1 .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
3 .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
4 .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
5 .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
6 .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8 .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
9 .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
10 .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
11 .\" intermediate and printed output.
13 .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 .\" GNU General Public License for more details.
18 .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
19 .\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
20 .\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
24 .\" Earlier versions of this page influenced the present text.
25 .\" It was derived from a Berkeley page with version
26 .\" @(#)printf.3 6.14 (Berkeley) 7/30/91
27 .\" converted for Linux by faith@cs.unc.edu, updated by
28 .\" Helmut.Geyer@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de, agulbra@troll.no and Bruno Haible.
30 .\" 1999-11-25 aeb - Rewritten, using SUSv2 and C99.
31 .\" 2000-07-26 jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk - three small fixes
32 .\" 2000-10-16 jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk - more fixes
34 .\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 YOSHINO Takashi all rights reserved.
35 .\" Translated 1998-02-17, YOSHINO Takashi <yoshino@civil.jcn.nihon-u.ac.jp>
36 .\" Updated 2000-10-02, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
37 .\" Updated 2001-01-29, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
38 .\" Updated 2002-01-03, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
39 .\" Updated 2002-10-17, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
40 .\" Updated 2005-03-15, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
41 .\" Updated 2006-07-20, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
42 .\" Updated 2008-02-10, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.77
43 .\" Updated 2009-03-03, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v3.19
45 .\" WORD: conversion specifier ÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò
46 .\" WORD: length modifier Ťµ½¤¾þ»Ò
48 .TH PRINTF 3 2010-09-20 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
51 .\"O printf, fprintf, sprintf, snprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf,
52 .\"O vsnprintf \- formatted output conversion
53 printf, fprintf, sprintf, snprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf,
54 vsnprintf \- »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿½ñ¼°¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Æ½ÐÎϤò¹Ô¤¦
59 .BI "int printf(const char *" format ", ...);"
61 .BI "int fprintf(FILE *" stream ", const char *" format ", ...);"
63 .BI "int sprintf(char *" str ", const char *" format ", ...);"
65 .BI "int snprintf(char *" str ", size_t " size ", const char *" format ", ...);"
67 .B #include <stdarg.h>
69 .BI "int vprintf(const char *" format ", va_list " ap );
71 .BI "int vfprintf(FILE *" stream ", const char *" format ", va_list " ap );
73 .BI "int vsprintf(char *" str ", const char *" format ", va_list " ap );
75 .BI "int vsnprintf(char *" str ", size_t " size ", const char *" format \
79 .\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
80 .\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
81 glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
82 .RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
90 _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 || _ISOC99_SOURCE ||
91 _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L;
99 .\"O The functions in the
101 .\"O family produce output according to a
103 .\"O as described below.
105 ´Ø¿ô¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Ç½Ò¤Ù¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢
107 ¤Ë½¾¤Ã¤Æ½ÐÎϤòÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
114 .\"O the standard output stream;
118 .\"O write output to the given output
121 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
124 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
125 .\"O write to the character string
132 (ɸ½à½ÐÎÏ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à) ¤Ë½ñ¤½Ð¤¹¡£
136 ¤Ï½ÐÎϤò»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿½ÐÎÏ
150 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
153 .\"O bytes (including the trailing null byte (\(aq\e0\(aq)) to
164 ¤Ë¤Ïʸ»úÎó¤ò½ªÃ¼¤¹¤ë \(aq\e0\(aq ¤â¤ò´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë)¡£
168 .\"O .BR vfprintf (),
169 .\"O .BR vsprintf (),
170 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
171 .\"O are equivalent to the functions
175 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
176 .\"O respectively, except that they are called with a
178 .\"O instead of a variable number of arguments.
179 .\"O These functions do not call the
182 .\"O Because they invoke the
184 .\"O macro, the value of
186 .\"O is undefined after the call.
198 ¤Î³Æ´Ø¿ô¤ÈÅù²Á¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢²ÄÊÑ¿ô°ú¤¿ô¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë
200 ¤ò°ú¤¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ëÅÀ¤À¤±¤¬°Û¤Ê¤ë¡£
203 ¥Þ¥¯¥í¤Ï¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
206 ¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¤Î¤Ç¡¢¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸å¤Î
212 .\"O These eight functions write the output under the control of a
214 .\"O string that specifies how subsequent arguments (or arguments accessed via
215 .\"O the variable-length argument facilities of
217 .\"O are converted for output.
218 ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î 8 ¤Ä¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï
220 ʸ»úÎó¤ÎÀ©¸æ¤Ë½¾¤Ã¤Æ½ÐÎϤò½ñ¤½Ð¤¹¡£
222 ʸ»úÎó¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë³¤¯°ú¤¿ô (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
224 ¤Î²ÄÊÑĹ°ú¤¿ôµ¡¹½¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤¤ë°ú¤¿ô)
225 ¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Æ½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¤«¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
227 .\"O C99 and POSIX.1-2001 specify that the results are undefined if a call to
229 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
230 .\"O .BR vsprintf (),
232 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
233 .\"O would cause copying to take place between objects that overlap
234 .\"O (e.g., if the target string array and one of the supplied input arguments
235 .\"O refer to the same buffer).
237 C99 ¤È POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
242 ¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ç¡¢ÈϰϤ¬½ÅÊ£¤¹¤ë¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È´Ö¤Ç¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Î
243 ·ë²Ì¤ÏÉÔÄê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Èµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë (Î㤨¤Ð¡¢½ÐÎÏÀè¤Îʸ»úÎó¤ÈÆþÎϤµ¤ì¤¿
244 °ú¤¿ô¤Î°ì¤Ä¤¬Æ±¤¸¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
246 .\"O .SS "Return value"
248 .\"O Upon successful return, these functions return the number of characters
249 .\"O printed (not including the
250 .\"O trailing \(aq\e0\(aq used to end output to strings).
251 À®¸ù»þ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¾åµ¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï½ñ¤¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿Ê¸»ú¿ô¤òÊÖ¤¹
252 (ʸ»úÎó¤ÎºÇ¸å¤ò¼¨¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë \(aq\e0\(aq ¤Ï¿ô¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Ê¤¤)¡£
257 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
258 .\"O do not write more than
260 .\"O bytes (including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq).
261 .\"O If the output was truncated due to this limit then the return value
262 .\"O is the number of characters (not including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq)
263 .\"O which would have been written to the final string if enough space
264 .\"O had been available.
265 .\"O Thus, a return value of
267 .\"O or more means that the output was truncated.
268 .\"O (See also below under NOTES.)
274 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò±Û¤¨¤ëʸ»ú¿ô¤ò½ñ¤¹þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¤
276 ¤Ë¤Ïʸ»úÎó¤ò½ªÃ¼¤¹¤ë \(aq\e0\(aq ¤â¤ò´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë)¡£
277 ¤³¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½ÐÎϤ¬ÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
278 ¤â¤·½½Ê¬¤Ê¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð½ñ¤¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦Ê¸»ú¤Î¸Ä¿ô
279 (ʸ»úÎó¤ò½ªÃ¼¤¹¤ë \(aq\e0\(aq ¤ò½ü¤¯) ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
282 °Ê¾å¤À¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢½ÐÎϤ¬ÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë
283 (¸å½Ò¤ÎÃí°Õ¤â»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È)¡£
285 .\"O If an output error is encountered, a negative value is returned.
286 ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢Éé¤Î¿ô¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
287 .\"O .SS "Format of the format string"
288 .SS ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥Èʸ»úÎó¤Î¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È
289 .\"O The format string is a character string, beginning and ending
290 .\"O in its initial shift state, if any.
291 ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥Èʸ»úÎó¤Ïʸ»ú¤ÎÎó¤Ç¡¢
292 (¤â¤·¤¢¤ë¤Ê¤é) ½é´ü¥·¥Õ¥È¾õÂ֤ǻϤޤꡢ½é´ü¥·¥Õ¥È¾õÂ֤ǽª¤ï¤ë¡£
293 .\"O The format string is composed of zero or more directives: ordinary
296 .\"O which are copied unchanged to the output stream;
297 .\"O and conversion specifications, each of which results in fetching zero or
298 .\"O more subsequent arguments.
299 ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥ÈÍѤÎʸ»úÎó¤Ï 0 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤ÎÌ¿Îá (directives) ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
300 Ì¿Îá¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Ä̾ïʸ»ú¤ÈÊÑ´¹»ØÄê (conversion specifications) ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
303 °Ê³°¤Îʸ»ú¤Ç¡¢½ÐÎÏ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ë¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¥³¥Ô¡¼¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
304 ÊÑ´¹»ØÄê¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤¬ 0 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤ò¼è¤ë¡£
305 .\"O Each conversion specification is introduced by
309 .\"O .IR "conversion specifier" .
313 .I "ÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò (conversion specifier)"
315 .\"O In between there may be (in this order) zero or more
317 .\"O an optional minimum
318 .\"O .IR "field width" ,
322 .\"O .IR "length modifier" .
324 ¤ÈÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò¤Î´Ö¤Ë¤Ï¡¢0 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î
330 ¤ò (¤³¤Î½ç½ø¤Ç) ÃÖ¤¯¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
332 .\"O The arguments must correspond properly (after type promotion) with the
333 .\"O conversion specifier.
334 .\"O By default, the arguments are used in the order
335 .\"O given, where each \(aq*\(aq and each conversion specifier asks for the next
336 .\"O argument (and it is an error if insufficiently many arguments are given).
337 °ú¤¿ô¤Ï (·¿¤Î³Ê¾å¤²¤Î¸å¤Ï) ÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò¤¬É½¤¹·¿¤ÈÀµ³Î¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
338 ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢\(aq*\(aq ¤äÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ëËè¤Ë¼¡¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤òÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¡¢
339 °ú¤¿ô¤Ï»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿½ç½ø¤Ç»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¯
340 (»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿°ú¤¿ô¤Î¸Ä¿ô¤¬ÉÔ½½Ê¬¤Ê¤é¥¨¥é¡¼¤È¤Ê¤ë)¡£
341 .\"O One can also specify explicitly which argument is taken,
342 .\"O at each place where an argument is required, by writing "%m$" instead
343 .\"O of \(aq%\(aq and "*m$" instead of \(aq*\(aq,
344 .\"O where the decimal integer m denotes
345 .\"O the position in the argument list of the desired argument, indexed starting
351 .\"O printf("%*d", width, num);
359 .\"O printf("%2$*1$d", width, num);
363 ¤Þ¤¿¡¢°ú¤¿ô¤¬É¬Íפʲսê¤Ç \(aq%\(aq ¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë "%m$"¡¢
364 \(aq*\(aq¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë "*m$" ¤È½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢
365 ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ë¤É¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤«¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
366 ¤³¤³¤Ç 10¿Ê¤ÎÀ°¿ô m ¤Ï´õ˾¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤Î°ú¤¿ô¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤ò¼¨¤¹
367 (ºÇ½é¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤ÎÈֹ椬 1 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
368 ½¾¤Ã¤Æ¡¢°Ê²¼¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤ÏÅù²Á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
372 printf("%*d", width, num);
374 printf("%2$*1$d", width, num);
380 .\"O The second style allows repeated references to the
382 .\"O The C99 standard does not include the style using \(aq$\(aq,
383 .\"O which comes from the Single UNIX Specification.
384 .\"O If the style using
385 .\"O \(aq$\(aq is used, it must be used throughout for all conversions taking an
386 .\"O argument and all width and precision arguments, but it may be mixed
387 .\"O with "%%" formats which do not consume an argument.
389 .\"O gaps in the numbers of arguments specified using \(aq$\(aq; for example, if
390 .\"O arguments 1 and 3 are specified, argument 2 must also be specified
391 .\"O somewhere in the format string.
392 ÆóÈÖÌܤνñ¤Êý¤Ç¤ÏƱ¤¸°ú¤¿ô¤ò·«¤êÊÖ¤·»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
393 C99 ɸ½à¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ Single UNIX Specification ͳÍè¤Î \(aq$\(aq ¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿½ñ¤Êý¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
394 \(aq$\(aq ¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¤È¡¢°ú¤¿ô¤ò¼è¤ëÊÑ´¹µÚ¤ÓÉý¤ÈÀºÅ٤ΰú¤¿ô¤ò
395 Á´¤Æ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢
396 °ú¤¿ô¤ò¾ÃÈñ¤·¤Ê¤¤ "%%" ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Èº®¤¶¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
397 \(aq$\(aq ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤ÎÈÖ¹æ¤Ë¶õ¤¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
398 Î㤨¤Ð¡¢¤â¤·°ú¤¿ô 1 ¤È 3 ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢°ú¤¿ô 2 ¤â¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥Èʸ»úÎó¤Î¤É¤³¤«¤Ç
399 »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
401 .\"O For some numeric conversion a radix character ("decimal point") or
402 .\"O thousands' grouping character is used.
403 .\"O The actual character used
406 .\"O part of the locale.
407 .\"O The POSIX locale
408 .\"O uses \(aq.\(aq as radix character, and does not have a grouping character.
409 ¿ôÃÍÊÑ´¹¤Ë¤Ï¾®¿ôÅÀ¤ä 1000 ñ°Ì¤Î¶èÀÚ¤êʸ»ú¤ò»È¤¦¤â¤Î¤â¤¢¤ë¡£
410 ¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤É¤Îʸ»ú¤ò»È¤¦¤«¤Ï¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Î
413 POSIX ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤Ï¾®¿ôÅÀ¤Ë \(aq.\(aq ¤òÍѤ¤¡¢
414 ¶èÀÚ¤êʸ»ú¤Ï»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
420 printf("%\(aq.2f", 1234567.89);
424 .\"O results in "1234567.89" in the POSIX locale, in "1234567,89" in the
425 .\"O nl_NL locale, and in "1.234.567,89" in the da_DK locale.
426 ¤Ï¡¢ POSIX ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤Ï "1234567.89" ¡¢ nl_NL ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤Ï "1234567,89"¡¢
427 da_DK ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤Ï "1.234.567,89" ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
428 .\"O .SS "The flag characters"
430 .\"O The character % is followed by zero or more of the following flags:
431 % ʸ»ú¤Î¸å¤í¤Ë¤Ï 0 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°Ê¸»ú¤¬Â³¤¯¡£
434 .\"O The value should be converted to an "alternate form".
436 ÃͤϡÖÊ̤ηÁ¼°¡×¤ËÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
439 .\"O conversions, the first character of the output string is made zero
440 .\"O (by prefixing a 0 if it was not zero already).
442 ÊÑ´¹¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢(ÀèƬʸ»ú¤¬ 0 ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤ËÀèƬ¤Ë 0 ¤òÄɲ乤뤳¤È¤Ç)
443 ½ÐÎÏʸ»úÎó¤ÎºÇ½é¤Îʸ»ú¤ò 0 ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
448 .\"O conversions, a nonzero result has the string "0x" (or "0X" for
450 .\"O conversions) prepended to it.
454 ÊÑ´¹¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¿ôÃͤ¬ 0 ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤Ë¤Ïʸ»úÎó "0x"
456 ÊÑ´¹¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï "0X") ¤¬Á°¤ËÉÕÍ¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
467 .\"O conversions, the result will always contain a decimal point, even if no
468 .\"O digits follow it (normally, a decimal point appears in the results of those
469 .\"O conversions only if a digit follows).
479 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤Ë³¤¯¿ô»ú¤¬¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¡¢
480 ½ÐÎϤˤϾï¤Ë¾®¿ôÅÀ¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë
481 (Ä̾ï¤Ï¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ¤Î¸å¤Ë¿ô»ú¤¬Â³¤¯¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Î¤ß¡¢
482 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë)¡£
486 .\"O conversions, trailing zeros are not removed from the result as they would
491 ÊÑ´¹¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢Â¾¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ê¡¢ËöÈø¤Î¥¼¥í¤¬ÊÑ´¹·ë²Ì¤«¤éºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
492 .\"O For other conversions, the result is undefined.
493 ¤½¤Î¾¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢·ë²Ì¤Ï̤ÄêµÁ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
496 .\"O The value should be zero padded.
513 .\"O conversions, the converted value is padded on the left with zeros rather
530 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÊÑ´¹¤·¤¿Ãͤκ¸Â¦¤ò¶õÇòʸ»ú¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë¥¼¥í¤ÇËä¤á¤ë¡£
535 .\"O flags both appear, the
537 .\"O flag is ignored.
541 ¤¬Î¾Êý¤È¤â»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
544 .\"O If a precision is given with a numeric conversion
554 .\"O flag is ignored.
562 ¤ÈƱ»þ¤Ë»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
565 .\"O For other conversions, the behavior is undefined.
566 ¤½¤Î¾¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Æ°ºî¤Ï̤ÄêµÁ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
569 .\"O The converted value is to be left adjusted on the field boundary.
570 .\"O (The default is right justification.)
573 .\"O conversions, the converted value is padded on the right with blanks, rather
574 .\"O than on the left with blanks or zeros.
576 ÊÑ´¹Ãͤò¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¶³¦¤Çº¸Â·¤¨¤Ë¤¹¤ë
577 (¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï±¦Â·¤¨¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
579 ÊÑ´¹°Ê³°¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤¿ÃͤÏ
580 º¸Â¦¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯±¦Â¦¤ò¶õÇòʸ»ú¤ä¥¼¥í¤ÇËä¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
584 .\"O if both are given.
588 ¤ÎξÊý¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
594 .\"O (a space) A blank should be left before a positive number
595 .\"O (or empty string) produced by a signed conversion.
597 Éä¹æÉÕ¤ÊÑ´¹¤ÇÀ¸À®¤µ¤ì¤¿Àµ¤Î¿ô»ú¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¶õÇò (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¶õʸ»úÎó) ¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤ë¡£
600 .\"O A sign (+ or \-) should always be placed before a number produced by a signed
602 .\"O By default a sign is used only for negative numbers.
605 .\"O overrides a space if both are used.
607 Éä¹æÉÕ¤ÊÑ´¹¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¿ô»ú¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¡¢¾ï¤ËÉä¹æ (+ ¤« \-) ¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤ë¡£
608 ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Éä¹æ¤ÏÉé¤Î¿ô»ú¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Î¤ßÉÕÍ¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
611 ξÊý¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
615 .\"O The five flag characters above are defined in the C standard.
616 .\"O The SUSv2 specifies one further flag character.
617 ¾åµ¤Î 5 ¤Ä¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï C ɸ½à¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
618 SUSv2 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¥Õ¥é¥°Ê¸»ú¤¬µ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
621 .\"O For decimal conversion
629 .\"O the output is to be grouped with thousands' grouping characters
630 .\"O if the locale information indicates any.
631 .\"O Note that many versions of
633 .\"O cannot parse this option and will issue a warning.
644 ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¾ðÊó¤Ë»ØÄ꤬¤¢¤ì¤Ð 1000 ñ°Ì¤Î¶èÀÚ¤êʸ»ú¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
646 ¤Î¿¤¯¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò²ò¼á¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤º¡¢
647 ·Ù¹ð¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤»¤è¡£
648 %\(aqF ¤Ï SUSv2 ¤Ë¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
650 .\"O glibc 2.2 adds one further flag character.
651 glibc 2.2 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë°ì¤Ä¥Õ¥é¥°Ê¸»ú¤¬Äɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
654 .\"O For decimal integer conversion
658 .\"O the output uses the locale's alternative output digits, if any.
659 .\"O For example, since glibc 2.2.3 this will give Arabic-Indic digits
660 .\"O in the Persian ("fa_IR") locale.
661 .\"O .\" outdigits keyword in locale file
666 ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤ÎÂåÂؽÐÎÏ¿ô»ú¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
667 Î㤨¤Ð¡¢ glibc 2.2.3 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Ú¥ë¥·¥¢ ("fa_IR") ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ç
668 ¥¢¥é¥Ó¥¢¿ô»ú (Arabic-Indic digits) ¤ò½ÐÎϤǤ¤ë¡£
669 .\" ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ï outdigits ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
670 .\"O .SS "The field width"
672 .\"O An optional decimal digit string (with nonzero first digit) specifying
673 .\"O a minimum field width.
674 .\"O If the converted value has fewer characters
675 .\"O than the field width, it will be padded with spaces on the left
676 .\"O (or right, if the left-adjustment flag has been given).
677 ºÇ¾®¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë 10¿Ê¿ô¤Î¿ôÃÍʸ»úÎó (ʸ»úÎó¤ÎºÇ½é¤Îʸ»ú¤Ï
678 ¥¼¥í°Ê³°)¡£ËܹàÌܤϥª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
679 ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤¿ÃͤÎʸ»ú¿ô¤¬¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉŤè¤ê¤â¾¯¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
680 ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Îº¸Â¦¤ò¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤ÇËä¤á¤ë
681 (º¸Â·¤¨¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï±¦Â¦¤òËä¤á¤ë)¡£
682 .\"O Instead of a decimal digit string one may write "*" or "*m$"
683 .\"O (for some decimal integer \fIm\fP) to specify that the field width
684 .\"O is given in the next argument, or in the \fIm\fP-th argument, respectively,
685 .\"O which must be of type
687 10¿Ê¿ô¤Îʸ»úÎó¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë "*" ¤ä "*m$" (\fIm\fP ¤Ï 10¿ÊÀ°¿ô) ¤ò½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
688 "*" ¤È "*m$" ¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¡¢¼¡¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤È \fIm\fP ÈÖÌܤΰú¤¿ô¤ò¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤È¤·¤Æ
689 »È¤¦¤³¤È¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë (¤³¤ì¤é¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤Ï
691 ·¿¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤)¡£
692 .\"O A negative field width is taken as a \(aq\-\(aq flag followed by a
693 .\"O positive field width.
694 ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤ËÉé¤Î¿ô¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
695 \(aq\-\(aq ¥Õ¥é¥°¤ÈÀµ¤Î¿ô¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
696 .\"O In no case does a nonexistent or small field width cause truncation of a
697 .\"O field; if the result of a conversion is wider than the field width, the
698 .\"O field is expanded to contain the conversion result.
699 ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤¬¾®¤µ¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê»ØÄ꤬¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬ÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤ë
700 ¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¤â¤·ÊÑ´¹·ë²Ì¤¬¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤è¤ê¤â¹¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
701 ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ÏÊÑ´¹·ë²Ì¤¬Æþ¤ëÉý¤Ë¹¤²¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
702 .\"O .SS "The precision"
704 .\"O An optional precision, in the form of a period (\(aq.\(aq) followed by an
705 .\"O optional decimal digit string.
706 ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ëÀºÅ٤ϡ¢¥Ô¥ê¥ª¥É (\(aq.\(aq) ¤È¤½¤ì¤Ë³¤¯10¿Ê¿ô¤È¤¤¤¦
707 ·Á¼°¤Ç»ØÄꤹ¤ë (10¿Ê¿ô¤Ï¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó) ¡£
708 .\"O Instead of a decimal digit string one may write "*" or "*m$"
709 .\"O (for some decimal integer m) to specify that the precision
710 .\"O is given in the next argument, or in the m-th argument, respectively,
711 .\"O which must be of type
713 10¿Ê¿ô¤Îʸ»úÎó¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë "*" ¤ä "*m$" (m ¤Ï 10 ¿ÊÀ°¿ô)¤ò½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
714 "*" ¤È "*m$" ¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¡¢¼¡¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤È m ÈÖÌܤΰú¤¿ô¤òÀºÅ٤Ȥ·¤Æ
715 »È¤¦¤³¤È¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë (¤³¤ì¤é¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤Ï
717 ·¿¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤)¡£
718 .\"O If the precision is given as just \(aq.\(aq, or the precision is negative,
719 .\"O the precision is taken to be zero.
720 ÀºÅ٤Ȥ·¤Æ \(aq.\(aq ¤À¤±¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¤ê¡¢ÀºÅÙ¤¬Éé¤Î¿ô¤À¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
721 ÀºÅ٤ϥ¼¥í¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
722 .\"O This gives the minimum number of digits to appear for
730 .\"O conversions, the number of digits to appear after the radix character for
738 .\"O conversions, the maximum number of significant digits for
742 .\"O conversions, or the maximum number of characters to be printed from a
754 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ëºÇ¾®¤Î·å¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
761 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ°Ê²¼¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¿ô»ú¤Î·å¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
765 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Í¸ú¿ô»ú¤ÎºÇÂç·å¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
769 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ê¸»úÎ󤫤é½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ëºÇÂçʸ»ú¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
770 .\"O .SS "The length modifier"
772 .\"O Here, "integer conversion" stands for
791 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to a
794 .\"O .I unsigned char
795 .\"O argument, or a following
797 .\"O conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
800 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
806 ÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
808 ¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£
811 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to a
814 .\"O .I unsigned short int
815 .\"O argument, or a following
817 .\"O conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
820 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
823 .I unsigned short int
826 ÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
828 ¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£
831 .\"O (ell) A following integer conversion corresponds to a
834 .\"O .I unsigned long int
835 .\"O argument, or a following
837 .\"O conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
838 .\"O .I long long int
839 .\"O argument, or a following
841 .\"O conversion corresponds to a
843 .\"O argument, or a following
845 .\"O conversion corresponds to a pointer to
849 ³ÆÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬¡¢
852 .IR "unsigned long int" ¡¢
863 ¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£
868 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to a
869 .\"O .I long long int
871 .\"O .I unsigned long long int
872 .\"O argument, or a following
874 .\"O conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
878 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
881 .I unsigned long long int
884 ÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
886 ¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£
899 .\"O conversion corresponds to a
910 ÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
913 .\"O (C99 allows %LF, but SUSv2 does not.)
914 (C99 ¤Ç¤Ï %LF ¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤òǧ¤á¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢SUSv2 ¤Ç¤Ïǧ¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£)
917 .\"O ("quad". 4.4BSD and Linux libc5 only.
919 .\"O This is a synonym for
921 ("quad"¡£ 4.4BSD ¤È Linux libc5 ¤Î¤ß͸ú¡£»È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£)
926 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to an
931 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
938 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to a
943 .\"O (Linux libc5 has
945 .\"O with this meaning.
947 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
952 (Linux libc5 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤Î¤Ë
954 ¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£»È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£)
957 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to a
960 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
964 .\"O The SUSv2 only knows about the length modifiers
992 SUSv2 ¤ÇŤµ½¤¾þ»Ò¤È¤·¤Æ»ÈÍѤǤ¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢
1016 .\"O .SS "The conversion specifier"
1018 .\"O A character that specifies the type of conversion to be applied.
1019 ŬÍѤµ¤ì¤ëÊÑ´¹¤Î·¿¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ëʸ»ú¡£
1021 .\"O The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:
1022 ÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò¤È¤½¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1027 .\"O argument is converted to signed decimal notation.
1029 °ú¤¿ô¤òÉä¹æÉÕ¤ 10 ¿Êɽµ¤ËÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë¡£
1030 .\"O The precision, if any, gives the minimum number of digits
1031 .\"O that must appear; if the converted value requires fewer digits, it is
1032 .\"O padded on the left with zeros.
1033 .\"O The default precision is 1.
1034 ÀºÅÙ»ØÄ꤬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ÀºÅ٤ǻØÄꤷ¤¿·å¿ô¤Ïɬ¤º½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¡£ÊÑ´¹¸å¤ÎÃͤ¬
1035 »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿·å¿ô¤Ë¤ê¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢º¸Â¦¤¬ 0 ¤ÇËä¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
1036 ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÀºÅÙ¤Ï 1 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1037 .\"O When 0 is printed with an explicit precision 0, the output is empty.
1038 0 ¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿»þ¤Ë¡¢ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤ËÀºÅ٤Ȥ·¤Æ 0 ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢
1039 ½ÐÎϤ϶õʸ»úÎó¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
1041 .BR o ", " u ", " x ", " X
1043 .\"O .I "unsigned int"
1044 .\"O argument is converted to unsigned octal
1046 .\"O unsigned decimal
1048 .\"O or unsigned hexadecimal
1068 .\"O conversions; the letters
1081 .\"O The precision, if any, gives the minimum number of digits
1082 .\"O that must appear; if the converted value requires fewer digits, it is
1083 .\"O padded on the left with zeros.
1084 ÀºÅÙ»ØÄ꤬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ÀºÅ٤ǻØÄꤷ¤¿·å¿ô¤Ïɬ¤º½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¡£ÊÑ´¹¸å¤ÎÃͤ¬
1085 »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿·å¿ô¤Ë¤ê¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢º¸Â¦¤¬ 0 ¤ÇËä¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
1090 .\"O argument is rounded and converted in the style
1091 .\"O .if \w'\*(Pm'=0 .ds Pm \(+-
1092 .\"O .RB [\-]d \&. ddd e \\*(Pmdd
1093 .\"O where there is one digit before the decimal-point character and the number
1094 .\"O of digits after it is equal to the precision; if the precision is missing,
1095 .\"O it is taken as 6; if the precision is zero, no decimal-point character
1100 .if \w'\*(Pm'=0 .ds Pm \(+-
1101 .RB [\-]d \&. ddd e \\*(Pmdd
1103 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¤Ï°ì·å¤Î¿ô»ú¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ°Ê²¼¤Î·å¿ô¤ÏÀºÅ٤ǻØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿
1104 ·å¿ô¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£ÀºÅ٤ϻØÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç 6 ¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1105 ÀºÅÙ¤¬ 0 ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ°Ê²¼¤Ïɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1107 .\"O conversion uses the letter
1111 .\"O to introduce the exponent.
1113 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢»Ø¿ô¤òɽ¸½¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ë
1118 .\"O The exponent always contains at least two
1119 .\"O digits; if the value is zero, the exponent is 00.
1120 »Ø¿ôÉôʬ¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â 2·åɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1121 ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢»Ø¿ô¤ÎÃͤ¬ 0 ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢00 ¤Èɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1126 .\"O argument is rounded and converted to decimal notation in the style
1127 .\"O .RB [\-]ddd \&. ddd,
1128 .\"O where the number of digits after the decimal-point character is equal to
1129 .\"O the precision specification.
1133 ¤Î·Á¤Î10¿Êɽ¸½¤ËÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë¡£
1134 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤Î¸å¤Î·å¿ô¤Ï¡¢ÀºÅ٤ǻØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÃͤȤʤ롣
1135 .\"O If the precision is missing, it is taken as
1136 .\"O 6; if the precision is explicitly zero, no decimal-point character appears.
1137 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï 6 ¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
1138 ÀºÅ٤Ȥ·¤ÆÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ë 0 ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¤È¤¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ°Ê²¼¤Ïɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1139 .\"O If a decimal point appears, at least one digit appears before it.
1140 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ëºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì·å¤Ï¿ô»ú¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1142 .\"O (The SUSv2 does not know about
1144 .\"O and says that character string representations for infinity and NaN
1145 .\"O may be made available.
1146 .\"O The C99 standard specifies "[\-]inf" or "[\-]infinity"
1147 .\"O for infinity, and a string starting with "nan" for NaN, in the case of
1149 .\"O conversion, and "[\-]INF" or "[\-]INFINITY" or "NAN*" in the case of
1154 ¤Ïµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤é¤º¡¢Ìµ¸Â¤ä NaN ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëʸ»úÎóɽ¸½¤ò
1155 ¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1158 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ìµ¸Â¤Ï "[\-]inf" ¤« "[\-]infinity" ¤Èɽ¼¨¤·¡¢
1159 NaN ¤Ïʸ»úÎó¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ë `nan' ¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ëµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1161 ÊÑ´¹¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï "[\-]INF", "[\-]INFINITY", "NAN*" ¤Èɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£)
1166 .\"O argument is converted in style
1188 .\"O The precision specifies the number of significant digits.
1189 ÀºÅÙ¤Ïɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë·å¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
1190 .\"O If the precision is missing, 6 digits are given; if the precision is zero,
1191 .\"O it is treated as 1.
1192 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢6·å¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1193 ÀºÅÙ¤¬ 0 ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢1·å¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1196 .\"O is used if the exponent from its conversion is less than \-4 or greater
1197 .\"O than or equal to the precision.
1198 ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ëÃͤλؿô¤¬¡¢ \-4 ¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤¤¤«¡¢ÀºÅٰʾå¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢
1201 .\"O Trailing zeros are removed from the
1202 .\"O fractional part of the result; a decimal point appears only if it is
1203 .\"O followed by at least one digit.
1204 ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤Î¾®¿ôÉôʬ¤ÎËöÈø¤Î 0 ¤Ïºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¾®¿ôÅÀ¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢
1205 ¾®¿ôÅÀ°Ê²¼¤Ë¿ô»ú¤¬¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì¤Ä¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1208 .\"O (C99; not in SUSv2) For
1210 .\"O conversion, the
1212 .\"O argument is converted to hexadecimal notation (using the letters abcdef)
1214 .\"O .RB [\-] 0x h \&. hhhh p \\*(Pmd;
1217 .\"O conversion the prefix
1219 .\"O the letters ABCDEF, and the exponent separator
1222 (C99 ¤Ë¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤¬ SUSv2 ¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤¤)
1226 °ú¤¿ô¤ò (abcdef ¤Îʸ»ú¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ)
1227 .RB [\-] 0x h \&. hhhh p \\*(Pmd;
1228 ·Á¼°¤Î 16 ¿Êɽµ¤ËÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë¡£
1230 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Á°ÃÖʸ»úÎó
1232 ʸ»ú ABCDEF, »Ø¿ôʸ»ú
1235 .\"O There is one hexadecimal digit before the decimal point,
1236 .\"O and the number of digits after it is equal to the precision.
1237 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¤Ï 1·å¤Î16¿Ê¿ô¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ¤Î¸å¤í¤Î·å¿ô¤Ï
1238 ÀºÅ٤ǻØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÃͤȤʤ롣
1239 .\"O The default precision suffices for an exact representation of the value
1240 .\"O if an exact representation in base 2 exists
1241 .\"O and otherwise is sufficiently large to distinguish values of type
1243 ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÀºÅ٤ϡ¢¤½¤ÎÃͤ¬ 2¿Ê¿ô¤ÇÀµ³Î¤Ëɽ¸½¤Ç¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
1244 ¤½¤ÎÃͤòÀµ³Î¤Ëɽ¸½¤Ç¤¤ë·å¿ô¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
1246 ·¿¤ÎÃͤò¶èÊ̤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë½½Ê¬¤ÊÂ礤µ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
1247 .\"O The digit before the decimal point is unspecified for nonnormalized
1248 .\"O numbers, and nonzero but otherwise unspecified for normalized numbers.
1249 .\" motoki 2005/03/19: ¹ç¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤Ê¡©
1250 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤ÎÁ°¤Î¿ô»ú¤Ï¡¢Àµµ¬²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¿ô¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«Ê¬¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1251 Àµµ¬²½¤µ¤ì¤¿¿ô¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢ 0 °Ê³°¤ÎÃͤˤʤ뤬¡¢¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«¤Ïʬ¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1256 .\"O modifier is present, the
1258 .\"O argument is converted to an
1259 .\"O .IR "unsigned char" ,
1260 .\"O and the resulting character is written.
1266 ¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤Î·ë²Ì¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ëʸ»ú¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1269 .\"O modifier is present, the
1271 .\"O (wide character) argument is converted to a multibyte sequence by a call
1273 .\"O .BR wcrtomb (3)
1274 .\"O function, with a conversion state starting in the initial state, and the
1275 .\"O resulting multibyte string is written.
1279 (¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú) °ú¤¿ô¤ò¡¢
1281 ´Ø¿ô¤ò½é´ü¥·¥Õ¥È¾õÂ֤ǸƤӽФ·¤Æ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»úÎó¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¡¢
1282 ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»úÎó¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1287 .\"O modifier is present: The
1288 .\"O .I "const char *"
1289 .\"O argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of character type (pointer
1291 .\"O Characters from the array are written up to (but not
1292 .\"O including) a terminating null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq);
1293 .\"O if a precision is specified, no more than the number specified
1295 .\"O If a precision is given, no null byte need be present;
1296 .\"O if the precision is not specified, or is greater than the size of the
1297 .\"O array, the array must contain a terminating null byte.
1302 ·¿¤Çʸ»ú·¿¤ÎÇÛÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿ (ʸ»úÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿) ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬
1303 ´üÂÔ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ÇÛÎóÃæ¤Îʸ»ú¤Ï¡¢½ªÃ¼¤Î NULL ¥Ð¥¤¥È (\(aq\\0\(aq)
1304 ¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Þ¤Ç½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë (½ªÃ¼Ê¸»ú¤Ï½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤)¡£
1305 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿»ú¿ô°Ê¾å¤Ï½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1306 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢½ªÃ¼¥Ð¥¤¥È¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤʤ¤¡£
1307 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê¡¢ÀºÅÙ¤ÎÃͤ¬ÇÛÎó¤ÎÂ礤µ¤è¤êÂ礤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
1308 ÇÛÎó¤Ï½ªÃ¼¤Î NULL ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1312 .\"O modifier is present: The
1313 .\"O .I "const wchar_t *"
1314 .\"O argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of wide characters.
1316 ½¤¾þ»Ò¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
1318 .I "const wchar_t *"
1319 ·¿¤Ç¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤ÎÇÛÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬´üÂÔ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1320 .\"O Wide characters from the array are converted to multibyte characters
1321 .\"O (each by a call to the
1322 .\"O .BR wcrtomb (3)
1323 .\"O function, with a conversion state starting in the initial state before
1324 .\"O the first wide character), up to and including a terminating null
1325 .\"O wide character.
1326 .\"O The resulting multibyte characters are written up to
1327 .\"O (but not including) the terminating null byte.
1328 .\"O If a precision is
1329 .\"O specified, no more bytes than the number specified are written, but
1330 .\"O no partial multibyte characters are written.
1331 .\"O Note that the precision
1332 .\"O determines the number of
1334 .\"O written, not the number of
1335 .\"O .I wide characters
1337 .\"O .IR "screen positions" .
1338 ÇÛÎóÃæ¤Î¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤Ï (1ʸ»úËè¤Ë
1340 ¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Æ) ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»ú¤ËÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ë
1341 (ºÇ½é¤Î¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤ÎÁ°¤Ë
1343 ¤Î¥·¥Õ¥È¾õÂÖ¤ò½é´ü¾õÂÖ¤ËÌᤷ¤Æ¤«¤éÊÑ´¹¤Ï¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë)¡£
1344 ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»ú¤Ø¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤Ï¡¢Ê¸»úÎó¤ò½ªÃ¼¤¹¤ë NULL ¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤¬
1345 ½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¹Ô¤ï¤ì¡¢½ªÃ¼ NULL ¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤â´Þ¤á¤ÆÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1346 ·ë²Ì¤Î¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»úÎó¤Ï¡¢½ªÃ¼¤Î NULL ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Þ¤Ç
1347 ½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë (½ªÃ¼¤Î NULL ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ï½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤)¡£
1348 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ð¥¤¥È¿ô°Ê¾å¤Ë¤Ï½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1349 ⤷¡¢¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»ú¤Î°ìÉôʬ¤À¤±¤¬½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
1350 ÀºÅ٤ϡ֥Х¤¥È¡×¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¡Ö¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¡×¿ô¤ä
1351 ¡Ö²èÌ̤ǤΰÌÃ֡פò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¡£
1352 .\"O The array must contain a terminating null wide character, unless a
1353 .\"O precision is given and it is so small that the number of bytes written
1354 .\"O exceeds it before the end of the array is reached.
1355 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë½ÐÎϤ¬ÇÛÎó¤ÎËöÈø¤Ë㤹¤ëÁ°¤Ë½ÐÎϥХ¤¥È¿ô¤¬
1356 ÀºÅÙ¤ÎÃͤòĶ¤¨¤ë¾ì¹ç¤À¤±¤Ï¡¢ÇÛÎó¤Ï NULL ¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤Ç½ªÃ¼¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£
1357 ¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢É¬¤ºÇÛÎó¤Ï NULL ¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤Ç½ªÃ¼¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1360 .\"O (Not in C99, but in SUSv2.)
1364 (C99 ¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬ SUSv2 ¤Ë¤Ï¤¢¤ë)
1366 ¤ÈƱ¤¸¡£»È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1369 .\"O (Not in C99, but in SUSv2.)
1373 (C99 ¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬ SUSv2 ¤Ë¤Ï¤¢¤ë)
1375 ¤ÈƱ¤¸¡£»È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1380 .\"O pointer argument is printed in hexadecimal (as if by
1389 ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê) 16 ¿Ê¿ô¤Ç½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1392 .\"O The number of characters written so far is stored into the integer
1393 .\"O indicated by the
1395 .\"O (or variant) pointer argument.
1396 .\"O No argument is converted.
1397 ¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤¿Ê¸»ú¿ô¤ò
1399 (¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÎà»÷¤Î·¿) ¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿°ú¤¿ô¤¬»Ø¤¹À°¿ô¤ËÊݸ¤¹¤ë¡£
1400 °ú¤¿ô¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤Ï¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1403 .\"O (Glibc extension.)
1404 .\"O Print output of
1405 .\"O .IR strerror(errno) .
1406 .\"O No argument is required.
1409 ¤Î½ÐÎϤòɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£°ú¤¿ô¤ÏɬÍפʤ¤¡£
1412 .\"O A \(aq%\(aq is written.
1413 .\"O No argument is converted.
1414 .\"O The complete conversion
1415 .\"O specification is \(aq%%\(aq.
1416 \(aq%\(aq ʸ»ú¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤Ï̵¤¤¡£
1417 ÊÑ´¹»ØÄêÁ´ÂΤò½ñ¤¯¤È "%%" ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
1418 .\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
1421 .\"O .BR fprintf (),
1423 .\"O .BR sprintf (),
1424 .\"O .BR vprintf (),
1425 .\"O .BR vfprintf (),
1427 .\"O .BR vsprintf ()
1428 .\"O functions conform to C89 and C99.
1435 ´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢C89 ¤È C99 ¤Ë½àµò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1437 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1439 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
1440 .\"O functions conform to C99.
1444 ¤Ï C99 ¤Ë½àµò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1446 .\"O Concerning the return value of
1447 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
1448 .\"O SUSv2 and C99 standard contradict each other: when
1449 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1452 .\"O then SUSv2 stipulates an unspecified return value less than 1,
1453 .\"O while C99 allows
1455 .\"O to be NULL in this case, and gives the return value (as always)
1456 .\"O as the number of characters that would have been written in case
1457 .\"O the output string has been large enough.
1460 SUSv2 ¤È C99 ɸ½à¤Ï¸ß¤¤¤ËÌ·½â¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1465 ¤Ç¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢ 1 ̤Ëþ¤ÎÃͤò²¿¤«ÊÖ¤êÃͤȤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ëµ¬Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1466 °ìÊý C99 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç
1468 ¤ò NULL ¤È¤·¡¢ÊÖ¤êÃͤȤ·¤Æ (Ä̾ïÄ̤ê) ½ÐÎϥХåե¡¤¬½½Ê¬¤ÊÂ礤µ¤¬
1469 ¤¢¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦Ê¸»ú¿ô¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
1471 .\"O Linux libc4 knows about the five C standard flags.
1472 .\"O It knows about the length modifiers \fBh\fP, \fBl\fP, \fBL\fP,
1473 .\"O and the conversions
1474 .\"O \fBc\fP, \fBd\fP, \fBe\fP, \fBE\fP, \fBf\fP, \fBF\fP,
1475 .\"O \fBg\fP, \fBG\fP, \fBi\fP, \fBn\fP, \fBo\fP, \fBp\fP,
1476 .\"O \fBs\fP, \fBu\fP, \fBx\fP, and \fBX\fP,
1477 .\"O where \fBF\fP is a synonym for \fBf\fP.
1478 Linux libc4 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ 5 ¤Ä¤Î C ɸ½à¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¡¢
1479 Ťµ½¤¾þ»Ò \fBh\fP, \fBl\fP, \fBL\fP¡¢ÊÑ´¹
1480 \fBc\fP, \fBd\fP, \fBe\fP, \fBE\fP, \fBf\fP, \fBF\fP,
1481 \fBg\fP, \fBG\fP, \fBi\fP, \fBn\fP, \fBo\fP, \fBp\fP,
1482 \fBs\fP, \fBu\fP, \fBx\fP, \fBX\fP
1484 ⤷ \fBF\fP ¤Ï \fBf\fP ¤ÈƱµÁ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1485 .\"O Additionally, it accepts \fBD\fP, \fBO\fP, and \fBU\fP as synonyms
1486 .\"O for \fBld\fP, \fBlo\fP, and \fBlu\fP.
1487 .\"O (This is bad, and caused serious bugs later, when
1488 .\"O support for \fB%D\fP disappeared.)
1489 .\"O No locale-dependent radix character,
1490 .\"O no thousands' separator, no NaN or infinity, no "%m$" and "*m$".
1491 ¤Þ¤¿¡¢ \fBD\fP, \fBO\fP, and \fBU\fP ¤ò \fBld\fP, \fBlo\fP, and \fBlu\fP
1492 ¤ÈƱ¤¸¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¨¤ë
1493 (¤³¤ì¤Ï¤Þ¤º¤¤»ÅÍͤǡ¢ ¸å¤Ë \fB%D\fP ¤ÎÂбþ¤¬ÂǤÁÀÚ¤é¤ì¤¿»þ¤Ë¿¼¹ï¤Ê¥Ð¥°¤ò
1494 °ú¤µ¯¤³¤·¤¿)¡£¥í¥±¡¼¥ë°Í¸¤Î¾®¿ôÅÀ¡¢1000 ¶èÀڤꡢ NaN ¤È̵¸Â¡¢
1495 "%m$" ¤È "*m$" ¤Ï»È¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡£
1497 .\"O Linux libc5 knows about the five C standard flags and the \(aq flag,
1498 .\"O locale, "%m$" and "*m$".
1499 .\"O It knows about the length modifiers \fBh\fP, \fBl\fP, \fBL\fP,
1500 .\"O \fBZ\fP, and \fBq\fP, but accepts \fBL\fP and \fBq\fP
1501 .\"O both for \fIlong double\fP and for \fIlong long int\fP (this is a bug).
1502 Linux libc5 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ 5 ¤Ä¤Î C ɸ½à¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤È \(aq ¥Õ¥é¥°¡¢¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¡¢
1503 "%m$" ¤È "*m$" ¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¡£
1504 ¤Þ¤¿¡¢Ä¹¤µ½¤¾þ»Ò \fBh\fP, \fBl\fP, \fBL\fP, \fBZ\fP, iand \fBq\fP ¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¤¬¡¢
1505 \fBL\fP ¤È \fBq\fP ¤ÏξÊý¤È¤â
1506 \fIlong double\fP ¤È \fIlong long int\fP ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë (¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Ð¥°¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
1507 .\"O It no longer recognizes \fBF\fP, \fBD\fP, \fBO\fP, and \fBU\fP,
1508 .\"O but adds the conversion character
1511 .\"O .IR strerror(errno) .
1512 ¸½ºß¤Ç¤ÏÊÑ´¹ \fBF\fP, \fBD\fP, \fBO\fP, \fBU\fP ¤Ïǧ¼±¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢ÊÑ´¹Ê¸»ú
1514 ¤¬Äɲ䵤줿¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï
1516 ¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1518 .\"O glibc 2.0 adds conversion characters \fBC\fP and \fBS\fP.
1519 glibc 2.0 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÊÑ´¹Ê¸»ú \fBC\fP ¤È \fBS\fP ¤¬Äɲ䵤줿¡£
1521 .\"O glibc 2.1 adds length modifiers \fBhh\fP, \fBj\fP, \fBt\fP, and \fBz\fP
1522 .\"O and conversion characters \fBa\fP and \fBA\fP.
1523 glibc 2.1 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ä¹¤µ½¤¾þ»Ò \fBhh\fP, \fBj\fP, \fBt\fP, \fBz\fP
1524 ¤ÈÊÑ´¹Ê¸»ú \fBa\fP, \fBA\fP ¤¬Äɲ䵤줿¡£
1526 .\"O glibc 2.2 adds the conversion character \fBF\fP with C99 semantics,
1527 .\"O and the flag character \fBI\fP.
1528 glibc 2.2 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ C99 ¤Çµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤¿°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤ÎÊÑ´¹Ê¸»ú \fBF\fP ¤È
1529 ¥Õ¥é¥°Ê¸»ú \fBI\fP ¤¬Äɲ䵤줿¡£
1532 .\"O Some programs imprudently rely on code such as the following
1534 .\"O sprintf(buf, "%s some further text", buf);
1536 .\"O to append text to
1540 ¤ËÄɲ乤ë¤Î¤Ë¡¢·ÚΨ¤Ë¤â¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥³¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
1542 sprintf(buf, "%s some further text", buf);
1544 .\"O However, the standards explicitly note that the results are undefined
1545 .\"O if source and destination buffers overlap when calling
1546 .\"O .BR sprintf (),
1547 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
1548 .\"O .BR vsprintf (),
1550 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ().
1551 ¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢É¸½àµ¬³Ê¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
1556 ¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥³¥Ô¡¼¸µ¤È¥³¥Ô¡¼Àè¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤¬½Å¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Î
1557 ·ë²Ì¤ÏÉÔÄê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¢¤ÈÌÀµ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1558 .\" http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7075
1559 .\"O Depending on the version of
1561 .\"O used, and the compiler options employed, calls such as the above will
1563 .\"O produce the expected results.
1566 ¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ä»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥é¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¼¡Âè¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
1567 ¾åµ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ç¡¢´üÂÔ¤·¤¿·ë²Ì¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¡Ö¤Ê¤¤¡×¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
1569 .\"O The glibc implementation of the functions
1570 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1572 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
1573 .\"O conforms to the C99 standard, that is, behaves as described above,
1574 .\"O since glibc version 2.1.
1575 .\"O Until glibc 2.0.6 they would return \-1
1576 .\"O when the output was truncated.
1581 ¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤Ï¡¢¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.1 °Ê¹ß¤Ï C99 ɸ½à¤Ë½àµò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢
1582 ¾åµ¤ÎÄ̤ê¤ÎÆ°ºî¤ò¤¹¤ë¡£
1583 glibc 2.0.6 ¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢½ÐÎϤ¬ÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
1584 .\"O .\" .SH HISTORY
1586 .\"O .\" UNIX V7 defines the three routines
1587 .\"O .\" .BR printf (),
1588 .\"O .\" .BR fprintf (),
1589 .\"O .\" .BR sprintf (),
1590 .\"O .\" and has the flag \-, the width or precision *, the length modifier l,
1591 .\"O .\" and the conversions doxfegcsu, and also D,O,U,X as synonyms for ld,lo,lu,lx.
1596 .\" ¤Î 3 ¤Ä¤Î´Ø¿ô¤È¡¢¥Õ¥é¥° \-¡¢Éý¤ÈÀºÅ٤ǤΠ*¡¢Ä¹¤µ½¤¾þ»Ò l¡¢
1597 .\" ÊÑ´¹ doxfegcsu¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ ld,ld,lu,lx ¤ÎƱµÁ¸ì¤È¤·¤Æ D,O,U,X ¤¬ÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1598 .\"O .\" This is still true for 2.9.1BSD, but 2.10BSD has the flags
1599 .\"O .\" #, + and <space> and no longer mentions D,O,U,X.
1600 .\" 2.9.1BSD ¤Ç¤â¤³¤ì¤ÏƱ¤¸¤À¤Ã¤¿¤¬¡¢ 2.10BSD ¤Ç¤Ï
1601 .\" ¥Õ¥é¥° #, +, ¶õÇò¤¬Äɲ䵤졢 D,O,U,X ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÏµºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£
1602 .\"O .\" 2.11BSD has
1603 .\"O .\" .BR vprintf (),
1604 .\"O .\" .BR vfprintf (),
1605 .\"O .\" .BR vsprintf (),
1606 .\"O .\" and warns not to use D,O,U,X.
1609 .\" .BR vfprintf (),
1611 .\" ¤¬Äɲ䵤졢 D,O,U,X ¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë·Ù¹ð¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
1612 .\"O .\" 4.3BSD Reno has the flag 0, the length modifiers h and L,
1613 .\"O .\" and the conversions n, p, E, G, X (with current meaning)
1614 .\"O .\" and deprecates D,O,U.
1615 .\" 4.3BSD Reno ¤Ç¤Ï¥Õ¥é¥° 0¡¢Ä¹¤µ½¤¾þ»Ò h ¤È L¡¢
1616 .\" ÊÑ´¹ n, p, E, G, (¸½ºß¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤Î) X ¤¬Äɲ䵤졢
1617 .\" D,O,U ¤ÏÈó¿ä¾©°·¤¤¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£
1618 .\"O .\" 4.4BSD introduces the functions
1619 .\"O .\" .BR snprintf ()
1621 .\"O .\" .BR vsnprintf (),
1622 .\"O .\" and the length modifier q.
1623 .\" 4.4BSD ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢´Ø¿ô
1624 .\" .BR snprintf ()¤È
1625 .\" .BR vsnprintf ()¡¢
1626 .\" Ťµ½¤¾þ»Ò q ¤¬Æ³Æþ¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
1627 .\"O .\" FreeBSD also has functions
1628 .\"O .\" .BR asprintf ()
1630 .\"O .\" .BR vasprintf (),
1631 .\"O .\" that allocate a buffer large enough for
1632 .\"O .\" .BR sprintf ().
1635 .\" ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë½½Ê¬¤Ê¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ò³ÎÊݤ¹¤ë
1638 .\" .BR vasprintf ()
1639 .\" ¤¬Äɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1640 .\"O .\" In glibc there are functions
1641 .\"O .\" .BR dprintf ()
1643 .\"O .\" .BR vdprintf ()
1644 .\"O .\" that print to a file descriptor instead of a stream.
1645 .\" glibc ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢´Ø¿ô
1648 .\" ¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤Ë½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1654 .\"O .BR vsprintf ()
1655 .\"O assume an arbitrarily long string, callers must be careful not to overflow
1656 .\"O the actual space; this is often impossible to assure.
1657 .\"O Note that the length
1658 .\"O of the strings produced is locale-dependent and difficult to predict.
1662 ¤Ï¾¡¼ê¤Ë½½Ê¬¤ËŤ¤Ê¸»úÎóÎΰ褬¤¢¤ë¤È²¾Äꤹ¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·Â¦¤Ï
1663 ¼ÂºÝ¤ÎÎΰ褫¤é¤¢¤Õ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1664 ¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤òÊݾڤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤¬Â¿¤¤¡£
1665 À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤ëʸ»úÎó¤ÎŤµ¤Ï¥í¥±¡¼¥ë°Í¸¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢Í½Â¬¤¬Æñ¤·¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¡£
1667 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1669 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
1671 .\"O .BR asprintf (3)
1673 .\"O .BR vasprintf (3)).
1684 .\"O Linux libc4.[45] does not have a
1685 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
1686 .\"O but provides a libbsd that contains an
1687 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1689 .\"O .BR sprintf (),
1690 .\"O that is, one that ignores the
1693 Linux libc4.[45] ¤Ë¤Ï
1695 ¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢ libbsd ¤¬Ä󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢
1703 .\"O Thus, the use of
1704 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1705 .\"O with early libc4 leads to serious security problems.
1706 ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢½é´ü¤Î libc4 ¤Ç
1708 ¤ò»È¤¦¤È¡¢¿¼¹ï¤Ê¥»¥¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£ÌäÂê¤ò°ú¤µ¯¤³¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
1711 .\"O .BI printf( foo );
1712 .\"O often indicates a bug, since
1714 .\"O may contain a % character.
1717 .\"O comes from untrusted user input, it may contain \fB%n\fP, causing the
1719 .\"O call to write to memory and creating a security hole.
1721 ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ð¥Ð¥°¤ò°ú¤µ¯¤³¤¹¡£
1724 ¤Ë % ʸ»ú¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1726 ¤¬¿®Íê¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ÆþÎϤ«¤éºî¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
1727 ¤½¤ÎÃæ¤Ë \fB%n\fP ¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢
1729 ¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·»þ¤Ë¥á¥â¥ê¤Ø¤Î½ñ¤¹þ¤ß¤¬µ¯¤³¤ê¡¢
1730 ¥»¥¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¼¥Û¡¼¥ë¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1732 .\".\"O Some floating-point conversions under early libc4
1733 .\".\"O caused memory leaks.
1734 .\"½é´ü¤Î libc4 ¤Ç¤Î¼Â¿ôÊÑ´¹¤Ë¤Ï¥á¥â¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¯¤ò°ú¤µ¯¤³¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
1737 .if \w'\*(Pi'=0 .ds Pi pi
1738 .\"O To print \*(Pi to five decimal places:
1739 \*(Pi ¤ò 5 ·å¤Ç½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1745 fprintf(stdout, "pi = %.5f\en", 4 * atan(1.0));
1749 .\"O To print a date and time in the form "Sunday, July 3, 10:02",
1754 .\"O are pointers to strings:
1755 ÆüÉդȻþ´Ö¤ò "Sunday, July 3, 10:02" ¤Î·Á¼°¤Ç½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1759 ¤Ïʸ»úÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë)
1764 fprintf(stdout, "%s, %s %d, %.2d:%.2d\en",
1765 weekday, month, day, hour, min);
1769 .\"O Many countries use the day-month-year order.
1770 .\"O Hence, an internationalized version must be able to print
1771 .\"O the arguments in an order specified by the format:
1772 Æü - ·î - ǯ ¤Î½ç½ø¤Çɽ¼¨¤ò¹Ô¤¦¹ñ¤â¿¤¤¡£
1773 ½¾¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¹ñºÝÈǤǤϽñ¼°¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿½çÈÖ¤Ç
1774 °ú¤¿ô¤òɽ¼¨¤Ç¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1779 fprintf(stdout, format,
1780 weekday, month, day, hour, min);
1786 .\"O depends on locale, and may permute the arguments.
1787 .\"O With the value:
1789 ¤Ï¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢°ú¤¿ô¤Î½çÈÖ¤òÊѤ¨¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
1795 "%1$s, %3$d. %2$s, %4$d:%5$.2d\en"
1799 .\"O one might obtain "Sonntag, 3. Juli, 10:02".
1800 ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ "Sonntag, 3. Juli, 10:02" ¤È¤¤¤¦·ë²Ì¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
1802 .\"O To allocate a sufficiently large string and print into it
1803 .\"O (code correct for both glibc 2.0 and glibc 2.1):
1804 ½½Ê¬¤ËÂ礤Êʸ»úÎóÎΰè¤ò³ÎÊݤ·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤³¤Ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò³ÊǼ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï
1805 (glibc 2.0 ¤È glibc 2.1 ¤ÎξÊý¤ÇÀµ¤·¤¯Æ°ºî¤¹¤ë¥³¡¼¥É):
1812 make_message(const char *fmt, ...)
1814 /* Guess we need no more than 100 bytes. */
1819 if ((p = malloc(size)) == NULL)
1823 /* Try to print in the allocated space. */
1825 n = vsnprintf(p, size, fmt, ap);
1827 /* If that worked, return the string. */
1828 if (n > \-1 && n < size)
1830 /* Else try again with more space. */
1831 if (n > \-1) /* glibc 2.1 */
1832 size = n+1; /* precisely what is needed */
1833 else /* glibc 2.0 */
1834 size *= 2; /* twice the old size */
1835 if ((np = realloc (p, size)) == NULL) {