memchr ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ë»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢
ÀèƬ¤«¤é½çÊý¸þ¤Ëõ¤¹¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢
¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿ \fIs\fP ¤¬»Ø¤·¼¨¤¹ \fIn\fP ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Î¥á¥â¥ê¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î
ËöÈø¤«¤éµÕ¸þ¤­¤Ëõ¤¹¡£

.\"O The
.\"O .BR rawmemchr ()
.\"O function is similar to
.\"O .BR memchr ():
.\"O it assumes (i.e., the programmer knows for certain)
.\"O that the character
.\"O .I c
.\"O lies somewhere in the string
.\"O .IR s ,
.\"O and so performs an optimized search
.\"O for the character
.\"O .IR c
.\"O (i.e., no checking for the terminating null byte, or use of an argument,
.\"O .IR n ,
.\"O to limit the range of the search).
.BR rawmemchr ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï
.BR memchr ()
¤ÈƱÍͤÀ¤¬¡¢
ʸ»ú
.I c
¤¬Ê¸»úÎó
.I s
Æâ¤Î¤É¤³¤«¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤òÁ°Äó¤Ë¤·¤Æ
(¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥Þ¤Ï¤½¤Î¤³¤È¤òÃΤäƤ¤¤ë)¡¢
ºÇŬ²½¤·¤¿ÊýË¡¤Çʸ»ú
.I c
¤Î¸¡º÷¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë
(¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢½ªÃ¼¤Î NULL ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤â¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤·¡¢
¸¡º÷ÈϰϤξå¸Â¤ò¼¨¤¹°ú¤­¿ô
.I n
¤â»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤)¡£
.\"O If the character
.\"O .I c
.\"O is not in the string
.\"O .IR s ,
.\"O then
.\"O .BR rawmemchr ()
.\"O may proceed to search beyond the end of the string,
.\"O and the result is unspecified.
ʸ»ú
.I c
¤¬Ê¸»úÎó
.I s
Æâ¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
.BR rawmemchr ()
¤Ïʸ»úÎóËöÈø¤ò±Û¤¨¤Æ¸¡º÷¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤º¡¢·ë²Ì¤ÏÉÔÄê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O The folowing call is a fast means of locating a string's
.\"O terminating null byte:
¼¡¤Ë¼¨¤¹¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ï¡¢Ê¸»úÎó½ªÃ¼¤Î NULL ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤òÆÃÄꤹ¤ë
¹â®¤Ê¼êÃʤǤ¢¤ë¡£
.in +4n
.nf

char *p = rawmemchr(s,\ \(aq\\0\(aq);
.fi
.in
.\"O .SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O The
.\"O .BR memchr ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR memrchr ()
.\"O functions return a pointer
.\"O to the matching byte or NULL if the character does not occur in
.\"O the given memory area.
.BR memchr ()
´Ø¿ô¤È
.BR memrchr ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï°ìÃפ¹¤ëʸ»ú¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤òÊÖ¤·¡¢
¤â¤·Ê¸»ú¤¬»ØÄê¥á¥â¥êÎΰè¤Ë¸½¤ì¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï NULL ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£

.\"O The
.\"O .BR rawmemchr ()
.\"O function returns a pointer to the matching byte, if one is found.
.\"O If no matching byte is found, the result is unspecified.
.BR rawmemchr ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¥Ð¥¤¥È¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤¿¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¥Ð¥¤¥È¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢·ë²Ì¤ÏÉÔÄê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH VERSIONS
.SH ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó
.\"O .BR rawmemchr ()
.\"O first appeared in glibc in version 2.1.
.BR rawmemchr ()
¤Ï glibc ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.1 ¤Ç½é¤á¤ÆÅо줷¤¿¡£

.\"O .BR memrchr ()
.\"O first appeared in glibc in version 2.2.
.BR memrchr ()
¤Ï glibc ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.2 ¤Ç½é¤á¤ÆÅо줷¤¿¡£
.\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH ½àµò
.\"O The
.\"O .BR memchr ()
.\"O function conforms to SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001.
.BR memchr ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ë½àµò¤¹¤ë¡£

.\"O The
.\"O .BR memrchr ()
.\"O function is a GNU extension, available since glibc 2.1.91.
.BR memrchr ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï GNU ³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢glibc 2.1.91 ¤«¤é»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

.\"O The
.\"O .BR rawmemchr ()
.\"O function is a GNU extension, available since glibc 2.1.
.BR rawmemchr ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï GNU ³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢glibc 2.1 ¤«¤é»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR ffs (3),
.BR index (3),
.BR rindex (3),
.BR strchr (3),
.BR strpbrk (3),
.BR strrchr (3),
.BR strsep (3),
.BR strspn (3),
.BR strstr (3),
.BR wmemchr (3)