1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
9 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
10 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-28 07:16+0900\n"
11 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
12 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
13 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
20 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:24
22 msgid "DL_ITERATE_PHDR"
26 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:24
32 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:24 build/C/man3/end.3:25 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:2 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:22
38 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:24 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:35 build/C/man5/elf.5:33 build/C/man3/end.3:25 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:2 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:22 build/C/man1/ldd.1:10 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:26
40 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
44 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:25 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:36 build/C/man5/elf.5:34 build/C/man3/end.3:26 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:3 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:23 build/C/man1/ldd.1:11 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:27
50 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:27
51 msgid "dl_iterate_phdr - walk through list of shared objects"
55 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:27 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:39 build/C/man5/elf.5:36 build/C/man3/end.3:28 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:5 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:25 build/C/man1/ldd.1:13 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:29
61 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:31
64 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
65 "B<#include E<lt>link.hE<gt>>\n"
69 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:37
72 "B<int dl_iterate_phdr(>\n"
73 " B<int (*>callbackB<) (struct dl_phdr_info *>infoB<,>\n"
74 " B<size_t> sizeB<, void *>dataB<),>\n"
75 " B<void *>dataB<);>\n"
79 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:38 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:51 build/C/man5/elf.5:41 build/C/man3/end.3:34 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:15 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:54 build/C/man1/ldd.1:15 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:33
85 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:43
87 "The B<dl_iterate_phdr>() function allows an application to inquire at run "
88 "time to find out which shared objects it has loaded."
92 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:53
94 "The B<dl_iterate_phdr>() function walks through the list of an "
95 "application's shared objects and calls the function I<callback> once for "
96 "each object, until either all shared objects have been processed or "
97 "I<callback> returns a nonzero value."
101 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:70
103 "Each call to I<callback> receives three arguments: I<info>, which is a "
104 "pointer to a structure containing information about the shared object; "
105 "I<size>, which is the size of the structure pointed to by I<info>; and "
106 "I<data>, which is a copy of whatever value was passed by the calling program "
107 "as the second argument (also named I<data>) in the call to "
108 "B<dl_iterate_phdr>()."
112 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:74
113 msgid "The I<info> argument is a structure of the following type:"
117 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:86
120 "struct dl_phdr_info {\n"
121 " ElfW(Addr) dlpi_addr; /* Base address of object */\n"
122 " const char *dlpi_name; /* (Null-terminated) name of\n"
124 " const ElfW(Phdr) *dlpi_phdr; /* Pointer to array of\n"
125 " ELF program headers\n"
126 " for this object */\n"
127 " ElfW(Half) dlpi_phnum; /* # of items in I<dlpi_phdr> */\n"
132 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:98
134 "(The I<ElfW>() macro definition turns its argument into the name of an ELF "
135 "data type suitable for the hardware architecture. For example, on a 32-bit "
136 "platform, ElfW(Addr) yields the data type name Elf32_Addr. Further "
137 "information on these types can be found in the I<E<lt>elf.hE<gt>> and "
138 "I<E<lt>link.hE<gt>> header files.)"
142 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:109
144 "The I<dlpi_addr> field indicates the base address of the shared object "
145 "(i.e., the difference between the virtual memory address of the shared "
146 "object and the offset of that object in the file from which it was loaded). "
147 "The I<dlpi_name> field is a null-terminated string giving the pathname from "
148 "which the shared object was loaded."
152 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:124
154 "To understand the meaning of the I<dlpi_phdr> and I<dlpi_phnum> fields, we "
155 "need to be aware that an ELF shared object consists of a number of segments, "
156 "each of which has a corresponding program header describing the segment. "
157 "The I<dlpi_phdr> field is a pointer to an array of the program headers for "
158 "this shared object. The I<dlpi_phnum> field indicates the size of this "
163 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:126
164 msgid "These program headers are structures of the following form:"
168 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:139
172 " Elf32_Word p_type; /* Segment type */\n"
173 " Elf32_Off p_offset; /* Segment file offset */\n"
174 " Elf32_Addr p_vaddr; /* Segment virtual address */\n"
175 " Elf32_Addr p_paddr; /* Segment physical address */\n"
176 " Elf32_Word p_filesz; /* Segment size in file */\n"
177 " Elf32_Word p_memsz; /* Segment size in memory */\n"
178 " Elf32_Word p_flags; /* Segment flags */\n"
179 " Elf32_Word p_align; /* Segment alignment */\n"
184 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:145
186 "Note that we can calculate the location of a particular program header, "
187 "I<x>, in virtual memory using the formula:"
191 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:148
193 msgid " addr == info-E<gt>dlpi_addr + info-E<gt>dlpi_phdr[x].p_vaddr;\n"
197 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:149
203 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:154
205 "The B<dl_iterate_phdr>() function returns whatever value was returned by "
206 "the last call to I<callback>."
210 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:154
216 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:157
217 msgid "B<dl_iterate_phdr>() has been supported in glibc since version 2.2.4."
221 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:157 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:381 build/C/man3/end.3:49 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:459
223 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
227 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:161
229 "The B<dl_iterate_phdr>() function is Linux-specific and should be avoided "
230 "in portable applications."
234 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:161 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:446 build/C/man3/end.3:75 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:490
240 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:166
242 "The following program displays a list of pathnames of the shared objects it "
243 "has loaded. For each shared object, the program lists the virtual addresses "
244 "at which the object's ELF segments are loaded."
248 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:172
251 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
252 "#include E<lt>link.hE<gt>\n"
253 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
254 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
258 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:177
262 "callback(struct dl_phdr_info *info, size_t size, void *data)\n"
268 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:180
271 " printf(\"name=%s (%d segments)\\en\", info-E<gt>dlpi_name,\n"
272 " info-E<gt>dlpi_phnum);\n"
276 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:186
279 " for (j = 0; j E<lt> info-E<gt>dlpi_phnum; j++)\n"
280 " printf(\"\\et\\et header %2d: address=%10p\\en\", j,\n"
281 " (void *) (info-E<gt>dlpi_addr + "
282 "info-E<gt>dlpi_phdr[j].p_vaddr));\n"
288 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:191
292 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
294 " dl_iterate_phdr(callback, NULL);\n"
298 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:194 build/C/man3/end.3:106
301 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
306 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:195 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:507 build/C/man5/elf.5:1937 build/C/man3/end.3:107 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:409 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:175 build/C/man1/ldd.1:75 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:600
312 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:205
314 "B<ldd>(1), B<objdump>(1), B<readelf>(1), B<dlopen>(3), B<elf>(5), "
315 "B<ld.so>(8), and the I<Executable and Linking Format Specification> "
316 "available at various locations online."
320 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:205 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:515 build/C/man5/elf.5:1961 build/C/man3/end.3:112 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:419 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:178 build/C/man1/ldd.1:78 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:605
326 #: build/C/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3:212 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:522 build/C/man5/elf.5:1968 build/C/man3/end.3:119 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:426 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:185 build/C/man1/ldd.1:85 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:612
328 "This page is part of release 3.41 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
329 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
330 "found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
334 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:35
340 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:35
346 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:35 build/C/man5/elf.5:33 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:26
352 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:39
354 "dladdr, dlclose, dlerror, dlopen, dlsym, dlvsym - programming interface to "
355 "dynamic linking loader"
359 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:41
360 msgid "B<#include E<lt>dlfcn.hE<gt>>"
364 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:43
365 msgid "B<void *dlopen(const char *>I<filename>B<, int >I<flag>B<);>"
369 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:45
370 msgid "B<char *dlerror(void);>"
374 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:47
375 msgid "B<void *dlsym(void *>I<handle>B<, const char *>I<symbol>B<);>"
379 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:49
380 msgid "B<int dlclose(void *>I<handle>B<);>"
384 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:51
385 msgid "Link with I<-ldl>."
389 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:58
391 "The four functions B<dlopen>(), B<dlsym>(), B<dlclose>(), B<dlerror>() "
392 "implement the interface to the dynamic linking loader."
396 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:58
402 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:71
404 "The function B<dlerror>() returns a human readable string describing the "
405 "most recent error that occurred from B<dlopen>(), B<dlsym>() or "
406 "B<dlclose>() since the last call to B<dlerror>(). It returns NULL if no "
407 "errors have occurred since initialization or since it was last called."
411 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:71
417 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:89
419 "The function B<dlopen>() loads the dynamic library file named by the "
420 "null-terminated string I<filename> and returns an opaque \"handle\" for the "
421 "dynamic library. If I<filename> is NULL, then the returned handle is for "
422 "the main program. If I<filename> contains a slash (\"/\"), then it is "
423 "interpreted as a (relative or absolute) pathname. Otherwise, the dynamic "
424 "linker searches for the library as follows (see B<ld.so>(8) for further "
429 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:89 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:93 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:100 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:104 build/C/man3/dlopen.3:111 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:45 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:50 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:55 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:59 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:69
435 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:93
437 "(ELF only) If the executable file for the calling program contains a "
438 "DT_RPATH tag, and does not contain a DT_RUNPATH tag, then the directories "
439 "listed in the DT_RPATH tag are searched."
443 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:100
445 "If, at the time that the program was started, the environment variable "
446 "B<LD_LIBRARY_PATH> was defined to contain a colon-separated list of "
447 "directories, then these are searched. (As a security measure this variable "
448 "is ignored for set-user-ID and set-group-ID programs.)"
452 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:104
454 "(ELF only) If the executable file for the calling program contains a "
455 "DT_RUNPATH tag, then the directories listed in that tag are searched."
459 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:111
461 "The cache file I</etc/ld.so.cache> (maintained by B<ldconfig>(8)) is "
462 "checked to see whether it contains an entry for I<filename>."
466 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:117
467 msgid "The directories I</lib> and I</usr/lib> are searched (in that order)."
471 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:123
473 "If the library has dependencies on other shared libraries, then these are "
474 "also automatically loaded by the dynamic linker using the same rules. (This "
475 "process may occur recursively, if those libraries in turn have dependencies, "
480 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:126
481 msgid "One of the following two values must be included in I<flag>:"
485 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:126
491 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:134
493 "Perform lazy binding. Only resolve symbols as the code that references them "
494 "is executed. If the symbol is never referenced, then it is never resolved. "
495 "(Lazy binding is only performed for function references; references to "
496 "variables are always immediately bound when the library is loaded.)"
500 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:134
506 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:143
508 "If this value is specified, or the environment variable B<LD_BIND_NOW> is "
509 "set to a nonempty string, all undefined symbols in the library are resolved "
510 "before B<dlopen>() returns. If this cannot be done, an error is returned."
514 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:146
515 msgid "Zero or more of the following values may also be ORed in I<flag>:"
519 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:146
521 msgid "B<RTLD_GLOBAL>"
525 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:150
527 "The symbols defined by this library will be made available for symbol "
528 "resolution of subsequently loaded libraries."
532 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:150
534 msgid "B<RTLD_LOCAL>"
538 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:157
540 "This is the converse of B<RTLD_GLOBAL>, and the default if neither flag is "
541 "specified. Symbols defined in this library are not made available to "
542 "resolve references in subsequently loaded libraries."
546 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:157
548 msgid "B<RTLD_NODELETE> (since glibc 2.2)"
551 #. (But it is present on Solaris.)
553 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:167
555 "Do not unload the library during B<dlclose>(). Consequently, the library's "
556 "static variables are not reinitialized if the library is reloaded with "
557 "B<dlopen>() at a later time. This flag is not specified in POSIX.1-2001."
561 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:167
563 msgid "B<RTLD_NOLOAD> (since glibc 2.2)"
566 #. (But it is present on Solaris.)
568 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:182
570 "Don't load the library. This can be used to test if the library is already "
571 "resident (B<dlopen>() returns NULL if it is not, or the library's handle if "
572 "it is resident). This flag can also be used to promote the flags on a "
573 "library that is already loaded. For example, a library that was previously "
574 "loaded with B<RTLD_LOCAL> can be reopened with B<RTLD_NOLOAD\\ |\\ "
575 "RTLD_GLOBAL>. This flag is not specified in POSIX.1-2001."
579 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:182
581 msgid "B<RTLD_DEEPBIND> (since glibc 2.3.4)"
584 #. Inimitably described by UD in
585 #. http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2004-09/msg00083.html.
587 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:192
589 "Place the lookup scope of the symbols in this library ahead of the global "
590 "scope. This means that a self-contained library will use its own symbols in "
591 "preference to global symbols with the same name contained in libraries that "
592 "have already been loaded. This flag is not specified in POSIX.1-2001."
596 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:204
598 "If I<filename> is a NULL pointer, then the returned handle is for the main "
599 "program. When given to B<dlsym>(), this handle causes a search for a symbol "
600 "in the main program, followed by all shared libraries loaded at program "
601 "startup, and then all shared libraries loaded by B<dlopen>() with the flag "
606 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:214
608 "External references in the library are resolved using the libraries in that "
609 "library's dependency list and any other libraries previously opened with the "
610 "B<RTLD_GLOBAL> flag. If the executable was linked with the flag "
611 "\"-rdynamic\" (or, synonymously, \"--export-dynamic\"), then the global "
612 "symbols in the executable will also be used to resolve references in a "
613 "dynamically loaded library."
617 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:232
619 "If the same library is loaded again with B<dlopen>(), the same file handle "
620 "is returned. The dl library maintains reference counts for library handles, "
621 "so a dynamic library is not deallocated until B<dlclose>() has been called "
622 "on it as many times as B<dlopen>() has succeeded on it. The B<_init>() "
623 "routine, if present, is only called once. But a subsequent call with "
624 "B<RTLD_NOW> may force symbol resolution for a library earlier loaded with "
629 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:236
630 msgid "If B<dlopen>() fails for any reason, it returns NULL."
634 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:236
640 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:265
642 "The function B<dlsym>() takes a \"handle\" of a dynamic library returned by "
643 "B<dlopen>() and the null-terminated symbol name, returning the address "
644 "where that symbol is loaded into memory. If the symbol is not found, in the "
645 "specified library or any of the libraries that were automatically loaded by "
646 "B<dlopen>() when that library was loaded, B<dlsym>() returns NULL. (The "
647 "search performed by B<dlsym>() is breadth first through the dependency tree "
648 "of these libraries.) Since the value of the symbol could actually be NULL "
649 "(so that a NULL return from B<dlsym>() need not indicate an error), the "
650 "correct way to test for an error is to call B<dlerror>() to clear any old "
651 "error conditions, then call B<dlsym>(), and then call B<dlerror>() again, "
652 "saving its return value into a variable, and check whether this saved value "
657 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:277
659 "There are two special pseudo-handles, B<RTLD_DEFAULT> and B<RTLD_NEXT>. The "
660 "former will find the first occurrence of the desired symbol using the "
661 "default library search order. The latter will find the next occurrence of a "
662 "function in the search order after the current library. This allows one to "
663 "provide a wrapper around a function in another shared library."
667 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:277
673 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:284
675 "The function B<dlclose>() decrements the reference count on the dynamic "
676 "library handle I<handle>. If the reference count drops to zero and no other "
677 "loaded libraries use symbols in it, then the dynamic library is unloaded."
681 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:288
682 msgid "The function B<dlclose>() returns 0 on success, and nonzero on error."
686 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:288
688 msgid "The obsolete symbols _init() and _fini()"
692 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:306
694 "The linker recognizes special symbols B<_init> and B<_fini>. If a dynamic "
695 "library exports a routine named B<_init>(), then that code is executed after "
696 "the loading, before B<dlopen>() returns. If the dynamic library exports a "
697 "routine named B<_fini>(), then that routine is called just before the "
698 "library is unloaded. In case you need to avoid linking against the system "
699 "startup files, this can be done by using the B<gcc>(1) I<-nostartfiles> "
700 "command-line option."
703 #. void _init(void) __attribute__((constructor));
704 #. void _fini(void) __attribute__((destructor));
706 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:317
708 "Using these routines, or the gcc B<-nostartfiles> or B<-nostdlib> options, "
709 "is not recommended. Their use may result in undesired behavior, since the "
710 "constructor/destructor routines will not be executed (unless special "
711 "measures are taken)."
715 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:329
717 "Instead, libraries should export routines using the "
718 "B<__attribute__((constructor))> and B<__attribute__((destructor))> function "
719 "attributes. See the gcc info pages for information on these. Constructor "
720 "routines are executed before B<dlopen>() returns, and destructor routines "
721 "are executed before B<dlclose>() returns."
725 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:329
727 msgid "Glibc extensions: dladdr() and dlvsym()"
731 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:331
732 msgid "Glibc adds two functions not described by POSIX, with prototypes"
736 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:335
739 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
740 "B<#include E<lt>dlfcn.hE<gt>>\n"
744 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:337
746 msgid "B<int dladdr(void *>I<addr>B<, Dl_info *>I<info>B<);>\n"
750 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:339
753 "B<void *dlvsym(void *>I<handle>B<, char *>I<symbol>B<, char "
754 "*>I<version>B<);>\n"
758 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:348
760 "The function B<dladdr>() takes a function pointer and tries to resolve name "
761 "and file where it is located. Information is stored in the I<Dl_info> "
766 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:361
770 " const char *dli_fname; /* Pathname of shared object that\n"
771 " contains address */\n"
772 " void *dli_fbase; /* Address at which shared object\n"
774 " const char *dli_sname; /* Name of nearest symbol with address\n"
775 " lower than I<addr> */\n"
776 " void *dli_saddr; /* Exact address of symbol named\n"
777 " in I<dli_sname> */\n"
782 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:371
784 "If no symbol matching I<addr> could be found, then I<dli_sname> and "
785 "I<dli_saddr> are set to NULL."
789 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:374
790 msgid "B<dladdr>() returns 0 on error, and nonzero on success."
794 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:381
796 "The function B<dlvsym>(), provided by glibc since version 2.1, does the same "
797 "as B<dlsym>() but takes a version string as an additional argument."
801 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:388
803 "POSIX.1-2001 describes B<dlclose>(), B<dlerror>(), B<dlopen>(), and "
808 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:388 build/C/man5/elf.5:1910 build/C/man3/end.3:52 build/C/man8/ld.so.8:403 build/C/man1/ldd.1:42 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:465
814 #. The string returned by
816 #. should not be modified.
817 #. Some systems give the prototype as
820 #. .B "const char *dlerror(void);"
823 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:407
825 "The symbols B<RTLD_DEFAULT> and B<RTLD_NEXT> are defined by "
826 "I<E<lt>dlfcn.hE<gt>> only when B<_GNU_SOURCE> was defined before including "
831 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:412
833 "Since glibc 2.2.3, B<atexit>(3) can be used to register an exit handler "
834 "that is automatically called when a library is unloaded."
838 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:412
844 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:418
846 "The dlopen interface standard comes from SunOS. That system also has "
847 "B<dladdr>(), but not B<dlvsym>()."
851 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:418 build/C/man1/ldd.1:59 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:590
857 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:430
859 "Sometimes, the function pointers you pass to B<dladdr>() may surprise you. "
860 "On some architectures (notably i386 and x86_64), I<dli_fname> and "
861 "I<dli_fbase> may end up pointing back at the object from which you called "
862 "B<dladdr>(), even if the function used as an argument should come from a "
863 "dynamically linked library."
867 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:446
869 "The problem is that the function pointer will still be resolved at compile "
870 "time, but merely point to the I<plt> (Procedure Linkage Table) section of "
871 "the original object (which dispatches the call after asking the dynamic "
872 "linker to resolve the symbol). To work around this, you can try to compile "
873 "the code to be position-independent: then, the compiler cannot prepare the "
874 "pointer at compile time anymore and today's B<gcc>(1) will generate code "
875 "that just loads the final symbol address from the I<got> (Global Offset "
876 "Table) at run time before passing it to B<dladdr>()."
880 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:448
881 msgid "Load the math library, and print the cosine of 2.0:"
885 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:453
888 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
889 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
890 "#include E<lt>dlfcn.hE<gt>\n"
894 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:460
898 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
901 " double (*cosine)(double);\n"
906 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:466
909 " handle = dlopen(\"libm.so\", RTLD_LAZY);\n"
911 " fprintf(stderr, \"%s\\en\", dlerror());\n"
912 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
917 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:468
919 msgid " dlerror(); /* Clear any existing error */\n"
923 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:475
926 " /* Writing: cosine = (double (*)(double)) dlsym(handle, \"cos\");\n"
927 " would seem more natural, but the C99 standard leaves\n"
928 " casting from \"void *\" to a function pointer undefined.\n"
929 " The assignment used below is the POSIX.1-2003 (Technical\n"
930 " Corrigendum 1) workaround; see the Rationale for the\n"
931 " POSIX specification of dlsym(). */\n"
934 #. But in fact "gcc -O2 -Wall" will complain about the preceding cast.
936 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:478
938 msgid " *(void **) (&cosine) = dlsym(handle, \"cos\");\n"
942 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:483
945 " if ((error = dlerror()) != NULL) {\n"
946 " fprintf(stderr, \"%s\\en\", error);\n"
947 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
952 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:488
955 " printf(\"%f\\en\", (*cosine)(2.0));\n"
956 " dlclose(handle);\n"
957 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
962 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:492
964 "If this program were in a file named \"foo.c\", you would build the program "
965 "with the following command:"
969 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:495
971 msgid " gcc -rdynamic -o foo foo.c -ldl\n"
975 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:503
977 "Libraries exporting B<_init>() and B<_fini>() will want to be compiled as "
978 "follows, using I<bar.c> as the example name:"
982 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:506
984 msgid " gcc -shared -nostartfiles -o bar bar.c\n"
988 #: build/C/man3/dlopen.3:515
990 "B<ld>(1), B<ldd>(1), B<dl_iterate_phdr>(3), B<rtld-audit>(7), B<ld.so>(8), "
991 "B<ldconfig>(8), ld.so info pages, gcc info pages, ld info pages"
995 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:33
1001 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:33
1007 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:36
1008 msgid "elf - format of Executable and Linking Format (ELF) files"
1011 #. .B #include <elf_abi.h>
1013 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:40
1015 msgid "B<#include E<lt>elf.hE<gt>>\n"
1019 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:48
1021 "The header file I<E<lt>elf.hE<gt>> defines the format of ELF executable "
1022 "binary files. Amongst these files are normal executable files, relocatable "
1023 "object files, core files and shared libraries."
1027 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:57
1029 "An executable file using the ELF file format consists of an ELF header, "
1030 "followed by a program header table or a section header table, or both. The "
1031 "ELF header is always at offset zero of the file. The program header table "
1032 "and the section header table's offset in the file are defined in the ELF "
1033 "header. The two tables describe the rest of the particularities of the "
1037 #. Applications which wish to process ELF binary files for their native
1038 #. architecture only should include
1040 #. in their source code.
1041 #. These applications should need to refer to
1042 #. all the types and structures by their generic names
1044 #. and to the macros by
1046 #. Applications written this way can be compiled on any architecture,
1047 #. regardless of whether the host is 32-bit or 64-bit.
1049 #. Should an application need to process ELF files of an unknown
1050 #. architecture, then the application needs to explicitly use either
1054 #. type and structure names.
1055 #. Likewise, the macros need to be identified by
1061 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:84
1063 "This header file describes the above mentioned headers as C structures and "
1064 "also includes structures for dynamic sections, relocation sections and "
1069 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:96
1071 "The following types are used for N-bit architectures (N=32,64, I<ElfN> "
1072 "stands for I<Elf32> or I<Elf64>, I<uintN_t> stands for I<uint32_t> or "
1076 #. Elf32_Size Unsigned object size
1078 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:110
1081 "ElfN_Addr Unsigned program address, uintN_t\n"
1082 "ElfN_Off Unsigned file offset, uintN_t\n"
1083 "ElfN_Section Unsigned section index, uint16_t\n"
1084 "ElfN_Versym Unsigned version symbol information, uint16_t\n"
1085 "Elf_Byte unsigned char\n"
1086 "ElfN_Half uint16_t\n"
1087 "ElfN_Sword int32_t\n"
1088 "ElfN_Word uint32_t\n"
1089 "ElfN_Sxword int64_t\n"
1090 "ElfN_Xword uint64_t\n"
1094 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:125
1096 "(Note: The *BSD terminology is a bit different. There I<Elf64_Half> is "
1097 "twice as large as I<Elf32_Half>, and I<Elf64Quarter> is used for "
1098 "I<uint16_t>. In order to avoid confusion these types are replaced by "
1099 "explicit ones in the below.)"
1103 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:132
1105 "All data structures that the file format defines follow the \"natural\" size "
1106 "and alignment guidelines for the relevant class. If necessary, data "
1107 "structures contain explicit padding to ensure 4-byte alignment for 4-byte "
1108 "objects, to force structure sizes to a multiple of 4, etc."
1112 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:137
1113 msgid "The ELF header is described by the type I<Elf32_Ehdr> or I<Elf64_Ehdr>:"
1117 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:141
1119 msgid "#define EI_NIDENT 16\n"
1123 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:158
1126 "typedef struct {\n"
1127 " unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT];\n"
1128 " uint16_t e_type;\n"
1129 " uint16_t e_machine;\n"
1130 " uint32_t e_version;\n"
1131 " ElfN_Addr e_entry;\n"
1132 " ElfN_Off e_phoff;\n"
1133 " ElfN_Off e_shoff;\n"
1134 " uint32_t e_flags;\n"
1135 " uint16_t e_ehsize;\n"
1136 " uint16_t e_phentsize;\n"
1137 " uint16_t e_phnum;\n"
1138 " uint16_t e_shentsize;\n"
1139 " uint16_t e_shnum;\n"
1140 " uint16_t e_shstrndx;\n"
1144 #. .Bl -tag -width "e_phentsize"
1146 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:163
1147 msgid "The fields have the following meanings:"
1151 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:163
1157 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:173
1159 "This array of bytes specifies to interpret the file, independent of the "
1160 "processor or the file's remaining contents. Within this array everything is "
1161 "named by macros, which start with the prefix B<EI_> and may contain values "
1162 "which start with the prefix B<ELF>. The following macros are defined:"
1166 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:175
1172 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:181
1174 "The first byte of the magic number. It must be filled with B<ELFMAG0>. (0: "
1179 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:181
1185 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:187
1187 "The second byte of the magic number. It must be filled with B<ELFMAG1>. "
1192 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:187
1198 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:193
1200 "The third byte of the magic number. It must be filled with B<ELFMAG2>. (2: "
1205 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:193
1211 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:199
1213 "The fourth byte of the magic number. It must be filled with B<ELFMAG3>. "
1218 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:199
1224 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:202
1225 msgid "The fifth byte identifies the architecture for this binary:"
1229 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:204
1231 msgid "B<ELFCLASSNONE>"
1235 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:208
1236 msgid "This class is invalid."
1240 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:208
1242 msgid "B<ELFCLASS32>"
1246 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:213
1248 "This defines the 32-bit architecture. It supports machines with files and "
1249 "virtual address spaces up to 4 Gigabytes."
1253 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:213
1255 msgid "B<ELFCLASS64>"
1259 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:216
1260 msgid "This defines the 64-bit architecture."
1264 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:219
1269 #. .Bl -tag -width "ELFDATA2LSB" -compact
1271 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:225
1273 "The sixth byte specifies the data encoding of the processor-specific data in "
1274 "the file. Currently these encodings are supported:"
1278 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:226
1280 msgid "B<ELFDATANONE>"
1284 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:230
1285 msgid "Unknown data format."
1289 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:230
1291 msgid "B<ELFDATA2LSB>"
1295 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:233
1296 msgid "Two's complement, little-endian."
1300 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:233
1302 msgid "B<ELFDATA2MSB>"
1306 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:236
1307 msgid "Two's complement, big-endian."
1311 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:239
1313 msgid "B<EI_VERSION>"
1316 #. .Bl -tag -width "EV_CURRENT" -compact
1318 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:244
1319 msgid "The version number of the ELF specification:"
1323 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:245 build/C/man5/elf.5:499
1329 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:248 build/C/man5/elf.5:503
1330 msgid "Invalid version."
1334 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:248 build/C/man5/elf.5:503
1336 msgid "B<EV_CURRENT>"
1341 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:251 build/C/man5/elf.5:507
1342 msgid "Current version."
1346 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:254
1351 #. .Bl -tag -width "ELFOSABI_STANDALONE" -compact
1353 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:263
1355 "This byte identifies the operating system and ABI to which the object is "
1356 "targeted. Some fields in other ELF structures have flags and values that "
1357 "have platform-specific meanings; the interpretation of those fields is "
1358 "determined by the value of this byte. E.g.:"
1362 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:264
1364 msgid "B<ELFOSABI_NONE>"
1369 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:269
1370 msgid "Same as ELFOSABI_SYSV"
1374 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:269
1376 msgid "B<ELFOSABI_SYSV>"
1380 #. synonym: ELFOSABI_NONE
1382 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:274
1383 msgid "UNIX System V ABI."
1387 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:274
1389 msgid "B<ELFOSABI_HPUX>"
1394 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:278
1399 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:278
1401 msgid "B<ELFOSABI_NETBSD>"
1406 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:282
1411 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:282
1413 msgid "B<ELFOSABI_LINUX>"
1418 #. .BR ELFOSABI_HURD
1422 #. .BR ELFOSABI_86OPEN
1423 #. 86Open Common IA32 ABI.
1426 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:294
1431 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:294
1433 msgid "B<ELFOSABI_SOLARIS>"
1438 #. .BR ELFOSABI_MONTEREY
1439 #. Monterey project ABI.
1444 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:304
1445 msgid "Solaris ABI."
1449 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:304
1451 msgid "B<ELFOSABI_IRIX>"
1456 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:308
1461 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:308
1463 msgid "B<ELFOSABI_FREEBSD>"
1468 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:312
1469 msgid "FreeBSD ABI."
1473 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:312
1475 msgid "B<ELFOSABI_TRU64>"
1484 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:320
1485 msgid "TRU64 UNIX ABI."
1489 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:320
1491 msgid "B<ELFOSABI_ARM>"
1496 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:324
1497 msgid "ARM architecture ABI."
1501 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:324
1503 msgid "B<ELFOSABI_STANDALONE>"
1509 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:329
1510 msgid "Stand-alone (embedded) ABI."
1514 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:331
1516 msgid "B<EI_ABIVERSION>"
1520 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:341
1522 "This byte identifies the version of the ABI to which the object is "
1523 "targeted. This field is used to distinguish among incompatible versions of "
1524 "an ABI. The interpretation of this version number is dependent on the ABI "
1525 "identified by the B<EI_OSABI> field. Applications conforming to this "
1526 "specification use the value 0."
1530 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:341
1535 #. As reported by Yuri Kozlov and confirmed by Mike Frysinger, EI_BRAND is
1536 #. not in GABI (http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/latest/ch4.eheader.html)
1537 #. It looks to be a BSDism
1540 #. Start of architecture identification.
1542 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:357
1544 "Start of padding. These bytes are reserved and set to zero. Programs which "
1545 "read them should ignore them. The value for B<EI_PAD> will change in the "
1546 "future if currently unused bytes are given meanings."
1550 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:357
1552 msgid "B<EI_NIDENT>"
1557 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:363
1558 msgid "The size of the I<e_ident> array."
1562 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:364
1568 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:367
1569 msgid "This member of the structure identifies the object file type:"
1573 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:369
1579 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:373
1580 msgid "An unknown type."
1584 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:373
1590 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:376
1591 msgid "A relocatable file."
1595 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:376
1601 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:379
1602 msgid "An executable file."
1606 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:379
1612 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:382
1613 msgid "A shared object."
1617 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:382
1623 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:385
1624 msgid "A core file."
1628 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:388
1630 msgid "I<e_machine>"
1634 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:392
1636 "This member specifies the required architecture for an individual file. "
1641 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:394
1648 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:399
1649 msgid "An unknown machine."
1653 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:399
1660 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:403
1661 msgid "AT&T WE 32100."
1665 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:403
1672 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:407
1673 msgid "Sun Microsystems SPARC."
1677 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:407
1684 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:411
1685 msgid "Intel 80386."
1689 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:411
1696 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:415
1697 msgid "Motorola 68000."
1701 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:415
1712 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:423
1713 msgid "Motorola 88000."
1717 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:423
1724 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:427
1725 msgid "Intel 80860."
1729 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:427
1738 #. .BR EM_MIPS_RS4_BE
1739 #. MIPS RS4000 (big-endian only). Deprecated.
1741 #. EM_MIPS_RS3_LE (MIPS R3000 little-endian)
1744 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:439
1745 msgid "MIPS RS3000 (big-endian only)."
1749 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:439
1751 msgid "B<EM_PARISC>"
1756 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:443
1761 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:443
1763 msgid "B<EM_SPARC32PLUS>"
1768 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:447
1769 msgid "SPARC with enhanced instruction set."
1773 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:447
1780 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:451
1785 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:451
1792 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:455
1793 msgid "PowerPC 64-bit."
1797 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:455
1804 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:459
1809 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:459
1816 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:463
1817 msgid "Advanced RISC Machines"
1821 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:463
1828 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:467
1829 msgid "Renesas SuperH"
1833 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:467
1835 msgid "B<EM_SPARCV9>"
1840 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:471
1841 msgid "SPARC v9 64-bit."
1845 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:471
1852 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:475
1853 msgid "Intel Itanium"
1857 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:475
1859 msgid "B<EM_X86_64>"
1864 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:479
1869 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:479
1879 #. Compaq [DEC] Alpha.
1882 #. Compaq [DEC] Alpha with enhanced instruction set.
1884 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:491
1889 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:494
1891 msgid "I<e_version>"
1894 #. .Bl -tag -width "EV_CURRENT" -compact
1896 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:498
1897 msgid "This member identifies the file version:"
1901 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:509
1907 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:515
1909 "This member gives the virtual address to which the system first transfers "
1910 "control, thus starting the process. If the file has no associated entry "
1911 "point, this member holds zero."
1915 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:515
1921 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:520
1923 "This member holds the program header table's file offset in bytes. If the "
1924 "file has no program header table, this member holds zero."
1928 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:520
1934 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:525
1936 "This member holds the section header table's file offset in bytes. If the "
1937 "file has no section header table this member holds zero."
1941 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:525
1947 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:530
1949 "This member holds processor-specific flags associated with the file. Flag "
1950 "names take the form EF_`machine_flag'. Currently no flags have been "
1955 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:530
1961 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:533
1962 msgid "This member holds the ELF header's size in bytes."
1966 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:533
1968 msgid "I<e_phentsize>"
1972 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:537
1974 "This member holds the size in bytes of one entry in the file's program "
1975 "header table; all entries are the same size."
1979 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:537
1985 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:550
1987 "This member holds the number of entries in the program header table. Thus "
1988 "the product of I<e_phentsize> and I<e_phnum> gives the table's size in "
1989 "bytes. If a file has no program header, I<e_phnum> holds the value zero."
1992 #. This is a Linux extension, added in Linux 2.6.34.
1993 #. .Bl -tag -width "PN_XNUM"
1995 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:564
1997 "If the number of entries in the program header table is larger than or equal "
1998 "to B<PN_XNUM> (0xffff), this member holds B<PN_XNUM> (0xffff) and the real "
1999 "number of entries in the program header table is held in the I<sh_info> "
2000 "member of the initial entry in section header table. Otherwise, the "
2001 "I<sh_info> member of the initial entry contains the value zero."
2005 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:565
2011 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:570
2013 "This is defined as 0xffff, the largest number I<e_phnum> can have, "
2014 "specifying where the actual number of program headers is assigned."
2018 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:574
2020 msgid "I<e_shentsize>"
2024 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:579
2026 "This member holds a sections header's size in bytes. A section header is "
2027 "one entry in the section header table; all entries are the same size."
2031 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:579
2037 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:592
2039 "This member holds the number of entries in the section header table. Thus "
2040 "the product of I<e_shentsize> and I<e_shnum> gives the section header "
2041 "table's size in bytes. If a file has no section header table, I<e_shnum> "
2042 "holds the value of zero."
2046 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:604
2048 "If the number of entries in the section header table is larger than or equal "
2049 "to B<SHN_LORESERVE> (0xff00), I<e_shnum> holds the value zero and the real "
2050 "number of entries in the section header table is held in the I<sh_size> "
2051 "member of the initial entry in section header table. Otherwise, the "
2052 "I<sh_size> member of the initial entry in the section header table holds the "
2057 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:604
2059 msgid "I<e_shstrndx>"
2063 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:611
2065 "This member holds the section header table index of the entry associated "
2066 "with the section name string table. If the file has no section name string "
2067 "table, this member holds the value B<SHN_UNDEF>."
2071 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:623
2073 "If the index of section name string table section is larger than or equal to "
2074 "B<SHN_LORESERVE> (0xff00), this member holds B<SHN_XINDEX> (0xffff) and the "
2075 "real index of the section name string table section is held in the "
2076 "I<sh_link> member of the initial entry in section header table. Otherwise, "
2077 "the I<sh_link> member of the initial entry in section header table contains "
2082 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:625 build/C/man5/elf.5:912
2084 msgid "B<SHN_UNDEF>"
2088 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:634
2090 "This value marks an undefined, missing, irrelevant, or otherwise meaningless "
2091 "section reference. For example, a symbol \"defined\" relative to section "
2092 "number B<SHN_UNDEF> is an undefined symbol."
2096 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:634 build/C/man5/elf.5:916
2098 msgid "B<SHN_LORESERVE>"
2102 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:637 build/C/man5/elf.5:919
2103 msgid "This value specifies the lower bound of the range of reserved indices."
2107 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:637 build/C/man5/elf.5:919
2109 msgid "B<SHN_LOPROC>"
2113 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:642 build/C/man5/elf.5:924
2115 "Values greater than or equal to B<SHN_HIPROC> are reserved for "
2116 "processor-specific semantics."
2120 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:642 build/C/man5/elf.5:924
2122 msgid "B<SHN_HIPROC>"
2126 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:647 build/C/man5/elf.5:929
2128 "Values less than or equal to B<SHN_LOPROC> are reserved for "
2129 "processor-specific semantics."
2133 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:647 build/C/man5/elf.5:929
2139 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:654
2141 "This value specifies absolute values for the corresponding reference. For "
2142 "example, symbols defined relative to section number B<SHN_ABS> have absolute "
2143 "values and are not affected by relocation."
2147 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:654 build/C/man5/elf.5:936
2149 msgid "B<SHN_COMMON>"
2153 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:658
2155 "Symbols defined relative to this section are common symbols, such as Fortran "
2156 "COMMON or unallocated C external variables."
2160 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:658 build/C/man5/elf.5:940
2162 msgid "B<SHN_HIRESERVE>"
2166 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:671
2168 "This value specifies the upper bound of the range of reserved indices "
2169 "between B<SHN_LORESERVE> and B<SHN_HIRESERVE>, inclusive; the values do not "
2170 "reference the section header table. That is, the section header table does "
2171 "I<not> contain entries for the reserved indices."
2175 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:693
2177 "An executable or shared object file's program header table is an array of "
2178 "structures, each describing a segment or other information the system needs "
2179 "to prepare the program for execution. An object file I<segment> contains "
2180 "one or more I<sections>. Program headers are meaningful only for executable "
2181 "and shared object files. A file specifies its own program header size with "
2182 "the ELF header's I<e_phentsize> and I<e_phnum> members. The ELF program "
2183 "header is described by the type I<Elf32_Phdr> or I<Elf64_Phdr> depending on "
2188 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:706
2191 "typedef struct {\n"
2192 " uint32_t p_type;\n"
2193 " Elf32_Off p_offset;\n"
2194 " Elf32_Addr p_vaddr;\n"
2195 " Elf32_Addr p_paddr;\n"
2196 " uint32_t p_filesz;\n"
2197 " uint32_t p_memsz;\n"
2198 " uint32_t p_flags;\n"
2199 " uint32_t p_align;\n"
2204 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:721
2207 "typedef struct {\n"
2208 " uint32_t p_type;\n"
2209 " uint32_t p_flags;\n"
2210 " Elf64_Off p_offset;\n"
2211 " Elf64_Addr p_vaddr;\n"
2212 " Elf64_Addr p_paddr;\n"
2213 " uint64_t p_filesz;\n"
2214 " uint64_t p_memsz;\n"
2215 " uint64_t p_align;\n"
2219 #. .Bl -tag -width "p_offset"
2221 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:729
2223 "The main difference between the 32-bit and the 64-bit program header lies in "
2224 "the location of the I<p_flags> member in the total struct."
2228 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:729
2233 #. .Bl -tag -width "PT_DYNAMIC"
2235 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:734
2237 "This member of the Phdr struct tells what kind of segment this array element "
2238 "describes or how to interpret the array element's information."
2242 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:735
2248 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:739
2250 "The array element is unused and the other members' values are undefined. "
2251 "This lets the program header have ignored entries."
2255 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:739
2261 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:760
2263 "The array element specifies a loadable segment, described by I<p_filesz> and "
2264 "I<p_memsz>. The bytes from the file are mapped to the beginning of the "
2265 "memory segment. If the segment's memory size I<p_memsz> is larger than the "
2266 "file size I<p_filesz>, the \"extra\" bytes are defined to hold the value 0 "
2267 "and to follow the segment's initialized area. The file size may not be "
2268 "larger than the memory size. Loadable segment entries in the program header "
2269 "table appear in ascending order, sorted on the I<p_vaddr> member."
2273 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:760
2275 msgid "B<PT_DYNAMIC>"
2279 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:763
2280 msgid "The array element specifies dynamic linking information."
2284 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:763
2286 msgid "B<PT_INTERP>"
2290 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:771
2292 "The array element specifies the location and size of a null-terminated "
2293 "pathname to invoke as an interpreter. This segment type is meaningful only "
2294 "for executable files (though it may occur for shared objects). However it "
2295 "may not occur more than once in a file. If it is present, it must precede "
2296 "any loadable segment entry."
2300 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:771
2306 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:774
2307 msgid "The array element specifies the location and size for auxiliary information."
2311 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:774
2317 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:779
2319 "This segment type is reserved but has unspecified semantics. Programs that "
2320 "contain an array element of this type do not conform to the ABI."
2324 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:779
2330 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:788
2332 "The array element, if present, specifies the location and size of the "
2333 "program header table itself, both in the file and in the memory image of the "
2334 "program. This segment type may not occur more than once in a file. "
2335 "Moreover, it may only occur if the program header table is part of the "
2336 "memory image of the program. If it is present, it must precede any loadable "
2341 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:788
2343 msgid "B<PT_LOPROC>"
2347 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:793
2349 "Values greater than or equal to B<PT_HIPROC> are reserved for "
2350 "processor-specific semantics."
2354 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:793
2356 msgid "B<PT_HIPROC>"
2360 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:798
2362 "Values less than or equal to B<PT_LOPROC> are reserved for "
2363 "processor-specific semantics."
2367 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:798
2369 msgid "B<PT_GNU_STACK>"
2374 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:805
2376 "GNU extension which is used by the Linux kernel to control the state of the "
2377 "stack via the flags set in the I<p_flags> member."
2381 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:806
2387 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:810
2389 "This member holds the offset from the beginning of the file at which the "
2390 "first byte of the segment resides."
2394 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:810
2400 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:814
2402 "This member holds the virtual address at which the first byte of the segment "
2403 "resides in memory."
2407 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:814
2413 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:822
2415 "On systems for which physical addressing is relevant, this member is "
2416 "reserved for the segment's physical address. Under BSD this member is not "
2417 "used and must be zero."
2421 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:822
2427 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:826
2429 "This member holds the number of bytes in the file image of the segment. It "
2434 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:826
2440 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:830
2442 "This member holds the number of bytes in the memory image of the segment. "
2447 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:830
2452 #. .Bl -tag -width "PF_X" -compact
2454 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:834
2455 msgid "This member holds a bitmask of flags relevant to the segment:"
2459 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:835
2465 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:839
2466 msgid "An executable segment."
2470 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:839
2476 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:842
2477 msgid "A writable segment."
2481 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:842
2487 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:845
2488 msgid "A readable segment."
2492 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:858
2494 "A text segment commonly has the flags B<PF_X> and B<PF_R>. A data segment "
2495 "commonly has B<PF_X>, B<PF_W> and B<PF_R>."
2499 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:858
2506 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:877
2508 "This member holds the value to which the segments are aligned in memory and "
2509 "in the file. Loadable process segments must have congruent values for "
2510 "I<p_vaddr> and I<p_offset>, modulo the page size. Values of zero and one "
2511 "mean no alignment is required. Otherwise, I<p_align> should be a positive, "
2512 "integral power of two, and I<p_vaddr> should equal I<p_offset>, modulo "
2517 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:894
2519 "A file's section header table lets one locate all the file's sections. The "
2520 "section header table is an array of I<Elf32_Shdr> or I<Elf64_Shdr> "
2521 "structures. The ELF header's I<e_shoff> member gives the byte offset from "
2522 "the beginning of the file to the section header table. I<e_shnum> holds the "
2523 "number of entries the section header table contains. I<e_shentsize> holds "
2524 "the size in bytes of each entry."
2527 #. .Bl -tag -width "SHN_LORESERVE"
2529 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:911
2531 "A section header table index is a subscript into this array. Some section "
2532 "header table indices are reserved: the initial entry and the indices between "
2533 "B<SHN_LORESERVE> and B<SHN_HIRESERVE>. The initial entry is used in ELF "
2534 "extensions for I<e_phnum>, I<e_shnum> and I<e_strndx>; in other cases, each "
2535 "field in the initial entry is set to zero. An object file does not have "
2536 "sections for these special indices:"
2540 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:916
2542 "This value marks an undefined, missing, irrelevant or otherwise meaningless "
2543 "section reference."
2547 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:936
2549 "This value specifies the absolute value for the corresponding reference. "
2550 "For example, a symbol defined relative to section number B<SHN_ABS> has an "
2551 "absolute value and is not affected by relocation."
2555 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:940
2557 "Symbols defined relative to this section are common symbols, such as FORTRAN "
2558 "COMMON or unallocated C external variables."
2562 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:951
2564 "This value specifies the upper bound of the range of reserved indices. The "
2565 "system reserves indices between B<SHN_LORESERVE> and B<SHN_HIRESERVE>, "
2566 "inclusive. The section header table does not contain entries for the "
2571 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:955
2572 msgid "The section header has the following structure:"
2576 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:970
2579 "typedef struct {\n"
2580 " uint32_t sh_name;\n"
2581 " uint32_t sh_type;\n"
2582 " uint32_t sh_flags;\n"
2583 " Elf32_Addr sh_addr;\n"
2584 " Elf32_Off sh_offset;\n"
2585 " uint32_t sh_size;\n"
2586 " uint32_t sh_link;\n"
2587 " uint32_t sh_info;\n"
2588 " uint32_t sh_addralign;\n"
2589 " uint32_t sh_entsize;\n"
2594 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:987
2597 "typedef struct {\n"
2598 " uint32_t sh_name;\n"
2599 " uint32_t sh_type;\n"
2600 " uint64_t sh_flags;\n"
2601 " Elf64_Addr sh_addr;\n"
2602 " Elf64_Off sh_offset;\n"
2603 " uint64_t sh_size;\n"
2604 " uint32_t sh_link;\n"
2605 " uint32_t sh_info;\n"
2606 " uint64_t sh_addralign;\n"
2607 " uint64_t sh_entsize;\n"
2611 #. .Bl -tag -width "sh_addralign"
2613 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:992
2614 msgid "No real differences exist between the 32-bit and 64-bit section headers."
2618 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:992
2624 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:998
2626 "This member specifies the name of the section. Its value is an index into "
2627 "the section header string table section, giving the location of a "
2628 "null-terminated string."
2632 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:998
2637 #. .Bl -tag -width "SHT_PROGBITS"
2639 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1002
2640 msgid "This member categorizes the section's contents and semantics."
2644 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1003
2650 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1010
2652 "This value marks the section header as inactive. It does not have an "
2653 "associated section. Other members of the section header have undefined "
2658 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1010
2660 msgid "B<SHT_PROGBITS>"
2664 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1014
2666 "This section holds information defined by the program, whose format and "
2667 "meaning are determined solely by the program."
2671 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1014
2673 msgid "B<SHT_SYMTAB>"
2677 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1027
2679 "This section holds a symbol table. Typically, B<SHT_SYMTAB> provides "
2680 "symbols for link editing, though it may also be used for dynamic linking. "
2681 "As a complete symbol table, it may contain many symbols unnecessary for "
2682 "dynamic linking. An object file can also contain a B<SHT_DYNSYM> section."
2686 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1027
2688 msgid "B<SHT_STRTAB>"
2692 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1032
2694 "This section holds a string table. An object file may have multiple string "
2699 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1032
2705 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1040
2707 "This section holds relocation entries with explicit addends, such as type "
2708 "I<Elf32_Rela> for the 32-bit class of object files. An object may have "
2709 "multiple relocation sections."
2713 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1040
2719 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1047
2721 "This section holds a symbol hash table. An object participating in dynamic "
2722 "linking must contain a symbol hash table. An object file may have only one "
2727 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1047
2729 msgid "B<SHT_DYNAMIC>"
2733 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1052
2735 "This section holds information for dynamic linking. An object file may have "
2736 "only one dynamic section."
2740 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1052
2746 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1055
2747 msgid "This section holds information that marks the file in some way."
2751 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1055
2753 msgid "B<SHT_NOBITS>"
2757 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1063
2759 "A section of this type occupies no space in the file but otherwise resembles "
2760 "B<SHT_PROGBITS>. Although this section contains no bytes, the I<sh_offset> "
2761 "member contains the conceptual file offset."
2765 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1063
2771 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1071
2773 "This section holds relocation offsets without explicit addends, such as type "
2774 "I<Elf32_Rel> for the 32-bit class of object files. An object file may have "
2775 "multiple relocation sections."
2779 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1071
2781 msgid "B<SHT_SHLIB>"
2785 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1074
2786 msgid "This section is reserved but has unspecified semantics."
2790 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1074
2792 msgid "B<SHT_DYNSYM>"
2796 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1081
2798 "This section holds a minimal set of dynamic linking symbols. An object file "
2799 "can also contain a B<SHT_SYMTAB> section."
2803 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1081
2805 msgid "B<SHT_LOPROC>"
2809 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1086
2811 "This value up to and including B<SHT_HIPROC> is reserved for "
2812 "processor-specific semantics."
2816 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1086
2818 msgid "B<SHT_HIPROC>"
2822 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1091
2824 "This value down to and including B<SHT_LOPROC> is reserved for "
2825 "processor-specific semantics."
2829 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1091
2831 msgid "B<SHT_LOUSER>"
2835 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1095
2837 "This value specifies the lower bound of the range of indices reserved for "
2838 "application programs."
2842 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1095
2844 msgid "B<SHT_HIUSER>"
2849 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1106
2851 "This value specifies the upper bound of the range of indices reserved for "
2852 "application programs. Section types between B<SHT_LOUSER> and B<SHT_HIUSER> "
2853 "may be used by the application, without conflicting with current or future "
2854 "system-defined section types."
2858 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1107
2863 #. .Bl -tag -width "SHF_EXECINSTR" -compact
2865 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1120
2867 "Sections support one-bit flags that describe miscellaneous attributes. If a "
2868 "flag bit is set in I<sh_flags>, the attribute is \"on\" for the section. "
2869 "Otherwise, the attribute is \"off\" or does not apply. Undefined attributes "
2874 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1121
2876 msgid "B<SHF_WRITE>"
2880 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1125
2881 msgid "This section contains data that should be writable during process execution."
2885 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1125
2887 msgid "B<SHF_ALLOC>"
2891 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1132
2893 "This section occupies memory during process execution. Some control "
2894 "sections do not reside in the memory image of an object file. This "
2895 "attribute is off for those sections."
2899 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1132
2901 msgid "B<SHF_EXECINSTR>"
2905 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1135
2906 msgid "This section contains executable machine instructions."
2910 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1135
2912 msgid "B<SHF_MASKPROC>"
2916 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1139
2918 "All bits included in this mask are reserved for processor-specific "
2923 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1141
2929 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1146
2931 "If this section appears in the memory image of a process, this member holds "
2932 "the address at which the section's first byte should reside. Otherwise, the "
2933 "member contains zero."
2937 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1146
2939 msgid "I<sh_offset>"
2943 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1155
2945 "This member's value holds the byte offset from the beginning of the file to "
2946 "the first byte in the section. One section type, B<SHT_NOBITS>, occupies no "
2947 "space in the file, and its I<sh_offset> member locates the conceptual "
2948 "placement in the file."
2952 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1155
2958 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1167
2960 "This member holds the section's size in bytes. Unless the section type is "
2961 "B<SHT_NOBITS>, the section occupies I<sh_size> bytes in the file. A section "
2962 "of type B<SHT_NOBITS> may have a nonzero size, but it occupies no space in "
2967 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1167
2973 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1171
2975 "This member holds a section header table index link, whose interpretation "
2976 "depends on the section type."
2980 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1171
2986 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1175
2988 "This member holds extra information, whose interpretation depends on the "
2993 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1175
2995 msgid "I<sh_addralign>"
2999 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1188
3001 "Some sections have address alignment constraints. If a section holds a "
3002 "doubleword, the system must ensure doubleword alignment for the entire "
3003 "section. That is, the value of I<sh_addr> must be congruent to zero, modulo "
3004 "the value of I<sh_addralign>. Only zero and positive integral powers of two "
3005 "are allowed. Values of zero or one mean the section has no alignment "
3010 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1188
3012 msgid "I<sh_entsize>"
3017 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1195
3019 "Some sections hold a table of fixed-sized entries, such as a symbol table. "
3020 "For such a section, this member gives the size in bytes for each entry. "
3021 "This member contains zero if the section does not hold a table of fixed-size "
3025 #. .Bl -tag -width ".shstrtab"
3027 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1198
3028 msgid "Various sections hold program and control information:"
3032 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1198
3038 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1210
3040 "This section holds uninitialized data that contributes to the program's "
3041 "memory image. By definition, the system initializes the data with zeros "
3042 "when the program begins to run. This section is of type B<SHT_NOBITS>. The "
3043 "attribute types are B<SHF_ALLOC> and B<SHF_WRITE>."
3047 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1210
3053 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1216
3055 "This section holds version control information. This section is of type "
3056 "B<SHT_PROGBITS>. No attribute types are used."
3060 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1216
3066 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1225
3068 "This section holds initialized pointers to the C++ constructor functions. "
3069 "This section is of type B<SHT_PROGBITS>. The attribute types are "
3070 "B<SHF_ALLOC> and B<SHF_WRITE>."
3074 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1225
3080 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1235 build/C/man5/elf.5:1245
3082 "This section holds initialized data that contribute to the program's memory "
3083 "image. This section is of type B<SHT_PROGBITS>. The attribute types are "
3084 "B<SHF_ALLOC> and B<SHF_WRITE>."
3088 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1235
3094 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1245
3100 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1253
3102 "This section holds information for symbolic debugging. The contents are "
3103 "unspecified. This section is of type B<SHT_PROGBITS>. No attribute types "
3108 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1253
3114 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1262
3116 "This section holds initialized pointers to the C++ destructor functions. "
3117 "This section is of type B<SHT_PROGBITS>. The attribute types are "
3118 "B<SHF_ALLOC> and B<SHF_WRITE>."
3122 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1262
3128 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1275
3130 "This section holds dynamic linking information. The section's attributes "
3131 "will include the B<SHF_ALLOC> bit. Whether the B<SHF_WRITE> bit is set is "
3132 "processor-specific. This section is of type B<SHT_DYNAMIC>. See the "
3137 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1275
3143 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1283
3145 "This section holds strings needed for dynamic linking, most commonly the "
3146 "strings that represent the names associated with symbol table entries. This "
3147 "section is of type B<SHT_STRTAB>. The attribute type used is B<SHF_ALLOC>."
3151 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1283
3157 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1290
3159 "This section holds the dynamic linking symbol table. This section is of "
3160 "type B<SHT_DYNSYM>. The attribute used is B<SHF_ALLOC>."
3164 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1290
3170 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1302
3172 "This section holds executable instructions that contribute to the process "
3173 "termination code. When a program exits normally the system arranges to "
3174 "execute the code in this section. This section is of type B<SHT_PROGBITS>. "
3175 "The attributes used are B<SHF_ALLOC> and B<SHF_EXECINSTR>."
3179 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1302
3181 msgid "I<.gnu.version>"
3185 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1311
3187 "This section holds the version symbol table, an array of I<ElfN_Half> "
3188 "elements. This section is of type B<SHT_GNU_versym>. The attribute type "
3189 "used is B<SHF_ALLOC>."
3193 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1311
3195 msgid "I<.gnu.version_d>"
3199 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1320
3201 "This section holds the version symbol definitions, a table of I<ElfN_Verdef> "
3202 "structures. This section is of type B<SHT_GNU_verdef>. The attribute type "
3203 "used is B<SHF_ALLOC>."
3207 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1320
3209 msgid "I<.gnu.version_r>"
3213 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1330
3215 "This section holds the version symbol needed elements, a table of "
3216 "I<ElfN_Verneed> structures. This section is of type B<SHT_GNU_versym>. The "
3217 "attribute type used is B<SHF_ALLOC>."
3221 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1330
3227 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1336
3229 "This section holds the global offset table. This section is of type "
3230 "B<SHT_PROGBITS>. The attributes are processor specific."
3234 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1336
3240 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1343
3242 "This section holds a symbol hash table. This section is of type "
3243 "B<SHT_HASH>. The attribute used is B<SHF_ALLOC>."
3247 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1343
3253 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1355
3255 "This section holds executable instructions that contribute to the process "
3256 "initialization code. When a program starts to run the system arranges to "
3257 "execute the code in this section before calling the main program entry "
3258 "point. This section is of type B<SHT_PROGBITS>. The attributes used are "
3259 "B<SHF_ALLOC> and B<SHF_EXECINSTR>."
3263 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1355
3269 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1366
3271 "This section holds the pathname of a program interpreter. If the file has a "
3272 "loadable segment that includes the section, the section's attributes will "
3273 "include the B<SHF_ALLOC> bit. Otherwise, that bit will be off. This "
3274 "section is of type B<SHT_PROGBITS>."
3278 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1366
3284 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1374
3286 "This section holds line number information for symbolic debugging, which "
3287 "describes the correspondence between the program source and the machine "
3288 "code. The contents are unspecified. This section is of type "
3289 "B<SHT_PROGBITS>. No attribute types are used."
3293 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1374
3299 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1387
3301 "This section holds information in the \"Note Section\" format. This section "
3302 "is of type B<SHT_NOTE>. No attribute types are used. OpenBSD native "
3303 "executables usually contain a I<.note.openbsd.ident> section to identify "
3304 "themselves, for the kernel to bypass any compatibility ELF binary emulation "
3305 "tests when loading the file."
3309 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1387
3311 msgid "I<.note.GNU-stack>"
3315 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1396
3317 "This section is used in Linux object files for declaring stack attributes. "
3318 "This section is of type B<SHT_PROGBITS>. The only attribute used is "
3319 "B<SHF_EXECINSTR>. This indicates to the GNU linker that the object file "
3320 "requires an executable stack."
3324 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1396
3330 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1402
3332 "This section holds the procedure linkage table. This section is of type "
3333 "B<SHT_PROGBITS>. The attributes are processor specific."
3337 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1402
3343 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1421
3345 "This section holds relocation information as described below. If the file "
3346 "has a loadable segment that includes relocation, the section's attributes "
3347 "will include the B<SHF_ALLOC> bit. Otherwise the bit will be off. By "
3348 "convention, \"NAME\" is supplied by the section to which the relocations "
3349 "apply. Thus a relocation section for B<.text> normally would have the name "
3350 "B<.rel.text>. This section is of type B<SHT_REL>."
3354 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1421
3356 msgid "I<.relaNAME>"
3360 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1440
3362 "This section holds relocation information as described below. If the file "
3363 "has a loadable segment that includes relocation, the section's attributes "
3364 "will include the B<SHF_ALLOC> bit. Otherwise the bit will be off. By "
3365 "convention, \"NAME\" is supplied by the section to which the relocations "
3366 "apply. Thus a relocation section for B<.text> normally would have the name "
3367 "B<.rela.text>. This section is of type B<SHT_RELA>."
3371 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1440
3377 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1448 build/C/man5/elf.5:1456
3379 "This section holds read-only data that typically contributes to a "
3380 "nonwritable segment in the process image. This section is of type "
3381 "B<SHT_PROGBITS>. The attribute used is B<SHF_ALLOC>."
3385 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1448
3391 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1456
3393 msgid "I<.shstrtab>"
3397 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1462
3399 "This section holds section names. This section is of type B<SHT_STRTAB>. "
3400 "No attribute types are used."
3404 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1462
3410 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1474
3412 "This section holds strings, most commonly the strings that represent the "
3413 "names associated with symbol table entries. If the file has a loadable "
3414 "segment that includes the symbol string table, the section's attributes will "
3415 "include the B<SHF_ALLOC> bit. Otherwise the bit will be off. This section "
3416 "is of type B<SHT_STRTAB>."
3420 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1474
3426 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1485
3428 "This section holds a symbol table. If the file has a loadable segment that "
3429 "includes the symbol table, the section's attributes will include the "
3430 "B<SHF_ALLOC> bit. Otherwise the bit will be off. This section is of type "
3435 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1485
3442 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1497
3444 "This section holds the \"text\", or executable instructions, of a program. "
3445 "This section is of type B<SHT_PROGBITS>. The attributes used are "
3446 "B<SHF_ALLOC> and B<SHF_EXECINSTR>."
3450 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1508
3452 "String table sections hold null-terminated character sequences, commonly "
3453 "called strings. The object file uses these strings to represent symbol and "
3454 "section names. One references a string as an index into the string table "
3455 "section. The first byte, which is index zero, is defined to hold a null "
3456 "byte (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq). Similarly, a string table's last byte is defined to "
3457 "hold a null byte, ensuring null termination for all strings."
3461 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1513
3463 "An object file's symbol table holds information needed to locate and "
3464 "relocate a program's symbolic definitions and references. A symbol table "
3465 "index is a subscript into this array."
3469 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1524
3472 "typedef struct {\n"
3473 " uint32_t st_name;\n"
3474 " Elf32_Addr st_value;\n"
3475 " uint32_t st_size;\n"
3476 " unsigned char st_info;\n"
3477 " unsigned char st_other;\n"
3478 " uint16_t st_shndx;\n"
3483 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1537
3486 "typedef struct {\n"
3487 " uint32_t st_name;\n"
3488 " unsigned char st_info;\n"
3489 " unsigned char st_other;\n"
3490 " uint16_t st_shndx;\n"
3491 " Elf64_Addr st_value;\n"
3492 " uint64_t st_size;\n"
3496 #. .Bl -tag -width "st_value"
3498 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1543
3500 "The 32-bit and 64-bit versions have the same members, just in a different "
3505 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1543
3511 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1551
3513 "This member holds an index into the object file's symbol string table, which "
3514 "holds character representations of the symbol names. If the value is "
3515 "nonzero, it represents a string table index that gives the symbol name. "
3516 "Otherwise, the symbol table has no name."
3520 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1551
3526 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1554
3527 msgid "This member gives the value of the associated symbol."
3531 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1554
3537 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1559
3539 "Many symbols have associated sizes. This member holds zero if the symbol "
3540 "has no size or an unknown size."
3544 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1559
3549 #. .Bl -tag -width "STT_SECTION"
3551 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1563
3552 msgid "This member specifies the symbol's type and binding attributes:"
3556 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1564
3558 msgid "B<STT_NOTYPE>"
3562 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1567
3563 msgid "The symbol's type is not defined."
3567 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1567
3569 msgid "B<STT_OBJECT>"
3573 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1570
3574 msgid "The symbol is associated with a data object."
3578 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1570
3584 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1573
3585 msgid "The symbol is associated with a function or other executable code."
3589 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1573
3591 msgid "B<STT_SECTION>"
3595 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1580
3597 "The symbol is associated with a section. Symbol table entries of this type "
3598 "exist primarily for relocation and normally have B<STB_LOCAL> bindings."
3602 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1580
3608 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1591
3610 "By convention, the symbol's name gives the name of the source file "
3611 "associated with the object file. A file symbol has B<STB_LOCAL> bindings, "
3612 "its section index is B<SHN_ABS>, and it precedes the other B<STB_LOCAL> "
3613 "symbols of the file, if it is present."
3617 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1591
3619 msgid "B<STT_LOPROC>"
3623 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1596
3625 "This value up to and including B<STT_HIPROC> is reserved for "
3626 "processor-specific semantics."
3630 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1596
3632 msgid "B<STT_HIPROC>"
3636 #. .Bl -tag -width "STB_GLOBAL"
3638 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1603
3640 "This value down to and including B<STT_LOPROC> is reserved for "
3641 "processor-specific semantics."
3645 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1603
3647 msgid "B<STB_LOCAL>"
3651 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1609
3653 "Local symbols are not visible outside the object file containing their "
3654 "definition. Local symbols of the same name may exist in multiple files "
3655 "without interfering with each other."
3659 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1609
3661 msgid "B<STB_GLOBAL>"
3665 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1615
3667 "Global symbols are visible to all object files being combined. One file's "
3668 "definition of a global symbol will satisfy another file's undefined "
3669 "reference to the same symbol."
3673 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1615
3679 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1619
3681 "Weak symbols resemble global symbols, but their definitions have lower "
3686 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1619
3688 msgid "B<STB_LOPROC>"
3692 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1624
3694 "This value up to and including B<STB_HIPROC> is reserved for "
3695 "processor-specific semantics."
3699 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1624
3701 msgid "B<STB_HIPROC>"
3705 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1629
3707 "This value down to and including B<STB_LOPROC> is reserved for "
3708 "processor-specific semantics."
3712 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1631
3713 msgid "There are macros for packing and unpacking the binding and type fields:"
3717 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1638
3719 "B<ELF32_ST_BIND>(info) or B<ELF64_ST_BIND>(info) extract a binding from an "
3724 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1642
3725 msgid "B<ELF32_ST_TYPE>(info) or B<ELF64_ST_TYPE>(info)"
3729 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1646
3730 msgid "extract a type from an I<st_info> value."
3734 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1650
3735 msgid "B<ELF32_ST_INFO>(bind, type) or B<ELF64_ST_INFO>(bind, type)"
3739 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1654
3740 msgid "convert a binding and a type into an I<st_info> value."
3744 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1656
3749 #. .Bl -tag -width "STV_PROTECTED"
3751 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1660
3752 msgid "This member defines the symbol visibility."
3756 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1661
3758 msgid "B<STV_DEFAULT>"
3762 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1665
3763 msgid "Default symbol visibility rules."
3767 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1665
3769 msgid "B<STV_INTERNAL>"
3773 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1668
3774 msgid "Processor-specific hidden class."
3778 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1668
3780 msgid "B<STV_HIDDEN>"
3784 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1671
3785 msgid "Symbol is unavailable in other modules."
3789 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1671
3791 msgid "B<STV_PROTECTED>"
3795 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1674
3796 msgid "Not preemptible, not exported."
3800 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1677
3801 msgid "There are macros for extracting the visibility type:"
3805 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1681
3806 msgid "B<ELF32_ST_VISIBILITY>(other) or B<ELF64_ST_VISIBILITY>(other)"
3810 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1683
3817 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1691
3819 "Every symbol table entry is \"defined\" in relation to some section. This "
3820 "member holds the relevant section header table index."
3824 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1699
3826 "Relocation is the process of connecting symbolic references with symbolic "
3827 "definitions. Relocatable files must have information that describes how to "
3828 "modify their section contents, thus allowing executable and shared object "
3829 "files to hold the right information for a process's program image. "
3830 "Relocation entries are these data."
3834 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1701
3835 msgid "Relocation structures that do not need an addend:"
3839 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1708
3842 "typedef struct {\n"
3843 " Elf32_Addr r_offset;\n"
3844 " uint32_t r_info;\n"
3849 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1717
3852 "typedef struct {\n"
3853 " Elf64_Addr r_offset;\n"
3854 " uint64_t r_info;\n"
3859 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1721
3860 msgid "Relocation structures that need an addend:"
3864 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1729
3867 "typedef struct {\n"
3868 " Elf32_Addr r_offset;\n"
3869 " uint32_t r_info;\n"
3870 " int32_t r_addend;\n"
3875 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1739
3878 "typedef struct {\n"
3879 " Elf64_Addr r_offset;\n"
3880 " uint64_t r_info;\n"
3881 " int64_t r_addend;\n"
3886 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1742
3892 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1750
3894 "This member gives the location at which to apply the relocation action. For "
3895 "a relocatable file, the value is the byte offset from the beginning of the "
3896 "section to the storage unit affected by the relocation. For an executable "
3897 "file or shared object, the value is the virtual address of the storage unit "
3898 "affected by the relocation."
3902 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1750
3908 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1765
3910 "This member gives both the symbol table index with respect to which the "
3911 "relocation must be made and the type of relocation to apply. Relocation "
3912 "types are processor specific. When the text refers to a relocation entry's "
3913 "relocation type or symbol table index, it means the result of applying "
3914 "B<ELF_[32|64]_R_TYPE> or B<ELF[32|64]_R_SYM>, respectively, to the entry's "
3919 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1765
3926 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1770
3928 "This member specifies a constant addend used to compute the value to be "
3929 "stored into the relocatable field."
3933 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1775
3935 "The .dynamic section contains a series of structures that hold relevant "
3936 "dynamic linking information. The d_tag member controls the interpretation "
3941 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1786
3944 "typedef struct {\n"
3945 " Elf32_Sword d_tag;\n"
3947 " Elf32_Word d_val;\n"
3948 " Elf32_Addr d_ptr;\n"
3951 "extern Elf32_Dyn _DYNAMIC[];\n"
3955 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1799
3958 "typedef struct {\n"
3959 " Elf64_Sxword d_tag;\n"
3961 " Elf64_Xword d_val;\n"
3962 " Elf64_Addr d_ptr;\n"
3965 "extern Elf64_Dyn _DYNAMIC[];\n"
3969 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1802
3974 #. .Bl -tag -width "DT_SYMBOLIC"
3976 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1806
3977 msgid "This member may have any of the following values:"
3981 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1807
3987 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1810
3988 msgid "Marks end of dynamic section"
3992 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1810
3994 msgid "B<DT_NEEDED>"
3998 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1813
3999 msgid "String table offset to name of a needed library"
4003 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1813
4005 msgid "B<DT_PLTRELSZ>"
4009 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1816
4010 msgid "Size in bytes of PLT relocs"
4014 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1816
4016 msgid "B<DT_PLTGOT>"
4020 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1819
4021 msgid "Address of PLT and/or GOT"
4025 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1819
4031 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1822
4032 msgid "Address of symbol hash table"
4036 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1822
4038 msgid "B<DT_STRTAB>"
4042 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1825
4043 msgid "Address of string table"
4047 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1825
4049 msgid "B<DT_SYMTAB>"
4053 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1828
4054 msgid "Address of symbol table"
4058 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1828
4064 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1831
4065 msgid "Address of Rela relocs table"
4069 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1831
4071 msgid "B<DT_RELASZ>"
4075 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1834
4076 msgid "Size in bytes of Rela table"
4080 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1834
4082 msgid "B<DT_RELAENT>"
4086 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1837
4087 msgid "Size in bytes of a Rela table entry"
4091 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1837
4097 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1840
4098 msgid "Size in bytes of string table"
4102 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1840
4104 msgid "B<DT_SYMENT>"
4108 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1843
4109 msgid "Size in bytes of a symbol table entry"
4113 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1843
4119 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1846
4120 msgid "Address of the initialization function"
4124 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1846
4130 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1849
4131 msgid "Address of the termination function"
4135 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1849
4137 msgid "B<DT_SONAME>"
4141 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1852
4142 msgid "String table offset to name of shared object"
4146 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1852
4152 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1855
4153 msgid "String table offset to library search path (deprecated)"
4157 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1855
4159 msgid "B<DT_SYMBOLIC>"
4163 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1858
4164 msgid "Alert linker to search this shared object before the executable for symbols"
4168 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1858
4174 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1861
4175 msgid "Address of Rel relocs table"
4179 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1861
4185 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1864
4186 msgid "Size in bytes of Rel table"
4190 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1864
4192 msgid "B<DT_RELENT>"
4196 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1867
4197 msgid "Size in bytes of a Rel table entry"
4201 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1867
4203 msgid "B<DT_PLTREL>"
4207 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1870
4208 msgid "Type of reloc the PLT refers (Rela or Rel)"
4212 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1870
4218 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1873
4219 msgid "Undefined use for debugging"
4223 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1873
4225 msgid "B<DT_TEXTREL>"
4229 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1876
4230 msgid "Absence of this indicates no relocs should apply to a nonwritable segment"
4234 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1876
4236 msgid "B<DT_JMPREL>"
4240 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1879
4241 msgid "Address of reloc entries solely for the PLT"
4245 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1879
4247 msgid "B<DT_BIND_NOW>"
4251 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1883
4253 "Instruct dynamic linker to process all relocs before transferring control to "
4258 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1883
4260 msgid "B<DT_RUNPATH>"
4264 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1886
4265 msgid "String table offset to library search path"
4269 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1886
4271 msgid "B<DT_LOPROC>"
4275 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1889
4276 msgid "Start of processor-specific semantics"
4280 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1889
4282 msgid "B<DT_HIPROC>"
4286 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1892
4287 msgid "End of processor-specific semantics"
4291 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1894
4297 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1897
4298 msgid "This member represents integer values with various interpretations."
4302 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1897
4308 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1905
4310 "This member represents program virtual addresses. When interpreting these "
4311 "addresses, the actual address should be computed based on the original file "
4312 "value and memory base address. Files do not contain relocation entries to "
4313 "fixup these addresses."
4317 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1905
4324 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1910
4326 "Array containing all the dynamic structures in the .dynamic section. This "
4327 "is automatically populated by the linker."
4331 #. ELF support first appeared in
4333 #. although not all supported platforms use it as the native
4334 #. binary file format.
4336 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1919
4337 msgid "ELF first appeared in System V. The ELF format is an adopted standard."
4341 #. The original version of this manual page was written by
4342 #. .An Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven
4343 #. .Aq asmodai@FreeBSD.org
4344 #. with inspiration from BSDi's
4349 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1937
4351 "The extensions for I<e_phnum>, I<e_shnum> and I<e_strndx> respectively are "
4352 "Linux extensions. Sun, BSD and AMD64 also support them; for further "
4353 "information, look under SEE ALSO."
4357 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1944
4358 msgid "B<as>(1), B<gdb>(1), B<ld>(1), B<objdump>(1), B<execve>(2), B<core>(5)"
4362 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1947
4363 msgid "Hewlett-Packard, I<Elf-64 Object File Format>."
4367 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1950
4368 msgid "Santa Cruz Operation, I<System V Application Binary Interface>."
4372 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1954
4374 "UNIX System Laboratories, \"Object Files\", I<Executable and Linking Format "
4379 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1957
4380 msgid "Sun Microsystems, I<Linker and Libraries Guide>."
4384 #: build/C/man5/elf.5:1960
4386 "AMD64 ABI Draft, I<System V Application Binary Interface AMD64 Architecture "
4387 "Processor Supplement>."
4391 #: build/C/man3/end.3:25
4397 #: build/C/man3/end.3:25
4403 #: build/C/man3/end.3:28
4404 msgid "etext, edata, end - end of program segments"
4408 #: build/C/man3/end.3:33
4411 "B<extern>I< etext>B<;>\n"
4412 "B<extern>I< edata>B<;>\n"
4413 "B<extern>I< end>B<;>\n"
4417 #: build/C/man3/end.3:37
4418 msgid "The addresses of these symbols indicate the end of various program segments:"
4422 #: build/C/man3/end.3:37
4428 #: build/C/man3/end.3:41
4430 "This is the first address past the end of the text segment (the program "
4435 #: build/C/man3/end.3:41
4441 #: build/C/man3/end.3:45
4442 msgid "This is the first address past the end of the initialized data segment."
4446 #: build/C/man3/end.3:45
4452 #: build/C/man3/end.3:49
4454 "This is the first address past the end of the uninitialized data segment "
4455 "(also known as the BSS segment)."
4459 #: build/C/man3/end.3:52
4461 "Although these symbols have long been provided on most UNIX systems, they "
4462 "are not standardized; use with caution."
4466 #: build/C/man3/end.3:55
4468 "The program must explicitly declare these symbols; they are not defined in "
4473 #: build/C/man3/end.3:63
4475 "On some systems the names of these symbols are preceded by underscores, "
4476 "thus: I<_etext>, I<_edata>, and I<_end>. These symbols are also defined for "
4477 "programs compiled on Linux."
4481 #: build/C/man3/end.3:75
4483 "At the start of program execution, the program break will be somewhere near "
4484 "I<&end> (perhaps at the start of the following page). However, the break "
4485 "will change as memory is allocated via B<brk>(2) or B<malloc>(3). Use "
4486 "B<sbrk>(2) with an argument of zero to find the current value of the "
4491 #: build/C/man3/end.3:77
4492 msgid "When run, the program below produces output such as the following:"
4496 #: build/C/man3/end.3:85
4500 "First address past:\n"
4501 " program text (etext) 0x8048568\n"
4502 " initialized data (edata) 0x804a01c\n"
4503 " uninitialized data (end) 0x804a024\n"
4507 #: build/C/man3/end.3:87
4509 msgid "Program source"
4513 #: build/C/man3/end.3:92
4516 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
4517 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
4521 #: build/C/man3/end.3:95
4524 "extern char etext, edata, end; /* The symbols must have some type,\n"
4525 " or \"gcc -Wall\" complains */\n"
4529 #: build/C/man3/end.3:103
4533 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
4535 " printf(\"First address past:\\en\");\n"
4536 " printf(\" program text (etext) %10p\\en\", &etext);\n"
4537 " printf(\" initialized data (edata) %10p\\en\", &edata);\n"
4538 " printf(\" uninitialized data (end) %10p\\en\", &end);\n"
4542 #: build/C/man3/end.3:112
4543 msgid "B<objdump>(1), B<readelf>(1), B<sbrk>(2), B<elf>(5)"
4547 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:2
4553 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:2
4559 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:5
4560 msgid "ld.so, ld-linux.so* - dynamic linker/loader"
4564 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:12
4566 "The dynamic linker can be run either indirectly by running some dynamically "
4567 "linked program or library (in which case no command-line options to the "
4568 "dynamic linker can be passed and, in the ELF case, the dynamic linker which "
4569 "is stored in the B<.interp> section of the program is executed) or directly "
4574 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:15
4575 msgid "I</lib/ld-linux.so.*> [OPTIONS] [PROGRAM [ARGUMENTS]]"
4579 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:22
4581 "The programs B<ld.so> and B<ld-linux.so*> find and load the shared libraries "
4582 "needed by a program, prepare the program to run, and then run it."
4586 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:29
4588 "Linux binaries require dynamic linking (linking at run time) unless the "
4589 "B<-static> option was given to B<ld>(1) during compilation."
4593 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:42
4595 "The program B<ld.so> handles a.out binaries, a format used long ago; "
4596 "B<ld-linux.so*> handles ELF (I</lib/ld-linux.so.1> for libc5, "
4597 "I</lib/ld-linux.so.2> for glibc2), which everybody has been using for years "
4598 "now. Otherwise both have the same behavior, and use the same support files "
4599 "and programs B<ldd>(1), B<ldconfig>(8) and I</etc/ld.so.conf>."
4603 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:45
4605 "The shared libraries needed by the program are searched for in the following "
4610 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:50
4612 "(ELF only) Using the directories specified in the DT_RPATH dynamic section "
4613 "attribute of the binary if present and DT_RUNPATH attribute does not exist. "
4614 "Use of DT_RPATH is deprecated."
4618 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:55
4620 "Using the environment variable B<LD_LIBRARY_PATH>. Except if the executable "
4621 "is a set-user-ID/set-group-ID binary, in which case it is ignored."
4625 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:59
4627 "(ELF only) Using the directories specified in the DT_RUNPATH dynamic section "
4628 "attribute of the binary if present."
4632 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:69
4634 "From the cache file I</etc/ld.so.cache> which contains a compiled list of "
4635 "candidate libraries previously found in the augmented library path. If, "
4636 "however, the binary was linked with the B<-z nodeflib> linker option, "
4637 "libraries in the default library paths are skipped. Libraries installed in "
4638 "hardware capability directories (see below) are preferred to other "
4643 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:77
4645 "In the default path I</lib>, and then I</usr/lib>. If the binary was linked "
4646 "with the B<-z nodeflib> linker option, this step is skipped."
4650 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:77
4652 msgid "$ORIGIN and rpath"
4655 #. ld.so also understands $LIB, with the same meaning as $ORIGIN/lib,
4658 #. There is also $PLATFORM. This is a kind of wildcard
4659 #. of directories related at AT_HWCAP. To get an idea of the
4660 #. places that $PLATFORM would match, look at the output of the
4664 #. LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/tmp/d strace -e open /bin/date 2>&1 | grep /tmp/d
4666 #. ld.so lets names be abbreviated, so $O will work for $ORIGIN;
4669 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:112
4671 "B<ld.so> understands the string I<$ORIGIN> (or equivalently I<${ORIGIN}>) "
4672 "in an rpath specification (DT_RPATH or DT_RUNPATH) to mean the directory "
4673 "containing the application executable. Thus, an application located in "
4674 "I<somedir/app> could be compiled with I<gcc "
4675 "-Wl,-rpath,\\(aq$ORIGIN/../lib\\(aq> so that it finds an associated shared "
4676 "library in I<somedir/lib> no matter where I<somedir> is located in the "
4677 "directory hierarchy. This facilitates the creation of \"turn-key\" "
4678 "applications that do not need to be installed into special directories, but "
4679 "can instead be unpacked into any directory and still find their own shared "
4684 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:112 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:100 build/C/man1/ldd.1:19
4690 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:113
4696 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:116
4697 msgid "List all dependencies and how they are resolved."
4701 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:116
4707 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:120
4709 "Verify that program is dynamically linked and this dynamic linker can handle "
4714 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:120
4716 msgid "B<--library-path PATH>"
4720 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:125
4722 "Use PATH instead of B<LD_LIBRARY_PATH> environment variable setting (see "
4727 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:125
4729 msgid "B<--inhibit-rpath LIST>"
4733 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:131
4735 "Ignore RPATH and RUNPATH information in object names in LIST. This option "
4736 "is ignored if B<ld.so> is set-user-ID or set-group-ID."
4740 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:131
4742 msgid "B<--audit LIST>"
4746 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:134
4747 msgid "Use objects named in LIST as auditors."
4751 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:134
4753 msgid "HARDWARE CAPABILITIES"
4757 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:145
4759 "Some libraries are compiled using hardware-specific instructions which do "
4760 "not exist on every CPU. Such libraries should be installed in directories "
4761 "whose names define the required hardware capabilities, such as "
4762 "I</usr/lib/sse2/>. The dynamic linker checks these directories against the "
4763 "hardware of the machine and selects the most suitable version of a given "
4764 "library. Hardware capability directories can be cascaded to combine CPU "
4765 "features. The list of supported hardware capability names depends on the "
4766 "CPU. The following names are currently recognized:"
4770 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:145
4776 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:148
4777 msgid "ev4, ev5, ev56, ev6, ev67"
4781 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:148
4787 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:151
4788 msgid "loongson2e, loongson2f, octeon, octeon2"
4792 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:151
4798 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:156
4800 "4xxmac, altivec, arch_2_05, arch_2_06, booke, cellbe, dfp, efpdouble, "
4801 "efpsingle, fpu, ic_snoop, mmu, notb, pa6t, power4, power5, power5+, power6x, "
4802 "ppc32, ppc601, ppc64, smt, spe, ucache, vsx"
4806 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:156
4812 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:159
4813 msgid "flush, muldiv, stbar, swap, ultra3, v9, v9v, v9v2"
4817 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:159
4823 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:163
4825 "dfp, eimm, esan3, etf3enh, g5, highgprs, hpage, ldisp, msa, stfle, z900, "
4826 "z990, z9-109, z10, zarch"
4830 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:164
4832 msgid "B<x86 (32-bit only)>"
4836 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:168
4838 "acpi, apic, clflush, cmov, cx8, dts, fxsr, ht, i386, i486, i586, i686, mca, "
4839 "mmx, mtrr, pat, pbe, pge, pn, pse36, sep, ss, sse, sse2, tm"
4843 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:168
4849 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:170
4850 msgid "There are four important environment variables."
4854 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:170
4856 msgid "B<LD_BIND_NOW>"
4860 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:178
4862 "(libc5; glibc since 2.1.1) If set to a nonempty string, causes the dynamic "
4863 "linker to resolve all symbols at program startup instead of deferring "
4864 "function call resolution to the point when they are first referenced. This "
4865 "is useful when using a debugger."
4869 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:178
4871 msgid "B<LD_LIBRARY_PATH>"
4875 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:185
4877 "A colon-separated list of directories in which to search for ELF libraries "
4878 "at execution-time. Similar to the B<PATH> environment variable."
4882 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:185
4884 msgid "B<LD_PRELOAD>"
4888 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:193
4890 "A whitespace-separated list of additional, user-specified, ELF shared "
4891 "libraries to be loaded before all others. This can be used to selectively "
4892 "override functions in other shared libraries. For set-user-ID/set-group-ID "
4893 "ELF binaries, only libraries in the standard search directories that are "
4894 "also set-user-ID will be loaded."
4898 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:193
4900 msgid "B<LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS>"
4904 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:200
4906 "(ELF only) If set to a nonempty string, causes the program to list its "
4907 "dynamic library dependencies, as if run by B<ldd>(1), instead of running "
4912 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:203
4914 "Then there are lots of more or less obscure variables, many obsolete or only "
4919 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:203
4921 msgid "B<LD_AOUT_LIBRARY_PATH>"
4925 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:211
4927 "(libc5) Version of B<LD_LIBRARY_PATH> for a.out binaries only. Old "
4928 "versions of ld-linux.so.1 also supported B<LD_ELF_LIBRARY_PATH>."
4932 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:211
4934 msgid "B<LD_AOUT_PRELOAD>"
4938 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:219
4940 "(libc5) Version of B<LD_PRELOAD> for a.out binaries only. Old versions of "
4941 "ld-linux.so.1 also supported B<LD_ELF_PRELOAD>."
4945 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:219
4951 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:229
4953 "(glibc since 2.4) A colon-separated list of user-specified, ELF shared "
4954 "objects to be loaded before all others in a separate linker namespace (i.e., "
4955 "one that does not intrude upon the normal symbol bindings that would occur "
4956 "in the process). These libraries can be used to audit the operation of the "
4957 "dynamic linker. B<LD_AUDIT> is ignored for set-user-ID/set-group-ID "
4962 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:242
4964 "The dynamic linker will notify the audit libraries at so-called auditing "
4965 "checkpoints\\(emfor example, loading a new library, resolving a symbol, or "
4966 "calling a symbol from another shared object\\(emby calling an appropriate "
4967 "function within the audit library. For details, see B<rtld-audit>(7). The "
4968 "auditing interface is largely compatible with that provided on Solaris, as "
4969 "described in its I<Linker and Libraries Guide>, in the chapter I<Runtime "
4970 "Linker Auditing Interface>."
4974 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:242
4976 msgid "B<LD_BIND_NOT>"
4980 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:247
4982 "(glibc since 2.1.95) Do not update the GOT (global offset table) and PLT "
4983 "(procedure linkage table) after resolving a symbol."
4987 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:247
4993 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:260
4995 "(glibc since 2.1) Output verbose debugging information about the dynamic "
4996 "linker. If set to B<all> prints all debugging information it has, if set to "
4997 "B<help> prints a help message about which categories can be specified in "
4998 "this environment variable. Since glibc 2.3.4, B<LD_DEBUG> is ignored for "
4999 "set-user-ID/set-group-ID binaries."
5003 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:260
5005 msgid "B<LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT>"
5009 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:268
5011 "(glibc since 2.1) File where B<LD_DEBUG> output should be fed into, default "
5012 "is standard output. B<LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT> is ignored for "
5013 "set-user-ID/set-group-ID binaries."
5017 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:268
5019 msgid "B<LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK>"
5023 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:275
5025 "(glibc since 2.1.91) Allow weak symbols to be overridden (reverting to old "
5026 "glibc behavior). For security reasons, since glibc 2.3.4, "
5027 "B<LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK> is ignored for set-user-ID/set-group-ID binaries."
5031 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:275
5033 msgid "B<LD_HWCAP_MASK>"
5037 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:279
5038 msgid "(glibc since 2.1) Mask for hardware capabilities."
5042 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:279
5044 msgid "B<LD_KEEPDIR>"
5048 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:284
5050 "(a.out only)(libc5) Don't ignore the directory in the names of a.out "
5051 "libraries to be loaded. Use of this option is strongly discouraged."
5055 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:284
5057 msgid "B<LD_NOWARN>"
5061 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:289
5063 "(a.out only)(libc5) Suppress warnings about a.out libraries with "
5064 "incompatible minor version numbers."
5068 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:289
5070 msgid "B<LD_ORIGIN_PATH>"
5073 #. Only used if $ORIGIN can't be determined by normal means
5074 #. (from the origin path saved at load time, or from /proc/self/exe)?
5076 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:298
5078 "(glibc since 2.1) Path where the binary is found (for non-set-user-ID "
5079 "programs). For security reasons, since glibc 2.4, B<LD_ORIGIN_PATH> is "
5080 "ignored for set-user-ID/set-group-ID binaries."
5084 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:298
5086 msgid "B<LD_POINTER_GUARD>"
5090 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:310
5092 "(glibc since 2.4) Set to 0 to disable pointer guarding. Any other value "
5093 "enables pointer guarding, which is also the default. Pointer guarding is a "
5094 "security mechanism whereby some pointers to code stored in writable program "
5095 "memory (return addresses saved by B<setjmp>(3) or function pointers used by "
5096 "various glibc internals) are mangled semi-randomly to make it more difficult "
5097 "for an attacker to hijack the pointers for use in the event of a buffer "
5098 "overrun or stack-smashing attack."
5102 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:310
5104 msgid "B<LD_PROFILE>"
5108 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:317
5110 "(glibc since 2.1) Shared object to be profiled, specified either as a "
5111 "pathname or a soname. Profiling output is written to the file whose name "
5112 "is: \"I<$LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT>/I<$LD_PROFILE>.profile\"."
5116 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:317
5118 msgid "B<LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT>"
5122 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:330
5124 "(glibc since 2.1) Directory where B<LD_PROFILE> output should be written. "
5125 "If this variable is not defined, or is defined as an empty string, then the "
5126 "default is I</var/tmp>. B<LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT> is ignored for set-user-ID and "
5127 "set-group-ID programs, which always use I</var/profile>."
5131 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:330
5133 msgid "B<LD_SHOW_AUXV>"
5137 #. Document LD_TRACE_PRELINKING (e.g.: LD_TRACE_PRELINKING=libx1.so ./prog)
5139 #. Also enables DL_DEBUG_PRELINK
5141 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:341
5143 "(glibc since 2.1) Show auxiliary array passed up from the kernel. For "
5144 "security reasons, since glibc 2.3.5, B<LD_SHOW_AUXV> is ignored for "
5145 "set-user-ID/set-group-ID binaries."
5149 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:341
5151 msgid "B<LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS>"
5154 #. http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2003-11/msg00127.html
5155 #. Subject: [PATCH] Support LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
5158 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:360
5160 "By default (i.e., if this variable is not defined) executables and "
5161 "prelinked shared objects will honor base addresses of their dependent "
5162 "libraries and (nonprelinked) position-independent executables (PIEs) and "
5163 "other shared objects will not honor them. If B<LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS> is defined "
5164 "wit the value, both executables and PIEs will honor the base addresses. If "
5165 "B<LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS> is defined with the value 0, neither executables nor "
5166 "PIEs will honor the base addresses. This variable is ignored by set-user-ID "
5167 "and set-group-ID programs."
5171 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:360
5173 msgid "B<LD_VERBOSE>"
5177 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:372
5179 "(glibc since 2.1) If set to a nonempty string, output symbol versioning "
5180 "information about the program if querying information about the program "
5181 "(i.e., either B<LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS> has been set, or B<--list> or "
5182 "B<--verify> options have been given to the dynamic linker)."
5186 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:372
5192 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:376
5194 "(ELF only)(glibc since 2.1.3) If set to a nonempty string, warn about "
5195 "unresolved symbols."
5199 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:376
5201 msgid "B<LDD_ARGV0>"
5205 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:383
5206 msgid "(libc5) I<argv>[0] to be used by B<ldd>(1) when none is present."
5210 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:383 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:156
5216 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:385 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:158
5218 msgid "I</lib/ld.so>"
5222 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:388
5223 msgid "a.out dynamic linker/loader"
5227 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:388
5229 msgid "I</lib/ld-linux.so.>{I<1>,I<2>}"
5233 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:391
5234 msgid "ELF dynamic linker/loader"
5238 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:391 build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:165
5240 msgid "I</etc/ld.so.cache>"
5244 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:395
5246 "File containing a compiled list of directories in which to search for "
5247 "libraries and an ordered list of candidate libraries."
5251 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:395
5253 msgid "I</etc/ld.so.preload>"
5257 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:399
5259 "File containing a whitespace separated list of ELF shared libraries to be "
5260 "loaded before the program."
5264 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:399
5270 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:402
5271 msgid "shared libraries"
5275 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:409
5277 "The B<ld.so> functionality is available for executables compiled using libc "
5278 "version 4.4.3 or greater. ELF functionality is available since Linux 1.1.52 "
5283 #. ld.so: David Engel, Eric Youngdale, Peter MacDonald, Hongjiu Lu, Linus
5284 #. Torvalds, Lars Wirzenius and Mitch D'Souza
5285 #. ld-linux.so: Roland McGrath, Ulrich Drepper and others.
5287 #. In the above, (libc5) stands for David Engel's ld.so/ld-linux.so.
5289 #: build/C/man8/ld.so.8:419
5290 msgid "B<ldd>(1), B<rtld-audit>(7), B<ldconfig>(8)"
5294 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:22
5300 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:22
5306 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:25
5307 msgid "ldconfig - configure dynamic linker run-time bindings"
5311 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:40
5313 "B</sbin/ldconfig> [ B<-nNvXV> ] [ B<-f\\ conf> ] [ B<-C\\ cache> ] [ B<-r\\ "
5314 "root> ] I<directory>\\ ..."
5318 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:49
5319 msgid "B</sbin/ldconfig> B<-l> [ B<-v> ] I<library>\\ ..."
5323 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:54
5324 msgid "B</sbin/ldconfig> B<-p>"
5328 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:71
5330 "B<ldconfig> creates the necessary links and cache to the most recent shared "
5331 "libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the "
5332 "file I</etc/ld.so.conf>, and in the trusted directories (I</lib> and "
5333 "I</usr/lib>). The cache is used by the run-time linker, I<ld.so> or "
5334 "I<ld-linux.so>. B<ldconfig> checks the header and filenames of the "
5335 "libraries it encounters when determining which versions should have their "
5339 #. The following sentence looks suspect
5340 #. (perhaps historical cruft) -- MTK, Jul 2005
5341 #. Therefore, when making dynamic libraries,
5342 #. it is wise to explicitly link against libc (use \-lc).
5344 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:79
5346 "B<ldconfig> will attempt to deduce the type of ELF libs (i.e., libc5 or "
5347 "libc6/glibc) based on what C libs, if any, the library was linked against."
5351 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:100
5353 "Some existing libs do not contain enough information to allow the deduction "
5354 "of their type. Therefore, the I</etc/ld.so.conf> file format allows the "
5355 "specification of an expected type. This is I<only> used for those ELF libs "
5356 "which we can not work out. The format is \"dirname=TYPE\", where TYPE can "
5357 "be libc4, libc5, or libc6. (This syntax also works on the command line.) "
5358 "Spaces are I<not> allowed. Also see the B<-p> option. B<ldconfig> should "
5359 "normally be run by the superuser as it may require write permission on some "
5360 "root owned directories and files."
5364 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:101
5370 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:107
5372 "Verbose mode. Print current version number, the name of each directory as "
5373 "it is scanned, and any links that are created. Overrides quiet mode."
5377 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:107
5383 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:118
5385 "Only process directories specified on the command line. Don't process the "
5386 "trusted directories (I</lib> and I</usr/lib>) nor those specified in "
5387 "I</etc/ld.so.conf>. Implies B<-N>."
5391 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:118
5397 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:124
5399 "Don't rebuild the cache. Unless B<-X> is also specified, links are still "
5404 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:124
5410 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:130
5412 "Don't update links. Unless B<-N> is also specified, the cache is still "
5417 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:130
5423 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:136
5424 msgid "Use B<conf> instead of I</etc/ld.so.conf>."
5428 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:136
5434 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:142
5435 msgid "Use B<cache> instead of I</etc/ld.so.cache>."
5439 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:142
5445 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:147
5446 msgid "Change to and use I<root> as the root directory."
5450 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:147
5456 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:152
5458 "Library mode. Manually link individual libraries. Intended for use by "
5463 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:152
5469 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:156
5471 "Print the lists of directories and candidate libraries stored in the current "
5476 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:161
5477 msgid "run-time linker/loader"
5481 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:161
5483 msgid "I</etc/ld.so.conf>"
5487 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:165
5489 "File containing a list of colon, space, tab, newline, or comma-separated "
5490 "directories in which to search for libraries."
5494 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:174
5496 "File containing an ordered list of libraries found in the directories "
5497 "specified in I</etc/ld.so.conf>, as well as those found in I</lib> and "
5502 #: build/C/man8/ldconfig.8:178
5503 msgid "B<ldd>(1), B<ld.so>(8)"
5507 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:10
5513 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:10
5519 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:13
5520 msgid "ldd - print shared library dependencies"
5524 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:15
5525 msgid "B<ldd> [OPTION]... FILE..."
5529 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:19
5531 "B<ldd> prints the shared libraries required by each program or shared "
5532 "library specified on the command line."
5536 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:20
5538 msgid "B<--version>"
5542 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:24
5543 msgid "Print the version number of B<ldd>."
5547 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:24
5549 msgid "B<-v\\ --verbose>"
5553 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:28
5555 "Print all information, including, for example, symbol versioning "
5560 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:28
5562 msgid "B<-u\\ --unused>"
5566 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:32
5567 msgid "Print unused direct dependencies. (Since glibc 2.3.4.)"
5571 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:32
5573 msgid "B<-d\\ --data-relocs>"
5577 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:35
5578 msgid "Perform relocations and report any missing objects (ELF only)."
5582 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:35
5584 msgid "B<-r\\ --function-relocs>"
5588 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:39
5590 "Perform relocations for both data objects and functions, and report any "
5591 "missing objects or functions (ELF only)."
5595 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:39
5601 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:42
5602 msgid "Usage information."
5606 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:53
5608 "The standard version of B<ldd> comes with glibc2. Libc5 came with an older "
5609 "version, still present on some systems. The long options are not supported "
5610 "by the libc5 version. On the other hand, the glibc2 version does not "
5611 "support B<-V> and only has the equivalent B<--version>."
5615 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:59
5617 "The libc5 version of this program will use the name of a library given on "
5618 "the command line as-is when it contains a \\(aq/\\(aq; otherwise it searches "
5619 "for the library in the standard locations. To run it on a shared library in "
5620 "the current directory, prefix the name with \"./\"."
5624 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:62
5625 msgid "B<ldd> does not work on a.out shared libraries."
5630 #. Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
5632 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:75
5634 "B<ldd> does not work with some extremely old a.out programs which were built "
5635 "before B<ldd> support was added to the compiler releases. If you use B<ldd> "
5636 "on one of these programs, the program will attempt to run with I<argc> = 0 "
5637 "and the results will be unpredictable."
5641 #: build/C/man1/ldd.1:78
5642 msgid "B<ld.so>(8), B<ldconfig>(8)"
5646 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:26
5652 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:26
5658 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:29
5659 msgid "rtld-audit - auditing API for the dynamic linker"
5663 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:31
5664 msgid "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
5668 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:33
5669 msgid "B<#include E<lt>link.hE<gt>>"
5673 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:41
5675 "The GNU dynamic linker (run-time linker) provides an auditing API that "
5676 "allows an application to be notified when various dynamic linking events "
5677 "occur. This API is very similar to the auditing interface provided by the "
5678 "Solaris run-time linker. The necessary constants and prototypes are defined "
5679 "by including I<E<lt>link.hE<gt>>."
5683 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:48
5685 "To use this interface, the programmer creates a shared library that "
5686 "implements a standard set of function names. Not all of the functions need "
5687 "to be implemented: in most cases, if the programmer is not interested in a "
5688 "particular class of auditing event, then no implementation needs to be "
5689 "provided for the corresponding auditing function."
5693 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:56
5695 "To employ the auditing interface, the environment variable B<LD_AUDIT> must "
5696 "be defined to contain a colon-separated list of shared libraries, each of "
5697 "which can implement (parts of) the auditing API. When an auditable event "
5698 "occurs, the corresponding function is invoked in each library, in the order "
5699 "that the libraries are listed."
5703 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:56
5705 msgid "la_version()"
5709 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:60
5711 msgid "B<unsigned int la_version(unsigned int >I<version>B<);>\n"
5715 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:72
5717 "This is the only function that I<must> be defined by an auditing library: it "
5718 "performs the initial handshake between the dynamic linker and the auditing "
5719 "library. When invoking this function, the dynamic linker passes, in "
5720 "I<version>, the highest version of the auditing interface that the linker "
5721 "supports. If necessary, the auditing library can check that this version is "
5722 "sufficient for its requirements."
5726 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:81
5728 "As its function result, this function should return the version of the "
5729 "auditing interface that this auditing library expects to use (returning "
5730 "I<version> is acceptable). If the returned value is 0, or a version that is "
5731 "greater than that supported by the dynamic linker, then the audit library is "
5736 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:81
5738 msgid "la_objsearch()"
5742 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:86
5745 "B<char *la_objsearch(const char *>I<name>B<, uintptr_t *>I<cookie>B<,>\n"
5746 "B< unsigned int >I<flag>B<);>\n"
5750 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:97
5752 "The dynamic linker invokes this function to inform the auditing library that "
5753 "it is about to search for a shared object. The I<name> argument is the "
5754 "filename or pathname that is to be searched for. I<cookie> identifies the "
5755 "shared object that initiated the search. I<flag> is set to one of the "
5760 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:97
5762 msgid "B<LA_SER_ORIG>"
5766 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:106
5768 "This is the original name that is being searched for. Typically, this name "
5769 "comes from an ELF B<DT_NEEDED> entry, or is the I<filename> argument given "
5774 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:106
5776 msgid "B<LA_SER_LIBPATH>"
5780 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:111
5781 msgid "I<name> was created using a directory specified in B<LD_LIBRARY_PATH>."
5785 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:111
5787 msgid "B<LA_SER_RUNPATH>"
5791 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:119
5793 "I<name> was created using a directory specified in an ELF B<DT_RPATH> or "
5794 "B<DT_RUNPATH> list."
5798 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:119
5800 msgid "B<LA_SER_CONFIG>"
5804 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:126
5805 msgid "I<name> was found via the B<ldconfig>(8) cache (I</etc/ld.so.cache>)."
5809 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:126
5811 msgid "B<LA_SER_DEFAULT>"
5815 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:130
5816 msgid "I<name> was found via a search of one of the default directories."
5820 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:130
5822 msgid "B<LA_SER_SECURE>"
5826 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:134
5827 msgid "I<name> is specific to a secure object (unused on Linux)."
5831 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:143
5833 "As its function result, B<la_objsearch>() returns the pathname that the "
5834 "dynamic linker should use for further processing. If NULL is returned, then "
5835 "this pathname is ignored for further processing. If this audit library "
5836 "simply intends to monitor search paths, then I<name> should be returned."
5840 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:143
5842 msgid "la_activity()"
5846 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:147
5848 msgid "B<void la_activity( uintptr_t *>I<cookie>B<, unsigned int >I<flag>B<);>\n"
5852 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:156
5854 "The dynamic linker calls this function to inform the auditing library that "
5855 "link-map activity is occurring. I<cookie> identifies the object at the head "
5856 "of the link map. When the dynamic linker invokes this function, I<flag> is "
5857 "set to one of the following values:"
5861 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:156
5863 msgid "B<LA_ACT_ADD>"
5867 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:159
5868 msgid "New objects are being added to the link map."
5872 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:159
5874 msgid "B<LA_ACT_DELETE>"
5878 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:162
5879 msgid "Objects are being removed from the link map."
5883 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:162
5885 msgid "B<LA_ACT_CONSISTENT>"
5889 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:165
5890 msgid "Link-map activity has been completed: the map is once again consistent."
5894 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:165
5896 msgid "la_objopen()"
5900 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:170
5903 "B<unsigned int la_objopen(struct link_map *>I<map>B<, Lmid_t >I<lmid>B<,>\n"
5904 "B< uintptr_t *>I<cookie>B<);>\n"
5908 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:179
5910 "The dynamic linker calls this function when a new shared object is loaded. "
5911 "The I<map> argument is a pointer to a link-map structure that describes the "
5912 "object. The I<lmid> field has one of the following values"
5916 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:179
5918 msgid "B<LM_ID_BASE>"
5922 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:182
5923 msgid "Link map is part of the initial namespace."
5927 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:182
5929 msgid "B<LM_ID_NEWLM>"
5933 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:186
5934 msgid "Link map is part of a new namespace requested via B<dlmopen>(3)."
5938 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:194
5940 "I<cookie> is a pointer to an identifier for this object. The identifier is "
5941 "provided to later calls to functions in the auditing library in order to "
5942 "identify this object. This identifier is initialized to point to object's "
5943 "link map, but the audit library can change the identifier to some other "
5944 "value that it may prefer to use to identify the object."
5948 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:201
5950 "As its return value, B<la_objopen>() returns a bit mask created by ORing "
5951 "zero or more of the following constants, which allow the auditing library to "
5952 "select the objects to be monitored by B<la_symbind*>():"
5956 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:201
5958 msgid "B<LA_FLG_BINDTO>"
5962 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:204
5963 msgid "Audit symbol bindings to this object."
5967 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:204
5969 msgid "B<LA_FLG_BINDFROM>"
5973 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:207
5974 msgid "Audit symbol bindings from this object."
5978 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:211
5980 "A return value of 0 from B<la_objopen>() indicates that no symbol bindings "
5981 "should be audited for this object."
5985 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:211
5987 msgid "la_objclose()"
5991 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:215
5993 msgid "B<unsigned int la_objclose(uintptr_t *>I<cookie);>\n"
5997 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:224
5999 "The dynamic linker invokes this function after any finalization code for the "
6000 "object has been executed, before the object is unloaded. The I<cookie> "
6001 "argument is the identifier obtained from a previous invocation of "
6006 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:228
6008 "In the current implementation, the value returned by B<la_objclose>() is "
6013 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:228
6015 msgid "la_preinit()"
6019 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:232
6021 msgid "B<void la_preinit(uintptr_t *>I<cookie>B<);>\n"
6025 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:242
6027 "The dynamic linker invokes this function after all shared objects have been "
6028 "loaded, before control is passed to the application (i.e., before calling "
6029 "I<main>()). Note that I<main>() may still later dynamically load objects "
6030 "using B<dlopen>(3)."
6034 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:242
6036 msgid "la_symbind*()"
6040 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:251
6043 "B<uintptr_t la_symbind32(Elf32_Sym *>I<sym>B<, unsigned int >I<ndx>B<,>\n"
6044 "B< uintptr_t *>I<refcook>B<, uintptr_t "
6045 "*>I<defcook>B<,>\n"
6046 "B< unsigned int *>I<flags>B<, const char "
6047 "*>I<symname>B<);>\n"
6048 "B<uintptr_t la_symbind64(Elf64_Sym *>I<sym>B<, unsigned int >I<ndx>B<,>\n"
6049 "B< uintptr_t *>I<refcook>B<, uintptr_t "
6050 "*>I<defcook>B<,>\n"
6051 "B< unsigned int *>I<flags>B<, const char "
6052 "*>I<symname>B<);>\n"
6056 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:263
6058 "The dynamic linker invokes one of these functions when a symbol binding "
6059 "occurs between two shared objects that have been marked for auditing "
6060 "notification by B<la_objopen>(). The B<la_symbind32>() function is "
6061 "employed on 32-bit platforms; the B<la_symbind64>() function is employed on "
6066 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:273
6068 "The I<sym> argument is a pointer to a structure that provides information "
6069 "about the symbol being bound. The structure definition is shown in "
6070 "I<E<lt>elf.hE<gt>>. Among the fields of this structure, I<st_value> "
6071 "indicates the address to which the symbol is bound."
6075 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:278
6077 "The I<ndx> argument gives the index of the symbol in the symbol table of the "
6078 "bound shared object."
6082 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:293
6084 "The I<refcook> argument identifies the shared object that is making the "
6085 "symbol reference; this is the same identifier that is provided to the "
6086 "B<la_objopen>() function that returned B<LA_FLG_BINDFROM>. The I<defcook> "
6087 "argument identifies the shared object that defines the referenced symbol; "
6088 "this is the same identifier that is provided to the B<la_objopen>() "
6089 "function that returned B<LA_FLG_BINDTO>."
6093 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:297
6094 msgid "The I<symname> argument points a string containing the name of the symbol."
6097 #. LA_SYMB_STRUCTCALL appears to be unused
6099 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:305
6101 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that both provides information about the "
6102 "symbol and can be used to modify further auditing of this PLT (Procedure "
6103 "Linkage Table) entry. The dynamic linker may supply the following bit "
6104 "values in this argument:"
6108 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:305
6110 msgid "B<LA_SYMB_DLSYM>"
6114 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:309
6115 msgid "The binding resulted from a call to B<dlsym>(3)."
6119 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:309
6121 msgid "B<LA_SYMB_ALTVALUE>"
6125 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:314
6127 "A previous B<la_symbind*>() call returned an alternate value for this "
6131 #. pltenter/pltexit are called for non-dynamically loaded libraries,
6132 #. but don't seem to be called for dynamically loaded libs?
6133 #. Is this the same on Solaris?
6135 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:328
6137 "By default, if the auditing library implements B<la_pltenter>() and "
6138 "B<la_pltexit>() functions (see below), then these functions are invoked, "
6139 "after B<la_symbind>(), for PLT entries, each time the symbol is referenced. "
6140 "The following flags can be ORed into I<*flags> to change this default "
6145 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:328
6147 msgid "B<LA_SYMB_NOPLTENTER>"
6151 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:333
6152 msgid "Don't call B<la_pltenter>() for this symbol."
6156 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:333
6158 msgid "B<LA_SYMB_NOPLTEXIT>"
6162 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:338
6163 msgid "Don't call B<la_pltexit>() for this symbol."
6167 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:349
6169 "The return value of B<la_symbind32>() and B<la_symbind64>() is the address "
6170 "to which control should be passed after the function returns. If the "
6171 "auditing library is simply monitoring symbol bindings, then it should return "
6172 "I<sym-E<gt>st_name>. A different value may be returned if the library "
6173 "wishes to direct control to an alternate location."
6177 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:349
6179 msgid "la_pltenter()"
6183 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:355 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:415
6185 "The precise name and argument types for this function depend on the hardware "
6186 "platform. (The appropriate definition is supplied by I<E<lt>link.hE<gt>>.) "
6187 "Here is the definition for x86-32:"
6191 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:361
6194 "B<Elf32_Addr la_i86_gnu_pltenter(Elf32_Sym *>I<sym>B<, unsigned int "
6196 "B< uintptr_t *>I<refcook>B<, uintptr_t *>I<defcook>B<,>\n"
6197 "B< La_i86_regs *>I<regs>B<, unsigned int *>I<flags>B<,>\n"
6198 "B< const char *>I<symname>B<, long int "
6199 "*>I<framesizep>B<);>\n"
6203 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:365
6205 "This function is invoked just before a PLT entry is called, between two "
6206 "shared objects that have been marked for binding notification."
6210 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:375 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:438
6212 "The I<sym>, I<ndx>, I<refcook>, I<defcook>, and I<symname> are as for "
6217 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:382
6219 "The I<regs> argument points to a structure (defined in I<E<lt>link.hE<gt>>) "
6220 "containing the values of registers to be used for the call to this PLT "
6225 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:388
6227 "The I<flags> argument points to a bit mask that conveys information about, "
6228 "and can be used to modify subsequent auditing of, this PLT entry, as for "
6232 #. FIXME is the following correct?
6234 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:404
6236 "The I<framesizep> argument points to a I<long\\ int> buffer that can be used "
6237 "to explicitly set the frame size used for the call to this PLT entry. If "
6238 "different B<la_pltenter>() invocations for this symbol return different "
6239 "values, then the maximum returned value is used. The B<la_pltenter>() "
6240 "function is only called if this buffer is explicitly set to a suitable "
6245 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:409
6246 msgid "The return value of B<la_pltenter>() is as for B<la_symbind*>()."
6250 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:409
6252 msgid "la_pltexit()"
6256 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:421
6259 "B<unsigned int la_i86_gnu_pltexit(Elf32_Sym *>I<sym>B<, unsigned int "
6261 "B< uintptr_t *>I<refcook>B<, uintptr_t *>I<defcook>B<,>\n"
6262 "B< const La_i86_regs *>I<inregs>B<, La_i86_retval "
6263 "*>I<outregs>B<,>\n"
6264 "B< const char *>I<symname>B<);>\n"
6268 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:428
6270 "This function is called when a PLT entry, made between two shared objects "
6271 "that have been marked for binding notification, returns. The function is "
6272 "called just before control returns to the caller of the PLT entry."
6276 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:451
6278 "The I<inregs> argument points to a structure (defined in "
6279 "I<E<lt>link.hE<gt>>) containing the values of registers used for the call "
6280 "to this PLT entry. The I<outregs> argument points to a structure (defined "
6281 "in I<E<lt>link.hE<gt>>) containing return values for the call to this PLT "
6282 "entry. These values can be modified by the caller, and the changes will be "
6283 "visible to the caller of the PLT entry."
6286 #. This differs from Solaris, where an audit library that monitors
6287 #. symbol binding should return the value of the 'retval' argument
6288 #. (not provided by GNU, but equivalent to returning outregs->lrv_eax
6289 #. on (say) x86-32).
6291 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:459
6293 "In the current GNU implementation, the return value of B<la_pltexit>() is "
6298 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:465
6300 "This API is nonstandard, but very similar to the Solaris API, described in "
6301 "the Solaris I<Linker and Libraries Guide>, in the chapter I<Runtime Linker "
6302 "Auditing Interface>."
6306 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:468
6307 msgid "Note the following differences from the Solaris dynamic linker auditing API:"
6311 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:468 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:472 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:480
6317 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:472
6319 "The Solaris B<la_objfilter>() interface is not supported by the GNU "
6324 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:480
6326 "The Solaris B<la_symbind32>() and B<la_pltexit>() functions do not provide "
6327 "a I<symname> argument."
6331 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:490
6333 "The Solaris B<la_pltexit>() function does not provide I<inregs> and "
6334 "I<outregs> arguments (but does provide a I<retval> argument with the "
6335 "function return value)."
6339 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:494
6342 "#include E<lt>link.hE<gt>\n"
6343 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
6347 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:499
6351 "la_version(unsigned int version)\n"
6353 " printf(\"la_version(): %d\\en\", version);\n"
6357 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:502
6360 " return version;\n"
6365 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:515
6369 "la_objsearch(const char *name, uintptr_t *cookie, unsigned int flag)\n"
6371 " printf(\"la_objsearch(): name = %s; cookie = %x\", name, cookie);\n"
6372 " printf(\"; flag = %s\\en\",\n"
6373 " (flag == LA_SER_ORIG) ? \"LA_SER_ORIG\" :\n"
6374 " (flag == LA_SER_LIBPATH) ? \"LA_SER_LIBPATH\" :\n"
6375 " (flag == LA_SER_RUNPATH) ? \"LA_SER_RUNPATH\" :\n"
6376 " (flag == LA_SER_DEFAULT) ? \"LA_SER_DEFAULT\" :\n"
6377 " (flag == LA_SER_CONFIG) ? \"LA_SER_CONFIG\" :\n"
6378 " (flag == LA_SER_SECURE) ? \"LA_SER_SECURE\" :\n"
6383 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:518
6391 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:528
6395 "la_activity (uintptr_t *cookie, unsigned int flag)\n"
6397 " printf(\"la_activity(): cookie = %x; flag = %s\\en\", cookie,\n"
6398 " (flag == LA_ACT_CONSISTENT) ? \"LA_ACT_CONSISTENT\" :\n"
6399 " (flag == LA_ACT_ADD) ? \"LA_ACT_ADD\" :\n"
6400 " (flag == LA_ACT_DELETE) ? \"LA_ACT_DELETE\" :\n"
6406 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:538
6410 "la_objopen(struct link_map *map, Lmid_t lmid, uintptr_t *cookie)\n"
6412 " printf(\"la_objopen(): loading \\e\"%s\\e\"; lmid = %s; "
6413 "cookie=%x\\en\",\n"
6414 " map-E<gt>l_name,\n"
6415 " (lmid == LM_ID_BASE) ? \"LM_ID_BASE\" :\n"
6416 " (lmid == LM_ID_NEWLM) ? \"LM_ID_NEWLM\" :\n"
6422 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:541
6425 " return LA_FLG_BINDTO | LA_FLG_BINDFROM;\n"
6430 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:546
6434 "la_objclose (uintptr_t *cookie)\n"
6436 " printf(\"la_objclose(): %x\\en\", cookie);\n"
6440 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:549
6448 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:555
6452 "la_preinit(uintptr_t *cookie)\n"
6454 " printf(\"la_preinit(): %x\\en\", cookie);\n"
6459 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:564
6463 "la_symbind32(Elf32_Sym *sym, unsigned int ndx, uintptr_t *refcook,\n"
6464 " uintptr_t *defcook, unsigned int *flags, const char *symname)\n"
6466 " printf(\"la_symbind32(): symname = %s; sym-E<gt>st_value = %p\\en\",\n"
6467 " symname, sym-E<gt>st_value);\n"
6468 " printf(\" ndx = %d; flags = 0x%x\", ndx, *flags);\n"
6469 " printf(\"; refcook = %x; defcook = %x\\en\", refcook, defcook);\n"
6473 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:567 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:579 build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:589
6476 " return sym-E<gt>st_value;\n"
6481 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:576
6485 "la_symbind64(Elf64_Sym *sym, unsigned int ndx, uintptr_t *refcook,\n"
6486 " uintptr_t *defcook, unsigned int *flags, const char *symname)\n"
6488 " printf(\"la_symbind64(): symname = %s; sym-E<gt>st_value = %p\\en\",\n"
6489 " symname, sym-E<gt>st_value);\n"
6490 " printf(\" ndx = %d; flags = 0x%x\", ndx, *flags);\n"
6491 " printf(\"; refcook = %x; defcook = %x\\en\", refcook, defcook);\n"
6495 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:586
6499 "la_i86_gnu_pltenter(Elf32_Sym *sym, unsigned int ndx,\n"
6500 " uintptr_t *refcook, uintptr_t *defcook, La_i86_regs *regs,\n"
6501 " unsigned int *flags, const char *symname, long int *framesizep)\n"
6503 " printf(\"la_i86_gnu_pltenter(): %s (%p)\\en\", symname, "
6504 "sym-E<gt>st_value);\n"
6507 #. FIXME Specifying multiple audit libraries doesn't work on GNU.
6508 #. My simple tests on Solaris work okay, but not on Linux -- mtk, Jan 2009
6509 #. glibc bug filed: http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=9733
6510 #. Reportedly, this is fixed on 16 Mar 2009 (i.e., for glibc 2.10)
6512 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:600
6514 "In glibc versions up to and include 2.9, specifying more than one audit "
6515 "library in B<LD_AUDIT> results in a run-time crash. This is reportedly "
6516 "fixed in glibc 2.10."
6520 #: build/C/man7/rtld-audit.7:605
6521 msgid "B<ldd>(1), B<dlopen>(3), B<ld.so>(8), B<ldconfig>(8)"