1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
8 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
9 "POT-Creation-Date: 2015-01-23 22:24+0900\n"
10 "PO-Revision-Date: 2015-01-25 01:03+0900\n"
11 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
12 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
15 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
16 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
19 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
25 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
31 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
32 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
33 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
34 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
35 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
36 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
37 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
38 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46
39 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
40 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25 build/C/man2/splice.2:26
41 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
47 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
48 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
49 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
50 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:26
51 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
52 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32
53 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
54 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
55 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
56 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
57 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
59 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
60 msgstr "Linux Programmer's Manual"
63 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:26 build/C/man2/futex.2:54
64 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:30 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:28
65 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:28
66 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:9
67 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:9
68 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:28 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:28
69 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:33 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:11
70 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
71 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:20
72 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26 build/C/man2/splice.2:27
73 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:27 build/C/man2/vm86.2:27 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:27
79 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28
80 msgid "arch_prctl - set architecture-specific thread state"
81 msgstr "arch_prctl - アーキテクチャ固有のスレッド状態を設定する"
84 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28 build/C/man2/futex.2:56
85 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
86 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
87 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
88 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
89 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
90 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
91 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49
92 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
93 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28 build/C/man2/splice.2:29
94 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29 build/C/man2/vm86.2:29 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
100 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:31
102 msgid "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
103 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
106 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:33
108 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
109 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
112 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:36
115 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long >I<addr>B<);>\n"
116 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
117 msgstr "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
119 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
121 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:37 build/C/man2/futex.2:70
122 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:45 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40
123 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
124 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:18
125 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:62 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:22
126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39
127 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
128 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:66 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:56
129 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:38 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
130 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:34 build/C/man2/splice.2:39
131 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:38 build/C/man2/vm86.2:35 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:39
137 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:52
139 "The B<arch_prctl>() function sets architecture-specific process or thread "
140 "state. I<code> selects a subfunction and passes argument I<addr> to it; "
141 "I<addr> is interpreted as either an I<unsigned long> for the \"set\" "
142 "operations, or as an I<unsigned long\\ *>, for the \"get\" operations."
144 "B<arch_prctl>() 関数はアーキテクチャ固有のプロセス状態またはスレッド状態を設"
145 "定する。 I<code> は副機能を選択し、引き数 I<addr> を副機能に渡す。 I<addr> "
146 "は、\"set\" 操作では I<unsigned long> として、\"get\" 操作では I<unsigned "
147 "long\\ *> として解釈される。"
150 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
151 msgid "Subfunctions for x86-64 are:"
152 msgstr "x86-64 の副機能は以下の通り:"
155 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
157 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
158 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
161 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
162 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<FS> register to I<addr>."
163 msgstr "I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
166 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
168 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
169 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
172 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
174 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<FS> register of the current thread in "
175 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
177 "現在のスレッドの I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
178 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
181 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
183 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
184 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
187 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
188 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<GS> register to I<addr>."
189 msgstr "I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
192 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
194 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
195 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
198 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82
200 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<GS> register of the current thread in "
201 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
203 "現在のスレッドの I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
204 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
207 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82 build/C/man2/futex.2:216
208 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:78 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
209 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:117 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
210 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:53
211 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2551
212 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190 build/C/man2/personality.2:62
213 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
214 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1896 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
215 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
216 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:135 build/C/man2/tee.2:85 build/C/man2/vm86.2:54
217 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:117
223 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88
225 "On success, B<arch_prctl>() returns 0; on error, -1 is returned, and "
226 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
228 "成功すると、 B<arch_prctl>() は 0 を返す。エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 "
229 "I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
232 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88 build/C/man2/futex.2:241
233 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:85 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
234 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:124 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
235 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
236 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2557 build/C/man2/personality.2:69
237 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
238 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1911 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
239 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
240 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:150 build/C/man2/tee.2:100 build/C/man2/vm86.2:59
241 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:126
247 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:89 build/C/man2/futex.2:256
248 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:112 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:51
249 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:109 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2603
250 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:272
251 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1915 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:428
252 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125 build/C/man2/vm86.2:60
258 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93
260 "I<addr> points to an unmapped address or is outside the process address "
263 "I<addr> がアンマップされたアドレスを指しているか、プロセスのアドレス空間の外"
267 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93 build/C/man2/futex.2:268
268 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:89 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:129
269 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
270 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:78 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2608
271 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:70 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
272 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:246 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:257
273 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:261 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1926
274 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
275 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128 build/C/man2/splice.2:161
276 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:107 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:137
282 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97
283 msgid "I<code> is not a valid subcommand."
284 msgstr "I<code> が有効なサブコマンドでない。"
287 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:99
288 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:136 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
289 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2675
290 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:283
291 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1936 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
292 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
298 #. Man page written by Andi Kleen.
300 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103
301 msgid "I<addr> is outside the process address space."
302 msgstr "I<addr> がプロセスのアドレス空間の外にある。"
305 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103 build/C/man2/futex.2:303
306 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:145
307 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
308 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/outb.2:87
309 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2696
310 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199 build/C/man2/personality.2:73
311 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
312 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1954 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
313 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97 build/C/man2/splice.2:184
314 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:125 build/C/man2/vm86.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:153
316 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
320 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107
322 "B<arch_prctl>() is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in "
323 "programs intended to be portable."
325 "B<arch_prctl>() は Linux/x86-64 拡張であり、移植性を意図したプログラムでは使"
329 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107 build/C/man2/futex.2:305
330 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:118 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
331 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:147 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
332 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2701
333 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
334 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:297 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1956
335 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155 build/C/man2/splice.2:186
336 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:127 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:155
342 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:110
344 "B<arch_prctl>() is supported only on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs "
347 "B<arch_prctl>() は現在のところ Linux/x86-64 上の 64 ビットプログラムでのみサ"
351 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:112
352 msgid "The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded."
354 "新しい 32 ビットセグメントセレクタがロードされた場合、 64 ビットベースは変更"
358 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:115
359 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS> is disabled in some kernels."
360 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS> が無効にされているカーネルもある。"
363 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:130
365 "Context switches for 64-bit segment bases are rather expensive. It may be a "
366 "faster alternative to set a 32-bit base using a segment selector by setting "
367 "up an LDT with B<modify_ldt>(2) or using the B<set_thread_area>(2) system "
368 "call in kernel 2.5 or later. B<arch_prctl>() is needed only when you want "
369 "to set bases that are larger than 4GB. Memory in the first 2GB of address "
370 "space can be allocated by using B<mmap>(2) with the B<MAP_32BIT> flag."
372 "64 ビットセグメントベースのコンテキストスイッチは、やや高価である。 LDT を "
373 "B<modify_ldt>(2) で設定してセグメントセレクタを使うか、 (カーネル 2.5 以降"
374 "の) B<set_thread_area>(2) システムコールを使うことにより、 32 ビットベース"
375 "を設定するという高速な代替手段もある。 4GB より大きなベースを設定したい場合に"
376 "のみ、 B<arch_prctl>() が必要である。 アドレス空間の最初の 2GB にあるメモリ"
377 "は、 B<mmap>(2) に B<MAP_32BIT> フラグを指定して割り当てることができる。"
380 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:135
382 "As of version 2.7, glibc provides no prototype for B<arch_prctl>(). You "
383 "have to declare it yourself for now. This may be fixed in future glibc "
386 "バージョン 2.7 時点では、glibc には B<arch_prctl>() のプロトタイプがない。 "
387 "今のところユーザは自分自身で宣言する必要がある。 これは将来の glibc のバー"
391 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138
392 msgid "I<FS> may be already used by the threading library."
393 msgstr "I<FS> はスレッドライブラリで既に使われているかもしれない。"
396 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138 build/C/man2/futex.2:319
397 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:127 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
398 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136
399 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
400 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2832 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
401 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:347
402 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2122 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
403 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99
404 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:240 build/C/man2/tee.2:214
405 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
411 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:143
412 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
413 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
416 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145
417 msgid "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
418 msgstr "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
421 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145 build/C/man2/futex.2:333
422 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:136 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
423 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:165 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
424 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:60
425 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:116
426 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2838 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
427 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:77 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
428 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:350 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2137
429 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:203
430 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:103 build/C/man2/splice.2:244
431 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:217 build/C/man2/vm86.2:76 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:167
437 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:153 build/C/man2/futex.2:341
438 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:144 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:121
439 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:173 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:96
440 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:146 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:68
441 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:107 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:124
442 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2846 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:217
443 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:85 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:157
444 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:358 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2145
445 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:520 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:211
446 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:111 build/C/man2/splice.2:252
447 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:225 build/C/man2/vm86.2:84 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:175
449 "This page is part of release 3.78 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
450 "description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest "
451 "version of this page, can be found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-"
454 "この man ページは Linux I<man-pages> プロジェクトのリリース 3.78 の一部\n"
455 "である。プロジェクトの説明とバグ報告に関する情報は\n"
456 "http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/ に書かれている。"
459 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
465 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
471 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:56
472 msgid "futex - fast user-space locking"
473 msgstr "futex - 高速ユーザ空間ロック"
476 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:61
479 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
480 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
482 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
483 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
486 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:64
488 msgid "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
489 msgstr "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
491 #. int *? void *? u32 *?
493 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:67
495 msgid "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
496 msgstr "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
499 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:70 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40
500 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36
501 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39
502 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
503 msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
505 "I<注>: このシステムコールには glibc のラッパー関数は存在しない。「注意」の節"
509 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:86
511 "The B<futex>() system call provides a method for a program to wait for a "
512 "value at a given address to change, and a method to wake up anyone waiting "
513 "on a particular address (while the addresses for the same memory in separate "
514 "processes may not be equal, the kernel maps them internally so the same "
515 "memory mapped in different locations will correspond for B<futex>() "
516 "calls). This system call is typically used to implement the contended case "
517 "of a lock in shared memory, as described in B<futex>(7)."
519 "B<futex>() システムコールは、 指定したアドレスの値が変更されるのをプログラム"
520 "が待つ手段や 特定のアドレスに対して待機中のプロセスを wake (起床) させる手段"
521 "を提供する (プロセスが異なれば同じメモリに対するアドレスも同じではないかもし"
522 "れないが、 カーネルは異なる位置にマップされた同じメモリを B<futex>() で使え"
523 "るよう内部でマップする)。 通常は、このシステムコールは B<futex>(7) に書かれ"
524 "ているように、 共有メモリ中のロックが競合する場合の処理を実装するのに用いられ"
528 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:93
530 "When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in user space, a "
531 "call needs to be made to the kernel to arbitrate. Arbitration can either "
532 "mean putting the calling process to sleep or, conversely, waking a waiting "
535 "B<futex>(7) の操作がユーザ空間で競合なく完了しなかった場合、 カーネルに仲裁"
536 "させるためにシステムコールを呼ぶ必要がある。 仲裁というのは、呼び出しプロセス"
537 "を sleep (起床待ち) させたり、反対に 待ちプロセスを wake させたりすることを意"
541 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:100
543 "Callers of this function are expected to adhere to the semantics as set out "
544 "in B<futex>(7). As these semantics involve writing nonportable assembly "
545 "instructions, this in turn probably means that most users will in fact be "
546 "library authors and not general application developers."
548 "この関数を呼び出すプロセスは B<futex>(7) に記述されているセマンティクスに忠"
549 "実であることが要求される。 このセマンティクスには移植不可能なアセンブリ命令を"
550 "書くことが含まれる。 このことは言い換えると futex のユーザのほとんどは実際は"
551 "ライブラリの作者であり、 一般アプリケーションの開発者ではないということであ"
555 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:108
557 "The I<uaddr> argument needs to point to an aligned integer which stores the "
558 "counter. The operation to execute is passed via the I<op> argument, along "
559 "with a value I<val>."
561 "I<uaddr> 引き数は、カウンタを格納する、 アラインメントの揃った int 型変数を指"
562 "している必要がある。 実行する操作は I<op> 引き数を介して、値 I<val> とともに"
566 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:110
567 msgid "Five operations are currently defined:"
568 msgstr "現在のところ 5 つの操作が定義されている:"
571 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:110 build/C/man2/futex.2:223
573 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
574 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
577 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:133
579 "This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
580 "contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this futex "
581 "address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents specify the "
582 "duration of the wait. (This interval will be rounded up to the system clock "
583 "granularity, and kernel scheduling delays mean that the blocking interval "
584 "may overrun by a small amount.) If I<timeout> is NULL, the call blocks "
585 "indefinitely. The arguments I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
587 "この操作は futex アドレス I<uaddr> に指定された値 I<val> がまだ格納されている"
588 "かどうかを不可分操作で検証し、 sleep 状態で この futex アドレスに対して "
589 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> が実行されるのを待つ。 I<timeout> 引き数が NULL でない場合、そ"
590 "の内容は待ち時間の最大値を表す (この停止時間はシステムクロックの粒度に切り上"
591 "げられ、 カーネルのスケジューリング遅延により少しだけ長くなる可能性がある)。 "
592 "NULL の場合、 呼び出しは無限に停止する。 引き数 I<uaddr2> と I<val3> は無視さ"
596 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:141
598 "For B<futex>(7), this call is executed if decrementing the count gave a "
599 "negative value (indicating contention), and will sleep until another process "
600 "releases the futex and executes the B<FUTEX_WAKE> operation."
602 "B<futex>(7) に照らし合わせると、この呼び出しは カウントのデクリメントで負の"
603 "値 (競合を表す) になった場合に実行され、 別のプロセスがその futex を解放し "
604 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> の操作を実行するまで sleep する。"
607 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:141 build/C/man2/futex.2:229
609 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
610 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
613 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:152
615 "This operation wakes at most I<val> processes waiting on this futex address "
616 "(i.e., inside B<FUTEX_WAIT>). The arguments I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and "
617 "I<val3> are ignored."
619 "この操作では指定した futex アドレスに対して待ち状態の (すなわち "
620 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 中の) 最大 I<val> 個のプロセスを wake させる。 引き数 "
621 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
624 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:158
626 "For B<futex>(7), this is executed if incrementing the count showed that "
627 "there were waiters, once the futex value has been set to 1 (indicating that "
630 "B<futex>(4) に照らし合わせると、 この操作は カウントのインクリメントで待ちプ"
631 "ロセスがあると判明し、 futex 値が 1 に設定された (利用可能であることを表す) "
635 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:158
637 msgid "B<FUTEX_FD> (present up to and including Linux 2.6.25)"
638 msgstr "B<FUTEX_FD> (Linux 2.6.25 以前)"
640 #. , suitable for .BR poll (2).
642 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:174
644 "To support asynchronous wakeups, this operation associates a file descriptor "
645 "with a futex. If another process executes a B<FUTEX_WAKE>, the process will "
646 "receive the signal number that was passed in I<val>. The calling process "
647 "must close the returned file descriptor after use. The arguments "
648 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
650 "非同期の wake に対応するため、この操作はファイルディスクリプタを futex に 関"
651 "連づける。 別のプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> を実行すると、プロセスは I<val> で渡"
652 "されたシグナル番号のシグナルを受信する。 呼び出しプロセスは使用後、返された"
653 "ファイルディスクリプタを クローズしなければならない。 引き数 I<timeout>, "
654 "I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
657 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:179
659 "To prevent race conditions, the caller should test if the futex has been "
660 "upped after B<FUTEX_FD> returns."
662 "競合状態を防止するため、呼び出しプロセスは B<FUTEX_FD> が返ったあと futex が "
663 "up されたかどうかを確認しなければならない。"
666 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:183
668 "Because it was inherently racy, B<FUTEX_FD> has been removed from Linux "
671 "B<FUTEX_FD> はもともと競合が起きやすかったため、 Linux 2.6.26 以降で削除され"
675 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:183
677 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.5.70)"
678 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.5.70 以降)"
681 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:198
683 "This operation was introduced in order to avoid a \"thundering herd\" effect "
684 "when B<FUTEX_WAKE> is used and all processes woken up need to acquire "
685 "another futex. This call wakes up I<val> processes, and requeues all other "
686 "waiters on the futex at address I<uaddr2>. The arguments I<timeout> and "
687 "I<val3> are ignored."
689 "この操作は、 B<FUTEX_WAKE> が使われていて、かつ wake されている全てのプロセス"
690 "が 他の futex を取得する必要がある場合に、 「獣の群れの暴走 (thundering "
691 "herd)」効果を避けるために導入された。 この呼び出しは I<val> 個のプロセスを "
692 "wake し、アドレス I<uaddr2> で futex を待っている他の全てのプロセスを再度"
693 "キューにいれる。 引き数 I<timeout> と I<val3> は無視される。"
696 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:198
698 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
699 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.6.7 以降)"
702 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:216
704 "There was a race in the intended use of B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, so "
705 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> was introduced. This is similar to B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, "
706 "but first checks whether the location I<uaddr> still contains the value "
707 "I<val3>. If not, the operation fails with the error B<EAGAIN>. The "
708 "argument I<timeout> is ignored."
710 "故意に B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> を使う場合に競合が起こるため、 B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> "
711 "が導入された。これは B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> と似ているが、場所 I<uaddr> に値 "
712 "I<val3> がまだ保持されているかを最初にチェックする。 保持されていない場合、操"
713 "作はエラー B<EAGAIN> で失敗する。引き数 I<timeout> は無視される。"
716 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:223
718 "In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
719 "indicate the error. The return value on success depends on the operation, "
720 "as described in the following list:"
722 "エラーの場合、全ての操作で -1 が返り、 I<errno> がエラーの内容を示す値に設定"
723 "される。成功時の返り値は操作によって異なり、以下のリストに書かれている通りで"
727 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:229
729 "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. See ERRORS for "
730 "the various possible error returns."
732 "そのプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> により wake された場合 0 を返す。発生する可能性"
733 "があるエラーについては「エラー」の節を参照。"
736 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:232 build/C/man2/futex.2:238 build/C/man2/futex.2:241
737 msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
738 msgstr "wake したプロセスの数を返す。"
741 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:232
747 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:235
748 msgid "Returns the new file descriptor associated with the futex."
749 msgstr "futex に関連づけられた新たなファイルディスクリプタを返す。"
752 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:235
754 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
755 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
758 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:238
760 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
761 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
764 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:242 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2579
765 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
771 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:245
772 msgid "No read access to futex memory."
773 msgstr "futex メモリに読み込みアクセス権がなかった。"
776 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:245 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:116
777 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:151 build/C/man2/tee.2:101
778 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
784 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:256
786 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> detected that the value pointed to by I<uaddr> is not "
787 "equal to the expected value I<val3>. (This probably indicates a race; use "
788 "the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
790 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> で、I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 I<val3> と異なる状況が検出"
791 "された。 (これは競合を示しているかもしれない。この場合は安全な B<FUTEX_WAKE> "
795 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:261
796 msgid "Error retrieving I<timeout> information from user space."
797 msgstr "ユーザ空間から I<timeout> の情報を取得する際にエラーが発生した。"
800 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:261
806 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:268
808 "A B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation was interrupted by a signal (see B<signal>(7)) or "
811 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作がシグナル (B<signal>(7) 参照) もしくは偽の wakeup により中"
815 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
816 msgid "Invalid argument."
820 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
826 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:274
827 msgid "The system limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
828 msgstr "オープンされているファイルの総数がシステムの制限に達した。"
831 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:274 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
832 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2661
833 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447 build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
839 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:278
840 msgid "Invalid operation specified in I<op>."
841 msgstr "I<op> に無効な操作が指定された。"
844 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:278
847 msgstr "B<ETIMEDOUT>"
850 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:283
851 msgid "Timeout during the B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation."
852 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作でタイムアウトが発生した。"
855 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:283
857 msgid "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
858 msgstr "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
861 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:293
863 "I<op> was B<FUTEX_WAIT> and the value pointed to by I<uaddr> was not equal "
864 "to the expected value I<val> at the time of the call."
866 "I<op> が B<FUTEX_WAIT> で、その呼び出しにおいて I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 "
870 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:293 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:116
871 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:141
872 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
873 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:292
874 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
875 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:179 build/C/man2/tee.2:120
876 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:148
882 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:303
884 "Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7 but with different semantics "
885 "from what was described above. A 4-argument system call with the semantics "
886 "described in this page was introduced in Linux 2.5.40. In Linux 2.5.70, one "
887 "argument was added. In Linux 2.6.7, a sixth argument was added\\(emmessy, "
888 "especially on the s390 architecture."
890 "最初の futex 対応は Linux 2.5.7 で組み込まれたが、 上記のセマンティクスとは異"
891 "なる。 4 つの引き数のここに書かれているセマンティクスを持つ システムコール"
892 "は、Linux 2.5.40 で導入された。 Linux 2.5.70 では 1 つの引き数が追加された。 "
893 "Linux 2.6.7 では 6 番目の引き数が追加された。 これは汚く、s390 アーキテクチャ"
897 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:305 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:147
898 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99 build/C/man2/splice.2:186
899 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:127 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:155
900 msgid "This system call is Linux-specific."
901 msgstr "このシステムコールは Linux 固有である。"
905 #. Futexes were designed and worked on by
906 #. Hubertus Franke (IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center),
907 #. Matthew Kirkwood, Ingo Molnar (Red Hat)
908 #. and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center).
909 #. This page written by bert hubert.
911 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:319
913 "To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction "
914 "for end-users. (There is no wrapper function for this system call in "
915 "glibc.) Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have read "
916 "the sources of the futex user-space library referenced below."
918 "繰り返すが、裸の futex はエンドユーザが容易に使うことのできる概念として 意図"
919 "されたものではない (glibc にはこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数はな"
920 "い)。 実装者は、アセンブリ言語に慣れており、以下に挙げる futex ユーザ空間ライ"
921 "ブラリの ソースを読み終えていることが要求される。"
924 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:322
925 msgid "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<futex>(7)"
926 msgstr "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<futex>(7)"
929 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:325
931 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
932 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
934 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
935 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
938 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:328
940 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
943 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
947 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:330
948 msgid "Futex example library, futex-*.tar.bz2 at"
949 msgstr "futex の使用例ライブラリ, futex-*.tar.bz2"
952 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:333
954 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> E<."
957 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> E<."
961 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
963 msgid "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
964 msgstr "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
967 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46
973 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
975 msgid "Linux System Calls"
976 msgstr "Linux System Calls"
979 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32
980 msgid "get_robust_list, set_robust_list - get/set list of robust futexes"
984 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:37
987 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
988 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
989 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
991 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
992 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
993 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
996 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:41
999 "B<long get_robust_list(int >I<pid>B<, struct robust_list_head **>I<head_ptr>B<,>\n"
1000 "B< size_t *>I<len_ptr>B<);>\n"
1001 "B<long set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head *>I<head>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);>\n"
1005 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:45
1006 msgid "I<Note>: There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES."
1008 "I<注意>: これらのシステムコールには glibc ラッパー関数は存在しない。 「注意」"
1012 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:50
1014 "The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust "
1015 "futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits. These lists are managed "
1016 "in user space; the kernel is notified about only the location of the head of "
1021 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:66
1023 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call returns the head of the robust futex "
1024 "list of the thread whose thread ID is specified in I<pid>. If I<pid> is 0, "
1025 "the head of the list for the calling thread is returned. The list head is "
1026 "stored in the location pointed to by I<head_ptr>. The size of the object "
1027 "pointed to by I<**head_ptr> is stored in I<len_ptr>."
1031 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:78
1033 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call requests the kernel to record the head "
1034 "of the list of robust futexes owned by the calling thread. The I<head> "
1035 "argument is the list head to record. The I<len> argument should be "
1040 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:85
1042 "The B<set_robust_list>() and B<get_robust_list>() system calls return zero "
1043 "when the operation is successful, an error code otherwise."
1047 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:89
1049 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following error:"
1053 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:95
1055 "I<len> does not match the size of structure B<struct robust_list_head> "
1056 "expected by kernel."
1060 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:99
1062 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following errors:"
1066 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:107
1068 "The calling process does not have permission to see the robust futex list of "
1069 "the thread with the thread ID I<pid>, and does not have the "
1070 "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE> capability."
1074 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:107 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2688
1075 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1949
1076 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
1082 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:112
1083 msgid "No thread with the thread ID I<pid> could be found."
1087 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:116
1089 "The head of the robust futex list can't be stored at the location I<head>."
1093 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:118
1094 msgid "These system calls were added in Linux 2.6.17."
1095 msgstr "これらのシステムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で追加された。"
1098 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:123
1100 "These system calls are not needed by normal applications. No support for "
1101 "them is provided in glibc. In the unlikely event that you want to call them "
1102 "directly, use B<syscall>(2)."
1104 "通常のアプリケーションでは、これらのシステムコールは必要ではない。 glibc によ"
1105 "るサポートは提供されていない。おそらくないと思うが、このシステムコールを直接"
1106 "呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1109 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:127
1111 "A thread can have only one robust futex list; therefore applications that "
1112 "wish to use this functionality should use the robust mutexes provided by "
1116 #. .BR pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np (3)
1118 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:130
1120 msgstr "B<futex>(2)"
1122 #. http://lwn.net/Articles/172149/
1124 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:136
1126 "I<Documentation/robust-futexes.txt> and I<Documentation/robust-futex-ABI."
1127 "txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
1131 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
1137 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
1143 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
1144 msgid "getunwind - copy the unwind data to caller's buffer"
1148 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:34
1151 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1152 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1154 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1155 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1158 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:36
1160 msgid "B<long getunwind(void >I<*buf>B<, size_t >I<buf_size>B<);>\n"
1164 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:42
1165 msgid "I<Note: this function is obsolete.>"
1169 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:52
1171 "The IA-64-specific B<getunwind>() system call copies the kernel's call "
1172 "frame unwind data into the buffer pointed to by I<buf> and returns the size "
1173 "of the unwind data; this data describes the gate page (kernel code that is "
1174 "mapped into user space)."
1178 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:64
1180 "The size of the buffer I<buf> is specified in I<buf_size>. The data is "
1181 "copied only if I<buf_size> is greater than or equal to the size of the "
1182 "unwind data and I<buf> is not NULL; otherwise, no data is copied, and the "
1183 "call succeeds, returning the size that would be needed to store the unwind "
1188 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:68
1190 "The first part of the unwind data contains an unwind table. The rest "
1191 "contains the associated unwind information, in no particular order. The "
1192 "unwind table contains entries of the following form:"
1196 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:73
1199 " u64 start; (64-bit address of start of function)\n"
1200 " u64 end; (64-bit address of end of function)\n"
1201 " u64 info; (BUF-relative offset to unwind info)\n"
1205 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
1207 "An entry whose I<start> value is zero indicates the end of the table. For "
1208 "more information about the format, see the I<IA-64 Software Conventions and "
1209 "Runtime Architecture> manual."
1213 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
1215 "On success, B<getunwind>() returns the size of the unwind data. On error, "
1216 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1218 "成功すると、 B<getunwind> は unwind されたデータのサイズを返す。 エラーの場"
1219 "合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1222 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94
1224 "B<getunwind>() fails with the error B<EFAULT> if the unwind info can't be "
1225 "stored in the space specified by I<buf>."
1229 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96
1230 msgid "This system call is available since Linux 2.4."
1234 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
1236 "This system call is Linux-specific, and is available only on the IA-64 "
1241 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:107
1243 "This system call has been deprecated. The modern way to obtain the kernel's "
1244 "unwind data is via the gate DSO. The address of the ELF header for this DSO "
1245 "is passed to user level via B<AT_SYSINFO_EHDR> (see B<getauxval>(3))."
1249 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
1251 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; in the unlikely event "
1252 "that you want to call it, use B<syscall>(2)."
1254 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。おそらくない"
1255 "と思うが、このシステムコールを呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1258 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
1259 msgid "B<getauxval>(3)"
1260 msgstr "B<getauxval>(3)"
1263 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
1269 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
1275 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29
1276 msgid "kexec_load - load a new kernel for later execution"
1277 msgstr "kexec_load - 新しいカーネルを後で実行するためにロードする"
1280 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:31
1281 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1282 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1285 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:33
1287 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1290 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1294 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:36
1295 msgid "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1296 msgstr "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1299 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:44
1301 "The B<kexec_load>() system call loads a new kernel that can be executed "
1302 "later by B<reboot>(2)."
1304 "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは、新しいカーネルをロードし、\n"
1305 "その後の B<reboot>(2) で実行できるようにする。"
1308 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1310 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that controls the operation of the "
1311 "call. The following values can be specified in I<flags>:"
1313 "I<flags> 引き数は、システムコールの呼び出しの動作を制御するマスクビットであ"
1314 "る。 I<flags> には以下の値を指定できる。"
1317 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1319 msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
1320 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
1322 #. FIXME Explain in more detail how KEXEC_ON_CRASH is actually used
1324 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1325 msgid "Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash."
1326 msgstr "システムのクラッシュ時に、新しいカーネルを自動的に実行する。"
1329 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1331 msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
1332 msgstr "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (Linux 2.6.27 以降)"
1335 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:64
1337 "Preserve the system hardware and software states before executing the new "
1338 "kernel. This could be used for system suspend. This flag is available only "
1339 "if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP>, and is effective "
1340 "only if I<nr_segments> is greater than 0."
1343 "システムのハードウェアとソフトウェアの状態を保存する。\n"
1344 "システムの中断時 (suspend) などで使用できる。\n"
1345 "このフラグは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP> が有効の場合のみ\n"
1346 "利用可能であり、 I<nr_segments> が 0 より大きい場合のみ効果がある。"
1349 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:85
1351 "The high-order bits (corresponding to the mask 0xffff0000) of I<flags> "
1352 "contain the architecture of the to-be-executed kernel. Specify (OR) the "
1353 "constant B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> to use the current architecture, or one of "
1354 "the following architecture constants B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_68K>, "
1355 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, "
1356 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, "
1357 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, and B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE>. The "
1358 "architecture must be executable on the CPU of the system."
1360 "I<flags> の上位ビット (マスク 0xffff0000 に対応) には、\n"
1361 "実行されるカーネルのアーキテクチャが入る。\n"
1362 "現在のアーキテクチャを使うことを意味する定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> か、\n"
1363 "アーキテクチャ定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_68K>, "
1364 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>,\n"
1365 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>,\n"
1366 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>,\n"
1367 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE> の\n"
1368 "いずれか一つを (OR で) 指定する。指定するアーキテクチャは、\n"
1369 "システムの CPU で実行可能なものでなければならない。"
1372 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:100
1374 "The I<entry> argument is the physical entry address in the kernel image. "
1375 "The I<nr_segments> argument is the number of segments pointed to by the "
1376 "I<segments> pointer; the kernel imposes an (arbitrary) limit of 16 on the "
1377 "number of segments. The I<segments> argument is an array of "
1378 "I<kexec_segment> structures which define the kernel layout:"
1380 "I<entry> 引き数は、カーネルイメージの物理エントリーアドレスである。 "
1381 "I<nr_segments> 引き数は、 I<segments> ポインタが指すセグメントの数である。 な"
1382 "お、セグメント数には、カーネルにより 16 という (強制的な) 上限が課される。 "
1383 "I<segments> 引き数は I<kexec_segment> 構造体の配列で、 この構造体によりカーネ"
1387 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:109
1390 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1391 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1392 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1393 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1394 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1397 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1398 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1399 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1400 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1401 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1404 #. FIXME Explain the details of how the kernel image defined by segments
1405 #. is copied from the calling process into previously reserved memory.
1407 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:117
1409 "The kernel image defined by I<segments> is copied from the calling process "
1410 "into previously reserved memory."
1412 "I<segments> で定義されたカーネルイメージは、\n"
1413 "呼び出したプロセスから予約済みメモリにコピーされる。"
1416 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:124
1418 "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
1419 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1421 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
1422 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1425 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:125 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
1426 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1912 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
1432 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:129
1434 "Another crash kernel is already being loaded or a crash kernel is already in "
1437 "別のクラッシュカーネルがすでにロードされているか、\n"
1438 "クラッシュカーネルがすでに使用されている。"
1440 #. KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX == 16
1442 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:136
1443 msgid "I<flags> is invalid; or I<nr_segments> is too large"
1444 msgstr "I<flags> が無効である。 I<nr_segments> が大きすぎる。"
1447 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:141
1448 msgid "The caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability."
1449 msgstr "呼び出し側が B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
1452 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:145
1453 msgid "The B<kexec_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.13."
1454 msgstr "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.13 で初めて登場した。"
1457 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:152
1459 "Currently, there is no glibc support for B<kexec_load>(). Call it using "
1462 "現在のところ、 B<kexec_load>() は glibc ではサポートされていない。\n"
1463 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。"
1465 #. FIXME . Andi submitted a patch for this.
1466 #. Check if it got accepted later.
1468 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159
1470 "The required constants are in the Linux kernel source file I<linux/kexec.h>, "
1471 "which is not currently exported to glibc. Therefore, these constants must "
1472 "be defined manually."
1474 "必要な定数は Linux カーネルのソースファイル I<linux/kexec.h> で定義されてい"
1476 "が、現在のところ glibc には公開されていない。\n"
1477 "そのため、これらの定数は手動で定義しなければならない。"
1480 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162
1482 "This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with "
1485 "このシステムコールは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC> が有効になって\n"
1489 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:165
1490 msgid "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1491 msgstr "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1494 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1496 msgid "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1497 msgstr "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1500 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1506 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
1507 msgid "lookup_dcookie - return a directory entry's path"
1508 msgstr "lookup_dcookie - ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を返す"
1511 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
1513 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1516 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1520 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:38
1522 "Look up the full path of the directory entry specified by the value "
1523 "I<cookie>. The cookie is an opaque identifier uniquely identifying a "
1524 "particular directory entry. The buffer given is filled in with the full "
1525 "path of the directory entry."
1527 "I<cookie> 値で指定されたディレクトリ・エントリのフルパス名を検索する。 "
1528 "cookie は、個々のディレクトリ・エントリを区別する内部識別子 (opaque "
1529 "identifier) である。引き数で指定されたバッファに、ディレクトリ・エントリの フ"
1533 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
1535 "For B<lookup_dcookie>() to return successfully, the kernel must still hold "
1536 "a cookie reference to the directory entry."
1538 "B<lookup_dcookie>() が正常に値を返すためには、カーネルがディレクトリ・エント"
1539 "リへの cookie 参照を 保持していなければならない。"
1542 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
1544 "On success, B<lookup_dcookie>() returns the length of the path string "
1545 "copied into the buffer. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1548 "成功した場合、 B<lookup_dcookie>() はバッファにコピーしたパス文字列の長さを"
1549 "返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
1552 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54
1553 msgid "The buffer was not valid."
1554 msgstr "バッファが有効でなかった。"
1557 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1559 "The kernel has no registered cookie/directory entry mappings at the time of "
1560 "lookup, or the cookie does not refer to a valid directory entry."
1562 "検索が行われた時、cookie とディレクトリ・エントリのマッピングがカーネルに 登"
1563 "録されていなかったか、または cookie が有効なディレクトリ・エントリを 参照して"
1567 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1569 msgid "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1570 msgstr "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1573 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61
1574 msgid "The name could not fit in the buffer."
1575 msgstr "名前がバッファに入り切らなかった。"
1578 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:278
1579 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138 build/C/man2/splice.2:169
1580 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:117 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
1586 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
1588 "The kernel could not allocate memory for the temporary buffer holding the "
1591 "カーネルが、パス名を保持する一時バッファ用のメモリを割り当てることが できな"
1595 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70
1597 "The process does not have the capability B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> required to look "
1600 "プロセスが cookie 値を検索するのに必要なケーパビリティ B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> を"
1604 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
1610 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73
1612 "The buffer was not large enough to hold the path of the directory entry."
1614 "バッファが、ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を収容するのに 十分な大きさではな"
1618 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78
1620 "Available since Linux 2.5.43. The B<ENAMETOOLONG> error return was added in "
1623 "Linux 2.5.43 以降で利用できる。 エラー B<ENAMETOOLONG> を返す仕様は 2.5.70 で"
1627 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
1628 msgid "B<lookup_dcookie>() is Linux-specific."
1629 msgstr "B<lookup_dcookie>() は Linux 独自の関数である。"
1632 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:85
1634 "B<lookup_dcookie>() is a special-purpose system call, currently used only "
1635 "by the oprofile profiler. It relies on a kernel driver to register cookies "
1636 "for directory entries."
1638 "B<lookup_dcookie>() は特殊な用途に使われるシステムコールで、現在のところ "
1639 "oprofile profiler で 使われているだけである。"
1642 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
1644 "The path returned may be suffixed by the string \" (deleted)\" if the "
1645 "directory entry has been removed."
1647 "指定されたディレクトリ・エントリが削除されていた場合、返されるパス名の最後に "
1648 "\" (deleted)\" という文字列が付加されることがある。"
1651 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
1657 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
1663 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27
1664 msgid "modify_ldt - get or set ldt"
1665 msgstr "modify_ldt - ldt を設定または取得する"
1668 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:30
1670 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1671 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1674 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:32
1676 msgid "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1677 msgstr "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1680 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:41
1682 "B<modify_ldt>() reads or writes the local descriptor table (ldt) for a "
1683 "process. The ldt is a per-process memory management table used by the i386 "
1684 "processor. For more information on this table, see an Intel 386 processor "
1687 "B<modify_ldt>() はプロセスのローカル・ディスクリプタ・テーブル (local "
1688 "descriptor table; ldt) を読み書きする。 ldt は i386 プロセッサで使用されるプ"
1689 "ロセスごとのメモリ管理テーブルである。 このテーブルに関してのより詳しい情報"
1690 "は Intel 386 processor handbook を 参照すること。"
1693 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:51
1695 "When I<func> is 0, B<modify_ldt>() reads the ldt into the memory pointed to "
1696 "by I<ptr>. The number of bytes read is the smaller of I<bytecount> and the "
1697 "actual size of the ldt."
1699 "I<func> が 0 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt を I<ptr> が指しているメモリに"
1700 "読み込む。 読み込むバイト数は実際の ldt のサイズか I<bytecount> より小さい方"
1703 #. FIXME Should this page say something about func == 2 and func == 0x11?
1704 #. In Linux 2.4, func == 2 returned "the default ldt"
1705 #. In Linux 2.6, func == 2 is a nop, returning a zeroed out structure.
1706 #. Linux 2.4 and 2.6 implement an operation for func == 0x11
1708 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:69
1710 "When I<func> is 1, B<modify_ldt>() modifies one ldt entry. I<ptr> points "
1711 "to a I<user_desc> structure and I<bytecount> must equal the size of this "
1714 "I<func> が 1 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt エントリの一つを変更する。 "
1715 "I<ptr> は I<user_desc> 構造体を指し、 I<bytecount> はこの構造体の大きさに等し"
1719 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:73
1720 msgid "The I<user_desc> structure is defined in I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> as:"
1722 "I<user_desc> 構造体は I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
1725 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:87
1728 "struct user_desc {\n"
1729 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1730 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1731 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1732 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1733 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1734 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1735 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1736 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1737 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1740 "struct user_desc {\n"
1741 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1742 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1743 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1744 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1745 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1746 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1747 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1748 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1749 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1753 #. The ldt is specific for the calling process. Any attempts to change
1754 #. the ldt to include the address space of another process or the kernel
1755 #. will result in a segmentation violation when trying to access the memory
1756 #. outside of the process address space. The memory protection is enforced
1757 #. at the paging layer.
1759 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98
1760 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>."
1762 "Linux 2.4 以前では、この構造体は I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> という名前であった。"
1765 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108
1767 "On success, B<modify_ldt>() returns either the actual number of bytes read "
1768 "(for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, B<modify_ldt>() returns -1 "
1769 "and sets I<errno> to indicate the error."
1771 "成功した場合は、 B<modify_ldt>() は (読み込みの場合は) 実際に読み込んだバイ"
1772 "ト数、 または (書き込みの場合は) 0 を返す。 失敗した場合は B<modify_ldt>() "
1773 "は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
1776 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
1777 msgid "I<ptr> points outside the address space."
1778 msgstr "I<ptr> がアドレス空間の外を指している。"
1781 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
1783 "I<ptr> is 0, or I<func> is 1 and I<bytecount> is not equal to the size of "
1784 "the structure I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>, or I<func> is 1 and the new ldt entry has "
1787 "I<ptr> が 0 である、 または I<func> が 1 で I<bytecount> が "
1788 "I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> 構造体のサイズと等しくないか、 I<func> が 1 で新しい ldt "
1792 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
1793 msgid "I<func> is neither 0 nor 1."
1794 msgstr "I<func> が 0 でも 1 でもない。"
1797 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133
1799 "This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
1802 "このコールは Linux 特有であり、移植を意図したプログラムでは 使用してはいけな"
1806 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
1807 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
1809 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
1812 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 "
1813 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。"
1816 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138
1821 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1827 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1833 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
1834 msgid "nfsservctl - syscall interface to kernel nfs daemon"
1835 msgstr "nfsservctl - カーネル nfs デーモンのためのインターフェース"
1838 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:14
1840 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1841 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1844 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:17
1847 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1848 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1850 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1851 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1854 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:21
1855 msgid "I<Note>: Since Linux 3.1, this system call no longer exists."
1856 msgstr "I<注意>: Linux 3.1 以降では、このシステムコールはもはや存在しない。"
1859 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:35
1863 " * These are the commands understood by nfsctl().\n"
1865 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* This is a server process. */\n"
1866 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* Add an NFS client. */\n"
1867 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* Remove an NFS client. */\n"
1868 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* Export a filesystem. */\n"
1869 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* Unexport a filesystem. */\n"
1870 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* Update a client's UID/GID map\n"
1871 " (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
1872 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* Get a file handle (used by mountd)\n"
1873 " (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
1876 " * nfsctl() によって理解されるコマンド\n"
1878 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* サーバープロセス */\n"
1879 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* NFS クライアントを追加 */\n"
1880 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* NFS クライアンドを削除 */\n"
1881 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* ファイルシステムのエクスポート */\n"
1882 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* ファイルシステムのアンエクスポート */\n"
1883 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* UID/GID マップの更新\n"
1884 " (Linux 2.4.x とそれ以前のみ) */\n"
1885 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* (mountd で使用される) fh の取得\n"
1886 " (Linux 2.4.x とそれ以前のみ) */\n"
1889 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:47
1892 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1893 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1895 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1896 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1897 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1898 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1899 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1900 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1904 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1905 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1907 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1908 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1909 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1910 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1911 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1912 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1917 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:52
1920 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1921 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1922 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1925 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1926 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1927 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1931 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105
1932 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:59
1934 "On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1937 "成功した場合は 0 が返される。エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
1941 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:60
1942 msgid "This call is Linux-specific."
1943 msgstr "このコールは Linux 特有である。"
1946 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1952 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1958 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31
1960 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1961 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - port I/O"
1963 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1964 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - ポート入出力"
1967 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:34
1969 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1970 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1973 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:41
1976 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1977 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1978 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1979 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1980 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1981 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1983 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1984 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1985 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1986 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1987 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1988 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1991 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:48
1994 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1995 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1996 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1997 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1998 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1999 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2001 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2002 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2003 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2004 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2005 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2006 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2009 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:61
2012 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2013 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2014 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2015 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2016 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2017 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2018 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2019 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2020 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2021 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2022 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2023 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2025 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2026 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2027 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2028 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2029 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2030 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2031 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2032 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2033 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2034 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2035 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2036 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2039 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:67
2041 "This family of functions is used to do low-level port input and output. The "
2042 "out* functions do port output, the in* functions do port input; the b-suffix "
2043 "functions are byte-width and the w-suffix functions word-width; the _p-"
2044 "suffix functions pause until the I/O completes."
2046 "この一連の関数はポートに対する低レベルの入出力に使用する。 out* 関数はポート"
2047 "出力、in* 関数はポート入力を行う。 語尾に b がついている関数はバイト単位、w "
2048 "がついている関数はワード単位である。 _p がついている関数は I/O が終了するまで"
2051 #. , given the following information
2052 #. in addition to that given in
2055 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:73
2057 "They are primarily designed for internal kernel use, but can be used from "
2060 "これらの関数はもともとカーネル内部での使用を想定して設計されているが、 ユー"
2064 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:78
2066 "You must compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined "
2067 "as inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization "
2068 "enabled, causing unresolved references at link time."
2070 "B<-O> や B<-O2> などを指定してコンパイルしなければならない。 これらの関数はイ"
2071 "ンライン・マクロとして定義されており、 最適化を行わないと関数の展開が行われ"
2072 "ず、 リンクの時に「解決できない参照(unresolved reference)」が発生する。"
2075 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:87
2077 "You use B<ioperm>(2) or alternatively B<iopl>(2) to tell the kernel to "
2078 "allow the user space application to access the I/O ports in question. "
2079 "Failure to do this will cause the application to receive a segmentation "
2082 "ユーザー空間のアプリケーションが I/O ポートにアクセスすることを カーネルに教"
2083 "えるために B<ioperm>(2) もしくは B<iopl>(2) を使用すること。これを忘れると"
2084 "アプリケーションはセグメンテーション違反 (segmentation fault) を受けとること"
2088 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96
2090 "B<outb>() and friends are hardware-specific. The I<value> argument is "
2091 "passed first and the I<port> argument is passed second, which is the "
2092 "opposite order from most DOS implementations."
2094 "B<outb>() とその仲間はハードウェア特有である。 I<value> 引数が最初に渡さ"
2095 "れ、 I<port> 引数が二番目に渡される。 この順序はほとんどの DOS での実装とは逆"
2099 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99
2100 msgid "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2101 msgstr "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2104 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2106 msgid "PCICONFIG_READ"
2107 msgstr "PCICONFIG_READ"
2110 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2116 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
2118 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci device information "
2121 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci デバイス情報を扱う"
2124 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:14
2126 msgid "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2127 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2130 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:21
2133 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2134 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2135 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2136 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2137 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2138 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2140 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2141 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2142 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2143 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2144 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2145 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2148 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27
2150 "Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the kernel "
2151 "PCI layer, and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed from "
2154 "PCI デバイスとのやり取り (interaction) は カーネル PCI レイヤですでに処理され"
2155 "ているので、 通常はこららの関数をユーザ空間からアクセスする必要はない。"
2158 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:51
2160 msgid "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2161 msgstr "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2164 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36
2165 msgid "Reads to I<buf> from device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2166 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> の値を I<buf> に読み込む。"
2169 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57
2171 msgid "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2172 msgstr "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2175 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45
2176 msgid "Writes from I<buf> to device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2177 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> に I<buf> の値を書き込む。"
2180 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2182 msgid "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2183 msgstr "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2186 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50
2188 "You pass it a bus/devfn pair and get a physical address for either the "
2189 "memory offset (for things like prep, this is 0xc0000000), the IO base for "
2190 "PIO cycles, or the ISA holes if any."
2192 "bus/devfn ペアをこの関数に渡し、 メモリオフセット (prep のようなものでは、こ"
2193 "の値は 0xc0000000 である) と PIO サイクルの IO ベースの物理アドレスを取得す"
2194 "る。 また、もしあるならば ISA hole の物理アドレスを取得する。"
2197 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2199 "On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
2202 "成功した場合、0 が返される。 エラーの場合、-1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
2206 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
2208 "Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory "
2209 "according to the I<which> value. Values for I<which> are: "
2210 "B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, "
2211 "B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM>."
2213 "I<which> の値に基づいて、物理メモリ内の様々な I/O 領域の位置情報が返される。 "
2214 "I<which> の値は、 B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, "
2215 "B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM> である。"
2218 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
2219 msgid "I<len> value is invalid. This does not apply to B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2221 "I<len> の値が無効である。 このエラーは B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されな"
2225 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1929
2226 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
2232 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
2237 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2640
2243 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93
2245 "For B<pciconfig_iobase>(), \"hose\" value is NULL. For the other calls, "
2246 "could not find a slot."
2248 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() の場合、でホース (hose) の値が NULL である。 他の呼び"
2249 "出しの場合、スロット (slot) が見つからない。"
2252 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
2253 msgid "The system has not implemented these calls (B<CONFIG_PCI> not defined)."
2255 "このシステムはこれらの呼び出しを実装していない。 (B<CONFIG_PCI> が定義されて"
2259 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2668
2261 msgid "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2262 msgstr "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2265 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105
2267 "This return value is valid only for B<pciconfig_iobase>(). It is returned "
2268 "if the value for I<which> is invalid."
2270 "この返り値は B<pciconfig_iobase>() でのみ有効である。 このエラーは I<which> "
2274 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112
2276 "User does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability. This does not apply to "
2277 "B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2279 "ユーザが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> 権限を持っていない。 このエラーは "
2280 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されない。"
2283 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
2284 msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
2286 "これらの呼び出しは Linux 特有のものであり、 Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11 から使用可能"
2290 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:116
2291 msgid "B<capabilities>(7)"
2292 msgstr "B<capabilities>(7)"
2295 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2297 msgid "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2298 msgstr "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2301 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2307 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30
2308 msgid "perf_event_open - set up performance monitoring"
2312 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:34
2315 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2316 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2318 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2319 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2322 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:38
2325 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2326 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2327 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2329 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2330 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2331 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2334 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:47
2336 "Given a list of parameters, B<perf_event_open>() returns a file descriptor, "
2337 "for use in subsequent system calls (B<read>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<prctl>(2), "
2338 "B<fcntl>(2), etc.)."
2342 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:55
2344 "A call to B<perf_event_open>() creates a file descriptor that allows "
2345 "measuring performance information. Each file descriptor corresponds to one "
2346 "event that is measured; these can be grouped together to measure multiple "
2347 "events simultaneously."
2351 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:62
2353 "Events can be enabled and disabled in two ways: via B<ioctl>(2) and via "
2354 "B<prctl>(2). When an event is disabled it does not count or generate "
2355 "overflows but does continue to exist and maintain its count value."
2359 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2361 "Events come in two flavors: counting and sampled. A I<counting> event is "
2362 "one that is used for counting the aggregate number of events that occur. In "
2363 "general, counting event results are gathered with a B<read>(2) call. A "
2364 "I<sampling> event periodically writes measurements to a buffer that can then "
2365 "be accessed via B<mmap>(2)."
2369 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2375 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:83
2377 "The I<pid> and I<cpu> arguments allow specifying which process and CPU to "
2382 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:83
2384 msgid "B<pid == 0> and B<cpu == -1>"
2388 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:86
2389 msgid "This measures the calling process/thread on any CPU."
2393 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:86
2395 msgid "B<pid == 0> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2399 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
2401 "This measures the calling process/thread only when running on the specified "
2406 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
2408 msgid "B<pid E<gt> 0> and B<cpu == -1>"
2412 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:93
2413 msgid "This measures the specified process/thread on any CPU."
2417 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:93
2419 msgid "B<pid E<gt> 0> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2423 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:97
2425 "This measures the specified process/thread only when running on the "
2430 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:97
2432 msgid "B<pid == -1> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2436 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:105
2438 "This measures all processes/threads on the specified CPU. This requires "
2439 "B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability or a I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid> "
2440 "value of less than 1."
2444 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:105
2446 msgid "B<pid == -1> and B<cpu == -1>"
2450 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:108
2451 msgid "This setting is invalid and will return an error."
2455 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:130
2457 "The I<group_fd> argument allows event groups to be created. An event group "
2458 "has one event which is the group leader. The leader is created first, with "
2459 "I<group_fd> = -1. The rest of the group members are created with subsequent "
2460 "B<perf_event_open>() calls with I<group_fd> being set to the file "
2461 "descriptor of the group leader. (A single event on its own is created with "
2462 "I<group_fd> = -1 and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.) An "
2463 "event group is scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will be put onto the CPU "
2464 "only if all of the events in the group can be put onto the CPU. This means "
2465 "that the values of the member events can be meaningfully compared\\(emadded, "
2466 "divided (to get ratios), and so on\\(emwith each other, since they have "
2467 "counted events for the same set of executed instructions."
2471 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:134
2473 "The I<flags> argument is formed by ORing together zero or more of the "
2476 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
2479 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:134
2481 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC> (since Linux 3.14)"
2482 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC> (Linux 3.14 以降)"
2484 #. commit a21b0b354d4ac39be691f51c53562e2c24443d9e
2486 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:151
2488 "This flag enables the close-on-exec flag for the created event file "
2489 "descriptor, so that the file descriptor is automatically closed on "
2490 "B<execve>(2). Setting the close-on-exec flags at creation time, rather than "
2491 "later with B<fcntl>(2), avoids potential race conditions where the calling "
2492 "thread invokes B<perf_event_open>() and B<fcntl>(2) at the same time as "
2493 "another thread calls B<fork>(2) then B<execve>(2)."
2497 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:151
2499 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
2500 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
2503 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
2505 "This flag tells the event to ignore the I<group_fd> parameter except for the "
2506 "purpose of setting up output redirection using the B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT> "
2511 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
2513 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT> (broken since Linux 2.6.35)"
2514 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT> (Linux 2.6.35 以降では正しく動作しない)"
2517 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:164
2519 "This flag re-routes the event's sampled output to instead be included in the "
2520 "mmap buffer of the event specified by I<group_fd>."
2524 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:164
2526 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
2527 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)"
2529 #. commit e5d1367f17ba6a6fed5fd8b74e4d5720923e0c25
2531 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:188
2533 "This flag activates per-container system-wide monitoring. A container is an "
2534 "abstraction that isolates a set of resources for finer-grained control "
2535 "(CPUs, memory, etc.). In this mode, the event is measured only if the "
2536 "thread running on the monitored CPU belongs to the designated container "
2537 "(cgroup). The cgroup is identified by passing a file descriptor opened on "
2538 "its directory in the cgroupfs filesystem. For instance, if the cgroup to "
2539 "monitor is called I<test>, then a file descriptor opened on I</dev/cgroup/"
2540 "test> (assuming cgroupfs is mounted on I</dev/cgroup>) must be passed as "
2541 "the I<pid> parameter. cgroup monitoring is available only for system-wide "
2542 "events and may therefore require extra permissions."
2546 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:193
2548 "The I<perf_event_attr> structure provides detailed configuration information "
2549 "for the event being created."
2553 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:200
2556 "struct perf_event_attr {\n"
2557 " __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
2558 " __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
2559 " __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
2561 "struct perf_event_attr {\n"
2562 " __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
2563 " __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
2564 " __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
2567 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:205
2571 " __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
2572 " __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
2576 " __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
2577 " __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
2581 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:208
2584 " __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
2585 " __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
2587 " __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
2588 " __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
2591 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:236
2594 " __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
2595 " inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
2596 " pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
2597 " exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
2598 " exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
2599 " exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
2600 " exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
2601 " exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
2602 " mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
2603 " comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
2604 " freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
2605 " inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
2606 " enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
2607 " task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
2608 " watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
2609 " precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
2610 " mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
2611 " sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
2612 " exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
2613 " exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
2614 " exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
2615 " /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
2616 " exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
2617 " /* exclude user callchains */\n"
2618 " mmap2 : 1, /* include mmap with inode data */\n"
2619 " comm_exec : 1, /* flag comm events that are due to exec */\n"
2620 " __reserved_1 : 39;\n"
2622 " __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
2623 " inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
2624 " pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
2625 " exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
2626 " exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
2627 " exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
2628 " exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
2629 " exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
2630 " mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
2631 " comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
2632 " freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
2633 " inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
2634 " enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
2635 " task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
2636 " watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
2637 " precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
2638 " mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
2639 " sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
2640 " exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
2641 " exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
2642 " exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
2643 " /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
2644 " exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
2645 " /* exclude user callchains */\n"
2646 " mmap2 : 1, /* include mmap with inode data */\n"
2647 " comm_exec : 1, /* flag comm events that are due to exec */\n"
2648 " __reserved_1 : 39;\n"
2651 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:241
2655 " __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
2656 " __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
2660 " __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
2661 " __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
2665 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:243
2667 msgid " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
2668 msgstr " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
2671 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:248
2675 " __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
2676 " __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
2680 " __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
2681 " __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
2685 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:258
2689 " __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
2690 " __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
2692 " __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
2693 " __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
2694 " __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
2696 " __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
2699 " __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
2700 " __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
2702 " __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
2703 " __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
2704 " __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
2706 " __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
2709 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:260
2715 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:266
2717 "The fields of the I<perf_event_attr> structure are described in more detail "
2722 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:266 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1627
2728 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:270
2730 "This field specifies the overall event type. It has one of the following "
2735 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:271
2737 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
2738 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
2741 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:278
2743 "This indicates one of the \"generalized\" hardware events provided by the "
2744 "kernel. See the I<config> field definition for more details."
2748 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:278
2750 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
2751 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
2754 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:282
2756 "This indicates one of the software-defined events provided by the kernel "
2757 "(even if no hardware support is available)."
2761 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:282
2763 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2764 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2767 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:286
2769 "This indicates a tracepoint provided by the kernel tracepoint infrastructure."
2773 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:286
2775 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
2776 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
2779 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:292
2781 "This indicates a hardware cache event. This has a special encoding, "
2782 "described in the I<config> field definition."
2786 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:292
2788 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
2789 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
2792 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
2794 "This indicates a \"raw\" implementation-specific event in the I<config> "
2799 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
2801 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
2802 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
2804 #. commit 24f1e32c60c45c89a997c73395b69c8af6f0a84e
2806 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:302
2808 "This indicates a hardware breakpoint as provided by the CPU. Breakpoints "
2809 "can be read/write accesses to an address as well as execution of an "
2810 "instruction address."
2814 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:302
2820 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:321
2822 "Since Linux 2.6.39, B<perf_event_open>() can support multiple PMUs. To "
2823 "enable this, a value exported by the kernel can be used in the I<type> field "
2824 "to indicate which PMU to use. The value to use can be found in the sysfs "
2825 "filesystem: there is a subdirectory per PMU instance under I</sys/bus/"
2826 "event_source/devices>. In each subdirectory there is a I<type> file whose "
2827 "content is an integer that can be used in the I<type> field. For instance, "
2828 "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/type> contains the value for the core "
2829 "CPU PMU, which is usually 4."
2833 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:322 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1559
2839 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:331
2841 "The size of the I<perf_event_attr> structure for forward/backward "
2842 "compatibility. Set this using I<sizeof(struct perf_event_attr)> to allow "
2843 "the kernel to see the struct size at the time of compilation."
2847 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:346
2849 "The related define B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0> is set to 64; this was the size of "
2850 "the first published struct. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER1> is 72, corresponding to "
2851 "the addition of breakpoints in Linux 2.6.33. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2> is 80 "
2852 "corresponding to the addition of branch sampling in Linux 3.4. "
2853 "B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER3> is 96 corresponding to the addition of "
2854 "I<sample_regs_user> and I<sample_stack_user> in Linux 3.7."
2858 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:346
2864 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:357
2866 "This specifies which event you want, in conjunction with the I<type> field. "
2867 "The I<config1> and I<config2> fields are also taken into account in cases "
2868 "where 64 bits is not enough to fully specify the event. The encoding of "
2869 "these fields are event dependent."
2873 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:368
2875 "There are various ways to set the I<config> field that are dependent on the "
2876 "value of the previously described I<type> field. What follows are various "
2877 "possible settings for I<config> separated out by I<type>."
2881 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:378
2883 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>, we are measuring one of the generalized "
2884 "hardware CPU events. Not all of these are available on all platforms. Set "
2885 "I<config> to one of the following:"
2889 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:379
2891 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
2892 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
2895 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
2896 msgid "Total cycles. Be wary of what happens during CPU frequency scaling."
2900 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
2902 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2903 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2906 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
2908 "Retired instructions. Be careful, these can be affected by various issues, "
2909 "most notably hardware interrupt counts."
2913 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
2915 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
2916 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
2919 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2921 "Cache accesses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache accesses but this "
2922 "may vary depending on your CPU. This may include prefetches and coherency "
2923 "messages; again this depends on the design of your CPU."
2927 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2929 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
2930 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
2933 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
2935 "Cache misses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache misses; this is "
2936 "intended to be used in conjunction with the "
2937 "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES> event to calculate cache miss rates."
2941 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
2943 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2944 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2947 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
2949 "Retired branch instructions. Prior to Linux 2.6.34, this used the wrong "
2950 "event on AMD processors."
2954 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
2956 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
2957 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
2960 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2961 msgid "Mispredicted branch instructions."
2965 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2967 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
2968 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
2971 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2972 msgid "Bus cycles, which can be different from total cycles."
2976 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2978 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (since Linux 3.0)"
2979 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
2982 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2983 msgid "Stalled cycles during issue."
2987 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2989 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (since Linux 3.0)"
2990 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
2993 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
2994 msgid "Stalled cycles during retirement."
2998 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
3000 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (since Linux 3.3)"
3001 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (Linux 3.3 以降)"
3003 #. commit c37e17497e01fc0f5d2d6feb5723b210b3ab8890
3005 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:423
3006 msgid "Total cycles; not affected by CPU frequency scaling."
3010 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:433
3012 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>, we are measuring software events "
3013 "provided by the kernel. Set I<config> to one of the following:"
3017 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:434
3019 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
3020 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
3023 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:437
3024 msgid "This reports the CPU clock, a high-resolution per-CPU timer."
3028 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:437
3030 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
3031 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
3034 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:440
3035 msgid "This reports a clock count specific to the task that is running."
3039 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:440
3041 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
3042 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
3045 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:443
3046 msgid "This reports the number of page faults."
3050 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:443
3052 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
3053 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
3056 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:448
3058 "This counts context switches. Until Linux 2.6.34, these were all reported "
3059 "as user-space events, after that they are reported as happening in the "
3064 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:448
3066 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
3067 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
3070 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:452
3071 msgid "This reports the number of times the process has migrated to a new CPU."
3075 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:452
3077 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
3078 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
3081 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:456
3083 "This counts the number of minor page faults. These did not require disk I/O "
3088 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:456
3090 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
3091 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
3094 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:460
3096 "This counts the number of major page faults. These required disk I/O to "
3101 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:460
3103 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
3104 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3106 #. commit f7d7986060b2890fc26db6ab5203efbd33aa2497
3108 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:467
3110 "This counts the number of alignment faults. These happen when unaligned "
3111 "memory accesses happen; the kernel can handle these but it reduces "
3112 "performance. This happens only on some architectures (never on x86)."
3116 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:467
3118 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
3119 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3121 #. commit f7d7986060b2890fc26db6ab5203efbd33aa2497
3123 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:474
3125 "This counts the number of emulation faults. The kernel sometimes traps on "
3126 "unimplemented instructions and emulates them for user space. This can "
3127 "negatively impact performance."
3131 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:474
3133 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY> (since Linux 3.12)"
3134 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
3136 #. commit fa0097ee690693006ab1aea6c01ad3c851b65c77
3138 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:482
3140 "This is a placeholder event that counts nothing. Informational sample "
3141 "record types such as mmap or comm must be associated with an active event. "
3142 "This dummy event allows gathering such records without requiring a counting "
3147 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:495
3149 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>, then we are measuring kernel "
3150 "tracepoints. The value to use in I<config> can be obtained from under "
3151 "debugfs I<tracing/events/*/*/id> if ftrace is enabled in the kernel."
3155 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:506
3157 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>, then we are measuring a hardware CPU "
3158 "cache event. To calculate the appropriate I<config> value use the following "
3163 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:511
3166 " (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
3167 " (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
3169 " (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
3170 " (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
3173 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:516
3174 msgid "where I<perf_hw_cache_id> is one of:"
3178 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:517
3180 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
3181 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
3184 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:520
3185 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Data Cache"
3189 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:520
3191 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
3192 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
3195 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:523
3196 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Instruction Cache"
3200 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:523
3202 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
3203 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
3206 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:526
3207 msgid "for measuring Last-Level Cache"
3211 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:526
3213 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
3214 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
3217 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:529
3218 msgid "for measuring the Data TLB"
3222 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:529
3224 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
3225 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
3228 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:532
3229 msgid "for measuring the Instruction TLB"
3233 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:532
3235 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
3236 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
3239 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:535
3240 msgid "for measuring the branch prediction unit"
3244 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:535
3246 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (since Linux 3.1)"
3247 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Linux 3.1 以降)"
3249 #. commit 89d6c0b5bdbb1927775584dcf532d98b3efe1477
3251 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:539
3252 msgid "for measuring local memory accesses"
3256 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:544
3257 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_id> is one of"
3261 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:545
3263 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
3264 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
3267 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:548
3268 msgid "for read accesses"
3272 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:548
3274 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
3275 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
3278 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:551
3279 msgid "for write accesses"
3283 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:551
3285 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
3286 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
3289 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:554
3290 msgid "for prefetch accesses"
3294 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:559
3295 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_result_id> is one of"
3299 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:560
3301 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
3302 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
3305 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:563
3306 msgid "to measure accesses"
3310 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:563
3312 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
3313 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
3316 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:566
3317 msgid "to measure misses"
3321 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:584
3323 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>, then a custom \"raw\" I<config> value is "
3324 "needed. Most CPUs support events that are not covered by the \"generalized"
3325 "\" events. These are implementation defined; see your CPU manual (for "
3326 "example the Intel Volume 3B documentation or the AMD BIOS and Kernel "
3327 "Developer Guide). The libpfm4 library can be used to translate from the "
3328 "name in the architectural manuals to the raw hex value B<perf_event_open>() "
3329 "expects in this field."
3333 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:593
3335 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>, then leave I<config> set to zero. "
3336 "Its parameters are set in other places."
3340 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:594
3342 msgid "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
3343 msgstr "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
3346 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:606
3348 "A \"sampling\" event is one that generates an overflow notification every N "
3349 "events, where N is given by I<sample_period>. A sampling event has "
3350 "I<sample_period> E<gt> 0. When an overflow occurs, requested data is "
3351 "recorded in the mmap buffer. The I<sample_type> field controls what data is "
3352 "recorded on each overflow."
3356 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:616
3358 "I<sample_freq> can be used if you wish to use frequency rather than period. "
3359 "In this case, you set the I<freq> flag. The kernel will adjust the sampling "
3360 "period to try and achieve the desired rate. The rate of adjustment is a "
3365 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:616
3367 msgid "I<sample_type>"
3368 msgstr "I<sample_type>"
3371 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:628
3373 "The various bits in this field specify which values to include in the "
3374 "sample. They will be recorded in a ring-buffer, which is available to user "
3375 "space using B<mmap>(2). The order in which the values are saved in the "
3376 "sample are documented in the MMAP Layout subsection below; it is not the "
3377 "I<enum perf_event_sample_format> order."
3381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:629
3383 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
3384 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
3387 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:632
3388 msgid "Records instruction pointer."
3392 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:632
3394 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
3395 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
3398 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:635
3399 msgid "Records the process and thread IDs."
3403 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:635
3405 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
3406 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
3409 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:638
3410 msgid "Records a timestamp."
3414 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:638
3416 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
3417 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
3420 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
3421 msgid "Records an address, if applicable."
3425 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
3427 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
3428 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
3431 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:644
3433 "Record counter values for all events in a group, not just the group leader."
3437 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:644
3439 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
3440 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
3443 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:647
3444 msgid "Records the callchain (stack backtrace)."
3448 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:647
3450 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
3451 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
3454 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:650
3455 msgid "Records a unique ID for the opened event's group leader."
3459 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:650
3461 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
3462 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
3465 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:653
3466 msgid "Records CPU number."
3470 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:653
3472 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
3473 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
3476 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:656
3477 msgid "Records the current sampling period."
3481 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:656
3483 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
3484 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
3487 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:664
3489 "Records a unique ID for the opened event. Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the "
3490 "actual ID is returned, not the group leader. This ID is the same as the one "
3491 "returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
3495 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:664
3497 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
3498 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
3501 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:668
3503 "Records additional data, if applicable. Usually returned by tracepoint "
3508 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:668
3510 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (since Linux 3.4)"
3511 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
3513 #. commit bce38cd53e5ddba9cb6d708c4ef3d04a4016ec7e
3515 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:674
3517 "This provides a record of recent branches, as provided by CPU branch "
3518 "sampling hardware (such as Intel Last Branch Record). Not all hardware "
3519 "supports this feature."
3523 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:678
3525 "See the I<branch_sample_type> field for how to filter which branches are "
3530 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:678
3532 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (since Linux 3.7)"
3533 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
3535 #. commit 4018994f3d8785275ef0e7391b75c3462c029e56
3537 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:683
3539 "Records the current user-level CPU register state (the values in the process "
3540 "before the kernel was called)."
3544 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:683
3546 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (since Linux 3.7)"
3547 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
3549 #. commit c5ebcedb566ef17bda7b02686e0d658a7bb42ee7
3551 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:687
3552 msgid "Records the user level stack, allowing stack unwinding."
3556 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:687
3558 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (since Linux 3.10)"
3559 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3561 #. commit c3feedf2aaf9ac8bad6f19f5d21e4ee0b4b87e9c
3563 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:694
3565 "Records a hardware provided weight value that expresses how costly the "
3566 "sampled event was. This allows the hardware to highlight expensive events "
3571 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:694
3573 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (since Linux 3.10)"
3574 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3576 #. commit d6be9ad6c960f43800a6f118932bc8a5a4eadcd1
3578 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:701
3580 "Records the data source: where in the memory hierarchy the data associated "
3581 "with the sampled instruction came from. This is only available if the "
3582 "underlying hardware supports this feature."
3586 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:701
3588 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> (since Linux 3.12)"
3589 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
3591 #. commit ff3d527cebc1fa3707c617bfe9e74f53fcfb0955
3593 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:709
3595 "Places the B<SAMPLE_ID> value in a fixed position in the record, either at "
3596 "the beginning (for sample events) or at the end (if a non-sample event)."
3600 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:721
3602 "This was necessary because a sample stream may have records from various "
3603 "different event sources with different I<sample_type> settings. Parsing the "
3604 "event stream properly was not possible because the format of the record was "
3605 "needed to find B<SAMPLE_ID>, but the format could not be found without "
3606 "knowing what event the sample belonged to (causing a circular dependency)."
3610 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:731
3612 "The B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> setting makes the event stream always parsable "
3613 "by putting B<SAMPLE_ID> in a fixed location, even though it means having "
3614 "duplicate B<SAMPLE_ID> values in records."
3618 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:731
3620 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> (since Linux 3.13)"
3621 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> (Linux 3.13 以降)"
3623 #. commit fdfbbd07e91f8fe387140776f3fd94605f0c89e5
3625 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:736
3627 "Records reasons for transactional memory abort events (for example, from "
3628 "Intel TSX transactional memory support)."
3632 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:744
3634 "The I<precise_ip> setting must be greater than 0 and a transactional memory "
3635 "abort event must be measured or no values will be recorded. Also note that "
3636 "some perf_event measurements, such as sampled cycle counting, may cause "
3637 "extraneous aborts (by causing an interrupt during a transaction)."
3641 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:745
3643 msgid "I<read_format>"
3644 msgstr "I<read_format>"
3647 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:752
3649 "This field specifies the format of the data returned by B<read>(2) on a "
3650 "B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor."
3654 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:753
3656 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
3657 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
3660 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:760
3662 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_enabled> field. This can be used to calculate "
3663 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3667 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:760
3669 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
3670 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
3673 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:767
3675 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_running> field. This can be used to calculate "
3676 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3680 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:767
3682 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
3683 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
3686 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:770
3687 msgid "Adds a 64-bit unique value that corresponds to the event group."
3691 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:770
3693 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
3694 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
3697 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:773
3698 msgid "Allows all counter values in an event group to be read with one read."
3702 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:774
3705 msgstr "I<disabled>"
3708 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:784
3710 "The I<disabled> bit specifies whether the counter starts out disabled or "
3711 "enabled. If disabled, the event can later be enabled by B<ioctl>(2), "
3712 "B<prctl>(2), or I<enable_on_exec>."
3716 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:795
3718 "When creating an event group, typically the group leader is initialized with "
3719 "I<disabled> set to 1 and any child events are initialized with I<disabled> "
3720 "set to 0. Despite I<disabled> being 0, the child events will not start "
3721 "until the group leader is enabled."
3725 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:795
3731 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:804
3733 "The I<inherit> bit specifies that this counter should count events of child "
3734 "tasks as well as the task specified. This applies only to new children, not "
3735 "to any existing children at the time the counter is created (nor to any new "
3736 "children of existing children)."
3740 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:809
3742 "Inherit does not work for some combinations of I<read_format>s, such as "
3743 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>."
3747 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:809
3753 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:822
3755 "The I<pinned> bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if "
3756 "at all possible. It applies only to hardware counters and only to group "
3757 "leaders. If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because "
3758 "there are not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some "
3759 "other event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads "
3760 "return end-of-file (i.e., B<read>(2) returns 0) until the counter is "
3761 "subsequently enabled or disabled."
3765 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:822
3767 msgid "I<exclusive>"
3768 msgstr "I<exclusive>"
3771 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:831
3773 "The I<exclusive> bit specifies that when this counter's group is on the CPU, "
3774 "it should be the only group using the CPU's counters. In the future this "
3775 "may allow monitoring programs to support PMU features that need to run alone "
3776 "so that they do not disrupt other hardware counters."
3780 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:838
3782 "Note that many unexpected situations may prevent events with the "
3783 "I<exclusive> bit set from ever running. This includes any users running a "
3784 "system-wide measurement as well as any kernel use of the performance "
3785 "counters (including the commonly enabled NMI Watchdog Timer interface)."
3789 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:838
3791 msgid "I<exclude_user>"
3792 msgstr "I<exclude_user>"
3795 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:841
3797 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in user space."
3801 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:841
3803 msgid "I<exclude_kernel>"
3804 msgstr "I<exclude_kernel>"
3807 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:844
3809 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in kernel-space."
3813 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:844
3815 msgid "I<exclude_hv>"
3816 msgstr "I<exclude_hv>"
3819 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:852
3821 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in the "
3822 "hypervisor. This is mainly for PMUs that have built-in support for handling "
3823 "this (such as POWER). Extra support is needed for handling hypervisor "
3824 "measurements on most machines."
3828 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:852
3830 msgid "I<exclude_idle>"
3831 msgstr "I<exclude_idle>"
3834 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:855
3835 msgid "If set, don't count when the CPU is idle."
3839 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:855
3845 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:869
3847 "The I<mmap> bit enables generation of B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> samples for every "
3848 "B<mmap>(2) call that has B<PROT_EXEC> set. This allows tools to notice new "
3849 "executable code being mapped into a program (dynamic shared libraries for "
3850 "example) so that addresses can be mapped back to the original code."
3854 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:869 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1719
3860 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:887
3862 "The I<comm> bit enables tracking of process command name as modified by the "
3863 "B<exec>(2) and B<prctl>(PR_SET_NAME) system calls as well as writing to I</"
3864 "proc/self/comm>. If the I<comm_exec> flag is also successfully set "
3865 "(possible since Linux 3.16), then the misc flag "
3866 "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC> can be used to differentiate the B<exec>(2) "
3867 "case from the others."
3871 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:887
3877 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:894
3879 "If this bit is set, then I<sample_frequency> not I<sample_period> is used "
3880 "when setting up the sampling interval."
3884 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:894
3886 msgid "I<inherit_stat>"
3887 msgstr "I<inherit_stat>"
3890 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:901
3892 "This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for inherited "
3893 "tasks. This is meaningful only if the I<inherit> field is set."
3897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:901
3899 msgid "I<enable_on_exec>"
3900 msgstr "I<enable_on_exec>"
3903 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:906
3905 "If this bit is set, a counter is automatically enabled after a call to "
3910 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:906
3916 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:910
3918 "If this bit is set, then fork/exit notifications are included in the ring "
3923 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:910
3925 msgid "I<watermark>"
3926 msgstr "I<watermark>"
3929 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:918
3931 "If set, have an overflow notification happen when we cross the "
3932 "I<wakeup_watermark> boundary. Otherwise, overflow notifications happen "
3933 "after I<wakeup_events> samples."
3937 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:918
3939 msgid "I<precise_ip> (since Linux 2.6.35)"
3940 msgstr "I<precise_ip> (Linux 2.6.35 以降)"
3943 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:928
3945 "This controls the amount of skid. Skid is how many instructions execute "
3946 "between an event of interest happening and the kernel being able to stop and "
3947 "record the event. Smaller skid is better and allows more accurate reporting "
3948 "of which events correspond to which instructions, but hardware is often "
3949 "limited with how small this can be."
3953 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:930
3954 msgid "The values of this are the following:"
3958 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:931
3964 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:935
3965 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> can have arbitrary skid."
3969 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:935
3975 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:939
3976 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have constant skid."
3980 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:939
3986 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:943
3987 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> requested to have 0 skid."
3991 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:943
3997 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:949
3998 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have 0 skid. See also B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>."
4002 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:950
4004 msgid "I<mmap_data> (since Linux 2.6.36)"
4005 msgstr "I<mmap_data> (Linux 2.6.36 以降)"
4008 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:962
4010 "The counterpart of the I<mmap> field. This enables generation of "
4011 "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> samples for B<mmap>(2) calls that do not have "
4012 "B<PROT_EXEC> set (for example data and SysV shared memory)."
4016 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:962
4018 msgid "I<sample_id_all> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
4019 msgstr "I<sample_id_all> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
4022 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:970
4024 "If set, then TID, TIME, ID, STREAM_ID, and CPU can additionally be included "
4025 "in non-B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>s if the corresponding I<sample_type> is "
4030 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:978
4032 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> is specified, then an additional ID value is "
4033 "included as the last value to ease parsing the record stream. This may lead "
4034 "to the I<id> value appearing twice."
4038 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:980
4039 msgid "The layout is described by this pseudo-structure:"
4043 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:990
4046 "struct sample_id {\n"
4047 " { u32 pid, tid; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID set */\n"
4048 " { u64 time; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME set */\n"
4049 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID set */\n"
4050 " { u64 stream_id;} /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID set */\n"
4051 " { u32 cpu, res; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU set */\n"
4052 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER set */\n"
4055 "struct sample_id {\n"
4056 " { u32 pid, tid; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID set */\n"
4057 " { u64 time; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME set */\n"
4058 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID set */\n"
4059 " { u64 stream_id;} /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID set */\n"
4060 " { u32 cpu, res; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU set */\n"
4061 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER set */\n"
4065 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:991
4067 msgid "I<exclude_host> (since Linux 3.2)"
4068 msgstr "I<exclude_host> (Linux 3.2 以降)"
4071 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994
4072 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM host."
4076 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994
4078 msgid "I<exclude_guest> (since Linux 3.2)"
4079 msgstr "I<exclude_guest> (Linux 3.2 以降)"
4082 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:997
4083 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM guest."
4087 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:997
4089 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (since Linux 3.7)"
4090 msgstr "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4093 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1000
4094 msgid "Do not include kernel callchains."
4098 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1000
4100 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4101 msgstr "I<exclude_callchain_user> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4104 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1003
4105 msgid "Do not include user callchains."
4109 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1003
4111 msgid "I<mmap2> (since Linux 3.16)"
4112 msgstr "I<mmap2> (Linux 3.16 以降)"
4115 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1010
4117 "Generate an extended executable mmap record that contains enough additional "
4118 "information to uniquely identify shared mappings. The I<mmap> flag must "
4119 "also be set for this to work."
4123 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1010
4125 msgid "I<comm_exec> (since Linux 3.16)"
4126 msgstr "I<comm_exec> (Linux 3.16 以降)"
4129 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1025
4131 "This is purely a feature-detection flag, it does not change kernel "
4132 "behavior. If this flag can successfully be set, then, when I<comm> is "
4133 "enabled, the B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC> flag will be set in the I<misc> "
4134 "field of a comm record header if the rename event being reported was caused "
4135 "by a call to B<exec>(2). This allows tools to distinguish between the "
4136 "various types of process renaming."
4140 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1025
4142 msgid "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
4143 msgstr "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
4146 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1035
4148 "This union sets how many samples (I<wakeup_events>) or bytes "
4149 "(I<wakeup_watermark>) happen before an overflow notification happens. "
4150 "Which one is used is selected by the I<watermark> bit flag."
4154 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1045
4156 "I<wakeup_events> only counts B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> record types. To receive "
4157 "overflow notification for all B<PERF_RECORD> types choose watermark and set "
4158 "I<wakeup_watermark> to 1."
4162 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1050
4164 "Prior to Linux 3.0 setting I<wakeup_events> to 0 resulted in no overflow "
4165 "notifications; more recent kernels treat 0 the same as 1."
4169 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1050
4171 msgid "I<bp_type> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4172 msgstr "I<bp_type> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4175 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1054
4176 msgid "This chooses the breakpoint type. It is one of:"
4180 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1055
4182 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
4183 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
4186 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1058
4187 msgid "No breakpoint."
4191 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1058
4193 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
4194 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
4197 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1061
4198 msgid "Count when we read the memory location."
4202 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1061
4204 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
4205 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
4208 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1064
4209 msgid "Count when we write the memory location."
4213 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1064
4215 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
4216 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
4219 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1067
4220 msgid "Count when we read or write the memory location."
4224 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1067
4226 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
4227 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
4230 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1070
4231 msgid "Count when we execute code at the memory location."
4235 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1079
4237 "The values can be combined via a bitwise or, but the combination of "
4238 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R> or B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W> with B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X> is not "
4243 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1080
4245 msgid "I<bp_addr> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4246 msgstr "I<bp_addr> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4249 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1087
4251 "I<bp_addr> address of the breakpoint. For execution breakpoints this is the "
4252 "memory address of the instruction of interest; for read and write "
4253 "breakpoints it is the memory address of the memory location of interest."
4257 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1087
4259 msgid "I<config1> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
4260 msgstr "I<config1> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)"
4263 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1094
4265 "I<config1> is used for setting events that need an extra register or "
4266 "otherwise do not fit in the regular config field. Raw OFFCORE_EVENTS on "
4267 "Nehalem/Westmere/SandyBridge use this field on 3.3 and later kernels."
4271 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1094
4273 msgid "I<bp_len> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4274 msgstr "I<bp_len> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4277 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1108
4279 "I<bp_len> is the length of the breakpoint being measured if I<type> is "
4280 "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>. Options are B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1>, "
4281 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_8>. For "
4282 "an execution breakpoint, set this to I<sizeof(long)>."
4286 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1108
4288 msgid "I<config2> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
4289 msgstr "I<config2> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)"
4292 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1115
4293 msgid "I<config2> is a further extension of the I<config1> field."
4297 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1115
4299 msgid "I<branch_sample_type> (since Linux 3.4)"
4300 msgstr "I<branch_sample_type> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
4303 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1121
4305 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then this specifies what branches "
4306 "to include in the branch record."
4310 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1127
4312 "The first part of the value is the privilege level, which is a combination "
4313 "of one of the following values. If the user does not set privilege level "
4314 "explicitly, the kernel will use the event's privilege level. Event and "
4315 "branch privilege levels do not have to match."
4319 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1128
4321 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER>"
4325 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1131
4326 msgid "Branch target is in user space."
4330 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1131
4332 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL>"
4336 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
4337 msgid "Branch target is in kernel space."
4341 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
4343 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV>"
4347 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1137
4348 msgid "Branch target is in hypervisor."
4352 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1137
4354 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_PLM_ALL>"
4358 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1140
4359 msgid "A convenience value that is the three preceding values ORed together."
4363 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1144
4365 "In addition to the privilege value, at least one or more of the following "
4370 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1145
4372 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY>"
4376 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1148
4377 msgid "Any branch type."
4381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1148
4383 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL>"
4387 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1151
4388 msgid "Any call branch."
4392 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1151
4394 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN>"
4398 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1154
4399 msgid "Any return branch."
4403 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1154
4405 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL>"
4409 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1157
4410 msgid "Indirect calls."
4414 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1157
4416 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND> (since Linux 3.16)"
4417 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND> (Linux 3.16 以降)"
4419 #. commit bac52139f0b7ab31330e98fd87fc5a2664951050
4421 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1161
4422 msgid "Conditional branches."
4426 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1161
4428 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ABORT_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4429 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ABORT_TX> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
4431 #. commit 135c5612c460f89657c4698fe2ea753f6f667963
4433 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1165
4434 msgid "Transactional memory aborts."
4438 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1165
4440 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IN_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4441 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IN_TX> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
4443 #. commit 135c5612c460f89657c4698fe2ea753f6f667963
4445 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1169
4446 msgid "Branch in transactional memory transaction."
4450 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1169
4452 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4453 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_TX> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
4455 #. commit 135c5612c460f89657c4698fe2ea753f6f667963
4457 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1173
4458 msgid "Branch not in transactional memory transaction."
4462 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1175
4464 msgid "I<sample_regs_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4465 msgstr "I<sample_regs_user> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4468 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1181
4470 "This bit mask defines the set of user CPU registers to dump on samples. The "
4471 "layout of the register mask is architecture-specific and described in the "
4472 "kernel header I<arch/ARCH/include/uapi/asm/perf_regs.h>."
4476 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1181
4478 msgid "I<sample_stack_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4479 msgstr "I<sample_stack_user> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4482 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1186
4484 "This defines the size of the user stack to dump if B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> "
4489 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1186
4491 msgid "Reading results"
4495 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1196
4497 "Once a B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor has been opened, the values of "
4498 "the events can be read from the file descriptor. The values that are there "
4499 "are specified by the I<read_format> field in the I<attr> structure at open "
4504 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1201
4506 "If you attempt to read into a buffer that is not big enough to hold the data "
4507 "B<ENOSPC> is returned"
4511 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1203
4512 msgid "Here is the layout of the data returned by a read:"
4516 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1203 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1221
4517 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1735 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1745
4518 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1753 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1759
4519 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1888 build/C/man2/splice.2:55
4520 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:61 build/C/man2/splice.2:70
4526 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1207
4528 "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified to allow reading all events in a group "
4533 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1219
4536 "struct read_format {\n"
4537 " u64 nr; /* The number of events */\n"
4538 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4539 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4541 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4542 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4548 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1227
4549 msgid "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was I<not> specified:"
4553 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1236
4556 "struct read_format {\n"
4557 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4558 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4559 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4560 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4565 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1240
4566 msgid "The values read are as follows:"
4570 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1240
4576 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1246
4578 "The number of events in this file descriptor. Only available if "
4579 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified."
4583 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1246
4585 msgid "I<time_enabled>, I<time_running>"
4589 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1258
4591 "Total time the event was enabled and running. Normally these are the same. "
4592 "If more events are started, then available counter slots on the PMU, then "
4593 "multiplexing happens and events run only part of the time. In that case, "
4594 "the I<time_enabled> and I<time running> values can be used to scale an "
4595 "estimated value for the count."
4599 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1258
4605 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1261
4606 msgid "An unsigned 64-bit value containing the counter result."
4610 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1261 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1690
4611 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1856
4617 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1267
4619 "A globally unique value for this particular event, only there if "
4620 "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID> was specified in I<read_format>."
4624 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1267
4630 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1277
4632 "When using B<perf_event_open>() in sampled mode, asynchronous events (like "
4633 "counter overflow or B<PROT_EXEC> mmap tracking) are logged into a ring-"
4634 "buffer. This ring-buffer is created and accessed through B<mmap>(2)."
4638 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1283
4640 "The mmap size should be 1+2^n pages, where the first page is a metadata page "
4641 "(I<struct perf_event_mmap_page>) that contains various bits of information "
4642 "such as where the ring-buffer head is."
4646 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1286
4648 "Before kernel 2.6.39, there is a bug that means you must allocate a mmap "
4649 "ring buffer when sampling even if you do not plan to access it."
4653 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1288
4654 msgid "The structure of the first metadata mmap page is as follows:"
4658 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1317
4661 "struct perf_event_mmap_page {\n"
4662 " __u32 version; /* version number of this structure */\n"
4663 " __u32 compat_version; /* lowest version this is compat with */\n"
4664 " __u32 lock; /* seqlock for synchronization */\n"
4665 " __u32 index; /* hardware counter identifier */\n"
4666 " __s64 offset; /* add to hardware counter value */\n"
4667 " __u64 time_enabled; /* time event active */\n"
4668 " __u64 time_running; /* time event on CPU */\n"
4670 " __u64 capabilities;\n"
4672 " __u64 cap_usr_time / cap_usr_rdpmc / cap_bit0 : 1,\n"
4673 " cap_bit0_is_deprecated : 1,\n"
4674 " cap_user_rdpmc : 1,\n"
4675 " cap_user_time : 1,\n"
4676 " cap_user_time_zero : 1,\n"
4679 " __u16 pmc_width;\n"
4680 " __u16 time_shift;\n"
4681 " __u32 time_mult;\n"
4682 " __u64 time_offset;\n"
4683 " __u64 __reserved[120]; /* Pad to 1k */\n"
4684 " __u64 data_head; /* head in the data section */\n"
4685 " __u64 data_tail; /* user-space written tail */\n"
4690 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1323
4692 "The following list describes the fields in the I<perf_event_mmap_page> "
4693 "structure in more detail:"
4697 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1323
4703 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1326
4704 msgid "Version number of this structure."
4708 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1326
4710 msgid "I<compat_version>"
4714 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1329
4715 msgid "The lowest version this is compatible with."
4719 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1329
4725 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1332
4726 msgid "A seqlock for synchronization."
4730 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1332
4736 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1335
4737 msgid "A unique hardware counter identifier."
4741 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1335
4747 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1340
4749 "When using rdpmc for reads this offset value must be added to the one "
4750 "returned by rdpmc to get the current total event count."
4754 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1340
4756 msgid "I<time_enabled>"
4760 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1343
4761 msgid "Time the event was active."
4765 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1343
4767 msgid "I<time_running>"
4771 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1346
4772 msgid "Time the event was running."
4776 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1346
4778 msgid "I<cap_usr_time> / I<cap_usr_rdpmc> / I<cap_bit0> (since Linux 3.4)"
4782 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1359
4784 "There was a bug in the definition of I<cap_usr_time> and I<cap_usr_rdpmc> "
4785 "from Linux 3.4 until Linux 3.11. Both bits were defined to point to the "
4786 "same location, so it was impossible to know if I<cap_usr_time> or "
4787 "I<cap_usr_rdpmc> were actually set."
4791 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1367
4793 "Starting with Linux 3.12, these are renamed to I<cap_bit0> and you should "
4794 "use the I<cap_user_time> and I<cap_user_rdpmc> fields instead."
4798 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1368
4800 msgid "I<cap_bit0_is_deprecated> (since Linux 3.12)"
4801 msgstr "I<cap_bit0_is_deprecated> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
4804 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1376
4806 "If set, this bit indicates that the kernel supports the properly separated "
4807 "I<cap_user_time> and I<cap_user_rdpmc> bits."
4811 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1383
4813 "If not-set, it indicates an older kernel where I<cap_usr_time> and "
4814 "I<cap_usr_rdpmc> map to the same bit and thus both features should be used "
4819 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1384
4821 msgid "I<cap_user_rdpmc> (since Linux 3.12)"
4822 msgstr "I<cap_user_rdpmc> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
4825 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1389
4827 "If the hardware supports user-space read of performance counters without "
4828 "syscall (this is the \"rdpmc\" instruction on x86), then the following code "
4829 "can be used to do a read:"
4833 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1395
4836 "u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
4837 "u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
4838 "u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
4840 "u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
4841 "u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
4842 "u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
4845 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1401
4849 " seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
4851 " enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
4852 " running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
4855 " seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
4857 " enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
4858 " running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
4861 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1408
4864 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
4866 " time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
4867 " time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
4868 " time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
4871 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
4873 " time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
4874 " time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
4875 " time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
4879 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1411
4882 " idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
4883 " count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
4885 " idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
4886 " count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
4889 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1416
4892 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
4893 " width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
4894 " count += rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
4897 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
4898 " width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
4899 " count += rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
4903 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1419
4907 "} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
4910 "} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
4913 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1421
4915 msgid "I<cap_user_time> (since Linux 3.12)"
4916 msgstr "I<cap_user_time> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
4919 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1425
4921 "This bit indicates the hardware has a constant, nonstop timestamp counter "
4926 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1425
4928 msgid "I<cap_user_time_zero> (since Linux 3.12)"
4929 msgstr "I<cap_user_time_zero> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
4932 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1431
4934 "Indicates the presence of I<time_zero> which allows mapping timestamp values "
4935 "to the hardware clock."
4939 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1431
4941 msgid "I<pmc_width>"
4942 msgstr "I<pmc_width>"
4945 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1438
4947 "If I<cap_usr_rdpmc>, this field provides the bit-width of the value read "
4948 "using the rdpmc or equivalent instruction. This can be used to sign extend "
4953 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1444
4956 "pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
4957 "pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
4960 "pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
4961 "pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
4965 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1446
4967 msgid "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
4968 msgstr "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
4971 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1453
4973 "If I<cap_usr_time>, these fields can be used to compute the time delta since "
4974 "time_enabled (in nanoseconds) using rdtsc or similar."
4978 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1461
4983 " quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4984 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
4985 " delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
4986 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4990 " quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4991 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
4992 " delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
4993 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4996 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1473
4998 "Where I<time_offset>, I<time_mult>, I<time_shift>, and I<cyc> are read in "
4999 "the seqcount loop described above. This delta can then be added to enabled "
5000 "and possible running (if idx), improving the scaling:"
5004 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1481
5007 " enabled += delta;\n"
5009 " running += delta;\n"
5010 " quot = count / running;\n"
5011 " rem = count % running;\n"
5012 " count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
5014 " enabled += delta;\n"
5016 " running += delta;\n"
5017 " quot = count / running;\n"
5018 " rem = count % running;\n"
5019 " count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
5022 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1482
5024 msgid "I<time_zero> (since Linux 3.12)"
5025 msgstr "I<time_zero> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
5028 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1490
5030 "If I<cap_usr_time_zero> is set, then the hardware clock (the TSC timestamp "
5031 "counter on x86) can be calculated from the I<time_zero>, I<time_mult>, and "
5032 "I<time_shift> values:"
5036 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1496
5039 " time = timestamp - time_zero;\n"
5040 " quot = time / time_mult;\n"
5041 " rem = time % time_mult;\n"
5042 " cyc = (quot E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) + (rem E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) / time_mult;\n"
5044 " time = timestamp - time_zero;\n"
5045 " quot = time / time_mult;\n"
5046 " rem = time % time_mult;\n"
5047 " cyc = (quot E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) + (rem E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) / time_mult;\n"
5050 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1499
5051 msgid "And vice versa:"
5055 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1505
5058 " quot = cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift;\n"
5059 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
5060 " timestamp = time_zero + quot * time_mult +\n"
5061 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
5063 " quot = cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift;\n"
5064 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
5065 " timestamp = time_zero + quot * time_mult +\n"
5066 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
5069 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1506
5071 msgid "I<data_head>"
5072 msgstr "I<data_head>"
5075 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1512
5077 "This points to the head of the data section. The value continuously "
5078 "increases, it does not wrap. The value needs to be manually wrapped by the "
5079 "size of the mmap buffer before accessing the samples."
5083 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1517
5085 "On SMP-capable platforms, after reading the I<data_head> value, user space "
5086 "should issue an rmb()."
5090 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1517
5092 msgid "I<data_tail>"
5093 msgstr "I<data_tail>"
5096 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1525
5098 "When the mapping is B<PROT_WRITE>, the I<data_tail> value should be written "
5099 "by user space to reflect the last read data. In this case, the kernel will "
5100 "not overwrite unread data."
5104 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1527
5105 msgid "The following 2^n ring-buffer pages have the layout described below."
5109 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1541
5111 "If I<perf_event_attr.sample_id_all> is set, then all event types will have "
5112 "the sample_type selected fields related to where/when (identity) an event "
5113 "took place (TID, TIME, ID, CPU, STREAM_ID) described in "
5114 "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> below, it will be stashed just after the "
5115 "I<perf_event_header> and the fields already present for the existing fields, "
5116 "that is, at the end of the payload. That way a newer perf.data file will be "
5117 "supported by older perf tools, with these new optional fields being ignored."
5121 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1543
5122 msgid "The mmap values start with a header:"
5126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1551
5129 "struct perf_event_header {\n"
5135 "struct perf_event_header {\n"
5142 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1559
5144 "Below, we describe the I<perf_event_header> fields in more detail. For ease "
5145 "of reading, the fields with shorter descriptions are presented first."
5149 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1562
5150 msgid "This indicates the size of the record."
5154 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1562
5160 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
5161 msgid "The I<misc> field contains additional information about the sample."
5165 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1572
5167 "The CPU mode can be determined from this value by masking with "
5168 "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_MASK> and looking for one of the following (note "
5169 "these are not bit masks, only one can be set at a time):"
5173 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1573
5175 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
5176 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
5179 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1576
5180 msgid "Unknown CPU mode."
5184 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1576
5186 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
5187 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
5190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1579
5191 msgid "Sample happened in the kernel."
5195 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1579
5197 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
5198 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
5201 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1582
5202 msgid "Sample happened in user code."
5206 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1582
5208 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
5209 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
5212 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1585
5213 msgid "Sample happened in the hypervisor."
5217 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1585
5219 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL> (since Linux2.6.35)"
5220 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL> (Linux 2.6.35 以降)"
5222 #. commit 39447b386c846bbf1c56f6403c5282837486200f
5224 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1589
5225 msgid "Sample happened in the guest kernel."
5229 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1589
5231 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER (since Linux2.6.35)>"
5232 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER (Linux 2.6.35 以降)>"
5234 #. commit 39447b386c846bbf1c56f6403c5282837486200f
5236 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1593
5237 msgid "Sample happened in guest user code."
5241 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1597
5242 msgid "In addition, one of the following bits can be set:"
5246 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1597
5248 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA> (since Linux 3.10)"
5249 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
5251 #. commit 2fe85427e3bf65d791700d065132772fc26e4d75
5253 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1602
5255 "This is set when the mapping is not executable; otherwise the mapping is "
5260 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1602
5262 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC> (since Linux 3.16)"
5263 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC> (Linux 3.16 以降)"
5265 #. commit 82b897782d10fcc4930c9d4a15b175348fdd2871
5267 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1614
5269 "This is set for a B<PERF_RECORD_COMM> record on kernels more recent than "
5270 "Linux 3.16 if a process name change was caused by an B<exec>(2) system "
5271 "call. It is an alias for B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA> since the two values "
5272 "would not be set in the same record."
5276 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1614
5278 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
5279 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
5282 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1622
5284 "This indicates that the content of B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> points to the actual "
5285 "instruction that triggered the event. See also I<perf_event_attr."
5290 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1622
5292 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED> (since Linux 2.6.35)"
5293 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED> (Linux 2.6.35 以降)"
5295 #. commit 1676b8a077c352085d52578fb4f29350b58b6e74
5297 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1626
5298 msgid "This indicates there is extended data available (currently not used)."
5302 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1636
5304 "The I<type> value is one of the below. The values in the corresponding "
5305 "record (that follows the header) depend on the I<type> selected as shown."
5309 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1638
5311 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
5312 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
5315 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1645
5317 "The MMAP events record the B<PROT_EXEC> mappings so that we can correlate "
5318 "user-space IPs to code. They have the following structure:"
5322 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1656
5326 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5331 " char filename[];\n"
5335 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5340 " char filename[];\n"
5344 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1659 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1713
5345 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2232
5351 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1662 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1716
5352 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2235
5353 msgid "is the process ID."
5357 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1662 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1716
5358 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2235
5364 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1665 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1719
5365 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2238
5366 msgid "is the thread ID."
5370 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1665 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1849
5371 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2238
5377 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1674
5379 "is the address of the allocated memory. I<len> is the length of the "
5380 "allocated memory. I<pgoff> is the page offset of the allocated memory. "
5381 "I<filename> is a string describing the backing of the allocated memory."
5385 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1675
5387 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
5388 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
5391 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1678
5392 msgid "This record indicates when events are lost."
5396 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1687
5400 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5403 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5407 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5410 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5414 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1693
5415 msgid "is the unique event ID for the samples that were lost."
5419 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1693
5425 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1696
5426 msgid "is the number of events that were lost."
5430 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1697
5432 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
5433 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
5436 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1700
5437 msgid "This record indicates a change in the process name."
5441 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1710
5445 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5449 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5453 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5457 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5461 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1722
5462 msgid "is a string containing the new name of the process."
5466 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1723
5468 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5469 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5472 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1726
5473 msgid "This record indicates a process exit event."
5477 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1736 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1766
5481 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5485 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5489 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5493 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5497 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1738
5499 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
5500 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
5503 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1741
5504 msgid "This record indicates a throttle/unthrottle event."
5508 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1751
5512 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5516 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5520 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5524 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5528 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1753
5530 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
5531 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
5534 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1756
5535 msgid "This record indicates a fork event."
5539 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1768
5541 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
5542 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
5545 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1771
5546 msgid "This record indicates a read event."
5550 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1780
5554 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5556 " struct read_format values;\n"
5557 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5561 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5563 " struct read_format values;\n"
5564 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5568 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1782
5570 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
5571 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
5574 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1785
5575 msgid "This record indicates a sample."
5579 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1817
5583 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5584 " u64 sample_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER */\n"
5585 " u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
5586 " u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
5587 " u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
5588 " u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
5589 " u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
5590 " u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
5591 " u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
5592 " u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
5593 " struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
5594 " u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5595 " u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5596 " u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5597 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5598 " u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5599 " struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
5600 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5601 " u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5602 " u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
5603 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5604 " u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5605 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5606 " u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5607 " u64 weight; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT */\n"
5608 " u64 data_src; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC */\n"
5609 " u64 transaction;/* if PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION */\n"
5613 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5614 " u64 sample_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER */\n"
5615 " u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
5616 " u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
5617 " u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
5618 " u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
5619 " u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
5620 " u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
5621 " u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
5622 " u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
5623 " struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
5624 " u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5625 " u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5626 " u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5627 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5628 " u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5629 " struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
5630 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5631 " u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5632 " u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
5633 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5634 " u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5635 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5636 " u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5637 " u64 weight; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT */\n"
5638 " u64 data_src; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC */\n"
5639 " u64 transaction;/* if PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION */\n"
5643 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1819
5645 msgid "I<sample_id>"
5646 msgstr "I<sample_id>"
5649 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1829
5651 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
5652 "This is a duplication of the B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> I<id> value, but included at "
5653 "the beginning of the sample so parsers can easily obtain the value."
5657 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1829
5663 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1835
5665 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> is enabled, then a 64-bit instruction pointer value is "
5670 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1835
5672 msgid "I<pid>, I<tid>"
5673 msgstr "I<pid>, I<tid>"
5676 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1841
5678 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID> is enabled, then a 32-bit process ID and 32-bit thread "
5683 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1841
5689 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1849
5691 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME> is enabled, then a 64-bit timestamp is included. "
5692 "This is obtained via local_clock() which is a hardware timestamp if "
5693 "available and the jiffies value if not."
5697 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1856
5699 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR> is enabled, then a 64-bit address is included. This "
5700 "is usually the address of a tracepoint, breakpoint, or software event; "
5701 "otherwise the value is 0."
5705 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1864
5707 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. If the "
5708 "event is a member of an event group, the group leader ID is returned. This "
5709 "ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
5713 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1864
5715 msgid "I<stream_id>"
5716 msgstr "I<stream_id>"
5719 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1874
5721 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
5722 "Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the actual ID is returned, not the group leader. "
5723 "This ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
5727 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1874
5729 msgid "I<cpu>, I<res>"
5730 msgstr "I<cpu>, I<res>"
5733 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1881
5735 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU> is enabled, this is a 32-bit value indicating which "
5736 "CPU was being used, in addition to a reserved (unused) 32-bit value."
5740 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1881
5746 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1887
5748 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD> is enabled, a 64-bit value indicating the current "
5749 "sampling period is written."
5753 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1887
5759 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1898
5761 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ> is enabled, a structure of type read_format is "
5762 "included which has values for all events in the event group. The values "
5763 "included depend on the I<read_format> value used at B<perf_event_open>() "
5768 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1898
5770 msgid "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
5771 msgstr "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
5774 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1906
5776 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN> is enabled, then a 64-bit number is included "
5777 "which indicates how many following 64-bit instruction pointers will follow. "
5778 "This is the current callchain."
5782 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1906
5784 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
5785 msgstr "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
5788 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1913
5790 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW> is enabled, then a 32-bit value indicating size is "
5791 "included followed by an array of 8-bit values of length size. The values "
5792 "are padded with 0 to have 64-bit alignment."
5796 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1918
5798 "This RAW record data is opaque with respect to the ABI. The ABI doesn't "
5799 "make any promises with respect to the stability of its content, it may vary "
5800 "depending on event, hardware, and kernel version."
5804 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1918
5806 msgid "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
5807 msgstr "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
5810 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1927
5812 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then a 64-bit value indicating "
5813 "the number of records is included, followed by I<bnr> I<perf_branch_entry> "
5814 "structures which each include the fields:"
5818 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1928
5824 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1931
5825 msgid "This indicates the source instruction (may not be a branch)."
5829 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1931
5835 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1934
5836 msgid "The branch target."
5840 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1934
5846 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1937
5847 msgid "The branch target was mispredicted."
5851 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1937
5853 msgid "I<predicted>"
5854 msgstr "I<predicted>"
5857 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1940
5858 msgid "The branch target was predicted."
5862 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1940
5864 msgid "I<in_tx> (since Linux 3.11)"
5865 msgstr "I<in_tx> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
5868 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1943
5869 msgid "The branch was in a transactional memory transaction."
5873 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1943
5875 msgid "I<abort> (since Linux 3.11)"
5876 msgstr "I<abort> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
5879 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1946
5880 msgid "The branch was in an aborted transactional memory transaction."
5884 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1950
5886 "The entries are from most to least recent, so the first entry has the most "
5891 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1957
5893 "Support for I<mispred> and I<predicted> is optional; if not supported, both "
5898 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1961
5900 "The type of branches recorded is specified by the I<branch_sample_type> "
5905 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1963
5907 msgid "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
5908 msgstr "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
5911 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1968
5913 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> is enabled, then the user CPU registers are "
5918 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1974
5920 "The I<abi> field is one of B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_NONE>, "
5921 "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_32> or B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_64>."
5925 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1984
5927 "The I<regs> field is an array of the CPU registers that were specified by "
5928 "the I<sample_regs_user> attr field. The number of values is the number of "
5929 "bits set in the I<sample_regs_user> bit mask."
5933 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1984
5935 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
5936 msgstr "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
5939 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2000
5941 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is enabled, then the user stack is recorded. "
5942 "This can be used to generate stack backtraces. I<size> is the size "
5943 "requested by the user in I<sample_stack_user> or else the maximum record "
5944 "size. I<data> is the stack data (a raw dump of the memory pointed to by the "
5945 "stack pointer at the time of sampling). I<dyn_size> is the amount of data "
5946 "actually dumped (can be less than I<size>)."
5950 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2000
5956 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2008
5958 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> is enabled, then a 64-bit value provided by the "
5959 "hardware is recorded that indicates how costly the event was. This allows "
5960 "expensive events to stand out more clearly in profiles."
5964 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2008
5967 msgstr "I<data_src>"
5970 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2014
5972 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> is enabled, then a 64-bit value is recorded that "
5973 "is made up of the following fields:"
5977 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2015
5983 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2018
5984 msgid "Type of opcode, a bitwise combination of:"
5988 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2021
5990 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_NA>"
5991 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_NA>"
5994 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2024 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2049
5995 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2100 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2124
5996 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2140
5997 msgid "Not available"
6001 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2024
6003 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_LOAD>"
6004 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_LOAD>"
6007 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2027
6008 msgid "Load instruction"
6012 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2027
6014 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_STORE>"
6015 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_STORE>"
6018 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2030
6019 msgid "Store instruction"
6023 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2030
6025 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_PFETCH>"
6026 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_PFETCH>"
6029 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2033
6034 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2033
6036 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_EXEC>"
6037 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_EXEC>"
6040 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2036
6041 msgid "Executable code"
6045 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2038
6051 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2043
6053 "Memory hierarchy level hit or miss, a bitwise combination of the following, "
6054 "shifted left by B<PERF_MEM_LVL_SHIFT>:"
6058 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2046
6060 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_NA>"
6061 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_NA>"
6064 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2049
6066 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_HIT>"
6067 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_HIT>"
6070 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2052 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2143
6075 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2052
6077 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_MISS>"
6078 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_MISS>"
6081 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2055 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2146
6086 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2055
6088 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L1>"
6089 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L1>"
6092 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2058
6093 msgid "Level 1 cache"
6097 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2058
6099 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LFB>"
6100 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LFB>"
6103 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2061
6104 msgid "Line fill buffer"
6108 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2061
6110 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L2>"
6111 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L2>"
6114 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2064
6115 msgid "Level 2 cache"
6119 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2064
6121 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L3>"
6122 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L3>"
6125 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2067
6126 msgid "Level 3 cache"
6130 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2067
6132 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LOC_RAM>"
6133 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LOC_RAM>"
6136 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2070
6141 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2070
6143 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM1>"
6144 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM1>"
6147 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2073
6148 msgid "Remote DRAM 1 hop"
6152 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2073
6154 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM2>"
6155 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM2>"
6158 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2076
6159 msgid "Remote DRAM 2 hops"
6163 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2076
6165 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE1>"
6166 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE1>"
6169 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2079
6170 msgid "Remote cache 1 hop"
6174 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2079
6176 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE2>"
6177 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE2>"
6180 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2082
6181 msgid "Remote cache 2 hops"
6185 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2082
6187 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_IO>"
6188 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_IO>"
6191 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2085
6196 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2085
6198 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_UNC>"
6199 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_UNC>"
6202 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2088
6203 msgid "Uncached memory"
6207 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2090
6209 msgid "I<mem_snoop>"
6210 msgstr "I<mem_snoop>"
6213 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2094
6215 "Snoop mode, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left by "
6216 "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_SHIFT>:"
6220 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2097
6222 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NA>"
6223 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NA>"
6226 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2100
6228 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NONE>"
6229 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NONE>"
6232 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2103
6237 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2103
6239 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HIT>"
6240 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HIT>"
6243 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2106
6248 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2106
6250 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_MISS>"
6251 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_MISS>"
6254 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2109
6259 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2109
6261 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HITM>"
6262 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HITM>"
6265 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2112
6266 msgid "Snoop hit modified"
6270 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2114
6273 msgstr "I<mem_lock>"
6276 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2118
6278 "Lock instruction, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left by "
6279 "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_SHIFT>:"
6283 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2121
6285 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_NA>"
6286 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_NA>"
6289 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2124
6291 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_LOCKED>"
6292 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_LOCKED>"
6295 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2127
6296 msgid "Locked transaction"
6300 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2129
6303 msgstr "I<mem_dtlb>"
6306 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2134
6308 "TLB access hit or miss, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left "
6309 "by B<PERF_MEM_TLB_SHIFT>:"
6313 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2137
6315 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_NA>"
6316 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_NA>"
6319 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2140
6321 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_HIT>"
6322 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_HIT>"
6325 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2143
6327 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_MISS>"
6328 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_MISS>"
6331 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2146
6333 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L1>"
6334 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L1>"
6337 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2149
6342 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2149
6344 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L2>"
6345 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L2>"
6348 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2152
6353 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2152
6355 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_WK>"
6356 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_WK>"
6359 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2155
6360 msgid "Hardware walker"
6364 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2155
6366 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_OS>"
6367 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_OS>"
6370 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2158
6371 msgid "OS fault handler"
6375 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2161
6377 msgid "I<transaction>"
6378 msgstr "I<transaction>"
6381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2167
6383 "If the B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> flag is set, then a 64-bit field is "
6384 "recorded describing the sources of any transactional memory aborts."
6388 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2169
6389 msgid "The field is a bitwise combination of the following values:"
6393 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2170
6395 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_ELISION>"
6396 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_ELISION>"
6399 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2173
6400 msgid "Abort from an elision type transaction (Intel-CPU-specific)."
6404 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2173
6406 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_TRANSACTION>"
6407 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_TRANSACTION>"
6410 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2176
6411 msgid "Abort from a generic transaction."
6415 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2176
6417 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_SYNC>"
6418 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_SYNC>"
6421 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2179
6422 msgid "Synchronous abort (related to the reported instruction)."
6426 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2179
6428 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_ASYNC>"
6429 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_ASYNC>"
6432 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2182
6433 msgid "Asynchronous abort (not related to the reported instruction)."
6437 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2182
6439 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_RETRY>"
6440 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_RETRY>"
6443 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2185
6444 msgid "Retryable abort (retrying the transaction may have succeeded)."
6448 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2185
6450 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CONFLICT>"
6451 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_CONFLICT>"
6454 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2188
6455 msgid "Abort due to memory conflicts with other threads."
6459 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2188
6461 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CAPACITY_WRITE>"
6465 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2191
6466 msgid "Abort due to write capacity overflow."
6470 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2191
6472 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CAPACITY_READ>"
6476 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2194
6477 msgid "Abort due to read capacity overflow."
6481 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2201
6483 "In addition, a user-specified abort code can be obtained from the high 32 "
6484 "bits of the field by shifting right by B<PERF_TXN_ABORT_SHIFT> and masking "
6485 "with B<PERF_TXN_ABORT_MASK>."
6489 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2202
6491 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP2>"
6492 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP2>"
6495 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2211
6497 "This record includes extended information on B<mmap>(2) calls returning "
6498 "executable mappings. The format is similar to that of the "
6499 "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> record, but includes extra values that allow uniquely "
6500 "identifying shared mappings."
6504 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2230
6508 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
6517 " u64 ino_generation;\n"
6520 " char filename[];\n"
6521 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
6525 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
6534 " u64 ino_generation;\n"
6537 " char filename[];\n"
6538 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
6542 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2241
6543 msgid "is the address of the allocated memory."
6547 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2241
6553 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2244
6554 msgid "is the length of the allocated memory."
6558 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2244
6564 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2247
6565 msgid "is the page offset of the allocated memory."
6569 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2247
6575 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2250
6576 msgid "is the major ID of the underlying device."
6580 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2250
6586 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2253
6587 msgid "is the minor ID of the underlying device."
6591 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2253
6597 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2256
6598 msgid "is the inode number."
6602 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2256
6604 msgid "I<ino_generation>"
6605 msgstr "I<ino_generation>"
6608 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2259
6609 msgid "is the inode generation."
6613 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2259
6619 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2262
6620 msgid "is the protection information."
6624 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2262
6630 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2265
6631 msgid "is the flags information."
6635 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2265
6638 msgstr "I<filename>"
6641 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2268
6642 msgid "is a string describing the backing of the allocated memory."
6646 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2270
6648 msgid "Overflow handling"
6652 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2283
6654 "Events can be set to notify when a threshold is crossed, indicating an "
6655 "overflow. Overflow conditions can be captured by monitoring the event file "
6656 "descriptor with B<poll>(2), B<select>(2), or B<epoll>(2). Alternately, a "
6657 "SIGIO signal handler can be created and the event configured with "
6658 "B<fcntl>(2) to generate SIGIO signals."
6662 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2287
6664 "Overflows are only generated by sampling events (I<sample_period> must have "
6669 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2289
6670 msgid "There are two ways to generate overflow notifications."
6674 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2299
6676 "The first is to set a I<wakeup_events> or I<wakeup_watermark> value that "
6677 "will trigger if a certain number of samples or bytes have been written to "
6678 "the mmap ring buffer. In this case B<POLL_IN> is indicated."
6682 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2311
6684 "The other way is by use of the B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH> ioctl. This ioctl "
6685 "adds to a counter that decrements each time the event overflows. When "
6686 "nonzero, B<POLL_IN> is indicated, but once the counter reaches 0 B<POLL_HUP> "
6687 "is indicated and the underlying event is disabled."
6691 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2316
6693 "Starting with Linux 3.18, B<POLL_HUP> is indicated if the event being "
6694 "monitored is attached to a different process and that process exits."
6698 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2316
6700 msgid "rdpmc instruction"
6704 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2323
6706 "Starting with Linux 3.4 on x86, you can use the I<rdpmc> instruction to get "
6707 "low-latency reads without having to enter the kernel. Note that using "
6708 "I<rdpmc> is not necessarily faster than other methods for reading event "
6713 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2328
6715 "Support for this can be detected with the I<cap_usr_rdpmc> field in the mmap "
6716 "page; documentation on how to calculate event values can be found in that "
6721 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2328
6723 msgid "perf_event ioctl calls"
6727 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2333
6728 msgid "Various ioctls act on B<perf_event_open>() file descriptors:"
6732 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2333
6734 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
6735 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
6738 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2337
6740 "This enables the individual event or event group specified by the file "
6741 "descriptor argument."
6745 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2343
6747 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6748 "events in a group are enabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
6749 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6753 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2343
6755 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
6756 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
6759 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2347
6761 "This disables the individual counter or event group specified by the file "
6762 "descriptor argument."
6766 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2354
6768 "Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the entire "
6769 "group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the counters in "
6770 "the group will count. Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than "
6771 "the leader affects only that counter; disabling a non-leader stops that "
6772 "counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter."
6776 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2360
6778 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6779 "events in a group are disabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
6780 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6784 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2360
6786 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
6787 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
6790 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2374
6792 "Non-inherited overflow counters can use this to enable a counter for a "
6793 "number of overflows specified by the argument, after which it is disabled. "
6794 "Subsequent calls of this ioctl add the argument value to the current count. "
6795 "An overflow notification with B<POLL_IN> set will happen on each overflow "
6796 "until the count reaches 0; when that happens a notification with B<POLL_HUP> "
6797 "set is sent and the event is disabled. Using an argument of 0 is considered "
6798 "undefined behavior."
6802 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2374
6804 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
6805 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
6808 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2384
6810 "Reset the event count specified by the file descriptor argument to zero. "
6811 "This resets only the counts; there is no way to reset the multiplexing "
6812 "I<time_enabled> or I<time_running> values."
6816 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2390
6818 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6819 "events in a group are reset, even if the event specified is not the group "
6820 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6824 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2390
6826 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
6827 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
6830 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2393
6831 msgid "This updates the overflow period for the event."
6835 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2398
6837 "Since Linux 3.7 (on ARM) and Linux 3.14 (all other architectures), the new "
6838 "period takes effect immediately. On older kernels, the new period did not "
6839 "take effect until after the next overflow."
6843 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2401
6845 "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit value containing the desired new "
6850 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2404
6852 "Prior to Linux 2.6.36 this ioctl always failed due to a bug in the kernel."
6856 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2405
6858 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT>"
6862 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2410
6864 "This tells the kernel to report event notifications to the specified file "
6865 "descriptor rather than the default one. The file descriptors must all be on "
6870 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2413
6872 "The argument specifies the desired file descriptor, or -1 if output should "
6877 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2413
6879 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
6880 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
6882 #. commit 6fb2915df7f0747d9044da9dbff5b46dc2e20830
6884 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2417
6885 msgid "This adds an ftrace filter to this event."
6889 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2419
6890 msgid "The argument is a pointer to the desired ftrace filter."
6894 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2419
6896 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID> (since Linux 3.12)"
6897 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
6899 #. commit cf4957f17f2a89984915ea808876d9c82225b862
6901 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2423
6902 msgid "This returns the event ID value for the given event file descriptor."
6906 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2426
6908 "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit unsigned integer to hold the result."
6912 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2426
6918 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2439
6920 "A process can enable or disable all the event groups that are attached to it "
6921 "using the B<prctl>(2) B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE> and "
6922 "B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE> operations. This applies to all counters on "
6923 "the calling process, whether created by this process or by another, and does "
6924 "not affect any counters that this process has created on other processes. "
6925 "It enables or disables only the group leaders, not any other members in the "
6930 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2439
6932 msgid "perf_event related configuration files"
6936 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2442
6937 msgid "Files in I</proc/sys/kernel/>"
6941 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2443
6943 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid>"
6947 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2449
6949 "The I<perf_event_paranoid> file can be set to restrict access to the "
6950 "performance counters."
6954 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2450
6960 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2452
6961 msgid "only allow user-space measurements."
6965 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2452
6971 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2454
6972 msgid "allow both kernel and user measurements (default)."
6976 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2454
6982 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2456
6983 msgid "allow access to CPU-specific data but not raw tracepoint samples."
6987 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2456
6993 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2458
6994 msgid "no restrictions."
6998 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2464
7000 "The existence of the I<perf_event_paranoid> file is the official method for "
7001 "determining if a kernel supports B<perf_event_open>()."
7005 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2464
7007 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate>"
7011 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2473
7013 "This sets the maximum sample rate. Setting this too high can allow users to "
7014 "sample at a rate that impacts overall machine performance and potentially "
7015 "lock up the machine. The default value is 100000 (samples per second)."
7019 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2473
7021 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb>"
7025 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2479
7027 "Maximum number of pages an unprivileged user can B<mlock>(2). The default "
7032 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2483
7033 msgid "Files in I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/>"
7037 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2489
7039 "Since Linux 2.6.34, the kernel supports having multiple PMUs available for "
7040 "monitoring. Information on how to program these PMUs can be found under I</"
7041 "sys/bus/event_source/devices/>. Each subdirectory corresponds to a "
7046 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2489
7048 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
7049 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
7052 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2496
7054 "This contains an integer that can be used in the I<type> field of "
7055 "I<perf_event_attr> to indicate that you wish to use this PMU."
7059 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2496
7061 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc> (since Linux 3.4)"
7062 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
7065 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2501
7067 "If this file is 1, then direct user-space access to the performance counter "
7068 "registers is allowed via the rdpmc instruction. This can be disabled by "
7069 "echoing 0 to the file."
7073 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2501
7075 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/> (since Linux 3.4)"
7076 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
7079 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2509
7081 "This subdirectory contains information on the architecture-specific "
7082 "subfields available for programming the various I<config> fields in the "
7083 "I<perf_event_attr> struct."
7087 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2520
7089 "The content of each file is the name of the config field, followed by a "
7090 "colon, followed by a series of integer bit ranges separated by commas. For "
7091 "example, the file I<event> may contain the value I<config1:1,6-10,44> which "
7092 "indicates that event is an attribute that occupies bits 1,6-10, and 44 of "
7093 "I<perf_event_attr::config1>."
7097 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2520
7099 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/> (since Linux 3.4)"
7100 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
7103 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2529
7105 "This subdirectory contains files with predefined events. The contents are "
7106 "strings describing the event settings expressed in terms of the fields found "
7107 "in the previously mentioned I<./format/> directory. These are not "
7108 "necessarily complete lists of all events supported by a PMU, but usually a "
7109 "subset of events deemed useful or interesting."
7113 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2537
7115 "The content of each file is a list of attribute names separated by commas. "
7116 "Each entry has an optional value (either hex or decimal). If no value is "
7117 "specified, then it is assumed to be a single-bit field with a value of 1. "
7118 "An example entry may look like this: I<event=0x2,inv,ldlat=3>."
7122 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2537
7124 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
7125 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
7128 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2541
7130 "This file is the standard kernel device interface for injecting hotplug "
7135 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2541
7137 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/cpumask> (since Linux 3.7)"
7138 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/cpumask> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
7141 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2550
7143 "The I<cpumask> file contains a comma-separated list of integers that "
7144 "indicate a representative CPU number for each socket (package) on the "
7145 "motherboard. This is needed when setting up uncore or northbridge events, "
7146 "as those PMUs present socket-wide events."
7150 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2557
7152 "B<perf_event_open>() returns the new file descriptor, or -1 if an error "
7153 "occurred (in which case, I<errno> is set appropriately)."
7157 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2562
7159 "The errors returned by B<perf_event_open>() can be inconsistent, and may "
7160 "vary across processor architectures and performance monitoring units."
7164 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2562
7170 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2579
7172 "Returned if the I<perf_event_attr> I<size> value is too small (smaller than "
7173 "B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0>), too big (larger than the page size), or larger than "
7174 "the kernel supports and the extra bytes are not zero. When B<E2BIG> is "
7175 "returned, the I<perf_event_attr> I<size> field is overwritten by the kernel "
7176 "to be the size of the structure it was expecting."
7180 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2593
7182 "Returned when the requested event requires B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> permissions (or "
7183 "a more permissive perf_event paranoid setting). Some common cases where an "
7184 "unprivileged process may encounter this error: attaching to a process owned "
7185 "by a different user; monitoring all processes on a given CPU (i.e., "
7186 "specifying the I<pid> argument as -1); and not setting I<exclude_kernel> "
7187 "when the paranoid setting requires it."
7191 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2593 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
7192 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:157 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:133
7198 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2603
7200 "Returned if the I<group_fd> file descriptor is not valid, or, if "
7201 "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> is set, the cgroup file descriptor in I<pid> is not "
7206 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2608
7207 msgid "Returned if the I<attr> pointer points at an invalid memory address."
7211 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2634
7213 "Returned if the specified event is invalid. There are many possible reasons "
7214 "for this. A not-exhaustive list: I<sample_freq> is higher than the maximum "
7215 "setting; the I<cpu> to monitor does not exist; I<read_format> is out of "
7216 "range; I<sample_type> is out of range; the I<flags> value is out of range; "
7217 "I<exclusive> or I<pinned> set and the event is not a group leader; the event "
7218 "I<config> values are out of range or set reserved bits; the generic event "
7219 "selected is not supported; or there is not enough room to add the selected "
7224 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2634
7230 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2640
7232 "Each opened event uses one file descriptor. If a large number of events are "
7233 "opened the per-user file descriptor limit (often 1024) will be hit and no "
7234 "more events can be created."
7238 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2644
7240 "Returned when the event involves a feature not supported by the current CPU."
7244 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2644 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
7250 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2651
7252 "Returned if the I<type> setting is not valid. This error is also returned "
7253 "for some unsupported generic events."
7257 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2651
7263 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2661
7265 "Prior to Linux 3.3, if there was not enough room for the event, B<ENOSPC> "
7266 "was returned. In Linux 3.3, this was changed to B<EINVAL>. B<ENOSPC> is "
7267 "still returned if you try to add more breakpoint events than supported by "
7272 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2668
7274 "Returned if B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is set in I<sample_type> and it is not "
7275 "supported by hardware."
7279 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2675
7281 "Returned if an event requiring a specific hardware feature is requested but "
7282 "there is no hardware support. This includes requesting low-skid events if "
7283 "not supported, branch tracing if it is not available, sampling if no PMU "
7284 "interrupt is available, and branch stacks for software events."
7288 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2680
7290 "Returned on many (but not all) architectures when an unsupported "
7291 "I<exclude_hv>, I<exclude_idle>, I<exclude_user>, or I<exclude_kernel> "
7292 "setting is specified."
7296 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2688
7298 "It can also happen, as with B<EACCES>, when the requested event requires "
7299 "B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> permissions (or a more permissive perf_event paranoid "
7300 "setting). This includes setting a breakpoint on a kernel address, and "
7301 "(since Linux 3.13) setting a kernel function-trace tracepoint."
7305 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2691
7306 msgid "Returned if attempting to attach to a process that does not exist."
7310 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2691
7316 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2696
7318 "B<perf_event_open>() was introduced in Linux 2.6.31 but was called "
7319 "B<perf_counter_open>(). It was renamed in Linux 2.6.32."
7323 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2701
7325 "This B<perf_event_open>() system call Linux- specific and should not be "
7326 "used in programs intended to be portable."
7328 "B<perf_event_open>() システムコールは Linux 固有であり、 移植を意図したプログ"
7332 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2705
7334 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
7335 "B<syscall>(2). See the example below."
7337 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 "
7338 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。 以下の例を参照。"
7341 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2711
7343 "The official way of knowing if B<perf_event_open>() support is enabled is "
7344 "checking for the existence of the file I</proc/sys/kernel/"
7345 "perf_event_paranoid>."
7349 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2711 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
7350 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2006
7356 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2718
7358 "The B<F_SETOWN_EX> option to B<fcntl>(2) is needed to properly get overflow "
7359 "signals in threads. This was introduced in Linux 2.6.32."
7363 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2726
7365 "Prior to Linux 2.6.33 (at least for x86), the kernel did not check if events "
7366 "could be scheduled together until read time. The same happens on all known "
7367 "kernels if the NMI watchdog is enabled. This means to see if a given set of "
7368 "events works you have to B<perf_event_open>(), start, then read before you "
7369 "know for sure you can get valid measurements."
7373 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2730
7375 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34, event constraints were not enforced by the kernel. "
7376 "In that case, some events would silently return \"0\" if the kernel "
7377 "scheduled them in an improper counter slot."
7381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2733
7383 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34, there was a bug when multiplexing where the wrong "
7384 "results could be returned."
7388 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2736
7390 "Kernels from Linux 2.6.35 to Linux 2.6.39 can quickly crash the kernel if "
7391 "\"inherit\" is enabled and many threads are started."
7395 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2740
7397 "Prior to Linux 2.6.35, B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> did not work with attached "
7402 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2745
7404 "In older Linux 2.6 versions, refreshing an event group leader refreshed all "
7405 "siblings, and refreshing with a parameter of 0 enabled infinite refresh. "
7406 "This behavior is unsupported and should not be relied on."
7410 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2751
7412 "There is a bug in the kernel code between Linux 2.6.36 and Linux 3.0 that "
7413 "ignores the \"watermark\" field and acts as if a wakeup_event was chosen if "
7414 "the union has a nonzero value in it."
7418 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2757
7420 "From Linux 2.6.31 to Linux 3.4, the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> ioctl argument "
7421 "was broken and would repeatedly operate on the event specified rather than "
7422 "iterating across all sibling events in a group."
7426 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2768
7428 "From Linux 3.4 to Linux 3.11, the mmap I<cap_usr_rdpmc> and I<cap_usr_time> "
7429 "bits mapped to the same location. Code should migrate to the new "
7430 "I<cap_user_rdpmc> and I<cap_user_time> fields instead."
7434 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2773
7436 "Always double-check your results! Various generalized events have had wrong "
7437 "values. For example, retired branches measured the wrong thing on AMD "
7438 "machines until Linux 2.6.35."
7442 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2773 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:311
7443 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:237 build/C/man2/tee.2:136
7449 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2777
7451 "The following is a short example that measures the total instruction count "
7452 "of a call to B<printf>(3)."
7456 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2786
7459 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
7460 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
7461 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7462 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
7463 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
7464 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
7465 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7467 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
7468 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
7469 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7470 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
7471 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
7472 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
7473 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7476 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2792
7480 "perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
7481 " int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
7486 "perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
7487 " int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
7492 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2797
7495 " ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
7496 " group_fd, flags);\n"
7500 " ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
7501 " group_fd, flags);\n"
7506 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2804
7510 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
7512 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
7513 " long long count;\n"
7517 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
7519 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
7520 " long long count;\n"
7524 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2812
7527 " memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
7528 " pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
7529 " pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
7530 " pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
7531 " pe.disabled = 1;\n"
7532 " pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
7533 " pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
7535 " memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
7536 " pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
7537 " pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
7538 " pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
7539 " pe.disabled = 1;\n"
7540 " pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
7541 " pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
7544 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2818
7547 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
7548 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
7549 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
7550 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
7553 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
7554 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
7555 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
7556 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
7560 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2821
7563 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
7564 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
7566 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
7567 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
7570 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2823
7572 msgid " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
7573 msgstr " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
7576 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2826
7579 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
7580 " read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
7582 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
7583 " read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
7586 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2828
7588 msgid " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
7589 msgstr " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
7592 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2831
7602 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2838
7603 msgid "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
7604 msgstr "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
7607 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
7613 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
7619 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
7620 msgid "perfmonctl - interface to IA-64 performance monitoring unit"
7624 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:34
7627 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
7628 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
7630 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
7631 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
7634 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:36
7636 msgid "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
7637 msgstr "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
7640 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:47
7642 "The IA-64-specific B<perfmonctl>() system call provides an interface to the "
7643 "PMU (performance monitoring unit). The PMU consists of PMD (performance "
7644 "monitoring data) registers and PMC (performance monitoring control) "
7645 "registers, which gather hardware statistics."
7649 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:57
7651 "B<perfmonctl>() applies the operation I<cmd> to the input arguments "
7652 "specified by I<arg>. The number of arguments is defined by I<narg>. The "
7653 "I<fd> argument specifies the perfmon context to operate on."
7657 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
7658 msgid "Supported values for I<cmd> are:"
7662 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
7664 msgid "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
7665 msgstr "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
7668 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:65
7670 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT, pfarg_context_t *>I<ctxt>B<, 1);>\n"
7674 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:67
7675 msgid "Set up a context."
7679 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:74
7681 "The I<fd> parameter is ignored. A new perfmon context is created as "
7682 "specified in I<ctxt> and its file descriptor is returned in I<ctxt-"
7687 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:86
7689 "The file descriptor can be used in subsequent calls to B<perfmonctl>() and "
7690 "can be used to read event notifications (type I<pfm_msg_t>) using "
7691 "B<read>(2). The file descriptor is pollable using B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), "
7696 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
7698 "The context can be destroyed by calling B<close>(2) on the file descriptor."
7702 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
7704 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
7705 msgstr "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
7708 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:95
7710 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
7711 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
7714 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
7715 msgid "Set PMC registers."
7719 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
7721 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
7722 msgstr "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
7725 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:101
7727 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7728 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7732 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
7733 msgid "Set PMD registers."
7737 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
7739 msgid "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
7740 msgstr "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
7743 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:109
7745 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7746 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7749 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
7750 msgid "Read PMD registers."
7754 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
7756 msgid "B<PFM_START>"
7757 msgstr "B<PFM_START>"
7759 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_START, arg, 1);
7761 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:117
7763 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
7764 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
7767 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
7768 msgid "Start monitoring."
7772 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
7775 msgstr "B<PFM_STOP>"
7778 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:124
7780 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
7781 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
7784 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
7785 msgid "Stop monitoring."
7789 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
7791 msgid "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
7792 msgstr "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
7795 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:131
7797 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, 1);>\n"
7798 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, 1);>\n"
7801 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
7802 msgid "Attach the context to a thread."
7806 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
7808 msgid "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
7809 msgstr "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
7812 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:138
7814 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
7815 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
7818 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
7819 msgid "Detach the context from a thread."
7823 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
7825 msgid "B<PFM_RESTART>"
7826 msgstr "B<PFM_RESTART>"
7829 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:145
7831 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
7832 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
7835 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
7836 msgid "Restart monitoring after receiving an overflow notification."
7840 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
7842 msgid "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
7843 msgstr "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
7846 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:152
7848 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, 1);>\n"
7849 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, 1);>\n"
7852 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:153
7854 msgid "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
7855 msgstr "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
7858 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:158
7860 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
7861 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
7864 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
7865 msgid "If I<val> is nonzero, enable debugging mode, otherwise disable."
7869 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
7871 msgid "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
7872 msgstr "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
7875 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:167
7877 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, n);>\n"
7878 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, n);>\n"
7884 #. .B PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS
7885 #. create or modify event sets
7887 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
7890 #. .B PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS
7891 #. delete event sets
7893 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_DELETE_EVTSET, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
7896 #. .B PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS
7897 #. get information about event sets
7899 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS, pfarg_setinfo_t *info, n);
7902 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190
7903 msgid "Reset PMC registers to default values."
7907 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
7909 "B<perfmonctl>() returns zero when the operation is successful. On error, "
7910 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the cause of the error."
7914 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199
7915 msgid "B<perfmonctl>() is available since Linux 2.4."
7919 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202
7921 "B<perfmonctl>() is Linux-specific and is available only on the IA-64 "
7926 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:207
7928 msgstr "B<gprof>(1)"
7931 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
7932 msgid "The perfmon2 interface specification"
7936 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
7939 msgstr "PERSONALITY"
7942 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
7948 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35
7949 msgid "personality - set the process execution domain"
7950 msgstr "personality - プロセスを実行するドメインを設定する"
7953 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:37
7954 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
7955 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
7958 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39
7959 msgid "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
7960 msgstr "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
7963 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:47
7965 "Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each "
7966 "process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal "
7967 "numbers into signal actions. The execution domain system allows Linux to "
7968 "provide limited support for binaries compiled under other UNIX-like "
7969 "operating systems."
7971 "Linux は、プロセス毎の異なる実行ドメイン、すなわち パーソナリティ "
7972 "(personality) をサポートしている。 実行ドメインは Linux にシグナル番号にどの"
7973 "シグナルを割り付けるかを 教えたりする。また、実行ドメイン・システムにより、 "
7974 "Linux は、 他の UNIX 風のオペレーティングシステムでコンパイルされたバイナリに"
7975 "対する限定的なサポートを提供している。"
7978 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:59
7980 "If I<persona> is not 0xffffffff, then B<personality>() sets the caller's "
7981 "execution domain to the value specified by I<persona>. Specifying "
7982 "I<persona> as 0xffffffff provides a way of retrieving the current persona "
7983 "without changing it."
7985 "I<persona> が 0xffffffff 以外の場合、 B<personality>() は呼び出し元の実行ドメ"
7986 "インを I<persona> で指定された値に設定する。 I<persona> に 0xffffffff を指定"
7987 "すると、変更を行わず、現在の persona 値を取得できる。"
7990 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:62
7992 "A list of the available execution domains can be found in I<E<lt>sys/"
7993 "personality.hE<gt>>."
7995 "利用可能な実行ドメインのリストは I<E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>> にある。"
7998 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:69
8000 "On success, the previous I<persona> is returned. On error, -1 is returned, "
8001 "and I<errno> is set appropriately."
8003 "成功した場合、以前の I<persona> が返される。エラーの場合は、-1 が返され、 "
8004 "I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
8007 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:73
8008 msgid "The kernel was unable to change the personality."
8009 msgstr "カーネルがパーソナリティを変更できなかった。"
8012 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:77
8014 "B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
8015 "intended to be portable."
8017 "B<personality>() は Linux 固有であり、移植を意図したプログラムで使用すべきで"
8021 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
8027 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
8028 msgid "pivot_root - change the root filesystem"
8029 msgstr "pivot_root - root ファイルシステムを変更する"
8032 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:15
8034 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
8036 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
8040 #. capability is required.
8042 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:27
8044 "B<pivot_root>() moves the root filesystem of the calling process to the "
8045 "directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root filesystem of the "
8048 "B<pivot_root>() は呼び出し元のプロセスの root ファイルシステムを I<put_old> "
8049 "ディレクトリに移動し、 I<new_root> を呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい root ファイ"
8053 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:34
8055 "The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
8056 "system mounts a temporary root filesystem (e.g., an B<initrd>), then mounts "
8057 "the real root filesystem, and eventually turns the latter into the current "
8058 "root of all relevant processes or threads."
8060 "B<pivot_root>() の典型的な利用法は、システムの起動中にシステムが一時的な "
8061 "root ファイルシステム (例えば B<initrd>) をマウントし、これに続いて本当の "
8062 "root ファイルシステムをマウントし、 後者を必要な全てのプロセス・スレッドの カ"
8063 "レント root に変更するような場合である。"
8066 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:46
8068 "B<pivot_root>() may or may not change the current root and the current "
8069 "working directory of any processes or threads which use the old root "
8070 "directory. The caller of B<pivot_root>() must ensure that processes with "
8071 "root or current working directory at the old root operate correctly in "
8072 "either case. An easy way to ensure this is to change their root and current "
8073 "working directory to I<new_root> before invoking B<pivot_root>()."
8075 "古い root ディレクトリを使っていた全てのプロセスやスレッドの カレント root と"
8076 "カレントワーキングディレクトリを、 B<pivot_root>() が変更するかどうかはわか"
8077 "らない。 B<pivot_root>() の呼びだしプロセスは、古い root やカレントワーキン"
8078 "グディレクトリを使っていた プロセスが、いずれの場合でも正しく動作することを保"
8079 "証しなければならない。 これを簡単に行うには、それらのプロセスの root と カレ"
8080 "ントワーキングディレクトリを B<pivot_root>() を呼び出す前に I<new_root> に変"
8084 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:64
8086 "The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
8087 "B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
8088 "B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each process "
8089 "or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root directory. This is "
8090 "necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from keeping the old root "
8091 "directory busy with their root and current working directory, even if they "
8092 "never access the filesystem in any way. In the future, there may be a "
8093 "mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly relinquish any access to the "
8094 "filesystem, such that this fairly intrusive mechanism can be removed from "
8097 "上記の段落は、将来 B<pivot_root>() が変更されるかも知れないことを鑑みて、わ"
8098 "ざと曖昧に書いてある。 本ページを記述している時点では、 B<pivot_root>() は古"
8099 "い root ディレクトリを用いている全てのプロセス・スレッドの root と カレント"
8100 "ワーキングディレクトリを I<new_root> に変更する。これはカーネルのスレッドが古"
8101 "い root ディレクトリを busy 状態にしないために必要である。これらのスレッドが "
8102 "古いディレクトリを root やカレントワーキングディレクトリとしていると、 ファイ"
8103 "ルシステムに一切アクセスしない場合でも 古い root が busy になってしまうからで"
8104 "ある。 将来は、カーネルスレッドがあらゆるファイルシステムへのアクセスを 明示"
8105 "的に放棄するメカニズムができ、このでしゃばりな機能は B<pivot_root>() から削"
8109 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:72
8111 "Note that this also applies to the calling process: B<pivot_root>() may or "
8112 "may not affect its current working directory. It is therefore recommended "
8113 "to call B<chdir(\"/\")> immediately after B<pivot_root>()."
8115 "これは呼び出し元のプロセスについても当てはまることに注意。 B<pivot_root>() "
8116 "がカレントプロセスのカレントワーキングディレクトリに影響するかどうかは 分から"
8117 "ない。したがって B<pivot_root>() の直後に B<chdir(\"/\")> を呼び出すとよい。"
8120 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74
8121 msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
8122 msgstr "I<new_root> および I<put_old> には以下の制限がある:"
8125 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
8126 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
8132 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
8133 msgid "They must be directories."
8134 msgstr "ディレクトリでなければならない。"
8137 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79
8139 "I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same filesystem as the current "
8142 "I<new_root> と I<put_old> は現在の root と同じファイルシステムにあってはなら"
8146 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
8148 "I<put_old> must be underneath I<new_root>, that is, adding a nonzero number "
8149 "of I</..> to the string pointed to by I<put_old> must yield the same "
8150 "directory as I<new_root>."
8152 "I<put_old> は I<new_root> 以下になければならない。すなわち I<put_old> を差す"
8153 "文字列に 1 個以上の I<../> を付けることによって I<new_root> と同じディレクト"
8157 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:85
8158 msgid "No other filesystem may be mounted on I<put_old>."
8159 msgstr "他のファイルシステムが I<put_old> にマウントされていてはならない。"
8162 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:89
8163 msgid "See also B<pivot_root>(8) for additional usage examples."
8164 msgstr "利用例については B<pivot_root>(8) を参照のこと。"
8167 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:96
8169 "If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
8170 "B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the mount "
8171 "point of that filesystem is mounted on I<put_old>."
8173 "現在の root がマウントポイントではない (B<chroot>(2) や B<pivot_root>() の"
8174 "後など。以下も参照) 場合、 古い root ディレクトリではなく、 そのファイルシス"
8175 "テムのマウントポイントが I<put_old> にマウントされる。"
8178 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101
8180 "I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, I</proc/"
8181 "mounts> will show the mount point of the filesystem containing I<new_root> "
8184 "I<new_root> はマウントポイントでなくてもよい。 この場合 I</proc/mounts> は、 "
8185 "I<new_root> を root (I</>) とするファイルシステムのマウントポイントを表示す"
8189 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
8191 "B<pivot_root>() may return (in I<errno>) any of the errors returned by "
8192 "B<stat>(2). Additionally, it may return:"
8194 "B<pivot_root>() は B<stat>(2) の返すあらゆるエラーを (I<errno> に) 返す可能"
8195 "性がある。さらに以下を返すことがある:"
8198 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
8200 "I<new_root> or I<put_old> are on the current root filesystem, or a "
8201 "filesystem is already mounted on I<put_old>."
8203 "I<new_root> または I<put_old> が、現在の root ファイルシステム上にあるか、既"
8204 "に I<put_old> になんらかのファイルシステムがマウントされている。"
8207 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
8208 msgid "I<put_old> is not underneath I<new_root>."
8209 msgstr "I<put_old> が I<new_root> の下層にない。"
8212 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
8218 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
8219 msgid "I<new_root> or I<put_old> is not a directory."
8220 msgstr "I<new_root> または I<put_old> がディレクトリでない。"
8223 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
8224 msgid "The calling process does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
8225 msgstr "呼び出し元のプロセスが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
8228 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128
8229 msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
8230 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux 2.3.41 で導入された。"
8233 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
8234 msgid "B<pivot_root>() is Linux-specific and hence is not portable."
8235 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux に固有のものなので、移植性はない。"
8238 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:138
8240 "B<pivot_root>() should not have to change root and current working "
8241 "directory of all other processes in the system."
8243 "B<pivot_root>() はシステムの他のプロセス全ての root と カレントワーキング"
8244 "ディレクトリとを変更しなくてもよいはずである。"
8247 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
8249 "Some of the more obscure uses of B<pivot_root>() may quickly lead to "
8252 "B<pivot_root>() の使い方がもうちょっと曖昧になると、 あっという間にわけのわ"
8256 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
8257 msgid "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
8258 msgstr "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
8261 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
8263 msgid "PROCESS_VM_READV"
8264 msgstr "PROCESS_VM_READV"
8267 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32
8269 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - transfer data between process address "
8272 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - プロセスのアドレス空間間でデータを転送"
8276 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:35
8278 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
8279 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
8282 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:42
8285 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8286 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8287 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8288 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8289 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8290 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8292 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8293 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8294 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8295 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8296 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8297 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8300 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:49
8303 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8304 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8305 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8306 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8307 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8308 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8310 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8311 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8312 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8313 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8314 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8315 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8318 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:54
8320 "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
8324 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:58
8325 msgid "B<process_vm_readv>(), B<process_vm_writev>():"
8326 msgstr "B<process_vm_readv>(), B<process_vm_writev>():"
8329 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:62
8330 msgid "B<_GNU_SOURCE>"
8331 msgstr "B<_GNU_SOURCE>"
8334 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:73
8336 "These system calls transfer data between the address space of the calling "
8337 "process (\"the local process\") and the process identified by I<pid> (\"the "
8338 "remote process\"). The data moves directly between the address spaces of "
8339 "the two processes, without passing through kernel space."
8343 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:98
8345 "The B<process_vm_readv>() system call transfers data from the remote "
8346 "process to the local process. The data to be transferred is identified by "
8347 "I<remote_iov> and I<riovcnt>: I<remote_iov> is a pointer to an array "
8348 "describing address ranges in the process I<pid>, and I<riovcnt> specifies "
8349 "the number of elements in I<remote_iov>. The data is transferred to the "
8350 "locations specified by I<local_iov> and I<liovcnt>: I<local_iov> is a "
8351 "pointer to an array describing address ranges in the calling process, and "
8352 "I<liovcnt> specifies the number of elements in I<local_iov>."
8356 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:112
8358 "The B<process_vm_writev>() system call is the converse of "
8359 "B<process_vm_readv>()\\(emit transfers data from the local process to the "
8360 "remote process. Other than the direction of the transfer, the arguments "
8361 "I<liovcnt>, I<local_iov>, I<riovcnt>, and I<remote_iov> have the same "
8362 "meaning as for B<process_vm_readv>()."
8366 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:122
8368 "The I<local_iov> and I<remote_iov> arguments point to an array of I<iovec> "
8369 "structures, defined in I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> as:"
8371 "引き数 I<local_iov> と I<remote_iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列へのポイン\n"
8372 "タである。 I<iovec> 構造体は I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義\n"
8376 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:129
8380 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
8381 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
8385 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
8386 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
8390 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:145
8392 "Buffers are processed in array order. This means that "
8393 "B<process_vm_readv>() completely fills I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to "
8394 "I<local_iov[1]>, and so on. Likewise, I<remote_iov[0]> is completely read "
8395 "before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>, and so on."
8397 "バッファは配列の順序で処理される。これは、 B<process_vm_readv>() が\n"
8398 "I<local_iov>[0] が完全に一杯になるまでデータを詰めてから、\n"
8399 "I<local_iov>[1] に進むといったことを意味する。同様に、\n"
8400 "I<remote_iov>[0] を完全に読み出してから I<remote_iov>[1] に進み、\n"
8404 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:156
8406 "Similarly, B<process_vm_writev>() writes out the entire contents of "
8407 "I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and it completely "
8408 "fills I<remote_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>."
8412 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:164
8414 "The lengths of I<remote_iov[i].iov_len> and I<local_iov[i].iov_len> do not "
8415 "have to be the same. Thus, it is possible to split a single local buffer "
8416 "into multiple remote buffers, or vice versa."
8420 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:168
8421 msgid "The I<flags> argument is currently unused and must be set to 0."
8422 msgstr "I<flags> 引き数は現在使用されておらず、 0 を設定しなければならない。"
8424 #. In time, glibc might provide a wrapper that works around this limit,
8425 #. as is done for readv()/writev()
8427 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:181
8429 "The values specified in the I<liovcnt> and I<riovcnt> arguments must be less "
8430 "than or equal to B<IOV_MAX> (defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> or accessible "
8431 "via the call I<sysconf(_SC_IOV_MAX)>)."
8435 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:191
8437 "The count arguments and I<local_iov> are checked before doing any "
8438 "transfers. If the counts are too big, or I<local_iov> is invalid, or the "
8439 "addresses refer to regions that are inaccessible to the local process, none "
8440 "of the vectors will be processed and an error will be returned immediately."
8444 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:211
8446 "Note, however, that these system calls do not check the memory regions in "
8447 "the remote process until just before doing the read/write. Consequently, a "
8448 "partial read/write (see RETURN VALUE) may result if one of the "
8449 "I<remote_iov> elements points to an invalid memory region in the remote "
8450 "process. No further reads/writes will be attempted beyond that point. Keep "
8451 "this in mind when attempting to read data of unknown length (such as C "
8452 "strings that are null-terminated) from a remote process, by avoiding "
8453 "spanning memory pages (typically 4KiB) in a single remote I<iovec> element. "
8454 "(Instead, split the remote read into two I<remote_iov> elements and have "
8455 "them merge back into a single write I<local_iov> entry. The first read "
8456 "entry goes up to the page boundary, while the second starts on the next page "
8461 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
8463 "In order to read from or write to another process, either the caller must "
8464 "have the capability B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>, or the real user ID, effective user "
8465 "ID, and saved set-user-ID of the remote process must match the real user ID "
8466 "of the caller I<and> the real group ID, effective group ID, and saved set-"
8467 "group-ID of the remote process must match the real group ID of the caller. "
8468 "(The permission required is exactly the same as that required to perform a "
8469 "B<ptrace>(2) B<PTRACE_ATTACH> on the remote process.)"
8473 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
8475 "On success, B<process_vm_readv>() returns the number of bytes read and "
8476 "B<process_vm_writev>() returns the number of bytes written. This return "
8477 "value may be less than the total number of requested bytes, if a partial "
8478 "read/write occurred. (Partial transfers apply at the granularity of "
8479 "I<iovec> elements. These system calls won't perform a partial transfer that "
8480 "splits a single I<iovec> element.) The caller should check the return value "
8481 "to determine whether a partial read/write occurred."
8485 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
8486 msgid "On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set appropriately."
8487 msgstr "エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
8490 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:257
8492 "The sum of the I<iov_len> values of either I<local_iov> or I<remote_iov> "
8493 "overflows a I<ssize_t> value."
8497 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:261
8498 msgid "I<flags> is not 0."
8499 msgstr "I<flags> が 0 でない。"
8502 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267
8503 msgid "I<liovcnt> or I<riovcnt> is too large."
8504 msgstr "I<liovcnt> か I<riovcnt> が大きすぎる。"
8507 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:272
8509 "The memory described by I<local_iov> is outside the caller's accessible "
8512 "I<local_iov> が示すメモリが呼び出し側がアクセス可能な\n"
8516 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:278
8518 "The memory described by I<remote_iov> is outside the accessible address "
8519 "space of the process I<pid>."
8523 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:283
8525 "Could not allocate memory for internal copies of the I<iovec> structures."
8529 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287
8531 "The caller does not have permission to access the address space of the "
8534 "呼び出し側がプロセス I<pid> のアドレス空間に対するアクセス許可を\n"
8538 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:292
8539 msgid "No process with ID I<pid> exists."
8540 msgstr "ID が I<pid> のプロセスが存在しない。"
8543 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
8545 "These system calls were added in Linux 3.2. Support is provided in glibc "
8546 "since version 2.15."
8548 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 3.2 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
8549 "サポートは glibc バージョン 2.15 以降で提供されている。"
8552 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:297
8553 msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
8554 msgstr "これらのシステムコールは非標準で Linux による拡張である。"
8557 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:303
8559 "The data transfers performed by B<process_vm_readv>() and "
8560 "B<process_vm_writev>() are not guaranteed to be atomic in any way."
8563 #. Original user is MPI, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpi/
8564 #. See also some benchmarks at http://lwn.net/Articles/405284/
8565 #. and http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=130105930902915&w=2
8567 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:311
8569 "These system calls were designed to permit fast message passing by allowing "
8570 "messages to be exchanged with a single copy operation (rather than the "
8571 "double copy that would be required when using, for example, shared memory or "
8576 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:319
8578 "The following code sample demonstrates the use of B<process_vm_readv>(). It "
8579 "reads 20 bytes at the address 0x10000 from the process with PID 10 and "
8580 "writes the first 10 bytes into I<buf1> and the second 10 bytes into I<buf2>."
8584 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:322
8586 msgid "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
8587 msgstr "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
8590 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:332
8596 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
8597 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
8601 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
8606 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
8607 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
8611 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
8614 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:339
8617 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
8618 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
8619 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
8620 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
8621 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
8622 " remote[0].iov_len = 20;\n"
8624 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
8625 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
8626 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
8627 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
8628 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
8629 " remote[0].iov_len = 20;\n"
8632 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:346
8635 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
8636 " if (nread != 20)\n"
8642 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
8643 " if (nread != 20)\n"
8650 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:350
8651 msgid "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
8652 msgstr "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
8655 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46
8661 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49
8662 msgid "ptrace - process trace"
8663 msgstr "ptrace - プロセスのトレース"
8666 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:52
8668 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
8669 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
8672 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:55
8675 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
8676 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
8678 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
8679 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
8682 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:64
8685 #| "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which a parent process "
8686 #| "may observe and control the execution of another process, and examine and "
8687 #| "change its core image and registers. It is primarily used to implement "
8688 #| "breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
8690 "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which one process (the "
8691 "\"tracer\") may observe and control the execution of another process (the "
8692 "\"tracee\"), and examine and change the tracee's memory and registers. It "
8693 "is primarily used to implement breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
8695 "B<ptrace>() システムコールは、親プロセスが、別のプロセスの実行の監視/制御を "
8696 "行ったり、コアイメージ (core image) やレジスタの調査/変更を 行ったりする手段"
8697 "を提供する。 B<ptrace>() は、主にブレークポイントによるデバッグやシステム"
8698 "コールのトレースを 実装するのに用いられる。"
8701 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:75
8703 "A tracee first needs to be attached to the tracer. Attachment and "
8704 "subsequent commands are per thread: in a multithreaded process, every thread "
8705 "can be individually attached to a (potentially different) tracer, or left "
8706 "not attached and thus not debugged. Therefore, \"tracee\" always means "
8707 "\"(one) thread\", never \"a (possibly multithreaded) process\". Ptrace "
8708 "commands are always sent to a specific tracee using a call of the form"
8712 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:77
8714 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
8715 msgstr " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
8718 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:81
8719 msgid "where I<pid> is the thread ID of the corresponding Linux thread."
8720 msgstr "ここで I<pid> は対応する Linux スレッドのスレッド ID である。"
8723 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:87
8725 "(Note that in this page, a \"multithreaded process\" means a thread group "
8726 "consisting of threads created using the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_THREAD> flag.)"
8730 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:98
8733 #| "The parent can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
8734 #| "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an "
8735 #| "B<exec>(3). Alternatively, the parent may commence trace of an existing "
8736 #| "process using B<PTRACE_ATTACH>."
8738 "A process can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
8739 "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an "
8740 "B<execve>(2). Alternatively, one process may commence tracing another "
8741 "process using B<PTRACE_ATTACH> or B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
8743 "トレースを開始するには、まず親プロセスで B<fork>(2) を呼び出す。生成された子"
8744 "プロセスで B<PTRACE_TRACEME> を行い、続いて (典型的には) B<exec>(3) を行な"
8745 "う。 別の方法としては、 親プロセスが既存のプロセスに対して B<PTRACE_ATTACH> "
8749 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:115
8752 #| "While being traced, the child will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
8753 #| "even if the signal is being ignored. (The exception is B<SIGKILL>, which "
8754 #| "has its usual effect.) The parent will be notified at its next "
8755 #| "B<wait>(2) and may inspect and modify the child process while it is "
8756 #| "stopped. The parent then causes the child to continue, optionally "
8757 #| "ignoring the delivered signal (or even delivering a different signal "
8760 "While being traced, the tracee will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
8761 "even if the signal is being ignored. (An exception is B<SIGKILL>, which has "
8762 "its usual effect.) The tracer will be notified at its next call to "
8763 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the related \"wait\" system calls); that call will "
8764 "return a I<status> value containing information that indicates the cause of "
8765 "the stop in the tracee. While the tracee is stopped, the tracer can use "
8766 "various ptrace requests to inspect and modify the tracee. The tracer then "
8767 "causes the tracee to continue, optionally ignoring the delivered signal (or "
8768 "even delivering a different signal instead)."
8770 "トレースの実行中、子プロセスはシグナルが配送されるたびに、 たとえそのシグナル"
8771 "が無視すべきものであっても停止する (B<SIGKILL> は例外で、通常どおりの効果をも"
8772 "たらす)。 親プロセスには次の B<wait>(2) で通知され、停止している間に子プロセ"
8773 "スを調べたり修正したりすることができる。 そして親プロセスは子プロセスの実行を"
8774 "再開させるが、配送された シグナルを無視することもできる (あるいは代わりに別の"
8775 "シグナルを 配送することもできる) 。"
8778 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:125
8780 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is not in effect, all successful calls "
8781 "to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause it to be sent a B<SIGTRAP> "
8782 "signal, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program "
8787 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:129
8790 #| "When the parent is finished tracing, it can terminate the child with "
8791 #| "B<PTRACE_KILL> or cause it to continue executing in a normal, untraced "
8792 #| "mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
8794 "When the tracer is finished tracing, it can cause the tracee to continue "
8795 "executing in a normal, untraced mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
8797 "親プロセスがトレースを終了する際には、 B<PTRACE_KILL> を使用して子プロセスを"
8798 "終了させることもできるし、 B<PTRACE_DETACH> を用いて通常のトレースなしのモー"
8799 "ドにして、 実行を継続させることもできる。"
8802 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:133
8803 msgid "The value of I<request> determines the action to be performed:"
8804 msgstr "I<request> の値がこのシステムコールの動作を決定する:"
8807 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:133
8809 msgid "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
8810 msgstr "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
8813 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:143
8815 "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. A process "
8816 "probably shouldn't make this request if its parent isn't expecting to trace "
8817 "it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
8819 "このプロセスが親プロセスによってトレースされることを表す。親プロセスが自プロ"
8820 "セスをトレースするつもりがない場合には、 おそらくこのプロセスは本要求を行うべ"
8821 "きではないだろう。 (I<pid>, I<addr>, I<data> は無視される。)"
8824 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:158
8827 #| "The above request is used only by the child process; the rest are used "
8828 #| "only by the parent. In the following requests, I<pid> specifies the "
8829 #| "child process to be acted on. For requests other than B<PTRACE_KILL>, "
8830 #| "the child process must be stopped."
8832 "The B<PTRACE_TRACEME> request is used only by the tracee; the remaining "
8833 "requests are used only by the tracer. In the following requests, I<pid> "
8834 "specifies the thread ID of the tracee to be acted on. For requests other "
8835 "than B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and "
8836 "B<PTRACE_KILL>, the tracee must be stopped."
8838 "上記の要求は子プロセスだけが行なうものである。 残りは親プロセスだけが行なうも"
8839 "のである。 以下の要求では、I<pid> で操作の対象となる 子プロセスを指定する。 "
8840 "B<PTRACE_KILL> を除き、要求を行なうためには 子プロセスは停止していなければな"
8844 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:158
8846 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
8847 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
8850 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:169
8853 #| "Reads a word at the location I<addr> in the child's memory, returning the "
8854 #| "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have "
8855 #| "separate text and data address spaces, so the two requests are currently "
8856 #| "equivalent. (The argument I<data> is ignored.)"
8858 "Read a word at the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory, returning the "
8859 "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have separate "
8860 "text and data address spaces, so these two requests are currently "
8861 "equivalent. (I<data> is ignored; but see NOTES.)"
8863 "子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み出す。読み出したワード"
8864 "は B<ptrace>() の返り値として返される。 Linux ではテキスト (text) とデータ "
8865 "(data) で 同じアドレス空間を使用するため、この 2 つの要求は現在のところ 同じ"
8866 "ものである。 (引き数 I<data> は無視される。)"
8869 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:169
8871 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
8872 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
8874 #. PTRACE_PEEKUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
8875 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
8877 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:187
8880 #| "Reads a word at offset I<addr> in the child's USER area, which holds the "
8881 #| "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
8882 #| "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
8883 #| "Typically the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
8884 #| "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
8886 "Read a word at offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area, which holds the "
8887 "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
8888 "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
8889 "Typically, the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
8890 "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored; but see NOTES.)"
8892 "子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み込む。"
8893 "USER 領域にはそのプロセスの レジスタ (registers) などの情報が保持されている "
8894 "(I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照)。読み込んだワードは B<ptrace>() コールの結"
8895 "果として返される。 たいていはオフセットはワード境界になければならないが、 "
8896 "アーキテクチャによってはその必要はない。 「注意」の節を参照。 (I<data> は無視"
8900 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:187
8902 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
8903 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
8906 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:199
8909 #| "Copies the word I<data> to location I<addr> in the child's memory. As "
8910 #| "above, the two requests are currently equivalent."
8912 "Copy the word I<data> to the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory. As for "
8913 "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT> and B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, these two requests are currently "
8916 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置へコピーする。上と同様"
8917 "に、現在のところ二つの 要求は同じものである。"
8920 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:199
8922 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
8923 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
8925 #. PTRACE_POKEUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_POKEUSER,
8926 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
8927 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
8928 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
8930 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:215
8933 #| "Copies the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the child's USER area. As "
8934 #| "above, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to maintain "
8935 #| "the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area are "
8938 "Copy the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area. As for "
8939 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to "
8940 "maintain the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area "
8943 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置にコピーす"
8944 "る。 上と同様に、通常、オフセットはワード境界になければならない。 カーネルの"
8945 "完全性 (integrity) を維持するため、 変更内容によっては USER 領域の変更は禁止"
8949 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:215
8951 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
8952 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
8955 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:238
8958 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
8959 #| "respectively, to location I<data> in the parent. See I<E<lt>sys/user."
8960 #| "hE<gt>> for information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8962 "Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
8963 "to the address I<data> in the tracer. See I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> for "
8964 "information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that "
8965 "SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, "
8966 "I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied to the address I<addr>. "
8967 "B<PTRACE_GETREGS> and B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS> are not present on all "
8970 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタを親プロセスの I<data> "
8971 "の位置にコピーする。この data の書式に関しては I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照"
8972 "すること。(I<addr> は無視される。)"
8975 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:238
8977 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8978 msgstr " B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8981 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:259
8983 "Read the tracee's registers. I<addr> specifies, in an architecture-"
8984 "dependent way, the type of registers to be read. B<NT_PRSTATUS> (with "
8985 "numerical value 1) usually results in reading of general-purpose "
8986 "registers. If the CPU has, for example, floating-point and/or vector "
8987 "registers, they can be retrieved by setting I<addr> to the corresponding "
8988 "B<NT_foo> constant. I<data> points to a B<struct iovec>, which describes "
8989 "the destination buffer's location and length. On return, the kernel "
8990 "modifies B<iov.len> to indicate the actual number of bytes returned."
8994 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:259
8996 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
8997 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
8999 #. FIXME . In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
9000 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
9002 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:284
9005 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
9006 #| "respectively, from location I<data> in the parent. As for "
9007 #| "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general purpose register modifications may be "
9008 #| "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9010 "Modify the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, "
9011 "respectively, from the address I<data> in the tracer. As for "
9012 "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general-purpose register modifications may be "
9013 "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that SPARC systems have the meaning "
9014 "of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, I<data> is ignored and the "
9015 "registers are copied from the address I<addr>. B<PTRACE_SETREGS> and "
9016 "B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS> are not present on all architectures."
9018 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタに 親プロセスの "
9019 "I<date> の位置からコピーする。 B<PTRACE_POKEUSER> と同様に、汎用レジスタに"
9020 "よっては 変更が禁止されている場合がある。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9023 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:284
9025 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
9026 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
9029 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:293
9031 "Modify the tracee's registers. The meaning of I<addr> and I<data> is "
9032 "analogous to B<PTRACE_GETREGSET>."
9036 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:293
9038 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
9039 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
9042 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:305
9045 #| "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copies a "
9046 #| "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the child to location "
9047 #| "I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9049 "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copy a "
9050 "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the tracee to the address "
9051 "I<data> in the tracer. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9053 "停止の原因となったシグナルに関する情報を取得する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体 "
9054 "(B<sigaction>(2) 参照) を子プロセスから親プロセスの I<data> の位置にコピーす"
9055 "る。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9058 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:305
9060 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
9061 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
9064 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:321
9067 #| "Set signal information. Copies a I<siginfo_t> structure from location "
9068 #| "I<data> in the parent to the child. This will only affect signals that "
9069 #| "would normally be delivered to the child and were caught by the tracer. "
9070 #| "It may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
9071 #| "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9073 "Set signal information: copy a I<siginfo_t> structure from the address "
9074 "I<data> in the tracer to the tracee. This will affect only signals that "
9075 "would normally be delivered to the tracee and were caught by the tracer. It "
9076 "may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
9077 "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9079 "シグナル情報を設定する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体を親プロセスのデータ I<data> の位"
9080 "置から 子プロセスにコピーする。 この処理を行うことができるのは、子プロセスに"
9081 "通常は配送されるはずで トレーサに捕捉されたシグナルについてだけである。 これ"
9082 "らの通常のシグナルと B<ptrace>() 自身が発生するシグナルを見分けるのは難しい"
9083 "かもしれない。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9086 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:321
9088 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO> (since Linux 3.10)"
9089 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
9091 #. commit 84c751bd4aebbaae995fe32279d3dba48327bad4
9093 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:347
9095 "Retrieve I<siginfo_t> structures without removing signals from a queue. "
9096 "I<addr> points to a I<ptrace_peeksiginfo_args> structure that specifies the "
9097 "ordinal position from which copying of signals should start, and the number "
9098 "of signals to copy. I<siginfo_t> structures are copied into the buffer "
9099 "pointed to by I<data>. The return value contains the number of copied "
9100 "signals (zero indicates that there is no signal corresponding to the "
9101 "specified ordinal position). Within the returned I<siginfo> structures, the "
9102 "I<si_code> field includes information (B<__SI_CHLD>, B<__SI_FAULT>, etc.) "
9103 "that are not otherwise exposed to user space."
9107 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:356
9110 "struct ptrace_peeksiginfo_args {\n"
9111 " u64 off; /* Ordinal position in queue at which\n"
9112 " to start copying signals */\n"
9113 " u32 flags; /* PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO_SHARED or 0 */\n"
9114 " s32 nr; /* Number of signals to copy */\n"
9119 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:363
9121 "Currently, there is only one flag, B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO_SHARED>, for dumping "
9122 "signals from the process-wide signal queue. If this flag is not set, "
9123 "signals are read from the per-thread queue of the specified thread."
9127 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:365
9129 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGMASK> (since Linux 3.11)"
9130 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGMASK> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
9132 #. commit 29000caecbe87b6b66f144f72111f0d02fbbf0c1
9134 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:380
9136 "Place a copy of the mask of blocked signals (see B<sigprocmask>(2)) in the "
9137 "buffer pointed to by I<data>, which should be a pointer to a buffer of type "
9138 "I<sigset_t>. The I<addr> argument contains the size of the buffer pointed "
9139 "to by I<data> (i.e., I<sizeof(sigset_t)>)."
9143 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:380
9145 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGMASK> (since Linux 3.11)"
9146 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETSIGMASK> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
9149 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:394
9151 "Change the mask of blocked signals (see B<sigprocmask>(2)) to the value "
9152 "specified in the buffer pointed to by I<data>, which should be a pointer to "
9153 "a buffer of type I<sigset_t>. The I<addr> argument contains the size of the "
9154 "buffer pointed to by I<data> (i.e., I<sizeof(sigset_t)>)."
9158 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:394
9160 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
9161 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (Linux 2.4.6 以降; バグの章にある警告も参照)"
9164 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:403
9166 "Set ptrace options from I<data>. (I<addr> is ignored.) I<data> is "
9167 "interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by the following "
9170 "I<data> に基づいて ptrace のオプションを設定する (I<addr> は無視される)。 "
9171 "I<data> はオプションのビットマスクとして解釈され、 オプションには以下のフラグ"
9175 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:404
9177 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
9178 msgstr " B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
9180 #. commit 992fb6e170639b0849bace8e49bf31bd37c4123
9182 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:412
9184 "If a tracer sets this flag, a B<SIGKILL> signal will be sent to every tracee "
9185 "if the tracer exits. This option is useful for ptrace jailers that want to "
9186 "ensure that tracees can never escape the tracer's control."
9190 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:412
9192 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9193 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9196 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:429
9199 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9200 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9201 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9202 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9204 "Stop the tracee at the next B<clone>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
9205 "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
9206 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
9207 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9209 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9210 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
9211 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
9212 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9215 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:432
9217 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9218 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9221 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:436 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:522
9222 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:555
9223 msgid "The PID of the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9224 msgstr "新規のプロセスの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9227 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:457
9230 #| "Stop the child at the next B<clone>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9231 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9232 #| "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9233 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This option "
9234 #| "may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the child calls "
9235 #| "B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will be "
9236 #| "delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
9237 #| "child calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
9238 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
9240 "This option may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the tracee "
9241 "calls B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will "
9242 "be delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
9243 "tracee calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
9244 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
9246 "次の B<clone>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt> "
9247 "\\8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに clone で作成されたプロセスのト"
9248 "レースを自動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセ"
9249 "スの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。 このオプションで全ての "
9250 "B<clone>(2) コールを捕まえられるわけではない。 子プロセスが B<CLONE_VFORK> "
9251 "フラグ付きで B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合、 B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> が設定さ"
9252 "れていれば代わりに B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> が配送される。 また、子プロセスが終"
9253 "了シグナルを B<SIGCHLD> に設定して B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合は、 "
9254 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> が設定されていれば B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> が配送される。"
9257 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:457
9259 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9260 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9263 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:466
9265 "Stop the tracee at the next B<execve>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer "
9266 "will return a I<status> value such that"
9270 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:469
9272 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9273 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9276 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:475
9278 "If the execing thread is not a thread group leader, the thread ID is reset "
9279 "to thread group leader's ID before this stop. Since Linux 3.0, the former "
9280 "thread ID can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9284 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:475
9286 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
9287 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
9290 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:483
9292 "Stop the tracee at exit. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a "
9293 "I<status> value such that"
9297 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:486
9299 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9300 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9303 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:490
9304 msgid "The tracee's exit status can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9308 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:498
9311 #| "Stop the child at exit with I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9312 #| "8>. The child's exit status can be retrieved with "
9313 #| "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This stop will be done early during process exit "
9314 #| "when registers are still available, allowing the tracer to see where the "
9315 #| "exit occurred, whereas the normal exit notification is done after the "
9316 #| "process is finished exiting. Even though context is available, the "
9317 #| "tracer cannot prevent the exit from happening at this point."
9319 "The tracee is stopped early during process exit, when registers are still "
9320 "available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred, whereas the "
9321 "normal exit notification is done after the process is finished exiting. "
9322 "Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from "
9323 "happening at this point."
9325 "終了 (exit) 時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセス"
9326 "の動作を停止させる。子プロセスの終了ステータスは B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得"
9327 "できる。 この停止はレジスタがまだ参照可能であるプロセス終了処理の初期に行わ"
9328 "れ、 トレーサはどこで終了が発生したかを知ることができる。 通常の終了通知 "
9329 "(exit notification) はプロセスの終了処理が完了した後に 行われる。コンテキスト"
9330 "を参照することはできるにも関わらず、 トレーサはこの時点から終了を止めることは"
9334 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:498
9336 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9337 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9340 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:515
9343 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9344 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9345 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9346 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9348 "Stop the tracee at the next B<fork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
9349 "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
9350 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
9351 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9353 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9354 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
9355 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
9356 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9359 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:518
9361 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9362 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9365 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:522
9367 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (since Linux 2.4.6)"
9368 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (Linux 2.4.6 以降)"
9371 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:531
9374 #| "When delivering syscall traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
9375 #| "deliver I<SIGTRAP | 0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to tell "
9376 #| "the difference between normal traps and those caused by a syscall. "
9377 #| "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> may not work on all architectures.)"
9379 "When delivering system call traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
9380 "deliver I<SIGTRAP|0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to distinguish "
9381 "normal traps from those caused by a system call. (B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
9382 "may not work on all architectures.)"
9384 "システムコールのトラップが配送されたときに、シグナル番号のビット 7 を設定す"
9385 "る (すなわち、I<SIGTRAP | 0x80> を配送する)。 これにより、トレーサが通常のト"
9386 "ラップとシステムコールによるトラップを 区別しやすくなる。 "
9387 "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> はどのアーキテクチャでも動作しない可能性がある。)"
9390 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:531
9392 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9393 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9396 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:548
9399 #| "Stop the child at the next B<vfork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9400 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9401 #| "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9402 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9404 "Stop the tracee at the next B<vfork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
9405 "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
9406 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
9407 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9409 "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9410 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに vfork されたプロセスのトレースを自"
9411 "動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
9412 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9415 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:551
9417 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9418 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9421 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:555
9423 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
9424 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
9427 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:564
9429 "Stop the tracee at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) "
9430 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9434 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:567
9436 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9440 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:571
9442 "The PID of the new process can (since Linux 2.6.18) be retrieved with "
9443 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9447 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:571
9449 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP> (since Linux 3.5)"
9450 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP> (Linux 3.5 以降)"
9453 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:582
9456 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9457 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9458 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9459 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9461 "Stop the tracee when a B<seccomp>(2) B<SECCOMP_RET_TRACE> rule is "
9462 "triggered. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a I<status> value "
9465 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9466 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
9467 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
9468 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9471 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:585
9473 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMPE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9474 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMPE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9477 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:595
9479 "While this triggers a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, it is similar to a syscall-enter-"
9480 "stop, in that the tracee has not yet entered the syscall that seccomp "
9481 "triggered on. The seccomp event message data (from the B<SECCOMP_RET_DATA> "
9482 "portion of the seccomp filter rule) can be retrieved with "
9483 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9487 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:596
9489 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9490 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9493 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:623
9496 #| "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
9497 #| "just happened, placing it in the location I<data> in the parent. For "
9498 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> this is the child's exit status. For "
9499 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> and B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> "
9500 #| "this is the PID of the new process. Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the "
9501 #| "new process is also available for B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>. (I<addr> "
9504 "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
9505 "just happened, placing it at the address I<data> in the tracer. For "
9506 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>, this is the tracee's exit status. For "
9507 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>, and "
9508 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>, this is the PID of the new process. For "
9509 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP>, this is the B<seccomp>(2) filter's "
9510 "B<SECCOMP_RET_DATA> associated with the triggered rule. (I<addr> is "
9513 "発生したばかりの ptrace イベントに関するメッセージを (I<unsigned long> 型で) "
9514 "取得する。 取得したメッセージは親プロセスの I<data> の位置に格納される。 得ら"
9515 "れる内容は、 B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> の場合は子プロセスの終了ステータスであり、 "
9516 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> の場合は新"
9517 "しいプロセスの PID である。 Linux 2.6.18 以降では、新しいプロセスの PID は "
9518 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE> で入手できる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9521 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:623
9523 msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
9524 msgstr "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
9527 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:635
9530 #| "Restarts the stopped child process. If I<data> is nonzero and not "
9531 #| "B<SIGSTOP>, it is interpreted as a signal to be delivered to the child; "
9532 #| "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the parent can "
9533 #| "control whether a signal sent to the child is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
9536 "Restart the stopped tracee process. If I<data> is nonzero, it is "
9537 "interpreted as the number of a signal to be delivered to the tracee; "
9538 "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the tracer can "
9539 "control whether a signal sent to the tracee is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
9542 "停止した子プロセスの実行を再開させる。 I<data> がゼロでなく、 B<SIGSTOP> でも"
9543 "なければ、 子プロセスに配送されるシグナルと解釈される。 ゼロや B<SIGSTOP> の"
9544 "場合はシグナルは配送されない。 これを使うと、例えば、親プロセスは 子プロセス"
9545 "に送られたシグナルを実際に配送するかどうかを 制御することができる。(I<addr> "
9549 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:635
9551 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
9552 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
9555 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:659
9558 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arranges for the "
9559 #| "child to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or "
9560 #| "after execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The child will "
9561 #| "also, as usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the parent's "
9562 #| "perspective, the child will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a "
9563 #| "B<SIGTRAP>. So, for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to "
9564 #| "inspect the arguments to the system call at the first stop, then do "
9565 #| "another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and inspect the return value of the system call "
9566 #| "at the second stop. The I<data> argument is treated as for "
9567 #| "B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9569 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arrange for the tracee "
9570 "to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or after "
9571 "execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The tracee will also, as "
9572 "usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the tracer's perspective, "
9573 "the tracee will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a B<SIGTRAP>. So, "
9574 "for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to inspect the arguments to "
9575 "the system call at the first stop, then do another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and "
9576 "inspect the return value of the system call at the second stop. The I<data> "
9577 "argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9579 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし、 "
9580 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> の場合は子プロセスが 次にシステムコールに入るかシステムコー"
9581 "ルから抜けるかする時に、 B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP> の場合は 1 命令 (instruction) "
9582 "実行した後に停止させる (通常どおり、子プロセスはシグナルを受け取った場合にも"
9583 "停止する)。 親プロセスから見ると、子プロセスは B<SIGTRAP> を受信して停止した"
9584 "ように見える。そのため、例えば B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を使うと、1回目の停止で引き"
9585 "数を調べて B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を実行し、 2回目の停止でシステムコールの返り値を"
9586 "調べる、 というようなことができる。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> の場合と"
9587 "同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9590 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:659
9592 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
9593 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (Linux 2.6.14 以降)"
9597 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:680
9600 #| "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next syscall, "
9601 #| "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
9602 #| "but also singlestep if not a syscall. This call is used by programs like "
9603 #| "User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the child's system calls. The "
9604 #| "I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored; "
9605 #| "not supported on all architectures.)"
9607 "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next system call, "
9608 "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
9609 "but also singlestep if not a system call. This call is used by programs "
9610 "like User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the tracee's system calls. "
9611 "The I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. The I<addr> argument "
9612 "is ignored. These requests are currently supported only on x86."
9614 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU> は、実行を再開し、次のシステムコールに入る時に停止させる。 "
9615 "システムコールは実行されない。 B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> も同様だが、システ"
9616 "ムコールでない場合には 1 命令 (singlestep) だけ実行した時点でも停止させる。 "
9617 "このコールは User Mode Linux のように子プロセスのシステムコールを全て エミュ"
9618 "レートしようとするプログラムで使用される。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> "
9619 "の場合と同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。 全てのアーキテクチャでサ"
9623 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:680
9625 msgid "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
9626 msgstr " B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
9629 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:691
9631 "Restart the stopped tracee, but prevent it from executing. The resulting "
9632 "state of the tracee is similar to a process which has been stopped by a "
9633 "B<SIGSTOP> (or other stopping signal). See the \"group-stop\" subsection "
9634 "for additional information. B<PTRACE_LISTEN> works only on tracees attached "
9635 "by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
9639 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:691
9641 msgid "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
9642 msgstr "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
9645 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:700
9648 #| "Sends the child a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
9651 "Send the tracee a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
9654 "子プロセスに B<SIGKILL> を送り終了させる。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
9656 #. [Note from Denys Vlasenko:
9657 #. deprecation suggested by Oleg Nesterov. He prefers to deprecate it
9658 #. instead of describing (and needing to support) PTRACE_KILL's quirks.]
9660 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:719
9662 "I<This operation is deprecated; do not use it!> Instead, send a B<SIGKILL> "
9663 "directly using B<kill>(2) or B<tgkill>(2). The problem with B<PTRACE_KILL> "
9664 "is that it requires the tracee to be in signal-delivery-stop, otherwise it "
9665 "may not work (i.e., may complete successfully but won't kill the tracee). "
9666 "By contrast, sending a B<SIGKILL> directly has no such limitation."
9670 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:719
9672 msgid "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
9673 msgstr " B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
9676 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:747
9678 "Stop a tracee. If the tracee is running or sleeping in kernel space and "
9679 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> is in effect, the system call is interrupted and syscall-"
9680 "exit-stop is reported. (The interrupted system call is restarted when the "
9681 "tracee is restarted.) If the tracee was already stopped by a signal and "
9682 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> was sent to it, the tracee stops with B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> "
9683 "and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns the stop signal. If any other ptrace-stop "
9684 "is generated at the same time (for example, if a signal is sent to the "
9685 "tracee), this ptrace-stop happens. If none of the above applies (for "
9686 "example, if the tracee is running in user space), it stops with "
9687 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> with I<WSTOPSIG(status)> == B<SIGTRAP>. "
9688 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> only works on tracees attached by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
9692 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:747
9694 msgid "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
9695 msgstr "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
9697 #. No longer true (removed by Denys Vlasenko, 2011, who remarks:
9698 #. "I think it isn't true in non-ancient 2.4 and in 2.6/3.x.
9699 #. Basically, it's not true for any Linux in practical use.
9700 #. ; the behavior of the tracee is as if it had done a
9701 #. .BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
9702 #. The calling process actually becomes the parent of the tracee
9703 #. process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive
9704 #. notification of tracee events and appears in
9706 #. output as the tracee's parent), but a
9708 #. by the tracee will still return the PID of the original parent.
9710 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:775
9712 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
9713 "process. The tracee is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not necessarily have "
9714 "stopped by the completion of this call; use B<waitpid>(2) to wait for the "
9715 "tracee to stop. See the \"Attaching and detaching\" subsection for "
9716 "additional information. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
9720 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:775
9722 msgid "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
9723 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
9726 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:795
9728 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
9729 "process. Unlike B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the "
9730 "process. Only a B<PTRACE_SEIZE>d process can accept B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
9731 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> commands. I<addr> must be zero. I<data> contains a bit "
9732 "mask of ptrace options to activate immediately."
9736 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:795
9738 msgid "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
9739 msgstr "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
9742 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:804
9745 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detaches from "
9746 #| "the process, undoing the reparenting effect of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, and the "
9747 #| "effects of B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. Although perhaps not intended, under Linux "
9748 #| "a traced child can be detached in this way regardless of which method was "
9749 #| "used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9751 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detach from it. "
9752 "Under Linux, a tracee can be detached in this way regardless of which method "
9753 "was used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9755 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし まずそのプロセス"
9756 "からの分離 (detach) を行い、 B<PTRACE_ATTACH> での親の切り換えによる効果と "
9757 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> の効果を取り消す。意図したものではないだろうが、 Linux で"
9758 "は、トレースされている子プロセスはどのような方法でトレースを 開始されたとして"
9759 "も、この方法で分離 (detach) することができる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9762 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:804
9764 msgid "Death under ptrace"
9768 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:813
9770 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a killing signal (one whose "
9771 "disposition is set to B<SIG_DFL> and whose default action is to kill the "
9772 "process), all threads exit. Tracees report their death to their tracer(s). "
9773 "Notification of this event is delivered via B<waitpid>(2)."
9777 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:822
9779 "Note that the killing signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
9780 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
9781 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will death from the signal "
9782 "happen on I<all> tracees within a multithreaded process. (The term \"signal-"
9783 "delivery-stop\" is explained below.)"
9787 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:834
9789 "B<SIGKILL> does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore the tracer "
9790 "can't suppress it. B<SIGKILL> kills even within system calls (syscall-exit-"
9791 "stop is not generated prior to death by B<SIGKILL>). The net effect is that "
9792 "B<SIGKILL> always kills the process (all its threads), even if some threads "
9793 "of the process are ptraced."
9797 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:839
9799 "When the tracee calls B<_exit>(2), it reports its death to its tracer. "
9800 "Other threads are not affected."
9804 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:843
9806 "When any thread executes B<exit_group>(2), every tracee in its thread group "
9807 "reports its death to its tracer."
9811 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:857
9813 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option is on, B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> will happen "
9814 "before actual death. This applies to exits via B<exit>(2), "
9815 "B<exit_group>(2), and signal deaths (except B<SIGKILL>), and when threads "
9816 "are torn down on B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process."
9820 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:882
9822 "The tracer cannot assume that the ptrace-stopped tracee exists. There are "
9823 "many scenarios when the tracee may die while stopped (such as B<SIGKILL>). "
9824 "Therefore, the tracer must be prepared to handle an B<ESRCH> error on any "
9825 "ptrace operation. Unfortunately, the same error is returned if the tracee "
9826 "exists but is not ptrace-stopped (for commands which require a stopped "
9827 "tracee), or if it is not traced by the process which issued the ptrace "
9828 "call. The tracer needs to keep track of the stopped/running state of the "
9829 "tracee, and interpret B<ESRCH> as \"tracee died unexpectedly\" only if it "
9830 "knows that the tracee has been observed to enter ptrace-stop. Note that "
9831 "there is no guarantee that I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> will reliably report the "
9832 "tracee's death status if a ptrace operation returned B<ESRCH>. "
9833 "I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> may return 0 instead. In other words, the tracee may be "
9834 "\"not yet fully dead\", but already refusing ptrace requests."
9838 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:896
9840 "The tracer can't assume that the tracee I<always> ends its life by reporting "
9841 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> or I<WIFSIGNALED(status)>; there are cases where this "
9842 "does not occur. For example, if a thread other than thread group leader "
9843 "does an B<execve>(2), it disappears; its PID will never be seen again, and "
9844 "any subsequent ptrace stops will be reported under the thread group leader's "
9849 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:896
9851 msgid "Stopped states"
9855 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:918
9857 "A tracee can be in two states: running or stopped. For the purposes of "
9858 "ptrace, a tracee which is blocked in a system call (such as B<read>(2), "
9859 "B<pause>(2), etc.) is nevertheless considered to be running, even if the "
9860 "tracee is blocked for a long time. The state of the tracee after "
9861 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> is somewhat of a gray area: it is not in any ptrace-stop "
9862 "(ptrace commands won't work on it, and it will deliver B<waitpid>(2) "
9863 "notifications), but it also may be considered \"stopped\" because it is not "
9864 "executing instructions (is not scheduled), and if it was in group-stop "
9865 "before B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, it will not respond to signals until B<SIGCONT> is "
9870 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:922
9872 "There are many kinds of states when the tracee is stopped, and in ptrace "
9873 "discussions they are often conflated. Therefore, it is important to use "
9878 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:933
9880 "In this manual page, any stopped state in which the tracee is ready to "
9881 "accept ptrace commands from the tracer is called I<ptrace-stop>. Ptrace-"
9882 "stops can be further subdivided into I<signal-delivery-stop>, I<group-stop>, "
9883 "I<syscall-stop>, and so on. These stopped states are described in detail "
9888 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:938
9890 "When the running tracee enters ptrace-stop, it notifies its tracer using "
9891 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the other \"wait\" system calls). Most of this "
9892 "manual page assumes that the tracer waits with:"
9896 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:940
9898 msgid " pid = waitpid(pid_or_minus_1, &status, __WALL);\n"
9902 #. Do we require __WALL usage, or will just using 0 be ok? (With 0,
9903 #. I am not 100% sure there aren't ugly corner cases.) Are the
9904 #. rules different if user wants to use waitid? Will waitid require
9907 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:952
9909 "Ptrace-stopped tracees are reported as returns with I<pid> greater than 0 "
9910 "and I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true."
9914 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:960
9916 "The B<__WALL> flag does not include the B<WSTOPPED> and B<WEXITED> flags, "
9917 "but implies their functionality."
9921 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:967
9923 "Setting the B<WCONTINUED> flag when calling B<waitpid>(2) is not "
9924 "recommended: the \"continued\" state is per-process and consuming it can "
9925 "confuse the real parent of the tracee."
9929 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:975
9931 "Use of the B<WNOHANG> flag may cause B<waitpid>(2) to return 0 (\"no wait "
9932 "results available yet\") even if the tracer knows there should be a "
9933 "notification. Example:"
9937 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:984
9941 " ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0L, 0L);\n"
9942 " if (errno == ESRCH) {\n"
9943 " /* tracee is dead */\n"
9944 " r = waitpid(tracee, &status, __WALL | WNOHANG);\n"
9945 " /* r can still be 0 here! */\n"
9950 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1007
9952 "The following kinds of ptrace-stops exist: signal-delivery-stops, group-"
9953 "stops, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops, syscall-stops. They all are reported by "
9954 "B<waitpid>(2) with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true. They may be differentiated "
9955 "by examining the value I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8>, and if there is ambiguity in "
9956 "that value, by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. (Note: the "
9957 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)> macro can't be used to perform this examination, because "
9958 "it returns the value I<(statusE<gt>E<gt>8)\\ &\\ 0xff>.)"
9962 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1007
9964 msgid "Signal-delivery-stop"
9968 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1027
9970 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives any signal except "
9971 "B<SIGKILL>, the kernel selects an arbitrary thread which handles the "
9972 "signal. (If the signal is generated with B<tgkill>(2), the target thread "
9973 "can be explicitly selected by the caller.) If the selected thread is "
9974 "traced, it enters signal-delivery-stop. At this point, the signal is not "
9975 "yet delivered to the process, and can be suppressed by the tracer. If the "
9976 "tracer doesn't suppress the signal, it passes the signal to the tracee in "
9977 "the next ptrace restart request. This second step of signal delivery is "
9978 "called I<signal injection> in this manual page. Note that if the signal is "
9979 "blocked, signal-delivery-stop doesn't happen until the signal is unblocked, "
9980 "with the usual exception that B<SIGSTOP> can't be blocked."
9984 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1041
9986 "Signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
9987 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the signal returned by "
9988 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)>. If the signal is B<SIGTRAP>, this may be a different "
9989 "kind of ptrace-stop; see the \"Syscall-stops\" and \"execve\" sections below "
9990 "for details. If I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns a stopping signal, this may be "
9991 "a group-stop; see below."
9995 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1041
9997 msgid "Signal injection and suppression"
10000 #. type: Plain text
10001 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1044
10003 "After signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer, the tracer should "
10004 "restart the tracee with the call"
10007 #. type: Plain text
10008 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1046
10010 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, sig)\n"
10013 #. type: Plain text
10014 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1059
10016 "where B<PTRACE_restart> is one of the restarting ptrace requests. If I<sig> "
10017 "is 0, then a signal is not delivered. Otherwise, the signal I<sig> is "
10018 "delivered. This operation is called I<signal injection> in this manual "
10019 "page, to distinguish it from signal-delivery-stop."
10022 #. type: Plain text
10023 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1065
10025 "The I<sig> value may be different from the I<WSTOPSIG(status)> value: the "
10026 "tracer can cause a different signal to be injected."
10029 #. type: Plain text
10030 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1081
10032 "Note that a suppressed signal still causes system calls to return "
10033 "prematurely. In this case, system calls will be restarted: the tracer will "
10034 "observe the tracee to reexecute the interrupted system call (or "
10035 "B<restart_syscall>(2) system call for a few system calls which use a "
10036 "different mechanism for restarting) if the tracer uses B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>. "
10037 "Even system calls (such as B<poll>(2)) which are not restartable after "
10038 "signal are restarted after signal is suppressed; however, kernel bugs exist "
10039 "which cause some system calls to fail with B<EINTR> even though no "
10040 "observable signal is injected to the tracee."
10043 #. type: Plain text
10044 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1092
10046 "Restarting ptrace commands issued in ptrace-stops other than signal-delivery-"
10047 "stop are not guaranteed to inject a signal, even if I<sig> is nonzero. No "
10048 "error is reported; a nonzero I<sig> may simply be ignored. Ptrace users "
10049 "should not try to \"create a new signal\" this way: use B<tgkill>(2) "
10053 #. type: Plain text
10054 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1099
10056 "The fact that signal injection requests may be ignored when restarting the "
10057 "tracee after ptrace stops that are not signal-delivery-stops is a cause of "
10058 "confusion among ptrace users. One typical scenario is that the tracer "
10059 "observes group-stop, mistakes it for signal-delivery-stop, restarts the "
10063 #. type: Plain text
10064 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1101
10066 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, stopsig)\n"
10069 #. type: Plain text
10070 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1107
10072 "with the intention of injecting I<stopsig>, but I<stopsig> gets ignored and "
10073 "the tracee continues to run."
10076 #. type: Plain text
10077 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1127
10079 "The B<SIGCONT> signal has a side effect of waking up (all threads of) a "
10080 "group-stopped process. This side effect happens before signal-delivery-"
10081 "stop. The tracer can't suppress this side effect (it can only suppress "
10082 "signal injection, which only causes the B<SIGCONT> handler to not be "
10083 "executed in the tracee, if such a handler is installed). In fact, waking up "
10084 "from group-stop may be followed by signal-delivery-stop for signal(s) "
10085 "I<other than> B<SIGCONT>, if they were pending when B<SIGCONT> was "
10086 "delivered. In other words, B<SIGCONT> may be not the first signal observed "
10087 "by the tracee after it was sent."
10090 #. type: Plain text
10091 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1131
10093 "Stopping signals cause (all threads of) a process to enter group-stop. This "
10094 "side effect happens after signal injection, and therefore can be suppressed "
10099 #. In the Linux 2.4 sources, in arch/i386/kernel/signal.c::do_signal(),
10101 #. /* The debugger continued. Ignore SIGSTOP. */
10102 #. if (signr == SIGSTOP)
10104 #. type: Plain text
10105 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1141
10106 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, the B<SIGSTOP> signal can't be injected."
10109 #. type: Plain text
10110 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1158
10112 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> can be used to retrieve a I<siginfo_t> structure which "
10113 "corresponds to the delivered signal. B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> may be used to "
10114 "modify it. If B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> has been used to alter I<siginfo_t>, the "
10115 "I<si_signo> field and the I<sig> parameter in the restarting command must "
10116 "match, otherwise the result is undefined."
10120 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1158
10125 #. type: Plain text
10126 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1170
10128 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a stopping signal, all "
10129 "threads stop. If some threads are traced, they enter a group-stop. Note "
10130 "that the stopping signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
10131 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
10132 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will group-stop be initiated on "
10133 "I<all> tracees within the multithreaded process. As usual, every tracee "
10134 "reports its group-stop separately to the corresponding tracer."
10137 #. type: Plain text
10138 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1179
10140 "Group-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning with "
10141 "I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the stopping signal available via "
10142 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)>. The same result is returned by some other classes of "
10143 "ptrace-stops, therefore the recommended practice is to perform the call"
10146 #. type: Plain text
10147 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1181
10149 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo)\n"
10152 #. type: Plain text
10153 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1202
10155 "The call can be avoided if the signal is not B<SIGSTOP>, B<SIGTSTP>, "
10156 "B<SIGTTIN>, or B<SIGTTOU>; only these four signals are stopping signals. If "
10157 "the tracer sees something else, it can't be a group-stop. Otherwise, the "
10158 "tracer needs to call B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. If B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> fails "
10159 "with B<EINVAL>, then it is definitely a group-stop. (Other failure codes "
10160 "are possible, such as B<ESRCH> (\"no such process\") if a B<SIGKILL> killed "
10164 #. type: Plain text
10165 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1212
10167 "If tracee was attached using B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, group-stop is indicated by "
10168 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>: I<statusE<gt>E<gt>16 == PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. This "
10169 "allows detection of group-stops without requiring an extra "
10170 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> call."
10173 #. type: Plain text
10174 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1221
10176 "As of Linux 2.6.38, after the tracer sees the tracee ptrace-stop and until "
10177 "it restarts or kills it, the tracee will not run, and will not send "
10178 "notifications (except B<SIGKILL> death) to the tracer, even if the tracer "
10179 "enters into another B<waitpid>(2) call."
10182 #. type: Plain text
10183 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1235
10185 "The kernel behavior described in the previous paragraph causes a problem "
10186 "with transparent handling of stopping signals. If the tracer restarts the "
10187 "tracee after group-stop, the stopping signal is effectively ignored\\(emthe "
10188 "tracee doesn't remain stopped, it runs. If the tracer doesn't restart the "
10189 "tracee before entering into the next B<waitpid>(2), future B<SIGCONT> "
10190 "signals will not be reported to the tracer; this would cause the B<SIGCONT> "
10191 "signals to have no effect on the tracee."
10194 #. type: Plain text
10195 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
10197 "Since Linux 3.4, there is a method to overcome this problem: instead of "
10198 "B<PTRACE_CONT>, a B<PTRACE_LISTEN> command can be used to restart a tracee "
10199 "in a way where it does not execute, but waits for a new event which it can "
10200 "report via B<waitpid>(2) (such as when it is restarted by a B<SIGCONT>)."
10204 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
10206 msgid "PTRACE_EVENT stops"
10209 #. type: Plain text
10210 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1252
10212 "If the tracer sets B<PTRACE_O_TRACE_*> options, the tracee will enter ptrace-"
10213 "stops called B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops."
10216 #. type: Plain text
10217 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1266
10219 "B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops are observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
10220 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)>, and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns B<SIGTRAP>. An "
10221 "additional bit is set in the higher byte of the status word: the value "
10222 "I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8> will be"
10225 #. type: Plain text
10226 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1268
10228 msgid " (SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_foo E<lt>E<lt> 8).\n"
10231 #. type: Plain text
10232 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1270
10233 msgid "The following events exist:"
10237 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1270
10239 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
10240 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
10242 #. type: Plain text
10243 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1283
10245 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
10246 "flag. When the tracee is continued after this stop, it will wait for child "
10247 "to exit/exec before continuing its execution (in other words, the usual "
10248 "behavior on B<vfork>(2))."
10252 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1283
10254 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
10255 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
10257 #. type: Plain text
10258 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1291
10260 "Stop before return from B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set "
10265 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1291
10267 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
10268 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
10270 #. type: Plain text
10271 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1295
10272 msgid "Stop before return from B<clone>(2)."
10276 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1295
10278 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
10279 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
10281 #. type: Plain text
10282 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1305
10284 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
10285 "flag, but after the child unblocked this tracee by exiting or execing."
10288 #. type: Plain text
10289 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1311
10291 "For all four stops described above, the stop occurs in the parent (i.e., the "
10292 "tracee), not in the newly created thread. B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> can be used "
10293 "to retrieve the new thread's ID."
10297 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1311
10299 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
10300 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
10302 #. type: Plain text
10303 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1318
10305 "Stop before return from B<execve>(2). Since Linux 3.0, "
10306 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the former thread ID."
10310 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1318
10312 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
10313 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
10315 #. type: Plain text
10316 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1334
10318 "Stop before exit (including death from B<exit_group>(2)), signal death, or "
10319 "exit caused by B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process. "
10320 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the exit status. Registers can be examined "
10321 "(unlike when \"real\" exit happens). The tracee is still alive; it needs to "
10322 "be B<PTRACE_CONT>ed or B<PTRACE_DETACH>ed to finish exiting."
10326 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1334
10328 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
10329 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
10331 #. type: Plain text
10332 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1346
10334 "Stop induced by B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command, or group-stop, or initial "
10335 "ptrace-stop when a new child is attached (only if attached using "
10336 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE>), or B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used."
10340 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1346
10342 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP>"
10343 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP>"
10345 #. type: Plain text
10346 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1357
10348 "Stop triggered by a B<seccomp>(2) rule on tracee syscall entry when "
10349 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP> has been set by the tracer. The seccomp event "
10350 "message data (from the B<SECCOMP_RET_DATA> portion of the seccomp filter "
10351 "rule) can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
10354 #. type: Plain text
10355 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1369
10357 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in "
10358 "I<si_signo>, with I<si_code> set to I<(eventE<lt>E<lt>8)\\ |\\ SIGTRAP>."
10362 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1369
10364 msgid "Syscall-stops"
10367 #. type: Plain text
10368 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1382
10370 "If the tracee was restarted by B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-"
10371 "enter-stop just prior to entering any system call. If the tracer restarts "
10372 "the tracee with B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-exit-stop when "
10373 "the system call is finished, or if it is interrupted by a signal. (That is, "
10374 "signal-delivery-stop never happens between syscall-enter-stop and syscall-"
10375 "exit-stop; it happens I<after> syscall-exit-stop.)"
10378 #. type: Plain text
10379 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1396
10381 "Other possibilities are that the tracee may stop in a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, "
10382 "exit (if it entered B<_exit>(2) or B<exit_group>(2)), be killed by "
10383 "B<SIGKILL>, or die silently (if it is a thread group leader, the "
10384 "B<execve>(2) happened in another thread, and that thread is not traced by "
10385 "the same tracer; this situation is discussed later)."
10388 #. type: Plain text
10389 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1411
10391 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are observed by the tracer as "
10392 "B<waitpid>(2) returning with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, and "
10393 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)> giving B<SIGTRAP>. If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
10394 "option was set by the tracer, then I<WSTOPSIG(status)> will give the value "
10395 "I<(SIGTRAP\\ |\\ 0x80)>."
10398 #. type: Plain text
10399 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1417
10401 "Syscall-stops can be distinguished from signal-delivery-stop with B<SIGTRAP> "
10402 "by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for the following cases:"
10406 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1417
10408 msgid "I<si_code> E<lt>= 0"
10411 #. type: Plain text
10412 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1429
10414 "B<SIGTRAP> was delivered as a result of a user-space action, for example, a "
10415 "system call (B<tgkill>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), etc.), expiration of "
10416 "a POSIX timer, change of state on a POSIX message queue, or completion of an "
10417 "asynchronous I/O request."
10421 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1429
10423 msgid "I<si_code> == SI_KERNEL (0x80)"
10426 #. type: Plain text
10427 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1433
10428 msgid "B<SIGTRAP> was sent by the kernel."
10432 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1433
10434 msgid "I<si_code> == SIGTRAP or I<si_code> == (SIGTRAP|0x80)"
10437 #. type: Plain text
10438 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1436
10439 msgid "This is a syscall-stop."
10442 #. type: Plain text
10443 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1441
10445 "However, syscall-stops happen very often (twice per system call), and "
10446 "performing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for every syscall-stop may be somewhat "
10450 #. type: Plain text
10451 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1464
10453 "Some architectures allow the cases to be distinguished by examining "
10454 "registers. For example, on x86, I<rax> == -B<ENOSYS> in syscall-enter-"
10455 "stop. Since B<SIGTRAP> (like any other signal) always happens I<after> "
10456 "syscall-exit-stop, and at this point I<rax> almost never contains -"
10457 "B<ENOSYS>, the B<SIGTRAP> looks like \"syscall-stop which is not syscall-"
10458 "enter-stop\"; in other words, it looks like a \"stray syscall-exit-stop\" "
10459 "and can be detected this way. But such detection is fragile and is best "
10463 #. type: Plain text
10464 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1470
10466 "Using the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option is the recommended method to "
10467 "distinguish syscall-stops from other kinds of ptrace-stops, since it is "
10468 "reliable and does not incur a performance penalty."
10471 #. type: Plain text
10472 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1481
10474 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are indistinguishable from each "
10475 "other by the tracer. The tracer needs to keep track of the sequence of "
10476 "ptrace-stops in order to not misinterpret syscall-enter-stop as syscall-exit-"
10477 "stop or vice versa. The rule is that syscall-enter-stop is always followed "
10478 "by syscall-exit-stop, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop or the tracee's death; no other "
10479 "kinds of ptrace-stop can occur in between."
10482 #. type: Plain text
10483 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1486
10485 "If after syscall-enter-stop, the tracer uses a restarting command other than "
10486 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, syscall-exit-stop is not generated."
10489 #. type: Plain text
10490 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1498
10492 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on syscall-stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in I<si_signo>, "
10493 "with I<si_code> set to B<SIGTRAP> or I<(SIGTRAP|0x80)>."
10497 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1498
10499 msgid "PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU, PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP stops"
10504 #. document stops occurring with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU,
10505 #. PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP
10506 #. type: Plain text
10507 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1504
10508 msgid "[Details of these kinds of stops are yet to be documented.]"
10512 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1504
10514 msgid "Informational and restarting ptrace commands"
10517 #. type: Plain text
10518 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1514
10520 "Most ptrace commands (all except B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, "
10521 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and B<PTRACE_KILL>) require the "
10522 "tracee to be in a ptrace-stop, otherwise they fail with B<ESRCH>."
10525 #. type: Plain text
10526 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1519
10528 "When the tracee is in ptrace-stop, the tracer can read and write data to the "
10529 "tracee using informational commands. These commands leave the tracee in "
10530 "ptrace-stopped state:"
10533 #. type: Plain text
10534 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1531
10537 " ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT/PEEKDATA/PEEKUSER, pid, addr, 0);\n"
10538 " ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT/POKEDATA/POKEUSER, pid, addr, long_val);\n"
10539 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS/GETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
10540 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS/SETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
10541 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
10542 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
10543 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
10544 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
10545 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, 0, &long_var);\n"
10546 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
10549 #. type: Plain text
10550 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1543
10552 "Note that some errors are not reported. For example, setting signal "
10553 "information (I<siginfo>) may have no effect in some ptrace-stops, yet the "
10554 "call may succeed (return 0 and not set I<errno>); querying "
10555 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> may succeed and return some random value if current "
10556 "ptrace-stop is not documented as returning a meaningful event message."
10559 #. type: Plain text
10560 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1545
10564 #. type: Plain text
10565 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1547
10567 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
10570 #. type: Plain text
10571 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1556
10573 "affects one tracee. The tracee's current flags are replaced. Flags are "
10574 "inherited by new tracees created and \"auto-attached\" via active "
10575 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> "
10579 #. type: Plain text
10580 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1559
10582 "Another group of commands makes the ptrace-stopped tracee run. They have "
10586 #. type: Plain text
10587 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1561
10589 msgid " ptrace(cmd, pid, 0, sig);\n"
10592 #. type: Plain text
10593 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1582
10595 "where I<cmd> is B<PTRACE_CONT>, B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, B<PTRACE_DETACH>, "
10596 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, or "
10597 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, "
10598 "I<sig> is the signal to be injected (if it is nonzero). Otherwise, I<sig> "
10599 "may be ignored. (When restarting a tracee from a ptrace-stop other than "
10600 "signal-delivery-stop, recommended practice is to always pass 0 in I<sig>.)"
10604 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1582
10606 msgid "Attaching and detaching"
10609 #. type: Plain text
10610 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1584
10611 msgid "A thread can be attached to the tracer using the call"
10614 #. type: Plain text
10615 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1586
10617 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0);\n"
10620 #. type: Plain text
10621 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1588 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2090
10625 #. type: Plain text
10626 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1590
10628 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
10632 #. FIXME . Describe how to attach to a thread which is already group-stopped.
10633 #. type: Plain text
10634 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1614
10636 "B<PTRACE_ATTACH> sends B<SIGSTOP> to this thread. If the tracer wants this "
10637 "B<SIGSTOP> to have no effect, it needs to suppress it. Note that if other "
10638 "signals are concurrently sent to this thread during attach, the tracer may "
10639 "see the tracee enter signal-delivery-stop with other signal(s) first! The "
10640 "usual practice is to reinject these signals until B<SIGSTOP> is seen, then "
10641 "suppress B<SIGSTOP> injection. The design bug here is that a ptrace attach "
10642 "and a concurrently delivered B<SIGSTOP> may race and the concurrent "
10643 "B<SIGSTOP> may be lost."
10646 #. type: Plain text
10647 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1621
10649 "Since attaching sends B<SIGSTOP> and the tracer usually suppresses it, this "
10650 "may cause a stray B<EINTR> return from the currently executing system call "
10651 "in the tracee, as described in the \"Signal injection and suppression\" "
10655 #. type: Plain text
10656 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1633
10658 "Since Linux 3.4, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> can be used instead of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>. "
10659 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the attached process. If you need to stop it "
10660 "after attach (or at any other time) without sending it any signals, use "
10661 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
10664 #. type: Plain text
10665 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1635
10666 msgid "The request"
10669 #. type: Plain text
10670 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1637
10672 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0);\n"
10675 #. type: Plain text
10676 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1643
10678 "turns the calling thread into a tracee. The thread continues to run "
10679 "(doesn't enter ptrace-stop). A common practice is to follow the "
10680 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> with"
10683 #. type: Plain text
10684 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1645
10686 msgid " raise(SIGSTOP);\n"
10689 #. type: Plain text
10690 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1648
10692 "and allow the parent (which is our tracer now) to observe our signal-"
10696 #. type: Plain text
10697 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1672
10699 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or "
10700 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> options are in effect, then children created by, "
10701 "respectively, B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, "
10702 "B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, and "
10703 "other kinds of B<clone>(2), are automatically attached to the same tracer "
10704 "which traced their parent. B<SIGSTOP> is delivered to the children, causing "
10705 "them to enter signal-delivery-stop after they exit the system call which "
10709 #. type: Plain text
10710 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1674
10711 msgid "Detaching of the tracee is performed by:"
10714 #. type: Plain text
10715 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1676
10717 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, sig);\n"
10720 #. type: Plain text
10721 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1684
10723 "B<PTRACE_DETACH> is a restarting operation; therefore it requires the tracee "
10724 "to be in ptrace-stop. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, a signal "
10725 "can be injected. Otherwise, the I<sig> parameter may be silently ignored."
10728 #. FIXME . Describe how to detach from a group-stopped tracee so that it
10729 #. doesn't run, but continues to wait for SIGCONT.
10730 #. type: Plain text
10731 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1708
10733 "If the tracee is running when the tracer wants to detach it, the usual "
10734 "solution is to send B<SIGSTOP> (using B<tgkill>(2), to make sure it goes to "
10735 "the correct thread), wait for the tracee to stop in signal-delivery-stop for "
10736 "B<SIGSTOP> and then detach it (suppressing B<SIGSTOP> injection). A design "
10737 "bug is that this can race with concurrent B<SIGSTOP>s. Another complication "
10738 "is that the tracee may enter other ptrace-stops and needs to be restarted "
10739 "and waited for again, until B<SIGSTOP> is seen. Yet another complication is "
10740 "to be sure that the tracee is not already ptrace-stopped, because no signal "
10741 "delivery happens while it is\\(emnot even B<SIGSTOP>."
10744 #. type: Plain text
10745 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1716
10747 "If the tracer dies, all tracees are automatically detached and restarted, "
10748 "unless they were in group-stop. Handling of restart from group-stop is "
10749 "currently buggy, but the \"as planned\" behavior is to leave tracee stopped "
10750 "and waiting for B<SIGCONT>. If the tracee is restarted from signal-delivery-"
10751 "stop, the pending signal is injected."
10755 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1716
10757 msgid "execve(2) under ptrace"
10761 #. clone(2) CLONE_THREAD says:
10762 #. If any of the threads in a thread group performs an execve(2),
10763 #. then all threads other than the thread group leader are terminated,
10764 #. and the new program is executed in the thread group leader.
10765 #. In kernel 3.1 sources, see fs/exec.c::de_thread()
10766 #. type: Plain text
10767 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1735
10769 "When one thread in a multithreaded process calls B<execve>(2), the kernel "
10770 "destroys all other threads in the process, and resets the thread ID of the "
10771 "execing thread to the thread group ID (process ID). (Or, to put things "
10772 "another way, when a multithreaded process does an B<execve>(2), at "
10773 "completion of the call, it appears as though the B<execve>(2) occurred in "
10774 "the thread group leader, regardless of which thread did the B<execve>(2).) "
10775 "This resetting of the thread ID looks very confusing to tracers:"
10778 #. type: Plain text
10779 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1745
10781 "All other threads stop in B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop, if the "
10782 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option was turned on. Then all other threads except "
10783 "the thread group leader report death as if they exited via B<_exit>(2) with "
10787 #. type: Plain text
10788 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1753
10790 "The execing tracee changes its thread ID while it is in the B<execve>(2). "
10791 "(Remember, under ptrace, the \"pid\" returned from B<waitpid>(2), or fed "
10792 "into ptrace calls, is the tracee's thread ID.) That is, the tracee's thread "
10793 "ID is reset to be the same as its process ID, which is the same as the "
10794 "thread group leader's thread ID."
10797 #. type: Plain text
10798 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1759
10800 "Then a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop happens, if the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
10801 "option was turned on."
10804 #. type: Plain text
10805 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1780
10807 "If the thread group leader has reported its B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop by "
10808 "this time, it appears to the tracer that the dead thread leader \"reappears "
10809 "from nowhere\". (Note: the thread group leader does not report death via "
10810 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> until there is at least one other live thread. This "
10811 "eliminates the possibility that the tracer will see it dying and then "
10812 "reappearing.) If the thread group leader was still alive, for the tracer "
10813 "this may look as if thread group leader returns from a different system call "
10814 "than it entered, or even \"returned from a system call even though it was "
10815 "not in any system call\". If the thread group leader was not traced (or was "
10816 "traced by a different tracer), then during B<execve>(2) it will appear as "
10817 "if it has become a tracee of the tracer of the execing tracee."
10820 #. type: Plain text
10821 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1783
10823 "All of the above effects are the artifacts of the thread ID change in the "
10827 #. type: Plain text
10828 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1803
10830 "The B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is the recommended tool for dealing with "
10831 "this situation. First, it enables B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop, which occurs "
10832 "before B<execve>(2) returns. In this stop, the tracer can use "
10833 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> to retrieve the tracee's former thread ID. (This "
10834 "feature was introduced in Linux 3.0). Second, the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
10835 "option disables legacy B<SIGTRAP> generation on B<execve>(2)."
10838 #. type: Plain text
10839 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1809
10841 "When the tracer receives B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, it is "
10842 "guaranteed that except this tracee and the thread group leader, no other "
10843 "threads from the process are alive."
10846 #. type: Plain text
10847 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1817
10849 "On receiving the B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, the tracer should "
10850 "clean up all its internal data structures describing the threads of this "
10851 "process, and retain only one data structure\\(emone which describes the "
10852 "single still running tracee, with"
10855 #. type: Plain text
10856 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1819
10858 msgid " thread ID == thread group ID == process ID.\n"
10861 #. type: Plain text
10862 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1823
10863 msgid "Example: two threads call B<execve>(2) at the same time:"
10866 #. type: Plain text
10867 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1834
10870 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 1: **\n"
10871 "PID1 execve(\"/bin/foo\", \"foo\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
10872 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 1 **\n"
10873 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 2: **\n"
10874 "PID2 execve(\"/bin/bar\", \"bar\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
10875 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 2 **\n"
10876 "*** we get PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC for PID0, we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL **\n"
10877 "*** we get syscall-exit-stop for PID0: **\n"
10878 "PID0 E<lt>... execve resumedE<gt> ) = 0\n"
10881 #. type: Plain text
10882 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1857
10884 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is I<not> in effect for the execing "
10885 "tracee, the kernel delivers an extra B<SIGTRAP> to the tracee after "
10886 "B<execve>(2) returns. This is an ordinary signal (similar to one which can "
10887 "be generated by I<kill -TRAP>), not a special kind of ptrace-stop. "
10888 "Employing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for this signal returns I<si_code> set to 0 "
10889 "(I<SI_USER>). This signal may be blocked by signal mask, and thus may be "
10890 "delivered (much) later."
10893 #. type: Plain text
10894 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1876
10896 "Usually, the tracer (for example, B<strace>(1)) would not want to show this "
10897 "extra post-execve B<SIGTRAP> signal to the user, and would suppress its "
10898 "delivery to the tracee (if B<SIGTRAP> is set to B<SIG_DFL>, it is a killing "
10899 "signal). However, determining I<which> B<SIGTRAP> to suppress is not easy. "
10900 "Setting the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option and thus suppressing this extra "
10901 "B<SIGTRAP> is the recommended approach."
10905 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1876
10907 msgid "Real parent"
10910 #. type: Plain text
10911 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1883
10913 "The ptrace API (ab)uses the standard UNIX parent/child signaling over "
10914 "B<waitpid>(2). This used to cause the real parent of the process to stop "
10915 "receiving several kinds of B<waitpid>(2) notifications when the child "
10916 "process is traced by some other process."
10919 #. type: Plain text
10920 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1886
10922 "Many of these bugs have been fixed, but as of Linux 2.6.38 several still "
10923 "exist; see BUGS below."
10926 #. type: Plain text
10927 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1888
10928 msgid "As of Linux 2.6.38, the following is believed to work correctly:"
10931 #. type: Plain text
10932 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1896
10934 "exit/death by signal is reported first to the tracer, then, when the tracer "
10935 "consumes the B<waitpid>(2) result, to the real parent (to the real parent "
10936 "only when the whole multithreaded process exits). If the tracer and the "
10937 "real parent are the same process, the report is sent only once."
10940 #. type: Plain text
10941 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1901
10943 "On success, the B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data (but see "
10944 "NOTES), while other requests return zero."
10947 #. type: Plain text
10948 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1911
10951 #| "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while "
10952 #| "other requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and "
10953 #| "I<errno> is set appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful "
10954 #| "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the caller must check I<errno> after "
10955 #| "such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred."
10957 "On error, all requests return -1, and I<errno> is set appropriately. Since "
10958 "the value returned by a successful B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the "
10959 "caller must clear I<errno> before the call, and then check it afterward to "
10960 "determine whether or not an error occurred."
10962 "成功すると、 B<PTRACE_PEEK*> の場合は要求したデータを返し、 それ以外の場合は "
10963 "0 を返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。 "
10964 "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> が成功して返す値も -1 になることがあるため、 そのような要求"
10965 "の場合には、呼び出し元は I<errno> を調べ、エラーか発生したのかどうかを判断し"
10968 #. type: Plain text
10969 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1915
10971 "(i386 only) There was an error with allocating or freeing a debug register."
10972 msgstr "(i386 のみ) デバッグレジスタの確保または解放でエラーが発生した。"
10974 #. type: Plain text
10975 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1926
10978 #| "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
10979 #| "parent's or child's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
10980 #| "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this "
10981 #| "fault will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
10983 "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
10984 "tracer's or the tracee's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
10985 "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this fault "
10986 "will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
10988 "親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの不正な領域に読み書きしようとした。 おそら"
10989 "くその領域がマッピングされていないか、 その領域へのアクセスが許されていないか"
10990 "である。 不運なことに、Linux ではこのようなエラーの場合、多かれ少なかれ 恣意"
10991 "的に B<EIO> を返したり B<EFAULT> を返したりすることがある。"
10993 #. type: Plain text
10994 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1929
10995 msgid "An attempt was made to set an invalid option."
10996 msgstr "不正なオプションを設定しようとした。"
10998 #. type: Plain text
10999 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1936
11002 #| "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
11003 #| "invalid area in the parent's or child's memory, or there was a word-"
11004 #| "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
11007 "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
11008 "invalid area in the tracer's or the tracee's memory, or there was a word-"
11009 "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
11012 "I<request> が不正である。 または、親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの 不正な"
11013 "領域に読み書きしようとした。 または、ワード境界違反があった。 または、実行再"
11014 "開の要求で不正なシグナルを指定した。"
11016 #. type: Plain text
11017 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1949
11020 #| "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the parent "
11021 #| "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is "
11022 #| "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that "
11023 #| "they cannot send signals to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID "
11024 #| "programs, for obvious reasons. Alternatively, the process may already be "
11025 #| "being traced, or be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
11027 "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the tracer "
11028 "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); "
11029 "unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that they cannot send signals "
11030 "to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID programs, for obvious reasons. "
11031 "Alternatively, the process may already be being traced, or (on kernels "
11032 "before 2.6.26) be B<init>(1) (PID 1)."
11034 "指定したプロセスをトレースすることができない。これは親プロセスが 必要な権限 "
11035 "(必要なケーパビリティは B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>) を持っていないことが原因の場合が"
11036 "ある。 分かりやすい理由を挙げるなら、 非特権プロセスはシグナルを送ることがで"
11037 "きないプロセスをトレースできないし、 set-user-ID/set-group-ID プログラムを実"
11038 "行しているプロセスはトレースできない。 または、プロセスはすでにトレース中であ"
11039 "る、 または B<init>(8) プロセス (PID が 1) である。"
11041 #. type: Plain text
11042 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1954
11045 #| "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
11046 #| "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require that)."
11048 "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
11049 "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require a stopped tracee)."
11051 "指定したプロセスが存在しない。 または、指定したプロセスは呼び出したプロセス"
11052 "が 現在トレース中の子プロセスではない。 または、指定したプロセスが停止してい"
11053 "ない (停止していることが必要な要求の場合)。"
11055 #. type: Plain text
11056 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1956
11057 msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
11058 msgstr "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
11060 #. type: Plain text
11061 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1971
11064 #| "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
11065 #| "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
11066 #| "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. This means that "
11067 #| "unneeded trailing arguments may be omitted, though doing so makes use of "
11068 #| "undocumented B<gcc>(1) behavior."
11070 "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
11071 "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
11072 "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. It is recommended to "
11073 "always supply four arguments, even if the requested operation does not use "
11074 "them, setting unused/ignored arguments to I<0L> or I<(void\\ *)\\ 0>."
11076 "B<ptrace>() の引き数は上のようなプロトタイプに基づいて解釈されるが、 glibc "
11077 "では、現在のところ B<ptrace>() は I<request> 引き数だけが固定の可変長引き数"
11078 "関数として 宣言されている。 これは必要なければ残りの引き数は省略可能であるこ"
11079 "とを意味するが、 それは B<gcc>(1) の明文化されていない動作を利用していること"
11082 #. See commit 00cd5c37afd5f431ac186dd131705048c0a11fdb
11083 #. type: Plain text
11084 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1976
11086 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.26, B<init>(1), the process with PID 1, may not "
11089 "バージョン 2.6.26 より前の Linux カーネルでは、 B<init>(1) すなわち PID が 1 "
11090 "のプロセスはトレースすることができない。"
11092 #. See http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375
11093 #. type: Plain text
11094 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1983
11096 "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite operating-"
11097 "system- and architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data "
11098 "returned, might not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
11100 "メモリや USER 領域の内容や配置はオペレーティングシステムごと、アーキテクチャ"
11101 "ごとに 非常に依存する。 オフセットが指定された場合、返されるデータは "
11102 "I<struct user> の定義と完全に一致しないこともありえる。"
11104 #. type: Plain text
11105 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1986
11107 "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the operating-system variant (e.g., "
11108 "for 32-bit Linux it is 32 bits)."
11110 "「ワード (word) 」の大きさはオペレーティングシステムによって決まる。 (例え"
11111 "ば、32 ビットの Linux では 32 ビットである、など。)"
11113 #. type: Plain text
11114 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1994
11116 "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in Linux. "
11117 "Its behavior differs significantly on other flavors of UNIX. In any case, "
11118 "use of B<ptrace>() is highly specific to the operating system and "
11121 "このマニュアルは現在の Linux における B<ptrace>() コールの動作について記述し"
11122 "ている。他の UNIX では その動作は著しく異なる。 いかなる場合も B<ptrace>() "
11123 "を使うとオペレーションシステムやアーキテクチャに非常に依存したものになる。"
11126 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1994
11128 msgid "C library/kernel ABI differences"
11129 msgstr "C ライブラリとカーネル ABI の違い"
11131 #. type: Plain text
11132 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2006
11134 "At the system call level, the B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, and "
11135 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER> requests have a different API: they store the result at "
11136 "the address specified by the I<data> parameter, and the return value is the "
11137 "error flag. The glibc wrapper function provides the API given in "
11138 "DESCRIPTION above, with the result being returned via the function return "
11142 #. type: Plain text
11143 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2017
11145 "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
11146 "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications compiled "
11147 "with 2.6 kernel headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be worked "
11148 "around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if "
11151 "カーネル 2.6 のヘッダがインストールされたホストでは、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> は"
11152 "カーネル 2.4 のヘッダとは異なる値で宣言される。 このため、カーネル 2.6 のヘッ"
11153 "ダでコンパイルされたアプリケーションは カーネル 2.4 では正しく動作しない。 こ"
11154 "の問題は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> が定義されていた際は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> "
11155 "を B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS> に定義し直すことで対処できる。"
11157 #. type: Plain text
11158 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2020
11160 "Group-stop notifications are sent to the tracer, but not to real parent. "
11161 "Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
11164 #. Note from Denys Vlasenko:
11165 #. Here "exits" means any kind of death - _exit, exit_group,
11166 #. signal death. Signal death and exit_group cases are trivial,
11167 #. though: since signal death and exit_group kill all other threads
11168 #. too, "until all other threads exit" thing happens rather soon
11169 #. in these cases. Therefore, only _exit presents observably
11170 #. puzzling behavior to ptrace users: thread leader _exit's,
11171 #. but WIFEXITED isn't reported! We are trying to explain here
11173 #. FIXME . need to test/verify this scenario
11174 #. type: Plain text
11175 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2051
11177 "If a thread group leader is traced and exits by calling B<_exit>(2), a "
11178 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop will happen for it (if requested), but the "
11179 "subsequent B<WIFEXITED> notification will not be delivered until all other "
11180 "threads exit. As explained above, if one of other threads calls "
11181 "B<execve>(2), the death of the thread group leader will I<never> be "
11182 "reported. If the execed thread is not traced by this tracer, the tracer "
11183 "will never know that B<execve>(2) happened. One possible workaround is to "
11184 "B<PTRACE_DETACH> the thread group leader instead of restarting it in this "
11185 "case. Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
11188 #. type: Plain text
11189 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2061
11191 "A B<SIGKILL> signal may still cause a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop before "
11192 "actual signal death. This may be changed in the future; B<SIGKILL> is meant "
11193 "to always immediately kill tasks even under ptrace. Last confirmed on "
11197 #. type: Plain text
11198 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2079
11200 "Some system calls return with B<EINTR> if a signal was sent to a tracee, but "
11201 "delivery was suppressed by the tracer. (This is very typical operation: it "
11202 "is usually done by debuggers on every attach, in order to not introduce a "
11203 "bogus B<SIGSTOP>). As of Linux 3.2.9, the following system calls are "
11204 "affected (this list is likely incomplete): B<epoll_wait>(2), and B<read>(2) "
11205 "from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor. The usual symptom of this bug is "
11206 "that when you attach to a quiescent process with the command"
11209 #. type: Plain text
11210 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2081
11212 msgid " strace -p E<lt>process-IDE<gt>\n"
11215 #. type: Plain text
11216 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2084
11217 msgid "then, instead of the usual and expected one-line output such as"
11220 #. type: Plain text
11221 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2087
11223 msgid " restart_syscall(E<lt>... resuming interrupted call ...E<gt>_\n"
11226 #. type: Plain text
11227 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2093
11229 msgid " select(6, [5], NULL, [5], NULL_\n"
11232 #. type: Plain text
11233 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2097
11235 "('_' denotes the cursor position), you observe more than one line. For "
11239 #. type: Plain text
11240 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2101
11243 " clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, {15370, 690928118}) = 0\n"
11244 " epoll_wait(4,_\n"
11247 #. type: Plain text
11248 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2122
11250 "What is not visible here is that the process was blocked in "
11251 "B<epoll_wait>(2) before B<strace>(1) has attached to it. Attaching caused "
11252 "B<epoll_wait>(2) to return to user space with the error B<EINTR>. In this "
11253 "particular case, the program reacted to B<EINTR> by checking the current "
11254 "time, and then executing B<epoll_wait>(2) again. (Programs which do not "
11255 "expect such \"stray\" B<EINTR> errors may behave in an unintended way upon "
11256 "an B<strace>(1) attach.)"
11259 #. type: Plain text
11260 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2137
11262 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), "
11263 "B<gettid>(2), B<seccomp>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), "
11264 "B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
11266 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), "
11267 "B<gettid>(2), B<seccomp>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), "
11268 "B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
11271 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
11277 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
11280 msgstr "2010-06-16"
11282 #. type: Plain text
11283 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30
11284 msgid "quotactl - manipulate disk quotas"
11285 msgstr "quotactl - ディスク quota を操作する"
11287 #. type: Plain text
11288 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:34
11291 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
11292 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
11294 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
11295 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
11297 #. type: Plain text
11298 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:37
11300 msgid "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
11301 msgstr "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
11303 #. type: Plain text
11304 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:49
11307 #| "The quota system defines for each user and/or group a soft limit and a "
11308 #| "hard limit bounding the amount of disk space that can be used on a given "
11309 #| "file system. The hard limit cannot be crossed. The soft limit can be "
11310 #| "crossed, but warnings will ensue. Moreover, the user cannot be above the "
11311 #| "soft limit for more than one week (by default) at a time: after this "
11312 #| "week the soft limit counts as hard limit."
11314 "The quota system can be used to set per-user and per-group limits on the "
11315 "amount of disk space used on a filesystem. For each user and/or group, a "
11316 "soft limit and a hard limit can be set for each filesystem. The hard limit "
11317 "can't be exceeded. The soft limit can be exceeded, but warnings will "
11318 "ensue. Moreover, the user can't exceed the soft limit for more than one "
11319 "week (by default) at a time; after this time, the soft limit counts as a "
11322 "quota システムは、各々のユーザ及び/またはグループに対して、 ソフト・リミット"
11323 "及びハード・リミットを定める。これはあるファイル・システムで 使用する事が出来"
11324 "るディスク容量を制限する。 ハード・リミットは超過することは出来ない。 ソフ"
11325 "ト・リミットは超過する事が出来るが、警告が発せられる。 更に、(デフォルトで"
11326 "は) 一週間以上ソフト・リミットを超過したままに しておく事はできない: 一週間経"
11327 "過した後はハード・リミットを超過したと みなされる。"
11329 #. type: Plain text
11330 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:74
11333 #| "The B<quotactl>() system call manipulates these quota. Its first "
11334 #| "argument is of the form B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> where I<type> is "
11335 #| "either B<USRQUOTA> or B<GRPQUOTA> (for user quota and group quota, "
11336 #| "respectively), and I<subcmd> is described below."
11338 "The B<quotactl>() call manipulates disk quotas. The I<cmd> argument "
11339 "indicates a command to be applied to the user or group ID specified in "
11340 "I<id>. To initialize the I<cmd> argument, use the I<QCMD(subcmd, type)> "
11341 "macro. The I<type> value is either B<USRQUOTA>, for user quotas, or "
11342 "B<GRPQUOTA>, for group quotas. The I<subcmd> value is described below."
11344 "B<quotactl>() システムコールはこれらの quota に対する操作を行なう。 最初の引"
11345 "き数は B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> という形式である。 I<type> には、ユー"
11346 "ザー quota については B<USRQUOTA> を、グループ quota については B<GRPQUOTA> "
11347 "を指定する。 I<subcmd> は以下で説明する。"
11349 #. type: Plain text
11350 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:79
11352 "The I<special> argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing "
11353 "the pathname of the (mounted) block special device for the filesystem being "
11357 #. type: Plain text
11358 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:87
11360 "The I<addr> argument is the address of an optional, command-specific, data "
11361 "structure that is copied in or out of the system. The interpretation of "
11362 "I<addr> is given with each command below."
11365 #. type: Plain text
11366 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
11367 msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
11368 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
11371 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
11373 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
11374 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
11376 #. type: Plain text
11377 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:98
11379 "Turn on quotas for a filesystem. The I<id> argument is the identification "
11380 "number of the quota format to be used. Currently, there are three supported "
11385 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:99
11387 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_OLD>"
11390 #. type: Plain text
11391 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
11392 msgid "The original quota format."
11396 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
11398 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V0>"
11401 #. type: Plain text
11402 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
11404 "The standard VFS v0 quota format, which can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and "
11405 "quota limits up to 2^42 bytes and 2^32 inodes."
11409 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
11411 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V1>"
11414 #. type: Plain text
11415 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:110
11417 "A quota format that can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and quota limits of 2^64 "
11418 "bytes and 2^64 inodes."
11421 #. type: Plain text
11422 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
11424 "The I<addr> argument points to the pathname of a file containing the quotas "
11425 "for the filesystem. The quota file must exist; it is normally created with "
11426 "the B<quotacheck>(8) program. This operation requires privilege "
11427 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11431 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
11433 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
11434 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
11436 #. type: Plain text
11437 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
11439 "Turn off quotas for a filesystem. The I<addr> and I<id> arguments are "
11440 "ignored. This operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11444 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
11446 msgid "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
11447 msgstr "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
11449 #. type: Plain text
11450 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:142
11453 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
11454 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
11456 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user or group I<id>. The "
11457 "I<addr> argument is a pointer to a I<dqblk> structure defined in I<E<lt>sys/"
11458 "quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
11460 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
11461 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
11463 #. type: Plain text
11464 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:147 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:234
11467 "/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64-bit integer;\n"
11468 " uint32_t is an unsigned 32-bit integer */\n"
11471 #. type: Plain text
11472 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:167
11475 "struct dqblk { /* Definition since Linux 2.4.22 */\n"
11476 " uint64_t dqb_bhardlimit; /* absolute limit on disk\n"
11477 " quota blocks alloc */\n"
11478 " uint64_t dqb_bsoftlimit; /* preferred limit on\n"
11479 " disk quota blocks */\n"
11480 " uint64_t dqb_curspace; /* current quota block\n"
11482 " uint64_t dqb_ihardlimit; /* maximum number of\n"
11483 " allocated inodes */\n"
11484 " uint64_t dqb_isoftlimit; /* preferred inode limit */\n"
11485 " uint64_t dqb_curinodes; /* current number of\n"
11486 " allocated inodes */\n"
11487 " uint64_t dqb_btime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
11489 " uint64_t dqb_itime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
11491 " uint32_t dqb_valid; /* bit mask of QIF_*\n"
11496 #. type: Plain text
11497 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:170
11500 "/* Flags in dqb_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
11501 " dqblk structure are valid. */\n"
11504 #. type: Plain text
11505 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:181
11508 "#define QIF_BLIMITS 1\n"
11509 "#define QIF_SPACE 2\n"
11510 "#define QIF_ILIMITS 4\n"
11511 "#define QIF_INODES 8\n"
11512 "#define QIF_BTIME 16\n"
11513 "#define QIF_ITIME 32\n"
11514 "#define QIF_LIMITS (QIF_BLIMITS | QIF_ILIMITS)\n"
11515 "#define QIF_USAGE (QIF_SPACE | QIF_INODES)\n"
11516 "#define QIF_TIMES (QIF_BTIME | QIF_ITIME)\n"
11517 "#define QIF_ALL (QIF_LIMITS | QIF_USAGE | QIF_TIMES)\n"
11520 #. type: Plain text
11521 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
11523 "The I<dqb_valid> field is a bit mask that is set to indicate the entries in "
11524 "the I<dqblk> structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all "
11525 "entries of the I<dqblk> structure and marks them as valid in the "
11526 "I<dqb_valid> field. Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own quotas; "
11527 "a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can retrieve the quotas of any user."
11531 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
11533 msgid "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
11534 msgstr "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
11536 #. type: Plain text
11537 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
11539 "Set quota information for user or group I<id>, using the information "
11540 "supplied in the I<dqblk> structure pointed to by I<addr>. The I<dqb_valid> "
11541 "field of the I<dqblk> structure indicates which entries in the structure "
11542 "have been set by the caller. This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETQLIM> and "
11543 "B<Q_SETUSE> operations in the previous quota interfaces. This operation "
11544 "requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11548 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
11550 msgid "B<Q_GETINFO>"
11551 msgstr "B<Q_GETINFO>"
11553 #. type: Plain text
11554 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:229
11557 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
11558 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
11560 "Get information (like grace times) about quotafile. The I<addr> argument "
11561 "should be a pointer to a I<dqinfo> structure. This structure is defined in "
11562 "I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
11564 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
11565 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
11567 #. type: Plain text
11568 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:238
11571 "struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
11572 " uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
11573 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11575 "struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
11576 " uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
11577 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11579 #. type: Plain text
11580 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:245
11583 " uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
11584 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11585 " uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
11587 " uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
11590 " uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
11591 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11592 " uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
11594 " uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
11597 #. type: Plain text
11598 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:247
11600 msgid "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
11601 msgstr "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
11603 #. type: Plain text
11604 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:249
11606 msgid "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
11607 msgstr "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
11609 #. type: Plain text
11610 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:251
11612 msgid "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
11613 msgstr "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
11615 #. type: Plain text
11616 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:253
11618 msgid "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
11619 msgstr "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
11621 #. type: Plain text
11622 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:256
11625 "/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
11626 " dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
11628 "/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
11629 " dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
11631 #. type: Plain text
11632 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:261
11635 "# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
11636 "# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
11637 "# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
11638 "# define IIF_ALL (IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
11640 "# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
11641 "# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
11642 "# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
11643 "# define IIF_ALL (IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
11645 #. type: Plain text
11646 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
11648 "The I<dqi_valid> field in the I<dqinfo> structure indicates the entries in "
11649 "the structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of "
11650 "the I<dqinfo> structure and marks them all as valid in the I<dqi_valid> "
11651 "field. The I<id> argument is ignored."
11655 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
11657 msgid "B<Q_SETINFO>"
11658 msgstr "B<Q_SETINFO>"
11660 #. type: Plain text
11661 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
11663 "Set information about quotafile. The I<addr> argument should be a pointer "
11664 "to a I<dqinfo> structure. The I<dqi_valid> field of the I<dqinfo> structure "
11665 "indicates the entries in the structure that have been set by the caller. "
11666 "This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETGRACE> and B<Q_SETFLAGS> operations in "
11667 "the previous quota interfaces. The I<id> argument is ignored. This "
11668 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11672 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
11674 msgid "B<Q_GETFMT>"
11675 msgstr "B<Q_GETFMT>"
11677 #. type: Plain text
11678 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
11680 "Get quota format used on the specified filesystem. The I<addr> argument "
11681 "should be a pointer to a 4-byte buffer where the format number will be "
11686 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
11691 #. type: Plain text
11692 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
11694 "Update the on-disk copy of quota usages for a filesystem. If I<special> is "
11695 "NULL, then all filesystems with active quotas are sync'ed. The I<addr> and "
11696 "I<id> arguments are ignored."
11700 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
11702 msgid "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
11703 msgstr "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
11705 #. Q_GETSTATS was removed in kernel 2.4.22.
11706 #. type: Plain text
11707 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:339
11709 "Get statistics and other generic information about the quota subsystem. The "
11710 "I<addr> argument should be a pointer to a I<dqstats> structure in which data "
11711 "should be stored. This structure is defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>. "
11712 "The I<special> and I<id> arguments are ignored. This operation is obsolete "
11713 "and not supported by recent kernels. Files in I</proc/sys/fs/quota/> carry "
11714 "the information instead."
11717 #. type: Plain text
11718 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
11720 "For XFS filesystems making use of the XFS Quota Manager (XQM), the above "
11721 "commands are bypassed and the following commands are used:"
11725 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
11727 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
11728 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
11730 #. type: Plain text
11731 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
11733 "Turn on quotas for an XFS filesystem. XFS provides the ability to turn on/"
11734 "off quota limit enforcement with quota accounting. Therefore, XFS expects "
11735 "I<addr> to be a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that contains either the flags "
11736 "B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ENFD> (for user quota), or "
11737 "B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ENFD> (for group quota), as "
11738 "defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>. This operation requires privilege "
11739 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11743 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
11745 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
11746 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
11748 #. type: Plain text
11749 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
11751 "Turn off quotas for an XFS filesystem. As with B<Q_QUOTAON>, XFS "
11752 "filesystems expect a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that specifies whether "
11753 "quota accounting and/or limit enforcement need to be turned off. This "
11754 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11758 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
11760 msgid "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
11761 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
11763 #. type: Plain text
11764 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
11766 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user I<id>. The I<addr> "
11767 "argument is a pointer to an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in "
11768 "I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own "
11769 "quotas; a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) may retrieve the quotas of any "
11774 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
11776 msgid "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
11777 msgstr "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
11779 #. type: Plain text
11780 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
11782 "Set disk quota limits for user I<id>. The I<addr> argument is a pointer to "
11783 "an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). This "
11784 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11788 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
11790 msgid "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
11791 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
11793 #. type: Plain text
11794 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
11796 "Returns an I<fs_quota_stat> structure containing XFS filesystem-specific "
11797 "quota information. This is useful for finding out how much space is used to "
11798 "store quota information, and also to get quotaon/off status of a given local "
11803 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
11805 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
11806 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
11808 #. type: Plain text
11809 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:412
11811 "Free the disk space taken by disk quotas. Quotas must have already been "
11815 #. type: Plain text
11816 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
11818 "There is no command equivalent to B<Q_SYNC> for XFS since B<sync>(1) writes "
11819 "quota information to disk (in addition to the other filesystem metadata that "
11823 #. type: Plain text
11824 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
11826 "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0; on error -1 is returned, and I<errno> "
11827 "is set to indicate the error."
11829 "成功すると、 B<quotactl>() は 0 を返す。\n"
11830 "エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
11832 #. type: Plain text
11833 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434
11834 msgid "I<addr> or I<special> is invalid."
11837 #. type: Plain text
11838 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
11839 msgid "I<cmd> or I<type> is invalid."
11842 #. type: Plain text
11843 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
11844 msgid "The file specified by I<special> or I<addr> does not exist."
11847 #. type: Plain text
11848 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
11849 msgid "The kernel has not been compiled with the B<CONFIG_QUOTA> option."
11853 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
11856 msgstr "B<ENOTBLK>"
11858 #. type: Plain text
11859 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
11860 msgid "I<special> is not a block device."
11861 msgstr "I<special> がブロックデバイスではない。"
11863 #. type: Plain text
11864 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
11866 "The caller lacked the required privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) for the "
11867 "specified operation."
11870 #. type: Plain text
11871 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:465
11873 "No disk quota is found for the indicated user. Quotas have not been turned "
11874 "on for this filesystem."
11877 #. type: Plain text
11878 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
11879 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
11882 #. type: Plain text
11883 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:477
11884 msgid "Specified limits are out of range allowed by quota format."
11887 #. type: Plain text
11888 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
11889 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_QUOTAON>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
11892 #. type: Plain text
11893 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
11895 "The quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not a regular file; or, "
11896 "the quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not on the filesystem "
11897 "pointed to by I<special>."
11900 #. type: Plain text
11901 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
11903 "B<Q_QUOTAON> attempted, but another B<Q_QUOTAON> had already been performed."
11906 #. type: Plain text
11907 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
11908 msgid "The quota file is corrupted."
11909 msgstr "quota ファイルが壊れている。"
11911 #. type: Plain text
11912 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
11913 msgid "Specified quota format was not found."
11916 #. type: Plain text
11917 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512
11918 msgid "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
11919 msgstr "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
11922 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
11928 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
11931 msgstr "2011-09-14"
11933 #. type: Plain text
11934 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
11935 msgid "sendfile - transfer data between file descriptors"
11936 msgstr "sendfile - ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でデータを転送する"
11938 #. type: Plain text
11939 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:24
11940 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
11941 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
11943 #. The below is too ugly. Comments about glibc versions belong
11944 #. in the notes, not in the header.
11945 #. .B #include <features.h>
11947 #. .B #if (__GLIBC__==2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__>=1) || __GLIBC__>2
11949 #. .B #include <sys/sendfile.h>
11953 #. .B #include <sys/types.h>
11955 #. .B /* No system prototype before glibc 2.1. */
11957 #. .BI "ssize_t sendfile(int" " out_fd" ", int" " in_fd" ", off_t *" #. offset ", size_t" " count" )
11960 #. type: Plain text
11961 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
11963 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
11964 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
11966 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
11967 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
11969 #. type: Plain text
11970 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:57
11972 "B<sendfile>() copies data between one file descriptor and another. Because "
11973 "this copying is done within the kernel, B<sendfile>() is more efficient "
11974 "than the combination of B<read>(2) and B<write>(2), which would require "
11975 "transferring data to and from user space."
11977 "B<sendfile>() は、あるファイル・ディスクリプタから別の ファイル・ディスクリ"
11978 "プタへのデータのコピーを行う。 このコピーはカーネル内で行われるので、 "
11979 "B<sendfile>() は、 B<read>(2) と B<write>(2) を組み合わせるよりも効率がよ"
11980 "い。 B<read>(2) や B<write>(2) ではユーザ空間との間でデータの転送が必要とな"
11983 #. type: Plain text
11984 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:62
11986 "I<in_fd> should be a file descriptor opened for reading and I<out_fd> should "
11987 "be a descriptor opened for writing."
11989 "I<in_fd> は読み込みのためにオープンされたファイル・ディスクリプタ、 "
11990 "I<out_fd> は書き込みのためにオープンされたディスクリプタでなければならない。"
11992 #. type: Plain text
11993 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:83
11995 "If I<offset> is not NULL, then it points to a variable holding the file "
11996 "offset from which B<sendfile>() will start reading data from I<in_fd>. "
11997 "When B<sendfile>() returns, this variable will be set to the offset of the "
11998 "byte following the last byte that was read. If I<offset> is not NULL, then "
11999 "B<sendfile>() does not modify the current file offset of I<in_fd>; "
12000 "otherwise the current file offset is adjusted to reflect the number of bytes "
12001 "read from I<in_fd>."
12003 "I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 I<offset> は B<sendfile>() が I<in_fd> のどこ"
12004 "からデータを読み始めるかを示すファイル・オフセットを保持する変数への ポインタ"
12005 "である。 B<sendfile>() は復帰する時、この変数に最後に読み込んだバイトの 次の"
12006 "バイトのオフセットを書き込む。 I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 B<sendfile>() "
12007 "は I<in_fd> のファイル・オフセットの現在値を変更しない。 NULL の場合は、ファ"
12008 "イル・オフセットの現在値を I<in_fd> から読み込んだバイト数を反映した位置に調"
12011 #. type: Plain text
12012 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:90
12014 "If I<offset> is NULL, then data will be read from I<in_fd> starting at the "
12015 "current file offset, and the file offset will be updated by the call."
12017 "I<offset> が NULL の場合、データは I<in_fd> の現在のファイル・オフセットから"
12018 "読み出され、 ファイル・オフセットはこの呼び出しで更新される。"
12020 #. type: Plain text
12021 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:93
12022 msgid "I<count> is the number of bytes to copy between the file descriptors."
12023 msgstr "I<count> は、ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でコピーするバイト数である。"
12025 #. type: Plain text
12026 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:100
12028 "The I<in_fd> argument must correspond to a file which supports B<mmap>(2)-"
12029 "like operations (i.e., it cannot be a socket)."
12031 "I<in_fd> 引き数は B<mmap>(2) 風の操作ができるファイルを指していなければなら"
12033 "い (ソケットを指定することはできない)。"
12035 #. type: Plain text
12036 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108
12038 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.33, I<out_fd> must refer to a socket. Since "
12039 "Linux 2.6.33 it can be any file. If it is a regular file, then "
12040 "B<sendfile>() changes the file offset appropriately."
12042 "2.6.33 より前の Linux カーネルでは I<out_fd> はソケットを参照していなければ"
12044 "らない。Linux 2.6.33 以降では、任意のファイルを参照することができる。\n"
12045 "通常のファイルの場合には B<sendfile>() はファイルオフセットを適切に変更する。"
12047 #. type: Plain text
12048 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115
12050 "If the transfer was successful, the number of bytes written to I<out_fd> is "
12051 "returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
12053 "転送に成功した場合、 I<out_fd> に書き込まれたバイト数を返す。エラーの場"
12054 "合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
12056 #. type: Plain text
12057 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
12059 "Nonblocking I/O has been selected using B<O_NONBLOCK> and the write would "
12062 "B<O_NONBLOCK> を用いて非ブロック I/O が選択されたが、書き込みがブロックされ"
12065 #. type: Plain text
12066 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
12068 "The input file was not opened for reading or the output file was not opened "
12071 "入力ファイルが読み込みのためにオープンされていないか、 出力ファイルが書き込み"
12074 #. type: Plain text
12075 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128
12076 msgid "Bad address."
12077 msgstr "アドレスがおかしい。"
12079 #. type: Plain text
12080 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
12082 "Descriptor is not valid or locked, or an B<mmap>(2)-like operation is not "
12083 "available for I<in_fd>."
12085 "ディスクリプタが有効でないか、ロックされている。もしくは B<mmap>(2) 風の操作"
12086 "が I<in_fd> では利用できない。"
12088 #. type: Plain text
12089 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
12090 msgid "Unspecified error while reading from I<in_fd>."
12091 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込んでいるうちに予期しないエラーが起こった。"
12093 #. type: Plain text
12094 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142
12095 msgid "Insufficient memory to read from I<in_fd>."
12096 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込むための十分なメモリがない。"
12098 #. type: Plain text
12099 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
12101 "B<sendfile>() is a new feature in Linux 2.2. The include file I<E<lt>sys/"
12102 "sendfile.hE<gt>> is present since glibc 2.1."
12104 "B<sendfile> は Linux 2.2 の新しい機能である。 インクルードファイル "
12105 "I<E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>> は glibc 2.1 から存在している。"
12107 #. type: Plain text
12108 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:150
12109 msgid "Not specified in POSIX.1-2001, or other standards."
12110 msgstr "POSIX.1-2001 や他の標準では規定されていない。"
12112 #. type: Plain text
12113 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155
12115 "Other UNIX systems implement B<sendfile>() with different semantics and "
12116 "prototypes. It should not be used in portable programs."
12118 "他の UNIX システムでは、異なった方式やプロトタイプで B<sendfile>() を実装し"
12119 "ている。移植性を考慮したプログラムでは使用すべきではない。"
12121 #. type: Plain text
12122 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:165
12124 "If you plan to use B<sendfile>() for sending files to a TCP socket, but "
12125 "need to send some header data in front of the file contents, you will find "
12126 "it useful to employ the B<TCP_CORK> option, described in B<tcp>(7), to "
12127 "minimize the number of packets and to tune performance."
12129 "B<sendfile>() を使って TCP ソケットにファイルを送ろうとしていて、 ファイルの"
12130 "内容の前にヘッダ・データを付け加える必要がある場合は、 パケット数を最小にして"
12131 "性能を上げるために B<tcp>(7) に記述されている B<TCP_CORK> オプションを使うと"
12134 #. type: Plain text
12135 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:171
12137 "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, I<out_fd> could also refer to a regular file, and "
12138 "B<sendfile>() changed the current offset of that file."
12140 "Linux 2.4 とそれ以前のバージョンでも、 I<out_fd> は通常のファイルを参照で"
12142 "B<sendfile>() はそのファイルのオフセットの現在値を変更していた。"
12144 #. type: Plain text
12145 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:183
12147 "The original Linux B<sendfile>() system call was not designed to handle "
12148 "large file offsets. Consequently, Linux 2.4 added B<sendfile64>(), with a "
12149 "wider type for the I<offset> argument. The glibc B<sendfile>() wrapper "
12150 "function transparently deals with the kernel differences."
12152 "元々の Linux B<sendfile>() システムコールは大きなファイルオフセットを\n"
12153 "扱えるように設計されていなかった。その結果、Linux 2.4 で、\n"
12154 "ビット幅の大きな I<offset> 引き数を持った B<sendfile64>() が追加された。\n"
12155 "glibc の B<sendfile>() のラッパー関数はカーネルによるこの違いを吸収している。"
12157 #. type: Plain text
12158 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:192
12160 "Applications may wish to fall back to B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) in the case "
12161 "where B<sendfile>() fails with B<EINVAL> or B<ENOSYS>."
12163 "B<sendfile>() が B<EINVAL> や B<ENOSYS> で失敗するような場合は、 アプリケー"
12164 "ションは B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) に戻すことを考えてもよいかもしれない。"
12166 #. type: Plain text
12167 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197
12169 "The Linux-specific B<splice>(2) call supports transferring data between "
12170 "arbitrary files (e.g., a pair of sockets)."
12172 "Linux 固有の B<splice>(2) システムコールは、任意のファイル間 (例えば、\n"
12173 "ソケット同士) でのデータ転送をサポートしている。"
12175 #. type: Plain text
12176 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:202
12177 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
12178 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
12181 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
12183 msgid "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
12184 msgstr "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
12187 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
12190 msgstr "2014-07-08"
12192 #. type: Plain text
12193 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28
12194 msgid "set_tid_address - set pointer to thread ID"
12195 msgstr "set_tid_address - スレッド ID へのポインタを設定する"
12197 #. type: Plain text
12198 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:31
12200 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
12201 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
12203 #. type: Plain text
12204 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:33
12206 msgid "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
12207 msgstr "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
12209 #. type: Plain text
12210 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
12212 "For each thread, the kernel maintains two attributes (addresses) called "
12213 "I<set_child_tid> and I<clear_child_tid>. These two attributes contain the "
12214 "value NULL by default."
12216 "各スレッドについて、カーネルは I<set_child_tid> と I<clear_child_tid> という "
12217 "2 つの属性を保持する。この 2 つの属性はデフォルトでは NULL である。"
12220 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
12222 msgid "I<set_child_tid>"
12223 msgstr "I<set_child_tid>"
12225 #. type: Plain text
12226 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:51
12228 "If a thread is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> "
12229 "flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument of "
12230 "that system call."
12232 "スレッドが B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始さ"
12233 "れた場合、 I<set_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引き数"
12236 #. type: Plain text
12237 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
12239 "When I<set_child_tid> is set, the very first thing the new thread does is to "
12240 "write its thread ID at this address."
12242 "I<set_child_tid> が設定された場合、一番最初に新しいスレッドが行うことは、 こ"
12243 "のアドレスに自身のスレッド ID を書き込むことである。"
12246 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
12248 msgid "I<clear_child_tid>"
12249 msgstr "I<clear_child_tid>"
12251 #. type: Plain text
12252 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:67
12254 "If a thread is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> "
12255 "flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument "
12256 "of that system call."
12258 "スレッドが B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始"
12259 "された場合、 I<clear_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引"
12262 #. type: Plain text
12263 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:74
12265 "The system call B<set_tid_address>() sets the I<clear_child_tid> value for "
12266 "the calling thread to I<tidptr>."
12268 "システムコール B<set_tid_address>() は呼び出し元スレッドの "
12269 "I<clear_child_tid> の値を I<tidptr> に設定する。"
12271 #. type: Plain text
12272 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:82
12274 "When a thread whose I<clear_child_tid> is not NULL terminates, then, if the "
12275 "thread is sharing memory with other threads, then 0 is written at the "
12276 "address specified in I<clear_child_tid> and the kernel performs the "
12277 "following operation:"
12279 "I<clear_child_tid> が NULL でないスレッドが終了すると、そのスレッドが他のス"
12280 "レッドとメモリを共有していれば、 I<clear_child_tid> で指定されたアドレスに 0 "
12281 "が書き込まれ、カーネルは以下の処理を実行する。"
12283 #. type: Plain text
12284 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:84
12286 msgid " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
12287 msgstr " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
12289 #. type: Plain text
12290 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
12292 "The effect of this operation is to wake a single thread that is performing a "
12293 "futex wait on the memory location. Errors from the futex wake operation are "
12296 "この処理の結果、このメモリアドレスに対する futex wait を実行しているスレッド"
12297 "を一つ起こす (wake)。 futex wake 操作でのエラーは無視される。"
12299 #. type: Plain text
12300 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
12301 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always returns the caller's thread ID."
12302 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に呼び出し元のスレッド ID を返す。"
12304 #. type: Plain text
12305 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
12306 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always succeeds."
12307 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に成功する。"
12309 #. type: Plain text
12310 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97
12312 "This call is present since Linux 2.5.48. Details as given here are valid "
12313 "since Linux 2.5.49."
12315 "この呼び出しは Linux 2.5.48 以降で存在する。 ここで書かれた詳細は Linux "
12318 #. type: Plain text
12319 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:103
12320 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2), B<gettid>(2)"
12321 msgstr "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2), B<gettid>(2)"
12324 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26
12330 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26
12333 msgstr "2014-12-31"
12335 #. type: Plain text
12336 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:29
12337 msgid "splice - splice data to/from a pipe"
12338 msgstr "splice - パイプとの間でデータを継ぎ合わせる"
12340 #. type: Plain text
12341 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:33 build/C/man2/tee.2:33
12344 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
12345 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
12347 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
12348 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
12350 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
12351 #. type: Plain text
12352 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:38
12355 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
12356 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12358 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
12359 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12361 #. type: Plain text
12362 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:50
12364 "B<splice>() moves data between two file descriptors without copying between "
12365 "kernel address space and user address space. It transfers up to I<len> "
12366 "bytes of data from the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the file descriptor "
12367 "I<fd_out>, where one of the descriptors must refer to a pipe."
12369 "B<splice>() は、カーネルアドレス空間とユーザアドレス空間との間のコピーを伴わ"
12370 "ずに、 2 つのファイルディスクリプタ間でデータの移動を行う。 ファイルディスク"
12371 "リプタ I<fd_in> からファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_out> へ最大 I<len> バイトを転"
12372 "送する。 2 つのファイルディスクリプタのうち一つは パイプを参照していなければ"
12375 #. type: Plain text
12376 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:55
12377 msgid "The following semantics apply for I<fd_in> and I<off_in>:"
12378 msgstr "I<fd_in> と I<off_in> には以下のルールが適用される。"
12380 #. type: Plain text
12381 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:61
12382 msgid "If I<fd_in> refers to a pipe, then I<off_in> must be NULL."
12384 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照している場合、 I<off_in> は NULL でなければならない。"
12386 #. type: Plain text
12387 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:70
12389 "If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is NULL, then bytes are "
12390 "read from I<fd_in> starting from the current file offset, and the current "
12391 "file offset is adjusted appropriately."
12393 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、かつ I<off_in> が NULL の場合、 バイトは "
12394 "I<fd_in> の現在のファイルオフセットから読み出され、 現在のファイルオフセット"
12397 #. type: Plain text
12398 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:83
12400 "If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is not NULL, then "
12401 "I<off_in> must point to a buffer which specifies the starting offset from "
12402 "which bytes will be read from I<fd_in>; in this case, the current file "
12403 "offset of I<fd_in> is not changed."
12405 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL でない場合、 I<off_in> "
12406 "は I<fd_in> からのデータ読み出しを開始する先頭オフセットを格納したバッファ へ"
12407 "のポインタでなければならない。この場合、 I<fd_in> の現在のファイルオフセット"
12410 #. type: Plain text
12411 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:88
12412 msgid "Analogous statements apply for I<fd_out> and I<off_out>."
12413 msgstr "I<fd_out> と I<off_out> に関しても同様である。"
12415 #. type: Plain text
12416 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:93 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
12418 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together zero "
12419 "or more of the following values:"
12421 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
12424 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:93 build/C/man2/tee.2:62 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
12426 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
12427 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
12429 #. type: Plain text
12430 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:106
12432 "Attempt to move pages instead of copying. This is only a hint to the "
12433 "kernel: pages may still be copied if the kernel cannot move the pages from "
12434 "the pipe, or if the pipe buffers don't refer to full pages. The initial "
12435 "implementation of this flag was buggy: therefore starting in Linux 2.6.21 it "
12436 "is a no-op (but is still permitted in a B<splice>() call); in the future, a "
12437 "correct implementation may be restored."
12439 "ページのコピーでなく移動を試みる。 これはカーネルに対するヒントでしかない。 "
12440 "つまり、カーネルがパイプからページを移動できない場合や、 パイプバッファがペー"
12441 "ジ全部を参照していない場合は、 ページのコピーが行われることもある。 このフラ"
12442 "グの最初の実装にはバグがあった。そのため、 Linux 2.6.21 以降ではこのフラグの"
12443 "操作はできないようになっている (ただし、 B<splice>() コールでこのフラグを指"
12444 "定することは今も認められている)。 将来、正しい実装が行われることだろう。"
12447 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:106 build/C/man2/tee.2:68 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
12449 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
12450 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
12452 #. type: Plain text
12453 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:115
12455 "Do not block on I/O. This makes the splice pipe operations nonblocking, but "
12456 "B<splice>() may nevertheless block because the file descriptors that are "
12457 "spliced to/from may block (unless they have the B<O_NONBLOCK> flag set)."
12459 "入出力時に停止 (block) しない。 このフラグを指定すると、 splice によるパイプ"
12460 "操作を非停止モード (nonblocking) で 行おうとするが、その場合でも "
12461 "B<splice>() は停止することもある。なぜなら、データのやり取りを行う ファイル"
12462 "ディスクリプタは (B<O_NONBLOCK> フラグをセットされていない場合) 停止する可能"
12466 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:115 build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
12468 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
12469 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
12471 #. type: Plain text
12472 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:129
12474 "More data will be coming in a subsequent splice. This is a helpful hint "
12475 "when the I<fd_out> refers to a socket (see also the description of "
12476 "B<MSG_MORE> in B<send>(2), and the description of B<TCP_CORK> in B<tcp>(7))"
12478 "この後の splice でさらに転送されるデータがあることを示す。 このフラグは "
12479 "I<fd_out> がソケットを参照している場合に有用なヒントとなる (B<send>(2) の "
12480 "B<MSG_MORE> や B<tcp>(7) の B<TCP_CORK> の説明も参照)。"
12483 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:129 build/C/man2/tee.2:79 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
12485 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
12486 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
12488 #. type: Plain text
12489 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:135
12490 msgid "Unused for B<splice>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
12491 msgstr "B<splice>() では使用しない。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
12493 #. type: Plain text
12494 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:144
12496 "Upon successful completion, B<splice>() returns the number of bytes spliced "
12497 "to or from the pipe. A return value of 0 means that there was no data to "
12498 "transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because there are no writers "
12499 "connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by I<fd_in>."
12501 "成功して完了すると、 B<splice>() はパイプから出し入れしたバイト数を返す。 返"
12502 "り値 0 はデータの転送が行わなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) "
12503 "しても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続さ"
12506 #. type: Plain text
12507 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:150
12509 "On error, B<splice>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
12511 "エラーの場合、 B<splice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定す"
12514 #. type: Plain text
12515 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:157 build/C/man2/tee.2:107
12516 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:133
12518 "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK> was specified in I<flags>, and the operation would "
12521 "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK> が I<flags> に指定されていて、かつ操作が停止するような状"
12524 #. type: Plain text
12525 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:161
12527 "One or both file descriptors are not valid, or do not have proper read-write "
12530 "ファイルディスクリプタの一方または両方が有効ではない、 もしくは適切な read-"
12533 #. The append-mode error is given since 2.6.27; in earlier kernels,
12534 #. splice() in append mode was broken
12535 #. type: Plain text
12536 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:169
12538 "Target filesystem doesn't support splicing; target file is opened in append "
12539 "mode; neither of the descriptors refers to a pipe; or offset given for "
12540 "nonseekable device."
12542 "対象のファイルシステムが splice に対応していない、 または対象のファイルが追記"
12543 "モードでオープンされている、 またはディスクリプタのどちらもパイプを参照してい"
12544 "ない、 または seek できないデバイスに対してオフセットが指定された。"
12546 #. type: Plain text
12547 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:172 build/C/man2/tee.2:120
12548 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:148
12549 msgid "Out of memory."
12553 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:172
12558 #. type: Plain text
12559 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:179
12561 "Either I<off_in> or I<off_out> was not NULL, but the corresponding file "
12562 "descriptor refers to a pipe."
12564 "I<off_in> か I<off_out> のいずれかが NULL ではないが、対応するファイルディス"
12565 "クリプタが パイプを参照している。"
12567 #. type: Plain text
12568 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:184
12570 "The B<splice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
12571 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
12573 "B<splice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
12574 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
12576 #. type: Plain text
12577 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:196
12579 "The three system calls B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), and B<tee>(2), provide "
12580 "user-space programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer, "
12581 "implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that is used for "
12582 "a pipe. In overview, these system calls perform the following tasks:"
12584 "3 つのシステムコール (B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), B<tee>(2)) を使うと、ユー"
12585 "ザ空間プログラムは任意のカーネルバッファに対する 完全な制御ができる。カーネル"
12586 "バッファは、パイプに使用されているのと 同種のバッファを使ってカーネル内に実装"
12587 "されている。 大まかにいうと、これらのシステムコールは以下の仕事を行う:"
12590 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:196
12592 msgid "B<splice>()"
12593 msgstr "B<splice>()"
12595 #. type: Plain text
12596 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:200
12598 "moves data from the buffer to an arbitrary file descriptor, or vice versa, "
12599 "or from one buffer to another."
12601 "バッファから任意のファイルディスクリプタや、その逆方向、 もしくはあるバッファ"
12602 "から別のバッファへの、データ移動を行う。"
12605 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:200
12610 #. type: Plain text
12611 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:203
12612 msgid "\"copies\" the data from one buffer to another."
12613 msgstr "あるバッファから別のバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
12616 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:203
12618 msgid "B<vmsplice>(2)"
12619 msgstr "B<vmsplice>(2)"
12621 #. type: Plain text
12622 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:206
12623 msgid "\"copies\" data from user space into the buffer."
12624 msgstr "ユーザ空間からバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
12626 #. Linus: Now, imagine using the above in a media server, for example.
12627 #. Let's say that a year or two has passed, so that the video drivers
12628 #. have been updated to be able to do the splice thing, and what can
12629 #. you do? You can:
12630 #. - splice from the (mpeg or whatever - let's just assume that the video
12631 #. input is either digital or does the encoding on its own - like they
12632 #. pretty much all do) video input into a pipe (remember: no copies - the
12633 #. video input will just DMA directly into memory, and splice will just
12634 #. set up the pages in the pipe buffer)
12635 #. - tee that pipe to split it up
12636 #. - splice one end to a file (ie "save the compressed stream to disk")
12637 #. - splice the other end to a real-time video decoder window for your
12638 #. real-time viewing pleasure.
12639 #. Linus: Now, the advantage of splice()/tee() is that you can
12640 #. do zero-copy movement of data, and unlike sendfile() you can
12641 #. do it on _arbitrary_ data (and, as shown by "tee()", it's more
12642 #. than just sending the data to somebody else: you can duplicate
12643 #. the data and choose to forward it to two or more different
12644 #. users - for things like logging etc.).
12645 #. type: Plain text
12646 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:237
12648 "Though we talk of copying, actual copies are generally avoided. The kernel "
12649 "does this by implementing a pipe buffer as a set of reference-counted "
12650 "pointers to pages of kernel memory. The kernel creates \"copies\" of pages "
12651 "in a buffer by creating new pointers (for the output buffer) referring to "
12652 "the pages, and increasing the reference counts for the pages: only pointers "
12653 "are copied, not the pages of the buffer."
12655 "ここではコピーの話をしているが、実際のコピーは一般的に回避される。 カーネル"
12656 "は、パイプ・バッファをカーネルメモリのページへのポインタ集合として 実装し、"
12657 "ページへの参照回数を管理することで、これを実現している。 カーネルは、対象とな"
12658 "るページを参照する (出力バッファ用の) ポインタを 新規に作成することでバッファ"
12659 "内のページの「コピー」を作成し、 そのページの参照回数を増やす。つまり、ポイン"
12660 "タだけがコピーされ、 バッファのページはコピーされない。"
12662 #. type: Plain text
12663 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:240
12664 msgid "See B<tee>(2)."
12665 msgstr "B<tee>(2) 参照。"
12667 #. type: Plain text
12668 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:244
12669 msgid "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12670 msgstr "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12673 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26
12678 #. type: Plain text
12679 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29
12680 msgid "tee - duplicating pipe content"
12681 msgstr "tee - パイプの中身を複製する"
12683 #. type: Plain text
12684 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:36
12686 msgid "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12687 msgstr "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12689 #. Example programs http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps
12690 #. add a "tee(in, out1, out2)" system call that duplicates the pages
12691 #. (again, incrementing their reference count, not copying the data) from
12692 #. one pipe to two other pipes.
12693 #. type: Plain text
12694 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:56
12696 "B<tee>() duplicates up to I<len> bytes of data from the pipe referred to by "
12697 "the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the pipe referred to by the file descriptor "
12698 "I<fd_out>. It does not consume the data that is duplicated from I<fd_in>; "
12699 "therefore, that data can be copied by a subsequent B<splice>(2)."
12701 "B<tee>() は、ファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_in> が参照するパイプからファイル"
12702 "ディスクリプタ I<fd_out> が参照するパイプへ最大 I<len> バイトのデータを複製す"
12703 "る。 この操作では、複製されるデータは I<fd_in> からは消費されない。したがっ"
12704 "て、これらのデータをこの後の B<splice>(2) でコピーすることができる。"
12706 #. type: Plain text
12707 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:62
12709 "I<flags> is a series of modifier flags, which share the name space with "
12710 "B<splice>(2) and B<vmsplice>(2):"
12712 "I<flags> は一連の修飾フラグであり、 B<splice>(2) や B<vmsplice>(2) と共通の"
12715 #. type: Plain text
12716 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:68
12717 msgid "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(); see B<splice>(2)."
12718 msgstr "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もない。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12720 #. Not used for vmsplice
12721 #. May be in the future -- therefore EAGAIN
12722 #. type: Plain text
12723 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
12724 msgid "Do not block on I/O; see B<splice>(2) for further details."
12725 msgstr "入出力で停止 (block) しない。詳細は B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12727 #. type: Plain text
12728 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:79
12730 "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(), but may be implemented in the future; "
12731 "see B<splice>(2)."
12733 "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性があ"
12734 "る。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12736 #. type: Plain text
12737 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:85
12738 msgid "Unused for B<tee>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
12739 msgstr "B<tee>() では未使用。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
12741 #. type: Plain text
12742 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:94
12744 "Upon successful completion, B<tee>() returns the number of bytes that were "
12745 "duplicated between the input and output. A return value of 0 means that "
12746 "there was no data to transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because "
12747 "there are no writers connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by "
12750 "成功して完了すると、 B<tee>() は入出力間で複製されたバイト数を返す。 返り値 "
12751 "0 はデータの転送が行われなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) し"
12752 "ても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続され"
12755 #. type: Plain text
12756 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:100
12758 "On error, B<tee>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
12760 "エラーの場合、 B<tee>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定する。"
12762 #. type: Plain text
12763 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:117
12765 "I<fd_in> or I<fd_out> does not refer to a pipe; or I<fd_in> and I<fd_out> "
12766 "refer to the same pipe."
12768 "I<fd_in> と I<fd_out> のどちらかがパイプを参照していない。もしくは I<fd_in> "
12769 "と I<fd_out> が同じパイプを参照している。"
12771 #. type: Plain text
12772 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:125
12774 "The B<tee>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
12775 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
12777 "B<tee>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
12778 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
12780 #. type: Plain text
12781 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:136
12783 "Conceptually, B<tee>() copies the data between the two pipes. In reality "
12784 "no real data copying takes place though: under the covers, B<tee>() assigns "
12785 "data in the output by merely grabbing a reference to the input."
12787 "概念としては、 B<tee>() は二つのパイプ間でデータのコピーを行う。 しかし、実"
12788 "際には実データのコピーは行われない。 内部では、 B<tee>() は入力側に対する参"
12789 "照だけを作成することで出力側にデータを 追加する。"
12791 #. type: Plain text
12792 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:143
12794 "The example below implements a basic B<tee>(1) program using the B<tee>() "
12795 "system call. Here is an example of its use:"
12797 "以下の例は、 B<tee>() システムコールを使って、 基本的な B<tee>(1) プログラ"
12798 "ムを実装したものである。 以下は利用例である。"
12800 #. type: Plain text
12801 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:150
12804 "$ B<date |./a.out out.log | cat>\n"
12805 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12806 "$ B<cat out.log>\n"
12807 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12809 "$ B<date |./a.out out.log | cat>\n"
12810 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12811 "$ B<cat out.log>\n"
12812 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12815 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:152
12817 msgid "Program source"
12820 #. type: Plain text
12821 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:162
12824 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
12825 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
12826 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
12827 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
12828 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
12829 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
12830 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
12832 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
12833 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
12834 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
12835 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
12836 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
12837 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
12838 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
12840 #. type: Plain text
12841 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:168
12845 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
12848 " int len, slen;\n"
12851 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
12854 " int len, slen;\n"
12856 #. type: Plain text
12857 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:173
12860 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
12861 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
12862 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12865 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
12866 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
12867 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12870 #. type: Plain text
12871 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:179
12874 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
12875 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
12876 " perror(\"open\");\n"
12877 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12880 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
12881 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
12882 " perror(\"open\");\n"
12883 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12886 #. type: Plain text
12887 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:186
12892 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
12894 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
12895 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
12899 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
12901 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
12902 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
12904 #. type: Plain text
12905 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:195
12908 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
12909 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
12911 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
12912 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12917 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
12918 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
12920 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
12921 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12926 #. type: Plain text
12927 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:209
12931 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
12933 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
12934 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
12935 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
12936 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
12937 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
12945 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
12947 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
12948 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
12949 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
12950 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
12951 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
12958 #. type: Plain text
12959 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:213
12963 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
12967 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
12970 #. type: Plain text
12971 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:217
12972 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12973 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12976 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
12982 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
12985 msgstr "2009-02-20"
12987 #. type: Plain text
12988 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:29
12989 msgid "vm86old, vm86 - enter virtual 8086 mode"
12990 msgstr "vm86old, vm86 - 仮想 8086 モードへ移行する"
12992 #. type: Plain text
12993 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:31
12994 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
12995 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
12997 #. type: Plain text
12998 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:33
12999 msgid "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
13000 msgstr "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
13002 #. type: Plain text
13003 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:35
13004 msgid "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
13006 "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
13008 #. type: Plain text
13009 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:48
13011 "The system call B<vm86>() was introduced in Linux 0.97p2. In Linux 2.1.15 "
13012 "and 2.0.28, it was renamed to B<vm86old>(), and a new B<vm86>() was "
13013 "introduced. The definition of I<struct vm86_struct> was changed in 1.1.8 "
13016 "B<vm86>() システムコールは Linux 0.97p2 で導入された。 これは Linux 2.1.15 "
13017 "と 2.0.28 で B<vm86old>() に名前が変更され、 新しい B<vm86>() が導入され"
13018 "た。 I<struct vm86_struct> の定義は 1.1.8 と 1.1.9 で変更された。"
13020 #. type: Plain text
13021 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:52
13023 "These calls cause the process to enter VM86 mode (virtual-8086 in Intel "
13024 "literature), and are used by B<dosemu>."
13026 "これらのコールによってプロセスは VM86 モード (Intel の文書では仮想 8086 モー"
13027 "ド) へと移行する。 これらのコールは B<dosemu> で使用される。"
13029 #. type: Plain text
13030 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:54
13031 msgid "VM86 mode is an emulation of real mode within a protected mode task."
13033 "VM86 モードはプロテクトモードタスクにおける リアルモードのエミュレーションで"
13036 #. type: Plain text
13037 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
13039 "This return value is specific to i386 and indicates a problem with getting "
13042 "この返り値は i386 固有のものであり、 ユーザー空間のデータを取得する際に問題が"
13045 #. type: Plain text
13046 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
13048 "This return value indicates the call is not implemented on the present "
13051 "この返り値は、このコールが現在のアーキテクチャで実装されていないことを示す。"
13053 #. type: Plain text
13054 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:73
13056 "Saved kernel stack exists. (This is a kernel sanity check; the saved stack "
13057 "should exist only within vm86 mode itself.)"
13059 "保存されたカーネルスタックが既に存在している。(これはカーネルが通常の 状態で"
13060 "あるかをチェックしている。保存されたスタックは vm86 モードで しか存在しな"
13063 #. type: Plain text
13064 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:76
13066 "This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors, and should not be "
13067 "used in programs intended to be portable."
13069 "この関数は 32 ビット Intel プロセッサ上の Linux 特有の関数であり、 移植を意図"
13070 "したプログラムでは使用すべきでない。"
13073 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
13079 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
13082 msgstr "2014-10-02"
13084 #. type: Plain text
13085 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
13086 msgid "vmsplice - splice user pages into a pipe"
13087 msgstr "vmsplice - ユーザ・ページをパイプに継ぎ合わせる"
13089 #. type: Plain text
13090 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:34
13093 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
13094 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
13095 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
13097 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
13098 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
13099 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
13101 #. type: Plain text
13102 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:37
13105 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
13106 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
13108 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
13109 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
13111 #. Linus: vmsplice() system call to basically do a "write to
13112 #. the buffer", but using the reference counting and VM traversal
13113 #. to actually fill the buffer. This means that the user needs to
13114 #. be careful not to reuse the user-space buffer it spliced into
13115 #. the kernel-space one (contrast this to "write()", which copies
13116 #. the actual data, and you can thus reuse the buffer immediately
13117 #. after a successful write), but that is often easy to do.
13118 #. type: Plain text
13119 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:57
13121 "The B<vmsplice>() system call maps I<nr_segs> ranges of user memory "
13122 "described by I<iov> into a pipe. The file descriptor I<fd> must refer to a "
13125 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは、 I<iov> で指定されたユーザ・メモリの "
13126 "I<nr_segs> の範囲をパイプにマッピングする。 I<fd> はパイプを参照していなけれ"
13129 #. type: Plain text
13130 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:64
13132 "The pointer I<iov> points to an array of I<iovec> structures as defined in "
13133 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>:"
13135 "ポインタ I<iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列を指す。 I<iovec> 構造体は "
13136 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
13138 #. type: Plain text
13139 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:71
13143 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
13144 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes */\n"
13148 " void *iov_base; /* 開始アドレス */\n"
13149 " size_t iov_len; /* バイト数 */\n"
13152 #. type: Plain text
13153 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
13154 msgid "Unused for B<vmsplice>(); see B<splice>(2)."
13155 msgstr "B<vmsplice>() では未使用。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
13157 #. type: Plain text
13158 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
13160 "Currently has no effect for B<vmsplice>(), but may be implemented in the "
13161 "future; see B<splice>(2)."
13163 "現在のところ B<vmsplice>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性"
13164 "がある。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
13166 #. FIXME . Explain the following line in a little more detail:
13168 #. It looks like the page-alignment requirement went away with
13169 #. commit bd1a68b59c8e3bce45fb76632c64e1e063c3962d
13170 #. .... if we expect to later SPLICE_F_MOVE to the cache.
13171 #. type: Plain text
13172 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:117
13174 "The user pages are a gift to the kernel. The application may not modify "
13175 "this memory ever, or page cache and on-disk data may differ. Gifting pages "
13176 "to the kernel means that a subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> can "
13177 "successfully move the pages; if this flag is not specified, then a "
13178 "subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> must copy the pages. Data must "
13179 "also be properly page aligned, both in memory and length."
13181 "ユーザ・ページがカーネルへ渡すもの (gift) であることを示す。 アプリケーション"
13182 "はこのメモリを絶対に変更してはならない。 さもなければ、ページキャッシュとディ"
13183 "スク上のデータは 一致しなくなるだろう。 ページをカーネルに渡すと、この次の "
13184 "B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でそのページの移動を行うことができる。 このフ"
13185 "ラグが指定されなかった場合、この次の B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でその"
13186 "ページのコピーを行わなければならない。 データはメモリ上でページ境界にあってい"
13187 "なければならず、 長さもページ境界の倍数でなければならない。"
13189 #. type: Plain text
13190 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:126
13192 "Upon successful completion, B<vmsplice>() returns the number of bytes "
13193 "transferred to the pipe. On error, B<vmsplice>() returns -1 and I<errno> "
13194 "is set to indicate the error."
13196 "成功して完了すると、 B<vmsplice>() はパイプに転送したバイト数を返す。 エラー"
13197 "の場合、 B<vmplice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
13199 #. type: Plain text
13200 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:137
13201 msgid "I<fd> either not valid, or doesn't refer to a pipe."
13202 msgstr "I<fd> が有効でない、もしくはパイプを参照していない。"
13204 #. type: Plain text
13205 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
13207 "I<nr_segs> is greater than B<IOV_MAX>; or memory not aligned if "
13208 "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> set."
13210 "I<nr_segs> が B<IOV_MAX> よりも大きい。または B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> が設定されたが"
13211 "メモリがページ境界にあっていない。"
13213 #. type: Plain text
13214 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:153
13216 "The B<vmsplice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library "
13217 "support was added to glibc in version 2.5."
13219 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
13220 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
13222 #. type: Plain text
13223 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
13225 "B<vmsplice>() follows the other vectorized read/write type functions when "
13226 "it comes to limitations on number of segments being passed in. This limit "
13227 "is B<IOV_MAX> as defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>>. At the time of this "
13228 "writing, that limit is 1024."
13230 "指定されたセグメント数が上限に達した場合、 B<vmsplice>() は他のベクトル形式"
13231 "の read/write を行う関数と同じ動作をする。 上限は B<IOV_MAX> であり、 "
13232 "I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> で定義されている。 このドキュメントを書いた時点での値"
13235 #. type: Plain text
13236 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:167
13237 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
13238 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
13240 #~ msgid "2014-05-10"
13241 #~ msgstr "2014-05-10"
13243 #~ msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA>"
13244 #~ msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA>"
13247 #~ "These system calls were added in Linux 2.6.17. No library support is "
13248 #~ "provided; use B<syscall>(2)."
13250 #~ "これらのシステムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
13251 #~ "サポートは提供されていない。 B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
13253 #~ msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT>"
13254 #~ msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT>"
13256 #~ msgid "2014-04-17"
13257 #~ msgstr "2014-04-17"
13259 #~ msgid "2014-05-05"
13260 #~ msgstr "2014-05-05"
13262 #~ msgid "2014-02-20"
13263 #~ msgstr "2014-02-20"
13265 #~ msgid "2012-07-19"
13266 #~ msgstr "2012-07-19"
13268 #~ msgid "2012-05-04"
13269 #~ msgstr "2012-05-04"
13271 #~ msgid "2013-12-12"
13272 #~ msgstr "2013-12-12"
13274 #~ msgid "2012-04-25"
13275 #~ msgstr "2012-04-25"
13278 #~ "This function will return the current B<personality>() when I<persona> "
13279 #~ "equals 0xffffffff. Otherwise, it will make the execution domain "
13280 #~ "referenced by I<persona> the new execution domain of the calling process."
13282 #~ "B<personality ()> 関数は、 I<persona> が 0xffffffff の場合は現在の B<パー"
13283 #~ "ソナリティ> を返す。 それ以外の場合、 I<persona> により参照される実行ドメ"
13284 #~ "インを、 呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい実行ドメインとする。"
13287 #~ "Depending on which operation was executed, the returned value for a "
13288 #~ "successful call can have differing meanings."
13289 #~ msgstr "どの操作が実行されたかによって、 成功時の返り値の意味が変わる。"
13292 #~ "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. In case of "
13293 #~ "timeout, the operation fails with the error B<ETIMEDOUT>. If the futex "
13294 #~ "was not equal to the expected value, the operation fails with the error "
13295 #~ "B<EWOULDBLOCK>. Signals (see B<signal>(7)) or other spurious wakeups "
13296 #~ "cause B<FUTEX_WAIT> to fail with the error B<EINTR>."
13298 #~ "プロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> の呼び出しで wake すると 0 を返す。 タイムアウト"
13299 #~ "の場合、操作はエラー B<ETIMEOUT> で失敗する。 futex が指定された値と等しく"
13300 #~ "ない場合、 エラー B<EWOULDBLOCK> で失敗する。 シグナルを受信するか "
13301 #~ "(B<signal>(7) 参照) 他の偽の wake があった場合には、エラー B<EINTR> で失"
13304 #~ msgid "An operation was not defined or error in page alignment."
13306 #~ "操作が定義されていない。またはページ・アラインメントでエラーが発生した。"
13309 #~ "Stop the child at the next B<execve>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
13310 #~ "PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
13312 #~ "次の B<execve>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>"
13313 #~ "\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
13316 #~ "Stop the child at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2) call with "
13317 #~ "I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
13319 #~ "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ "
13320 #~ "E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
13323 #~ "Attaches to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a traced \"child\" "
13324 #~ "of the calling process; the behavior of the child is as if it had done a "
13325 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. The calling process actually becomes the parent of "
13326 #~ "the child process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive notification "
13327 #~ "of child events and appears in B<ps>(1) output as the child's parent), "
13328 #~ "but a B<getppid>(2) by the child will still return the PID of the "
13329 #~ "original parent. The child is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not "
13330 #~ "necessarily have stopped by the completion of this call; use B<wait>(2) "
13331 #~ "to wait for the child to stop. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
13333 #~ "I<pid> で指定されたプロセスに接続 (attach) し、それを呼び出し元のプロセス"
13334 #~ "の 子プロセスとしてトレースできるようにする。子プロセスは "
13335 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> したかのように振舞う。呼び出し元のプロセスはそのほとんど"
13336 #~ "の目的において、 その子プロセスの実際の親になる (例えば、子プロセスのイベ"
13337 #~ "ントの 通知を受けとったり、 B<ps>(1) で親として表示されたりする)。しか"
13338 #~ "し、子プロセスで B<getppid>(2) を実行した場合には元の親プロセスの PID が"
13339 #~ "返される。 子プロセスには B<SIGSTOP> が送られるが、この呼び出しが完了する"
13340 #~ "までに 必ずしも停止するとは限らない。子プロセスの停止を待つには "
13341 #~ "B<wait>(2) を使用すること。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
13344 #~ "Tracing causes a few subtle differences in the semantics of traced "
13345 #~ "processes. For example, if a process is attached to with "
13346 #~ "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, its original parent can no longer receive notification "
13347 #~ "via B<wait>(2) when it stops, and there is no way for the new parent to "
13348 #~ "effectively simulate this notification."
13350 #~ "トレースすることによってトレースされるプロセスの動作に些細な違いが 起こる"
13351 #~ "ことがある。例えば、プロセスが B<PTRACE_ATTACH> によって接続された場合に"
13352 #~ "は、そのプロセスが停止した時でも本来の親は B<wait>(2) を使って通知を受け"
13353 #~ "ることができず、新しい親が効率よく この通知を真似る方法もない。"
13356 #~ "When the parent receives an event with B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> set, the child "
13357 #~ "is not in the normal signal delivery path. This means the parent cannot "
13358 #~ "do B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) with a signal or B<ptrace>(PTRACE_KILL). "
13359 #~ "B<kill>(2) with a B<SIGKILL> signal can be used instead to kill the "
13360 #~ "child process after receiving one of these messages."
13362 #~ "親プロセスが B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> がセットされたイベントを受信した場合、 子プ"
13363 #~ "ロセスは通常通りのシグナル配送が行われる状態にない。 つまり、親プロセス"
13364 #~ "が、 シグナルにより B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) を行ったり、 "
13365 #~ "B<ptrace>(PTRACE_KILL) を行ったりできないということである。 こららのメッ"
13366 #~ "セージの受信後は、子プロセスを終了 (kill) するのに、 シグナル B<SIGKILL> "
13367 #~ "を指定して B<kill>(2) を行う方法を代わりに使用できる。"
13370 #~ "The SunOS man page describes B<ptrace>() as \"unique and arcane\", which "
13371 #~ "it is. The proc-based debugging interface present in Solaris 2 "
13372 #~ "implements a superset of B<ptrace>() functionality in a more powerful "
13373 #~ "and uniform way."
13375 #~ "SunOS のマニュアル・ページには B<ptrace>() は「独特で不可解」と記述されて"
13376 #~ "おり、まさしくそうである。 Solaris 2 では proc ベースの デバッグのインター"
13377 #~ "フェースとして B<ptrace>() の上位互換関数が実装され、より強力で一貫性のあ"
13381 #~ "The second argument I<special> is the block special device these quota "
13382 #~ "apply to. It must be mounted."
13384 #~ "二番目の引き数 I<special> は quota を適用するデバイスのブロック・スペシャ"
13385 #~ "ル・ファイルである。 そのデバイスはマウントされていなくてはならない。"
13388 #~ "The third argument I<id> is the user or group ID these quota apply to "
13389 #~ "(when relevant)."
13391 #~ "三番目の引き数 I<id> には、(必要な場合に) quota を適用するユーザーもしくは"
13392 #~ "グループの ID を指定する。"
13395 #~ "The fourth argument I<addr> is the address of a data structure, depending "
13396 #~ "on the command."
13398 #~ "四番目の引き数 I<addr> には、コマンドごとに異ったデータ構造体のアドレスを"
13402 #~ "Enable quota. The I<addr> argument is the pathname of the file "
13403 #~ "containing the quota for the file system."
13405 #~ "quota を有効にする。 I<addr> 引き数には、そのファイル・システムの quota が"
13406 #~ "記録されているファイルの パス名を指定する。"
13408 #~ msgid "Disable quota."
13409 #~ msgstr "quota を無効にする。"
13411 #~ msgid "Set limits and current usage; I<addr> is as before."
13412 #~ msgstr "制限値と現在の使用量を設定する: I<addr> は同上。"
13414 #~ msgid "Set limits; I<addr> is as before."
13415 #~ msgstr "制限値を設定する; I<addr> は同上。"
13417 #~ msgid "Set usage."
13418 #~ msgstr "使用量を設定する。"
13420 #~ msgid "Sync disk copy of a file system's quota."
13421 #~ msgstr "ファイル・システムの quota ファイルをディスクと同期させる。"
13423 #~ msgid "Get collected stats."
13424 #~ msgstr "収集された統計を取得する。"
13427 #~ "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned, and "
13428 #~ "I<errno> is set appropriately."
13430 #~ "B<quotactl>() は、成功時には 0 を返す。エラー時は、-1 を返すとともに、 "
13431 #~ "I<errno> が適切な値に設定される。"
13433 #~ msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON> was asked, but quotas were enabled already."
13434 #~ msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON> の要求がなされたが、quota(s) は既に有効になっている。"
13436 #~ msgid "Bad I<addr> value."
13437 #~ msgstr "I<addr> の値に誤りがある。"
13440 #~ "I<type> is not a known quota type. Or, I<special> could not be found."
13442 #~ "I<type> が既知の quota の形式ではない。もしくは、 I<special> デバイスが見"
13445 #~ msgid "Too many open files: cannot open quota file."
13446 #~ msgstr "ファイルをオープンしすぎている: quota ファイルをオープン出来ない。"
13448 #~ msgid "I<special> cannot be found in the mount table."
13449 #~ msgstr "I<special> がマウント・テーブル内に見当たらない。"
13451 #~ msgid "The kernel was compiled without quota support."
13452 #~ msgstr "quota を使用可にしてカーネルをコンパイルしていない。"
13455 #~ "The process was not root (for the file system), and B<Q_GETQUOTA> was "
13456 #~ "asked for another I<id> than that of the process itself, or anything "
13457 #~ "other than B<Q_GETSTATS> or B<Q_SYNC> was asked."
13459 #~ "プロセスが (そのファイル・システムの) root のものではなく、 かつプロセス自"
13460 #~ "身のものとは異なる I<id> に対して B<Q_GETQUOTA> 要求を行なった。 もしく"
13461 #~ "は、 B<Q_GETSTATS>, B<Q_SYNC> 以外の要求がなされた。"
13464 #~ "B<Q_GETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETUSE> or B<Q_SETQLIM> was asked "
13465 #~ "for a file system that didn't have quota enabled."
13467 #~ "quota が有効になっていないファイル・システムに対して B<Q_GETQUOTA>, "
13468 #~ "B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<Q_SETUSE>, B<Q_SETQLIM> のいずれかの要求がなされた。"