1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
9 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
10 "POT-Creation-Date: 2013-09-28 04:06+0900\n"
11 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
12 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
13 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
20 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27
26 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27
32 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27 build/C/man7/boot.7:15 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30 build/C/man2/reboot.2:28 build/C/man2/sync.2:36
38 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27 build/C/man7/boot.7:15 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30 build/C/man2/reboot.2:28 build/C/man2/sync.2:36 build/C/man8/sync.8:10
40 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
44 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:28 build/C/man7/boot.7:16 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:31 build/C/man2/reboot.2:29 build/C/man2/sync.2:37 build/C/man8/sync.8:11
50 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:30
51 msgid "bdflush - start, flush, or tune buffer-dirty-flush daemon"
55 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:30 build/C/man2/reboot.2:31 build/C/man2/sync.2:39 build/C/man8/sync.8:13
61 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:33
63 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/kdaemon.hE<gt>>\n"
67 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:36
70 "B<int bdflush(int >I<func>B<, long *>I<address>B<);>\n"
71 "B<int bdflush(int >I<func>B<, long >I<data>B<);>\n"
75 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:37 build/C/man7/boot.7:18 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:33 build/C/man2/reboot.2:52 build/C/man2/sync.2:65 build/C/man8/sync.8:15
80 #. As noted in a changes in the 2.5.12 source
82 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:48
84 "I<Note>: Since Linux 2.6, this system call is deprecated and does nothing. "
85 "It is likely to disappear altogether in a future kernel release. Nowadays, "
86 "the task performed by B<bdflush>() is handled by the kernel I<pdflush> "
91 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:55
93 "B<bdflush>() starts, flushes, or tunes the buffer-dirty-flush daemon. Only "
94 "a privileged process (one with the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability) may call "
99 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:61
101 "If I<func> is negative or 0, and no daemon has been started, then "
102 "B<bdflush>() enters the daemon code and never returns."
106 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:66
107 msgid "If I<func> is 1, some dirty buffers are written to disk."
111 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:75
113 "If I<func> is 2 or more and is even (low bit is 0), then I<address> is the "
114 "address of a long word, and the tuning parameter numbered (I<func>-2)/2 is "
115 "returned to the caller in that address."
119 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:84
121 "If I<func> is 3 or more and is odd (low bit is 1), then I<data> is a long "
122 "word, and the kernel sets tuning parameter numbered (I<func>-3)/2 to that "
127 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:88
129 "The set of parameters, their values, and their valid ranges are defined in "
130 "the Linux kernel source file I<fs/buffer.c>."
134 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:88 build/C/man2/reboot.2:151 build/C/man2/sync.2:76
140 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:97
142 "If I<func> is negative or 0 and the daemon successfully starts, B<bdflush>() "
143 "never returns. Otherwise, the return value is 0 on success and -1 on "
144 "failure, with I<errno> set to indicate the error."
148 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:97 build/C/man2/reboot.2:164 build/C/man2/sync.2:82
154 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:98
160 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:102
162 "An attempt was made to enter the daemon code after another process has "
167 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:102 build/C/man2/reboot.2:165
173 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:106
174 msgid "I<address> points outside your accessible address space."
178 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:106 build/C/man2/reboot.2:169
184 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:110
186 "An attempt was made to read or write an invalid parameter number, or to "
187 "write an invalid value to a parameter."
191 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:110 build/C/man2/reboot.2:172
197 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:115
198 msgid "Caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
202 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:115 build/C/man2/reboot.2:179 build/C/man2/sync.2:96 build/C/man8/sync.8:70
204 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
208 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:119
210 "B<bdflush>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended "
215 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:119 build/C/man7/boot.7:202 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1586 build/C/man2/reboot.2:183 build/C/man2/sync.2:119 build/C/man8/sync.8:89
221 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:124
222 msgid "B<fsync>(2), B<sync>(2), B<sync>(8), B<update>(8)"
226 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:124 build/C/man7/boot.7:208 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1595 build/C/man2/reboot.2:190 build/C/man2/sync.2:125 build/C/man8/sync.8:94
232 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:131 build/C/man7/boot.7:215 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1602 build/C/man2/reboot.2:197 build/C/man2/sync.2:132 build/C/man8/sync.8:101
234 "This page is part of release 3.54 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
235 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
236 "found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
240 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:15
246 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:15
252 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:18
253 msgid "boot-scripts - general description of boot sequence"
257 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:26
259 "The boot sequence varies in details among systems but can be roughly divided "
260 "to the following steps: (i) hardware boot, (ii) operating system (OS) "
261 "loader, (iii) kernel startup, (iv) init and inittab, (v) boot scripts. We "
262 "will describe each of these in more detail below."
266 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:26
268 msgid "Hardware-boot"
272 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:31
274 "After power-on or hard reset, control is given to a program stored on "
275 "read-only memory (normally PROM). In PC we usually call this program the "
280 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:40
282 "This program normally makes a basic self-test of the machine and accesses "
283 "nonvolatile memory to read further parameters. This memory in the PC is "
284 "battery-backed CMOS memory, so most people refer to it as the B<CMOS>, "
285 "although outside of the PC world, it is usually called B<nvram> (nonvolatile "
290 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:45
292 "The parameters stored in the nvram vary between systems, but as a minimum, "
293 "the hardware boot program should know what is the boot device, or which "
294 "devices to probe as possible boot devices."
298 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:49
300 "Then the hardware boot stage accesses the boot device, loads the OS loader, "
301 "which is located on a fixed position on the boot device, and transfers "
306 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:49 build/C/man7/boot.7:128
312 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:55
314 "We do not cover here booting from network. Those who want to investigate "
315 "this subject may want to research: DHCP, TFTP, PXE, Etherboot."
319 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:55
325 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:59
327 "In PC, the OS loader is located in the first sector of the boot device - "
328 "this is the B<MBR> (Master Boot Record)."
332 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:67
334 "In most systems, this primary loader is very limited due to various "
335 "constraints. Even on non-PC systems there are some limitations to the size "
336 "and complexity of this loader, but the size limitation of the PC MBR (512 "
337 "bytes including the partition table) makes it almost impossible to squeeze a "
338 "full OS loader into it."
342 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:71
344 "Therefore, most operating systems make the primary loader call a secondary "
345 "OS loader which may be located on a specified disk partition."
349 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:81
351 "In Linux the OS loader is normally B<lilo>(8) or B<grub>(8). Both of them "
352 "may install either as secondary loaders (where the DOS installed MBR points "
353 "to them), or as a two part loader where they provide special MBR containing "
354 "the bootstrap code to load the second part of the loader from the root "
359 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:89
361 "The main job of the OS loader is to locate the kernel on the disk, load it "
362 "and run it. Most OS loaders allow interactive use, to enable specification "
363 "of alternative kernel (maybe a backup in case the last compiled one isn't "
364 "functioning) and to pass optional parameters to the kernel."
368 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:89
370 msgid "Kernel startup"
374 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:94
376 "When the kernel is loaded, it initializes the devices (via their drivers), "
377 "starts the swapper (it is a \"kernel process\", called kswapd in modern "
378 "Linux kernels), and mounts the root filesystem (/)."
382 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:101
384 "Some of the parameters that may be passed to the kernel relate to these "
385 "activities (e.g: You can override the default root filesystem). For further "
386 "information on Linux kernel parameters read B<bootparam>(7)."
390 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:108
392 "Only then the kernel creates the first (user land) process which is "
393 "numbered 1. This process executes the program I</sbin/init>, passing any "
394 "parameters that weren't handled by the kernel already."
398 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:108
400 msgid "init and inittab"
404 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:113
406 "When init starts it reads I</etc/inittab> for further instructions. This "
407 "file defines what should be run in different I<run-levels>."
411 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:123
413 "This gives the system administrator an easy management scheme, where each "
414 "run-level is associated with a set of services (e.g, B<S> is I<single-user>, "
415 "on B<2> most network services start). The administrator may change the "
416 "current run-level via B<init>(8) and query the current run-level via "
421 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:127
423 "However, since it is not convenient to manage individual services by editing "
424 "this file, inittab only bootstraps a set of scripts that actually start/stop "
425 "the individual services."
429 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:127
435 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:136
437 "The following description applies to System V release 4-based systems, which "
438 "currently covers most commercial UNIX systems (Solaris, HP-UX, Irix, Tru64) "
439 "as well as the major Linux distributions (Red Hat, Debian, Mandriva, SUSE, "
440 "Ubuntu). Some systems (Slackware Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD) have a somewhat "
441 "different scheme of boot scripts."
445 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:149
447 "For each managed service (mail, nfs server, cron, etc.) there is a single "
448 "startup script located in a specific directory (I</etc/init.d> in most "
449 "versions of Linux). Each of these scripts accepts as a single argument the "
450 "word \"start\" -- causing it to start the service, or the word \\&\"stop\" "
451 "-- causing it to stop the service. The script may optionally accept other "
452 "\"convenience\" parameters (e.g: \"restart\", to stop and then start, "
453 "\"status\" do display the service status). Running the script without "
454 "parameters displays the possible arguments."
458 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:149
460 msgid "Sequencing directories"
464 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:157
466 "To make specific scripts start/stop at specific run-levels and in specific "
467 "order, there are I<sequencing directories>. These are normally in "
468 "I</etc/rc[0-6S].d>. In each of these directories there are links (usually "
469 "symbolic) to the scripts in the I</etc/init.d> directory."
473 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:166
475 "A primary script (usually I</etc/rc>) is called from B<inittab>(5) and "
476 "calls the services scripts via the links in the sequencing directories. All "
477 "links with names that begin with \\(aqS\\(aq are being called with the "
478 "argument \"start\" (thereby starting the service). All links with names "
479 "that begin with \\(aqK\\(aq are being called with the argument \"stop\" "
480 "(thereby stopping the service)."
484 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:176
486 "To define the starting or stopping order within the same run-level, the "
487 "names of the links contain order-numbers. Also, to make the names clearer, "
488 "they usually end with the name of the service they refer to. Example: the "
489 "link I</etc/rc2.d/S80sendmail> starts the sendmail service on runlevel 2. "
490 "This happens after I</etc/rc2.d/S12syslog> is run but before "
491 "I</etc/rc2.d/S90xfs> is run."
495 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:181
497 "To manage the boot order and run-levels, we have to manage these links. "
498 "However, on many versions of Linux, there are tools to help with this task "
499 "(e.g: B<chkconfig>(8))."
503 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:181
505 msgid "Boot configuration"
509 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:190
511 "Usually the daemons started may optionally receive command-line options and "
512 "parameters. To allow system administrators to change these parameters "
513 "without editing the boot scripts themselves, configuration files are used. "
514 "These are located in a specific directory (I</etc/sysconfig> on Red Hat "
515 "systems) and are used by the boot scripts."
519 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:197
521 "In older UNIX systems, these files contained the actual command line options "
522 "for the daemons, but in modern Linux systems (and also in HP-UX), these "
523 "files just contain shell variables. The boot scripts in I</etc/init.d> "
524 "B<source> the configuration files, and then use the variable values."
528 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:197
534 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:202
535 msgid "I</etc/init.d/>, I</etc/rc[S0-6].d/>, I</etc/sysconfig/>"
539 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:208
540 msgid "B<inittab>(5), B<bootparam>(7), B<init>(8), B<runlevel>(8), B<shutdown>(8)"
544 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30
550 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30
556 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:33
557 msgid "bootparam - introduction to boot time parameters of the Linux kernel"
561 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:40
563 "The Linux kernel accepts certain 'command-line options' or 'boot time "
564 "parameters' at the moment it is started. In general this is used to supply "
565 "the kernel with information about hardware parameters that the kernel would "
566 "not be able to determine on its own, or to avoid/override the values that "
567 "the kernel would otherwise detect."
571 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:46
573 "When the kernel is booted directly by the BIOS (say from a floppy to which "
574 "you copied a kernel using 'cp zImage /dev/fd0'), you have no opportunity to "
575 "specify any parameters. So, in order to take advantage of this possibility "
576 "you have to use a boot loader that is able to pass parameters, such as GRUB."
579 #. The LILO program (LInux LOader) written by Werner Almesberger is the
580 #. most commonly used.
581 #. It has the ability to boot various kernels, and
582 #. stores the configuration information in a plain text file.
586 #. .BR lilo.conf (5).)
587 #. LILO can boot DOS, OS/2, Linux, FreeBSD, UnixWare, etc., and is quite flexible.
589 #. The other commonly used Linux loader is 'LoadLin', which is a DOS
590 #. program that has the capability to launch a Linux kernel from the DOS
591 #. prompt (with boot-args) assuming that certain resources are available.
592 #. This is good for people that want to launch Linux from DOS.
594 #. It is also very useful if you have certain hardware which relies on
595 #. the supplied DOS driver to put the hardware into a known state.
596 #. A common example is 'SoundBlaster Compatible' sound cards that require
597 #. the DOS driver to twiddle a few mystical registers to put the card
598 #. into a SB compatible mode.
599 #. Booting DOS with the supplied driver, and
600 #. then loading Linux from the DOS prompt with loadlin avoids the reset
601 #. of the card that happens if one rebooted instead.
603 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:70
605 msgid "The argument list"
609 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:74
611 "The kernel command line is parsed into a list of strings (boot arguments) "
612 "separated by spaces. Most of the boot arguments take have the form:"
616 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:78
618 msgid "name[=value_1][,value_2]...[,value_10]\n"
622 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:88
624 "where 'name' is a unique keyword that is used to identify what part of the "
625 "kernel the associated values (if any) are to be given to. Note the limit of "
626 "10 is real, as the present code handles only 10 comma separated parameters "
627 "per keyword. (However, you can reuse the same keyword with up to an "
628 "additional 10 parameters in unusually complicated situations, assuming the "
629 "setup function supports it.)"
633 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:95
635 "Most of the sorting is coded in the kernel source file I<init/main.c>. "
636 "First, the kernel checks to see if the argument is any of the special "
637 "arguments 'root=', \\&'nfsroot=', 'nfsaddrs=', 'ro', 'rw', 'debug' or "
638 "'init'. The meaning of these special arguments is described below."
642 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:106
644 "Then it walks a list of setup functions (contained in the bootsetups array) "
645 "to see if the specified argument string (such as 'foo') has been associated "
646 "with a setup function ('foo_setup()') for a particular device or part of the "
647 "kernel. If you passed the kernel the line foo=3,4,5,6 then the kernel would "
648 "search the bootsetups array to see if 'foo' was registered. If it was, then "
649 "it would call the setup function associated with 'foo' (foo_setup()) and "
650 "hand it the arguments 3, 4, 5 and 6 as given on the kernel command line."
654 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:112
656 "Anything of the form 'foo=bar' that is not accepted as a setup function as "
657 "described above is then interpreted as an environment variable to be set. A "
658 "(useless?) example would be to use 'TERM=vt100' as a boot argument."
662 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:128
664 "Any remaining arguments that were not picked up by the kernel and were not "
665 "interpreted as environment variables are then passed onto process one, which "
666 "is usually the B<init>(1) program. The most common argument that is passed "
667 "to the I<init> process is the word 'single' which instructs it to boot the "
668 "computer in single user mode, and not launch all the usual daemons. Check "
669 "the manual page for the version of B<init>(1) installed on your system to "
670 "see what arguments it accepts."
674 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:128
676 msgid "General non-device specific boot arguments"
680 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:129
682 msgid "B<'init=...'>"
686 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:141
688 "This sets the initial command to be executed by the kernel. If this is not "
689 "set, or cannot be found, the kernel will try I</sbin/init>, then "
690 "I</etc/init>, then I</bin/init>, then I</bin/sh> and panic if all of this "
695 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:141
697 msgid "B<'nfsaddrs=...'>"
701 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:145
703 "This sets the nfs boot address to the given string. This boot address is "
704 "used in case of a net boot."
708 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:145
710 msgid "B<'nfsroot=...'>"
714 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:152
716 "This sets the nfs root name to the given string. If this string does not "
717 "begin with '/' or ',' or a digit, then it is prefixed by \\&'/tftpboot/'. "
718 "This root name is used in case of a net boot."
722 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:152
728 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:165
730 "(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.) Some i387 coprocessor chips have "
731 "bugs that show up when used in 32 bit protected mode. For example, some of "
732 "the early ULSI-387 chips would cause solid lockups while performing "
733 "floating-point calculations. Using the 'no387' boot argument causes Linux "
734 "to ignore the maths coprocessor even if you have one. Of course you must "
735 "then have your kernel compiled with math emulation support!"
739 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:165
745 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:178
747 "(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.) Some of the early i486DX-100 "
748 "chips have a problem with the 'hlt' instruction, in that they can't reliably "
749 "return to operating mode after this instruction is used. Using the 'no-hlt' "
750 "instruction tells Linux to just run an infinite loop when there is nothing "
751 "else to do, and to not halt the CPU. This allows people with these broken "
752 "chips to use Linux."
756 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:178
758 msgid "B<'root=...'>"
762 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:188
764 "This argument tells the kernel what device is to be used as the root "
765 "filesystem while booting. The default of this setting is determined at "
766 "compile time, and usually is the value of the root device of the system that "
767 "the kernel was built on. To override this value, and select the second "
768 "floppy drive as the root device, one would use 'root=/dev/fd1'."
772 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:206
774 "The root device can be specified symbolically or numerically. A symbolic "
775 "specification has the form I</dev/XXYN>, where XX designates the device type "
776 "('hd' for ST-506 compatible hard disk, with Y in \\&'a'-'d'; 'sd' for SCSI "
777 "compatible disk, with Y in 'a'-'e'; \\&'ad' for Atari ACSI disk, with Y in "
778 "'a'-'e', \\&'ez' for a Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive, with "
779 "Y='a', \\&'xd' for XT compatible disk, with Y either 'a' or 'b'; 'fd' for "
780 "floppy disk, with Y the floppy drive number\\(emfd0 would be the DOS 'A:' "
781 "drive, and fd1 would be 'B:'), Y the driver letter or number, and N the "
782 "number (in decimal) of the partition on this device (absent in the case of "
783 "floppies). Recent kernels allow many other types, mostly for CD-ROMs: nfs, "
784 "ram, scd, mcd, cdu535, aztcd, cm206cd, gscd, sbpcd, sonycd, bpcd. (The type "
785 "nfs specifies a net boot; ram refers to a ram disk.)"
789 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:210
791 "Note that this has nothing to do with the designation of these devices on "
792 "your filesystem. The '/dev/' part is purely conventional."
796 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:217
798 "The more awkward and less portable numeric specification of the above "
799 "possible root devices in major/minor format is also accepted. (E.g., "
800 "I</dev/sda3> is major 8, minor 3, so you could use 'root=0x803' as an "
805 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:217
807 msgid "B<'rootfstype=...'>"
811 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:225
813 "The 'rootfstype' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem as if "
814 "it where of the type specified. This can be useful (for example) to mount "
815 "an ext3 filesystem as ext2 and then remove the journal in the root "
816 "filesystem, in fact reverting its format from ext3 to ext2 without the need "
817 "to boot the box from alternate media."
821 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:225
823 msgid "B<'ro'> and B<'rw'>"
827 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:235
829 "The 'ro' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem as 'read-only' "
830 "so that filesystem consistency check programs (fsck) can do their work on a "
831 "quiescent filesystem. No processes can write to files on the filesystem in "
832 "question until it is 'remounted' as read/write capable, for example, by "
833 "'mount -w -n -o remount /'. (See also B<mount>(8).)"
837 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:238
839 "The 'rw' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem read/write. "
840 "This is the default."
844 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:239
846 msgid "B<'resume=...'>"
850 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:243
852 "This tells the kernel the location of the suspend-to-disk data that you want "
853 "the machine to resume from after hibernation. Usually, it is the same as "
854 "your swap partition or file. Example:"
858 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:247
860 msgid "resume=/dev/hda2\n"
864 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:249
866 msgid "B<'reserve=...'>"
870 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:253
872 "This is used to protect I/O port regions from probes. The form of the "
877 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:257
879 msgid "B<reserve=>I<iobase,extent[,iobase,extent]...>\n"
883 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:266
885 "In some machines it may be necessary to prevent device drivers from checking "
886 "for devices (auto-probing) in a specific region. This may be because of "
887 "hardware that reacts badly to the probing, or hardware that would be "
888 "mistakenly identified, or merely hardware you don't want the kernel to "
893 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:271
895 "The reserve boot-time argument specifies an I/O port region that shouldn't "
896 "be probed. A device driver will not probe a reserved region, unless another "
897 "boot argument explicitly specifies that it do so."
901 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:273
902 msgid "For example, the boot line"
906 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:277
908 msgid "reserve=0x300,32 blah=0x300\n"
912 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:282
914 "keeps all device drivers except the driver for 'blah' from probing "
919 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:282
925 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:295
927 "The BIOS call defined in the PC specification that returns the amount of "
928 "installed memory was designed only to be able to report up to 64MB. Linux "
929 "uses this BIOS call at boot to determine how much memory is installed. If "
930 "you have more than 64MB of RAM installed, you can use this boot argument to "
931 "tell Linux how much memory you have. The value is in decimal or hexadecimal "
932 "(prefix 0x), and the suffixes 'k' (times 1024) or 'M' (times 1048576) can be "
933 "used. Here is a quote from Linus on usage of the 'mem=' parameter."
937 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:302
939 "The kernel will accept any 'mem=xx' parameter you give it, and if it turns "
940 "out that you lied to it, it will crash horribly sooner or later. The "
941 "parameter indicates the highest addressable RAM address, so "
942 "\\&'mem=0x1000000' means you have 16MB of memory, for example. For a 96MB "
943 "machine this would be 'mem=0x6000000'."
947 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:314
949 "B<NOTE>: some machines might use the top of memory for BIOS caching or "
950 "whatever, so you might not actually have up to the full 96MB addressable. "
951 "The reverse is also true: some chipsets will map the physical memory that is "
952 "covered by the BIOS area into the area just past the top of memory, so the "
953 "top-of-mem might actually be 96MB + 384kB for example. If you tell linux "
954 "that it has more memory than it actually does have, bad things will happen: "
955 "maybe not at once, but surely eventually."
959 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:319
961 "You can also use the boot argument 'mem=nopentium' to turn off 4 MB page "
962 "tables on kernels configured for IA32 systems with a pentium or newer CPU."
966 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:319
972 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:324
974 "By default the kernel will not reboot after a panic, but this option will "
975 "cause a kernel reboot after N seconds (if N is greater than zero). This "
976 "panic timeout can also be set by"
980 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:328
982 msgid "echo N E<gt> /proc/sys/kernel/panic\n"
986 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:330
988 msgid "B<'reboot=[warm|cold][,[bios|hard]]'>"
992 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:345
994 "(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.) Since 2.0.22 a reboot is by "
995 "default a cold reboot. One asks for the old default with 'reboot=warm'. (A "
996 "cold reboot may be required to reset certain hardware, but might destroy not "
997 "yet written data in a disk cache. A warm reboot may be faster.) By default "
998 "a reboot is hard, by asking the keyboard controller to pulse the reset line "
999 "low, but there is at least one type of motherboard where that doesn't work. "
1000 "The option 'reboot=bios' will instead jump through the BIOS."
1004 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:345
1006 msgid "B<'nosmp'> and B<'maxcpus=N'>"
1010 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:351
1012 "(Only when __SMP__ is defined.) A command-line option of 'nosmp' or "
1013 "'maxcpus=0' will disable SMP activation entirely; an option 'maxcpus=N' "
1014 "limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in SMP mode to N."
1018 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:351
1020 msgid "Boot arguments for use by kernel developers"
1024 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:352
1030 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:369
1032 "Kernel messages are handed off to the kernel log daemon klogd so that they "
1033 "may be logged to disk. Messages with a priority above I<console_loglevel> "
1034 "are also printed on the console. (For these levels, see "
1035 "I<E<lt>linux/kernel.hE<gt>>.) By default this variable is set to log "
1036 "anything more important than debug messages. This boot argument will cause "
1037 "the kernel to also print the messages of DEBUG priority. The console "
1038 "loglevel can also be set at run time via an option to klogd. See "
1043 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:369
1045 msgid "B<'profile=N'>"
1049 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:387
1051 "It is possible to enable a kernel profiling function, if one wishes to find "
1052 "out where the kernel is spending its CPU cycles. Profiling is enabled by "
1053 "setting the variable I<prof_shift> to a nonzero value. This is done either "
1054 "by specifying B<CONFIG_PROFILE> at compile time, or by giving the 'profile=' "
1055 "option. Now the value that I<prof_shift> gets will be N, when given, or "
1056 "B<CONFIG_PROFILE_SHIFT>, when that is given, or 2, the default. The "
1057 "significance of this variable is that it gives the granularity of the "
1058 "profiling: each clock tick, if the system was executing kernel code, a "
1059 "counter is incremented:"
1063 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:391
1065 msgid "profile[address E<gt>E<gt> prof_shift]++;\n"
1069 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:400
1071 "The raw profiling information can be read from I</proc/profile>. Probably "
1072 "you'll want to use a tool such as readprofile.c to digest it. Writing to "
1073 "I</proc/profile> will clear the counters."
1077 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:400
1079 msgid "B<'swap=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6,N7,N8'>"
1083 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:406
1085 "Set the eight parameters max_page_age, page_advance, page_decline, "
1086 "page_initial_age, age_cluster_fract, age_cluster_min, pageout_weight, "
1087 "bufferout_weight that control the kernel swap algorithm. For kernel tuners "
1092 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:406
1094 msgid "B<'buff=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6'>"
1098 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:412
1100 "Set the six parameters max_buff_age, buff_advance, buff_decline, "
1101 "buff_initial_age, bufferout_weight, buffermem_grace that control kernel "
1102 "buffer memory management. For kernel tuners only."
1106 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:412
1108 msgid "Boot arguments for ramdisk use"
1112 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:423
1114 "(Only if the kernel was compiled with B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM>.) In general it "
1115 "is a bad idea to use a ramdisk under Linux\\(emthe system will use available "
1116 "memory more efficiently itself. But while booting (or while constructing "
1117 "boot floppies) it is often useful to load the floppy contents into a "
1118 "ramdisk. One might also have a system in which first some modules (for "
1119 "filesystem or hardware) must be loaded before the main disk can be accessed."
1123 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:434
1125 "In Linux 1.3.48, ramdisk handling was changed drastically. Earlier, the "
1126 "memory was allocated statically, and there was a 'ramdisk=N' parameter to "
1127 "tell its size. (This could also be set in the kernel image at compile "
1128 "time.) These days ram disks use the buffer cache, and grow dynamically. "
1129 "For a lot of information in conjunction with the new ramdisk setup, see the "
1130 "kernel source file I<Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt> "
1131 "(I<Documentation/ramdisk.txt> in older kernels)."
1135 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:436
1136 msgid "There are four parameters, two boolean and two integral."
1140 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:436
1142 msgid "B<'load_ramdisk=N'>"
1146 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:441
1148 "If N=1, do load a ramdisk. If N=0, do not load a ramdisk. (This is the "
1153 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:441
1155 msgid "B<'prompt_ramdisk=N'>"
1159 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:447
1161 "If N=1, do prompt for insertion of the floppy. (This is the default.) If "
1162 "N=0, do not prompt. (Thus, this parameter is never needed.)"
1166 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:447
1168 msgid "B<'ramdisk_size=N'> or (obsolete) B<'ramdisk=N'>"
1172 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:451
1173 msgid "Set the maximal size of the ramdisk(s) to N kB. The default is 4096 (4 MB)."
1177 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:451
1179 msgid "B<'ramdisk_start=N'>"
1183 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:456
1185 "Sets the starting block number (the offset on the floppy where the ramdisk "
1186 "starts) to N. This is needed in case the ramdisk follows a kernel image."
1190 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:456
1192 msgid "B<'noinitrd'>"
1196 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:475
1198 "(Only if the kernel was compiled with B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM> and "
1199 "B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD>.) These days it is possible to compile the kernel "
1200 "to use initrd. When this feature is enabled, the boot process will load the "
1201 "kernel and an initial ramdisk; then the kernel converts initrd into a "
1202 "\"normal\" ramdisk, which is mounted read-write as root device; then "
1203 "I</linuxrc> is executed; afterward the \"real\" root filesystem is mounted, "
1204 "and the initrd filesystem is moved over to I</initrd>; finally the usual "
1205 "boot sequence (e.g., invocation of I</sbin/init>) is performed."
1209 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:478
1211 "For a detailed description of the initrd feature, see the kernel source file "
1212 "I<Documentation/initrd.txt>."
1216 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:486
1218 "The 'noinitrd' option tells the kernel that although it was compiled for "
1219 "operation with initrd, it should not go through the above steps, but leave "
1220 "the initrd data under I</dev/initrd>. (This device can be used only once: "
1221 "the data is freed as soon as the last process that used it has closed "
1226 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:486
1228 msgid "Boot arguments for SCSI devices"
1232 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:488
1233 msgid "General notation for this section:"
1237 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:493
1239 "I<iobase> -- the first I/O port that the SCSI host occupies. These are "
1240 "specified in hexadecimal notation, and usually lie in the range from 0x200 "
1245 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:501
1247 "I<irq> -- the hardware interrupt that the card is configured to use. Valid "
1248 "values will be dependent on the card in question, but will usually be 5, 7, "
1249 "9, 10, 11, 12, and 15. The other values are usually used for common "
1250 "peripherals like IDE hard disks, floppies, serial ports, and so on."
1254 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:509
1256 "I<scsi-id> -- the ID that the host adapter uses to identify itself on the "
1257 "SCSI bus. Only some host adapters allow you to change this value, as most "
1258 "have it permanently specified internally. The usual default value is 7, but "
1259 "the Seagate and Future Domain TMC-950 boards use 6."
1263 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:517
1265 "I<parity> -- whether the SCSI host adapter expects the attached devices to "
1266 "supply a parity value with all information exchanges. Specifying a one "
1267 "indicates parity checking is enabled, and a zero disables parity checking. "
1268 "Again, not all adapters will support selection of parity behavior as a boot "
1273 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:517
1275 msgid "B<'max_scsi_luns=...'>"
1279 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:528
1281 "A SCSI device can have a number of 'subdevices' contained within itself. "
1282 "The most common example is one of the new SCSI CD-ROMs that handle more than "
1283 "one disk at a time. Each CD is addressed as a \\&'Logical Unit Number' "
1284 "(LUN) of that particular device. But most devices, such as hard disks, tape "
1285 "drives and such are only one device, and will be assigned to LUN zero."
1289 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:534
1291 "Some poorly designed SCSI devices cannot handle being probed for LUNs not "
1292 "equal to zero. Therefore, if the compile-time flag B<CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUN> "
1293 "is not set, newer kernels will by default only probe LUN zero."
1297 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:540
1299 "To specify the number of probed LUNs at boot, one enters "
1300 "\\&'max_scsi_luns=n' as a boot arg, where n is a number between one and "
1301 "eight. To avoid problems as described above, one would use n=1 to avoid "
1302 "upsetting such broken devices."
1306 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:540
1308 msgid "B<SCSI tape configuration>"
1312 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:544
1314 "Some boot time configuration of the SCSI tape driver can be achieved by "
1315 "using the following:"
1319 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:548
1321 msgid "B<st=>I<buf_size[,write_threshold[,max_bufs]]>\n"
1325 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:563
1327 "The first two numbers are specified in units of kB. The default I<buf_size> "
1328 "is 32kB, and the maximum size that can be specified is a ridiculous "
1329 "16384kB. The I<write_threshold> is the value at which the buffer is "
1330 "committed to tape, with a default value of 30kB. The maximum number of "
1331 "buffers varies with the number of drives detected, and has a default of "
1332 "two. An example usage would be:"
1336 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:567
1338 msgid "st=32,30,2\n"
1342 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:575
1344 "Full details can be found in the file I<Documentation/scsi/st.txt> (or "
1345 "I<drivers/scsi/README.st> for older kernels) in the Linux kernel source."
1349 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:575
1351 msgid "B<Adaptec aha151x, aha152x, aic6260, aic6360, SB16-SCSI configuration>"
1355 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:579
1357 "The aha numbers refer to cards and the aic numbers refer to the actual SCSI "
1358 "chip on these type of cards, including the Soundblaster-16 SCSI."
1362 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:584
1364 "The probe code for these SCSI hosts looks for an installed BIOS, and if none "
1365 "is present, the probe will not find your card. Then you will have to use a "
1366 "boot argument of the form:"
1370 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:588
1372 msgid "B<aha152x=>I<iobase[,irq[,scsi-id[,reconnect[,parity]]]]>\n"
1376 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:593
1378 "If the driver was compiled with debugging enabled, a sixth value can be "
1379 "specified to set the debug level."
1383 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:599
1385 "All the parameters are as described at the top of this section, and the "
1386 "I<reconnect> value will allow device disconnect/reconnect if a nonzero value "
1387 "is used. An example usage is as follows:"
1391 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:603
1393 msgid "aha152x=0x340,11,7,1\n"
1397 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:609
1399 "Note that the parameters must be specified in order, meaning that if you "
1400 "want to specify a parity setting, then you will have to specify an iobase, "
1401 "irq, scsi-id and reconnect value as well."
1405 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:609
1407 msgid "B<Adaptec aha154x configuration>"
1411 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:617
1413 "The aha1542 series cards have an i82077 floppy controller onboard, while the "
1414 "aha1540 series cards do not. These are busmastering cards, and have "
1415 "parameters to set the \"fairness\" that is used to share the bus with other "
1416 "devices. The boot argument looks like the following."
1420 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:621
1422 msgid "B<aha1542=>I<iobase[,buson,busoff[,dmaspeed]]>\n"
1426 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:627
1428 "Valid iobase values are usually one of: 0x130, 0x134, 0x230, 0x234, 0x330, "
1429 "0x334. Clone cards may permit other values."
1433 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:635
1435 "The I<buson>, I<busoff> values refer to the number of microseconds that the "
1436 "card dominates the ISA bus. The defaults are 11us on, and 4us off, so that "
1437 "other cards (such as an ISA LANCE Ethernet card) have a chance to get access "
1442 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:646
1444 "The I<dmaspeed> value refers to the rate (in MB/s) at which the DMA (Direct "
1445 "Memory Access) transfers proceed. The default is 5MB/s. Newer revision "
1446 "cards allow you to select this value as part of the soft-configuration, "
1447 "older cards use jumpers. You can use values up to 10MB/s assuming that your "
1448 "motherboard is capable of handling it. Experiment with caution if using "
1449 "values over 5MB/s."
1453 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:646
1455 msgid "B<Adaptec aha274x, aha284x, aic7xxx configuration>"
1459 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:649
1460 msgid "These boards can accept an argument of the form:"
1464 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:653
1466 msgid "B<aic7xxx=>I<extended,no_reset>\n"
1470 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:664
1472 "The I<extended> value, if nonzero, indicates that extended translation for "
1473 "large disks is enabled. The I<no_reset> value, if nonzero, tells the driver "
1474 "not to reset the SCSI bus when setting up the host adapter at boot."
1478 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:664
1480 msgid "B<AdvanSys SCSI Hosts configuration ('advansys=')>"
1484 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:677
1486 "The AdvanSys driver can accept up to four I/O addresses that will be probed "
1487 "for an AdvanSys SCSI card. Note that these values (if used) do not effect "
1488 "EISA or PCI probing in any way. They are used only for probing ISA and VLB "
1489 "cards. In addition, if the driver has been compiled with debugging enabled, "
1490 "the level of debugging output can be set by adding an 0xdeb[0-f] parameter. "
1491 "The 0-f allows setting the level of the debugging messages to any of 16 "
1492 "levels of verbosity."
1496 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:677
1502 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:680 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:690 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:732 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:741 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:750 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:766 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:808 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:825 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:893 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:902 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1047 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1076 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1103 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1163 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1400 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1412 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1426 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1440 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1484 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1505 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1522 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1547 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1564
1507 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:684
1509 msgid "B<AM53C974=>I<host-scsi-id,target-scsi-id,max-rate,max-offset>\n"
1513 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:686
1515 msgid "B<BusLogic SCSI Hosts configuration ('BusLogic=')>"
1519 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:693
1521 msgid "B<BusLogic=>I<N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,S1,S2,...>\n"
1524 #. (lines 3149-3270 in the kernel version I am looking at).
1526 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:702
1528 "For an extensive discussion of the BusLogic command line parameters, see the "
1529 "kernel source file I<drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c>. The text below is a very "
1530 "much abbreviated extract."
1534 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:714
1536 "The parameters N1-N5 are integers. The parameters S1,... are strings. N1 "
1537 "is the I/O Address at which the Host Adapter is located. N2 is the Tagged "
1538 "Queue Depth to use for Target Devices that support Tagged Queuing. N3 is "
1539 "the Bus Settle Time in seconds. This is the amount of time to wait between "
1540 "a Host Adapter Hard Reset which initiates a SCSI Bus Reset and issuing any "
1541 "SCSI Commands. N4 is the Local Options (for one Host Adapter). N5 is the "
1542 "Global Options (for all Host Adapters)."
1546 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:720
1548 "The string options are used to provide control over Tagged Queuing "
1549 "(TQ:Default, TQ:Enable, TQ:Disable, TQ:E<lt>Per-Target-SpecE<gt>), over "
1550 "Error Recovery (ER:Default, ER:HardReset, ER:BusDeviceReset, ER:None, "
1551 "ER:E<lt>Per-Target-SpecE<gt>), and over Host Adapter Probing (NoProbe, "
1552 "NoProbeISA, NoSortPCI)."
1556 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:720
1558 msgid "B<EATA/DMA configuration>"
1562 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:723 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:884
1563 msgid "The default list of I/O ports to be probed can be changed by"
1567 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:727 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:888
1569 msgid "B<eata=>I<iobase,iobase,...>B<.>\n"
1573 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:729
1575 msgid "B<Future Domain TMC-16x0 configuration>"
1579 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:736
1581 msgid "B<fdomain=>I<iobase,irq[,adapter_id]>\n"
1585 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:738
1587 msgid "B<Great Valley Products (GVP) SCSI controller configuration>"
1591 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:745
1593 msgid "B<gvp11=>I<dma_transfer_bitmask>\n"
1597 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:747
1599 msgid "B<Future Domain TMC-8xx, TMC-950 configuration>"
1603 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:754
1605 msgid "B<tmc8xx=>I<mem_base,irq>\n"
1609 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:763 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:867
1611 "The I<mem_base> value is the value of the memory mapped I/O region that the "
1612 "card uses. This will usually be one of the following values: 0xc8000, "
1613 "0xca000, 0xcc000, 0xce000, 0xdc000, 0xde000."
1617 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:763
1619 msgid "B<IN2000 configuration>"
1623 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:770
1625 msgid "B<in2000=>I<S>\n"
1629 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:779
1631 "where S is a comma-separated string of items keyword[:value]. Recognized "
1632 "keywords (possibly with value) are: ioport:addr, noreset, nosync:x, "
1633 "period:ns, disconnect:x, debug:x, proc:x. For the function of these "
1634 "parameters, see the kernel source file I<drivers/scsi/in2000.c>."
1638 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:779
1640 msgid "B<NCR5380 and NCR53C400 configuration>"
1644 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:782
1645 msgid "The boot argument is of the form"
1649 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:786
1651 msgid "B<ncr5380=>I<iobase,irq,dma>\n"
1655 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:790
1660 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:794
1662 msgid "B<ncr53c400=>I<iobase,irq>\n"
1666 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:805
1668 "If the card doesn't use interrupts, then an IRQ value of 255 (0xff) will "
1669 "disable interrupts. An IRQ value of 254 means to autoprobe. More details "
1670 "can be found in the file I<Documentation/scsi/g_NCR5380.txt> (or "
1671 "I<drivers/scsi/README.g_NCR5380> for older kernels) in the Linux kernel "
1676 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:805
1678 msgid "B<NCR53C8xx configuration>"
1682 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:812
1684 msgid "B<ncr53c8xx=>I<S>\n"
1688 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:822
1690 "where S is a comma-separated string of items keyword:value. Recognized "
1691 "keywords are: mpar (master_parity), spar (scsi_parity), disc "
1692 "(disconnection), specf (special_features), ultra (ultra_scsi), fsn "
1693 "(force_sync_nego), tags (default_tags), sync (default_sync), verb (verbose), "
1694 "debug (debug), burst (burst_max). For the function of the assigned values, "
1695 "see the kernel source file I<drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c>."
1699 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:822
1701 msgid "B<NCR53c406a configuration>"
1705 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:829
1707 msgid "B<ncr53c406a=>I<iobase[,irq[,fastpio]]>\n"
1711 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:834
1713 "Specify irq = 0 for noninterrupt driven mode. Set fastpio = 1 for fast pio "
1714 "mode, 0 for slow mode."
1718 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:834
1720 msgid "B<Pro Audio Spectrum configuration>"
1724 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:839
1726 "The PAS16 uses a NC5380 SCSI chip, and newer models support jumperless "
1727 "configuration. The boot argument is of the form:"
1731 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:843
1733 msgid "B<pas16=>I<iobase,irq>\n"
1737 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:850
1739 "The only difference is that you can specify an IRQ value of 255, which will "
1740 "tell the driver to work without using interrupts, albeit at a performance "
1741 "loss. The iobase is usually 0x388."
1745 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:850
1747 msgid "B<Seagate ST-0x configuration>"
1751 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:854
1753 "If your card is not detected at boot time, you will then have to use a boot "
1754 "argument of the form:"
1758 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:858
1760 msgid "B<st0x=>I<mem_base,irq>\n"
1764 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:867
1766 msgid "B<Trantor T128 configuration>"
1770 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:871
1772 "These cards are also based on the NCR5380 chip, and accept the following "
1777 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:875
1779 msgid "B<t128=>I<mem_base,irq>\n"
1783 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:881
1785 "The valid values for I<mem_base> are as follows: 0xcc000, 0xc8000, 0xdc000, "
1790 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:881
1792 msgid "B<UltraStor 14F/34F configuration>"
1796 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:890
1798 msgid "B<WD7000 configuration>"
1802 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:897
1804 msgid "B<wd7000=>I<irq,dma,iobase>\n"
1808 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:899
1810 msgid "B<Commodore Amiga A2091/590 SCSI controller configuration>"
1814 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:906
1816 msgid "B<wd33c93=>I<S>\n"
1820 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:915
1822 "where S is a comma-separated string of options. Recognized options are "
1823 "nosync:bitmask, nodma:x, period:ns, disconnect:x, debug:x, clock:x, next. "
1824 "For details, see the kernel source file I<drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c>."
1828 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:915
1834 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:916
1836 msgid "B<IDE Disk/CD-ROM Driver Parameters>"
1840 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:921
1842 "The IDE driver accepts a number of parameters, which range from disk "
1843 "geometry specifications, to support for broken controller chips. "
1844 "Drive-specific options are specified by using 'hdX=' with X in 'a'-'h'."
1848 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:925
1850 "Non-drive-specific options are specified with the prefix 'hd='. Note that "
1851 "using a drive-specific prefix for a non-drive-specific option will still "
1852 "work, and the option will just be applied as expected."
1856 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:935
1858 "Also note that 'hd=' can be used to refer to the next unspecified drive in "
1859 "the (a, ..., h) sequence. For the following discussions, the 'hd=' option "
1860 "will be cited for brevity. See the file I<Documentation/ide.txt> (or "
1861 "I<drivers/block/README.ide> for older kernels) in the Linux kernel source "
1866 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:935
1868 msgid "B<The 'hd=cyls,heads,sects[,wpcom[,irq]]' options>"
1872 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:946
1874 "These options are used to specify the physical geometry of the disk. Only "
1875 "the first three values are required. The cylinder/head/sectors values will "
1876 "be those used by fdisk. The write precompensation value is ignored for IDE "
1877 "disks. The IRQ value specified will be the IRQ used for the interface that "
1878 "the drive resides on, and is not really a drive-specific parameter."
1882 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:946
1884 msgid "B<The 'hd=serialize' option>"
1888 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:954
1890 "The dual IDE interface CMD-640 chip is broken as designed such that when "
1891 "drives on the secondary interface are used at the same time as drives on the "
1892 "primary interface, it will corrupt your data. Using this option tells the "
1893 "driver to make sure that both interfaces are never used at the same time."
1897 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:954
1899 msgid "B<The 'hd=dtc2278' option>"
1903 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:959
1905 "This option tells the driver that you have a DTC-2278D IDE interface. The "
1906 "driver then tries to do DTC-specific operations to enable the second "
1907 "interface and to enable faster transfer modes."
1911 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:959
1913 msgid "B<The 'hd=noprobe' option>"
1917 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:963
1918 msgid "Do not probe for this drive. For example,"
1922 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:967
1924 msgid "hdb=noprobe hdb=1166,7,17\n"
1928 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:973
1930 "would disable the probe, but still specify the drive geometry so that it "
1931 "would be registered as a valid block device, and hence usable."
1935 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:973
1937 msgid "B<The 'hd=nowerr' option>"
1941 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:979
1943 "Some drives apparently have the B<WRERR_STAT> bit stuck on permanently. "
1944 "This enables a work-around for these broken devices."
1948 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:979
1950 msgid "B<The 'hd=cdrom' option>"
1954 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:985
1956 "This tells the IDE driver that there is an ATAPI compatible CD-ROM attached "
1957 "in place of a normal IDE hard disk. In most cases the CD-ROM is identified "
1958 "automatically, but if it isn't then this may help."
1962 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:985
1964 msgid "B<Standard ST-506 Disk Driver Options ('hd=')>"
1968 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:994
1970 "The standard disk driver can accept geometry arguments for the disks similar "
1971 "to the IDE driver. Note however that it expects only three values (C/H/S); "
1972 "any more or any less and it will silently ignore you. Also, it accepts only "
1973 "'hd=' as an argument, that is, 'hda=' and so on are not valid here. The "
1974 "format is as follows:"
1978 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:998
1980 msgid "hd=cyls,heads,sects\n"
1984 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1003
1986 "If there are two disks installed, the above is repeated with the geometry "
1987 "parameters of the second disk."
1991 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1003
1993 msgid "B<XT Disk Driver Options ('xd=')>"
1997 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1009
1999 "If you are unfortunate enough to be using one of these old 8 bit cards that "
2000 "move data at a whopping 125kB/s then here is the scoop. If the card is not "
2001 "recognized, you will have to use a boot argument of the form:"
2005 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1013
2007 msgid "xd=type,irq,iobase,dma_chan\n"
2010 #. 1.1.50, 1.3.81, 1.3.99, 2.0.34, 2.1.67, 2.1.78, 2.1.127
2012 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1031
2014 "The type value specifies the particular manufacturer of the card, overriding "
2015 "autodetection. For the types to use, consult the I<drivers/block/xd.c> "
2016 "source file of the kernel you are using. The type is an index in the list "
2017 "I<xd_sigs> and in the course of time types have been added to or deleted "
2018 "from the middle of the list, changing all type numbers. Today (Linux 2.5.0) "
2019 "the types are 0=generic; 1=DTC 5150cx; 2,3=DTC 5150x; 4,5=Western Digital; "
2020 "6,7,8=Seagate; 9=Omti; 10=XEBEC, and where here several types are given with "
2021 "the same designation, they are equivalent."
2025 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1038
2027 "The xd_setup() function does no checking on the values, and assumes that you "
2028 "entered all four values. Don't disappoint it. Here is an example usage for "
2029 "a WD1002 controller with the BIOS disabled/removed, using the 'default' XT "
2030 "controller parameters:"
2034 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1042
2036 msgid "xd=2,5,0x320,3\n"
2040 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1044
2042 msgid "B<Syquest's EZ* removable disks>"
2046 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1051
2048 msgid "B<ez=>I<iobase[,irq[,rep[,nybble]]]>\n"
2052 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1053
2054 msgid "IBM MCA bus devices"
2058 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1056
2059 msgid "See also the kernel source file I<Documentation/mca.txt>."
2063 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1056
2065 msgid "B<PS/2 ESDI hard disks>"
2069 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1059
2070 msgid "It is possible to specify the desired geometry at boot time:"
2074 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1063
2076 msgid "B<ed=>I<cyls,heads,sectors.>\n"
2080 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1067
2081 msgid "For a ThinkPad-720, add the option"
2085 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1071
2087 msgid "B<tp720=1>.\n"
2091 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1073
2093 msgid "B<IBM Microchannel SCSI Subsystem configuration>"
2097 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1080
2099 msgid "B<ibmmcascsi=>I<N>\n"
2103 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1086
2104 msgid "where N is the I<pun> (SCSI ID) of the subsystem."
2108 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1086
2110 msgid "B<The Aztech Interface>"
2114 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1089 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1205 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1214 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1229 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1238
2115 msgid "The syntax for this type of card is:"
2119 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1093
2121 msgid "aztcd=iobase[,magic_number]\n"
2125 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1100
2127 "If you set the magic_number to 0x79 then the driver will try and run anyway "
2128 "in the event of an unknown firmware version. All other values are ignored."
2132 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1100
2134 msgid "B<Parallel port CD-ROM drives>"
2138 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1108
2141 "pcd.driveN=prt,pro,uni,mod,slv,dly\n"
2146 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1117
2148 "where 'port' is the base address, 'pro' is the protocol number, 'uni' is the "
2149 "unit selector (for chained devices), 'mod' is the mode (or -1 to choose the "
2150 "best automatically), 'slv' is 1 if it should be a slave, and 'dly' is a "
2151 "small integer for slowing down port accesses. The 'nice' parameter controls "
2152 "the driver's use of idle CPU time, at the expense of some speed."
2156 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1117
2158 msgid "B<The CDU-31A and CDU-33A Sony Interface>"
2162 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1122
2164 "This CD-ROM interface is found on some of the Pro Audio Spectrum sound "
2165 "cards, and other Sony supplied interface cards. The syntax is as follows:"
2169 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1126
2171 msgid "cdu31a=iobase,[irq[,is_pas_card]]\n"
2175 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1134
2177 "Specifying an IRQ value of zero tells the driver that hardware interrupts "
2178 "aren't supported (as on some PAS cards). If your card supports interrupts, "
2179 "you should use them as it cuts down on the CPU usage of the driver."
2183 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1139
2185 "The I<is_pas_card> should be entered as 'PAS' if using a Pro Audio Spectrum "
2186 "card, and otherwise it should not be specified at all."
2190 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1139
2192 msgid "B<The CDU-535 Sony Interface>"
2196 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1142 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1154 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1178
2197 msgid "The syntax for this CD-ROM interface is:"
2201 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1146
2203 msgid "sonycd535=iobase[,irq]\n"
2207 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1151
2209 "A zero can be used for the I/O base as a 'placeholder' if one wishes to "
2210 "specify an IRQ value."
2214 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1151
2216 msgid "B<The GoldStar Interface>"
2220 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1158
2222 msgid "gscd=iobase\n"
2226 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1160
2228 msgid "B<The ISP16 CD-ROM Interface>"
2232 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1167
2234 msgid "isp16=[iobase[,irq[,dma[,type]]]]\n"
2238 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1175
2240 "(Three integers and a string.) If the type is given as 'noisp16', the "
2241 "interface will not be configured. Other recognized types are: 'Sanyo\", "
2242 "'Sony', 'Panasonic' and 'Mitsumi'."
2246 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1175
2248 msgid "B<The Mitsumi Standard Interface>"
2252 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1182
2254 msgid "mcd=iobase,[irq[,wait_value]]\n"
2258 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1192
2260 "The I<wait_value> is used as an internal timeout value for people who are "
2261 "having problems with their drive, and may or may not be implemented "
2262 "depending on a compile-time #define. The Mitsumi FX400 is an IDE/ATAPI "
2263 "CD-ROM player and does not use the mcd driver."
2267 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1192
2269 msgid "B<The Mitsumi XA/MultiSession Interface>"
2273 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1196
2275 "This is for the same hardware as above, but the driver has extended "
2280 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1200
2282 msgid "mcdx=iobase[,irq]\n"
2286 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1202
2288 msgid "B<The Optics Storage Interface>"
2292 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1209
2294 msgid "optcd=iobase\n"
2298 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1211
2300 msgid "B<The Phillips CM206 Interface>"
2304 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1218
2306 msgid "cm206=[iobase][,irq]\n"
2310 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1226
2312 "The driver assumes numbers between 3 and 11 are IRQ values, and numbers "
2313 "between 0x300 and 0x370 are I/O ports, so you can specify one, or both "
2314 "numbers, in any order. It also accepts 'cm206=auto' to enable autoprobing."
2318 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1226
2320 msgid "B<The Sanyo Interface>"
2324 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1233
2326 msgid "sjcd=iobase[,irq[,dma_channel]]\n"
2330 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1235
2332 msgid "B<The SoundBlaster Pro Interface>"
2336 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1242
2338 msgid "sbpcd=iobase,type\n"
2342 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1249
2344 "where type is one of the following (case sensitive) strings: "
2345 "\\&'SoundBlaster', 'LaserMate', or 'SPEA'. The I/O base is that of the "
2346 "CD-ROM interface, and not that of the sound portion of the card."
2350 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1249
2352 msgid "Ethernet devices"
2356 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1253
2358 "Different drivers make use of different parameters, but they all at least "
2359 "share having an IRQ, an I/O port base value, and a name. In its most "
2360 "generic form, it looks something like this:"
2364 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1257
2366 msgid "ether=irq,iobase[,param_1[,...param_8]],name\n"
2370 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1266
2372 "The first nonnumeric argument is taken as the name. The param_n values (if "
2373 "applicable) usually have different meanings for each different card/driver. "
2374 "Typical param_n values are used to specify things like shared memory "
2375 "address, interface selection, DMA channel and the like."
2379 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1270
2381 "The most common use of this parameter is to force probing for a second "
2382 "ethercard, as the default is to probe only for one. This can be "
2383 "accomplished with a simple:"
2387 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1274
2389 msgid "ether=0,0,eth1\n"
2393 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1279
2395 "Note that the values of zero for the IRQ and I/O base in the above example "
2396 "tell the driver(s) to autoprobe."
2400 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1285
2402 "The Ethernet-HowTo has extensive documentation on using multiple cards and "
2403 "on the card/driver-specific implementation of the param_n values where "
2404 "used. Interested readers should refer to the section in that document on "
2405 "their particular card."
2409 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1285
2411 msgid "The floppy disk driver"
2415 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1293
2417 "There are many floppy driver options, and they are all listed in "
2418 "I<Documentation/floppy.txt> (or I<drivers/block/README.fd> for older "
2419 "kernels) in the Linux kernel source. This information is taken directly "
2424 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1293
2426 msgid "B<floppy=mask,allowed_drive_mask>"
2430 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1303
2432 "Sets the bit mask of allowed drives to mask. By default, only units 0 and 1 "
2433 "of each floppy controller are allowed. This is done because certain "
2434 "nonstandard hardware (ASUS PCI motherboards) mess up the keyboard when "
2435 "accessing units 2 or 3. This option is somewhat obsoleted by the cmos "
2440 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1303
2442 msgid "B<floppy=all_drives>"
2446 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1308
2448 "Sets the bit mask of allowed drives to all drives. Use this if you have "
2449 "more than two drives connected to a floppy controller."
2453 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1308
2455 msgid "B<floppy=asus_pci>"
2459 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1312
2460 msgid "Sets the bit mask to allow only units 0 and 1. (The default)"
2464 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1312
2466 msgid "B<floppy=daring>"
2470 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1319
2472 "Tells the floppy driver that you have a well behaved floppy controller. "
2473 "This allows more efficient and smoother operation, but may fail on certain "
2474 "controllers. This may speed up certain operations."
2478 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1319
2480 msgid "B<floppy=0,daring>"
2484 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1323
2486 "Tells the floppy driver that your floppy controller should be used with "
2491 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1323
2493 msgid "B<floppy=one_fdc>"
2497 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1326
2498 msgid "Tells the floppy driver that you have only floppy controller (default)"
2502 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1326
2504 msgid "B<floppy=two_fdc> or B<floppy=address,two_fdc>"
2508 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1332
2510 "Tells the floppy driver that you have two floppy controllers. The second "
2511 "floppy controller is assumed to be at address. If address is not given, "
2516 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1332
2518 msgid "B<floppy=thinkpad>"
2522 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1337
2524 "Tells the floppy driver that you have a Thinkpad. Thinkpads use an inverted "
2525 "convention for the disk change line."
2529 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1337
2531 msgid "B<floppy=0,thinkpad>"
2535 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1340
2536 msgid "Tells the floppy driver that you don't have a Thinkpad."
2540 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1340
2542 msgid "B<floppy=drive,type,cmos>"
2546 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1351
2548 "Sets the cmos type of drive to type. Additionally, this drive is allowed in "
2549 "the bit mask. This is useful if you have more than two floppy drives (only "
2550 "two can be described in the physical cmos), or if your BIOS uses nonstandard "
2551 "CMOS types. Setting the CMOS to 0 for the first two drives (default) makes "
2552 "the floppy driver read the physical cmos for those drives."
2556 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1351
2558 msgid "B<floppy=unexpected_interrupts>"
2562 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1355
2564 "Print a warning message when an unexpected interrupt is received (default "
2569 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1355
2571 msgid "B<floppy=no_unexpected_interrupts> or B<floppy=L40SX>"
2575 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1363
2577 "Don't print a message when an unexpected interrupt is received. This is "
2578 "needed on IBM L40SX laptops in certain video modes. (There seems to be an "
2579 "interaction between video and floppy. The unexpected interrupts only affect "
2580 "performance, and can safely be ignored.)"
2584 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1363
2586 msgid "The sound driver"
2590 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1373
2592 "The sound driver can also accept boot arguments to override the compiled in "
2593 "values. This is not recommended, as it is rather complex. It is described "
2594 "in the Linux kernel source file I<Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS> "
2595 "(I<drivers/sound/Readme.linux> in older kernel versions). It accepts a boot "
2596 "argument of the form:"
2600 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1377
2602 msgid "sound=device1[,device2[,device3...[,device10]]]\n"
2606 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1382
2608 "where each deviceN value is of the following format 0xTaaaId and the bytes "
2609 "are used as follows:"
2613 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1385
2614 msgid "T - device type: 1=FM, 2=SB, 3=PAS, 4=GUS, 5=MPU401, 6=SB16, 7=SB16-MPU401"
2618 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1387
2619 msgid "aaa - I/O address in hex."
2623 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1389
2624 msgid "I - interrupt line in hex (i.e 10=a, 11=b, ...)"
2628 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1391
2629 msgid "d - DMA channel."
2633 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1396
2635 "As you can see it gets pretty messy, and you are better off to compile in "
2636 "your own personal values as recommended. Using a boot argument of "
2637 "\\&'sound=0' will disable the sound driver entirely."
2641 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1396
2643 msgid "ISDN drivers"
2647 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1397
2649 msgid "B<The ICN ISDN driver>"
2653 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1404
2655 msgid "icn=iobase,membase,icn_id1,icn_id2\n"
2659 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1409
2661 "where icn_id1,icn_id2 are two strings used to identify the card in kernel "
2666 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1409
2668 msgid "B<The PCBIT ISDN driver>"
2672 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1416
2674 msgid "pcbit=membase1,irq1[,membase2,irq2]\n"
2678 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1423
2680 "where membaseN is the shared memory base of the N'th card, and irqN is the "
2681 "interrupt setting of the N'th card. The default is IRQ 5 and membase "
2686 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1423
2688 msgid "B<The Teles ISDN driver>"
2692 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1430
2694 msgid "teles=iobase,irq,membase,protocol,teles_id\n"
2698 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1436
2700 "where iobase is the I/O port address of the card, membase is the shared "
2701 "memory base address of the card, irq is the interrupt channel the card uses, "
2702 "and teles_id is the unique ASCII string identifier."
2706 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1436
2708 msgid "Serial port drivers"
2712 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1437
2714 msgid "B<The RISCom/8 Multiport Serial Driver ('riscom8=')>"
2718 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1444
2720 msgid "riscom=iobase1[,iobase2[,iobase3[,iobase4]]]\n"
2724 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1449
2726 "More details can be found in the kernel source file "
2727 "I<Documentation/riscom8.txt>."
2731 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1449
2733 msgid "B<The DigiBoard Driver ('digi=')>"
2737 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1453
2738 msgid "If this option is used, it should have precisely six parameters. Syntax:"
2742 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1457
2744 msgid "digi=status,type,altpin,numports,iobase,membase\n"
2748 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1471
2750 "The parameters maybe given as integers, or as strings. If strings are used, "
2751 "then iobase and membase should be given in hexadecimal. The integer "
2752 "arguments (fewer may be given) are in order: status (Enable(1) or Disable(0) "
2753 "this card), type (PC/Xi(0), PC/Xe(1), PC/Xeve(2), PC/Xem(3)), altpin "
2754 "(Enable(1) or Disable(0) alternate pin arrangement), numports (number of "
2755 "ports on this card), iobase (I/O Port where card is configured (in HEX)), "
2756 "membase (base of memory window (in HEX)). Thus, the following two boot "
2757 "prompt arguments are equivalent:"
2761 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1476
2764 "digi=E,PC/Xi,D,16,200,D0000\n"
2765 "digi=1,0,0,16,0x200,851968\n"
2769 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1481
2771 "More details can be found in the kernel source file "
2772 "I<Documentation/digiboard.txt>."
2776 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1481
2778 msgid "B<The Baycom Serial/Parallel Radio Modem>"
2782 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1488
2784 msgid "baycom=iobase,irq,modem\n"
2788 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1502
2790 "There are precisely 3 parameters; for several cards, give several 'baycom=' "
2791 "commands. The modem parameter is a string that can take one of the values "
2792 "ser12, ser12*, par96, par96*. Here the * denotes that software DCD is to be "
2793 "used, and ser12/par96 chooses between the supported modem types. For more "
2794 "details, see the file I<Documentation/networking/baycom.txt> (or "
2795 "I<drivers/net/README.baycom> for older kernels) in the Linux kernel source."
2799 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1502
2801 msgid "B<Soundcard radio modem driver>"
2805 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1509
2807 msgid "soundmodem=iobase,irq,dma[,dma2[,serio[,pario]]],0,mode\n"
2811 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1517
2813 "All parameters except the last are integers; the dummy 0 is required because "
2814 "of a bug in the setup code. The mode parameter is a string with syntax "
2815 "hw:modem, where hw is one of sbc, wss, wssfdx and modem is one of afsk1200, "
2820 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1517
2822 msgid "The line printer driver"
2826 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1518
2832 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1529
2838 "lp=port[,port...]\n"
2842 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1537
2844 "You can tell the printer driver what ports to use and what ports not to "
2845 "use. The latter comes in handy if you don't want the printer driver to "
2846 "claim all available parallel ports, so that other drivers (e.g., PLIP, PPA) "
2847 "can use them instead."
2851 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1544
2853 "The format of the argument is multiple port names. For example, "
2854 "lp=none,parport0 would use the first parallel port for lp1, and disable "
2855 "lp0. To disable the printer driver entirely, one can use lp=0."
2859 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1544
2861 msgid "B<WDT500/501 driver>"
2865 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1551
2867 msgid "wdt=io,irq\n"
2871 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1553
2873 msgid "Mouse drivers"
2877 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1554
2879 msgid "B<'bmouse=irq'>"
2883 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1558
2885 "The busmouse driver accepts only one parameter, that being the hardware IRQ "
2890 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1558
2892 msgid "B<'msmouse=irq'>"
2896 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1561
2897 msgid "And precisely the same is true for the msmouse driver."
2901 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1561
2903 msgid "B<ATARI mouse setup>"
2907 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1568
2909 msgid "atamouse=threshold[,y-threshold]\n"
2913 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1576
2915 "If only one argument is given, it is used for both x-threshold and "
2916 "y-threshold. Otherwise, the first argument is the x-threshold, and the "
2917 "second the y-threshold. These values must lie between 1 and 20 (inclusive); "
2922 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1576
2924 msgid "Video hardware"
2928 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1577
2930 msgid "B<'no-scroll'>"
2934 #. Linus Torvalds (and many others)
2936 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1586
2938 "This option tells the console driver not to use hardware scroll (where a "
2939 "scroll is effected by moving the screen origin in video memory, instead of "
2940 "moving the data). It is required by certain Braille machines."
2944 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1589
2945 msgid "B<klogd>(8), B<mount>(8)"
2949 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1595
2951 "Large parts of this man page have been derived from the Boot Parameter HOWTO "
2952 "(version 1.0.1) written by Paul Gortmaker. More information may be found in "
2953 "this (or a more recent) HOWTO. An up-to-date source of information is the "
2954 "kernel source file I<Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt>."
2958 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:28
2964 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:28
2970 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:31
2971 msgid "reboot - reboot or enable/disable Ctrl-Alt-Del"
2975 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:36
2978 "/* For libc4 and libc5 the library call and the system call\n"
2979 " are identical, and since kernel version 2.1.30 there are\n"
2980 " symbolic names LINUX_REBOOT_* for the constants and a\n"
2981 " fourth argument to the call: */\n"
2985 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:38 build/C/man2/reboot.2:48 build/C/man2/sync.2:41
2986 msgid "B<#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>"
2990 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:40
2991 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/reboot.hE<gt>>"
2995 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:42
2997 "B<int reboot(int >I<magic>B<, int >I<magic2>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void "
3002 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:46
3005 "/* Under glibc some of the constants involved have gotten\n"
3006 " symbolic names RB_*, and the library call is a 1-argument\n"
3007 " wrapper around the 3-argument system call: */\n"
3011 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:50
3012 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/reboot.hE<gt>>"
3016 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:52
3017 msgid "B<int reboot(int >I<cmd>B<);>"
3021 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:59
3023 "The B<reboot>() call reboots the system, or enables/disables the reboot "
3024 "keystroke (abbreviated CAD, since the default is Ctrl-Alt-Delete; it can be "
3025 "changed using B<loadkeys>(1))."
3029 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:86
3031 "This system call will fail (with B<EINVAL>) unless I<magic> equals "
3032 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1> (that is, 0xfee1dead) and I<magic2> equals "
3033 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2> (that is, 672274793). However, since 2.1.17 also "
3034 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2A> (that is, 85072278) and since 2.1.97 also "
3035 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2B> (that is, 369367448) and since 2.5.71 also "
3036 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2C> (that is, 537993216) are permitted as value for "
3037 "I<magic2>. (The hexadecimal values of these constants are meaningful.) The "
3038 "I<cmd> argument can have the following values:"
3042 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:86
3044 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_OFF>"
3048 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:95
3050 "(RB_DISABLE_CAD, 0). CAD is disabled. This means that the CAD keystroke "
3051 "will cause a B<SIGINT> signal to be sent to init (process 1), whereupon this "
3052 "process may decide upon a proper action (maybe: kill all processes, sync, "
3057 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:95
3059 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_ON>"
3063 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:102
3065 "(RB_ENABLE_CAD, 0x89abcdef). CAD is enabled. This means that the CAD "
3066 "keystroke will immediately cause the action associated with "
3067 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART>."
3071 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:102
3073 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT>"
3077 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:110
3079 "(RB_HALT_SYSTEM, 0xcdef0123; since 1.1.76). The message \"System halted.\" "
3080 "is printed, and the system is halted. Control is given to the ROM monitor, "
3081 "if there is one. If not preceded by a B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
3085 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:110
3087 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3091 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:116
3093 "Execute a kernel that has been loaded earlier with B<kexec_load>(2). This "
3094 "option is available only if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC>."
3098 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:116
3100 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF>"
3104 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:124
3106 "(0x4321fedc; since 2.1.30). The message \"Power down.\" is printed, the "
3107 "system is stopped, and all power is removed from the system, if possible. "
3108 "If not preceded by a B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
3112 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:124
3114 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART>"
3118 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:132
3120 "(RB_AUTOBOOT, 0x1234567). The message \"Restarting system.\" is printed, "
3121 "and a default restart is performed immediately. If not preceded by a "
3122 "B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
3126 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:132
3128 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2>"
3132 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:142
3134 "(0xa1b2c3d4; since 2.1.30). The message \"Restarting system with command "
3135 "\\(aq%s\\(aq\" is printed, and a restart (using the command string given in "
3136 "I<arg>) is performed immediately. If not preceded by a B<sync>(2), data "
3141 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:145
3142 msgid "Only the superuser may call B<reboot>()."
3146 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:151
3148 "The precise effect of the above actions depends on the architecture. For "
3149 "the i386 architecture, the additional argument does not do anything at "
3150 "present (2.1.122), but the type of reboot can be determined by kernel "
3151 "command-line arguments (\"reboot=...\") to be either warm or cold, and "
3152 "either hard or through the BIOS."
3156 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:164
3158 "For the values of I<cmd> that stop or restart the system, a successful call "
3159 "to B<reboot>() does not return. For the other I<cmd> values, zero is "
3160 "returned on success. In all cases, -1 is returned on failure, and I<errno> "
3161 "is set appropriately."
3165 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:169
3166 msgid "Problem with getting user-space data under B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2>."
3170 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:172
3171 msgid "Bad magic numbers or I<cmd>."
3175 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:179
3177 "The calling process has insufficient privilege to call B<reboot>(); the "
3178 "B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability is required."
3182 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:183
3184 "B<reboot>() is Linux-specific, and should not be used in programs intended "
3189 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:190
3191 "B<sync>(2), B<bootparam>(7), B<capabilities>(7), B<ctrlaltdel>(8), "
3192 "B<halt>(8), B<reboot>(8)"
3196 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:36 build/C/man8/sync.8:10
3202 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:36
3208 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:39
3209 msgid "sync, syncfs - commit buffer cache to disk"
3213 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:43
3214 msgid "B<void sync(void);>"
3218 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:45
3219 msgid "B<int syncfs(int >I<fd>B<);>"
3223 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:49
3224 msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
3228 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:52
3233 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:56
3235 "_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ "
3236 "_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
3240 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:60
3241 msgid "B<syncfs>():"
3245 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:63
3250 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:69
3252 "B<sync>() causes all buffered modifications to file metadata and data to be "
3253 "written to the underlying filesystems."
3257 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:76
3259 "B<syncfs>() is like B<sync>(), but synchronizes just the filesystem "
3260 "containing file referred to by the open file descriptor I<fd>."
3264 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:82
3266 "B<syncfs>() returns 0 on success; on error, it returns -1 and sets I<errno> "
3267 "to indicate the error."
3271 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:85
3272 msgid "B<sync>() is always successful."
3276 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:88
3277 msgid "B<syncfs>() can fail for at least the following reason:"
3281 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:88
3287 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:92
3288 msgid "I<fd> is not a valid file descriptor."
3292 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:92
3298 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:96
3300 "B<syncfs>() first appeared in Linux 2.6.39; library support was added to "
3301 "glibc in version 2.14."
3305 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:99
3306 msgid "B<sync>(): SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001."
3310 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:102
3311 msgid "B<syncfs>() is Linux-specific."
3315 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:102 build/C/man8/sync.8:72
3321 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:111
3323 "Since glibc 2.2.2 the Linux prototype for B<sync>() is as listed above, "
3324 "following the various standards. In libc4, libc5, and glibc up to 2.2.1 it "
3325 "was \"int sync(void)\", and B<sync>() always returned 0."
3329 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:111
3335 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:119
3337 "According to the standard specification (e.g., POSIX.1-2001), B<sync>() "
3338 "schedules the writes, but may return before the actual writing is done. "
3339 "However, since version 1.3.20 Linux does actually wait. (This still does "
3340 "not guarantee data integrity: modern disks have large caches.)"
3344 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:125
3345 msgid "B<bdflush>(2), B<fdatasync>(2), B<fsync>(2), B<sync>(8), B<update>(8)"
3349 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:10
3355 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:10
3361 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:13
3362 msgid "sync - synchronize data on disk with memory"
3366 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:15
3367 msgid "B<sync [--help] [--version]>"
3371 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:26
3373 "B<sync> writes any data buffered in memory out to disk. This can include "
3374 "(but is not limited to) modified superblocks, modified inodes, and delayed "
3375 "reads and writes. This must be implemented by the kernel; The B<sync> "
3376 "program does nothing but exercise the B<sync>(2) system call."
3380 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:33
3382 "The kernel keeps data in memory to avoid doing (relatively slow) disk reads "
3383 "and writes. This improves performance, but if the computer crashes, data "
3384 "may be lost or the filesystem corrupted as a result. B<sync> ensures that "
3385 "everything in memory is written to disk."
3389 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:52
3391 "B<sync> should be called before the processor is halted in an unusual manner "
3392 "(e.g., before causing a kernel panic when debugging new kernel code). In "
3393 "general, the processor should be halted using the B<shutdown>(8) or "
3394 "B<reboot>(8) or B<halt>(8) commands, which will attempt to put the system "
3395 "in a quiescent state before calling B<sync>(2). (Various implementations of "
3396 "these commands exist; consult your documentation; on some systems one should "
3397 "not call B<reboot>(8) and B<halt>(8) directly.)"
3401 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:52
3407 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:53
3413 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:56
3414 msgid "Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully."
3418 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:56
3420 msgid "B<--version>"
3424 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:59
3425 msgid "Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully."
3429 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:59
3435 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:62
3436 msgid "Terminate option list."
3440 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:62
3446 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:70
3448 "The variables B<LANG>, B<LC_ALL>, B<LC_CTYPE>, and B<LC_MESSAGES> have the "
3453 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:72
3458 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:84
3460 "On Linux, B<sync> is guaranteed only to schedule the dirty blocks for "
3461 "writing; it can actually take a short time before all the blocks are finally "
3462 "written. The B<reboot>(8) and B<halt>(8) commands take this into account "
3463 "by sleeping for a few seconds after calling B<sync>(2)."
3467 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:89
3469 "This page describes B<sync> as found in the file\\%utils-4.0 package; other "
3470 "versions may differ slightly."
3474 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:94
3475 msgid "B<sync>(2), B<halt>(8), B<reboot>(8), B<update>(8)"