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[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / draft / man7 / arp.7

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.\" This man page is Copyright (C) 1999 Matthew Wilcox <willy@bofh.ai>.
.\" Permission is granted to distribute possibly modified copies
.\" of this page provided the header is included verbatim,
.\" and in case of nontrivial modification author and date
.\" of the modification is added to the header.
.\" Modified June 1999 Andi Kleen
.\" $Id: arp.7,v 1.9 2001/03/12 08:45:27 nakano Exp $
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1999-2001 NAKANO Takeo all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1999-12-06, NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2001-02-16, NAKANO Takeo
.\" Updated 2008-12-26, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v3.14
.\"
.\"WORD         permanent               Êݸ
.\"WORD         neighbor cache entry    ¶á˵¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê
.\"WORD         stale                   ¸Å¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿
.\"WORD         proxy arp               ÂåÍý arp
.\"WORD         garbage collect (-or)   ¥¬¥Ù¡¼¥¸¡¦¥³¥ì¥¯¥È(¥³¥ì¥¯¥¿)
.\"WORD         capability              ¸¢¸Â
.\"WORD         neighbor soliciation message    ¶á˵Í×ÀÁ¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸
.\"WORD         network flooding        ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¡¦¥Õ¥é¥Ã¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°
.\"WORD         thrashing               ¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥ó¥°
.\"WORD         connection oriented     Àܳ»Ø¸þ
.\"WORD         forward progress        ¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹
.\"
.TH ARP 7 2008-11-25 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.\"O arp \- Linux ARP kernel module.
.SH ̾Á°
arp \- Linux ARP ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O This kernel protocol module implements the Address Resolution
.\"O Protocol defined in RFC\ 826.
.\"O It is used to convert between Layer2 hardware addresses
.\"O and IPv4 protocol addresses on directly connected networks.
.\"O The user normally doesn't interact directly with this module except to
.\"O configure it;
.\"O instead it provides a service for other protocols in the kernel.
¤³¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤Ï¡¢
RFC\ 826 ¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë Address Resolution Protocol ¤ò
¼ÂÁõ¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ ARP ¤Ï¡¢¥À¥¤¥ì¥¯¥È¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Ç¡¢
Âè 2 ÁؤΥϡ¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òIPv4 ¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë
ÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¡£¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤ÏÀßÄê¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ò½ü¤¤¤Æ
Ä̾ïľÀܤ³¤Î¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤Ë´Ø¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ëÆâÉô¤Î¾¤Î¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ë¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O A user process can receive ARP packets by using
.\"O .BR packet (7)
.\"O sockets.
.\"O There is also a mechanism for managing the ARP cache
.\"O in user-space by using
.\"O .BR netlink (7)
.\"O sockets.
.\"O The ARP table can also be controlled via
.\"O .BR ioctl (2)
.\"O on any
.\"O .B AF_INET
.\"O socket.
¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï¡¢
.BR packet (7)
¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤òÍѤ¤¤ì¤Ð ARP ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò¼õ¿®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
ARP ¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤ò¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¶õ´Ö¤Ç´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï
.BR netlink (7)
¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£ ARP ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤âÀ©¸æ²Äǽ¤Ç¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë¤ÏǤ°Õ¤Î
.B AF_INET
¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ë
.BR ioctl (2)
¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The ARP module maintains a cache of mappings between hardware addresses
.\"O and protocol addresses.
.\"O The cache has a limited size so old and less
.\"O frequently used entries are garbage-collected.
.\"O Entries which are marked
.\"O as permanent are never deleted by the garbage-collector.
.\"O The cache can
.\"O be directly manipulated by the use of ioctls and its behavior can be
.\"O tuned by the
.\"O .I /proc
.\"O interfaces described below.
ARP ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤Ï¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤«¤é¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ø¤Î
¥Þ¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥°¤Î¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤ò´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë¡£¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ë¤ÏÀ©¸Â¤¬
¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¸Å¤¤¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤äÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï¥¬¥Ù¡¼¥¸¥³¥ì¥¯¥È
¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£ permanent (Êݸ) ¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤¬¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤¿¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï¡¢
·è¤·¤Æ¥¬¥Ù¡¼¥¸¥³¥ì¥¯¥¿¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¾Ãµî¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
ioctl ¤òÍѤ¤¤ì¤Ð¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤òľÀÜÁàºî¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤Þ¤¿¸å½Ò¤Î
.I /proc
¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ê¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤Î¿¶¤ëÉñ¤¤¤òÄ´À°¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O When there is no positive feedback for an existing mapping after some
.\"O time (see the
.\"O .I /proc
.\"O interfaces below), a neighbor cache entry is considered stale.
.\"O Positive feedback can be gotten from a higher layer; for example from
.\"O a successful TCP ACK.
.\"O Other protocols can signal forward progress
.\"O using the
.\"O .B MSG_CONFIRM
.\"O flag to
.\"O .BR sendmsg (2).
.\"O When there is no forward progress, ARP tries to reprobe.
.\"O It first tries to ask a local arp daemon
.\"O .B app_solicit
.\"O times for an updated MAC address.
.\"O If that fails and an old MAC address is known, an unicast probe is send
.\"O .B ucast_solicit
.\"O times.
.\"O If that fails too, it will broadcast a new ARP
.\"O request to the network.
.\"O Requests are only sent when there is data queued
.\"O for sending.
¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥°¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢
Àµ¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥É¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¤¬°ìÄê»þ´Ö¤Ê¤¤ (¸å½Ò¤Î
.I /proc
¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò¸«¤è) ¤È¡¢
¶á˵¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê (neighbor cache entry) ¤Ï
¸Å¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿ (stale) ¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
Àµ¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥É¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¤Ï¹â°Ì¤Î¥ì¥¤¥ä¡¼¤«¤é¤â¼èÆÀ¤Ç¤­¤ë
(Î㤨¤Ð TCP ACK ¤¬À®¸ù¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ê¤É)¡£
¾¤Î¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ï¡¢
.BR sendmsg (2)
¤Ë
.B MSG_CONFIRM
¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢
¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹ (forward progress) ¤ò¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢
ARP ¤ÏºÆ¤Ó¥×¥í¡¼¥Ö¤ò»î¤ß¤ë¡£
¤Þ¤º¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Ê arp ¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¤ËÌä¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¹Ô¤¤¡¢
¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤¿ MAC ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò¼èÆÀ¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È¤Ë
.B app_solicit
²ó¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¸Å¤¤ MAC ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
unicast ¤Î¥×¥í¡¼¥Ö¤¬
.B ucaset_solicit
²óÁ÷¤é¤ì¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤â¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¿·¤·¤¤ ARP ¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È
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¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬Á÷¿®¥­¥å¡¼¤Ë¤Ê¤±¤ì¤ÐÁ÷¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.\"O Linux will automatically add a nonpermanent proxy arp entry when it
.\"O receives a request for an address it forwards to and proxy arp is
.\"O enabled on the receiving interface.
.\"O When there is a reject route for the target, no proxy arp entry is added.
Linux ¤Ï¡¢¤¢¤ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ø¤Î¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È¤ò¼õ¿®¡¦¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É¤·¡¢
¼õ¿®¤·¤¿¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ÇÂåÍý arp ¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¤½¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò nonpermanent ¤ÊÂåÍý arp ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ËÄɲ乤롣
¤½¤Î¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤Ë reject route ¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
ÂåÍý arp ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï°ìÀÚÄɲ䵤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SS Ioctls
.SS ioctl
.\"O Three ioctls are available on all
.\"O .B AF_INET
.\"O sockets.
.\"O They take a pointer to a
.\"O .I struct arpreq
.\"O as their argument.
¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î
.B AF_INET
¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ 3 ¤Ä¤Î ioctl ¤¬»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï
.I struct arpreq
¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤ò°ú¿ô¤Ë¼è¤ë¡£

.in +4n
.nf
struct arpreq {
    struct sockaddr arp_pa;      /* protocol address */
    struct sockaddr arp_ha;      /* hardware address */
    int             arp_flags;   /* flags */
    struct sockaddr arp_netmask; /* netmask of protocol address */
    char            arp_dev[16];
};
.fi
.in

.\"O .BR SIOCSARP ", " SIOCDARP " and " SIOCGARP
.\"O respectively set, delete and get an ARP mapping.
.\"O Setting and deleting ARP maps are privileged operations and may
.\"O only be performed by a process with the
.\"O .B CAP_NET_ADMIN
.\"O capability or an effective UID of 0.
.BR SIOCSARP ", " SIOCDARP ", " SIOCGARP
¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì ARP ¥Þ¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥°¤òÀßÄꡦºï½ü¡¦¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë¡£
ARP ¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤ÎÀßÄê¤Èºï½ü¤ÏÆø¢¤¬É¬ÍפÊÁàºî¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢
.B CAP_NET_ADMIN
¸¢¸Â¤ò»ý¤Ä¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤«¡¢¼Â¹Ô¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ ID ¤¬ 0 ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹
¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.\"O .I arp_pa
.\"O must be an
.\"O .B AF_INET
.\"O socket and
.\"O .I arp_ha
.\"O must have the same type as the device which is specified in
.\"O .IR arp_dev .
.\"O .I arp_dev
.\"O is a zero-terminated string which names a device.
.I arp_pa
¤Ï
.B AF_INET
¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤º¡¢
.I arp_ha
¤Ï
.I arp_dev
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.I arp_dev
¤Ï¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î̾Á°¤ò¼¨¤¹¡¢¥¼¥í¤Ç½ªÃ¼¤µ¤ì¤¿Ê¸»úÎó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.RS
.TS
tab(:) allbox;
c s
l l.
\fIarp_flags\fR
.\"O flag:meaning
.\"O ATF_COM:Lookup complete
.\"O ATF_PERM:Permanent entry
.\"O ATF_PUBL:Publish entry
.\"O ATF_USETRAILERS:Trailers requested
.\"O ATF_NETMASK:Use a netmask
.\"O ATF_DONTPUB:Don't answer
¥Õ¥é¥°:°ÕÌ£
ATF_COM:»²¾È´°Î»
ATF_PERM:¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò peramanent ¤Ë¤¹¤ë
ATF_PUBL:¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò publish ¤¹¤ë
ATF_USETRAILERS:trailer ¤¬É¬Í×
ATF_NETMASK:netmask ¤òÍѤ¤¤ë
ATF_DONTPUB:²óÅú¤·¤Ê¤¤
.TE
.RE

.PP
.\"O If the
.\"O .B ATF_NETMASK
.\"O flag is set, then
.\"O .I arp_netmask
.\"O should be valid.
.\"O Linux 2.2 does not support proxy network ARP entries, so this
.\"O should be set to 0xffffffff, or 0 to remove an existing proxy arp entry.
.\"O .B ATF_USETRAILERS
.\"O is obsolete and should not be used.
.B ATF_NETMASK
¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.I arp_netmask
¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
Linux 2.2 ¤ÏÂåÍý¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ ARP ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢
¤³¤ì¤Ï 0xffffffff ¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤«¡¢¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï
¸½Â¸¤ÎÂåÍý arp ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºï½ü¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï 0 ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.B ATF_USETRAILERS
¤Ï obsolete ¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÍѤ¤¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SS /proc interfaces
.SS /proc ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹
.\"O ARP supports a range of
.\"O .I /proc
.\"O interfaces to configure parameters on a global or per-interface basis.
.\"O The interfaces can be accessed by reading or writing the
.\"O .I /proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/*/*
.\"O files.
.\"O Each interface in the system has its own directory in
.\"O .IR /proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/ .
.\"O The setting in the "default" directory is used for all newly created
.\"O devices.
.\"O Unless otherwise specified, time-related sysctls are specified
.\"O in seconds.
ARP ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤Ê¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ä¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤´¤È¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ò
.I /proc
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.I proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/*/*
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¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
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.I /proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/
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"default" ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÀßÄê¤ò¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
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Æä˻ØÄ꤬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢»þ´Ö¤Ë´Ø¤ë sysctl ¤Îñ°Ì¤ÏÉäǤ¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O .IR anycast_delay " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR anycast_delay " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O The maximum number of jiffies to delay before replying to a
.\"O IPv6 neighbor solicitation message.
.\"O Anycast support is not yet implemented.
.\"O Defaults to 1 second.
IPv6 ¤Î¶á˵Í×ÀÁ¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸ (neighbor soliciation message)
¤Ë±þÅú¤¹¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎºÇÂçÃÙ±ä»þ´Ö (jiffy ñ°Ì)¡£
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.TP
.\"O .IR app_solicit " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR app_solicit " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O The maximum number of probes to send to the user space ARP daemon via
.\"O netlink before dropping back to multicast probes (see
.\"O .IR mcast_solicit ).
.\"O Defaults to 0.
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.RI ( mcast_solicit
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.TP
.\"O .IR base_reachable_time " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR base_reachable_time " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O Once a neighbor has been found, the entry is considered to be valid
.\"O for at least a random value between
.\"O .IR base_reachable_time "/2 and 3*" base_reachable_time /2.
.\"O An entry's validity will be extended if it receives positive feedback
.\"O from higher level protocols.
.\"O Defaults to 30 seconds.
¶á˵¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬¤ß¤Ä¤«¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï
.IR base_reachable_time "/2 ¤«¤é 3*" base_reachable_time /2
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.\"O This file is now obsolete in favor of
.\"O .IR base_reachable_time_ms .
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¸½ºß¤ÏÈó¿ä¾©¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢Âå¤ï¤ê¤Ë
.I base_reachable_time_ms
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.TP
.\"O .IR base_reachable_time_ms " (since Linux 2.6.12)"
.IR base_reachable_time_ms " (Linux 2.6.12 °Ê¹ß)"
.\"O As for
.\"O .IR base_reachable_time ,
.\"O but measures time in milliseconds.
.\"O Defaults to 30000 milliseconds.
.I base_reachable_time
¤ÈƱ¤¸¤À¤¬¡¢»þ´Ö¤ò¥ß¥êÉÃñ°Ì¤Ç¬¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï 30000 ¥ß¥êÉäǤ¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O .IR delay_first_probe_time " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR delay_first_probe_time " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O Delay before first probe after it has been decided that a neighbor
.\"O is stale.
.\"O Defaults to 5 seconds.
¶á˵¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¸Å¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤ÈȽÃǤµ¤ì¤¿¸å¤Ë
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.TP
.\"O .IR gc_interval " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR gc_interval " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O How frequently the garbage collector for neighbor entries
.\"O should attempt to run.
.\"O Defaults to 30 seconds.
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.TP
.\"O .IR gc_stale_time " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR gc_stale_time " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O Determines how often to check for stale neighbor entries.
.\"O When a neighbor entry is considered stale, it is resolved again before
.\"O sending data to it.
.\"O Defaults to 60 seconds.
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.TP
.\"O .IR gc_thresh1 " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR gc_thresh1 " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O The minimum number of entries to keep in the ARP cache.
.\"O The garbage collector will not run if there are fewer than
.\"O this number of entries in the cache.
.\"O Defaults to 128.
ARP ¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤ËÊݸ¤¹¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¿ô¤ÎºÇ¾®ÃÍ¡£
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¥¬¥Ù¡¼¥¸¡¦¥³¥ì¥¯¥¿¤Ï¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï 128¡£
.TP
.\"O .IR gc_thresh2 " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR gc_thresh2 " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O The soft maximum number of entries to keep in the ARP cache.
.\"O The garbage collector will allow the number of entries to exceed
.\"O this for 5 seconds before collection will be performed.
.\"O Defaults to 512.
ARP ¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤ËÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¿ô¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¤ÊºÇÂçÃÍ¡£
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.\"O .IR gc_thresh3 " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR gc_thresh3 " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O The hard maximum number of entries to keep in the ARP cache.
.\"O The garbage collector will always run if there are more than
.\"O this number of entries in the cache.
.\"O Defaults to 1024.
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.TP
.\"O .IR locktime " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR locktime " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O The minimum number of jiffies to keep an ARP entry in the cache.
.\"O This prevents ARP cache thrashing if there is more than one potential
.\"O mapping (generally due to network misconfiguration).
.\"O Defaults to 1 second.
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.\"O .IR mcast_solicit " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR mcast_solicit " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O The maximum number of attempts to resolve an address by
.\"O multicast/broadcast  before marking the entry as unreachable.
.\"O Defaults to 3.
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.\"O .IR proxy_delay " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR proxy_delay " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O When an ARP request for a known proxy-ARP address is received, delay up to
.\"O .I proxy_delay
.\"O jiffies before replying.
.\"O This is used to prevent network flooding in some cases.
.\"O Defaults to 0.8 seconds.
´ûÃΤÎÂåÍý ARP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ËÂФ·¤Æ ARP ¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È¤ò¼õ¿®¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢
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.\"O .IR proxy_qlen " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR proxy_qlen " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O The maximum number of packets which may be queued to proxy-ARP addresses.
.\"O Defaults to 64.
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.\"O .IR retrans_time " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR retrans_time " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O The number of jiffies to delay before retransmitting a request.
.\"O Defaults to 1 second.
.\"O This file is now obsolete in favor of
.\"O .IR retrans_time_ms .
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.I retrans_time_ms
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.\"O .IR retrans_time_ms " (since Linux 2.6.12)"
.IR retrans_time_ms " (Linux 2.6.12 °Ê¹ß)"
.\"O The number of milliseconds to delay before retransmitting a request.
.\"O Defaults to 1000 milliseconds.
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.\"O .IR ucast_solicit " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR ucast_solicit " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O The maximum number of attempts to send unicast probes before asking
.\"O the ARP daemon (see
.\"O .IR app_solicit ).
.\"O Defaults to 3.
ARP ¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¤Ø¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¹Ô¤¦Á°¤Ë¹Ô¤¦ unicast õº÷¤ÎºÇÂç»î¹Ô¿ô
.RI ( app_solicit
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.\"O .IR unres_qlen " (since Linux 2.2)"
.IR unres_qlen " (Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß)"
.\" Precisely: 2.1.79
.\"O The maximum number of packets which may be queued for each unresolved
.\"O address by other network layers.
.\"O Defaults to 3.
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.\"O .SH VERSIONS
.SH ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó
.\"O The
.\"O .I struct arpreq
.\"O changed in Linux 2.0 to include the
.\"O .I arp_dev
.\"O member and the ioctl numbers changed at the same time.
.\"O Support for the old ioctls was dropped in Linux 2.2.
Linux 2.0 ¤Ç¡¢
.I struct arpreq
¤Ë
.I arp_dev
¥á¥ó¥Ð¡¼¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÊѹ¹¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¡£¤Þ¤¿Æ±»þ¤Ë
ioctl ÈÖ¹æ¤âÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£¸Å¤¤ ioctl ¤Ï
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.\"O Support for proxy arp entries for networks (netmask not equal 0xffffffff)
.\"O was dropped in Linux 2.2.
.\"O It is replaced by automatic proxy arp setup by
.\"O the kernel for all reachable hosts on other interfaces (when
.\"O forwarding and proxy arp is enabled for the interface).
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÂåÍý arp ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê (netmask ¤¬ 0xffffffff ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤)
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(¤½¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ç¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤ÈÂåÍý arp ¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç)¡£

.\"O The
.\"O .I neigh/*
.\"O interfaces did not exist before Linux 2.2.
.I neigh/*
¤Î³Æ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ï Linux 2.2 °ÊÁ°¤Ë¤Ï¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SH BUGS
.SH ¥Ð¥°
.\"O Some timer settings are specified in jiffies, which is architecture-
.\"O and kernel version-dependent; see
.\"O .BR time (7).
¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥¿¥¤¥Þ¡¼ÀßÄê¤Ï jiffy ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¤¬¡¢
jiffy ¤Ï¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã¤ä¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ë°Í¸¤¹¤ë¡£
.BR time (7)
¤ò»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È¡£
.PP
.\"O There is no way to signal positive feedback from user space.
.\"O This means connection-oriented protocols implemented in user space
.\"O will generate excessive ARP traffic, because ndisc will regularly
.\"O reprobe the MAC address.
.\"O The same problem applies for some kernel protocols (e.g., NFS over UDP).
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¤Ä¤Þ¤êÀܳ»Ø¸þ (connection-oriented) ¤Î¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤ò¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¶õ´Ö¤Ç
¼ÂÁõ¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢Í¾·×¤Ê ARP ¥È¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤Î¸¶°ø¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
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ƱÍͤÎÌäÂê¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë (NFS over UDP ¤Ê¤É) ¤Ë¤â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¡£
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.\"O This man page mashes IPv4 specific and shared between IPv4 and IPv6
.\"O functionality together.
¤³¤Î man ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ç¤Ï IPv4 ÆÃÍ­¤Îµ¡Ç½¤È
IPv4¡¦IPv6 ¤Ç¶¦Í­¤µ¤ì¤ëµ¡Ç½¤È¤¬¤´¤Ã¤Á¤ã¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH SEE ALSO
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR capabilities (7),
.BR ip (7)
.PP
.\"O RFC\ 826 for a description of ARP.
.BR RFC\ 826 :
ARP ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÀâÌÀ
.br
.\"O RFC\ 2461 for a description of IPv6 neighbor discovery and the base
.\"O algorithms used.
.BR RFC\ 2461 :
IPv6 neighbor discovery ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÀâÌÀ¤È¡¢
ÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë´ðÁÃ¥¢¥ë¥´¥ê¥º¥à
.LP
.\"O Linux 2.2+ IPv4 ARP uses the IPv6 algorithms when applicable.
Linux 2.2 °Ê¹ß¤Î IPv4 ARP ¤Ï¡¢
²Äǽ¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ï IPv6 ¤Î¥¢¥ë¥´¥ê¥º¥à¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£