1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
8 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
9 "POT-Creation-Date: 2013-04-30 20:29+0900\n"
10 "PO-Revision-Date: 2013-05-04 22:18+0900\n"
11 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
12 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
15 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
16 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
19 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
25 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
31 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
32 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
33 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
34 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
35 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
36 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
37 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
38 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
39 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
40 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25 build/C/man2/splice.2:26
41 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
47 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
48 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
49 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
50 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:26
51 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
52 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32
53 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
54 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
55 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
56 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
57 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
59 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
60 msgstr "Linux Programmer's Manual"
63 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:26 build/C/man2/futex.2:54
64 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:30 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:28
65 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:28
66 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:9
67 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:9
68 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:28 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:28
69 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:33 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:11
70 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:45
71 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:20
72 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26 build/C/man2/splice.2:27
73 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:27 build/C/man2/vm86.2:27 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:27
79 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28
80 msgid "arch_prctl - set architecture-specific thread state"
81 msgstr "arch_prctl - アーキテクチャ固有のスレッド状態を設定する"
84 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28 build/C/man2/futex.2:56
85 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
86 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
87 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
88 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
89 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
90 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
91 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
92 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
93 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28 build/C/man2/splice.2:29
94 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29 build/C/man2/vm86.2:29 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
100 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:31
102 msgid "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
103 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
106 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:33
108 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
109 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
112 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:36
115 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long >I<addr>B<);>\n"
116 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
117 msgstr "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
119 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
121 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:37 build/C/man2/futex.2:68
122 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:44 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40
123 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
124 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:18
125 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:62 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:22
126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39
127 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
128 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:50 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:54
129 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:38 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
130 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:34 build/C/man2/splice.2:39
131 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:38 build/C/man2/vm86.2:35 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:39
137 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:52
139 "The B<arch_prctl>() function sets architecture-specific process or thread "
140 "state. I<code> selects a subfunction and passes argument I<addr> to it; "
141 "I<addr> is interpreted as either an I<unsigned long> for the \"set\" "
142 "operations, or as an I<unsigned long *>, for the \"get\" operations."
144 "B<arch_prctl>() 関数はアーキテクチャ固有のプロセス状態またはスレッド状態を設"
145 "定する。 I<code> は副機能を選択し、引き数 I<addr> を副機能に渡す。 I<addr> "
146 "は、\"set\" 操作では I<unsigned long> として、\"get\" 操作では I<unsigned "
150 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
151 msgid "Subfunctions for x86-64 are:"
152 msgstr "x86-64 の副機能は以下の通り:"
155 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
157 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
158 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
161 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
162 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<FS> register to I<addr>."
163 msgstr "I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
166 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
168 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
169 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
172 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
174 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<FS> register of the current thread in "
175 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
177 "現在のスレッドの I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
178 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
181 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
183 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
184 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
187 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
188 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<GS> register to I<addr>."
189 msgstr "I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
192 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
194 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
195 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
198 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82
200 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<GS> register of the current thread in "
201 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
203 "現在のスレッドの I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
204 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
207 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82 build/C/man2/futex.2:209
208 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:77 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
209 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:114 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
210 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:51
211 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1804
212 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190 build/C/man2/personality.2:57
213 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:209
214 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1714 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
215 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
216 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:127 build/C/man2/tee.2:85 build/C/man2/vm86.2:52
217 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
223 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88
225 "On success, B<arch_prctl>() returns 0; on error, -1 is returned, and "
226 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
228 "成功すると、 B<arch_prctl>() は 0 を返す。エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 "
229 "I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
232 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88 build/C/man2/futex.2:234
233 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:84 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
234 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:121 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
235 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
236 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1810 build/C/man2/personality.2:64
237 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:229
238 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1728 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
239 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
240 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:142 build/C/man2/tee.2:100 build/C/man2/vm86.2:57
241 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
247 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:89 build/C/man2/futex.2:249
248 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:111 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:51
249 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:109 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:251
250 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:256 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1732
251 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:428 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
252 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:58
258 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93
260 "I<addr> points to an unmapped address or is outside the process address "
263 "I<addr> がアンマップされたアドレスを指しているか、プロセスのアドレス空間の外"
267 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93 build/C/man2/futex.2:261
268 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:88 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:126
269 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
270 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:78 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1811
271 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:65 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
272 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:230 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
273 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1743
274 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
275 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128 build/C/man2/splice.2:147
276 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:101 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
282 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97
283 msgid "I<code> is not a valid subcommand."
284 msgstr "I<code> が有効なサブコマンドでない。"
287 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:98
288 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:133 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
289 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
290 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1753
291 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456 build/C/man2/vm86.2:66
297 #. Man page written by Andi Kleen.
299 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103
300 msgid "I<addr> is outside the process address space."
301 msgstr "I<addr> がプロセスのアドレス空間の外にある。"
304 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103 build/C/man2/futex.2:296
305 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:142
306 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
307 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:56 build/C/man2/outb.2:87
308 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:110 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1829
309 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199 build/C/man2/personality.2:68
310 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279
311 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1771 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
312 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97 build/C/man2/splice.2:170
313 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:119 build/C/man2/vm86.2:71 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:143
315 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
319 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107
321 "B<arch_prctl>() is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in "
322 "programs intended to be portable."
324 "B<arch_prctl>() は Linux/x86-64 拡張であり、移植性を意図したプログラムでは使"
328 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107 build/C/man2/futex.2:298
329 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:119 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
330 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:144 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
331 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1834
332 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
333 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:281 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1773
334 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155 build/C/man2/splice.2:172
335 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
341 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:110
343 "B<arch_prctl>() is supported only on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs "
346 "B<arch_prctl>() は現在のところ Linux/x86-64 上の 64 ビットプログラムでのみサ"
350 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:112
351 msgid "The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded."
353 "新しい 32 ビットセグメントセレクタがロードされた場合、 64 ビットベースは変更"
357 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:115
358 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS> is disabled in some kernels."
359 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS> が無効にされているカーネルもある。"
362 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:130
364 "Context switches for 64-bit segment bases are rather expensive. It may be a "
365 "faster alternative to set a 32-bit base using a segment selector by setting "
366 "up an LDT with B<modify_ldt>(2) or using the B<set_thread_area>(2) system "
367 "call in kernel 2.5 or later. B<arch_prctl>() is needed only when you want "
368 "to set bases that are larger than 4GB. Memory in the first 2GB of address "
369 "space can be allocated by using B<mmap>(2) with the B<MAP_32BIT> flag."
371 "64 ビットセグメントベースのコンテキストスイッチは、やや高価である。 LDT を "
372 "B<modify_ldt>(2) で設定してセグメントセレクタを使うか、 (カーネル 2.5 以降"
373 "の) B<set_thread_area>(2) システムコールを使うことにより、 32 ビットベース"
374 "を設定するという高速な代替手段もある。 4GB より大きなベースを設定したい場合に"
375 "のみ、 B<arch_prctl>() が必要である。 アドレス空間の最初の 2GB にあるメモリ"
376 "は、 B<mmap>(2) に B<MAP_32BIT> フラグを指定して割り当てることができる。"
379 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:135
381 "As of version 2.7, glibc provides no prototype for B<arch_prctl>(). You "
382 "have to declare it yourself for now. This may be fixed in future glibc "
385 "バージョン 2.7 時点では、glibc には B<arch_prctl>() のプロトタイプがない。 "
386 "今のところユーザは自分自身で宣言する必要がある。 これは将来の glibc のバー"
390 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138
391 msgid "I<FS> may be already used by the threading library."
392 msgstr "I<FS> はスレッドライブラリで既に使われているかもしれない。"
395 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138 build/C/man2/futex.2:312
396 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:128 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
397 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136
398 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112
399 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1948 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
400 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:331
401 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1927 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
402 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99
403 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:226 build/C/man2/tee.2:197
404 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:154
410 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:143
411 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
412 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
415 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145
416 msgid "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
417 msgstr "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
420 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145 build/C/man2/futex.2:325
421 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:137 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
422 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
423 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58
424 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
425 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1954 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
426 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:72 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
427 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:334 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1941
428 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:203
429 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:102 build/C/man2/splice.2:230
430 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:200 build/C/man2/vm86.2:74 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:157
436 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:152 build/C/man2/futex.2:332
437 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:144 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:120
438 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:169 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:95
439 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:145 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:65
440 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:106 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:121
441 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1961 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:216
442 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:156
443 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:341 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1948
444 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:519 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:210
445 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:109 build/C/man2/splice.2:237
446 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:207 build/C/man2/vm86.2:81 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
448 "This page is part of release 3.51 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
449 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
450 "found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
452 "この man ページは Linux I<man-pages> プロジェクトのリリース 3.51 の一部\n"
453 "である。プロジェクトの説明とバグ報告に関する情報は\n"
454 "http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/ に書かれている。"
457 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
463 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
469 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:56
470 msgid "futex - fast user-space locking"
471 msgstr "futex - 高速ユーザ空間ロック"
474 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:61
477 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
478 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
480 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
481 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
484 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:64
486 msgid "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
487 msgstr "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
489 #. int *? void *? u32 *?
491 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:67
493 msgid "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
494 msgstr "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
497 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:84
499 "The B<futex>() system call provides a method for a program to wait for a "
500 "value at a given address to change, and a method to wake up anyone waiting "
501 "on a particular address (while the addresses for the same memory in separate "
502 "processes may not be equal, the kernel maps them internally so the same "
503 "memory mapped in different locations will correspond for B<futex>() "
504 "calls). This system call is typically used to implement the contended case "
505 "of a lock in shared memory, as described in B<futex>(7)."
507 "B<futex>() システムコールは、 指定したアドレスの値が変更されるのをプログラム"
508 "が待つ手段や 特定のアドレスに対して待機中のプロセスを wake (起床) させる手段"
509 "を提供する (プロセスが異なれば同じメモリに対するアドレスも同じではないかもし"
510 "れないが、 カーネルは異なる位置にマップされた同じメモリを B<futex>() で使え"
511 "るよう内部でマップする)。 通常は、このシステムコールは B<futex>(7) に書かれ"
512 "ているように、 共有メモリ中のロックが競合する場合の処理を実装するのに用いられ"
516 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:91
518 "When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in user space, a "
519 "call needs to be made to the kernel to arbitrate. Arbitration can either "
520 "mean putting the calling process to sleep or, conversely, waking a waiting "
523 "B<futex>(7) の操作がユーザ空間で競合なく完了しなかった場合、 カーネルに仲裁"
524 "させるためにシステムコールを呼ぶ必要がある。 仲裁というのは、呼び出しプロセス"
525 "を sleep (起床待ち) させたり、反対に 待ちプロセスを wake させたりすることを意"
529 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:98
531 "Callers of this function are expected to adhere to the semantics as set out "
532 "in B<futex>(7). As these semantics involve writing nonportable assembly "
533 "instructions, this in turn probably means that most users will in fact be "
534 "library authors and not general application developers."
536 "この関数を呼び出すプロセスは B<futex>(7) に記述されているセマンティクスに忠"
537 "実であることが要求される。 このセマンティクスには移植不可能なアセンブリ命令を"
538 "書くことが含まれる。 このことは言い換えると futex のユーザのほとんどは実際は"
539 "ライブラリの作者であり、 一般アプリケーションの開発者ではないということであ"
543 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:106
545 "The I<uaddr> argument needs to point to an aligned integer which stores the "
546 "counter. The operation to execute is passed via the I<op> argument, along "
547 "with a value I<val>."
549 "I<uaddr> 引き数は、カウンタを格納する、 アラインメントの揃った int 型変数を指"
550 "している必要がある。 実行する操作は I<op> 引き数を介して、値 I<val> とともに"
554 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:108
555 msgid "Five operations are currently defined:"
556 msgstr "現在のところ 5 つの操作が定義されている:"
559 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:108 build/C/man2/futex.2:216
561 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
562 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
565 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:126
567 "This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
568 "contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this futex "
569 "address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents describe the "
570 "minimum duration of the wait, which is infinite otherwise. The arguments "
571 "I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
573 "この操作は futex アドレス I<uaddr> に指定された値 I<val> がまだ格納されている"
574 "かどうかを不可分操作で検証し、 sleep 状態で この futex アドレスに対して "
575 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> が実行されるのを待つ。 I<timeout> 引き数が NULL でない場合、そ"
576 "の内容は 待ち時間の最大値を表す。NULL の場合は無限大を表す。 引き数 "
577 "I<uaddr2> と I<val3> は無視される。"
580 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:134
582 "For B<futex>(7), this call is executed if decrementing the count gave a "
583 "negative value (indicating contention), and will sleep until another process "
584 "releases the futex and executes the B<FUTEX_WAKE> operation."
586 "B<futex>(7) に照らし合わせると、この呼び出しは カウントのデクリメントで負の"
587 "値 (競合を表す) になった場合に実行され、 別のプロセスがその futex を解放し "
588 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> の操作を実行するまで sleep する。"
591 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:134 build/C/man2/futex.2:222
593 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
594 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
597 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:145
599 "This operation wakes at most I<val> processes waiting on this futex address "
600 "(i.e., inside B<FUTEX_WAIT>). The arguments I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and "
601 "I<val3> are ignored."
603 "この操作では指定した futex アドレスに対して待ち状態の (すなわち "
604 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 中の) 最大 I<val> 個のプロセスを wake させる。 引き数 "
605 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
608 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:151
610 "For B<futex>(7), this is executed if incrementing the count showed that "
611 "there were waiters, once the futex value has been set to 1 (indicating that "
614 "B<futex>(4) に照らし合わせると、 この操作は カウントのインクリメントで待ちプ"
615 "ロセスがあると判明し、 futex 値が 1 に設定された (利用可能であることを表す) "
619 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:151
621 msgid "B<FUTEX_FD> (present up to and including Linux 2.6.25)"
622 msgstr "B<FUTEX_FD> (Linux 2.6.25 以前)"
624 #. , suitable for .BR poll (2).
626 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:167
628 "To support asynchronous wakeups, this operation associates a file descriptor "
629 "with a futex. If another process executes a B<FUTEX_WAKE>, the process will "
630 "receive the signal number that was passed in I<val>. The calling process "
631 "must close the returned file descriptor after use. The arguments "
632 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
634 "非同期の wake に対応するため、この操作はファイルディスクリプタを futex に 関"
635 "連づける。 別のプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> を実行すると、プロセスは I<val> で渡"
636 "されたシグナル番号のシグナルを受信する。 呼び出しプロセスは使用後、返された"
637 "ファイルディスクリプタを クローズしなければならない。 引き数 I<timeout>, "
638 "I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
641 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:172
643 "To prevent race conditions, the caller should test if the futex has been "
644 "upped after B<FUTEX_FD> returns."
646 "競合状態を防止するため、呼び出しプロセスは B<FUTEX_FD> が返ったあと futex が "
647 "up されたかどうかを確認しなければならない。"
650 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:176
652 "Because it was inherently racy, B<FUTEX_FD> has been removed from Linux "
655 "B<FUTEX_FD> はもともと競合が起きやすかったため、 Linux 2.6.26 以降で削除され"
659 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:176
661 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.5.70)"
662 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.5.70 以降)"
665 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:191
667 "This operation was introduced in order to avoid a \"thundering herd\" effect "
668 "when B<FUTEX_WAKE> is used and all processes woken up need to acquire "
669 "another futex. This call wakes up I<val> processes, and requeues all other "
670 "waiters on the futex at address I<uaddr2>. The arguments I<timeout> and "
671 "I<val3> are ignored."
673 "この操作は、 B<FUTEX_WAKE> が使われていて、かつ wake されている全てのプロセス"
674 "が 他の futex を取得する必要がある場合に、 「獣の群れの暴走 (thundering "
675 "herd)」効果を避けるために導入された。 この呼び出しは I<val> 個のプロセスを "
676 "wake し、アドレス I<uaddr2> で futex を待っている他の全てのプロセスを再度"
677 "キューにいれる。 引き数 I<timeout> と I<val3> は無視される。"
680 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:191
682 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
683 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.6.7 以降)"
686 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:209
688 "There was a race in the intended use of B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, so "
689 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> was introduced. This is similar to B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, "
690 "but first checks whether the location I<uaddr> still contains the value "
691 "I<val3>. If not, the operation fails with the error B<EAGAIN>. The "
692 "argument I<timeout> is ignored."
694 "故意に B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> を使う場合に競合が起こるため、 B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> "
695 "が導入された。これは B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> と似ているが、場所 I<uaddr> に値 "
696 "I<val3> がまだ保持されているかを最初にチェックする。 保持されていない場合、操"
697 "作はエラー B<EAGAIN> で失敗する。引き数 I<timeout> は無視される。"
700 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:216
702 "In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
703 "indicate the error. The return value on success depends on the operation, "
704 "as described in the following list:"
705 msgstr "エラーの場合、全ての操作で -1 が返り、 I<errno> がエラーの内容を示す値に設定される。成功時の返り値は操作によって異なり、以下のリストに書かれている通りである。"
708 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:222
710 "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. See ERRORS for "
711 "the various possible error returns."
712 msgstr "そのプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> により wake された場合 0 を返す。発生する可能性があるエラーについては「エラー」の節を参照。"
715 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:225 build/C/man2/futex.2:231 build/C/man2/futex.2:234
716 msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
717 msgstr "wake したプロセスの数を返す。"
720 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:225
726 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:228
727 msgid "Returns the new file descriptor associated with the futex."
728 msgstr "futex に関連づけられた新たなファイルディスクリプタを返す。"
731 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:228
733 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
734 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
737 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:231
739 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
740 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
743 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:235 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
749 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:238
750 msgid "No read access to futex memory."
751 msgstr "futex メモリに読み込みアクセス権がなかった。"
754 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:238 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:116
760 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:249
762 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> detected that the value pointed to by I<uaddr> is not "
763 "equal to the expected value I<val3>. (This probably indicates a race; use "
764 "the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
765 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> で、I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 I<val3> と異なる状況が検出された。 (これは競合を示しているかもしれない。この場合は安全な B<FUTEX_WAKE> を使うこと。)"
768 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:254
769 msgid "Error retrieving I<timeout> information from user space."
770 msgstr "ユーザ空間から I<timeout> の情報を取得する際にエラーが発生した。"
773 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:254
779 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:261
781 "A B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation was interrupted by a signal (see B<signal>(7)) or "
783 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作がシグナル (B<signal>(7) 参照) もしくは偽の wakeup により中断された。"
786 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:264
787 msgid "Invalid argument."
791 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:264
797 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:267
798 msgid "The system limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
799 msgstr "オープンされているファイルの総数がシステムの制限に達した。"
802 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:267 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
803 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
804 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:62
810 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
811 msgid "Invalid operation specified in I<op>."
812 msgstr "I<op> に無効な操作が指定された。"
815 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
818 msgstr "B<ETIMEDOUT>"
821 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:276
822 msgid "Timeout during the B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation."
823 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作でタイムアウトが発生した。"
826 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:276
828 msgid "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
829 msgstr "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
832 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:286
834 "I<op> was B<FUTEX_WAIT> and the value pointed to by I<uaddr> was not equal "
835 "to the expected value I<val> at the time of the call."
836 msgstr "I<op> が B<FUTEX_WAIT> で、その呼び出しにおいて I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 I<val> と異なっていた。"
839 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:286 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:115
840 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138
841 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
842 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:276
843 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
844 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:165 build/C/man2/tee.2:114
845 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
851 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:296
853 "Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7 but with different semantics "
854 "from what was described above. A 4-argument system call with the semantics "
855 "described in this page was introduced in Linux 2.5.40. In Linux 2.5.70 one "
856 "argument was added. In Linux 2.6.7 a sixth argument was added\\(emmessy, "
857 "especially on the s390 architecture."
859 "最初の futex 対応は Linux 2.5.7 で組み込まれたが、 上記のセマンティクスとは異"
860 "なる。 4 つの引き数のここに書かれているセマンティクスを持つ システムコール"
861 "は、Linux 2.5.40 で導入された。 Linux 2.5.70 では 1 つの引き数が追加された。 "
862 "Linux 2.6.7 では 6 番目の引き数が追加された。 これは汚く、s390 アーキテクチャ"
866 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:298 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:144
867 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99 build/C/man2/splice.2:172
868 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
869 msgid "This system call is Linux-specific."
870 msgstr "このシステムコールは Linux 固有である。"
874 #. Futexes were designed and worked on by
875 #. Hubertus Franke (IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center),
876 #. Matthew Kirkwood, Ingo Molnar (Red Hat)
877 #. and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center).
878 #. This page written by bert hubert.
880 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:312
882 "To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction "
883 "for end-users. (There is no wrapper function for this system call in "
884 "glibc.) Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have read "
885 "the sources of the futex user-space library referenced below."
887 "繰り返すが、裸の futex はエンドユーザが容易に使うことのできる概念として 意図"
888 "されたものではない (glibc にはこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数はな"
889 "い)。 実装者は、アセンブリ言語に慣れており、以下に挙げる futex ユーザ空間ライ"
890 "ブラリの ソースを読み終えていることが要求される。"
893 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:314
898 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:317
900 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
901 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
903 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
904 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
907 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:320
909 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
912 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
916 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:322
917 msgid "Futex example library, futex-*.tar.bz2 at"
918 msgstr "futex の使用例ライブラリ, futex-*.tar.bz2"
921 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:325
923 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> "
926 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> "
930 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
932 msgid "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
933 msgstr "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
936 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
937 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
943 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
945 msgid "Linux System Calls"
949 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32
950 msgid "get_robust_list, set_robust_list - get/set list of robust futexes"
954 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:36
957 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
958 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
960 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
961 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
964 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:40
967 "B<long get_robust_list(int >I<pid>B<, struct robust_list_head **>I<head_ptr>B<,>\n"
968 "B<\t\t\t size_t *>I<len_ptr>B<);>\n"
969 "B<long set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head *>I<head>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);>\n"
973 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:44
974 msgid "I<Note>: There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES."
978 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:49
980 "The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust "
981 "futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits. These lists are managed "
982 "in user space; the kernel is notified about only the location of the head of "
987 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:65
989 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call returns the head of the robust futex "
990 "list of the thread whose thread ID is specified in I<pid>. If I<pid> is 0, "
991 "the head of the list for the calling thread is returned. The list head is "
992 "stored in the location pointed to by I<head_ptr>. The size of the object "
993 "pointed to by I<**head_ptr> is stored in I<len_ptr>."
997 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:77
999 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call requests the kernel to record the head "
1000 "of the list of robust futexes owned by the calling thread. The I<head> "
1001 "argument is the list head to record. The I<len> argument should be I<sizeof"
1006 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:84
1008 "The B<set_robust_list>() and B<get_robust_list>() system calls return zero "
1009 "when the operation is successful, an error code otherwise."
1013 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:88
1015 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following error:"
1019 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:94
1021 "I<len> does not match the size of structure B<struct robust_list_head> "
1022 "expected by kernel."
1026 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:98
1028 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following errors:"
1032 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106
1034 "The calling process does not have permission to see the robust futex list of "
1035 "the thread with the thread ID I<pid>, and does not have the "
1036 "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE> capability."
1040 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:271
1041 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1766 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
1042 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
1048 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:111
1049 msgid "No thread with the thread ID I<pid> could be found."
1053 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:115
1055 "The head of the robust futex list can't be stored at the location I<head>."
1059 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:119
1061 "These system calls were added in Linux 2.6.17. No library support is "
1062 "provided; use B<syscall>(2)."
1064 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
1065 "サポートは提供されていない。 B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1068 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:124
1070 "These system calls are not needed by normal applications. No support for "
1071 "them is provided in glibc. In the unlikely event that you want to call them "
1072 "directly, use B<syscall>(2)."
1074 "通常のアプリケーションでは、これらのシステムコールは必要ではない。 glibc によ"
1075 "るサポートは提供されていない。おそらくないと思うが、このシステムコールを直接"
1076 "呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1079 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:128
1081 "A thread can have only one robust futex list; therefore applications that "
1082 "wish to use this functionality should use the robust mutexes provided by "
1086 #. .BR pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np (3)
1088 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:131
1090 msgstr "B<futex>(2)"
1092 #. http://lwn.net/Articles/172149/
1094 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:137
1096 "I<Documentation/robust-futexes.txt> and I<Documentation/robust-futex-ABI."
1097 "txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
1101 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
1107 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
1113 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
1114 msgid "getunwind - copy the unwind data to caller's buffer"
1118 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:34
1121 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1122 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1124 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1125 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1128 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:36
1130 msgid "B<long getunwind(void >I<*buf>B<, size_t >I<buf_size>B<);>\n"
1134 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39
1135 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42
1136 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
1137 msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
1139 "I<注>: このシステムコールには glibc のラッパー関数は存在しない。「注意」の節"
1143 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:42
1144 msgid "I<Note: this function is obsolete.>"
1148 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:52
1150 "The IA-64-specific B<getunwind>() system call copies the kernel's call "
1151 "frame unwind data into the buffer pointed to by I<buf> and returns the size "
1152 "of the unwind data; this data describes the gate page (kernel code that is "
1153 "mapped into user space)."
1157 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:64
1159 "The size of the buffer I<buf> is specified in I<buf_size>. The data is "
1160 "copied only if I<buf_size> is greater than or equal to the size of the "
1161 "unwind data and I<buf> is not NULL; otherwise, no data is copied, and the "
1162 "call succeeds, returning the size that would be needed to store the unwind "
1167 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:68
1169 "The first part of the unwind data contains an unwind table. The rest "
1170 "contains the associated unwind information, in no particular order. The "
1171 "unwind table contains entries of the following form:"
1175 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:73
1178 "\tu64 start; (64-bit address of start of function)\n"
1179 "\tu64 end; (64-bit address of end of function)\n"
1180 "\tu64 info; (BUF-relative offset to unwind info)\n"
1184 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
1186 "An entry whose I<start> value is zero indicates the end of the table. For "
1187 "more information about the format, see the I<IA-64 Software Conventions and "
1188 "Runtime Architecture> manual."
1192 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
1195 #| "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
1196 #| "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1198 "On success, B<getunwind>() returns the size of unwind table. On error, -1 "
1199 "is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1201 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
1202 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1205 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94
1207 "B<getunwind>() fails with the error B<EFAULT> if the unwind info can't be "
1208 "stored in the space specified by I<buf>."
1212 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96
1214 #| msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
1215 msgid "This system call is available since Linux 2.4."
1217 "これらの呼び出しは Linux 特有のものであり、 Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11 から使用可能"
1221 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
1223 "This system call is Linux specific, and is available only on the IA-64 "
1228 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:107
1230 "This system call has been deprecated. The modern way to obtain the kernel's "
1231 "unwind data is via the gate DSO. The address of the ELF header for this DSO "
1232 "is passed to user level via B<AT_SYSINFO_EHDR> (see B<getauxval>(3))."
1236 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
1238 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; in the unlikely event "
1239 "that you want to call it, use B<syscall>(2)."
1241 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。おそらくない"
1242 "と思うが、このシステムコールを呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1245 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
1246 msgid "B<getauxval>(3)"
1247 msgstr "B<getauxval>(3)"
1250 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
1256 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29
1257 msgid "kexec_load - load a new kernel for later execution"
1258 msgstr "kexec_load - 新しいカーネルを後で実行するためにロードする"
1261 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:31
1262 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1263 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1266 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:33
1268 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1271 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1275 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:36
1276 msgid "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1277 msgstr "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1280 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:44
1282 "The B<kexec_load>() system call loads a new kernel that can be executed "
1283 "later by B<reboot>(2)."
1285 "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは、新しいカーネルをロードし、\n"
1286 "その後の B<reboot>(2) で実行できるようにする。"
1289 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1291 "The I<flags> argument is a mask whose high-order bits control the operation "
1292 "of the call. The following values can be specified in I<flags>:"
1294 "I<flags> 引き数はマスクビットで、\n"
1295 "その上位ビットでシステムコールの呼び出しの動作を制御する。\n"
1296 "I<flags> には以下の値を指定できる。"
1299 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1301 msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
1302 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
1304 #. FIXME figure out how this is really used
1306 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1307 msgid "Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash."
1308 msgstr "システムのクラッシュ時に、新しいカーネルを自動的に実行する。"
1311 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1313 msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
1314 msgstr "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (Linux 2.6.27 以降)"
1317 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:64
1319 "Preserve the system hardware and software states before executing the new "
1320 "kernel. This could be used for system suspend. This flag is available only "
1321 "if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP>, and is effective "
1322 "only if I<nr_segments> is greater than 0."
1325 "システムのハードウェアとソフトウェアの状態を保存する。\n"
1326 "システムの中断時 (suspend) などで使用できる。\n"
1327 "このフラグは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP> が有効の場合のみ\n"
1328 "利用可能であり、 I<nr_segments> が 0 より大きい場合のみ効果がある。"
1331 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:84
1333 "The low-order bits of I<flags> contain the architecture of the to-be-"
1334 "executed kernel. Specify (OR) the constant B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> to use the "
1335 "current architecture, or one of the following architecture constants "
1336 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, "
1337 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, "
1338 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, and "
1339 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE>. The architecture must be executable on the CPU of "
1342 "I<flags> の下位ビットには、実行されるカーネルのアーキテクチャが入る。\n"
1343 "現在のアーキテクチャを使うことを意味する定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> か、\n"
1344 "アーキテクチャ定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>,\n"
1345 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>,\n"
1346 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>,\n"
1347 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE> の\n"
1348 "いずれか一つを (OR で) 指定する。指定するアーキテクチャは、\n"
1349 "システムの CPU で実行可能なものでなければならない。"
1352 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:98
1354 "The I<entry> argument is the physical entry address in the kernel image. "
1355 "The I<nr_segments> argument is the number of segments pointed to by the "
1356 "I<segments> pointer. The I<segments> argument is an array of "
1357 "I<kexec_segment> structures which define the kernel layout:"
1359 "I<entry> 引き数は、カーネルイメージの物理エントリーアドレスである。\n"
1360 "I<nr_segments> 引き数は、 I<segments> ポインタが指すセグメントの\n"
1361 "数である。 I<segments> 引き数は I<kexec_segment> 構造体の配列で、\n"
1362 "この構造体によりカーネルの配置が定義される。"
1365 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:107
1368 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1369 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1370 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1371 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1372 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1375 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1376 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1377 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1378 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1379 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1382 #. FIXME elaborate on the following:
1384 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:114
1386 "The kernel image defined by I<segments> is copied from the calling process "
1387 "into previously reserved memory."
1389 "I<segments> で定義されたカーネルイメージは、\n"
1390 "呼び出したプロセスから予約済みメモリにコピーされる。"
1393 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:121
1395 "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
1396 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1398 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
1399 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1402 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:122 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
1403 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1729 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
1409 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:126
1411 "Another crash kernel is already being loaded or a crash kernel is already in "
1414 "別のクラッシュカーネルがすでにロードされているか、\n"
1415 "クラッシュカーネルがすでに使用されている。"
1417 #. KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX == 16
1419 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:133
1420 msgid "I<flags> is invalid; or I<nr_segments> is too large"
1421 msgstr "I<flags> が無効である。 I<nr_segments> が大きすぎる。"
1424 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138
1425 msgid "The caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability."
1426 msgstr "呼び出し側が B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
1429 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:142
1430 msgid "The B<kexec_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.13."
1431 msgstr "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.13 で初めて登場した。"
1434 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:149
1436 "Currently, there is no glibc support for B<kexec_load>(). Call it using "
1439 "現在のところ、 B<kexec_load>() は glibc ではサポートされていない。\n"
1440 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。"
1442 #. FIXME Andi submitted a patch for this.
1443 #. Check if it got accepted later.
1445 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:156
1447 "The required constants are in the Linux kernel source file I<linux/kexec.h>, "
1448 "which is not currently exported to glibc. Therefore, these constants must "
1449 "be defined manually."
1451 "必要な定数は Linux カーネルのソースファイル I<linux/kexec.h> で定義されている\n"
1452 "が、現在のところ glibc には公開されていない。\n"
1453 "そのため、これらの定数は手動で定義しなければならない。"
1456 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159
1458 "This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with "
1461 "このシステムコールは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC> が有効になって\n"
1465 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162
1466 msgid "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1467 msgstr "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1470 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1472 msgid "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1473 msgstr "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1476 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1482 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
1483 msgid "lookup_dcookie - return a directory entry's path"
1484 msgstr "lookup_dcookie - ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を返す"
1487 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
1489 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1492 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1496 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:38
1498 "Look up the full path of the directory entry specified by the value "
1499 "I<cookie>. The cookie is an opaque identifier uniquely identifying a "
1500 "particular directory entry. The buffer given is filled in with the full "
1501 "path of the directory entry."
1503 "I<cookie> 値で指定されたディレクトリ・エントリのフルパス名を検索する。 "
1504 "cookie は、個々のディレクトリ・エントリを区別する内部識別子 (opaque "
1505 "identifier) である。引き数で指定されたバッファに、ディレクトリ・エントリの フ"
1509 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
1511 "For B<lookup_dcookie>() to return successfully, the kernel must still hold "
1512 "a cookie reference to the directory entry."
1514 "B<lookup_dcookie>() が正常に値を返すためには、カーネルがディレクトリ・エント"
1515 "リへの cookie 参照を 保持していなければならない。"
1518 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
1520 "On success, B<lookup_dcookie>() returns the length of the path string "
1521 "copied into the buffer. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1524 "成功した場合、 B<lookup_dcookie>() はバッファにコピーしたパス文字列の長さを"
1525 "返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
1528 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54
1529 msgid "The buffer was not valid."
1530 msgstr "バッファが有効でなかった。"
1533 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1535 "The kernel has no registered cookie/directory entry mappings at the time of "
1536 "lookup, or the cookie does not refer to a valid directory entry."
1538 "検索が行われた時、cookie とディレクトリ・エントリのマッピングがカーネルに 登"
1539 "録されていなかったか、または cookie が有効なディレクトリ・エントリを 参照して"
1543 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1545 msgid "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1546 msgstr "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1549 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61
1550 msgid "The name could not fit in the buffer."
1551 msgstr "名前がバッファに入り切らなかった。"
1554 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:262
1555 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138 build/C/man2/splice.2:155
1556 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:111 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
1562 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
1564 "The kernel could not allocate memory for the temporary buffer holding the "
1567 "カーネルが、パス名を保持する一時バッファ用のメモリを割り当てることが できな"
1571 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70
1573 "The process does not have the capability B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> required to look "
1576 "プロセスが cookie 値を検索するのに必要なケーパビリティ B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> を"
1580 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
1586 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73
1588 "The buffer was not large enough to hold the path of the directory entry."
1590 "バッファが、ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を収容するのに 十分な大きさではな"
1594 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78
1596 "Available since Linux 2.5.43. The B<ENAMETOOLONG> error return was added in "
1599 "Linux 2.5.43 以降で利用できる。 エラー B<ENAMETOOLONG> を返す仕様は 2.5.70 で"
1603 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
1604 msgid "B<lookup_dcookie>() is Linux-specific."
1605 msgstr "B<lookup_dcookie>() は Linux 独自の関数である。"
1608 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:85
1610 "B<lookup_dcookie>() is a special-purpose system call, currently used only "
1611 "by the oprofile profiler. It relies on a kernel driver to register cookies "
1612 "for directory entries."
1614 "B<lookup_dcookie>() は特殊な用途に使われるシステムコールで、現在のところ "
1615 "oprofile profiler で 使われているだけである。"
1618 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
1620 "The path returned may be suffixed by the string \" (deleted)\" if the "
1621 "directory entry has been removed."
1623 "指定されたディレクトリ・エントリが削除されていた場合、返されるパス名の最後に "
1624 "\" (deleted)\" という文字列が付加されることがある。"
1627 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
1633 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27
1634 msgid "modify_ldt - get or set ldt"
1635 msgstr "modify_ldt - ldt を設定または取得する"
1638 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:30
1640 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1641 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1644 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:32
1646 msgid "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1647 msgstr "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1650 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:41
1652 "B<modify_ldt>() reads or writes the local descriptor table (ldt) for a "
1653 "process. The ldt is a per-process memory management table used by the i386 "
1654 "processor. For more information on this table, see an Intel 386 processor "
1657 "B<modify_ldt>() はプロセスのローカル・ディスクリプタ・テーブル (local "
1658 "descriptor table; ldt) を読み書きする。 ldt は i386 プロセッサで使用されるプ"
1659 "ロセスごとのメモリ管理テーブルである。 このテーブルに関してのより詳しい情報"
1660 "は Intel 386 processor handbook を 参照すること。"
1663 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:51
1665 "When I<func> is 0, B<modify_ldt>() reads the ldt into the memory pointed to "
1666 "by I<ptr>. The number of bytes read is the smaller of I<bytecount> and the "
1667 "actual size of the ldt."
1669 "I<func> が 0 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt を I<ptr> が指しているメモリに"
1670 "読み込む。 読み込むバイト数は実際の ldt のサイズか I<bytecount> より小さい方"
1673 #. FIXME ? say something about func == 2 and func == 0x11?
1674 #. In Linux 2.4, func == 2 returned "the default ldt"
1675 #. In Linux 2.6, func == 2 is a nop, returning a zeroed out structure.
1676 #. Linux 2.4 and 2.6 implement an operation for func == 0x11
1678 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:69
1680 "When I<func> is 1, B<modify_ldt>() modifies one ldt entry. I<ptr> points "
1681 "to a I<user_desc> structure and I<bytecount> must equal the size of this "
1684 "I<func> が 1 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt エントリの一つを変更する。 "
1685 "I<ptr> は I<user_desc> 構造体を指し、 I<bytecount> はこの構造体の大きさに等し"
1689 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:73
1690 msgid "The I<user_desc> structure is defined in I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> as:"
1692 "I<user_desc> 構造体は I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
1695 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:87
1698 "struct user_desc {\n"
1699 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1700 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1701 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1702 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1703 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1704 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1705 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1706 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1707 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1710 "struct user_desc {\n"
1711 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1712 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1713 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1714 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1715 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1716 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1717 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1718 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1719 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1723 #. The ldt is specific for the calling process. Any attempts to change
1724 #. the ldt to include the address space of another process or the kernel
1725 #. will result in a segmentation violation when trying to access the memory
1726 #. outside of the process address space. The memory protection is enforced
1727 #. at the paging layer.
1729 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98
1730 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>."
1732 "Linux 2.4 以前では、この構造体は I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> という名前であった。"
1735 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108
1737 "On success, B<modify_ldt>() returns either the actual number of bytes read "
1738 "(for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, B<modify_ldt>() returns -1 "
1739 "and sets I<errno> to indicate the error."
1741 "成功した場合は、 B<modify_ldt>() は (読み込みの場合は) 実際に読み込んだバイ"
1742 "ト数、 または (書き込みの場合は) 0 を返す。 失敗した場合は B<modify_ldt>() "
1743 "は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
1746 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
1747 msgid "I<ptr> points outside the address space."
1748 msgstr "I<ptr> がアドレス空間の外を指している。"
1751 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
1753 "I<ptr> is 0, or I<func> is 1 and I<bytecount> is not equal to the size of "
1754 "the structure I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>, or I<func> is 1 and the new ldt entry has "
1757 "I<ptr> が 0 である、 または I<func> が 1 で I<bytecount> が "
1758 "I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> 構造体のサイズと等しくないか、 I<func> が 1 で新しい ldt "
1762 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
1763 msgid "I<func> is neither 0 nor 1."
1764 msgstr "I<func> が 0 でも 1 でもない。"
1767 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133
1769 "This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
1772 "このコールは Linux 特有であり、移植を意図したプログラムでは 使用してはいけな"
1776 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
1777 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
1779 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
1782 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 B<syscall>"
1786 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138
1791 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1797 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1803 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
1804 msgid "nfsservctl - syscall interface to kernel nfs daemon"
1805 msgstr "nfsservctl - カーネル nfs デーモンのためのインターフェース"
1808 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:14
1810 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1811 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1814 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:17
1817 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1818 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1820 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1821 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1824 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:21
1825 msgid "I<Note>: Since Linux 3.1, this system call no longer exists."
1826 msgstr "I<注意>: Linux 3.1 以降では、このシステムコールはもはや存在しない。"
1829 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:33
1833 " * These are the commands understood by nfsctl().\n"
1835 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* This is a server process. */\n"
1836 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* Add an NFS client. */\n"
1837 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* Remove an NFS client. */\n"
1838 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* export a file system. */\n"
1839 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* unexport a file system. */\n"
1840 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* update a client's UID/GID map. */\n"
1841 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* get an fh (used by mountd) */\n"
1844 " * nfsctl() によって理解されるコマンド\n"
1846 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* サーバープロセス */\n"
1847 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* NFS クライアントを追加 */\n"
1848 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* NFS クライアンドを削除 */\n"
1849 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* ファイルシステムのエクスポート */\n"
1850 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* ファイルシステムのアンエクスポート */\n"
1851 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* UID/GID マップの更新 */\n"
1852 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* (mountd で使用される) fh の取得 */\n"
1855 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:45
1858 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1859 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1861 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1862 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1863 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1864 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1865 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1866 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1870 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1871 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1873 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1874 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1875 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1876 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1877 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1878 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1883 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:50
1886 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1887 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1888 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1891 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1892 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1893 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1897 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:56 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105
1898 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:57
1900 "On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1903 "成功した場合は 0 が返される。エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
1907 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58
1908 msgid "This call is Linux-specific."
1909 msgstr "このコールは Linux 特有である。"
1912 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1918 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1924 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31
1926 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1927 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - port I/O"
1929 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1930 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - ポート入出力"
1933 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:34
1935 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1936 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1939 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:41
1942 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1943 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1944 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1945 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1946 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1947 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1949 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1950 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1951 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1952 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1953 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1954 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1957 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:48
1960 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1961 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1962 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1963 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1964 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1965 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1967 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1968 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1969 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1970 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1971 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1972 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1975 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:61
1978 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1979 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1980 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1981 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1982 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1983 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1984 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1985 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1986 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1987 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1988 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1989 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1991 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1992 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1993 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1994 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1995 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1996 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1997 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1998 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1999 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2000 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2001 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2002 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2005 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:67
2007 "This family of functions is used to do low-level port input and output. The "
2008 "out* functions do port output, the in* functions do port input; the b-suffix "
2009 "functions are byte-width and the w-suffix functions word-width; the _p-"
2010 "suffix functions pause until the I/O completes."
2012 "この一連の関数はポートに対する低レベルの入出力に使用する。 out* 関数はポート"
2013 "出力、in* 関数はポート入力を行う。 語尾に b がついている関数はバイト単位、w "
2014 "がついている関数はワード単位である。 _p がついている関数は I/O が終了するまで"
2017 #. , given the following information
2018 #. in addition to that given in
2021 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:73
2023 "They are primarily designed for internal kernel use, but can be used from "
2026 "これらの関数はもともとカーネル内部での使用を想定して設計されているが、 ユー"
2030 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:78
2032 "You must compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined "
2033 "as inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization "
2034 "enabled, causing unresolved references at link time."
2036 "B<-O> や B<-O2> などを指定してコンパイルしなければならない。 これらの関数はイ"
2037 "ンライン・マクロとして定義されており、 最適化を行わないと関数の展開が行われ"
2038 "ず、 リンクの時に「解決できない参照(unresolved reference)」が発生する。"
2041 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:87
2043 "You use B<ioperm>(2) or alternatively B<iopl>(2) to tell the kernel to "
2044 "allow the user space application to access the I/O ports in question. "
2045 "Failure to do this will cause the application to receive a segmentation "
2048 "ユーザー空間のアプリケーションが I/O ポートにアクセスすることを カーネルに教"
2049 "えるために B<ioperm>(2) もしくは B<iopl>(2) を使用すること。これを忘れると"
2050 "アプリケーションはセグメンテーション違反 (segmentation fault) を受けとること"
2054 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96
2056 "B<outb>() and friends are hardware-specific. The I<value> argument is "
2057 "passed first and the I<port> argument is passed second, which is the "
2058 "opposite order from most DOS implementations."
2060 "B<outb>() とその仲間はハードウェア特有である。 I<value> 引数が最初に渡さ"
2061 "れ、 I<port> 引数が二番目に渡される。 この順序はほとんどの DOS での実装とは逆"
2065 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99
2066 msgid "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2067 msgstr "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2070 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2072 msgid "PCICONFIG_READ"
2073 msgstr "PCICONFIG_READ"
2076 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2082 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
2084 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci device information "
2087 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci デバイス情報を扱う"
2090 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:14
2092 msgid "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2093 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2096 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:21
2099 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2100 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2101 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2102 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2103 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2104 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2106 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2107 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2108 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2109 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2110 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2111 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2114 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27
2116 "Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the kernel "
2117 "PCI layer, and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed from "
2120 "PCI デバイスとのやり取り (interaction) は カーネル PCI レイヤですでに処理され"
2121 "ているので、 通常はこららの関数をユーザ空間からアクセスする必要はない。"
2124 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:51
2126 msgid "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2127 msgstr "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2130 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36
2131 msgid "Reads to I<buf> from device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2132 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> の値を I<buf> に読み込む。"
2135 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57
2137 msgid "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2138 msgstr "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2141 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45
2142 msgid "Writes from I<buf> to device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2143 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> に I<buf> の値を書き込む。"
2146 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2148 msgid "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2149 msgstr "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2152 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50
2154 "You pass it a bus/devfn pair and get a physical address for either the "
2155 "memory offset (for things like prep, this is 0xc0000000), the IO base for "
2156 "PIO cycles, or the ISA holes if any."
2158 "bus/devfn ペアをこの関数に渡し、 メモリオフセット (prep のようなものでは、こ"
2159 "の値は 0xc0000000 である) と PIO サイクルの IO ベースの物理アドレスを取得す"
2160 "る。 また、もしあるならば ISA hole の物理アドレスを取得する。"
2163 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2165 "On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
2168 "成功した場合、0 が返される。 エラーの場合、-1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
2172 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
2174 "Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory "
2175 "according to the I<which> value. Values for I<which> are: "
2176 "B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, "
2177 "B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM>."
2179 "I<which> の値に基づいて、物理メモリ内の様々な I/O 領域の位置情報が返される。 "
2180 "I<which> の値は、 B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, "
2181 "B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM> である。"
2184 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
2185 msgid "I<len> value is invalid. This does not apply to B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2187 "I<len> の値が無効である。 このエラーは B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されな"
2191 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1746
2192 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
2198 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
2203 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
2209 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93
2211 "For B<pciconfig_iobase>(), \"hose\" value is NULL. For the other calls, "
2212 "could not find a slot."
2214 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() の場合、でホース (hose) の値が NULL である。 他の呼び"
2215 "出しの場合、スロット (slot) が見つからない。"
2218 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
2219 msgid "The system has not implemented these calls (B<CONFIG_PCI> not defined)."
2221 "このシステムはこれらの呼び出しを実装していない。 (B<CONFIG_PCI> が定義されて"
2225 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
2227 msgid "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2228 msgstr "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2231 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105
2233 "This return value is valid only for B<pciconfig_iobase>(). It is returned "
2234 "if the value for I<which> is invalid."
2236 "この返り値は B<pciconfig_iobase>() でのみ有効である。 このエラーは I<which> "
2240 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:110
2242 "User does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability. This does not apply to "
2243 "B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2245 "ユーザが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> 権限を持っていない。 このエラーは "
2246 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されない。"
2249 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112
2250 msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
2252 "これらの呼び出しは Linux 特有のものであり、 Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11 から使用可能"
2256 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
2257 msgid "B<capabilities>(7)"
2258 msgstr "B<capabilities>(7)"
2261 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2263 msgid "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2264 msgstr "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2267 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2273 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30
2274 msgid "perf_event_open - set up performance monitoring"
2278 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:34
2281 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2282 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2284 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2285 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2288 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:38
2291 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2292 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2293 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2295 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2296 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2297 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2300 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:47
2302 "Given a list of parameters, B<perf_event_open>() returns a file descriptor, "
2303 "for use in subsequent system calls (B<read>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<prctl>(2), "
2304 "B<fcntl>(2), etc.)."
2308 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:55
2310 "A call to B<perf_event_open>() creates a file descriptor that allows "
2311 "measuring performance information. Each file descriptor corresponds to one "
2312 "event that is measured; these can be grouped together to measure multiple "
2313 "events simultaneously."
2317 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:62
2319 "Events can be enabled and disabled in two ways: via B<ioctl>(2) and via "
2320 "B<prctl>(2)B<.> When an event is disabled it does not count or generate "
2321 "overflows but does continue to exist and maintain its count value."
2325 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2327 "Events come in two flavors: counting and sampled. A I<counting> event is "
2328 "one that is used for counting the aggregate number of events that occur. In "
2329 "general, counting event results are gathered with a B<read>(2) call. A "
2330 "I<sampling> event periodically writes measurements to a buffer that can then "
2331 "be accessed via B<mmap>(2)B<.>"
2335 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2341 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
2343 "The argument I<pid> allows events to be attached to processes in various "
2344 "ways. If I<pid> is 0, measurements happen on the current thread, if I<pid> "
2345 "is greater than 0, the process indicated by I<pid> is measured, and if "
2346 "I<pid> is -1, all processes are counted."
2350 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:101
2352 "The I<cpu> argument allows measurements to be specific to a CPU. If I<cpu> "
2353 "is greater than or equal to 0, measurements are restricted to the specified "
2354 "CPU; if I<cpu> is -1, the events are measured on all CPUs."
2358 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:107
2360 "Note that the combination of I<pid> == -1 and I<cpu> == -1 is not valid."
2364 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:115
2366 "A I<pid> E<gt> 0 and I<cpu> == -1 setting measures per-process and follows "
2367 "that process to whatever CPU the process gets scheduled to. Per-process "
2368 "events can be created by any user."
2372 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:126
2374 "A I<pid> == -1 and I<cpu> E<gt>= 0 setting is per-CPU and measures all "
2375 "processes on the specified CPU. Per-CPU events need the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> "
2376 "capability or a I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid> value of less than 1."
2380 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:148
2382 "The I<group_fd> argument allows event groups to be created. An event group "
2383 "has one event which is the group leader. The leader is created first, with "
2384 "I<group_fd> = -1. The rest of the group members are created with subsequent "
2385 "B<perf_event_open>() calls with I<group_fd> being set to the fd of the "
2386 "group leader. (A single event on its own is created with I<group_fd> = -1 "
2387 "and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.) An event group is "
2388 "scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will be put onto the CPU ionly if all "
2389 "of the events in the group can be put onto the CPU. This means that the "
2390 "values of the member events can be meaningfully compared, added, divided (to "
2391 "get ratios), etc., with each other, since they have counted events for the "
2392 "same set of executed instructions."
2396 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:152
2398 #| msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
2399 msgid "The I<flags> argument takes one of the following values:"
2400 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
2403 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:152
2405 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
2408 #. FIXME The following sentence is unclear
2409 #. FIXME So, why is it useful?
2411 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
2413 "This flag allows creating an event as part of an event group but having no "
2414 "group leader. It is unclear why this is useful."
2418 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
2420 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT>"
2424 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:162
2425 msgid "This flag re-routes the output from an event to the group leader."
2429 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:162
2431 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
2432 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (Since Linux 2.6.39)."
2433 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
2436 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:185
2438 "This flag activates per-container system-wide monitoring. A container is an "
2439 "abstraction that isolates a set of resources for finer grain control (CPUs, "
2440 "memory, etc...). In this mode, the event is measured only if the thread "
2441 "running on the monitored CPU belongs to the designated container (cgroup). "
2442 "The cgroup is identified by passing a file descriptor opened on its "
2443 "directory in the cgroupfs filesystem. For instance, if the cgroup to "
2444 "monitor is called I<test>, then a file descriptor opened on I</dev/cgroup/"
2445 "test> (assuming cgroupfs is mounted on I</dev/cgroup>) must be passed as "
2446 "the I<pid> parameter. cgroup monitoring is available only for system-wide "
2447 "events and may therefore require extra permissions."
2451 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:190
2453 "The I<perf_event_attr> structure provides detailed configuration information "
2454 "for the event being created."
2458 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:197
2461 "struct perf_event_attr {\n"
2462 " __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
2463 " __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
2464 " __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
2468 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:202
2472 " __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
2473 " __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
2478 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:205
2481 " __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
2482 " __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
2486 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:231
2489 " __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
2490 " inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
2491 " pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
2492 " exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
2493 " exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
2494 " exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
2495 " exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
2496 " exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
2497 " mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
2498 " comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
2499 " freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
2500 " inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
2501 " enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
2502 " task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
2503 " watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
2504 " precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
2505 " mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
2506 " sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
2507 " exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
2508 " exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
2509 " exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
2510 " /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
2511 " exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
2512 "\t /* exclude user callchains */\n"
2513 " __reserved_1 : 41;\n"
2517 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:236
2521 " __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
2522 " __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
2527 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:238
2529 msgid " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
2533 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:243
2537 " __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
2538 " __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
2543 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:253
2547 " __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
2548 " __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
2550 " __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
2551 " __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
2552 " __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
2554 " __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
2558 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:255
2564 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:261
2566 "The fields of the I<perf_event_attr> structure are described in more detail "
2571 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:261 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1272
2577 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:265
2579 "This field specifies the overall event type. It has one of the following "
2584 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:266
2586 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
2590 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
2592 "This indicates one of the \"generalized\" hardware events provided by the "
2593 "kernel. See the I<config> field definition for more details."
2597 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
2599 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
2603 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:277
2605 "This indicates one of the software-defined events provided by the kernel "
2606 "(even if no hardware support is available)."
2610 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:277
2612 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2613 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2616 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:281
2618 "This indicates a tracepoint provided by the kernel tracepoint infrastructure."
2622 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:281
2624 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
2628 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
2630 "This indicates a hardware cache event. This has a special encoding, "
2631 "described in the I<config> field definition."
2635 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
2637 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
2641 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:291
2643 "This indicates a \"raw\" implementation-specific event in the I<config> "
2648 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:291
2650 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
2651 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
2652 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
2655 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
2657 "This indicates a hardware breakpoint as provided by the CPU. Breakpoints "
2658 "can be read/write accesses to an address as well as execution of an "
2659 "instruction address."
2663 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
2669 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:315
2671 "Since Linux 2.6.39, B<perf_event_open>() can support multiple PMUs. To "
2672 "enable this, a value exported by the kernel can be used in the I<type> field "
2673 "to indicate which PMU to use. The value to use can be found in the sysfs "
2674 "filesystem: there is a subdirectory per PMU instance under I</sys/bus/"
2675 "event_source/devices>. In each sub-directory there is a I<type> file whose "
2676 "content is an integer that can be used in the I<type> field. For instance, "
2677 "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/type> contains the value for the core "
2678 "CPU PMU, which is usually 4."
2682 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:316 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1588
2688 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:325
2690 "The size of the I<perf_event_attr> structure for forward/backward "
2691 "compatibility. Set this using I<sizeof(struct perf_event_attr)> to allow "
2692 "the kernel to see the struct size at the time of compilation."
2696 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:340
2698 "The related define B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0> is set to 64; this was the size of "
2699 "the first published struct. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER1> is 72, corresponding to "
2700 "the addition of breakpoints in Linux 2.6.33. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2> is 80 "
2701 "corresponding to the addition of branch sampling in Linux 3.4. "
2702 "B<PERF_ATR_SIZE_VER3> is 96 corresponding to the addition of "
2703 "I<sample_regs_user> and I<sample_stack_user> in Linux 3.7."
2707 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:340
2713 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:351
2715 "This specifies which event you want, in conjunction with the I<type> field. "
2716 "The I<config1> and I<config2> fields are also taken into account in cases "
2717 "where 64 bits is not enough to fully specify the event. The encoding of "
2718 "these fields are event dependent."
2722 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:357
2724 "The most significant bit (bit 63) of I<config> signifies CPU-specific (raw) "
2725 "counter configuration data; if the most significant bit is unset, the next 7 "
2726 "bits are an event type and the rest of the bits are the event identifier."
2730 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:368
2732 "There are various ways to set the I<config> field that are dependent on the "
2733 "value of the previously described I<type> field. What follows are various "
2734 "possible settings for I<config> separated out by I<type>."
2738 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:378
2740 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>, we are measuring one of the generalized "
2741 "hardware CPU events. Not all of these are available on all platforms. Set "
2742 "I<config> to one of the following:"
2746 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:379
2748 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
2752 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
2753 msgid "Total cycles. Be wary of what happens during CPU frequency scaling"
2757 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
2759 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2763 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
2765 "Retired instructions. Be careful, these can be affected by various issues, "
2766 "most notably hardware interrupt counts"
2770 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
2772 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
2776 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2778 "Cache accesses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache accesses but this "
2779 "may vary depending on your CPU. This may include prefetches and coherency "
2780 "messages; again this depends on the design of your CPU."
2784 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2786 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
2790 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
2792 "Cache misses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache misses; this is "
2793 "intended to be used in conjunction with the "
2794 "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES> event to calculate cache miss rates."
2798 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
2800 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2804 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
2806 "Retired branch instructions. Prior to Linux 2.6.34, this used the wrong "
2807 "event on AMD processors."
2811 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
2813 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
2817 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2818 msgid "Mispredicted branch instructions."
2822 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2824 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
2828 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2829 msgid "Bus cycles, which can be different from total cycles."
2833 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2835 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
2836 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Since Linux 3.0)"
2837 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
2840 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2841 msgid "Stalled cycles during issue."
2845 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2847 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (Since Linux 3.0)"
2851 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
2852 msgid "Stalled cycles during retirement."
2856 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
2858 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
2859 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (Since Linux 3.3)"
2860 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
2863 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:422
2864 msgid "Total cycles; not affected by CPU frequency scaling."
2868 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:432
2870 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>, we are measuring software events "
2871 "provided by the kernel. Set I<config> to one of the following:"
2875 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:433
2877 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
2881 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:436
2882 msgid "This reports the CPU clock, a high-resolution per-CPU timer."
2886 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:436
2888 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
2892 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
2893 msgid "This reports a clock count specific to the task that is running."
2897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
2899 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
2903 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
2904 msgid "This reports the number of page faults."
2908 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
2910 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
2914 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
2916 "This counts context switches. Until Linux 2.6.34, these were all reported "
2917 "as user-space events, after that they are reported as happening in the "
2922 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
2924 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
2928 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:451
2929 msgid "This reports the number of times the process has migrated to a new CPU."
2933 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:451
2935 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
2939 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:455
2941 "This counts the number of minor page faults. These did not require disk I/O "
2946 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:455
2948 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
2952 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
2954 "This counts the number of major page faults. These required disk I/O to "
2959 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
2961 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
2962 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
2963 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
2966 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:465
2968 "This counts the number of alignment faults. These happen when unaligned "
2969 "memory accesses happen; the kernel can handle these but it reduces "
2970 "performance. This happens only on some architectures (never on x86)."
2974 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:465
2976 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
2977 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
2978 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
2981 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:471
2983 "This counts the number of emulation faults. The kernel sometimes traps on "
2984 "unimplemented instructions and emulates them for user space. This can "
2985 "negatively impact performance."
2989 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:484
2991 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>, then we are measuring kernel "
2992 "tracepoints. The value to use in I<config> can be obtained from under "
2993 "debugfs I<tracing/events/*/*/id> if ftrace is enabled in the kernel."
2997 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:495
2999 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>, then we are measuring a hardware CPU "
3000 "cache event. To calculate the appropriate I<config> value use the following "
3005 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:500
3008 " (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
3009 " (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
3013 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:505
3014 msgid "where I<perf_hw_cache_id> is one of:"
3018 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:506
3020 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
3024 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:509
3025 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Data Cache"
3029 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:509
3031 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
3035 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:512
3036 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Instruction Cache"
3040 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:512
3042 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
3046 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:515
3047 msgid "for measuring Last-Level Cache"
3051 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:515
3053 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
3057 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:518
3058 msgid "for measuring the Data TLB"
3062 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:518
3064 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
3068 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:521
3069 msgid "for measuring the Instruction TLB"
3073 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:521
3075 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
3079 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:524
3080 msgid "for measuring the branch prediction unit"
3084 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:524
3086 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
3087 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Since Linux 3.0)"
3088 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
3091 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:527
3092 msgid "for measuring local memory accesses"
3096 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:532
3097 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_id> is one of"
3101 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:533
3103 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
3107 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:536
3108 msgid "for read accesses"
3112 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:536
3114 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
3118 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:539
3119 msgid "for write accesses"
3123 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:539
3125 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
3129 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:542
3130 msgid "for prefetch accesses"
3134 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:547
3135 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_result_id> is one of"
3139 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:548
3141 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
3145 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:551
3146 msgid "to measure accesses"
3150 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:551
3152 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
3156 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:554
3157 msgid "to measure misses"
3161 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:572
3163 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>, then a custom \"raw\" I<config> value is "
3164 "needed. Most CPUs support events that are not covered by the \"generalized"
3165 "\" events. These are implementation defined; see your CPU manual (for "
3166 "example the Intel Volume 3B documentation or the AMD BIOS and Kernel "
3167 "Developer Guide). The libpfm4 library can be used to translate from the "
3168 "name in the architectural manuals to the raw hex value B<perf_event_open>() "
3169 "expects in this field."
3173 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:581
3175 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>, then leave I<config> set to zero. "
3176 "Its parameters are set in other places."
3180 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:582
3182 msgid "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
3186 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:594
3188 "A \"sampling\" counter is one that generates an interrupt every N events, "
3189 "where N is given by I<sample_period>. A sampling counter has "
3190 "I<sample_period> E<gt> 0. When an overflow interrupt occurs, requested data "
3191 "is recorded in the mmap buffer. The I<sample_type> field controls what data "
3192 "is recorded on each interrupt."
3196 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:604
3198 "I<sample_freq> can be used if you wish to use frequency rather than period. "
3199 "In this case you set the I<freq> flag. The kernel will adjust the sampling "
3200 "period to try and achieve the desired rate. The rate of adjustment is a "
3205 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:604
3207 msgid "I<sample_type>"
3211 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:616
3213 "The various bits in this field specify which values to include in the "
3214 "sample. They will be recorded in a ring-buffer, which is available to user "
3215 "space using B<mmap>(2). The order in which the values are saved in the "
3216 "sample are documented in the MMAP Layout subsection below; it is not the "
3217 "I<enum perf_event_sample_format> order."
3221 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:617
3223 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
3227 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:620
3228 msgid "Records instruction pointer."
3232 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:620
3234 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
3238 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:623
3239 msgid "Records the process and thread IDs."
3243 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:623
3245 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
3249 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:626
3250 msgid "Records a timestamp."
3254 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:626
3256 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
3260 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:629
3261 msgid "Records an address, if applicable."
3265 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:629
3267 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
3271 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:632
3273 "Record counter values for all events in a group, not just the group leader."
3277 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:632
3279 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
3283 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:635
3284 msgid "Records the callchain (stack backtrace)."
3288 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:635
3290 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
3294 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:638
3295 msgid "Records a unique ID for the opened event's group leader."
3299 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:638
3301 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
3305 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
3306 msgid "Records CPU number."
3310 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
3312 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
3316 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:644
3317 msgid "Records the current sampling period."
3321 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:644
3323 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
3327 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
3329 "Records a unique ID for the opened event. Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the "
3330 "actual ID is returned, not the group leader. This ID is the same as the one "
3331 "returned by PERF_FORMAT_ID."
3335 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
3337 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
3341 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:655
3343 "Records additional data, if applicable. Usually returned by tracepoint "
3348 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:655
3350 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
3351 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Since Linux 3.4)"
3352 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
3355 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:659
3356 msgid "Records the branch stack. See branch_sample_type."
3360 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:659
3362 #| msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
3363 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3364 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.6.7 以降)"
3367 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:662
3368 msgid "Records the current register state."
3372 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:662
3374 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
3375 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3376 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
3379 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:665 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1786
3380 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1803
3381 msgid "[To be documented]"
3385 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:666
3387 msgid "I<read_format>"
3391 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:673
3393 "This field specifies the format of the data returned by B<read>(2) on a "
3394 "B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor."
3398 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:674
3400 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
3404 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:681
3406 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_enabled> field. This can be used to calculate "
3407 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3411 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:681
3413 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
3417 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:688
3419 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_running> field. This can be used to calculate "
3420 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3424 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:688
3426 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
3430 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:691
3431 msgid "Adds a 64-bit unique value that corresponds to the event group."
3435 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:691
3437 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
3441 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:694
3442 msgid "Allows all counter values in an event group to be read with one read."
3446 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:695
3452 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:705
3454 "The I<disabled> bit specifies whether the counter starts out disabled or "
3455 "enabled. If disabled, the event can later be enabled by B<ioctl>(2), "
3456 "B<prctl>(2), or I<enable_on_exec>."
3460 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:705
3466 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:714
3468 "The I<inherit> bit specifies that this counter should count events of child "
3469 "tasks as well as the task specified. This applies only to new children, not "
3470 "to any existing children at the time the counter is created (nor to any new "
3471 "children of existing children)."
3475 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:719
3477 "Inherit does not work for some combinations of I<read_format>s, such as "
3478 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>."
3482 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:719
3488 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:732
3490 "The I<pinned> bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if "
3491 "at all possible. It applies only to hardware counters and only to group "
3492 "leaders. If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because "
3493 "there are not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some "
3494 "other event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads "
3495 "return end-of-file (i.e., B<read>(2) returns 0) until the counter is "
3496 "subsequently enabled or disabled."
3500 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:732
3502 msgid "I<exclusive>"
3506 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:741
3508 "The I<exclusive> bit specifies that when this counter's group is on the CPU, "
3509 "it should be the only group using the CPU's counters. In the future this "
3510 "may allow monitoring programs to support PMU features that need to run alone "
3511 "so that they do not disrupt other hardware counters."
3515 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:741
3517 msgid "I<exclude_user>"
3521 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:744
3523 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in user space."
3527 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:744
3529 msgid "I<exclude_kernel>"
3533 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:747
3535 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in kernel-space."
3539 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:747
3541 msgid "I<exclude_hv>"
3545 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:755
3547 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in the "
3548 "hypervisor. This is mainly for PMUs that have built-in support for handling "
3549 "this (such as POWER). Extra support is needed for handling hypervisor "
3550 "measurements on most machines."
3554 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:755
3556 msgid "I<exclude_idle>"
3560 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:758
3561 msgid "If set, don't count when the CPU is idle."
3565 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:758
3571 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:763
3572 msgid "The I<mmap> bit enables recording of exec mmap events."
3576 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:763
3582 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:774
3584 "The I<comm> bit enables tracking of process command name as modified by the "
3585 "I<exec>(2) and I<prctl>(PR_SET_NAME) system calls. Unfortunately for "
3586 "tools, there is no way to distinguish one system call versus the other."
3590 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:774
3596 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:781
3598 "If this bit is set, then I<sample_frequency> not I<sample_period> is used "
3599 "when setting up the sampling interval."
3603 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:781
3605 msgid "I<inherit_stat>"
3609 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:788
3611 "This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for inherited "
3612 "tasks. This is meaningful only if the I<inherit> field is set."
3616 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:788
3618 msgid "I<enable_on_exec>"
3622 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:793
3624 "If this bit is set, a counter is automatically enabled after a call to "
3629 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:793
3635 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:797
3637 "If this bit is set, then fork/exit notifications are included in the ring "
3642 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:797
3644 msgid "I<watermark>"
3648 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:805
3650 "If set, have a sampling interrupt happen when we cross the "
3651 "I<wakeup_watermark> boundary. Otherwise interrupts happen after "
3652 "I<wakeup_events> samples."
3656 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:805
3658 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3659 msgid "I<precise_ip> (Since Linux 2.6.35)"
3660 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3663 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:815
3665 "This controls the amount of skid. Skid is how many instructions execute "
3666 "between an event of interest happening and the kernel being able to stop and "
3667 "record the event. Smaller skid is better and allows more accurate reporting "
3668 "of which events correspond to which instructions, but hardware is often "
3669 "limited with how small this can be."
3673 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:817
3675 #| msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
3676 msgid "The values of this are the following:"
3677 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
3680 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:818
3686 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:822
3687 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> can have arbitrary skid"
3691 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:822
3697 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:826
3698 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have constant skid"
3702 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:826
3708 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:830
3709 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> requested to have 0 skid"
3713 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:830
3719 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:836
3720 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have 0 skid. See also B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>."
3724 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:837
3726 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3727 msgid "I<mmap_data> (Since Linux 2.6.36)"
3728 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3731 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:843
3733 "The counterpart of the I<mmap> field, but enables including data mmap events "
3734 "in the ring-buffer."
3738 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:843
3740 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3741 msgid "I<sample_id_all> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
3742 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3745 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:851
3747 "If set, then TID, TIME, ID, CPU, and STREAM_ID can additionally be included "
3748 "in non-B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>s if the corresponding I<sample_type> is "
3753 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:851
3755 msgid "I<exclude_host> (Since Linux 3.2)"
3759 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:854
3760 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM host"
3764 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:854
3766 msgid "I<exclude_guest> (Since Linux 3.2)"
3770 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:857
3771 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM guest"
3775 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:857
3777 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3781 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:860
3782 msgid "Do not include kernel callchains."
3786 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:860
3788 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3792 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:863
3793 msgid "Do not include user callchains."
3797 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:863
3799 msgid "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
3803 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:873
3805 "This union sets how many samples (I<wakeup_events>) or bytes "
3806 "(I<wakeup_watermark>) happen before an overflow signal happens. Which one "
3807 "is used is selected by the I<watermark> bitflag."
3811 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:873
3813 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3814 msgid "I<bp_type> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3815 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3818 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:877
3819 msgid "This chooses the breakpoint type. It is one of:"
3823 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:878
3825 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
3829 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:881
3830 msgid "no breakpoint"
3834 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:881
3836 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
3840 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:884
3841 msgid "count when we read the memory location"
3845 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:884
3847 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
3851 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:887
3852 msgid "count when we write the memory location"
3856 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:887
3858 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
3862 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:890
3863 msgid "count when we read or write the memory location"
3867 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:890
3869 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
3873 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:893
3874 msgid "count when we execute code at the memory location"
3878 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:902
3880 "The values can be combined via a bitwise or, but the combination of "
3881 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R> or B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W> with B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X> is not "
3886 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:903
3888 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3889 msgid "I<bp_addr> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3890 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3893 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:910
3895 "I<bp_addr> address of the breakpoint. For execution breakpoints this is the "
3896 "memory address of the instruction of interest; for read and write "
3897 "breakpoints it is the memory address of the memory location of interest."
3901 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:910
3903 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3904 msgid "I<config1> (Since Linux 2.6.39)"
3905 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3908 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:917
3910 "I<config1> is used for setting events that need an extra register or "
3911 "otherwise do not fit in the regular config field. Raw OFFCORE_EVENTS on "
3912 "Nehalem/Westmere/SandyBridge use this field on 3.3 and later kernels."
3916 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:917
3918 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3919 msgid "I<bp_len> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3920 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3923 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:931
3925 "I<bp_len> is the length of the breakpoint being measured if I<type> is "
3926 "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>. Options are B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1>, "
3927 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_8>. For "
3928 "an execution breakpoint, set this to I<sizeof(long)>."
3932 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:931
3934 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3935 msgid "I<config2> (Since Linux 2.6.39)"
3936 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3939 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:938
3940 msgid "I<config2> is a further extension of the I<config1> field."
3944 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:938
3946 msgid "I<branch_sample_type> (Since Linux 3.4)"
3950 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:942
3952 "This is used with the CPUs hardware branch sampling, if available. It can "
3953 "have one of the following values:"
3957 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:943
3959 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER>"
3963 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:946
3964 msgid "Branch target is in user space"
3968 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:946
3970 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL>"
3974 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:949
3975 msgid "Branch target is in kernel space"
3979 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:949
3981 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV>"
3985 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:952
3986 msgid "Branch target is in hypervisor"
3990 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:952
3992 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY>"
3996 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:955
3997 msgid "Any branch type."
4001 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:955
4003 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL>"
4007 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:958
4008 msgid "Any call branch"
4012 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:958
4014 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN>"
4018 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:961
4019 msgid "Any return branch"
4023 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:961
4025 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL>"
4029 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:964
4030 msgid "Indirect calls"
4034 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:964
4036 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_PLM_ALL>"
4040 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:967
4041 msgid "User, kernel, and hv"
4045 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:968
4047 msgid "I<sample_regs_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
4050 #. FIXME: The following reference seems to be not quite right:
4052 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:974
4054 "This defines the set of user registers to dump on samples. See I<asm/"
4059 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:974
4061 msgid "I<sample_stack_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
4065 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:977
4066 msgid "This defines the size of the user stack to dump on samples."
4070 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:977
4072 msgid "Reading results"
4076 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:987
4078 "Once a B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor has been opened, the values of "
4079 "the events can be read from the file descriptor. The values that are there "
4080 "are specified by the I<read_format> field in the I<attr> structure at open "
4085 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:992
4087 "If you attempt to read into a buffer that is not big enough to hold the data "
4088 "B<ENOSPC> is returned"
4092 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994
4093 msgid "Here is the layout of the data returned by a read:"
4097 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1012
4098 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1553 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1563
4099 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1571 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1577
4100 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1706
4106 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:998
4108 "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified to allow reading all events in a group "
4113 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1010
4116 "struct read_format {\n"
4117 " u64 nr; /* The number of events */\n"
4118 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4119 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4121 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4122 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4128 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1018
4129 msgid "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was I<not> specified:"
4133 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1027
4136 "struct read_format {\n"
4137 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4138 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4139 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4140 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4145 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1031
4146 msgid "The values read are as follows:"
4150 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1031
4156 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1037
4158 "The number of events in this file descriptor. Only available if "
4159 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified."
4163 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1037
4165 msgid "I<time_enabled>, I<time_running>"
4169 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1049
4171 "Total time the event was enabled and running. Normally these are the same. "
4172 "If more events are started than available counter slots on the PMU, then "
4173 "multiplexing happens and events run only part of the time. In that case the "
4174 "I<time_enabled> and I<time running> values can be used to scale an estimated "
4175 "value for the count."
4179 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1049
4185 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1052
4186 msgid "An unsigned 64-bit value containing the counter result."
4190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1052 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1316
4191 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1451
4197 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1058
4199 "A globally unique value for this particular event, only there if "
4200 "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID> was specified in I<read_format>."
4204 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1058
4210 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1068
4212 "When using B<perf_event_open>() in sampled mode, asynchronous events (like "
4213 "counter overflow or B<PROT_EXEC> mmap tracking) are logged into a ring-"
4214 "buffer. This ring-buffer is created and accessed through B<mmap>(2)."
4218 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1074
4220 "The mmap size should be 1+2^n pages, where the first page is a metadata page "
4221 "(I<struct perf_event_mmap_page>) that contains various bits of information "
4222 "such as where the ring-buffer head is."
4226 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1077
4228 "Before kernel 2.6.39, there is a bug that means you must allocate a mmap "
4229 "ring buffer when sampling even if you do not plan to access it."
4233 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1079
4234 msgid "The structure of the first metadata mmap page is as follows:"
4238 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1103
4241 "struct perf_event_mmap_page {\n"
4242 " __u32 version; /* version number of this structure */\n"
4243 " __u32 compat_version; /* lowest version this is compat with */\n"
4244 " __u32 lock; /* seqlock for synchronization */\n"
4245 " __u32 index; /* hardware counter identifier */\n"
4246 " __s64 offset; /* add to hardware counter value */\n"
4247 " __u64 time_enabled; /* time event active */\n"
4248 " __u64 time_running; /* time event on CPU */\n"
4250 " __u64 capabilities;\n"
4251 " __u64 cap_usr_time : 1,\n"
4252 " cap_usr_rdpmc : 1,\n"
4254 " __u16 pmc_width;\n"
4255 " __u16 time_shift;\n"
4256 " __u32 time_mult;\n"
4257 " __u64 time_offset;\n"
4258 " __u64 __reserved[120]; /* Pad to 1k */\n"
4259 " __u64 data_head; /* head in the data section */\n"
4260 " __u64 data_tail; /* user-space written tail */\n"
4265 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1109
4267 "The following looks at the fields in the I<perf_event_mmap_page> structure "
4272 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1109
4278 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1112
4279 msgid "Version number of this structure."
4283 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1112
4285 msgid "I<compat_version>"
4289 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1115
4290 msgid "The lowest version this is compatible with."
4294 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1115
4300 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1118
4301 msgid "A seqlock for synchronization."
4305 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1118
4311 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1121
4312 msgid "A unique hardware counter identifier."
4316 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1121
4323 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1125
4324 msgid "Add this to hardware counter value??"
4328 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1125
4330 msgid "I<time_enabled>"
4334 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1128
4335 msgid "Time the event was active."
4339 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1128
4341 msgid "I<time_running>"
4345 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1131
4346 msgid "Time the event was running."
4350 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1131
4352 msgid "I<cap_usr_time>"
4356 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
4357 msgid "User time capability"
4361 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
4363 msgid "I<cap_usr_rdpmc>"
4367 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1139
4369 "If the hardware supports user-space read of performance counters without "
4370 "syscall (this is the \"rdpmc\" instruction on x86), then the following code "
4371 "can be used to do a read:"
4375 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1146
4378 "u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
4379 "u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
4380 "u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
4385 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1152
4389 " seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
4391 " enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
4392 " running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
4396 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1159
4399 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
4401 " time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
4402 " time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
4403 " time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
4408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1162
4411 " idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
4412 " count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
4416 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1167
4419 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
4420 " width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
4421 " pmc = rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
4426 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1170
4430 "} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
4434 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1172
4436 msgid "I<pmc_width>"
4440 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1179
4442 "If I<cap_usr_rdpmc>, this field provides the bit-width of the value read "
4443 "using the rdpmc or equivalent instruction. This can be used to sign extend "
4448 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1185
4451 "pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
4452 "pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
4457 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1187
4459 msgid "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
4463 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1194
4465 "If I<cap_usr_time>, these fields can be used to compute the time delta since "
4466 "time_enabled (in nanoseconds) using rdtsc or similar."
4470 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1202
4475 " quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4476 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
4477 " delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
4478 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4482 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1214
4484 "Where I<time_offset>, I<time_mult>, I<time_shift>, and I<cyc> are read in "
4485 "the seqcount loop described above. This delta can then be added to enabled "
4486 "and possible running (if idx), improving the scaling:"
4490 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1222
4493 " enabled += delta;\n"
4495 " running += delta;\n"
4496 " quot = count / running;\n"
4497 " rem = count % running;\n"
4498 " count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
4502 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1223
4504 msgid "I<data_head>"
4508 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1229
4510 "This points to the head of the data section. The value continuously "
4511 "increases, it does not wrap. The value needs to be manually wrapped by the "
4512 "size of the mmap buffer before accessing the samples."
4516 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1232
4518 "On SMP-capable platforms, after reading the data_head value, user space "
4519 "should issue an rmb()."
4523 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1232
4525 msgid "I<data_tail;>"
4529 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1240
4531 "When the mapping is B<PROT_WRITE>, the I<data_tail> value should be written "
4532 "by user space to reflect the last read data. In this case the kernel will "
4533 "not over-write unread data."
4537 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1242
4538 msgid "The following 2^n ring-buffer pages have the layout described below."
4542 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1256
4544 "If I<perf_event_attr.sample_id_all> is set, then all event types will have "
4545 "the sample_type selected fields related to where/when (identity) an event "
4546 "took place (TID, TIME, ID, CPU, STREAM_ID) described in "
4547 "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> below, it will be stashed just after the "
4548 "I<perf_event_header> and the fields already present for the existing fields, "
4549 "i.e., at the end of the payload. That way a newer perf.data file will be "
4550 "supported by older perf tools, with these new optional fields being ignored."
4554 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1258
4555 msgid "The mmap values start with a header:"
4559 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1266
4562 "struct perf_event_header {\n"
4570 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1272
4571 msgid "Below, we describe the I<perf_event_header> fields in more detail."
4575 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1281
4577 "The I<type> value is one of the below. The values in the corresponding "
4578 "record (that follows the header) depend on the I<type> selected as shown."
4582 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1282
4584 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
4588 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1289
4590 "The MMAP events record the B<PROT_EXEC> mappings so that we can correlate "
4591 "user-space IPs to code. They have the following structure:"
4595 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1300
4599 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4604 " char filename[];\n"
4609 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1302
4611 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
4615 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1305
4616 msgid "This record indicates when events are lost."
4620 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1313
4624 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4631 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1319
4632 msgid "is the unique event ID for the samples that were lost."
4636 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1319
4642 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1322
4644 #| msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
4645 msgid "is the number of events that were lost."
4646 msgstr "wake したプロセスの数を返す。"
4649 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1323
4651 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
4655 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1326
4656 msgid "This record indicates a change in the process name."
4660 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1334
4664 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4671 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1336
4673 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
4674 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
4677 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1339
4678 msgid "This record indicates a process exit event."
4682 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1348 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1376
4686 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4694 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1350
4696 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
4700 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1353
4701 msgid "This record indicates a throttle/unthrottle event."
4705 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1362
4709 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4717 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1364
4719 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
4720 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
4721 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
4724 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1367
4725 msgid "This record indicates a fork event."
4729 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1378
4731 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
4735 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1381
4736 msgid "This record indicates a read event."
4740 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1389
4744 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4746 " struct read_format values;\n"
4751 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1391
4753 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
4757 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1394
4758 msgid "This record indicates a sample."
4762 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1422
4766 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4767 " u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
4768 " u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
4769 " u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
4770 " u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
4771 " u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
4772 " u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
4773 " u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
4774 " u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
4775 " struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
4776 " u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
4777 " u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
4778 " u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
4779 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
4780 " u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
4781 " struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
4782 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
4783 " u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
4784 " u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
4785 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
4786 " u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
4787 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
4788 " u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
4793 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1424
4799 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1430
4801 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> is enabled, then a 64-bit instruction pointer value is "
4806 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1430
4808 msgid "I<pid>, I<tid>"
4812 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1436
4814 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID> is enabled, then a 32-bit process ID and 32-bit thread "
4819 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1436
4825 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1444
4827 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME> is enabled, then a 64-bit timestamp is included. "
4828 "This is obtained via local_clock() which is a hardware timestamp if "
4829 "available and the jiffies value if not."
4833 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1444
4839 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1451
4841 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR> is enabled, then a 64-bit address is included. This "
4842 "is usually the address of a tracepoint, breakpoint, or software event; "
4843 "otherwise the value is 0."
4847 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1459
4849 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. If the "
4850 "event is a member of an event group, the group leader ID is returned. This "
4851 "ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
4855 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1459
4857 msgid "I<stream_id>"
4861 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1469
4863 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
4864 "Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the actual ID is returned, not the group leader. "
4865 "This ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
4869 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1469
4871 msgid "I<cpu>, I<res>"
4875 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1476
4877 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU> is enabled, this is a 32-bit value indicating which "
4878 "CPU was being used, in addition to a reserved (unused) 32-bit value."
4882 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1476
4888 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1482
4890 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD> is enabled, a 64-bit value indicating the current "
4891 "sampling period is written."
4895 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1482
4901 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1493
4903 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ> is enabled, a structure of type read_format is "
4904 "included which has values for all events in the event group. The values "
4905 "included depend on the I<read_format> value used at B<perf_event_open>() "
4910 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1493
4912 msgid "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
4916 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1501
4918 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN> is enabled, then a 64-bit number is included "
4919 "which indicates how many following 64-bit instruction pointers will follow. "
4920 "This is the current callchain."
4924 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1501
4926 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
4930 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1508
4932 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW> is enabled, then a 32-bit value indicating size is "
4933 "included followed by an array of 8-bit values of length size. The values "
4934 "are padded with 0 to have 64-bit alignment."
4938 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1513
4940 "This RAW record data is opaque with respect to the ABI. The ABI doesn't "
4941 "make any promises with respect to the stability of its content, it may vary "
4942 "depending on event, hardware, and kernel version."
4946 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1513
4948 msgid "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
4952 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1524
4954 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then a 64-bit value indicating "
4955 "the number of records is included, followed by I<bnr> I<perf_branch_entry> "
4956 "structures. These structures have from, to, and flags values indicating the "
4957 "from and to addresses from the branches on the callstack."
4961 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1524
4963 msgid "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
4967 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1530
4968 msgid "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> is enabled, then [to be documented]."
4972 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1536
4974 "The I<abi> field is one of B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_NONE>, "
4975 "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_32> or B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_64>."
4979 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1536
4981 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
4985 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1542
4986 msgid "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is enabled, then [to be documented]."
4990 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1544
4996 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1549
4997 msgid "The I<misc> field contains additional information about the sample."
5001 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1554
5003 "The CPU mode can be determined from this value by masking with "
5004 "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_MASK> and looking for one of the following (note "
5005 "these are not bit masks, only one can be set at a time):"
5009 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1555
5011 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
5015 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1558
5016 msgid "Unknown CPU mode."
5020 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1558
5022 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
5026 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1561
5027 msgid "Sample happened in the kernel."
5031 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1561
5033 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
5037 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1564
5038 msgid "Sample happened in user code."
5042 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1564
5044 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
5048 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
5049 msgid "Sample happened in the hypervisor."
5053 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
5055 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL>"
5059 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1570
5060 msgid "Sample happened in the guest kernel."
5064 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1570
5066 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER>"
5070 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1573
5071 msgid "Sample happened in guest user code."
5075 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1576
5076 msgid "In addition, one of the following bits can be set:"
5080 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1577
5082 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
5086 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1585
5088 "This indicates that the content of B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> points to the actual "
5089 "instruction that triggered the event. See also I<perf_event_attr."
5094 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1585
5096 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED>"
5100 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1588
5101 msgid "This indicates there is extended data available (currently not used)."
5105 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1591
5106 msgid "This indicates the size of the record."
5110 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1592
5112 msgid "Signal overflow"
5116 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1601
5118 "Events can be set to deliver a signal when a threshold is crossed. The "
5119 "signal handler is set up using the B<poll>(2), B<select>(2), B<epoll>(2) "
5120 "and B<fcntl>(2), system calls."
5124 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1605
5126 "To generate signals, sampling must be enabled (I<sample_period> must have a "
5131 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1607
5132 msgid "There are two ways to generate signals."
5136 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1617
5138 "The first is to set a I<wakeup_events> or I<wakeup_watermark> value that "
5139 "will generate a signal if a certain number of samples or bytes have been "
5140 "written to the mmap ring buffer. In this case a signal of type B<POLL_IN> "
5145 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1629
5147 "The other way is by use of the B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH> ioctl. This ioctl "
5148 "adds to a counter that decrements each time the event overflows. When non-"
5149 "zero, a B<POLL_IN> signal is sent on overflow, but once the value reaches 0, "
5150 "a signal is sent of type B<POLL_HUP> and the underlying event is disabled."
5153 #. FIXME(Vince) : Find out when this was introduced
5155 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1635
5157 "Note: on newer kernels (definitely noticed with 3.2) a signal is provided "
5158 "for every overflow, even if I<wakeup_events> is not set."
5162 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1635
5164 msgid "rdpmc instruction"
5168 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1642
5170 "Starting with Linux 3.4 on x86, you can use the I<rdpmc> instruction to get "
5171 "low-latency reads without having to enter the kernel. Note that using "
5172 "I<rdpmc> is not necessarily faster than other methods for reading event "
5177 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1647
5179 "Support for this can be detected with the I<cap_usr_rdpmc> field in the mmap "
5180 "page; documentation on how to calculate event values can be found in that "
5185 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1647
5187 msgid "perf_event ioctl calls"
5191 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1652
5192 msgid "Various ioctls act on B<perf_event_open>() file descriptors"
5196 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1652
5198 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
5199 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5200 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
5203 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1656
5205 "Enables the individual event or event group specified by the file descriptor "
5210 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1658 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1671
5211 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1699
5212 msgid "The ioctl argument is ignored."
5216 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1658
5218 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
5219 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
5220 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
5223 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1662
5225 "Disables the individual counter or event group specified by the file "
5226 "descriptor argument."
5230 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1669
5232 "Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the entire "
5233 "group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the counters in "
5234 "the group will count. Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than "
5235 "the leader affects only that counter; disabling a non-leader stops that "
5236 "counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter."
5240 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1671
5242 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5243 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
5244 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5247 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1685
5249 "Non-inherited overflow counters can use this to enable a counter for a "
5250 "number of overflows specified by the argument, after which it is disabled. "
5251 "Subsequent calls of this ioctl add the argument value to the current count. "
5252 "A signal with B<POLL_IN> set will happen on each overflow until the count "
5253 "reaches 0; when that happens a signal with POLL_HUP set is sent and the "
5254 "event is disabled. Using an argument of 0 is considered undefined behavior."
5258 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1685
5260 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5261 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5262 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5265 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1697
5267 "Reset the event count specified by the file descriptor argumentto zero. "
5268 "This resets only the counts; there is no way to reset the multiplexing "
5269 "I<time_enabled> or I<time_running> values. When sent to a group leader, "
5270 "only the leader is reset (child events are not)."
5274 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1699
5276 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5277 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
5278 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5281 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1703
5283 "IOC_PERIOD is the command to update the period; it does not update the "
5284 "current period but instead defers until next."
5288 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1706
5290 "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit value containing the desired new "
5295 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1706
5297 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT>"
5301 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1711
5303 "This tells the kernel to report event notifications to the specified file "
5304 "descriptor rather than the default one. The file descriptors must all be on "
5309 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1714
5311 "The argument specifies the desired file descriptor, or -1 if output should "
5316 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1714
5318 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
5319 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
5320 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
5323 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1717
5324 msgid "This adds an ftrace filter to this event."
5328 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1719
5329 msgid "The argument is a pointer to the desired ftrace filter."
5333 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1719
5339 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1732
5341 "A process can enable or disable all the event groups that are attached to it "
5342 "using the B<prctl>(2) B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE> and "
5343 "B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE> operations. This applies to all counters on "
5344 "the current process, whether created by this process or by another, and does "
5345 "not affect any counters that this process has created on other processes. "
5346 "It enables or disables only the group leaders, not any other members in the "
5351 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1732
5353 msgid "perf_event related configuration files"
5357 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1735
5358 msgid "Files in I</proc/sys/kernel/>"
5362 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1736
5364 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid>"
5368 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1742
5370 "The I<perf_event_paranoid> file can be set to restrict access to the "
5371 "performance counters."
5375 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1744
5376 msgid "2 - only allow user-space measurements"
5380 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1746
5381 msgid "1 - (default) allow both kernel and user measurements"
5385 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1748
5386 msgid "0 - allow access to CPU-specific data but not raw tracepoint samples"
5390 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1750
5391 msgid "-1 - no restrictions"
5395 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1755
5397 "The existence of the I<perf_event_paranoid> file is the official method for "
5398 "determining if a kernel supports B<perf_event_open>()."
5402 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1755
5404 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate>"
5408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1764
5410 "This sets the maximum sample rate. Setting this too high can allow users to "
5411 "sample at a rate that impacts overall machine performance and potentially "
5412 "lock up the machine. The default value is 100000 (samples per second)."
5416 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1764
5418 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb>"
5422 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1769
5424 "Maximum number of pages an unprivileged user can mlock (2) . The default is "
5429 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1772
5430 msgid "Files in I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/>"
5434 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1778
5436 "Since Linux 2.6.34 the kernel supports having multiple PMUs available for "
5437 "monitoring. Information on how to program these PMUs can be found under I</"
5438 "sys/bus/event_source/devices/>. Each subdirectory corresponds to a "
5443 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1778
5445 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type>"
5449 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1783
5451 "This contains an integer that can be used in the I<type> field of "
5452 "perf_event_attr to indicate you wish to use this PMU."
5456 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1783
5458 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc>"
5462 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1786
5464 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/>"
5468 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1791
5470 "This sub-directory contains information on what bits in the I<config> field "
5471 "of perf_event_attr correspond to."
5475 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1791
5477 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/>"
5481 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1800
5483 "This sub-directory contains files with pre-defined events. The contents are "
5484 "strings describing the event settings expressed in terms of the fields found "
5485 "in the I<./format/> directory. These are not necessarily complete lists of "
5486 "all events supported by a PMU, but usually a subset of events deemed useful "
5491 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1800
5493 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
5497 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1810
5499 "B<perf_event_open>() returns the new file descriptor, or -1 if an error "
5500 "occurred (in which case, I<errno> is set appropriately)."
5504 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1814
5505 msgid "Returned if the specified event is not available."
5509 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1814
5515 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1824
5517 "Prior to Linux 3.3, if there was not enough room for the event, B<ENOSPC> "
5518 "was returned. Linus did not like this, and this was changed to B<EINVAL>. "
5519 "B<ENOSPC> is still returned if you try to read results into too small of a "
5524 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1824
5530 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1829
5532 "B<perf_event_open>() was introduced in Linux 2.6.31 but was called "
5533 "B<perf_counter_open>()B<.> It was renamed in Linux 2.6.32."
5537 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1834
5540 #| "B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
5541 #| "intended to be portable."
5543 "This B<perf_event_open>() system call Linux- specific and should not be "
5544 "used in programs intended to be portable."
5546 "B<personality>() は Linux 固有であり、移植を意図したプログラムで使用すべきで"
5550 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1838
5553 #| "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
5556 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
5557 "B<syscall>(2). See the example below."
5559 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 B<syscall>"
5563 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1844
5565 "The official way of knowing if B<perf_event_open>() support is enabled is "
5566 "checking for the existence of the file I</proc/sys/kernel/"
5567 "perf_event_paranoid>."
5571 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1844 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
5572 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1811
5578 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1851
5580 "The B<F_SETOWN_EX> option to B<fcntl>(2) is needed to properly get overflow "
5581 "signals in threads. This was introduced in Linux 2.6.32."
5585 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1859
5587 "Prior to Linux 2.6.33 (at least for x86) the kernel did not check if events "
5588 "could be scheduled together until read time. The same happens on all known "
5589 "kernels if the NMI watchdog is enabled. This means to see if a given set of "
5590 "events works you have to B<perf_event_open>(), start, then read before you "
5591 "know for sure you can get valid measurements."
5595 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1863
5597 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34 event constraints were not enforced by the kernel. In "
5598 "that case, some events would silently return \"0\" if the kernel scheduled "
5599 "them in an improper counter slot."
5603 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1866
5605 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34 there was a bug when multiplexing where the wrong "
5606 "results could be returned."
5610 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1869
5612 "Kernels from Linux 2.6.35 to Linux 2.6.39 can quickly crash the kernel if "
5613 "\"inherit\" is enabled and many threads are started."
5617 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1873
5619 "Prior to Linux 2.6.35, B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> did not work with attached "
5624 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1878
5626 "In older Linux 2.6 versions, refreshing an event group leader refreshed all "
5627 "siblings, and refreshing with a parameter of 0 enabled infinite refresh. "
5628 "This behavior is unsupported and should not be relied on."
5632 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1884
5634 "There is a bug in the kernel code between Linux 2.6.36 and Linux 3.0 that "
5635 "ignores the \"watermark\" field and acts as if a wakeup_event was chosen if "
5636 "the union has a non-zero value in it."
5640 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1889
5642 "Always double-check your results! Various generalized events have had wrong "
5643 "values. For example, retired branches measured the wrong thing on AMD "
5644 "machines until Linux 2.6.35."
5648 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1889 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
5649 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:223 build/C/man2/tee.2:130
5655 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1893
5657 "The following is a short example that measures the total instruction count "
5658 "of a call to B<printf>(3)."
5662 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1902
5665 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
5666 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
5667 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
5668 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
5669 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
5670 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
5671 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
5673 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
5674 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
5675 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
5676 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
5677 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
5678 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
5679 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
5682 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1908
5686 "perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
5687 " int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
5693 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1913
5696 " ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
5697 " group_fd, flags);\n"
5703 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1920
5707 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
5709 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
5710 " long long count;\n"
5714 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
5716 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
5717 " long long count;\n"
5721 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1928
5724 " memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
5725 " pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
5726 " pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
5727 " pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
5728 " pe.disabled = 1;\n"
5729 " pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
5730 " pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
5734 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1934
5737 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
5738 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
5739 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
5740 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
5743 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
5744 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
5745 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
5746 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
5750 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1937
5753 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
5754 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
5758 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1939
5760 msgid " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
5764 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1942
5767 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
5768 " read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
5772 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1944
5774 msgid " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
5778 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1947
5786 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1954
5787 msgid "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
5788 msgstr "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
5791 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
5797 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
5798 msgid "perfmonctl - interface to IA-64 performance monitoring unit"
5802 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:34
5805 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
5806 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
5808 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
5809 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
5812 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:36
5814 msgid "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
5815 msgstr "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
5818 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:47
5820 "The IA-64-specific B<perfmonctl>() system call provides an interface to the "
5821 "PMU (performance monitoring unit). The PMU consists of PMD (performance "
5822 "monitoring data) registers and PMC (performance monitoring control) "
5823 "registers, which gather hardware statistics."
5827 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:57
5829 "B<perfmonctl>() applies the operation I<cmd> to the input arguments "
5830 "specified by I<arg>. The number of arguments is defined by I<narg>. The "
5831 "I<fd> argument specifies the perfmon context to operate on."
5835 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
5836 msgid "Supported values for I<cmd> are:"
5840 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
5842 msgid "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
5843 msgstr "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
5846 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:65
5848 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT, pfarg_context_t *>I<ctxt>B<, 1);>\n"
5852 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:67
5853 msgid "Set up a context."
5857 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:74
5859 "The I<fd> parameter is ignored. A new perfmon context is created as "
5860 "specified in I<ctxt> and its file descriptor is returned in I<ctxt-"
5865 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:86
5867 "The file descriptor can be used in subsequent calls to B<perfmonctl>() and "
5868 "can be used to read event notifications (type I<pfm_msg_t>) using B<read>"
5869 "(2). The file descriptor is pollable using B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), and "
5874 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
5876 "The context can be destroyed by calling B<close>(2) on the file descriptor."
5880 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
5882 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
5886 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:95
5888 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
5892 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
5893 msgid "Set PMC registers."
5897 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
5899 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
5903 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:101
5905 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
5910 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
5911 msgid "Set PMD registers."
5915 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
5917 msgid "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
5921 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:109
5923 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
5927 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
5928 msgid "Read PMD registers."
5932 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
5934 msgid "B<PFM_START>"
5937 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_START, arg, 1);
5939 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:117
5941 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
5945 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
5946 msgid "Start monitoring."
5950 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
5956 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:124
5958 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
5962 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
5963 msgid "Stop monitoring."
5967 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
5969 msgid "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
5970 msgstr "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
5973 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:131
5975 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, 1);>\n"
5979 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
5980 msgid "Attach the context to a thread."
5984 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
5986 msgid "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
5990 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:138
5992 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
5996 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
5997 msgid "Detach the context from a thread."
6001 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
6003 msgid "B<PFM_RESTART>"
6007 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:145
6009 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
6013 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
6014 msgid "Restart monitoring after receiving an overflow notification."
6018 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
6020 msgid "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
6021 msgstr "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
6024 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:152
6026 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, 1);>\n"
6030 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:153
6032 msgid "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
6036 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:158
6038 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
6042 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
6043 msgid "If I<val> is nonzero, enable debugging mode, otherwise disable."
6047 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
6049 msgid "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
6053 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:167
6055 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, n);>\n"
6062 #. .B PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS
6063 #. create or modify event sets
6065 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
6068 #. .B PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS
6069 #. delete event sets
6071 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_DELETE_EVTSET, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
6074 #. .B PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS
6075 #. get information about event sets
6077 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS, pfarg_setinfo_t *info, n);
6080 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190
6081 msgid "Reset PMC registers to default values."
6085 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
6088 #| "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
6089 #| "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
6091 "B<performctl>() returns zero when the operation is successful. On error, "
6092 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the cause of the error."
6094 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
6095 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
6098 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199
6100 #| msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
6101 msgid "B<perfmonctl>() is available since Linux 2.4."
6102 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux 2.3.41 で導入された。"
6105 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202
6107 "B<perfmonctl>() is Linux specific and is available only on the IA-64 "
6112 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:207
6117 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
6118 msgid "The perfmon2 interface specification"
6122 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
6125 msgstr "PERSONALITY"
6128 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
6134 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35
6135 msgid "personality - set the process execution domain"
6136 msgstr "personality - プロセスを実行するドメインを設定する"
6139 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:37
6140 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
6141 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
6144 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39
6145 msgid "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
6146 msgstr "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
6149 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:47
6151 "Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each "
6152 "process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal "
6153 "numbers into signal actions. The execution domain system allows Linux to "
6154 "provide limited support for binaries compiled under other UNIX-like "
6155 "operating systems."
6157 "Linux は、プロセス毎の異なる実行ドメイン、すなわち パーソナリティ "
6158 "(personality) をサポートしている。 実行ドメインは Linux にシグナル番号にどの"
6159 "シグナルを割り付けるかを 教えたりする。また、実行ドメイン・システムにより、 "
6160 "Linux は他の UNIX 風のオペレーティング・システムでコンパイルされた バイナリに"
6161 "対する限定的なサポートを提供している。"
6164 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:57
6166 "This function will return the current B<personality>() when I<persona> "
6167 "equals 0xffffffff. Otherwise, it will make the execution domain referenced "
6168 "by I<persona> the new execution domain of the calling process."
6170 "B<personality ()> 関数は、 I<persona> が 0xffffffff の場合は現在の B<パーソナ"
6171 "リティ> を返す。 それ以外の場合、 I<persona> により参照される実行ドメイン"
6172 "を、 呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい実行ドメインとする。"
6175 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:64
6177 "On success, the previous I<persona> is returned. On error, -1 is returned, "
6178 "and I<errno> is set appropriately."
6180 "成功した場合、以前の I<persona> が返される。エラーの場合は、-1 が返され、 "
6181 "I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
6184 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:68
6185 msgid "The kernel was unable to change the personality."
6186 msgstr "カーネルがパーソナリティを変更できなかった。"
6189 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:72
6191 "B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
6192 "intended to be portable."
6194 "B<personality>() は Linux 固有であり、移植を意図したプログラムで使用すべきで"
6198 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
6204 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
6205 msgid "pivot_root - change the root file system"
6206 msgstr "pivot_root - root ファイルシステムを変更する"
6209 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:15
6211 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
6213 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
6217 #. capability is required.
6219 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:27
6221 "B<pivot_root>() moves the root file system of the calling process to the "
6222 "directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root file system of the "
6225 "B<pivot_root>() は呼び出し元のプロセスの root ファイルシステムを I<put_old> "
6226 "ディレクトリに移動し、 I<new_root> を呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい root ファイ"
6230 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:34
6232 "The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
6233 "system mounts a temporary root file system (e.g., an B<initrd>), then mounts "
6234 "the real root file system, and eventually turns the latter into the current "
6235 "root of all relevant processes or threads."
6237 "B<pivot_root>() の典型的な利用法は、システムの起動中にシステムが一時的な "
6238 "root ファイルシステム (例えば B<initrd>) をマウントし、これに続いて本当の "
6239 "root ファイルシステムをマウントし、 後者を必要な全てのプロセス・スレッドの カ"
6240 "レント root に変更するような場合である。"
6243 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:46
6245 "B<pivot_root>() may or may not change the current root and the current "
6246 "working directory of any processes or threads which use the old root "
6247 "directory. The caller of B<pivot_root>() must ensure that processes with "
6248 "root or current working directory at the old root operate correctly in "
6249 "either case. An easy way to ensure this is to change their root and current "
6250 "working directory to I<new_root> before invoking B<pivot_root>()."
6252 "古い root ディレクトリを使っていた全てのプロセスやスレッドの カレント root と"
6253 "カレントワーキングディレクトリを、 B<pivot_root>() が変更するかどうかはわか"
6254 "らない。 B<pivot_root>() の呼びだしプロセスは、古い root やカレントワーキン"
6255 "グディレクトリを使っていた プロセスが、いずれの場合でも正しく動作することを保"
6256 "証しなければならない。 これを簡単に行うには、それらのプロセスの root と カレ"
6257 "ントワーキングディレクトリを B<pivot_root>() を呼び出す前に I<new_root> に変"
6261 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:64
6263 "The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
6264 "B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
6265 "B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each process "
6266 "or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root directory. This is "
6267 "necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from keeping the old root "
6268 "directory busy with their root and current working directory, even if they "
6269 "never access the file system in any way. In the future, there may be a "
6270 "mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly relinquish any access to the file "
6271 "system, such that this fairly intrusive mechanism can be removed from "
6274 "上記の段落は、将来 B<pivot_root>() が変更されるかも知れないことを鑑みて、わ"
6275 "ざと曖昧に書いてある。 本ページを記述している時点では、 B<pivot_root>() は古"
6276 "い root ディレクトリを用いている全てのプロセス・スレッドの root と カレント"
6277 "ワーキングディレクトリを I<new_root> に変更する。これはカーネルのスレッドが古"
6278 "い root ディレクトリを busy 状態にしないために必要である。これらのスレッドが "
6279 "古いディレクトリを root やカレントワーキングディレクトリとしていると、 ファイ"
6280 "ルシステムに一切アクセスしない場合でも 古い root が busy になってしまうからで"
6281 "ある。 将来は、カーネルスレッドがあらゆるファイルシステムへのアクセスを 明示"
6282 "的に放棄するメカニズムができ、このでしゃばりな機能は B<pivot_root>() から削"
6286 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:72
6288 "Note that this also applies to the calling process: B<pivot_root>() may or "
6289 "may not affect its current working directory. It is therefore recommended "
6290 "to call B<chdir(\"/\")> immediately after B<pivot_root>()."
6292 "これは呼び出し元のプロセスについても当てはまることに注意。 B<pivot_root>() "
6293 "がカレントプロセスのカレントワーキングディレクトリに影響するかどうかは 分から"
6294 "ない。したがって B<pivot_root>() の直後に B<chdir(\"/\")> を呼び出すとよい。"
6297 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74
6298 msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
6299 msgstr "I<new_root> および I<put_old> には以下の制限がある:"
6302 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
6303 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
6309 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
6310 msgid "They must be directories."
6311 msgstr "ディレクトリでなければならない。"
6314 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79
6316 "I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same file system as the "
6319 "I<new_root> と I<put_old> は現在の root と同じファイルシステムにあってはなら"
6323 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
6325 "I<put_old> must be underneath I<new_root>, that is, adding a nonzero number "
6326 "of I</..> to the string pointed to by I<put_old> must yield the same "
6327 "directory as I<new_root>."
6329 "I<put_old> は I<new_root> 以下になければならない。すなわち I<put_old> を差す"
6330 "文字列に 1 個以上の I<../> を付けることによって I<new_root> と同じディレクト"
6334 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:85
6335 msgid "No other file system may be mounted on I<put_old>."
6336 msgstr "他のファイルシステムが I<put_old> にマウントされていてはならない。"
6339 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:89
6340 msgid "See also B<pivot_root>(8) for additional usage examples."
6341 msgstr "利用例については B<pivot_root>(8) を参照のこと。"
6344 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:96
6346 "If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
6347 "B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the mount "
6348 "point of that file system is mounted on I<put_old>."
6350 "現在の root がマウントポイントではない (B<chroot>(2) や B<pivot_root>() の"
6351 "後など。以下も参照) 場合、 古い root ディレクトリではなく、 そのファイルシス"
6352 "テムのマウントポイントが I<put_old> にマウントされる。"
6355 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101
6357 "I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, I</proc/"
6358 "mounts> will show the mount point of the file system containing I<new_root> "
6361 "I<new_root> はマウントポイントでなくてもよい。 この場合 I</proc/mounts> は、 "
6362 "I<new_root> を root (I</>) とするファイルシステムのマウントポイントを表示す"
6366 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
6368 "B<pivot_root>() may return (in I<errno>) any of the errors returned by "
6369 "B<stat>(2). Additionally, it may return:"
6371 "B<pivot_root>() は B<stat>(2) の返すあらゆるエラーを (I<errno> に) 返す可能"
6372 "性がある。さらに以下を返すことがある:"
6375 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
6377 "I<new_root> or I<put_old> are on the current root file system, or a file "
6378 "system is already mounted on I<put_old>."
6380 "I<new_root> または I<put_old> が、現在の root ファイルシステム上にあるか、既"
6381 "に I<put_old> になんらかのファイルシステムがマウントされている。"
6384 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
6385 msgid "I<put_old> is not underneath I<new_root>."
6386 msgstr "I<put_old> が I<new_root> の下層にない。"
6389 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
6395 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
6396 msgid "I<new_root> or I<put_old> is not a directory."
6397 msgstr "I<new_root> または I<put_old> がディレクトリでない。"
6400 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
6401 msgid "The calling process does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
6402 msgstr "呼び出し元のプロセスが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
6405 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128
6406 msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
6407 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux 2.3.41 で導入された。"
6410 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
6411 msgid "B<pivot_root>() is Linux-specific and hence is not portable."
6412 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux に固有のものなので、移植性はない。"
6415 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:138
6417 "B<pivot_root>() should not have to change root and current working "
6418 "directory of all other processes in the system."
6420 "B<pivot_root>() はシステムの他のプロセス全ての root と カレントワーキング"
6421 "ディレクトリとを変更しなくてもよいはずである。"
6424 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
6426 "Some of the more obscure uses of B<pivot_root>() may quickly lead to "
6429 "B<pivot_root>() の使い方がもうちょっと曖昧になると、 あっという間にわけのわ"
6433 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
6434 msgid "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
6435 msgstr "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
6438 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
6440 msgid "PROCESS_VM_READV"
6444 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
6450 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32
6452 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - transfer data between process address "
6457 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:35
6459 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
6460 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
6463 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:42
6466 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
6467 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
6468 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
6469 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
6470 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
6471 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
6475 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:49
6478 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
6479 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
6480 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
6481 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
6482 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
6483 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
6487 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:57
6489 "These system calls transfer data between the address space of the calling "
6490 "process (\"the local process\") and the process identified by I<pid> (\"the "
6491 "remote process\"). The data moves directly between the address spaces of "
6492 "the two processes, without passing through kernel space."
6496 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:82
6498 "The B<process_vm_readv>() system call transfers data from the remote "
6499 "process to the local process. The data to be transferred is identified by "
6500 "I<remote_iov> and I<riovcnt>: I<remote_iov> is a pointer to an array "
6501 "describing address ranges in the process I<pid>, and I<riovcnt> specifies "
6502 "the number of elements in I<remote_iov>. The data is transferred to the "
6503 "locations specified by I<local_iov> and I<liovcnt>: I<local_iov> is a "
6504 "pointer to an array describing address ranges in the calling process, and "
6505 "I<liovcnt> specifies the number of elements in I<local_iov>."
6509 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:96
6511 "The B<process_vm_writev>() system call is the converse of "
6512 "B<process_vm_readv>()\\(emit transfers data from the local process to the "
6513 "remote process. Other than the direction of the transfer, the arguments "
6514 "I<liovcnt>, I<local_iov>, I<riovcnt>, and I<remote_iov> have the same "
6515 "meaning as for B<process_vm_readv>()."
6519 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:106
6521 "The I<local_iov> and I<remote_iov> arguments point to an array of I<iovec> "
6522 "structures, defined in I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> as:"
6524 "引き数 I<local_iov> と I<remote_iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列へのポイン\n"
6525 "タである。 I<iovec> 構造体は I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義\n"
6529 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:113
6533 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
6534 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
6538 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
6539 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
6543 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:129
6545 "Buffers are processed in array order. This means that B<process_vm_readv>"
6546 "() completely fills I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, "
6547 "and so on. Likewise, I<remote_iov[0]> is completely read before proceeding "
6548 "to I<remote_iov[1]>, and so on."
6550 "バッファは配列の順序で処理される。これは、 B<process_vm_readv>() が\n"
6551 "I<local_iov>[0] が完全に一杯になるまでデータを詰めてから、\n"
6552 "I<local_iov>[1] に進むといったことを意味する。同様に、\n"
6553 "I<remote_iov>[0] を完全に読み出してから I<remote_iov>[1] に進み、\n"
6557 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:140
6559 "Similarly, B<process_vm_writev>() writes out the entire contents of "
6560 "I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and it completely "
6561 "fills I<remote_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>."
6565 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:148
6567 "The lengths of I<remote_iov[i].iov_len> and I<local_iov[i].iov_len> do not "
6568 "have to be the same. Thus, it is possible to split a single local buffer "
6569 "into multiple remote buffers, or vice versa."
6573 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:152
6574 msgid "The I<flags> argument is currently unused and must be set to 0."
6575 msgstr "I<flags> 引き数は現在使用されておらず、 0 を設定しなければならない。"
6577 #. In time, glibc might provide a wrapper that works around this limit,
6578 #. as is done for readv()/writev()
6580 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:165
6582 "The values specified in the I<liovcnt> and I<riovcnt> arguments must be less "
6583 "than or equal to B<IOV_MAX> (defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> or accessible "
6584 "via the call I<sysconf(_SC_IOV_MAX)>)."
6588 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:175
6590 "The count arguments and I<local_iov> are checked before doing any "
6591 "transfers. If the counts are too big, or I<local_iov> is invalid, or the "
6592 "addresses refer to regions that are inaccessible to the local process, none "
6593 "of the vectors will be processed and an error will be returned immediately."
6597 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:195
6599 "Note, however, that these system calls do not check the memory regions in "
6600 "the remote process until just before doing the read/write. Consequently, a "
6601 "partial read/write (see RETURN VALUE) may result if one of the "
6602 "I<remote_iov> elements points to an invalid memory region in the remote "
6603 "process. No further reads/writes will be attempted beyond that point. Keep "
6604 "this in mind when attempting to read data of unknown length (such as C "
6605 "strings that are null-terminated) from a remote process, by avoiding "
6606 "spanning memory pages (typically 4KiB) in a single remote I<iovec> element. "
6607 "(Instead, split the remote read into two I<remote_iov> elements and have "
6608 "them merge back into a single write I<local_iov> entry. The first read "
6609 "entry goes up to the page boundary, while the second starts on the next page "
6614 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:209
6616 "In order to read from or write to another process, either the caller must "
6617 "have the capability B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>, or the real user ID, effective user "
6618 "ID, and saved set-user-ID of the remote process must match the real user ID "
6619 "of the caller I<and> the real group ID, effective group ID, and saved set-"
6620 "group-ID of the remote process must match the real group ID of the caller. "
6621 "(The permission required is exactly the same as that required to perform a "
6622 "B<ptrace>(2) B<PTRACE_ATTACH> on the remote process.)"
6626 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
6628 "On success, B<process_vm_readv>() returns the number of bytes read and "
6629 "B<process_vm_writev>() returns the number of bytes written. This return "
6630 "value may be less than the total number of requested bytes, if a partial "
6631 "read/write occurred. (Partial transfers apply at the granularity of "
6632 "I<iovec> elements. These system calls won't perform a partial transfer that "
6633 "splits a single I<iovec> element.) The caller should check the return value "
6634 "to determine whether a partial read/write occurred."
6638 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:229
6639 msgid "On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set appropriately."
6640 msgstr "エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
6643 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
6645 "The sum of the I<iov_len> values of either I<local_iov> or I<remote_iov> "
6646 "overflows a I<ssize_t> value."
6650 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
6651 msgid "I<flags> is not 0."
6652 msgstr "I<flags> が 0 でない。"
6655 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:251
6656 msgid "I<liovcnt> or I<riovcnt> is too large."
6657 msgstr "I<liovcnt> か I<riovcnt> が大きすぎる。"
6660 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:256
6662 "The memory described by I<local_iov> is outside the caller's accessible "
6665 "I<local_iov> が示すメモリが呼び出し側がアクセス可能な\n"
6669 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:262
6671 "The memory described by I<remote_iov> is outside the accessible address "
6672 "space of the process I<pid>."
6676 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267
6678 "Could not allocate memory for internal copies of the I<iovec> structures."
6682 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:271
6684 "The caller does not have permission to access the address space of the "
6687 "呼び出し側がプロセス I<pid> のアドレス空間に対するアクセス許可を\n"
6691 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:276
6692 msgid "No process with ID I<pid> exists."
6693 msgstr "ID が I<pid> のプロセスが存在しない。"
6696 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279
6698 "These system calls were added in Linux 3.2. Support is provided in glibc "
6699 "since version 2.15."
6701 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 3.2 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
6702 "サポートは glibc バージョン 2.15 以降で提供されている。"
6705 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:281
6706 msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
6707 msgstr "これらのシステムコールは非標準で Linux による拡張である。"
6710 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287
6712 "The data transfers performed by B<process_vm_readv>() and "
6713 "B<process_vm_writev>() are not guaranteed to be atomic in any way."
6716 #. Original user is MPI, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpi/
6717 #. See also some benchmarks at http://lwn.net/Articles/405284/
6718 #. and http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=130105930902915&w=2
6720 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
6722 "These system calls were designed to permit fast message passing by allowing "
6723 "messages to be exchanged with a single copy operation (rather than the "
6724 "double copy that would be required when using, for example, shared memory or "
6729 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:303
6731 "The following code sample demonstrates the use of B<process_vm_readv>(). It "
6732 "reads 20 bytes at the address 0x10000 from the process with PID 10 and "
6733 "writes the first 10 bytes into I<buf1> and the second 10 bytes into I<buf2>."
6737 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:306
6739 msgid "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
6740 msgstr "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
6743 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:316
6749 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
6750 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
6754 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
6759 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
6760 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
6764 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
6767 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:323
6770 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
6771 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
6772 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
6773 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
6774 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
6775 " remote[1].iov_len = 20;\n"
6777 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
6778 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
6779 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
6780 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
6781 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
6782 " remote[1].iov_len = 20;\n"
6785 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:330
6788 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
6789 " if (nread != 20)\n"
6795 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
6796 " if (nread != 20)\n"
6803 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:334
6804 msgid "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
6805 msgstr "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
6808 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
6814 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
6820 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
6821 msgid "ptrace - process trace"
6822 msgstr "ptrace - プロセスのトレース"
6825 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:50
6827 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
6828 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
6831 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:53
6834 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
6835 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
6837 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
6838 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
6841 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:62
6844 #| "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which a parent process "
6845 #| "may observe and control the execution of another process, and examine and "
6846 #| "change its core image and registers. It is primarily used to implement "
6847 #| "breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
6849 "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which one process (the "
6850 "\"tracer\") may observe and control the execution of another process (the "
6851 "\"tracee\"), and examine and change the tracee's memory and registers. It "
6852 "is primarily used to implement breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
6854 "B<ptrace>() システムコールは、親プロセスが、別のプロセスの実行の監視/制御を "
6855 "行ったり、コアイメージ (core image) やレジスタの調査/変更を 行ったりする手段"
6856 "を提供する。 B<ptrace>() は、主にブレークポイントによるデバッグやシステム"
6857 "コールのトレースを 実装するのに用いられる。"
6860 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:73
6862 "A tracee first needs to be attached to the tracer. Attachment and "
6863 "subsequent commands are per thread: in a multithreaded process, every thread "
6864 "can be individually attached to a (potentially different) tracer, or left "
6865 "not attached and thus not debugged. Therefore, \"tracee\" always means "
6866 "\"(one) thread\", never \"a (possibly multithreaded) process\". Ptrace "
6867 "commands are always sent to a specific tracee using a call of the form"
6871 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:75
6873 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
6877 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:79
6878 msgid "where I<pid> is the thread ID of the corresponding Linux thread."
6882 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:85
6884 "(Note that in this page, a \"multithreaded process\" means a thread group "
6885 "consisting of threads created using the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_THREAD> flag.)"
6889 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:96
6892 #| "The parent can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
6893 #| "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an B<exec>"
6894 #| "(3). Alternatively, the parent may commence trace of an existing process "
6895 #| "using B<PTRACE_ATTACH>."
6897 "A process can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
6898 "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an B<execve>"
6899 "(2). Alternatively, one process may commence tracing another process using "
6900 "B<PTRACE_ATTACH> or B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
6902 "トレースを開始するには、まず親プロセスで B<fork>(2) を呼び出す。生成された子"
6903 "プロセスで B<PTRACE_TRACEME> を行い、続いて (典型的には) B<exec>(3) を行な"
6904 "う。 別の方法としては、 親プロセスが既存のプロセスに対して B<PTRACE_ATTACH> "
6908 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:113
6911 #| "While being traced, the child will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
6912 #| "even if the signal is being ignored. (The exception is B<SIGKILL>, which "
6913 #| "has its usual effect.) The parent will be notified at its next B<wait>"
6914 #| "(2) and may inspect and modify the child process while it is stopped. "
6915 #| "The parent then causes the child to continue, optionally ignoring the "
6916 #| "delivered signal (or even delivering a different signal instead)."
6918 "While being traced, the tracee will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
6919 "even if the signal is being ignored. (An exception is B<SIGKILL>, which has "
6920 "its usual effect.) The tracer will be notified at its next call to "
6921 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the related \"wait\" system calls); that call will "
6922 "return a I<status> value containing information that indicates the cause of "
6923 "the stop in the tracee. While the tracee is stopped, the tracer can use "
6924 "various ptrace requests to inspect and modify the tracee. The tracer then "
6925 "causes the tracee to continue, optionally ignoring the delivered signal (or "
6926 "even delivering a different signal instead)."
6928 "トレースの実行中、子プロセスはシグナルが配送されるたびに、 たとえそのシグナル"
6929 "が無視すべきものであっても停止する (B<SIGKILL> は例外で、通常どおりの効果をも"
6930 "たらす)。 親プロセスには次の B<wait>(2) で通知され、停止している間に子プロセ"
6931 "スを調べたり修正したりすることができる。 そして親プロセスは子プロセスの実行を"
6932 "再開させるが、配送された シグナルを無視することもできる (あるいは代わりに別の"
6933 "シグナルを 配送することもできる) 。"
6936 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:123
6938 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is not in effect, all successful calls "
6939 "to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause it to be sent a B<SIGTRAP> "
6940 "signal, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program "
6945 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:127
6948 #| "When the parent is finished tracing, it can terminate the child with "
6949 #| "B<PTRACE_KILL> or cause it to continue executing in a normal, untraced "
6950 #| "mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
6952 "When the tracer is finished tracing, it can cause the tracee to continue "
6953 "executing in a normal, untraced mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
6955 "親プロセスがトレースを終了する際には、 B<PTRACE_KILL> を使用して子プロセスを"
6956 "終了させることもできるし、 B<PTRACE_DETACH> を用いて通常のトレースなしのモー"
6957 "ドにして、 実行を継続させることもできる。"
6960 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
6961 msgid "The value of I<request> determines the action to be performed:"
6962 msgstr "I<request> の値がこのシステムコールの動作を決定する:"
6965 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
6967 msgid "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
6968 msgstr "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
6971 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:141
6973 "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. A process "
6974 "probably shouldn't make this request if its parent isn't expecting to trace "
6975 "it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
6976 msgstr "このプロセスが親プロセスによってトレースされることを表す。親プロセスが自プロセスをトレースするつもりがない場合には、 おそらくこのプロセスは本要求を行うべきではないだろう。 (I<pid>, I<addr>, I<data> は無視される。)"
6979 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
6982 #| "The above request is used only by the child process; the rest are used "
6983 #| "only by the parent. In the following requests, I<pid> specifies the "
6984 #| "child process to be acted on. For requests other than B<PTRACE_KILL>, "
6985 #| "the child process must be stopped."
6987 "The B<PTRACE_TRACEME> request is used only by the tracee; the remaining "
6988 "requests are used only by the tracer. In the following requests, I<pid> "
6989 "specifies the thread ID of the tracee to be acted on. For requests other "
6990 "than B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
6991 "B<PTRACE_KILL>, the tracee must be stopped."
6993 "上記の要求は子プロセスだけが行なうものである。 残りは親プロセスだけが行なうも"
6994 "のである。 以下の要求では、I<pid> で操作の対象となる 子プロセスを指定する。 "
6995 "B<PTRACE_KILL> を除き、要求を行なうためには 子プロセスは停止していなければな"
6999 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
7001 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
7002 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
7005 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
7008 #| "Reads a word at the location I<addr> in the child's memory, returning the "
7009 #| "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have "
7010 #| "separate text and data address spaces, so the two requests are currently "
7011 #| "equivalent. (The argument I<data> is ignored.)"
7013 "Read a word at the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory, returning the "
7014 "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have separate "
7015 "text and data address spaces, so these two requests are currently "
7016 "equivalent. (I<data> is ignored.)"
7018 "子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み出す。読み出したワード"
7019 "は B<ptrace>() の返り値として返される。 Linux ではテキスト (text) とデータ "
7020 "(data) で 同じアドレス空間を使用するため、この 2 つの要求は現在のところ 同じ"
7021 "ものである。 (引き数 I<data> は無視される。)"
7024 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
7026 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
7027 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
7029 #. PTRACE_PEEKUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
7030 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
7032 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
7035 #| "Reads a word at offset I<addr> in the child's USER area, which holds the "
7036 #| "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
7037 #| "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
7038 #| "Typically the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
7039 #| "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
7041 "Read a word at offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area, which holds the "
7042 "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
7043 "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
7044 "Typically, the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
7045 "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
7047 "子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み込む。"
7048 "USER 領域にはそのプロセスの レジスタ (registers) などの情報が保持されている "
7049 "(I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照)。読み込んだワードは B<ptrace>() コールの結"
7050 "果として返される。 たいていはオフセットはワード境界になければならないが、 "
7051 "アーキテクチャによってはその必要はない。 「注意」の節を参照。 (I<data> は無視"
7055 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
7057 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
7058 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
7061 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
7064 #| "Copies the word I<data> to location I<addr> in the child's memory. As "
7065 #| "above, the two requests are currently equivalent."
7067 "Copy the word I<data> to the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory. As for "
7068 "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT> and B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, these two requests are currently "
7071 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置へコピーする。上と同様"
7072 "に、現在のところ二つの 要求は同じものである。"
7075 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
7077 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
7078 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
7080 #. PTRACE_POKEUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_POKEUSER,
7081 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
7082 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
7083 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
7085 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
7088 #| "Copies the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the child's USER area. As "
7089 #| "above, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to maintain "
7090 #| "the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area are "
7093 "Copy the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area. As for "
7094 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to "
7095 "maintain the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area "
7098 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置にコピーす"
7099 "る。 上と同様に、通常、オフセットはワード境界になければならない。 カーネルの"
7100 "完全性 (integrity) を維持するため、 変更内容によっては USER 領域の変更は禁止"
7104 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
7106 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
7107 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
7110 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
7113 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
7114 #| "respectively, to location I<data> in the parent. See I<E<lt>sys/user."
7115 #| "hE<gt>> for information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7117 "Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
7118 "to the address I<data> in the tracer. See I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> for "
7119 "information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that "
7120 "SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, "
7121 "I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied to the address I<addr>. "
7122 "B<PTRACE_GETREGS> and B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS> are not present on all "
7125 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタを親プロセスの I<data> "
7126 "の位置にコピーする。この data の書式に関しては I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照"
7127 "すること。(I<addr> は無視される。)"
7130 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
7132 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7133 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
7134 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7137 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
7139 "Read the tracee's registers. I<addr> specifies, in an architecture-"
7140 "dependent way, the type of registers to be read. B<NT_PRSTATUS> (with "
7141 "numerical value 1) usually results in reading of general-purpose "
7142 "registers. If the CPU has, for example, floating-point and/or vector "
7143 "registers, they can be retrieved by setting I<addr> to the corresponding "
7144 "B<NT_foo> constant. I<data> points to a B<struct iovec>, which describes "
7145 "the destination buffer's location and length. On return, the kernel "
7146 "modifies B<iov.len> to indicate the actual number of bytes returned."
7150 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
7152 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
7153 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
7156 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:269
7159 #| "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copies a "
7160 #| "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the child to location "
7161 #| "I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7163 "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copy a "
7164 "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the tracee to the address "
7165 "I<data> in the tracer. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7167 "停止の原因となったシグナルに関する情報を取得する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体 "
7168 "(B<sigaction>(2) 参照) を子プロセスから親プロセスの I<data> の位置にコピーす"
7169 "る。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7172 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:269
7174 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
7175 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
7177 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
7178 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
7180 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:294
7183 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
7184 #| "respectively, from location I<data> in the parent. As for "
7185 #| "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general purpose register modifications may be "
7186 #| "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7188 "Modify the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, "
7189 "respectively, from the address I<data> in the tracer. As for "
7190 "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general-purpose register modifications may be "
7191 "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that SPARC systems have the meaning "
7192 "of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, I<data> is ignored and the "
7193 "registers are copied from the address I<addr>. B<PTRACE_SETREGS> and "
7194 "B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS> are not present on all architectures."
7196 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタに 親プロセスの "
7197 "I<date> の位置からコピーする。 B<PTRACE_POKEUSER> と同様に、汎用レジスタに"
7198 "よっては 変更が禁止されている場合がある。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7201 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:294
7203 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7204 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
7205 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7208 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
7210 "Modify the tracee's registers. The meaning of I<addr> and I<data> is "
7211 "analogous to B<PTRACE_GETREGSET>."
7215 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
7217 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
7218 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
7221 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
7224 #| "Set signal information. Copies a I<siginfo_t> structure from location "
7225 #| "I<data> in the parent to the child. This will only affect signals that "
7226 #| "would normally be delivered to the child and were caught by the tracer. "
7227 #| "It may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
7228 #| "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7230 "Set signal information: copy a I<siginfo_t> structure from the address "
7231 "I<data> in the tracer to the tracee. This will affect only signals that "
7232 "would normally be delivered to the tracee and were caught by the tracer. It "
7233 "may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
7234 "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7236 "シグナル情報を設定する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体を親プロセスのデータ I<data> の位"
7237 "置から 子プロセスにコピーする。 この処理を行うことができるのは、子プロセスに"
7238 "通常は配送されるはずで トレーサに捕捉されたシグナルについてだけである。 これ"
7239 "らの通常のシグナルと B<ptrace>() 自身が発生するシグナルを見分けるのは難しい"
7240 "かもしれない。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7243 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
7245 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
7246 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (Linux 2.4.6 以降; バグの章にある警告も参照)"
7249 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:328
7252 #| "Sets ptrace options from I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.) "
7253 #| "I<data> is interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by "
7254 #| "the following flags:"
7256 "Set ptrace options from I<data>. (I<addr> is ignored.) I<data> is "
7257 "interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by the following "
7260 "親プロセスの I<data> に基づいて ptrace のオプションを設定する (I<addr> は無視"
7261 "される)。 I<data> はオプションのビットマスクとして解釈され、 オプションには以"
7265 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:329
7267 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
7268 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
7269 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
7271 #. commit 992fb6e170639b0849bace8e49bf31bd37c4123
7273 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:337
7275 "If a tracer sets this flag, a B<SIGKILL> signal will be sent to every tracee "
7276 "if the tracer exits. This option is useful for ptrace jailers that want to "
7277 "ensure that tracees can never escape the tracer's control."
7281 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:337
7283 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7284 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7287 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:349
7290 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
7291 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
7292 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
7293 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7295 "Stop the tracee at the next B<clone>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
7296 "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
7297 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
7299 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
7300 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
7301 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
7302 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
7305 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:352
7307 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7311 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:356 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:437
7312 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:465
7313 msgid "The PID of the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7317 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:377
7320 #| "Stop the child at the next B<clone>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
7321 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
7322 #| "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
7323 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This option "
7324 #| "may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the child calls "
7325 #| "B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will be "
7326 #| "delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
7327 #| "child calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
7328 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
7330 "This option may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the tracee "
7331 "calls B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will "
7332 "be delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
7333 "tracee calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
7334 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
7336 "次の B<clone>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt> "
7337 "\\8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに clone で作成されたプロセスのト"
7338 "レースを自動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセ"
7339 "スの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。 このオプションで全ての "
7340 "B<clone>(2) コールを捕まえられるわけではない。 子プロセスが B<CLONE_VFORK> "
7341 "フラグ付きで B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合、 B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> が設定さ"
7342 "れていれば代わりに B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> が配送される。 また、子プロセスが終"
7343 "了シグナルを B<SIGCHLD> に設定して B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合は、 "
7344 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> が設定されていれば B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> が配送される。"
7347 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:377
7349 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7350 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7353 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:386
7355 "Stop the tracee at the next B<execve>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer "
7356 "will return a I<status> value such that"
7360 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:389
7362 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7366 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:395
7368 "If the execing thread is not a thread group leader, the thread ID is reset "
7369 "to thread group leader's ID before this stop. Since Linux 3.0, the former "
7370 "thread ID can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7374 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:395
7376 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
7377 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
7380 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:403
7382 "Stop the tracee at exit. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a "
7383 "I<status> value such that"
7387 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:406
7389 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7393 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:410
7394 msgid "The tracee's exit status can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7398 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:418
7401 #| "Stop the child at exit with I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
7402 #| "8>. The child's exit status can be retrieved with "
7403 #| "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This stop will be done early during process exit "
7404 #| "when registers are still available, allowing the tracer to see where the "
7405 #| "exit occurred, whereas the normal exit notification is done after the "
7406 #| "process is finished exiting. Even though context is available, the "
7407 #| "tracer cannot prevent the exit from happening at this point."
7409 "The tracee is stopped early during process exit, when registers are still "
7410 "available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred, whereas the "
7411 "normal exit notification is done after the process is finished exiting. "
7412 "Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from "
7413 "happening at this point."
7415 "終了 (exit) 時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセス"
7416 "の動作を停止させる。子プロセスの終了ステータスは B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得"
7417 "できる。 この停止はレジスタがまだ参照可能であるプロセス終了処理の初期に行わ"
7418 "れ、 トレーサはどこで終了が発生したかを知ることができる。 通常の終了通知 "
7419 "(exit notification) はプロセスの終了処理が完了した後に 行われる。コンテキスト"
7420 "を参照することはできるにも関わらず、 トレーサはこの時点から終了を止めることは"
7424 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:418
7426 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7427 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7430 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:430
7433 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
7434 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
7435 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
7436 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7438 "Stop the tracee at the next B<fork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
7439 "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
7440 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
7442 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
7443 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
7444 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
7445 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
7448 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:433
7450 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7454 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:437
7456 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (since Linux 2.4.6)"
7457 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (Linux 2.4.6 以降)"
7460 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:446
7463 #| "When delivering syscall traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
7464 #| "deliver I<SIGTRAP | 0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to tell "
7465 #| "the difference between normal traps and those caused by a syscall. "
7466 #| "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> may not work on all architectures.)"
7468 "When delivering system call traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
7469 "deliver I<SIGTRAP|0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to distinguish "
7470 "normal traps from those caused by a system call. (B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
7471 "may not work on all architectures.)"
7473 "システムコールのトラップが配送されたときに、シグナル番号のビット 7 を設定す"
7474 "る (すなわち、I<SIGTRAP | 0x80> を配送する)。 これにより、トレーサが通常のト"
7475 "ラップとシステムコールによるトラップを 区別しやすくなる。 "
7476 "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> はどのアーキテクチャでも動作しない可能性がある。)"
7479 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:446
7481 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7482 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7485 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:458
7488 #| "Stop the child at the next B<vfork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
7489 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
7490 #| "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
7491 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7493 "Stop the tracee at the next B<vfork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
7494 "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
7495 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
7497 "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
7498 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに vfork されたプロセスのトレースを自"
7499 "動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
7500 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
7503 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:461
7505 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7509 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:465
7511 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
7512 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
7515 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:474
7517 "Stop the tracee at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) "
7518 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
7522 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:477
7524 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7528 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:481
7530 "The PID of the new process can (since Linux 2.6.18) be retrieved with "
7531 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7535 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:482
7537 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7538 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7541 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:502
7544 #| "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
7545 #| "just happened, placing it in the location I<data> in the parent. For "
7546 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> this is the child's exit status. For "
7547 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> and B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> "
7548 #| "this is the PID of the new process. Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the "
7549 #| "new process is also available for B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>. (I<addr> "
7552 "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
7553 "just happened, placing it at the address I<data> in the tracer. For "
7554 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>, this is the tracee's exit status. For "
7555 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>, and "
7556 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>, this is the PID of the new process. (I<addr> is "
7559 "発生したばかりの ptrace イベントに関するメッセージを (I<unsigned long> 型で) "
7560 "取得する。 取得したメッセージは親プロセスの I<data> の位置に格納される。 得ら"
7561 "れる内容は、 B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> の場合は子プロセスの終了ステータスであり、 "
7562 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> の場合は新"
7563 "しいプロセスの PID である。 Linux 2.6.18 以降では、新しいプロセスの PID は "
7564 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE> で入手できる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7567 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:502
7569 msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
7570 msgstr "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
7573 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:514
7576 #| "Restarts the stopped child process. If I<data> is nonzero and not "
7577 #| "B<SIGSTOP>, it is interpreted as a signal to be delivered to the child; "
7578 #| "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the parent can "
7579 #| "control whether a signal sent to the child is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
7582 "Restart the stopped tracee process. If I<data> is nonzero, it is "
7583 "interpreted as the number of a signal to be delivered to the tracee; "
7584 "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the tracer can "
7585 "control whether a signal sent to the tracee is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
7588 "停止した子プロセスの実行を再開させる。 I<data> がゼロでなく、 B<SIGSTOP> でも"
7589 "なければ、 子プロセスに配送されるシグナルと解釈される。 ゼロや B<SIGSTOP> の"
7590 "場合はシグナルは配送されない。 これを使うと、例えば、親プロセスは 子プロセス"
7591 "に送られたシグナルを実際に配送するかどうかを 制御することができる。(I<addr> "
7595 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:514
7597 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
7598 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
7601 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:538
7604 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arranges for the "
7605 #| "child to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or "
7606 #| "after execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The child will "
7607 #| "also, as usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the parent's "
7608 #| "perspective, the child will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a "
7609 #| "B<SIGTRAP>. So, for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to "
7610 #| "inspect the arguments to the system call at the first stop, then do "
7611 #| "another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and inspect the return value of the system call "
7612 #| "at the second stop. The I<data> argument is treated as for "
7613 #| "B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7615 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arrange for the tracee "
7616 "to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or after "
7617 "execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The tracee will also, as "
7618 "usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the tracer's perspective, "
7619 "the tracee will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a B<SIGTRAP>. So, "
7620 "for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to inspect the arguments to "
7621 "the system call at the first stop, then do another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and "
7622 "inspect the return value of the system call at the second stop. The I<data> "
7623 "argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7625 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし、 "
7626 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> の場合は子プロセスが 次にシステムコールに入るかシステムコー"
7627 "ルから抜けるかする時に、 B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP> の場合は 1 命令 (instruction) "
7628 "実行した後に停止させる (通常どおり、子プロセスはシグナルを受け取った場合にも"
7629 "停止する)。 親プロセスから見ると、子プロセスは B<SIGTRAP> を受信して停止した"
7630 "ように見える。そのため、例えば B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を使うと、1回目の停止で引き"
7631 "数を調べて B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を実行し、 2回目の停止でシステムコールの返り値を"
7632 "調べる、 というようなことができる。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> の場合と"
7633 "同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7636 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:538
7638 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
7639 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (Linux 2.6.14 以降)"
7643 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:559
7646 #| "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next syscall, "
7647 #| "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
7648 #| "but also singlestep if not a syscall. This call is used by programs like "
7649 #| "User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the child's system calls. The "
7650 #| "I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored; "
7651 #| "not supported on all architectures.)"
7653 "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next system call, "
7654 "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
7655 "but also singlestep if not a system call. This call is used by programs "
7656 "like User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the tracee's system calls. "
7657 "The I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. The I<addr> argument "
7658 "is ignored. These requests are currently supported only on x86."
7660 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU> は、実行を再開し、次のシステムコールに入る時に停止させる。 "
7661 "システムコールは実行されない。 B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> も同様だが、システ"
7662 "ムコールでない場合には 1 命令 (singlestep) だけ実行した時点でも停止させる。 "
7663 "このコールは User Mode Linux のように子プロセスのシステムコールを全て エミュ"
7664 "レートしようとするプログラムで使用される。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> "
7665 "の場合と同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。 全てのアーキテクチャでサ"
7669 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:559
7671 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7672 msgid "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
7673 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7676 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:570
7678 "Restart the stopped tracee, but prevent it from executing. The resulting "
7679 "state of the tracee is similar to a process which has been stopped by a "
7680 "B<SIGSTOP> (or other stopping signal). See the \"group-stop\" subsection "
7681 "for additional information. B<PTRACE_LISTEN> works only on tracees attached "
7682 "by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
7686 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:570
7688 msgid "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
7689 msgstr "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
7692 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:579
7695 #| "Sends the child a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
7698 "Send the tracee a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
7701 "子プロセスに B<SIGKILL> を送り終了させる。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
7703 #. [Note from Denys Vlasenko:
7704 #. deprecation suggested by Oleg Nesterov. He prefers to deprecate it
7705 #. instead of describing (and needing to support) PTRACE_KILL's quirks.]
7707 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:598
7709 "I<This operation is deprecated; do not use it!> Instead, send a B<SIGKILL> "
7710 "directly using B<kill>(2) or B<tgkill>(2). The problem with B<PTRACE_KILL> "
7711 "is that it requires the tracee to be in signal-delivery-stop, otherwise it "
7712 "may not work (i.e., may complete successfully but won't kill the tracee). "
7713 "By contrast, sending a B<SIGKILL> directly has no such limitation."
7717 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:598
7719 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7720 msgid "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
7721 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7724 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:612
7726 "Stop a tracee. If the tracee is running, it will stop with "
7727 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. If the tracee is already stopped by a signal, or "
7728 "receives a signal in parallel with B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, it may report a "
7729 "group-stop or a signal-delivery-stop instead of B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. "
7730 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> only works on tracees attached by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
7734 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:612
7736 msgid "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
7737 msgstr "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
7739 #. No longer true (removed by Denys Vlasenko, 2011, who remarks:
7740 #. "I think it isn't true in non-ancient 2.4 and in 2.6/3.x.
7741 #. Basically, it's not true for any Linux in practical use.
7742 #. ; the behavior of the tracee is as if it had done a
7743 #. .BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
7744 #. The calling process actually becomes the parent of the tracee
7745 #. process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive
7746 #. notification of tracee events and appears in
7748 #. output as the tracee's parent), but a
7750 #. by the tracee will still return the PID of the original parent.
7752 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:640
7754 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
7755 "process. The tracee is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not necessarily have "
7756 "stopped by the completion of this call; use B<waitpid>(2) to wait for the "
7757 "tracee to stop. See the \"Attaching and detaching\" subsection for "
7758 "additional information. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
7762 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:640
7764 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7765 msgid "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
7766 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7769 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:660
7771 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
7772 "process. Unlike B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the "
7773 "process. Only a B<PTRACE_SEIZE>d process can accept B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
7774 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> commands. I<addr> must be zero. I<data> contains a bit "
7775 "mask of ptrace options to activate immediately."
7779 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:660
7781 msgid "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
7782 msgstr "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
7785 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:669
7788 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detaches from "
7789 #| "the process, undoing the reparenting effect of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, and the "
7790 #| "effects of B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. Although perhaps not intended, under Linux "
7791 #| "a traced child can be detached in this way regardless of which method was "
7792 #| "used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7794 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detach from it. "
7795 "Under Linux, a tracee can be detached in this way regardless of which method "
7796 "was used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7798 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし まずそのプロセス"
7799 "からの分離 (detach) を行い、 B<PTRACE_ATTACH> での親の切り換えによる効果と "
7800 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> の効果を取り消す。意図したものではないだろうが、 Linux で"
7801 "は、トレースされている子プロセスはどのような方法でトレースを 開始されたとして"
7802 "も、この方法で分離 (detach) することができる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7805 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:669
7807 msgid "Death under ptrace"
7811 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:678
7813 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a killing signal (one whose "
7814 "disposition is set to B<SIG_DFL> and whose default action is to kill the "
7815 "process), all threads exit. Tracees report their death to their tracer(s). "
7816 "Notification of this event is delivered via B<waitpid>(2)."
7820 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:687
7822 "Note that the killing signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
7823 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
7824 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will death from the signal "
7825 "happen on I<all> tracees within a multithreaded process. (The term \"signal-"
7826 "delivery-stop\" is explained below.)"
7830 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:699
7832 "B<SIGKILL> does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore the tracer "
7833 "can't suppress it. B<SIGKILL> kills even within system calls (syscall-exit-"
7834 "stop is not generated prior to death by B<SIGKILL>). The net effect is that "
7835 "B<SIGKILL> always kills the process (all its threads), even if some threads "
7836 "of the process are ptraced."
7840 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:704
7842 "When the tracee calls B<_exit>(2), it reports its death to its tracer. "
7843 "Other threads are not affected."
7847 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:708
7849 "When any thread executes B<exit_group>(2), every tracee in its thread group "
7850 "reports its death to its tracer."
7854 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:722
7856 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option is on, B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> will happen "
7857 "before actual death. This applies to exits via B<exit>(2), B<exit_group>"
7858 "(2), and signal deaths (except B<SIGKILL>), and when threads are torn down "
7859 "on B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process."
7863 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:747
7865 "The tracer cannot assume that the ptrace-stopped tracee exists. There are "
7866 "many scenarios when the tracee may die while stopped (such as B<SIGKILL>). "
7867 "Therefore, the tracer must be prepared to handle an B<ESRCH> error on any "
7868 "ptrace operation. Unfortunately, the same error is returned if the tracee "
7869 "exists but is not ptrace-stopped (for commands which require a stopped "
7870 "tracee), or if it is not traced by the process which issued the ptrace "
7871 "call. The tracer needs to keep track of the stopped/running state of the "
7872 "tracee, and interpret B<ESRCH> as \"tracee died unexpectedly\" only if it "
7873 "knows that the tracee has been observed to enter ptrace-stop. Note that "
7874 "there is no guarantee that I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> will reliably report the "
7875 "tracee's death status if a ptrace operation returned B<ESRCH>. I<waitpid"
7876 "(WNOHANG)> may return 0 instead. In other words, the tracee may be \"not "
7877 "yet fully dead\", but already refusing ptrace requests."
7881 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:761
7883 "The tracer can't assume that the tracee I<always> ends its life by reporting "
7884 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> or I<WIFSIGNALED(status)>; there are cases where this "
7885 "does not occur. For example, if a thread other than thread group leader "
7886 "does an B<execve>(2), it disappears; its PID will never be seen again, and "
7887 "any subsequent ptrace stops will be reported under the thread group leader's "
7892 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:761
7894 msgid "Stopped states"
7898 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:763
7899 msgid "A tracee can be in two states: running or stopped."
7903 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:767
7905 "There are many kinds of states when the tracee is stopped, and in ptrace "
7906 "discussions they are often conflated. Therefore, it is important to use "
7911 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:778
7913 "In this manual page, any stopped state in which the tracee is ready to "
7914 "accept ptrace commands from the tracer is called I<ptrace-stop>. Ptrace-"
7915 "stops can be further subdivided into I<signal-delivery-stop>, I<group-stop>, "
7916 "I<syscall-stop>, and so on. These stopped states are described in detail "
7921 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:783
7923 "When the running tracee enters ptrace-stop, it notifies its tracer using "
7924 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the other \"wait\" system calls). Most of this "
7925 "manual page assumes that the tracer waits with:"
7929 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:785
7931 msgid " pid = waitpid(pid_or_minus_1, &status, __WALL);\n"
7935 #. Do we require __WALL usage, or will just using 0 be ok? (With 0,
7936 #. I am not 100% sure there aren't ugly corner cases.) Are the
7937 #. rules different if user wants to use waitid? Will waitid require
7940 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:797
7942 "Ptrace-stopped tracees are reported as returns with I<pid> greater than 0 "
7943 "and I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true."
7947 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:805
7949 "The B<__WALL> flag does not include the B<WSTOPPED> and B<WEXITED> flags, "
7950 "but implies their functionality."
7954 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:812
7956 "Setting the B<WCONTINUED> flag when calling B<waitpid>(2) is not "
7957 "recommended: the \"continued\" state is per-process and consuming it can "
7958 "confuse the real parent of the tracee."
7962 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:820
7964 "Use of the B<WNOHANG> flag may cause B<waitpid>(2) to return 0 (\"no wait "
7965 "results available yet\") even if the tracer knows there should be a "
7966 "notification. Example:"
7970 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:829
7974 " ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0L, 0L);\n"
7975 " if (errno == ESRCH) {\n"
7976 " /* tracee is dead */\n"
7977 " r = waitpid(tracee, &status, __WALL | WNOHANG);\n"
7978 " /* r can still be 0 here! */\n"
7983 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:852
7985 "The following kinds of ptrace-stops exist: signal-delivery-stops, group-"
7986 "stops, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops, syscall-stops. They all are reported by "
7987 "B<waitpid>(2) with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true. They may be differentiated "
7988 "by examining the value I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8>, and if there is ambiguity in "
7989 "that value, by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. (Note: the I<WSTOPSIG(status)"
7990 "> macro can't be used to perform this examination, because it returns the "
7991 "value I<(statusE<gt>E<gt>8)\\ &\\ 0xff>.)"
7995 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:852
7997 msgid "Signal-delivery-stop"
8001 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:872
8003 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives any signal except "
8004 "B<SIGKILL>, the kernel selects an arbitrary thread which handles the "
8005 "signal. (If the signal is generated with B<tgkill>(2), the target thread "
8006 "can be explicitly selected by the caller.) If the selected thread is "
8007 "traced, it enters signal-delivery-stop. At this point, the signal is not "
8008 "yet delivered to the process, and can be suppressed by the tracer. If the "
8009 "tracer doesn't suppress the signal, it passes the signal to the tracee in "
8010 "the next ptrace restart request. This second step of signal delivery is "
8011 "called I<signal injection> in this manual page. Note that if the signal is "
8012 "blocked, signal-delivery-stop doesn't happen until the signal is unblocked, "
8013 "with the usual exception that B<SIGSTOP> can't be blocked."
8017 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:886
8019 "Signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
8020 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the signal returned by I<WSTOPSIG"
8021 "(status)>. If the signal is B<SIGTRAP>, this may be a different kind of "
8022 "ptrace-stop; see the \"Syscall-stops\" and \"execve\" sections below for "
8023 "details. If I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns a stopping signal, this may be a "
8024 "group-stop; see below."
8028 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:886
8030 msgid "Signal injection and suppression"
8034 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:889
8036 "After signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer, the tracer should "
8037 "restart the tracee with the call"
8041 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:891
8043 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, sig)\n"
8047 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:904
8049 "where B<PTRACE_restart> is one of the restarting ptrace requests. If I<sig> "
8050 "is 0, then a signal is not delivered. Otherwise, the signal I<sig> is "
8051 "delivered. This operation is called I<signal injection> in this manual "
8052 "page, to distinguish it from signal-delivery-stop."
8056 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:910
8058 "The I<sig> value may be different from the I<WSTOPSIG(status)> value: the "
8059 "tracer can cause a different signal to be injected."
8063 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:926
8065 "Note that a suppressed signal still causes system calls to return "
8066 "prematurely. In this case system calls will be restarted: the tracer will "
8067 "observe the tracee to reexecute the interrupted system call (or "
8068 "B<restart_syscall>(2) system call for a few syscalls which use a different "
8069 "mechanism for restarting) if the tracer uses B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>. Even system "
8070 "calls (such as B<poll>(2)) which are not restartable after signal are "
8071 "restarted after signal is suppressed; however, kernel bugs exist which cause "
8072 "some syscalls to fail with B<EINTR> even though no observable signal is "
8073 "injected to the tracee."
8077 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:937
8079 "Restarting ptrace commands issued in ptrace-stops other than signal-delivery-"
8080 "stop are not guaranteed to inject a signal, even if I<sig> is nonzero. No "
8081 "error is reported; a nonzero I<sig> may simply be ignored. Ptrace users "
8082 "should not try to \"create a new signal\" this way: use B<tgkill>(2) "
8087 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:944
8089 "The fact that signal injection requests may be ignored when restarting the "
8090 "tracee after ptrace stops that are not signal-delivery-stops is a cause of "
8091 "confusion among ptrace users. One typical scenario is that the tracer "
8092 "observes group-stop, mistakes it for signal-delivery-stop, restarts the "
8097 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:946
8099 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, stopsig)\n"
8103 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:952
8105 "with the intention of injecting I<stopsig>, but I<stopsig> gets ignored and "
8106 "the tracee continues to run."
8110 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:972
8112 "The B<SIGCONT> signal has a side effect of waking up (all threads of) a "
8113 "group-stopped process. This side effect happens before signal-delivery-"
8114 "stop. The tracer can't suppress this side effect (it can only suppress "
8115 "signal injection, which only causes the B<SIGCONT> handler to not be "
8116 "executed in the tracee, if such a handler is installed). In fact, waking up "
8117 "from group-stop may be followed by signal-delivery-stop for signal(s) "
8118 "I<other than> B<SIGCONT>, if they were pending when B<SIGCONT> was "
8119 "delivered. In other words, B<SIGCONT> may be not the first signal observed "
8120 "by the tracee after it was sent."
8124 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:976
8126 "Stopping signals cause (all threads of) a process to enter group-stop. This "
8127 "side effect happens after signal injection, and therefore can be suppressed "
8132 #. In the Linux 2.4 sources, in arch/i386/kernel/signal.c::do_signal(),
8134 #. /* The debugger continued. Ignore SIGSTOP. */
8135 #. if (signr == SIGSTOP)
8138 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:986
8139 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, the B<SIGSTOP> signal can't be injected."
8143 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1003
8145 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> can be used to retrieve a I<siginfo_t> structure which "
8146 "corresponds to the delivered signal. B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> may be used to "
8147 "modify it. If B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> has been used to alter I<siginfo_t>, the "
8148 "I<si_signo> field and the I<sig> parameter in the restarting command must "
8149 "match, otherwise the result is undefined."
8153 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1003
8159 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1015
8161 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a stopping signal, all "
8162 "threads stop. If some threads are traced, they enter a group-stop. Note "
8163 "that the stopping signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
8164 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
8165 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will group-stop be initiated on "
8166 "I<all> tracees within the multithreaded process. As usual, every tracee "
8167 "reports its group-stop separately to the corresponding tracer."
8171 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1024
8173 "Group-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning with "
8174 "I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the stopping signal available via I<WSTOPSIG"
8175 "(status)>. The same result is returned by some other classes of ptrace-"
8176 "stops, therefore the recommended practice is to perform the call"
8180 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1026
8182 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo)\n"
8186 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1047
8188 "The call can be avoided if the signal is not B<SIGSTOP>, B<SIGTSTP>, "
8189 "B<SIGTTIN>, or B<SIGTTOU>; only these four signals are stopping signals. If "
8190 "the tracer sees something else, it can't be a group-stop. Otherwise, the "
8191 "tracer needs to call B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. If B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> fails "
8192 "with B<EINVAL>, then it is definitely a group-stop. (Other failure codes "
8193 "are possible, such as B<ESRCH> (\"no such process\") if a B<SIGKILL> killed "
8198 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1056
8200 "As of Linux 2.6.38, after the tracer sees the tracee ptrace-stop and until "
8201 "it restarts or kills it, the tracee will not run, and will not send "
8202 "notifications (except B<SIGKILL> death) to the tracer, even if the tracer "
8203 "enters into another B<waitpid>(2) call."
8207 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1070
8209 "The kernel behavior described in the previous paragraph causes a problem "
8210 "with transparent handling of stopping signals. If the tracer restarts the "
8211 "tracee after group-stop, the stopping signal is effectively ignored\\(emthe "
8212 "tracee doesn't remain stopped, it runs. If the tracer doesn't restart the "
8213 "tracee before entering into the next B<waitpid>(2), future B<SIGCONT> "
8214 "signals will not be reported to the tracer; this would cause the B<SIGCONT> "
8215 "signals to have no effect on the tracee."
8219 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1081
8221 "Since Linux 3.4, there is a method to overcome this problem: instead of "
8222 "B<PTRACE_CONT>, a B<PTRACE_LISTEN> command can be used to restart a tracee "
8223 "in a way where it does not execute, but waits for a new event which it can "
8224 "report via B<waitpid>(2) (such as when it is restarted by a B<SIGCONT>)."
8228 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1081
8230 msgid "PTRACE_EVENT stops"
8234 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1087
8236 "If the tracer sets B<PTRACE_O_TRACE_*> options, the tracee will enter ptrace-"
8237 "stops called B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops."
8241 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1101
8243 "B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops are observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
8244 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)>, and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns B<SIGTRAP>. An "
8245 "additional bit is set in the higher byte of the status word: the value "
8246 "I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8> will be"
8250 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1103
8252 msgid " (SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_foo E<lt>E<lt> 8).\n"
8256 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1105
8257 msgid "The following events exist:"
8261 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1105
8263 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
8264 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
8267 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1118
8269 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
8270 "flag. When the tracee is continued after this stop, it will wait for child "
8271 "to exit/exec before continuing its execution (in other words, the usual "
8272 "behavior on B<vfork>(2))."
8276 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1118
8278 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
8279 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
8282 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1126
8284 "Stop before return from B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set "
8289 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1126
8291 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
8292 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
8295 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1130
8296 msgid "Stop before return from B<clone>(2)."
8300 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1130
8302 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
8303 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
8306 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1140
8308 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
8309 "flag, but after the child unblocked this tracee by exiting or execing."
8313 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1146
8315 "For all four stops described above, the stop occurs in the parent (i.e., the "
8316 "tracee), not in the newly created thread. B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> can be used "
8317 "to retrieve the new thread's ID."
8321 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1146
8323 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
8324 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
8327 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1153
8329 "Stop before return from B<execve>(2). Since Linux 3.0, "
8330 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the former thread ID."
8334 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1153
8336 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
8337 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
8340 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1169
8342 "Stop before exit (including death from B<exit_group>(2)), signal death, or "
8343 "exit caused by B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process. "
8344 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the exit status. Registers can be examined "
8345 "(unlike when \"real\" exit happens). The tracee is still alive; it needs to "
8346 "be B<PTRACE_CONT>ed or B<PTRACE_DETACH>ed to finish exiting."
8350 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1169
8352 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
8353 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
8354 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
8357 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1174
8358 msgid "Stop induced by B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
8362 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1186
8364 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in "
8365 "I<si_signo>, with I<si_code> set to I<(eventE<lt>E<lt>8)\\ |\\ SIGTRAP>."
8369 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1186
8371 msgid "Syscall-stops"
8375 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1199
8377 "If the tracee was restarted by B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-"
8378 "enter-stop just prior to entering any system call. If the tracer restarts "
8379 "the tracee with B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-exit-stop when "
8380 "the system call is finished, or if it is interrupted by a signal. (That is, "
8381 "signal-delivery-stop never happens between syscall-enter-stop and syscall-"
8382 "exit-stop; it happens I<after> syscall-exit-stop.)"
8386 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1213
8388 "Other possibilities are that the tracee may stop in a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, "
8389 "exit (if it entered B<_exit>(2) or B<exit_group>(2)), be killed by "
8390 "B<SIGKILL>, or die silently (if it is a thread group leader, the B<execve>"
8391 "(2) happened in another thread, and that thread is not traced by the same "
8392 "tracer; this situation is discussed later)."
8396 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1228
8398 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are observed by the tracer as "
8399 "B<waitpid>(2) returning with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, and I<WSTOPSIG"
8400 "(status)> giving B<SIGTRAP>. If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option was set "
8401 "by the tracer, then I<WSTOPSIG(status)> will give the value I<(SIGTRAP\\ |\\ "
8406 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1234
8408 "Syscall-stops can be distinguished from signal-delivery-stop with B<SIGTRAP> "
8409 "by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for the following cases:"
8413 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1234
8415 msgid "I<si_code> E<lt>= 0"
8419 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
8421 "B<SIGTRAP> was delivered as a result of a user-space action, for example, a "
8422 "system call (B<tgkill>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), etc.), expiration of "
8423 "a POSIX timer, change of state on a POSIX message queue, or completion of an "
8424 "asynchronous I/O request."
8428 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
8430 msgid "I<si_code> == SI_KERNEL (0x80)"
8434 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1250
8435 msgid "B<SIGTRAP> was sent by the kernel."
8439 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1250
8441 msgid "I<si_code> == SIGTRAP or I<si_code> == (SIGTRAP|0x80)"
8445 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1253
8446 msgid "This is a syscall-stop."
8450 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1258
8452 "However, syscall-stops happen very often (twice per system call), and "
8453 "performing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for every syscall-stop may be somewhat "
8458 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1281
8460 "Some architectures allow the cases to be distinguished by examining "
8461 "registers. For example, on x86, I<rax> == -B<ENOSYS> in syscall-enter-"
8462 "stop. Since B<SIGTRAP> (like any other signal) always happens I<after> "
8463 "syscall-exit-stop, and at this point I<rax> almost never contains -"
8464 "B<ENOSYS>, the B<SIGTRAP> looks like \"syscall-stop which is not syscall-"
8465 "enter-stop\"; in other words, it looks like a \"stray syscall-exit-stop\" "
8466 "and can be detected this way. But such detection is fragile and is best "
8471 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1287
8473 "Using the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option is the recommended method to "
8474 "distinguish syscall-stops from other kinds of ptrace-stops, since it is "
8475 "reliable and does not incur a performance penalty."
8479 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1298
8481 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are indistinguishable from each "
8482 "other by the tracer. The tracer needs to keep track of the sequence of "
8483 "ptrace-stops in order to not misinterpret syscall-enter-stop as syscall-exit-"
8484 "stop or vice versa. The rule is that syscall-enter-stop is always followed "
8485 "by syscall-exit-stop, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop or the tracee's death; no other "
8486 "kinds of ptrace-stop can occur in between."
8490 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1303
8492 "If after syscall-enter-stop, the tracer uses a restarting command other than "
8493 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, syscall-exit-stop is not generated."
8497 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1315
8499 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on syscall-stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in I<si_signo>, "
8500 "with I<si_code> set to B<SIGTRAP> or I<(SIGTRAP|0x80)>."
8504 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1315
8506 msgid "PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU, PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP stops"
8511 #. document stops occurring with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU,
8512 #. PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP
8514 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1321
8515 msgid "[Details of these kinds of stops are yet to be documented.]"
8519 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1321
8521 msgid "Informational and restarting ptrace commands"
8525 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1331
8527 "Most ptrace commands (all except B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, "
8528 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and B<PTRACE_KILL>) require the "
8529 "tracee to be in a ptrace-stop, otherwise they fail with B<ESRCH>."
8533 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1336
8535 "When the tracee is in ptrace-stop, the tracer can read and write data to the "
8536 "tracee using informational commands. These commands leave the tracee in "
8537 "ptrace-stopped state:"
8541 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1348
8544 " ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT/PEEKDATA/PEEKUSER, pid, addr, 0);\n"
8545 " ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT/POKEDATA/POKEUSER, pid, addr, long_val);\n"
8546 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS/GETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
8547 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS/SETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
8548 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
8549 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
8550 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
8551 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
8552 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, 0, &long_var);\n"
8553 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
8557 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1360
8559 "Note that some errors are not reported. For example, setting signal "
8560 "information (I<siginfo>) may have no effect in some ptrace-stops, yet the "
8561 "call may succeed (return 0 and not set I<errno>); querying "
8562 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> may succeed and return some random value if current "
8563 "ptrace-stop is not documented as returning a meaningful event message."
8567 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1362
8572 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1364
8574 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
8578 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1373
8580 "affects one tracee. The tracee's current flags are replaced. Flags are "
8581 "inherited by new tracees created and \"auto-attached\" via active "
8582 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> "
8587 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1376
8589 "Another group of commands makes the ptrace-stopped tracee run. They have "
8594 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1378
8596 msgid " ptrace(cmd, pid, 0, sig);\n"
8600 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1399
8602 "where I<cmd> is B<PTRACE_CONT>, B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, B<PTRACE_DETACH>, "
8603 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, or "
8604 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, "
8605 "I<sig> is the signal to be injected (if it is nonzero). Otherwise, I<sig> "
8606 "may be ignored. (When restarting a tracee from a ptrace-stop other than "
8607 "signal-delivery-stop, recommended practice is to always pass 0 in I<sig>.)"
8611 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1399
8613 msgid "Attaching and detaching"
8617 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1401
8618 msgid "A thread can be attached to the tracer using the call"
8622 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1403
8624 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0);\n"
8628 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1405 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1895
8633 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1407
8635 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
8639 #. FIXME: Describe how to attach to a thread which is already
8642 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1432
8644 "B<PTRACE_ATTACH> sends B<SIGSTOP> to this thread. If the tracer wants this "
8645 "B<SIGSTOP> to have no effect, it needs to suppress it. Note that if other "
8646 "signals are concurrently sent to this thread during attach, the tracer may "
8647 "see the tracee enter signal-delivery-stop with other signal(s) first! The "
8648 "usual practice is to reinject these signals until B<SIGSTOP> is seen, then "
8649 "suppress B<SIGSTOP> injection. The design bug here is that a ptrace attach "
8650 "and a concurrently delivered B<SIGSTOP> may race and the concurrent "
8651 "B<SIGSTOP> may be lost."
8655 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1439
8657 "Since attaching sends B<SIGSTOP> and the tracer usually suppresses it, this "
8658 "may cause a stray B<EINTR> return from the currently executing system call "
8659 "in the tracee, as described in the \"Signal injection and suppression\" "
8664 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1451
8666 "Since Linux 3.4, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> can be used instead of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>. "
8667 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the attached process. If you need to stop it "
8668 "after attach (or at any other time) without sending it any signals, use "
8669 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
8673 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1453
8678 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1455
8680 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0);\n"
8684 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1461
8686 "turns the calling thread into a tracee. The thread continues to run "
8687 "(doesn't enter ptrace-stop). A common practice is to follow the "
8688 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> with"
8692 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1463
8694 msgid " raise(SIGSTOP);\n"
8698 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1466
8700 "and allow the parent (which is our tracer now) to observe our signal-"
8705 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1490
8707 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or "
8708 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> options are in effect, then children created by, "
8709 "respectively, B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, "
8710 "B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, and "
8711 "other kinds of B<clone>(2), are automatically attached to the same tracer "
8712 "which traced their parent. B<SIGSTOP> is delivered to the children, causing "
8713 "them to enter signal-delivery-stop after they exit the system call which "
8718 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1492
8719 msgid "Detaching of the tracee is performed by:"
8723 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1494
8725 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, sig);\n"
8729 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1502
8731 "B<PTRACE_DETACH> is a restarting operation; therefore it requires the tracee "
8732 "to be in ptrace-stop. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, a signal "
8733 "can be injected. Otherwise, the I<sig> parameter may be silently ignored."
8736 #. FIXME: Describe how to detach from a group-stopped tracee so that it
8737 #. doesn't run, but continues to wait for SIGCONT.
8739 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1526
8741 "If the tracee is running when the tracer wants to detach it, the usual "
8742 "solution is to send B<SIGSTOP> (using B<tgkill>(2), to make sure it goes to "
8743 "the correct thread), wait for the tracee to stop in signal-delivery-stop for "
8744 "B<SIGSTOP> and then detach it (suppressing B<SIGSTOP> injection). A design "
8745 "bug is that this can race with concurrent B<SIGSTOP>s. Another complication "
8746 "is that the tracee may enter other ptrace-stops and needs to be restarted "
8747 "and waited for again, until B<SIGSTOP> is seen. Yet another complication is "
8748 "to be sure that the tracee is not already ptrace-stopped, because no signal "
8749 "delivery happens while it is\\(emnot even B<SIGSTOP>."
8753 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1534
8755 "If the tracer dies, all tracees are automatically detached and restarted, "
8756 "unless they were in group-stop. Handling of restart from group-stop is "
8757 "currently buggy, but the \"as planned\" behavior is to leave tracee stopped "
8758 "and waiting for B<SIGCONT>. If the tracee is restarted from signal-delivery-"
8759 "stop, the pending signal is injected."
8763 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1534
8765 msgid "execve(2) under ptrace"
8769 #. clone(2) CLONE_THREAD says:
8770 #. If any of the threads in a thread group performs an execve(2),
8771 #. then all threads other than the thread group leader are terminated,
8772 #. and the new program is executed in the thread group leader.
8773 #. In kernel 3.1 sources, see fs/exec.c::de_thread()
8775 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1553
8777 "When one thread in a multithreaded process calls B<execve>(2), the kernel "
8778 "destroys all other threads in the process, and resets the thread ID of the "
8779 "execing thread to the thread group ID (process ID). (Or, to put things "
8780 "another way, when a multithreaded process does an B<execve>(2), at "
8781 "completion of the call, it appears as though the B<execve>(2) occurred in "
8782 "the thread group leader, regardless of which thread did the B<execve>(2).) "
8783 "This resetting of the thread ID looks very confusing to tracers:"
8787 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1563
8789 "All other threads stop in B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop, if the "
8790 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option was turned on. Then all other threads except "
8791 "the thread group leader report death as if they exited via B<_exit>(2) with "
8796 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1571
8798 "The execing tracee changes its thread ID while it is in the B<execve>(2). "
8799 "(Remember, under ptrace, the \"pid\" returned from B<waitpid>(2), or fed "
8800 "into ptrace calls, is the tracee's thread ID.) That is, the tracee's thread "
8801 "ID is reset to be the same as its process ID, which is the same as the "
8802 "thread group leader's thread ID."
8806 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1577
8808 "Then a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop happens, if the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
8809 "option was turned on."
8813 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1598
8815 "If the thread group leader has reported its B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop by "
8816 "this time, it appears to the tracer that the dead thread leader \"reappears "
8817 "from nowhere\". (Note: the thread group leader does not report death via "
8818 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> until there is at least one other live thread. This "
8819 "eliminates the possibility that the tracer will see it dying and then "
8820 "reappearing.) If the thread group leader was still alive, for the tracer "
8821 "this may look as if thread group leader returns from a different system call "
8822 "than it entered, or even \"returned from a system call even though it was "
8823 "not in any system call\". If the thread group leader was not traced (or was "
8824 "traced by a different tracer), then during B<execve>(2) it will appear as "
8825 "if it has become a tracee of the tracer of the execing tracee."
8829 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1601
8831 "All of the above effects are the artifacts of the thread ID change in the "
8836 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1621
8838 "The B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is the recommended tool for dealing with "
8839 "this situation. First, it enables B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop, which occurs "
8840 "before B<execve>(2) returns. In this stop, the tracer can use "
8841 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> to retrieve the tracee's former thread ID. (This "
8842 "feature was introduced in Linux 3.0). Second, the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
8843 "option disables legacy B<SIGTRAP> generation on B<execve>(2)."
8847 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1627
8849 "When the tracer receives B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, it is "
8850 "guaranteed that except this tracee and the thread group leader, no other "
8851 "threads from the process are alive."
8855 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1635
8857 "On receiving the B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, the tracer should "
8858 "clean up all its internal data structures describing the threads of this "
8859 "process, and retain only one data structure\\(emone which describes the "
8860 "single still running tracee, with"
8864 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1637
8866 msgid " thread ID == thread group ID == process ID.\n"
8870 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1641
8871 msgid "Example: two threads call B<execve>(2) at the same time:"
8875 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1652
8878 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 1: **\n"
8879 "PID1 execve(\"/bin/foo\", \"foo\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
8880 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 1 **\n"
8881 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 2: **\n"
8882 "PID2 execve(\"/bin/bar\", \"bar\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
8883 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 2 **\n"
8884 "*** we get PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC for PID0, we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL **\n"
8885 "*** we get syscall-exit-stop for PID0: **\n"
8886 "PID0 E<lt>... execve resumedE<gt> ) = 0\n"
8890 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1675
8892 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is I<not> in effect for the execing "
8893 "tracee, the kernel delivers an extra B<SIGTRAP> to the tracee after B<execve>"
8894 "(2) returns. This is an ordinary signal (similar to one which can be "
8895 "generated by I<kill -TRAP>), not a special kind of ptrace-stop. Employing "
8896 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for this signal returns I<si_code> set to 0 "
8897 "(I<SI_USER>). This signal may be blocked by signal mask, and thus may be "
8898 "delivered (much) later."
8902 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1694
8904 "Usually, the tracer (for example, B<strace>(1)) would not want to show this "
8905 "extra post-execve B<SIGTRAP> signal to the user, and would suppress its "
8906 "delivery to the tracee (if B<SIGTRAP> is set to B<SIG_DFL>, it is a killing "
8907 "signal). However, determining I<which> B<SIGTRAP> to suppress is not easy. "
8908 "Setting the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option and thus suppressing this extra "
8909 "B<SIGTRAP> is the recommended approach."
8913 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1694
8919 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1701
8921 "The ptrace API (ab)uses the standard UNIX parent/child signaling over "
8922 "B<waitpid>(2). This used to cause the real parent of the process to stop "
8923 "receiving several kinds of B<waitpid>(2) notifications when the child "
8924 "process is traced by some other process."
8928 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1704
8930 "Many of these bugs have been fixed, but as of Linux 2.6.38 several still "
8931 "exist; see BUGS below."
8935 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1706
8936 msgid "As of Linux 2.6.38, the following is believed to work correctly:"
8940 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1714
8942 "exit/death by signal is reported first to the tracer, then, when the tracer "
8943 "consumes the B<waitpid>(2) result, to the real parent (to the real parent "
8944 "only when the whole multithreaded process exits). If the tracer and the "
8945 "real parent are the same process, the report is sent only once."
8949 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1728
8952 #| "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while "
8953 #| "other requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and "
8954 #| "I<errno> is set appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful "
8955 #| "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the caller must check I<errno> after "
8956 #| "such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred."
8958 "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while other "
8959 "requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and I<errno> is set "
8960 "appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful B<PTRACE_PEEK*> "
8961 "request may be -1, the caller must clear I<errno> before the call, and then "
8962 "check it afterward to determine whether or not an error occurred."
8964 "成功すると、 B<PTRACE_PEEK*> の場合は要求したデータを返し、 それ以外の場合は "
8965 "0 を返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。 "
8966 "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> が成功して返す値も -1 になることがあるため、 そのような要求"
8967 "の場合には、呼び出し元は I<errno> を調べ、エラーか発生したのかどうかを判断し"
8971 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1732
8973 "(i386 only) There was an error with allocating or freeing a debug register."
8974 msgstr "(i386 のみ) デバッグレジスタの確保または解放でエラーが発生した。"
8977 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1743
8980 #| "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
8981 #| "parent's or child's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
8982 #| "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this "
8983 #| "fault will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
8985 "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
8986 "tracer's or the tracee's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
8987 "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this fault "
8988 "will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
8990 "親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの不正な領域に読み書きしようとした。 おそら"
8991 "くその領域がマッピングされていないか、 その領域へのアクセスが許されていないか"
8992 "である。 不運なことに、Linux ではこのようなエラーの場合、多かれ少なかれ 恣意"
8993 "的に B<EIO> を返したり B<EFAULT> を返したりすることがある。"
8996 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1746
8997 msgid "An attempt was made to set an invalid option."
8998 msgstr "不正なオプションを設定しようとした。"
9001 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1753
9004 #| "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
9005 #| "invalid area in the parent's or child's memory, or there was a word-"
9006 #| "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
9009 "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
9010 "invalid area in the tracer's or the tracee's memory, or there was a word-"
9011 "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
9014 "I<request> が不正である。 または、親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの 不正な"
9015 "領域に読み書きしようとした。 または、ワード境界違反があった。 または、実行再"
9016 "開の要求で不正なシグナルを指定した。"
9019 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1766
9022 #| "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the parent "
9023 #| "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is "
9024 #| "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that "
9025 #| "they cannot send signals to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID "
9026 #| "programs, for obvious reasons. Alternatively, the process may already be "
9027 #| "being traced, or be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
9029 "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the tracer "
9030 "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); "
9031 "unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that they cannot send signals "
9032 "to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID programs, for obvious reasons. "
9033 "Alternatively, the process may already be being traced, or (on kernels "
9034 "before 2.6.26) be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
9036 "指定したプロセスをトレースすることができない。これは親プロセスが 必要な権限 "
9037 "(必要なケーパビリティは B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>) を持っていないことが原因の場合が"
9038 "ある。 分かりやすい理由を挙げるなら、 非特権プロセスはシグナルを送ることがで"
9039 "きないプロセスをトレースできないし、 set-user-ID/set-group-ID プログラムを実"
9040 "行しているプロセスはトレースできない。 または、プロセスはすでにトレース中であ"
9041 "る、 または B<init>(8) プロセス (PID が 1) である。"
9044 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1771
9047 #| "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
9048 #| "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require that)."
9050 "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
9051 "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require a stopped tracee)."
9053 "指定したプロセスが存在しない。 または、指定したプロセスは呼び出したプロセス"
9054 "が 現在トレース中の子プロセスではない。 または、指定したプロセスが停止してい"
9055 "ない (停止していることが必要な要求の場合)。"
9058 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1773
9059 msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
9060 msgstr "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
9063 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1788
9066 #| "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
9067 #| "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
9068 #| "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. This means that "
9069 #| "unneeded trailing arguments may be omitted, though doing so makes use of "
9070 #| "undocumented B<gcc>(1) behavior."
9072 "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
9073 "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
9074 "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. It is recommended to "
9075 "always supply four arguments, even if the requested operation does not use "
9076 "them, setting unused/ignored arguments to I<0L> or I<(void\\ *)\\ 0>."
9078 "B<ptrace>() の引き数は上のようなプロトタイプに基づいて解釈されるが、 glibc "
9079 "では、現在のところ B<ptrace>() は I<request> 引き数だけが固定の可変長引き数"
9080 "関数として 宣言されている。 これは必要なければ残りの引き数は省略可能であるこ"
9081 "とを意味するが、 それは B<gcc>(1) の明文化されていない動作を利用していること"
9084 #. See commit 00cd5c37afd5f431ac186dd131705048c0a11fdb
9086 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1793
9088 #| msgid "B<init>(8), the process with PID 1, may not be traced."
9090 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.26, B<init>(8), the process with PID 1, may not "
9092 msgstr "B<init>(8) すなわち PID が 1 のプロセスはトレースすることができない。"
9094 #. See http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375
9096 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1800
9099 #| "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite OS- and "
9100 #| "architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data returned, might "
9101 #| "not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
9103 "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite operating-"
9104 "system- and architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data "
9105 "returned, might not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
9107 "メモリや USER 領域の内容や配置は OS ごと、アーキテクチャごとに 非常に依存す"
9108 "る。 オフセットが指定された場合、返されるデータは I<struct user> の定義と完全"
9112 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1803
9115 #| "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the OS variant (e.g., for 32-bit "
9116 #| "Linux it is 32 bits, etc.)."
9118 "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the operating-system variant (e.g., "
9119 "for 32-bit Linux it is 32 bits)."
9121 "「ワード (word) 」の大きさは OS によって決まる。 (例えば、32 ビットの Linux "
9125 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1811
9128 #| "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in "
9129 #| "Linux. Its behavior differs noticeably on other flavors of UNIX. In any "
9130 #| "case, use of B<ptrace>() is highly OS- and architecture-specific."
9132 "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in Linux. "
9133 "Its behavior differs noticeably on other flavors of UNIX. In any case, use "
9134 "of B<ptrace>() is highly specific to the operating system and architecture."
9136 "このマニュアルは現在の Linux における B<ptrace>() コールの動作について記述し"
9137 "ている。他の UNIX では その動作は著しく異なる。 いかなる場合も B<ptrace>() "
9138 "を使うと OS やアーキテクチャに非常に依存したものになる。"
9141 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1822
9144 #| "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
9145 #| "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications "
9146 #| "compiled with such headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be "
9147 #| "worked around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to "
9148 #| "B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if that is defined."
9150 "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
9151 "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications compiled "
9152 "with 2.6 kernel headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be worked "
9153 "around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if "
9156 "カーネル 2.6 のヘッダがインストールされたホストでは、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> は"
9157 "カーネル 2.4 のヘッダとは異なる値で宣言される。 このため、カーネル 2.6 のヘッ"
9158 "ダでコンパイルされたアプリケーションは カーネル 2.4 では正しく動作しない。 こ"
9159 "の問題は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> が定義されていた際は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> "
9160 "を B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS> に定義し直すことで対処できる。"
9163 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1825
9165 "Group-stop notifications are sent to the tracer, but not to real parent. "
9166 "Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
9169 #. Note from Denys Vlasenko:
9170 #. Here "exits" means any kind of death - _exit, exit_group,
9171 #. signal death. Signal death and exit_group cases are trivial,
9172 #. though: since signal death and exit_group kill all other threads
9173 #. too, "until all other threads exit" thing happens rather soon
9174 #. in these cases. Therefore, only _exit presents observably
9175 #. puzzling behavior to ptrace users: thread leader _exit's,
9176 #. but WIFEXITED isn't reported! We are trying to explain here
9178 #. FIXME: ^^^ need to test/verify this scenario
9180 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1856
9182 "If a thread group leader is traced and exits by calling B<_exit>(2), a "
9183 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop will happen for it (if requested), but the "
9184 "subsequent B<WIFEXITED> notification will not be delivered until all other "
9185 "threads exit. As explained above, if one of other threads calls B<execve>"
9186 "(2), the death of the thread group leader will I<never> be reported. If the "
9187 "execed thread is not traced by this tracer, the tracer will never know that "
9188 "B<execve>(2) happened. One possible workaround is to B<PTRACE_DETACH> the "
9189 "thread group leader instead of restarting it in this case. Last confirmed "
9194 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1866
9196 "A B<SIGKILL> signal may still cause a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop before "
9197 "actual signal death. This may be changed in the future; B<SIGKILL> is meant "
9198 "to always immediately kill tasks even under ptrace. Last confirmed on "
9203 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1884
9205 "Some system calls return with B<EINTR> if a signal was sent to a tracee, but "
9206 "delivery was suppressed by the tracer. (This is very typical operation: it "
9207 "is usually done by debuggers on every attach, in order to not introduce a "
9208 "bogus B<SIGSTOP>). As of Linux 3.2.9, the following system calls are "
9209 "affected (this list is likely incomplete): B<epoll_wait>(2), and B<read>(2) "
9210 "from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor. The usual symptom of this bug is "
9211 "that when you attach to a quiescent process with the command"
9215 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1886
9217 msgid " strace -p E<lt>process-IDE<gt>\n"
9221 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1889
9222 msgid "then, instead of the usual and expected one-line output such as"
9226 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1892
9228 msgid " restart_syscall(E<lt>... resuming interrupted call ...E<gt>_\n"
9232 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1898
9234 msgid " select(6, [5], NULL, [5], NULL_\n"
9238 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1902
9240 "('_' denotes the cursor position), you observe more than one line. For "
9245 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1906
9248 " clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, {15370, 690928118}) = 0\n"
9253 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1927
9255 "What is not visible here is that the process was blocked in B<epoll_wait>"
9256 "(2) before B<strace>(1) has attached to it. Attaching caused B<epoll_wait>"
9257 "(2) to return to user space with the error B<EINTR>. In this particular "
9258 "case, the program reacted to B<EINTR> by checking the current time, and then "
9259 "executing B<epoll_wait>(2) again. (Programs which do not expect such "
9260 "\"stray\" B<EINTR> errors may behave in an unintended way upon an B<strace>"
9265 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1941
9267 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), B<gettid>"
9268 "(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), "
9269 "B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
9271 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2),\n"
9272 "B<gettid>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2),\n"
9273 "B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
9276 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
9282 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
9288 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30
9289 msgid "quotactl - manipulate disk quotas"
9290 msgstr "quotactl - ディスク quota を操作する"
9293 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:34
9296 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
9297 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
9299 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
9300 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
9303 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:37
9305 msgid "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
9306 msgstr "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
9309 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:49
9312 #| "The quota system defines for each user and/or group a soft limit and a "
9313 #| "hard limit bounding the amount of disk space that can be used on a given "
9314 #| "file system. The hard limit cannot be crossed. The soft limit can be "
9315 #| "crossed, but warnings will ensue. Moreover, the user cannot be above the "
9316 #| "soft limit for more than one week (by default) at a time: after this "
9317 #| "week the soft limit counts as hard limit."
9319 "The quota system can be used to set per-user and per-group limits on the "
9320 "amount of disk space used on a file system. For each user and/or group, a "
9321 "soft limit and a hard limit can be set for each file system. The hard limit "
9322 "can't be exceeded. The soft limit can be exceeded, but warnings will "
9323 "ensue. Moreover, the user can't exceed the soft limit for more than one "
9324 "week (by default) at a time; after this time, the soft limit counts as a "
9327 "quota システムは、各々のユーザ及び/またはグループに対して、 ソフト・リミット"
9328 "及びハード・リミットを定める。これはあるファイル・システムで 使用する事が出来"
9329 "るディスク容量を制限する。 ハード・リミットは超過することは出来ない。 ソフ"
9330 "ト・リミットは超過する事が出来るが、警告が発せられる。 更に、(デフォルトで"
9331 "は) 一週間以上ソフト・リミットを超過したままに しておく事はできない: 一週間経"
9332 "過した後はハード・リミットを超過したと みなされる。"
9335 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:74
9338 #| "The B<quotactl>() system call manipulates these quota. Its first "
9339 #| "argument is of the form B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> where I<type> is "
9340 #| "either B<USRQUOTA> or B<GRPQUOTA> (for user quota and group quota, "
9341 #| "respectively), and I<subcmd> is described below."
9343 "The B<quotactl>() call manipulates disk quotas. The I<cmd> argument "
9344 "indicates a command to be applied to the user or group ID specified in "
9345 "I<id>. To initialize the I<cmd> argument, use the I<QCMD(subcmd, type)> "
9346 "macro. The I<type> value is either B<USRQUOTA>, for user quotas, or "
9347 "B<GRPQUOTA>, for group quotas. The I<subcmd> value is described below."
9349 "B<quotactl>() システムコールはこれらの quota に対する操作を行なう。 最初の引"
9350 "き数は B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> という形式である。 I<type> には、ユー"
9351 "ザー quota については B<USRQUOTA> を、グループ quota については B<GRPQUOTA> "
9352 "を指定する。 I<subcmd> は以下で説明する。"
9355 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:79
9357 "The I<special> argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing "
9358 "the pathname of the (mounted) block special device for the file system being "
9363 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:87
9365 "The I<addr> argument is the address of an optional, command-specific, data "
9366 "structure that is copied in or out of the system. The interpretation of "
9367 "I<addr> is given with each command below."
9371 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
9372 msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
9373 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
9376 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
9378 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
9379 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
9382 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:98
9384 "Turn on quotas for a file system. The I<id> argument is the identification "
9385 "number of the quota format to be used. Currently, there are three supported "
9390 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:99
9392 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_OLD>"
9396 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
9397 msgid "The original quota format."
9401 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
9403 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V0>"
9407 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
9409 "The standard VFS v0 quota format, which can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and "
9410 "quota limits up to 2^42 bytes and 2^32 inodes."
9414 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
9416 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V1>"
9420 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:110
9422 "A quota format that can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and quota limits of 2^64 "
9423 "bytes and 2^64 inodes."
9427 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
9429 "The I<addr> argument points to the pathname of a file containing the quotas "
9430 "for the file system. The quota file must exist; it is normally created with "
9431 "the B<quotacheck>(8) program. This operation requires privilege "
9432 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9436 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
9438 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
9439 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
9442 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
9444 "Turn off quotas for a file system. The I<addr> and I<id> arguments are "
9445 "ignored. This operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9449 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
9451 msgid "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
9452 msgstr "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
9455 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:142
9458 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
9459 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
9461 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user or group I<id>. The "
9462 "I<addr> argument is a pointer to a I<dqblk> structure defined in I<E<lt>sys/"
9463 "quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
9465 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
9466 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
9469 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:147 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:234
9472 "/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64-bit integer;\n"
9473 " uint32_t is an unsigned 32-bit integer */\n"
9477 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:167
9480 "struct dqblk { /* Definition since Linux 2.4.22 */\n"
9481 " uint64_t dqb_bhardlimit; /* absolute limit on disk\n"
9482 " quota blocks alloc */\n"
9483 " uint64_t dqb_bsoftlimit; /* preferred limit on\n"
9484 " disk quota blocks */\n"
9485 " uint64_t dqb_curspace; /* current quota block\n"
9487 " uint64_t dqb_ihardlimit; /* maximum number of\n"
9488 " allocated inodes */\n"
9489 " uint64_t dqb_isoftlimit; /* preferred inode limit */\n"
9490 " uint64_t dqb_curinodes; /* current number of\n"
9491 " allocated inodes */\n"
9492 " uint64_t dqb_btime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
9494 " uint64_t dqb_itime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
9496 " uint32_t dqb_valid; /* bit mask of QIF_*\n"
9502 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:170
9505 "/* Flags in dqb_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
9506 " dqblk structure are valid. */\n"
9510 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:181
9513 "#define QIF_BLIMITS 1\n"
9514 "#define QIF_SPACE 2\n"
9515 "#define QIF_ILIMITS 4\n"
9516 "#define QIF_INODES 8\n"
9517 "#define QIF_BTIME 16\n"
9518 "#define QIF_ITIME 32\n"
9519 "#define QIF_LIMITS (QIF_BLIMITS | QIF_ILIMITS)\n"
9520 "#define QIF_USAGE (QIF_SPACE | QIF_INODES)\n"
9521 "#define QIF_TIMES (QIF_BTIME | QIF_ITIME)\n"
9522 "#define QIF_ALL (QIF_LIMITS | QIF_USAGE | QIF_TIMES)\n"
9526 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
9528 "The I<dqb_valid> field is a bit mask that is set to indicate the entries in "
9529 "the I<dqblk> structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all "
9530 "entries of the I<dqblk> structure and marks them as valid in the "
9531 "I<dqb_valid> field. Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own quotas; "
9532 "a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can retrieve the quotas of any user."
9536 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
9538 msgid "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
9539 msgstr "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
9542 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
9544 "Set quota information for user or group I<id>, using the information "
9545 "supplied in the I<dqblk> structure pointed to by I<addr>. The I<dqb_valid> "
9546 "field of the I<dqblk> structure indicates which entries in the structure "
9547 "have been set by the caller. This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETQLIM> and "
9548 "B<Q_SETUSE> operations in the previous quota interfaces. This operation "
9549 "requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9553 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
9555 msgid "B<Q_GETINFO>"
9556 msgstr "B<Q_GETINFO>"
9559 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:229
9562 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
9563 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
9565 "Get information (like grace times) about quotafile. The I<addr> argument "
9566 "should be a pointer to a I<dqinfo> structure. This structure is defined in "
9567 "I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
9569 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
9570 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
9573 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:238
9576 "struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
9577 " uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
9578 " becomes hard limit */\n"
9582 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:245
9585 " uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
9586 " becomes hard limit */\n"
9587 " uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
9589 " uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
9594 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:247
9596 msgid "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
9600 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:249
9602 msgid "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
9606 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:251
9608 msgid "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
9612 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:253
9614 msgid "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
9618 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:256
9621 "/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
9622 " dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
9626 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:261
9629 "# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
9630 "# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
9631 "# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
9632 "# define IIF_ALL\t(IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
9636 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
9638 "The I<dqi_valid> field in the I<dqinfo> structure indicates the entries in "
9639 "the structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of "
9640 "the I<dqinfo> structure and marks them all as valid in the I<dqi_valid> "
9641 "field. The I<id> argument is ignored."
9645 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
9647 msgid "B<Q_SETINFO>"
9648 msgstr "B<Q_SETINFO>"
9651 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
9653 "Set information about quotafile. The I<addr> argument should be a pointer "
9654 "to a I<dqinfo> structure. The I<dqi_valid> field of the I<dqinfo> structure "
9655 "indicates the entries in the structure that have been set by the caller. "
9656 "This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETGRACE> and B<Q_SETFLAGS> operations in "
9657 "the previous quota interfaces. The I<id> argument is ignored. This "
9658 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9662 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
9665 msgstr "B<Q_GETFMT>"
9668 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
9670 "Get quota format used on the specified file system. The I<addr> argument "
9671 "should be a pointer to a 4-byte buffer where the format number will be "
9676 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
9682 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
9684 "Update the on-disk copy of quota usages for a file system. If I<special> is "
9685 "NULL, then all file systems with active quotas are sync'ed. The I<addr> and "
9686 "I<id> arguments are ignored."
9690 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
9692 msgid "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
9693 msgstr "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
9695 #. Q_GETSTATS was removed in kernel 2.4.22.
9697 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:339
9699 "Get statistics and other generic information about the quota subsystem. The "
9700 "I<addr> argument should be a pointer to a I<dqstats> structure in which data "
9701 "should be stored. This structure is defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>.> "
9702 "The I<special> and I<id> arguments are ignored. This operation is obsolete "
9703 "and not supported by recent kernels. Files in I</proc/sys/fs/quota/> carry "
9704 "the information instead."
9708 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
9710 "For XFS file systems making use of the XFS Quota Manager (XQM), the above "
9711 "commands are bypassed and the following commands are used:"
9715 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
9717 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
9718 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
9721 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
9723 "Turn on quotas for an XFS file system. XFS provides the ability to turn on/"
9724 "off quota limit enforcement with quota accounting. Therefore, XFS expects "
9725 "I<addr> to be a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that contains either the flags "
9726 "B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ENFD> (for user quota), or "
9727 "B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ENFD> (for group quota), as "
9728 "defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>. This operation requires privilege "
9729 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9733 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
9735 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
9736 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
9739 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
9741 "Turn off quotas for an XFS file system. As with B<Q_QUOTAON>, XFS file "
9742 "systems expect a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that specifies whether quota "
9743 "accounting and/or limit enforcement need to be turned off. This operation "
9744 "requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9748 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
9750 msgid "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
9751 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
9754 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
9756 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user I<id>. The I<addr> "
9757 "argument is a pointer to an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in "
9758 "I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own "
9759 "quotas; a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) may retrieve the quotas of any "
9764 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
9766 msgid "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
9767 msgstr "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
9770 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
9772 "Set disk quota limits for user I<id>. The I<addr> argument is a pointer to "
9773 "an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). This "
9774 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9778 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
9780 msgid "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
9781 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
9784 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
9786 "Returns an I<fs_quota_stat> structure containing XFS file system specific "
9787 "quota information. This is useful for finding out how much space is used to "
9788 "store quota information, and also to get quotaon/off status of a given local "
9793 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
9795 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
9796 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
9799 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:412
9801 "Free the disk space taken by disk quotas. Quotas must have already been "
9806 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
9808 "There is no command equivalent to B<Q_SYNC> for XFS since B<sync>(1) writes "
9809 "quota information to disk (in addition to the other file system metadata "
9810 "that it writes out)."
9814 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
9816 "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0; on error -1 is returned, and I<errno> "
9817 "is set to indicate the error."
9819 "成功すると、 B<quotactl>() は 0 を返す。\n"
9820 "エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
9823 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434
9824 msgid "I<addr> or I<special> is invalid."
9828 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
9829 msgid "I<cmd> or I<type> is invalid."
9833 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
9839 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
9840 msgid "The file specified by I<special> or I<addr> does not exist."
9844 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
9845 msgid "The kernel has not been compiled with the B<CONFIG_QUOTA> option."
9849 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
9855 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
9856 msgid "I<special> is not a block device."
9857 msgstr "I<special> がブロックデバイスではない。"
9860 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
9862 "The caller lacked the required privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) for the "
9863 "specified operation."
9867 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:465
9869 "No disk quota is found for the indicated user. Quotas have not been turned "
9870 "on for this file system."
9874 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
9875 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
9879 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:477
9880 msgid "Specified limits are out of range allowed by quota format."
9884 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
9885 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_QUOTAON>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
9889 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
9891 "The quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not a regular file; or, "
9892 "the quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not on the file system "
9893 "pointed to by I<special>."
9897 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
9899 "B<Q_QUOTAON> attempted, but another B<Q_QUOTAON> had already been performed."
9903 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
9904 msgid "The quota file is corrupted."
9905 msgstr "quota ファイルが壊れている。"
9908 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
9909 msgid "Specified quota format was not found."
9913 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512
9914 msgid "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
9915 msgstr "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
9918 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
9924 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
9930 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
9931 msgid "sendfile - transfer data between file descriptors"
9932 msgstr "sendfile - ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でデータを転送する"
9935 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:24
9936 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
9937 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
9939 #. The below is too ugly. Comments about glibc versions belong
9940 #. in the notes, not in the header.
9941 #. .B #include <features.h>
9943 #. .B #if (__GLIBC__==2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__>=1) || __GLIBC__>2
9945 #. .B #include <sys/sendfile.h>
9949 #. .B #include <sys/types.h>
9951 #. .B /* No system prototype before glibc 2.1. */
9953 #. .BI "ssize_t sendfile(int" " out_fd" ", int" " in_fd" ", off_t *" #. offset ", size_t" " count" )
9957 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
9959 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
9960 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
9962 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
9963 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
9966 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:57
9968 "B<sendfile>() copies data between one file descriptor and another. Because "
9969 "this copying is done within the kernel, B<sendfile>() is more efficient "
9970 "than the combination of B<read>(2) and B<write>(2), which would require "
9971 "transferring data to and from user space."
9973 "B<sendfile>() は、あるファイル・ディスクリプタから別の ファイル・ディスクリ"
9974 "プタへのデータのコピーを行う。 このコピーはカーネル内で行われるので、 "
9975 "B<sendfile>() は、 B<read>(2) と B<write>(2) を組み合わせるよりも効率がよ"
9976 "い。 B<read>(2) や B<write>(2) ではユーザ空間との間でデータの転送が必要とな"
9980 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:62
9982 "I<in_fd> should be a file descriptor opened for reading and I<out_fd> should "
9983 "be a descriptor opened for writing."
9985 "I<in_fd> は読み込みのためにオープンされたファイル・ディスクリプタ、 "
9986 "I<out_fd> は書き込みのためにオープンされたディスクリプタでなければならない。"
9989 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:83
9991 "If I<offset> is not NULL, then it points to a variable holding the file "
9992 "offset from which B<sendfile>() will start reading data from I<in_fd>. "
9993 "When B<sendfile>() returns, this variable will be set to the offset of the "
9994 "byte following the last byte that was read. If I<offset> is not NULL, then "
9995 "B<sendfile>() does not modify the current file offset of I<in_fd>; "
9996 "otherwise the current file offset is adjusted to reflect the number of bytes "
9997 "read from I<in_fd>."
9999 "I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 I<offset> は B<sendfile>() が I<in_fd> のどこ"
10000 "からデータを読み始めるかを示すファイル・オフセットを保持する変数への ポインタ"
10001 "である。 B<sendfile>() は復帰する時、この変数に最後に読み込んだバイトの 次の"
10002 "バイトのオフセットを書き込む。 I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 B<sendfile>() "
10003 "は I<in_fd> のファイル・オフセットの現在値を変更しない。 NULL の場合は、ファ"
10004 "イル・オフセットの現在値を I<in_fd> から読み込んだバイト数を反映した位置に調"
10007 #. type: Plain text
10008 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:90
10010 "If I<offset> is NULL, then data will be read from I<in_fd> starting at the "
10011 "current file offset, and the file offset will be updated by the call."
10013 "I<offset> が NULL の場合、データは I<in_fd> の現在のファイル・オフセットから"
10014 "読み出され、 ファイル・オフセットはこの呼び出しで更新される。"
10016 #. type: Plain text
10017 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:93
10018 msgid "I<count> is the number of bytes to copy between the file descriptors."
10019 msgstr "I<count> は、ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でコピーするバイト数である。"
10021 #. type: Plain text
10022 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:100
10024 "The I<in_fd> argument must correspond to a file which supports B<mmap>(2)-"
10025 "like operations (i.e., it cannot be a socket)."
10027 "I<in_fd> 引き数は B<mmap>(2) 風の操作ができるファイルを指していなければなら"
10029 "い (ソケットを指定することはできない)。"
10031 #. type: Plain text
10032 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108
10034 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.33, I<out_fd> must refer to a socket. Since "
10035 "Linux 2.6.33 it can be any file. If it is a regular file, then B<sendfile>"
10036 "() changes the file offset appropriately."
10038 "2.6.33 より前の Linux カーネルでは I<out_fd> はソケットを参照していなければ"
10040 "らない。Linux 2.6.33 以降では、任意のファイルを参照することができる。\n"
10041 "通常のファイルの場合には B<sendfile>() はファイルオフセットを適切に変更する。"
10043 #. type: Plain text
10044 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115
10046 "If the transfer was successful, the number of bytes written to I<out_fd> is "
10047 "returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
10049 "転送に成功した場合、 I<out_fd> に書き込まれたバイト数を返す。エラーの場"
10050 "合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
10052 #. type: Plain text
10053 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
10055 "Nonblocking I/O has been selected using B<O_NONBLOCK> and the write would "
10058 "B<O_NONBLOCK> を用いて非ブロック I/O が選択されたが、書き込みがブロックされ"
10062 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121 build/C/man2/splice.2:143
10063 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:123
10068 #. type: Plain text
10069 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
10071 "The input file was not opened for reading or the output file was not opened "
10074 "入力ファイルが読み込みのためにオープンされていないか、 出力ファイルが書き込み"
10077 #. type: Plain text
10078 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128
10079 msgid "Bad address."
10080 msgstr "アドレスがおかしい。"
10082 #. type: Plain text
10083 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
10085 "Descriptor is not valid or locked, or an B<mmap>(2)-like operation is not "
10086 "available for I<in_fd>."
10088 "ディスクリプタが有効でないか、ロックされている。もしくは B<mmap>(2) 風の操作"
10089 "が I<in_fd> では利用できない。"
10091 #. type: Plain text
10092 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
10093 msgid "Unspecified error while reading from I<in_fd>."
10094 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込んでいるうちに予期しないエラーが起こった。"
10096 #. type: Plain text
10097 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142
10098 msgid "Insufficient memory to read from I<in_fd>."
10099 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込むための十分なメモリがない。"
10101 #. type: Plain text
10102 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
10104 "B<sendfile>() is a new feature in Linux 2.2. The include file I<E<lt>sys/"
10105 "sendfile.hE<gt>> is present since glibc 2.1."
10107 "B<sendfile> は Linux 2.2 の新しい機能である。 インクルードファイル "
10108 "I<E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>> は glibc 2.1 から存在している。"
10110 #. type: Plain text
10111 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:150
10112 msgid "Not specified in POSIX.1-2001, or other standards."
10113 msgstr "POSIX.1-2001 や他の標準では規定されていない。"
10115 #. type: Plain text
10116 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155
10118 "Other UNIX systems implement B<sendfile>() with different semantics and "
10119 "prototypes. It should not be used in portable programs."
10121 "他の UNIX システムでは、異なった方式やプロトタイプで B<sendfile>() を実装し"
10122 "ている。移植性を考慮したプログラムでは使用すべきではない。"
10124 #. type: Plain text
10125 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:165
10127 "If you plan to use B<sendfile>() for sending files to a TCP socket, but "
10128 "need to send some header data in front of the file contents, you will find "
10129 "it useful to employ the B<TCP_CORK> option, described in B<tcp>(7), to "
10130 "minimize the number of packets and to tune performance."
10132 "B<sendfile>() を使って TCP ソケットにファイルを送ろうとしていて、 ファイルの"
10133 "内容の前にヘッダ・データを付け加える必要がある場合は、 パケット数を最小にして"
10134 "性能を上げるために B<tcp>(7) に記述されている B<TCP_CORK> オプションを使うと"
10137 #. type: Plain text
10138 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:171
10140 "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, I<out_fd> could also refer to a regular file, and "
10141 "B<sendfile>() changed the current offset of that file."
10143 "Linux 2.4 とそれ以前のバージョンでも、 I<out_fd> は通常のファイルを参照で"
10145 "B<sendfile>() はそのファイルのオフセットの現在値を変更していた。"
10147 #. type: Plain text
10148 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:183
10150 "The original Linux B<sendfile>() system call was not designed to handle "
10151 "large file offsets. Consequently, Linux 2.4 added B<sendfile64>(), with a "
10152 "wider type for the I<offset> argument. The glibc B<sendfile>() wrapper "
10153 "function transparently deals with the kernel differences."
10155 "元々の Linux B<sendfile>() システムコールは大きなファイルオフセットを\n"
10156 "扱えるように設計されていなかった。その結果、Linux 2.4 で、\n"
10157 "ビット幅の大きな I<offset> 引き数を持った B<sendfile64>() が追加された。\n"
10158 "glibc の B<sendfile>() のラッパー関数はカーネルによるこの違いを吸収している。"
10160 #. type: Plain text
10161 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:192
10163 "Applications may wish to fall back to B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) in the case "
10164 "where B<sendfile>() fails with B<EINVAL> or B<ENOSYS>."
10166 "B<sendfile>() が B<EINVAL> や B<ENOSYS> で失敗するような場合は、 アプリケー"
10167 "ションは B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) に戻すことを考えてもよいかもしれない。"
10169 #. type: Plain text
10170 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197
10172 "The Linux-specific B<splice>(2) call supports transferring data between "
10173 "arbitrary files (e.g., a pair of sockets)."
10175 "Linux 固有の B<splice>(2) システムコールは、任意のファイル間 (例えば、\n"
10176 "ソケット同士) でのデータ転送をサポートしている。"
10178 #. type: Plain text
10179 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:202
10180 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
10181 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
10184 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
10186 msgid "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
10187 msgstr "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
10190 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
10193 msgstr "2012-07-19"
10195 #. type: Plain text
10196 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28
10197 msgid "set_tid_address - set pointer to thread ID"
10198 msgstr "set_tid_address - スレッド ID へのポインタを設定する"
10200 #. type: Plain text
10201 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:31
10203 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
10204 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
10206 #. type: Plain text
10207 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:33
10209 msgid "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
10210 msgstr "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
10212 #. type: Plain text
10213 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
10215 "For each process, the kernel maintains two attributes (addresses) called "
10216 "I<set_child_tid> and I<clear_child_tid>. These two attributes contain the "
10217 "value NULL by default."
10219 "各プロセスについて、カーネルは I<set_child_tid> と I<clear_child_tid> という "
10220 "2 つの属性を保持する。この 2 つの属性はデフォルトでは NULL である。"
10223 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
10225 msgid "I<set_child_tid>"
10226 msgstr "I<set_child_tid>"
10228 #. type: Plain text
10229 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:51
10231 "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> "
10232 "flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument of "
10233 "that system call."
10235 "プロセスが B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始さ"
10236 "れた場合、 I<set_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引き数"
10239 #. type: Plain text
10240 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
10242 "When I<set_child_tid> is set, the very first thing the new process does is "
10243 "writing its PID at this address."
10245 "I<set_child_tid> が設定された場合、一番最初に新しいプロセスが行うことは、 こ"
10246 "のアドレスに自身の PID を書き込むことである。"
10249 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
10251 msgid "I<clear_child_tid>"
10252 msgstr "I<clear_child_tid>"
10254 #. type: Plain text
10255 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:67
10257 "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> "
10258 "flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument "
10259 "of that system call."
10261 "プロセスが B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始"
10262 "された場合、 I<clear_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引"
10265 #. type: Plain text
10266 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:74
10268 "The system call B<set_tid_address>() sets the I<clear_child_tid> value for "
10269 "the calling process to I<tidptr>."
10271 "システムコール B<set_tid_address>() は呼び出し元プロセスの "
10272 "I<clear_child_tid> の値を I<tidptr> に設定する。"
10274 #. type: Plain text
10275 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:82
10277 "When a process whose I<clear_child_tid> is not NULL terminates, then, if the "
10278 "process is sharing memory with other processes or threads, then 0 is written "
10279 "at the address specified in I<clear_child_tid> and the kernel performs the "
10280 "following operation:"
10281 msgstr "I<clear_child_tid> が NULL でないプロセスが終了すると、そのプロセスが他のプロセスまたはスレッドとメモリを共有していれば、 I<clear_child_tid> で指定されたアドレスに 0 が書き込まれ、カーネルは以下の処理を実行する。"
10283 #. type: Plain text
10284 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:84
10286 msgid " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
10287 msgstr " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
10289 #. type: Plain text
10290 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
10292 "The effect of this operation is to wake a single process that is performing "
10293 "a futex wait on the memory location. Errors from the futex wake operation "
10295 msgstr "この処理の結果、このメモリアドレスに対する futex wait を実行しているプロセスを一つ起こす (wake)。 futex wake 操作でのエラーは無視される。"
10297 #. type: Plain text
10298 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
10299 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always returns the PID of the calling process."
10300 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に現在のプロセスの PID を返す。"
10302 #. type: Plain text
10303 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
10304 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always succeeds."
10305 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に成功する。"
10307 #. type: Plain text
10308 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97
10310 "This call is present since Linux 2.5.48. Details as given here are valid "
10311 "since Linux 2.5.49."
10313 "この呼び出しは Linux 2.5.48 以降で存在する。 ここで書かれた詳細は Linux "
10316 #. type: Plain text
10317 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:102
10318 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2)"
10319 msgstr "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2)"
10322 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26
10328 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
10331 msgstr "2012-05-04"
10333 #. type: Plain text
10334 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:29
10335 msgid "splice - splice data to/from a pipe"
10336 msgstr "splice - パイプとの間でデータを継ぎ合わせる"
10338 #. type: Plain text
10339 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:33 build/C/man2/tee.2:33
10342 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
10343 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
10345 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
10346 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
10348 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
10349 #. type: Plain text
10350 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:38
10353 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
10354 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
10356 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
10357 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
10359 #. type: Plain text
10360 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:50
10362 "B<splice>() moves data between two file descriptors without copying between "
10363 "kernel address space and user address space. It transfers up to I<len> "
10364 "bytes of data from the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the file descriptor "
10365 "I<fd_out>, where one of the descriptors must refer to a pipe."
10367 "B<splice>() は、カーネルアドレス空間とユーザアドレス空間との間のコピーを伴わ"
10368 "ずに、 2 つのファイルディスクリプタ間でデータの移動を行う。 ファイルディスク"
10369 "リプタ I<fd_in> からファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_out> へ最大 I<len> バイトを転"
10370 "送する。 2 つのファイルディスクリプタのうち一つは パイプを参照していなければ"
10373 #. type: Plain text
10374 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:80
10376 "If I<fd_in> refers to a pipe, then I<off_in> must be NULL. If I<fd_in> does "
10377 "not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is NULL, then bytes are read from I<fd_in> "
10378 "starting from the current file offset, and the current file offset is "
10379 "adjusted appropriately. If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> "
10380 "is not NULL, then I<off_in> must point to a buffer which specifies the "
10381 "starting offset from which bytes will be read from I<fd_in>; in this case, "
10382 "the current file offset of I<fd_in> is not changed. Analogous statements "
10383 "apply for I<fd_out> and I<off_out>."
10385 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照している場合、 I<off_in> は NULL でなければならない。 "
10386 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL の場合、 I<fd_in> の現"
10387 "在のファイルオフセットから始まるバイトを読み出す。 現在のファイルオフセットは"
10388 "適切に調整される。 I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL でな"
10389 "い場合、 I<off_in> は I<fd_in> からのデータ読み出しを開始する先頭オフセットを"
10390 "格納したバッファ へのポインタでなければならない。この場合、 I<fd_in> の現在の"
10391 "ファイルオフセットは変更されない。 I<fd_out> と I<off_out> に関しても同様であ"
10394 #. type: Plain text
10395 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:85 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
10397 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together zero "
10398 "or more of the following values:"
10400 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
10403 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:85 build/C/man2/tee.2:62 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
10405 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
10406 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
10408 #. type: Plain text
10409 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:98
10411 "Attempt to move pages instead of copying. This is only a hint to the "
10412 "kernel: pages may still be copied if the kernel cannot move the pages from "
10413 "the pipe, or if the pipe buffers don't refer to full pages. The initial "
10414 "implementation of this flag was buggy: therefore starting in Linux 2.6.21 it "
10415 "is a no-op (but is still permitted in a B<splice>() call); in the future, a "
10416 "correct implementation may be restored."
10418 "ページのコピーでなく移動を試みる。 これはカーネルに対するヒントでしかない。 "
10419 "つまり、カーネルがパイプからページを移動できない場合や、 パイプバッファがペー"
10420 "ジ全部を参照していない場合は、 ページのコピーが行われることもある。 このフラ"
10421 "グの最初の実装にはバグがあった。そのため、 Linux 2.6.21 以降ではこのフラグの"
10422 "操作はできないようになっている (ただし、 B<splice>() コールでこのフラグを指"
10423 "定することは今も認められている)。 将来、正しい実装が行われることだろう。"
10426 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:98 build/C/man2/tee.2:68 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
10428 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
10429 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
10431 #. type: Plain text
10432 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:107
10434 "Do not block on I/O. This makes the splice pipe operations nonblocking, but "
10435 "B<splice>() may nevertheless block because the file descriptors that are "
10436 "spliced to/from may block (unless they have the B<O_NONBLOCK> flag set)."
10438 "入出力時に停止 (block) しない。 このフラグを指定すると、 splice によるパイプ"
10439 "操作を非停止モード (nonblocking) で 行おうとするが、その場合でも B<splice>"
10440 "() は停止することもある。なぜなら、データのやり取りを行う ファイルディスクリ"
10441 "プタは (B<O_NONBLOCK> フラグをセットされていない場合) 停止する可能性があるか"
10445 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:107 build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
10447 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
10448 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
10450 #. type: Plain text
10451 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:121
10453 "More data will be coming in a subsequent splice. This is a helpful hint "
10454 "when the I<fd_out> refers to a socket (see also the description of "
10455 "B<MSG_MORE> in B<send>(2), and the description of B<TCP_CORK> in B<tcp>(7))"
10457 "この後の splice でさらに転送されるデータがあることを示す。 このフラグは "
10458 "I<fd_out> がソケットを参照している場合に有用なヒントとなる (B<send>(2) の "
10459 "B<MSG_MORE> や B<tcp>(7) の B<TCP_CORK> の説明も参照)。"
10462 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:121 build/C/man2/tee.2:79 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
10464 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
10465 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
10467 #. type: Plain text
10468 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:127
10469 msgid "Unused for B<splice>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
10470 msgstr "B<splice>() では使用しない。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
10472 #. type: Plain text
10473 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:136
10475 "Upon successful completion, B<splice>() returns the number of bytes spliced "
10476 "to or from the pipe. A return value of 0 means that there was no data to "
10477 "transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because there are no writers "
10478 "connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by I<fd_in>."
10480 "成功して完了すると、 B<splice>() はパイプから出し入れしたバイト数を返す。 返"
10481 "り値 0 はデータの転送が行わなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) "
10482 "しても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続さ"
10485 #. type: Plain text
10486 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:142
10488 "On error, B<splice>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
10490 "エラーの場合、 B<splice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定す"
10493 #. type: Plain text
10494 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:147
10496 "One or both file descriptors are not valid, or do not have proper read-write "
10499 "ファイルディスクリプタの一方または両方が有効ではない、 もしくは適切な read-"
10502 #. The append-mode error is given since 2.6.27; in earlier kernels,
10503 #. splice() in append mode was broken
10504 #. type: Plain text
10505 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:155
10507 "Target file system doesn't support splicing; target file is opened in append "
10508 "mode; neither of the descriptors refers to a pipe; or offset given for "
10509 "nonseekable device."
10511 "対象のファイルシステムが splice に対応していない、 または対象のファイルが追記"
10512 "モードでオープンされている、 またはディスクリプタのどちらもパイプを参照してい"
10513 "ない、 または seek できないデバイスに対してオフセットが指定された。"
10515 #. type: Plain text
10516 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:158 build/C/man2/tee.2:114
10517 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
10518 msgid "Out of memory."
10522 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:158
10527 #. type: Plain text
10528 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:165
10530 "Either I<off_in> or I<off_out> was not NULL, but the corresponding file "
10531 "descriptor refers to a pipe."
10533 "I<off_in> か I<off_out> のいずれかが NULL ではないが、対応するファイルディス"
10534 "クリプタが パイプを参照している。"
10536 #. type: Plain text
10537 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:170
10539 "The B<splice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
10540 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
10542 "B<splice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
10543 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
10545 #. type: Plain text
10546 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:182
10548 "The three system calls B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), and B<tee>(2), provide "
10549 "user-space programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer, "
10550 "implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that is used for "
10551 "a pipe. In overview, these system calls perform the following tasks:"
10553 "3 つのシステムコール (B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), B<tee>(2)) を使うと、ユー"
10554 "ザ空間プログラムは任意のカーネルバッファに対する 完全な制御ができる。カーネル"
10555 "バッファは、パイプに使用されているのと 同種のバッファを使ってカーネル内に実装"
10556 "されている。 大まかにいうと、これらのシステムコールは以下の仕事を行う:"
10559 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:182
10561 msgid "B<splice>()"
10562 msgstr "B<splice>()"
10564 #. type: Plain text
10565 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:186
10567 "moves data from the buffer to an arbitrary file descriptor, or vice versa, "
10568 "or from one buffer to another."
10570 "バッファから任意のファイルディスクリプタや、その逆方向、 もしくはあるバッファ"
10571 "から別のバッファへの、データ移動を行う。"
10574 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:186
10579 #. type: Plain text
10580 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:189
10581 msgid "\"copies\" the data from one buffer to another."
10582 msgstr "あるバッファから別のバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
10585 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:189
10587 msgid "B<vmsplice>(2)"
10588 msgstr "B<vmsplice>(2)"
10590 #. type: Plain text
10591 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:192
10592 msgid "\"copies\" data from user space into the buffer."
10593 msgstr "ユーザ空間からバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
10595 #. Linus: Now, imagine using the above in a media server, for example.
10596 #. Let's say that a year or two has passed, so that the video drivers
10597 #. have been updated to be able to do the splice thing, and what can
10598 #. you do? You can:
10599 #. - splice from the (mpeg or whatever - let's just assume that the video
10600 #. input is either digital or does the encoding on its own - like they
10601 #. pretty much all do) video input into a pipe (remember: no copies - the
10602 #. video input will just DMA directly into memory, and splice will just
10603 #. set up the pages in the pipe buffer)
10604 #. - tee that pipe to split it up
10605 #. - splice one end to a file (ie "save the compressed stream to disk")
10606 #. - splice the other end to a real-time video decoder window for your
10607 #. real-time viewing pleasure.
10608 #. Linus: Now, the advantage of splice()/tee() is that you can
10609 #. do zero-copy movement of data, and unlike sendfile() you can
10610 #. do it on _arbitrary_ data (and, as shown by "tee()", it's more
10611 #. than just sending the data to somebody else: you can duplicate
10612 #. the data and choose to forward it to two or more different
10613 #. users - for things like logging etc.).
10614 #. type: Plain text
10615 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:223
10617 "Though we talk of copying, actual copies are generally avoided. The kernel "
10618 "does this by implementing a pipe buffer as a set of reference-counted "
10619 "pointers to pages of kernel memory. The kernel creates \"copies\" of pages "
10620 "in a buffer by creating new pointers (for the output buffer) referring to "
10621 "the pages, and increasing the reference counts for the pages: only pointers "
10622 "are copied, not the pages of the buffer."
10624 "ここではコピーの話をしているが、実際のコピーは一般的に回避される。 カーネル"
10625 "は、パイプ・バッファをカーネルメモリのページへのポインタ集合として 実装し、"
10626 "ページへの参照回数を管理することで、これを実現している。 カーネルは、対象とな"
10627 "るページを参照する (出力バッファ用の) ポインタを 新規に作成することでバッファ"
10628 "内のページの「コピー」を作成し、 そのページの参照回数を増やす。つまり、ポイン"
10629 "タだけがコピーされ、 バッファのページはコピーされない。"
10631 #. type: Plain text
10632 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:226
10633 msgid "See B<tee>(2)."
10634 msgstr "B<tee>(2) 参照。"
10636 #. type: Plain text
10637 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:230
10638 msgid "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
10639 msgstr "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
10642 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26
10647 #. type: Plain text
10648 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29
10649 msgid "tee - duplicating pipe content"
10650 msgstr "tee - パイプの中身を複製する"
10652 #. type: Plain text
10653 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:36
10655 msgid "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
10656 msgstr "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
10658 #. Example programs http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps
10659 #. add a "tee(in, out1, out2)" system call that duplicates the pages
10660 #. (again, incrementing their reference count, not copying the data) from
10661 #. one pipe to two other pipes.
10662 #. type: Plain text
10663 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:56
10665 "B<tee>() duplicates up to I<len> bytes of data from the pipe referred to by "
10666 "the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the pipe referred to by the file descriptor "
10667 "I<fd_out>. It does not consume the data that is duplicated from I<fd_in>; "
10668 "therefore, that data can be copied by a subsequent B<splice>(2)."
10670 "B<tee>() は、ファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_in> が参照するパイプからファイル"
10671 "ディスクリプタ I<fd_out> が参照するパイプへ最大 I<len> バイトのデータを複製す"
10672 "る。 この操作では、複製されるデータは I<fd_in> からは消費されない。したがっ"
10673 "て、これらのデータをこの後の B<splice>(2) でコピーすることができる。"
10675 #. type: Plain text
10676 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:62
10678 "I<flags> is a series of modifier flags, which share the name space with "
10679 "B<splice>(2) and B<vmsplice>(2):"
10681 "I<flags> は一連の修飾フラグであり、 B<splice>(2) や B<vmsplice>(2) と共通の"
10684 #. type: Plain text
10685 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:68
10686 msgid "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(); see B<splice>(2)."
10687 msgstr "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もない。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
10689 #. Not used for vmsplice
10690 #. May be in the future -- therefore EAGAIN
10691 #. type: Plain text
10692 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
10693 msgid "Do not block on I/O; see B<splice>(2) for further details."
10694 msgstr "入出力で停止 (block) しない。詳細は B<splice>(2) 参照。"
10696 #. type: Plain text
10697 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:79
10699 "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(), but may be implemented in the future; "
10700 "see B<splice>(2)."
10702 "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性があ"
10703 "る。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
10705 #. type: Plain text
10706 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:85
10707 msgid "Unused for B<tee>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
10708 msgstr "B<tee>() では未使用。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
10710 #. type: Plain text
10711 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:94
10713 "Upon successful completion, B<tee>() returns the number of bytes that were "
10714 "duplicated between the input and output. A return value of 0 means that "
10715 "there was no data to transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because "
10716 "there are no writers connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by "
10719 "成功して完了すると、 B<tee>() は入出力間で複製されたバイト数を返す。 返り値 "
10720 "0 はデータの転送が行われなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) し"
10721 "ても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続され"
10724 #. type: Plain text
10725 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:100
10727 "On error, B<tee>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
10729 "エラーの場合、 B<tee>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定する。"
10731 #. type: Plain text
10732 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:111
10734 "I<fd_in> or I<fd_out> does not refer to a pipe; or I<fd_in> and I<fd_out> "
10735 "refer to the same pipe."
10737 "I<fd_in> と I<fd_out> のどちらかがパイプを参照していない。もしくは I<fd_in> "
10738 "と I<fd_out> が同じパイプを参照している。"
10740 #. type: Plain text
10741 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:119
10743 "The B<tee>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
10744 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
10746 "B<tee>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
10747 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
10749 #. type: Plain text
10750 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:130
10752 "Conceptually, B<tee>() copies the data between the two pipes. In reality "
10753 "no real data copying takes place though: under the covers, B<tee>() assigns "
10754 "data in the output by merely grabbing a reference to the input."
10756 "概念としては、 B<tee>() は二つのパイプ間でデータのコピーを行う。 しかし、実"
10757 "際には実データのコピーは行われない。 内部では、 B<tee>() は入力側に対する参"
10758 "照だけを作成することで出力側にデータを 追加する。"
10760 #. type: Plain text
10761 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:136
10763 "The following example implements a basic B<tee>(1) program using the B<tee>"
10766 "以下の例は、 B<tee>() システムコールを使って、 基本的な B<tee>(1) プログラ"
10769 #. type: Plain text
10770 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:145
10773 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
10774 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
10775 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
10776 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
10777 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
10778 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
10779 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
10781 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
10782 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
10783 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
10784 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
10785 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
10786 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
10787 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
10789 #. type: Plain text
10790 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:151
10794 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
10797 " int len, slen;\n"
10800 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
10803 " int len, slen;\n"
10805 #. type: Plain text
10806 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:156
10809 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
10810 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
10811 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10814 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
10815 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
10816 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10819 #. type: Plain text
10820 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:162
10823 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
10824 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
10825 " perror(\"open\");\n"
10826 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10829 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
10830 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
10831 " perror(\"open\");\n"
10832 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10835 #. type: Plain text
10836 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:169
10841 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
10843 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
10844 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
10848 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
10850 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
10851 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
10853 #. type: Plain text
10854 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:178
10857 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
10858 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
10860 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
10861 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10866 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
10867 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
10869 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
10870 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10875 #. type: Plain text
10876 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:192
10880 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
10882 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
10883 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
10884 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
10885 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
10886 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
10894 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
10896 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
10897 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
10898 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
10899 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
10900 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
10907 #. type: Plain text
10908 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:196
10912 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
10916 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
10919 #. type: Plain text
10920 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:200
10921 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
10922 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
10925 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
10931 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
10934 msgstr "2009-02-20"
10936 #. type: Plain text
10937 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:29
10938 msgid "vm86old, vm86 - enter virtual 8086 mode"
10939 msgstr "vm86old, vm86 - 仮想 8086 モードへ移行する"
10941 #. type: Plain text
10942 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:31
10943 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
10944 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
10946 #. type: Plain text
10947 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:33
10948 msgid "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
10949 msgstr "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
10951 #. type: Plain text
10952 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:35
10953 msgid "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
10955 "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
10957 #. type: Plain text
10958 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:46
10960 "The system call B<vm86>() was introduced in Linux 0.97p2. In Linux 2.1.15 "
10961 "and 2.0.28 it was renamed to B<vm86old>(), and a new B<vm86>() was "
10962 "introduced. The definition of I<struct vm86_struct> was changed in 1.1.8 "
10965 "B<vm86>() システムコールは Linux 0.97p2 で導入された。 これは Linux 2.1.15 "
10966 "と 2.0.28 で B<vm86old>() に名前が変更され、 新しい B<vm86>() が導入され"
10967 "た。 I<struct vm86_struct> の定義は 1.1.8 と 1.1.9 で変更された。"
10969 #. type: Plain text
10970 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:50
10972 "These calls cause the process to enter VM86 mode (virtual-8086 in Intel "
10973 "literature), and are used by B<dosemu>."
10975 "これらのコールによってプロセスは VM86 モード (Intel の文書では仮想 8086 モー"
10976 "ド) へと移行する。 これらのコールは B<dosemu> で使用される。"
10978 #. type: Plain text
10979 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:52
10980 msgid "VM86 mode is an emulation of real mode within a protected mode task."
10982 "VM86 モードはプロテクトモードタスクにおける リアルモードのエミュレーションで"
10985 #. type: Plain text
10986 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:62
10988 "This return value is specific to i386 and indicates a problem with getting "
10991 "この返り値は i386 固有のものであり、 ユーザー空間のデータを取得する際に問題が"
10994 #. type: Plain text
10995 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:66
10997 "This return value indicates the call is not implemented on the present "
11000 "この返り値は、このコールが現在のアーキテクチャで実装されていないことを示す。"
11002 #. type: Plain text
11003 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:71
11005 "Saved kernel stack exists. (This is a kernel sanity check; the saved stack "
11006 "should exist only within vm86 mode itself.)"
11008 "保存されたカーネルスタックが既に存在している。(これはカーネルが通常の 状態で"
11009 "あるかをチェックしている。保存されたスタックは vm86 モードで しか存在しな"
11012 #. type: Plain text
11013 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:74
11015 "This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors, and should not be "
11016 "used in programs intended to be portable."
11018 "この関数は 32 ビット Intel プロセッサ上の Linux 特有の関数であり、 移植を意図"
11019 "したプログラムでは使用すべきでない。"
11022 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
11027 #. type: Plain text
11028 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
11029 msgid "vmsplice - splice user pages into a pipe"
11030 msgstr "vmsplice - ユーザ・ページをパイプに継ぎ合わせる"
11032 #. type: Plain text
11033 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:34
11036 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
11037 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
11038 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
11040 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
11041 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
11042 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
11044 #. type: Plain text
11045 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:37
11048 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
11049 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11051 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
11052 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11054 #. Linus: vmsplice() system call to basically do a "write to
11055 #. the buffer", but using the reference counting and VM traversal
11056 #. to actually fill the buffer. This means that the user needs to
11057 #. be careful not to reuse the user-space buffer it spliced into
11058 #. the kernel-space one (contrast this to "write()", which copies
11059 #. the actual data, and you can thus reuse the buffer immediately
11060 #. after a successful write), but that is often easy to do.
11061 #. type: Plain text
11062 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:57
11064 "The B<vmsplice>() system call maps I<nr_segs> ranges of user memory "
11065 "described by I<iov> into a pipe. The file descriptor I<fd> must refer to a "
11068 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは、 I<iov> で指定されたユーザ・メモリの "
11069 "I<nr_segs> の範囲をパイプにマッピングする。 I<fd> はパイプを参照していなけれ"
11072 #. type: Plain text
11073 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:64
11075 "The pointer I<iov> points to an array of I<iovec> structures as defined in "
11076 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>:"
11078 "ポインタ I<iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列を指す。 I<iovec> 構造体は "
11079 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
11081 #. type: Plain text
11082 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:71
11086 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
11087 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes */\n"
11091 " void *iov_base; /* 開始アドレス */\n"
11092 " size_t iov_len; /* バイト数 */\n"
11095 #. type: Plain text
11096 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
11097 msgid "Unused for B<vmsplice>(); see B<splice>(2)."
11098 msgstr "B<vmsplice>() では未使用。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
11100 #. type: Plain text
11101 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
11103 "Currently has no effect for B<vmsplice>(), but may be implemented in the "
11104 "future; see B<splice>(2)."
11106 "現在のところ B<vmsplice>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性"
11107 "がある。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
11109 #. FIXME Explain the following line in a little more detail:
11110 #. .... if we expect to later SPLICE_F_MOVE to the cache.
11111 #. type: Plain text
11112 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
11114 "The user pages are a gift to the kernel. The application may not modify "
11115 "this memory ever, or page cache and on-disk data may differ. Gifting pages "
11116 "to the kernel means that a subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> can "
11117 "successfully move the pages; if this flag is not specified, then a "
11118 "subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> must copy the pages. Data must "
11119 "also be properly page aligned, both in memory and length."
11121 "ユーザ・ページがカーネルへ渡すもの (gift) であることを示す。 アプリケーション"
11122 "はこのメモリを絶対に変更してはならない。 さもなければ、ページキャッシュとディ"
11123 "スク上のデータは 一致しなくなるだろう。 ページをカーネルに渡すと、この次の "
11124 "B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でそのページの移動を行うことができる。 このフ"
11125 "ラグが指定されなかった場合、この次の B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でその"
11126 "ページのコピーを行わなければならない。 データはメモリ上でページ境界にあってい"
11127 "なければならず、 長さもページ境界の倍数でなければならない。"
11129 #. type: Plain text
11130 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
11132 "Upon successful completion, B<vmsplice>() returns the number of bytes "
11133 "transferred to the pipe. On error, B<vmsplice>() returns -1 and I<errno> "
11134 "is set to indicate the error."
11136 "成功して完了すると、 B<vmsplice>() はパイプに転送したバイト数を返す。 エラー"
11137 "の場合、 B<vmplice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
11139 #. type: Plain text
11140 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
11141 msgid "I<fd> either not valid, or doesn't refer to a pipe."
11142 msgstr "I<fd> が有効でない、もしくはパイプを参照していない。"
11144 #. type: Plain text
11145 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
11147 "I<nr_segs> is 0 or greater than B<IOV_MAX>; or memory not aligned if "
11148 "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> set."
11150 "I<nr_segs> が 0 もしくは B<IOV_MAX> よりも大きい。または B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> が"
11151 "設定されたがメモリがページ境界にあっていない。"
11153 #. type: Plain text
11154 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:143
11156 "The B<vmsplice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library "
11157 "support was added to glibc in version 2.5."
11159 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
11160 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
11162 #. type: Plain text
11163 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:154
11165 "B<vmsplice>() follows the other vectorized read/write type functions when "
11166 "it comes to limitations on number of segments being passed in. This limit "
11167 "is B<IOV_MAX> as defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>>. At the time of this "
11168 "writing, that limit is 1024."
11170 "指定されたセグメント数が上限に達した場合、 B<vmsplice>() は他のベクトル形式"
11171 "の read/write を行う関数と同じ動作をする。 上限は B<IOV_MAX> であり、 "
11172 "I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> で定義されている。 このドキュメントを書いた時点での値"
11175 #. type: Plain text
11176 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:157
11177 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
11178 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
11181 #~ "Depending on which operation was executed, the returned value for a "
11182 #~ "successful call can have differing meanings."
11183 #~ msgstr "どの操作が実行されたかによって、 成功時の返り値の意味が変わる。"
11186 #~ "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. In case of "
11187 #~ "timeout, the operation fails with the error B<ETIMEDOUT>. If the futex "
11188 #~ "was not equal to the expected value, the operation fails with the error "
11189 #~ "B<EWOULDBLOCK>. Signals (see B<signal>(7)) or other spurious wakeups "
11190 #~ "cause B<FUTEX_WAIT> to fail with the error B<EINTR>."
11192 #~ "プロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> の呼び出しで wake すると 0 を返す。 タイムアウト"
11193 #~ "の場合、操作はエラー B<ETIMEOUT> で失敗する。 futex が指定された値と等しく"
11194 #~ "ない場合、 エラー B<EWOULDBLOCK> で失敗する。 シグナルを受信するか "
11195 #~ "(B<signal>(7) 参照) 他の偽の wake があった場合には、エラー B<EINTR> で失"
11198 #~ msgid "An operation was not defined or error in page alignment."
11200 #~ "操作が定義されていない。またはページ・アラインメントでエラーが発生した。"
11204 #~| "Indicates that this process is to be traced by its parent. Any signal "
11205 #~| "(except B<SIGKILL>) delivered to this process will cause it to stop and "
11206 #~| "its parent to be notified via B<wait>(2). Also, all subsequent calls to "
11207 #~| "B<execve>(2) by this process will cause a B<SIGTRAP> to be sent to it, "
11208 #~| "giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program begins "
11209 #~| "execution. A process probably shouldn't make this request if its parent "
11210 #~| "isn't expecting to trace it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
11212 #~ "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. Any signal "
11213 #~ "(except B<SIGKILL>) delivered to this process will cause it to stop and "
11214 #~ "its parent to be notified via B<waitpid>(2). In addition, all subsequent "
11215 #~ "calls to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause a B<SIGTRAP> to "
11216 #~ "be sent to it, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new "
11217 #~ "program begins execution. A process probably shouldn't make this request "
11218 #~ "if its parent isn't expecting to trace it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> "
11221 #~ "このプロセスが親プロセスによってトレースされることを表す。 このプロセスに "
11222 #~ "(B<SIGKILL> 以外の) シグナルが配送されると、 プロセスは停止し、親プロセス"
11223 #~ "に B<wait>(2) を通じて通知される。 また、これ以降はこのプロセスが "
11224 #~ "B<execve>(2) を呼び出す度に B<SIGTRAP> が送信されるようになる。 これに"
11225 #~ "よって、親プロセスは 新しいプログラムが実行を開始する前に制御することがで"
11226 #~ "きる。 親プロセスが自プロセスをトレースするつもりがない場合には、 おそらく"
11227 #~ "このプロセスは本要求を行うべきではないだろう。 (I<pid>, I<addr>, I<data> "
11231 #~ "Stop the child at the next B<execve>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
11232 #~ "PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
11234 #~ "次の B<execve>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>"
11235 #~ "\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
11238 #~ "Stop the child at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2) call with "
11239 #~ "I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
11241 #~ "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ "
11242 #~ "E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
11245 #~ "Attaches to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a traced \"child\" "
11246 #~ "of the calling process; the behavior of the child is as if it had done a "
11247 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. The calling process actually becomes the parent of "
11248 #~ "the child process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive notification "
11249 #~ "of child events and appears in B<ps>(1) output as the child's parent), "
11250 #~ "but a B<getppid>(2) by the child will still return the PID of the "
11251 #~ "original parent. The child is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not "
11252 #~ "necessarily have stopped by the completion of this call; use B<wait>(2) "
11253 #~ "to wait for the child to stop. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
11255 #~ "I<pid> で指定されたプロセスに接続 (attach) し、それを呼び出し元のプロセス"
11256 #~ "の 子プロセスとしてトレースできるようにする。子プロセスは "
11257 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> したかのように振舞う。呼び出し元のプロセスはそのほとんど"
11258 #~ "の目的において、 その子プロセスの実際の親になる (例えば、子プロセスのイベ"
11259 #~ "ントの 通知を受けとったり、 B<ps>(1) で親として表示されたりする)。しか"
11260 #~ "し、子プロセスで B<getppid>(2) を実行した場合には元の親プロセスの PID が"
11261 #~ "返される。 子プロセスには B<SIGSTOP> が送られるが、この呼び出しが完了する"
11262 #~ "までに 必ずしも停止するとは限らない。子プロセスの停止を待つには B<wait>"
11263 #~ "(2) を使用すること。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
11266 #~ "Tracing causes a few subtle differences in the semantics of traced "
11267 #~ "processes. For example, if a process is attached to with "
11268 #~ "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, its original parent can no longer receive notification "
11269 #~ "via B<wait>(2) when it stops, and there is no way for the new parent to "
11270 #~ "effectively simulate this notification."
11272 #~ "トレースすることによってトレースされるプロセスの動作に些細な違いが 起こる"
11273 #~ "ことがある。例えば、プロセスが B<PTRACE_ATTACH> によって接続された場合に"
11274 #~ "は、そのプロセスが停止した時でも本来の親は B<wait>(2) を使って通知を受け"
11275 #~ "ることができず、新しい親が効率よく この通知を真似る方法もない。"
11278 #~ "When the parent receives an event with B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> set, the child "
11279 #~ "is not in the normal signal delivery path. This means the parent cannot "
11280 #~ "do B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) with a signal or B<ptrace>(PTRACE_KILL). "
11281 #~ "B<kill>(2) with a B<SIGKILL> signal can be used instead to kill the "
11282 #~ "child process after receiving one of these messages."
11284 #~ "親プロセスが B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> がセットされたイベントを受信した場合、 子プ"
11285 #~ "ロセスは通常通りのシグナル配送が行われる状態にない。 つまり、親プロセス"
11286 #~ "が、 シグナルにより B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) を行ったり、 B<ptrace>"
11287 #~ "(PTRACE_KILL) を行ったりできないということである。 こららのメッセージの受"
11288 #~ "信後は、子プロセスを終了 (kill) するのに、 シグナル B<SIGKILL> を指定して "
11289 #~ "B<kill>(2) を行う方法を代わりに使用できる。"
11292 #~ "The SunOS man page describes B<ptrace>() as \"unique and arcane\", which "
11293 #~ "it is. The proc-based debugging interface present in Solaris 2 "
11294 #~ "implements a superset of B<ptrace>() functionality in a more powerful "
11295 #~ "and uniform way."
11297 #~ "SunOS のマニュアル・ページには B<ptrace>() は「独特で不可解」と記述されて"
11298 #~ "おり、まさしくそうである。 Solaris 2 では proc ベースの デバッグのインター"
11299 #~ "フェースとして B<ptrace>() の上位互換関数が実装され、より強力で一貫性のあ"
11303 #~ "The second argument I<special> is the block special device these quota "
11304 #~ "apply to. It must be mounted."
11306 #~ "二番目の引き数 I<special> は quota を適用するデバイスのブロック・スペシャ"
11307 #~ "ル・ファイルである。 そのデバイスはマウントされていなくてはならない。"
11310 #~ "The third argument I<id> is the user or group ID these quota apply to "
11311 #~ "(when relevant)."
11313 #~ "三番目の引き数 I<id> には、(必要な場合に) quota を適用するユーザーもしくは"
11314 #~ "グループの ID を指定する。"
11317 #~ "The fourth argument I<addr> is the address of a data structure, depending "
11318 #~ "on the command."
11320 #~ "四番目の引き数 I<addr> には、コマンドごとに異ったデータ構造体のアドレスを"
11324 #~ "Enable quota. The I<addr> argument is the pathname of the file "
11325 #~ "containing the quota for the file system."
11327 #~ "quota を有効にする。 I<addr> 引き数には、そのファイル・システムの quota が"
11328 #~ "記録されているファイルの パス名を指定する。"
11330 #~ msgid "Disable quota."
11331 #~ msgstr "quota を無効にする。"
11333 #~ msgid "Set limits and current usage; I<addr> is as before."
11334 #~ msgstr "制限値と現在の使用量を設定する: I<addr> は同上。"
11336 #~ msgid "Set limits; I<addr> is as before."
11337 #~ msgstr "制限値を設定する; I<addr> は同上。"
11339 #~ msgid "Set usage."
11340 #~ msgstr "使用量を設定する。"
11342 #~ msgid "Sync disk copy of a file system's quota."
11343 #~ msgstr "ファイル・システムの quota ファイルをディスクと同期させる。"
11345 #~ msgid "Get collected stats."
11346 #~ msgstr "収集された統計を取得する。"
11349 #~ "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned, and "
11350 #~ "I<errno> is set appropriately."
11352 #~ "B<quotactl>() は、成功時には 0 を返す。エラー時は、-1 を返すとともに、 "
11353 #~ "I<errno> が適切な値に設定される。"
11355 #~ msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON> was asked, but quotas were enabled already."
11356 #~ msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON> の要求がなされたが、quota(s) は既に有効になっている。"
11358 #~ msgid "Bad I<addr> value."
11359 #~ msgstr "I<addr> の値に誤りがある。"
11362 #~ "I<type> is not a known quota type. Or, I<special> could not be found."
11364 #~ "I<type> が既知の quota の形式ではない。もしくは、 I<special> デバイスが見"
11367 #~ msgid "Cannot read or write the quota file."
11368 #~ msgstr "quota ファイルへの読み書きが出来ない。"
11370 #~ msgid "Too many open files: cannot open quota file."
11371 #~ msgstr "ファイルをオープンしすぎている: quota ファイルをオープン出来ない。"
11373 #~ msgid "I<special> cannot be found in the mount table."
11374 #~ msgstr "I<special> がマウント・テーブル内に見当たらない。"
11376 #~ msgid "The kernel was compiled without quota support."
11377 #~ msgstr "quota を使用可にしてカーネルをコンパイルしていない。"
11380 #~ "The process was not root (for the file system), and B<Q_GETQUOTA> was "
11381 #~ "asked for another I<id> than that of the process itself, or anything "
11382 #~ "other than B<Q_GETSTATS> or B<Q_SYNC> was asked."
11384 #~ "プロセスが (そのファイル・システムの) root のものではなく、 かつプロセス自"
11385 #~ "身のものとは異なる I<id> に対して B<Q_GETQUOTA> 要求を行なった。 もしく"
11386 #~ "は、 B<Q_GETSTATS>, B<Q_SYNC> 以外の要求がなされた。"
11389 #~ "B<Q_GETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETUSE> or B<Q_SETQLIM> was asked "
11390 #~ "for a file system that didn't have quota enabled."
11392 #~ "quota が有効になっていないファイル・システムに対して B<Q_GETQUOTA>, "
11393 #~ "B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<Q_SETUSE>, B<Q_SETQLIM> のいずれかの要求がなされた。"