1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
9 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
10 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-04-25 05:36+0900\n"
11 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
12 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
13 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
20 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:4
26 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:4 build/C/man3/carg.3:4 build/C/man3/casin.3:4 build/C/man3/casinh.3:4 build/C/man3/ccos.3:4 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:4 build/C/man3/cexp.3:4 build/C/man3/cimag.3:4 build/C/man3/clog.3:4 build/C/man3/clog10.3:4 build/C/man3/conj.3:4 build/C/man3/cpow.3:4 build/C/man3/creal.3:4 build/C/man3/csin.3:4 build/C/man3/csinh.3:4 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:4 build/C/man3/ctan.3:4 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:4
32 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:4 build/C/man3/cacos.3:5 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:5 build/C/man3/carg.3:4 build/C/man3/casin.3:4 build/C/man3/casinh.3:4 build/C/man3/catan.3:5 build/C/man3/catanh.3:5 build/C/man3/ccos.3:4 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:4 build/C/man3/cerf.3:4 build/C/man3/cexp.3:4 build/C/man3/cexp2.3:4 build/C/man3/cimag.3:4 build/C/man3/clog.3:4 build/C/man3/clog10.3:4 build/C/man3/clog2.3:4 build/C/man7/complex.7:4 build/C/man3/conj.3:4 build/C/man3/cpow.3:4 build/C/man3/cproj.3:4 build/C/man3/creal.3:4 build/C/man3/csin.3:4 build/C/man3/csinh.3:4 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:4 build/C/man3/ctan.3:4 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:4
34 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
38 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:5 build/C/man3/cacos.3:6 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:6 build/C/man3/carg.3:5 build/C/man3/casin.3:5 build/C/man3/casinh.3:5 build/C/man3/catan.3:6 build/C/man3/catanh.3:6 build/C/man3/ccos.3:5 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:5 build/C/man3/cerf.3:5 build/C/man3/cexp.3:5 build/C/man3/cexp2.3:5 build/C/man3/cimag.3:5 build/C/man3/clog.3:5 build/C/man3/clog10.3:5 build/C/man3/clog2.3:5 build/C/man7/complex.7:5 build/C/man3/conj.3:5 build/C/man3/cpow.3:5 build/C/man3/cproj.3:5 build/C/man3/creal.3:5 build/C/man3/csin.3:5 build/C/man3/csinh.3:5 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:5 build/C/man3/ctan.3:5 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:5
44 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:7
45 msgid "cabs, cabsf, cabsl - absolute value of a complex number"
49 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:7 build/C/man3/cacos.3:8 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:8 build/C/man3/carg.3:7 build/C/man3/casin.3:7 build/C/man3/casinh.3:7 build/C/man3/catan.3:8 build/C/man3/catanh.3:8 build/C/man3/ccos.3:7 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:7 build/C/man3/cerf.3:7 build/C/man3/cexp.3:7 build/C/man3/cexp2.3:7 build/C/man3/cimag.3:7 build/C/man3/clog.3:7 build/C/man3/clog10.3:7 build/C/man3/clog2.3:7 build/C/man7/complex.7:7 build/C/man3/conj.3:7 build/C/man3/cpow.3:7 build/C/man3/cproj.3:7 build/C/man3/creal.3:7 build/C/man3/csin.3:7 build/C/man3/csinh.3:7 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:7 build/C/man3/ctan.3:7 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:7
55 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:9 build/C/man3/cacos.3:10 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:10 build/C/man3/carg.3:9 build/C/man3/casin.3:9 build/C/man3/casinh.3:9 build/C/man3/catan.3:10 build/C/man3/catanh.3:10 build/C/man3/ccos.3:9 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:9 build/C/man3/cerf.3:9 build/C/man3/cexp.3:9 build/C/man3/cexp2.3:9 build/C/man3/cimag.3:9 build/C/man3/clog.3:9 build/C/man3/clog10.3:11 build/C/man3/clog2.3:9 build/C/man7/complex.7:9 build/C/man3/conj.3:9 build/C/man3/cproj.3:9 build/C/man3/creal.3:9 build/C/man3/csin.3:9 build/C/man3/csinh.3:9 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:9 build/C/man3/ctan.3:9 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:9
56 msgid "B<#include E<lt>complex.hE<gt>>"
60 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:11
61 msgid "B<double cabs(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
65 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:13
66 msgid "B<float cabsf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
70 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:15
71 msgid "B<long double cabsl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
75 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:17 build/C/man3/cacos.3:18 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:18 build/C/man3/carg.3:17 build/C/man3/casin.3:17 build/C/man3/casinh.3:17 build/C/man3/catan.3:18 build/C/man3/catanh.3:18 build/C/man3/ccos.3:17 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:17 build/C/man3/cerf.3:23 build/C/man3/cexp.3:17 build/C/man3/cexp2.3:17 build/C/man3/cimag.3:17 build/C/man3/clog.3:17 build/C/man3/clog10.3:19 build/C/man3/conj.3:17 build/C/man3/cproj.3:17 build/C/man3/creal.3:17 build/C/man3/csin.3:17 build/C/man3/csinh.3:17 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:17 build/C/man3/ctan.3:17 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:17
76 msgid "Link with I<-lm>."
80 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:17 build/C/man3/cacos.3:18 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:18 build/C/man3/carg.3:17 build/C/man3/casin.3:17 build/C/man3/casinh.3:17 build/C/man3/catan.3:18 build/C/man3/catanh.3:18 build/C/man3/ccos.3:17 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:17 build/C/man3/cerf.3:23 build/C/man3/cexp.3:17 build/C/man3/cexp2.3:17 build/C/man3/cimag.3:17 build/C/man3/clog.3:17 build/C/man3/clog10.3:19 build/C/man3/clog2.3:17 build/C/man7/complex.7:9 build/C/man3/conj.3:17 build/C/man3/cpow.3:20 build/C/man3/cproj.3:17 build/C/man3/creal.3:17 build/C/man3/csin.3:17 build/C/man3/csinh.3:17 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:17 build/C/man3/ctan.3:17 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:17
86 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:23
88 "The B<cabs>() function returns the absolute value of the complex number "
89 "I<z>. The result is a real number."
93 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:23 build/C/man3/cacos.3:33 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:36 build/C/man3/carg.3:45 build/C/man3/casin.3:32 build/C/man3/casinh.3:32 build/C/man3/catan.3:31 build/C/man3/catanh.3:33 build/C/man3/ccos.3:23 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:23 build/C/man3/cexp.3:27 build/C/man3/cimag.3:28 build/C/man3/clog.3:36 build/C/man3/clog10.3:32 build/C/man3/conj.3:29 build/C/man3/cpow.3:28 build/C/man3/cproj.3:27 build/C/man3/creal.3:28 build/C/man3/csin.3:23 build/C/man3/csinh.3:23 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:24 build/C/man3/ctan.3:23 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:24
99 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:25 build/C/man3/cacos.3:35 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:38 build/C/man3/carg.3:47 build/C/man3/casin.3:34 build/C/man3/casinh.3:34 build/C/man3/catan.3:33 build/C/man3/catanh.3:35 build/C/man3/ccos.3:25 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:25 build/C/man3/cexp.3:29 build/C/man3/cimag.3:30 build/C/man3/clog.3:38 build/C/man3/clog10.3:34 build/C/man3/conj.3:31 build/C/man3/cpow.3:30 build/C/man3/cproj.3:29 build/C/man3/creal.3:30 build/C/man3/csin.3:25 build/C/man3/csinh.3:25 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:26 build/C/man3/ctan.3:25 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:26
100 msgid "These functions first appeared in glibc in version 2.1."
104 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:25 build/C/man3/cacos.3:35 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:38 build/C/man3/carg.3:47 build/C/man3/casin.3:34 build/C/man3/casinh.3:34 build/C/man3/catan.3:33 build/C/man3/catanh.3:35 build/C/man3/ccos.3:25 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:25 build/C/man3/cerf.3:32 build/C/man3/cexp.3:29 build/C/man3/cexp2.3:20 build/C/man3/cimag.3:30 build/C/man3/clog.3:38 build/C/man3/clog10.3:34 build/C/man3/clog2.3:31 build/C/man3/conj.3:31 build/C/man3/cpow.3:30 build/C/man3/cproj.3:29 build/C/man3/creal.3:30 build/C/man3/csin.3:25 build/C/man3/csinh.3:25 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:26 build/C/man3/ctan.3:25 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:26
106 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
110 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:27 build/C/man3/cacos.3:37 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:40 build/C/man3/carg.3:49 build/C/man3/casin.3:36 build/C/man3/casinh.3:36 build/C/man3/catan.3:35 build/C/man3/catanh.3:37 build/C/man3/ccos.3:27 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:27 build/C/man3/cexp.3:31 build/C/man3/cimag.3:32 build/C/man3/clog.3:40 build/C/man3/conj.3:33 build/C/man3/cpow.3:32 build/C/man3/cproj.3:31 build/C/man3/creal.3:32 build/C/man3/csin.3:27 build/C/man3/csinh.3:27 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:28 build/C/man3/ctan.3:27 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:28
115 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:27 build/C/man3/cimag.3:32 build/C/man3/cproj.3:31 build/C/man3/creal.3:32
121 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:32
123 "The function is actually an alias for I<hypot(a,\\ b)> (or, equivalently, "
124 "I<sqrt(a*a\\ +\\ b*b)>)."
128 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:32 build/C/man3/cacos.3:70 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:70 build/C/man3/carg.3:49 build/C/man3/casin.3:36 build/C/man3/casinh.3:36 build/C/man3/catan.3:66 build/C/man3/catanh.3:67 build/C/man3/ccos.3:27 build/C/man3/ccosh.3:27 build/C/man3/cerf.3:37 build/C/man3/cexp.3:31 build/C/man3/cexp2.3:25 build/C/man3/cimag.3:35 build/C/man3/clog.3:40 build/C/man3/clog10.3:37 build/C/man3/clog2.3:36 build/C/man7/complex.7:52 build/C/man3/conj.3:33 build/C/man3/cpow.3:32 build/C/man3/cproj.3:35 build/C/man3/creal.3:35 build/C/man3/csin.3:27 build/C/man3/csinh.3:27 build/C/man3/csqrt.3:28 build/C/man3/ctan.3:27 build/C/man3/ctanh.3:28
134 #: build/C/man3/cabs.3:36
135 msgid "B<abs>(3), B<cimag>(3), B<hypot>(3), B<complex>(7)"
139 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:5
145 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:5 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:5 build/C/man3/catan.3:5 build/C/man3/catanh.3:5
151 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:8
152 msgid "cacos, cacosf, cacosl - complex arc cosine"
156 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:12
157 msgid "B<double complex cacos(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
161 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:14
162 msgid "B<float complex cacosf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
166 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:16
167 msgid "B<long double complex cacosl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
171 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:27
173 "The B<cacos>() function calculates the complex arc cosine of I<z>. If "
174 "I<y\\ =\\ cacos(z)>, then I<z\\ =\\ ccos(y)>. The real part of I<y> is "
175 "chosen in the interval [0,pi]."
179 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:29 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:32 build/C/man3/carg.3:39 build/C/man3/casin.3:28 build/C/man3/casinh.3:28 build/C/man3/catan.3:27 build/C/man3/catanh.3:29 build/C/man3/cexp.3:23 build/C/man3/cimag.3:24 build/C/man3/clog.3:28 build/C/man3/conj.3:25 build/C/man3/creal.3:24
184 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:32
186 msgid " cacos(z) = -i * clog(z + i * csqrt(1 - z * z))\n"
190 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:37 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:40 build/C/man3/catan.3:35 build/C/man3/catanh.3:37 build/C/man7/complex.7:33
196 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:40 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:43 build/C/man3/catan.3:38 build/C/man3/catanh.3:40
198 msgid "/* Link with \"-lm\" */\n"
202 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:45 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:48 build/C/man3/catan.3:43 build/C/man3/catanh.3:45
205 "#include E<lt>complex.hE<gt>\n"
206 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
207 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
208 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
212 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:51 build/C/man3/catan.3:49
216 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
218 " double complex z, c, f;\n"
219 " double complex i = I;\n"
223 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:56 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:58 build/C/man3/catan.3:54 build/C/man3/catanh.3:55
226 " if (argc != 3) {\n"
227 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>realE<gt> E<lt>imagE<gt>\\en\", "
229 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
234 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:58 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:60 build/C/man3/catan.3:56 build/C/man3/catanh.3:57
236 msgid " z = atof(argv[1]) + atof(argv[2]) * I;\n"
240 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:60
242 msgid " c = cacos(z);\n"
246 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:62
248 msgid " printf(\"cacos() = %6.3f %6.3f*i\\en\", creal(c), cimag(c));\n"
252 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:64
254 msgid " f = -i * clog(z + i * csqrt(1 - z * z));\n"
258 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:66
260 msgid " printf(\"formula = %6.3f %6.3f*i\\en\", creal(f), cimag(f));\n"
264 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:69 build/C/man3/cacosh.3:69 build/C/man3/catan.3:65 build/C/man3/catanh.3:66
267 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
272 #: build/C/man3/cacos.3:73
273 msgid "B<ccos>(3), B<clog>(3), B<complex>(7)"
277 #: build/C/man3/cacosh.3:5
283 #: build/C/man3/cacosh.3:8
284 msgid "cacosh, cacoshf, cacoshl - complex arc hyperbolic cosine"
288 #: build/C/man3/cacosh.3:12
289 msgid "B<double complex cacosh(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
293 #: build/C/man3/cacosh.3:14
294 msgid "B<float complex cacoshf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
298 #: build/C/man3/cacosh.3:16
299 msgid "B<long double complex cacoshl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
303 #: build/C/man3/cacosh.3:30
305 "The B<cacosh>() function calculates the complex arc hyperpolic cosine of "
306 "I<z>. If I<y\\ =\\ cacosh(z)>, then I<z\\ =\\ ccosh(y)>. The imaginary "
307 "part of I<y> is chosen in the interval [-pi,pi]. The real part of I<y> is "
308 "chosen nonnegative."
312 #: build/C/man3/cacosh.3:35
314 msgid " cacosh(z) = 2 * clog(csqrt((z + 1) / 2) + csqrt((z - 1) / 2))\n"
318 #: build/C/man3/cacosh.3:53 build/C/man3/catanh.3:50
322 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
324 " double complex z, c, f;\n"
328 #: build/C/man3/cacosh.3:63
332 " printf(\"cacosh() = %6.3f %6.3f*i\\en\", creal(c), cimag(c));\n"
336 #: build/C/man3/cacosh.3:66
339 " f = 2 * clog(csqrt((z + 1)/2) + csqrt((z - 1)/2));\n"
340 " printf(\"formula = %6.3f %6.3f*i\\en\", creal(f2), cimag(f2));\n"
344 #: build/C/man3/cacosh.3:75
345 msgid "B<acosh>(3), B<cabs>(3), B<ccosh>(3), B<cimag>(3), B<complex>(7)"
349 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:4
355 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:7
356 msgid "carg, cargf, cargl - calculate the complex argument"
360 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:11
361 msgid "B<double carg(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
365 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:13
366 msgid "B<float cargf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
370 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:15
371 msgid "B<long double cargl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
375 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:20
377 "A complex number can be described by two real coordinates. One may use "
378 "rectangular coordinates and gets"
382 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:23
384 msgid " z = x + I * y\n"
388 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:26
389 msgid "where I<x\\ =\\ creal(z)> and I<y\\ =\\ cimag(z)>."
393 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:28
394 msgid "Or one may use polar coordinates and gets"
398 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:31
400 msgid " z = r * cexp(I * a)\n"
404 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:37
406 "where I<r\\ =\\ cabs(z)> is the \"radius\", the \"modulus\", the absolute "
407 "value of I<z>, and I<a\\ =\\ carg(z)> is the \"phase angle\", the argument "
412 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:42
414 msgid " tan(carg(z)) = cimag(z) / creal(z)\n"
418 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:43
424 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:45
425 msgid "The return value is the range of [-pi,pi]."
429 #: build/C/man3/carg.3:51 build/C/man3/cproj.3:37
430 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<complex>(7)"
434 #: build/C/man3/casin.3:4
440 #: build/C/man3/casin.3:7
441 msgid "casin, casinf, casinl - complex arc sine"
445 #: build/C/man3/casin.3:11
446 msgid "B<double complex casin(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
450 #: build/C/man3/casin.3:13
451 msgid "B<float complex casinf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
455 #: build/C/man3/casin.3:15
456 msgid "B<long double complex casinl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
460 #: build/C/man3/casin.3:26
462 "The B<casin>() function calculates the complex arc sine of I<z>. If I<y\\ "
463 "=\\ casin(z)>, then I<z\\ =\\ csin(y)>. The real part of I<y> is chosen in "
464 "the interval [-pi/2,pi/2]."
468 #: build/C/man3/casin.3:31
470 msgid " casin(z) = -i clog(iz + csqrt(1 - z * z))\n"
474 #: build/C/man3/casin.3:39
475 msgid "B<clog>(3), B<csin>(3), B<complex>(7)"
479 #: build/C/man3/casinh.3:4
485 #: build/C/man3/casinh.3:7
486 msgid "casinh, casinhf, casinhl - complex arc sine hyperbolic"
490 #: build/C/man3/casinh.3:11
491 msgid "B<double complex casinh(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
495 #: build/C/man3/casinh.3:13
496 msgid "B<float complex casinhf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
500 #: build/C/man3/casinh.3:15
501 msgid "B<long double complex casinhl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
505 #: build/C/man3/casinh.3:26
507 "The B<casinh>() function calculates the complex arc hyperbolic sine of "
508 "I<z>. If I<y\\ =\\ casinh(z)>, then I<z\\ =\\ csinh(y)>. The imaginary "
509 "part of I<y> is chosen in the interval [-pi/2,pi/2]."
513 #: build/C/man3/casinh.3:31
515 msgid " casinh(z) = clog(z + csqrt(z * z + 1))\n"
519 #: build/C/man3/casinh.3:41
520 msgid "B<asinh>(3), B<cabs>(3), B<cimag>(3), B<csinh>(3), B<complex>(7)"
524 #: build/C/man3/catan.3:5
530 #: build/C/man3/catan.3:8
531 msgid "catan, catanf, catanl - complex arc tangents"
535 #: build/C/man3/catan.3:12
536 msgid "B<double complex catan(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
540 #: build/C/man3/catan.3:14
541 msgid "B<float complex catanf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
545 #: build/C/man3/catan.3:16
546 msgid "B<long double complex catanl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
550 #: build/C/man3/catan.3:25
552 "The B<catan>() function calculates the complex arc tangent of I<z>. If "
553 "I<y\\ =\\ catan(z)>, then I<z\\ =\\ ctan(y)>. The real part of y is chosen "
554 "in the interval [-pi/2,pi/2]."
558 #: build/C/man3/catan.3:30
560 msgid " catan(z) = (clog(1 + i * z) - clog(1 - i * z)) / (2 * i)\n"
564 #: build/C/man3/catan.3:59
568 " printf(\"catan() = %6.3f %6.3f*i\\en\", creal(c), cimag(c));\n"
572 #: build/C/man3/catan.3:62
575 " f = (clog(1 + i * z) - clog(1 - i * z)) / (2 * i);\n"
576 " printf(\"formula = %6.3f %6.3f*i\\en\", creal(f2), cimag(f2));\n"
580 #: build/C/man3/catan.3:70
581 msgid "B<ccos>(3), B<clog>(3), B<ctan>(3), B<complex>(7)"
585 #: build/C/man3/catanh.3:5
591 #: build/C/man3/catanh.3:8
592 msgid "catanh, catanhf, catanhl - complex arc tangents hyperbolic"
596 #: build/C/man3/catanh.3:12
597 msgid "B<double complex catanh(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
601 #: build/C/man3/catanh.3:14
602 msgid "B<float complex catanhf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
606 #: build/C/man3/catanh.3:16
607 msgid "B<long double complex catanhl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
611 #: build/C/man3/catanh.3:27
613 "The B<catanh>() function calculates the complex arc hyperbolic tangent of "
614 "I<z>. If I<y\\ =\\ catanh(z)>, then I<z\\ =\\ ctanh(y)>. The imaginary "
615 "part of I<y> is chosen in the interval [-pi/2,pi/2]."
619 #: build/C/man3/catanh.3:32
621 msgid " catanh(z) = 0.5 * (clog(1 + z) - clog(1 - z))\n"
625 #: build/C/man3/catanh.3:60
629 " printf(\"catanh() = %6.3f %6.3f*i\\en\", creal(c), cimag(c));\n"
633 #: build/C/man3/catanh.3:63
636 " f = 0.5 * (clog(1 + z) - clog(1 - z));\n"
637 " printf(\"formula = %6.3f %6.3f*i\\en\", creal(f2), cimag(f2));\n"
641 #: build/C/man3/catanh.3:72
642 msgid "B<atanh>(3), B<cabs>(3), B<cimag>(3), B<ctanh>(3), B<complex>(7)"
646 #: build/C/man3/ccos.3:4
652 #: build/C/man3/ccos.3:7
653 msgid "ccos, ccosf, ccosl - complex cosine function"
657 #: build/C/man3/ccos.3:11
658 msgid "B<double complex ccos(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
662 #: build/C/man3/ccos.3:13
663 msgid "B<float complex ccosf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
667 #: build/C/man3/ccos.3:15
668 msgid "B<long double complex ccosl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
672 #: build/C/man3/ccos.3:19
673 msgid "The complex cosine function is defined as:"
677 #: build/C/man3/ccos.3:22
679 msgid " ccos(z) = (exp(i * z) + exp(-i * z)) / 2\n"
683 #: build/C/man3/ccos.3:32
684 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<cacos>(3), B<csin>(3), B<ctan>(3), B<complex>(7)"
688 #: build/C/man3/ccosh.3:4
694 #: build/C/man3/ccosh.3:7
695 msgid "ccosh, ccoshf, ccoshl - complex hyperbolic cosine"
699 #: build/C/man3/ccosh.3:11
700 msgid "B<double complex ccosh(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
704 #: build/C/man3/ccosh.3:13
705 msgid "B<float complex ccoshf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
709 #: build/C/man3/ccosh.3:15
710 msgid "B<long double complex ccoshl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
714 #: build/C/man3/ccosh.3:19
715 msgid "The complex hyperbolic cosine function is defined as:"
719 #: build/C/man3/ccosh.3:22
721 msgid " ccosh(z) = (exp(z)+exp(-z))/2\n"
725 #: build/C/man3/ccosh.3:32
726 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<cacosh>(3), B<csinh>(3), B<ctanh>(3), B<complex>(7)"
730 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:4
736 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:4
742 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:7
743 msgid "cerf, cerff, cerfl, cerfc, cerfcf, cerfcl - complex error function"
747 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:11
748 msgid "B<double complex cerf(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
752 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:13
753 msgid "B<float complex cerff(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
757 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:15
758 msgid "B<long double complex cerfl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
762 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:17
763 msgid "B<double complex cerfc(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
767 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:19
768 msgid "B<float complex cerfcf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
772 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:21
773 msgid "B<long double complex cerfcl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
776 #. must check 1/sqrt(2*pi) ?
778 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:32
780 "The (unimplemented) function B<cerf>() is the complex version of the error "
781 "function. erf(z) = 2/sqrt(pi) * integral from 0 to z of exp(-t*t) dt. The "
782 "function B<cerfc>() is defined as cerfc(z) = 1-cerf(z)."
786 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:34
787 msgid "The function names are reserved for future use in C99."
791 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:34 build/C/man3/cexp2.3:22 build/C/man3/clog2.3:33
796 #. But reserved in NAMESPACE.
798 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:37
799 msgid "Not yet in glibc, as at version 2.12."
803 #: build/C/man3/cerf.3:39
804 msgid "B<erf>(3), B<complex>(7)"
808 #: build/C/man3/cexp.3:4
814 #: build/C/man3/cexp.3:7
815 msgid "cexp, cexpf, cexpl - complex exponential function"
819 #: build/C/man3/cexp.3:11
820 msgid "B<double complex cexp(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
824 #: build/C/man3/cexp.3:13
825 msgid "B<float complex cexpf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
829 #: build/C/man3/cexp.3:15
830 msgid "B<long double complex cexpl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
834 #: build/C/man3/cexp.3:21
836 "The function calculates e (2.71828..., the base of natural logarithms) "
837 "raised to the power of I<z>."
841 #: build/C/man3/cexp.3:26
843 msgid " cexp(I * z) = ccos(z) + I * csin(z)\n"
847 #: build/C/man3/cexp.3:36
848 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<cexp2>(3), B<clog>(3), B<cpow>(3), B<complex>(7)"
852 #: build/C/man3/cexp2.3:4
858 #: build/C/man3/cexp2.3:4 build/C/man3/clog2.3:4
864 #: build/C/man3/cexp2.3:7
865 msgid "cexp2, cexp2f, cexp2l - base-2 exponent of a complex number"
869 #: build/C/man3/cexp2.3:11
870 msgid "B<double complex cexp2(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
874 #: build/C/man3/cexp2.3:13
875 msgid "B<float complex cexp2f(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
879 #: build/C/man3/cexp2.3:15
880 msgid "B<long double complex cexp2l(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
884 #: build/C/man3/cexp2.3:20
885 msgid "The function returns 2 raised to the power of I<z>."
889 #: build/C/man3/cexp2.3:22 build/C/man3/clog2.3:33
890 msgid "These function names are reserved for future use in C99."
893 #. But reserved in NAMESPACE.
895 #: build/C/man3/cexp2.3:25 build/C/man3/clog2.3:36
896 msgid "Not yet in glibc, as at version 2.8."
900 #: build/C/man3/cexp2.3:29
901 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<cexp>(3), B<clog10>(3), B<complex>(7)"
905 #: build/C/man3/cimag.3:4
911 #: build/C/man3/cimag.3:7
912 msgid "cimag, cimagf, cimagl - get imaginary part of a complex number"
916 #: build/C/man3/cimag.3:11
917 msgid "B<double cimag(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
921 #: build/C/man3/cimag.3:13
922 msgid "B<float cimagf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
926 #: build/C/man3/cimag.3:15
927 msgid "B<long double cimagl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
931 #: build/C/man3/cimag.3:22
933 "The B<cimag>() function returns the imaginary part of the complex number "
938 #: build/C/man3/cimag.3:27 build/C/man3/creal.3:27
940 msgid " z = creal(z) + I * cimag(z)\n"
944 #: build/C/man3/cimag.3:35
945 msgid "gcc also supports __imag__. That is a GNU extension."
949 #: build/C/man3/cimag.3:38
950 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<creal>(3), B<complex>(7)"
954 #: build/C/man3/clog.3:4
960 #: build/C/man3/clog.3:7
961 msgid "clog, clogf, clogl - natural logarithm of a complex number"
965 #: build/C/man3/clog.3:11
966 msgid "B<double complex clog(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
970 #: build/C/man3/clog.3:13
971 msgid "B<float complex clogf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
975 #: build/C/man3/clog.3:15
976 msgid "B<long double complex clogl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
980 #: build/C/man3/clog.3:26
982 "The logarithm B<clog>() is the inverse function of the exponential "
983 "B<cexp>(3). Thus, if I<y\\ =\\ clog(z)>, then I<z\\ =\\ cexp(y)>. The "
984 "imaginary part of I<y> is chosen in the interval [-pi,pi]."
988 #: build/C/man3/clog.3:31
990 msgid " clog(z) = log(cabs(z)) + I * carg(z)\n"
994 #: build/C/man3/clog.3:36 build/C/man3/clog10.3:32 build/C/man3/clog2.3:31
995 msgid "Note that I<z> close to zero will cause an overflow."
999 #: build/C/man3/clog.3:45
1000 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<cexp>(3), B<clog10>(3), B<clog2>(3), B<complex>(7)"
1004 #: build/C/man3/clog10.3:4
1010 #: build/C/man3/clog10.3:7
1011 msgid "clog10, clog10f, clog10l - base-10 logarithm of a complex number"
1015 #: build/C/man3/clog10.3:9
1016 msgid "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
1020 #: build/C/man3/clog10.3:13
1021 msgid "B<double complex clog10(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1025 #: build/C/man3/clog10.3:15
1026 msgid "B<float complex clog10f(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
1030 #: build/C/man3/clog10.3:17
1031 msgid "B<long double complex clog10l(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1035 #: build/C/man3/clog10.3:28
1037 "The call I<clog10(z)> is equivalent to I<clog(z)/log(10)>. The other "
1038 "functions perform the same task for I<float> and I<long double>."
1042 #: build/C/man3/clog10.3:37
1043 msgid "This function is a GNU extension. It is reserved for future use in C99."
1047 #: build/C/man3/clog10.3:42
1048 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<cexp>(3), B<clog>(3), B<clog2>(3), B<complex>(7)"
1052 #: build/C/man3/clog2.3:4
1058 #: build/C/man3/clog2.3:7
1059 msgid "clog2, clog2f, clog2l - base-2 logarithm of a complex number"
1063 #: build/C/man3/clog2.3:11
1064 msgid "B<double complex clog2(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1068 #: build/C/man3/clog2.3:13
1069 msgid "B<float complex clog2f(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
1073 #. Link with \fI\-lm\fP.
1075 #: build/C/man3/clog2.3:17
1076 msgid "B<long double complex clog2l(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1080 #: build/C/man3/clog2.3:22
1081 msgid "The call I<clog2(z)> is equivalent to I<clog(z)/log(2)>."
1085 #: build/C/man3/clog2.3:27
1086 msgid "The other functions perform the same task for I<float> and I<long double>."
1090 #: build/C/man3/clog2.3:41
1091 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<cexp>(3), B<clog>(3), B<clog10>(3), B<complex>(7)"
1095 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:4
1101 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:4
1107 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:7
1108 msgid "complex - basics of complex mathematics"
1112 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:12
1114 "Complex numbers are numbers of the form z = a+b*i, where a and b are real "
1115 "numbers and i = sqrt(-1), so that i*i = -1."
1119 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:22
1121 "There are other ways to represent that number. The pair (a,b) of real "
1122 "numbers may be viewed as a point in the plane, given by X- and "
1123 "Y-coordinates. This same point may also be described by giving the pair of "
1124 "real numbers (r,phi), where r is the distance to the origin O, and phi the "
1125 "angle between the X-axis and the line Oz. Now z = r*exp(i*phi) = "
1126 "r*(cos(phi)+i*sin(phi))."
1130 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:24
1131 msgid "The basic operations are defined on z = a+b*i and w = c+d*i as:"
1135 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:24
1137 msgid "B<addition: z+w = (a+c) + (b+d)*i>"
1141 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:26
1143 msgid "B<multiplication: z*w = (a*c - b*d) + (a*d + b*c)*i>"
1147 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:28
1149 msgid "B<division: z/w = ((a*c + b*d)/(c*c + d*d)) + ((b*c - a*d)/(c*c + d*d))*i>"
1153 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:33
1155 "Nearly all math function have a complex counterpart but there are some "
1156 "complex-only functions."
1160 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:37
1162 "Your C-compiler can work with complex numbers if it supports the C99 "
1163 "standard. Link with I<-lm>. The imaginary unit is represented by I."
1167 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:43
1170 "/* check that exp(i * pi) == -1 */\n"
1171 "#include E<lt>math.hE<gt> /* for atan */\n"
1172 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
1173 "#include E<lt>complex.hE<gt>\n"
1177 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:51
1183 " double pi = 4 * atan(1.0);\n"
1184 " double complex z = cexp(I * pi);\n"
1185 " printf(\"%f + %f * i\\en\", creal(z), cimag(z));\n"
1190 #: build/C/man7/complex.7:78
1192 "B<cabs>(3), B<cacos>(3), B<cacosh>(3), B<carg>(3), B<casin>(3), "
1193 "B<casinh>(3), B<catan>(3), B<catanh>(3), B<ccos>(3), B<ccosh>(3), "
1194 "B<cerf>(3), B<cexp>(3), B<cexp2>(3), B<cimag>(3), B<clog>(3), B<clog10>(3), "
1195 "B<clog2>(3), B<conj>(3), B<cpow>(3), B<cproj>(3), B<creal>(3), B<csin>(3), "
1196 "B<csinh>(3), B<csqrt>(3), B<ctan>(3), B<ctanh>(3)"
1200 #: build/C/man3/conj.3:4
1206 #: build/C/man3/conj.3:7
1207 msgid "conj, conjf, conjl - calculate the complex conjugate"
1211 #: build/C/man3/conj.3:11
1212 msgid "B<double complex conj(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1216 #: build/C/man3/conj.3:13
1217 msgid "B<float complex conjf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
1221 #: build/C/man3/conj.3:15
1222 msgid "B<long double complex conjl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1226 #: build/C/man3/conj.3:23
1228 "The B<conj>() function returns the complex conjugate value of I<z>. That "
1229 "is the value obtained by changing the sign of the imaginary part."
1233 #: build/C/man3/conj.3:28
1235 msgid " cabs(z) = csqrt(z * conj(z))\n"
1239 #: build/C/man3/conj.3:36
1240 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<csqrt>(3), B<complex>(7)"
1244 #: build/C/man3/cpow.3:4
1250 #: build/C/man3/cpow.3:7
1251 msgid "cpow, cpowf, cpowl - complex power function"
1255 #: build/C/man3/cpow.3:10
1257 msgid "B<#include E<lt>complex.hE<gt>>\n"
1261 #: build/C/man3/cpow.3:12
1263 msgid "B<double complex cpow(double complex >I<x>B<, complex double >I<z>B<);>\n"
1267 #: build/C/man3/cpow.3:14
1269 msgid "B<float complex cpowf(float complex >I<x>B<, complex float >I<z>B<);>\n"
1273 #: build/C/man3/cpow.3:17
1276 "B<long double complex cpowl(long double complex >I<x>B<,>\n"
1277 "B< complex long double >I<z>B<);>\n"
1281 #: build/C/man3/cpow.3:19
1283 msgid "Link with I<-lm>.\n"
1287 #: build/C/man3/cpow.3:28
1289 "The function calculates I<x> raised to the power I<z>. (With a branch cut "
1290 "for I<x> along the negative real axis.)"
1294 #: build/C/man3/cpow.3:35
1295 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<pow>(3), B<complex>(7)"
1299 #: build/C/man3/cproj.3:4
1305 #: build/C/man3/cproj.3:4
1311 #: build/C/man3/cproj.3:7
1312 msgid "cproj, cprojf, cprojl - project into Riemann Sphere"
1316 #: build/C/man3/cproj.3:11
1317 msgid "B<double complex cproj(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1321 #: build/C/man3/cproj.3:13
1322 msgid "B<float complex cprojf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
1326 #: build/C/man3/cproj.3:15
1327 msgid "B<long double complex cprojl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1331 #: build/C/man3/cproj.3:27
1333 "This function projects a point in the plane onto the surface of a Riemann "
1334 "Sphere, the one-point compactification of the complex plane. Each finite "
1335 "point I<z> projects to I<z> itself. Every complex infinite value is "
1336 "projected to a single infinite value, namely to positive infinity on the "
1340 #. http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=10401
1342 #: build/C/man3/cproj.3:35
1344 "In glibc 2.11 and earlier, the implementation does something different (a "
1345 "I<stereographic> projection onto a Riemann Sphere)."
1349 #: build/C/man3/creal.3:4
1355 #: build/C/man3/creal.3:7
1356 msgid "creal, crealf, creall - get real part of a complex number"
1360 #: build/C/man3/creal.3:11
1361 msgid "B<double creal(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1365 #: build/C/man3/creal.3:13
1366 msgid "B<float crealf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
1370 #: build/C/man3/creal.3:15
1371 msgid "B<long double creall(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1375 #: build/C/man3/creal.3:22
1376 msgid "The B<creal>() function returns the real part of the complex number I<z>."
1380 #: build/C/man3/creal.3:35
1381 msgid "The gcc supports also __real__. That is a GNU extension."
1385 #: build/C/man3/creal.3:38
1386 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<cimag>(3), B<complex>(7)"
1390 #: build/C/man3/csin.3:4
1396 #: build/C/man3/csin.3:7
1397 msgid "csin, csinf, csinl - complex sine function"
1401 #: build/C/man3/csin.3:11
1402 msgid "B<double complex csin(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1406 #: build/C/man3/csin.3:13
1407 msgid "B<float complex csinf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
1411 #: build/C/man3/csin.3:15
1412 msgid "B<long double complex csinl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1416 #: build/C/man3/csin.3:19
1417 msgid "The complex sine function is defined as:"
1421 #: build/C/man3/csin.3:22
1423 msgid " csin(z) = (exp(i * z) - exp(-i * z)) / (2 * i)\n"
1427 #: build/C/man3/csin.3:32
1428 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<casin>(3), B<ccos>(3), B<ctan>(3), B<complex>(7)"
1432 #: build/C/man3/csinh.3:4
1438 #: build/C/man3/csinh.3:7
1439 msgid "csinh, csinhf, csinhl - complex hyperbolic sine"
1443 #: build/C/man3/csinh.3:11
1444 msgid "B<double complex csinh(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1448 #: build/C/man3/csinh.3:13
1449 msgid "B<float complex csinhf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
1453 #: build/C/man3/csinh.3:15
1454 msgid "B<long double complex csinhl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1458 #: build/C/man3/csinh.3:19
1459 msgid "The complex hyperbolic sine function is defined as:"
1463 #: build/C/man3/csinh.3:22
1465 msgid " csinh(z) = (exp(z)-exp(-z))/2\n"
1469 #: build/C/man3/csinh.3:32
1470 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<casinh>(3), B<ccosh>(3), B<ctanh>(3), B<complex>(7)"
1474 #: build/C/man3/csqrt.3:4
1480 #: build/C/man3/csqrt.3:7
1481 msgid "csqrt, csqrtf, csqrtl - complex square root"
1485 #: build/C/man3/csqrt.3:11
1486 msgid "B<double complex csqrt(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1490 #: build/C/man3/csqrt.3:13
1491 msgid "B<float complex csqrtf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
1495 #: build/C/man3/csqrt.3:15
1496 msgid "B<long double complex csqrtl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1500 #: build/C/man3/csqrt.3:24
1502 "Calculate the square root of a given complex number, with nonnegative real "
1503 "part, and with a branch cut along the negative real axis. (That means that "
1504 "I<csqrt(-1+eps*I)> will be close to I while I<csqrt(-1-eps*I)> will be close "
1505 "to -I, I<if eps> is a small positive real number.)"
1509 #: build/C/man3/csqrt.3:31
1510 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<cexp>(3), B<complex>(7)"
1514 #: build/C/man3/ctan.3:4
1520 #: build/C/man3/ctan.3:7
1521 msgid "ctan, ctanf, ctanl - complex tangent function"
1525 #: build/C/man3/ctan.3:11
1526 msgid "B<double complex ctan(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1530 #: build/C/man3/ctan.3:13
1531 msgid "B<float complex ctanf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
1535 #: build/C/man3/ctan.3:15
1536 msgid "B<long double complex ctanl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1540 #: build/C/man3/ctan.3:19
1541 msgid "The complex tangent function is defined as:"
1545 #: build/C/man3/ctan.3:22
1547 msgid " ctan(z) = csin(z) / ccos(z)\n"
1551 #: build/C/man3/ctan.3:32
1552 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<catan>(3), B<ccos>(3), B<csin>(3), B<complex>(7)"
1556 #: build/C/man3/ctanh.3:4
1562 #: build/C/man3/ctanh.3:7
1563 msgid "ctanh, ctanhf, ctanhl - complex hyperbolic tangent"
1567 #: build/C/man3/ctanh.3:11
1568 msgid "B<double complex ctanh(double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1572 #: build/C/man3/ctanh.3:13
1573 msgid "B<float complex ctanhf(float complex >I<z>B<);>"
1577 #: build/C/man3/ctanh.3:15
1578 msgid "B<long double complex ctanhl(long double complex >I<z>B<);>"
1582 #: build/C/man3/ctanh.3:20
1583 msgid "The complex hyperbolic tangent function is defined mathematically as:"
1587 #: build/C/man3/ctanh.3:23
1589 msgid " ctanh(z) = csinh(z) / ccosh(z)\n"
1593 #: build/C/man3/ctanh.3:33
1594 msgid "B<cabs>(3), B<catanh>(3), B<ccosh>(3), B<csinh>(3), B<complex>(7)"