1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
8 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
9 "POT-Creation-Date: 2013-09-28 04:05+0900\n"
10 "PO-Revision-Date: 2013-09-28 04:25+0900\n"
11 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
12 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
15 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
16 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
19 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
25 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
31 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
32 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
33 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
34 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
35 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
36 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
37 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
38 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
39 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
40 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25 build/C/man2/splice.2:26
41 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
47 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
48 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
49 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
50 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:26
51 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
52 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32
53 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
54 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
55 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
56 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
57 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
59 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
60 msgstr "Linux Programmer's Manual"
63 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:26 build/C/man2/futex.2:54
64 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:30 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:28
65 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:28
66 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:9
67 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:9
68 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:28 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:28
69 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:33 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:11
70 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:45
71 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:20
72 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26 build/C/man2/splice.2:27
73 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:27 build/C/man2/vm86.2:27 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:27
79 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28
80 msgid "arch_prctl - set architecture-specific thread state"
81 msgstr "arch_prctl - アーキテクチャ固有のスレッド状態を設定する"
84 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28 build/C/man2/futex.2:56
85 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
86 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
87 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
88 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
89 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
90 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
91 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
92 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
93 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28 build/C/man2/splice.2:29
94 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29 build/C/man2/vm86.2:29 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
100 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:31
102 msgid "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
103 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
106 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:33
108 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
109 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
112 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:36
115 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long >I<addr>B<);>\n"
116 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
117 msgstr "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
119 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
121 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:37 build/C/man2/futex.2:68
122 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:44 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40
123 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
124 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:18
125 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:62 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:22
126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39
127 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
128 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:50 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:54
129 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:38 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
130 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:34 build/C/man2/splice.2:39
131 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:38 build/C/man2/vm86.2:35 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:39
137 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:52
139 "The B<arch_prctl>() function sets architecture-specific process or thread "
140 "state. I<code> selects a subfunction and passes argument I<addr> to it; "
141 "I<addr> is interpreted as either an I<unsigned long> for the \"set\" "
142 "operations, or as an I<unsigned long\\ *>, for the \"get\" operations."
144 "B<arch_prctl>() 関数はアーキテクチャ固有のプロセス状態またはスレッド状態を設"
145 "定する。 I<code> は副機能を選択し、引き数 I<addr> を副機能に渡す。 I<addr> "
146 "は、\"set\" 操作では I<unsigned long> として、\"get\" 操作では I<unsigned "
147 "long\\ *> として解釈される。"
150 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
151 msgid "Subfunctions for x86-64 are:"
152 msgstr "x86-64 の副機能は以下の通り:"
155 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
157 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
158 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
161 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
162 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<FS> register to I<addr>."
163 msgstr "I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
166 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
168 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
169 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
172 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
174 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<FS> register of the current thread in "
175 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
177 "現在のスレッドの I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
178 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
181 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
183 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
184 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
187 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
188 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<GS> register to I<addr>."
189 msgstr "I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
192 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
194 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
195 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
198 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82
200 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<GS> register of the current thread in "
201 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
203 "現在のスレッドの I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
204 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
207 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82 build/C/man2/futex.2:214
208 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:77 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
209 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:114 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
210 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:53
211 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2116
212 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190 build/C/man2/personality.2:57
213 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:209
214 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1780 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
215 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
216 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:127 build/C/man2/tee.2:85 build/C/man2/vm86.2:54
217 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
223 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88
225 "On success, B<arch_prctl>() returns 0; on error, -1 is returned, and "
226 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
228 "成功すると、 B<arch_prctl>() は 0 を返す。エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 "
229 "I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
232 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88 build/C/man2/futex.2:239
233 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:84 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
234 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:121 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
235 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
236 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2122 build/C/man2/personality.2:64
237 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:229
238 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1801 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
239 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
240 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:142 build/C/man2/tee.2:100 build/C/man2/vm86.2:59
241 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
247 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:89 build/C/man2/futex.2:254
248 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:111 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:51
249 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:109 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:251
250 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:256 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1805
251 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:428 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
252 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:60
258 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93
260 "I<addr> points to an unmapped address or is outside the process address "
263 "I<addr> がアンマップされたアドレスを指しているか、プロセスのアドレス空間の外"
267 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93 build/C/man2/futex.2:266
268 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:88 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:126
269 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
270 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:78 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2123
271 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:65 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
272 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:230 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
273 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1816
274 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
275 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128 build/C/man2/splice.2:147
276 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:101 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
282 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97
283 msgid "I<code> is not a valid subcommand."
284 msgstr "I<code> が有効なサブコマンドでない。"
287 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:98
288 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:133 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
289 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
290 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1826
291 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456 build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
297 #. Man page written by Andi Kleen.
299 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103
300 msgid "I<addr> is outside the process address space."
301 msgstr "I<addr> がプロセスのアドレス空間の外にある。"
304 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103 build/C/man2/futex.2:301
305 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:142
306 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
307 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/outb.2:87
308 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2141
309 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199 build/C/man2/personality.2:68
310 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279
311 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1844 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
312 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97 build/C/man2/splice.2:170
313 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:119 build/C/man2/vm86.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:143
315 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
319 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107
321 "B<arch_prctl>() is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in "
322 "programs intended to be portable."
324 "B<arch_prctl>() は Linux/x86-64 拡張であり、移植性を意図したプログラムでは使"
328 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107 build/C/man2/futex.2:303
329 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:119 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
330 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:144 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
331 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2146
332 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
333 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:281 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1846
334 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155 build/C/man2/splice.2:172
335 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
341 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:110
343 "B<arch_prctl>() is supported only on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs "
346 "B<arch_prctl>() は現在のところ Linux/x86-64 上の 64 ビットプログラムでのみサ"
350 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:112
351 msgid "The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded."
353 "新しい 32 ビットセグメントセレクタがロードされた場合、 64 ビットベースは変更"
357 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:115
358 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS> is disabled in some kernels."
359 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS> が無効にされているカーネルもある。"
362 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:130
364 "Context switches for 64-bit segment bases are rather expensive. It may be a "
365 "faster alternative to set a 32-bit base using a segment selector by setting "
366 "up an LDT with B<modify_ldt>(2) or using the B<set_thread_area>(2) system "
367 "call in kernel 2.5 or later. B<arch_prctl>() is needed only when you want "
368 "to set bases that are larger than 4GB. Memory in the first 2GB of address "
369 "space can be allocated by using B<mmap>(2) with the B<MAP_32BIT> flag."
371 "64 ビットセグメントベースのコンテキストスイッチは、やや高価である。 LDT を "
372 "B<modify_ldt>(2) で設定してセグメントセレクタを使うか、 (カーネル 2.5 以降"
373 "の) B<set_thread_area>(2) システムコールを使うことにより、 32 ビットベース"
374 "を設定するという高速な代替手段もある。 4GB より大きなベースを設定したい場合に"
375 "のみ、 B<arch_prctl>() が必要である。 アドレス空間の最初の 2GB にあるメモリ"
376 "は、 B<mmap>(2) に B<MAP_32BIT> フラグを指定して割り当てることができる。"
379 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:135
381 "As of version 2.7, glibc provides no prototype for B<arch_prctl>(). You "
382 "have to declare it yourself for now. This may be fixed in future glibc "
385 "バージョン 2.7 時点では、glibc には B<arch_prctl>() のプロトタイプがない。 "
386 "今のところユーザは自分自身で宣言する必要がある。 これは将来の glibc のバー"
390 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138
391 msgid "I<FS> may be already used by the threading library."
392 msgstr "I<FS> はスレッドライブラリで既に使われているかもしれない。"
395 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138 build/C/man2/futex.2:317
396 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:128 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
397 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136
398 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
399 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2266 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
400 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:331
401 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2000 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
402 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99
403 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:226 build/C/man2/tee.2:197
404 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:154
410 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:143
411 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
412 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
415 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145
416 msgid "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
417 msgstr "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
420 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145 build/C/man2/futex.2:331
421 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:137 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
422 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
423 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:60
424 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:116
425 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2272 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
426 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:72 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
427 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:334 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2014
428 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:203
429 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:102 build/C/man2/splice.2:230
430 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:200 build/C/man2/vm86.2:76 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:157
436 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:152 build/C/man2/futex.2:338
437 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:144 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:120
438 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:169 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:95
439 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:145 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:67
440 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:106 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:123
441 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2279 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:216
442 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:156
443 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:341 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2021
444 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:519 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:210
445 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:109 build/C/man2/splice.2:237
446 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:207 build/C/man2/vm86.2:83 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
448 "This page is part of release 3.54 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
449 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
450 "found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
452 "この man ページは Linux I<man-pages> プロジェクトのリリース 3.54 の一部\n"
453 "である。プロジェクトの説明とバグ報告に関する情報は\n"
454 "http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/ に書かれている。"
457 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
463 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
465 #| msgid "2013-07-30"
470 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:56
471 msgid "futex - fast user-space locking"
472 msgstr "futex - 高速ユーザ空間ロック"
475 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:61
478 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
479 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
481 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
482 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
485 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:64
487 msgid "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
488 msgstr "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
490 #. int *? void *? u32 *?
492 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:67
494 msgid "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
495 msgstr "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
498 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:84
500 "The B<futex>() system call provides a method for a program to wait for a "
501 "value at a given address to change, and a method to wake up anyone waiting "
502 "on a particular address (while the addresses for the same memory in separate "
503 "processes may not be equal, the kernel maps them internally so the same "
504 "memory mapped in different locations will correspond for B<futex>() "
505 "calls). This system call is typically used to implement the contended case "
506 "of a lock in shared memory, as described in B<futex>(7)."
508 "B<futex>() システムコールは、 指定したアドレスの値が変更されるのをプログラム"
509 "が待つ手段や 特定のアドレスに対して待機中のプロセスを wake (起床) させる手段"
510 "を提供する (プロセスが異なれば同じメモリに対するアドレスも同じではないかもし"
511 "れないが、 カーネルは異なる位置にマップされた同じメモリを B<futex>() で使え"
512 "るよう内部でマップする)。 通常は、このシステムコールは B<futex>(7) に書かれ"
513 "ているように、 共有メモリ中のロックが競合する場合の処理を実装するのに用いられ"
517 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:91
519 "When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in user space, a "
520 "call needs to be made to the kernel to arbitrate. Arbitration can either "
521 "mean putting the calling process to sleep or, conversely, waking a waiting "
524 "B<futex>(7) の操作がユーザ空間で競合なく完了しなかった場合、 カーネルに仲裁"
525 "させるためにシステムコールを呼ぶ必要がある。 仲裁というのは、呼び出しプロセス"
526 "を sleep (起床待ち) させたり、反対に 待ちプロセスを wake させたりすることを意"
530 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:98
532 "Callers of this function are expected to adhere to the semantics as set out "
533 "in B<futex>(7). As these semantics involve writing nonportable assembly "
534 "instructions, this in turn probably means that most users will in fact be "
535 "library authors and not general application developers."
537 "この関数を呼び出すプロセスは B<futex>(7) に記述されているセマンティクスに忠"
538 "実であることが要求される。 このセマンティクスには移植不可能なアセンブリ命令を"
539 "書くことが含まれる。 このことは言い換えると futex のユーザのほとんどは実際は"
540 "ライブラリの作者であり、 一般アプリケーションの開発者ではないということであ"
544 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:106
546 "The I<uaddr> argument needs to point to an aligned integer which stores the "
547 "counter. The operation to execute is passed via the I<op> argument, along "
548 "with a value I<val>."
550 "I<uaddr> 引き数は、カウンタを格納する、 アラインメントの揃った int 型変数を指"
551 "している必要がある。 実行する操作は I<op> 引き数を介して、値 I<val> とともに"
555 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:108
556 msgid "Five operations are currently defined:"
557 msgstr "現在のところ 5 つの操作が定義されている:"
560 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:108 build/C/man2/futex.2:221
562 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
563 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
566 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:131
569 #| "This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
570 #| "contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this "
571 #| "futex address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents "
572 #| "describe the minimum duration of the wait, which is infinite otherwise. "
573 #| "The arguments I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
575 "This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
576 "contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this futex "
577 "address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents specify the "
578 "duration of the wait. (This interval will be rounded up to the system clock "
579 "granularity, and kernel scheduling delays mean that the blocking interval "
580 "may overrun by a small amount.) If I<timeout> is NULL, the call blocks "
581 "indefinitely. The arguments I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
583 "この操作は futex アドレス I<uaddr> に指定された値 I<val> がまだ格納されている"
584 "かどうかを不可分操作で検証し、 sleep 状態で この futex アドレスに対して "
585 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> が実行されるのを待つ。 I<timeout> 引き数が NULL でない場合、そ"
586 "の内容は 待ち時間の最大値を表す。NULL の場合は無限大を表す。 引き数 "
587 "I<uaddr2> と I<val3> は無視される。"
590 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:139
592 "For B<futex>(7), this call is executed if decrementing the count gave a "
593 "negative value (indicating contention), and will sleep until another process "
594 "releases the futex and executes the B<FUTEX_WAKE> operation."
596 "B<futex>(7) に照らし合わせると、この呼び出しは カウントのデクリメントで負の"
597 "値 (競合を表す) になった場合に実行され、 別のプロセスがその futex を解放し "
598 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> の操作を実行するまで sleep する。"
601 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:139 build/C/man2/futex.2:227
603 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
604 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
607 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:150
609 "This operation wakes at most I<val> processes waiting on this futex address "
610 "(i.e., inside B<FUTEX_WAIT>). The arguments I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and "
611 "I<val3> are ignored."
613 "この操作では指定した futex アドレスに対して待ち状態の (すなわち "
614 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 中の) 最大 I<val> 個のプロセスを wake させる。 引き数 "
615 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
618 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:156
620 "For B<futex>(7), this is executed if incrementing the count showed that "
621 "there were waiters, once the futex value has been set to 1 (indicating that "
624 "B<futex>(4) に照らし合わせると、 この操作は カウントのインクリメントで待ちプ"
625 "ロセスがあると判明し、 futex 値が 1 に設定された (利用可能であることを表す) "
629 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:156
631 msgid "B<FUTEX_FD> (present up to and including Linux 2.6.25)"
632 msgstr "B<FUTEX_FD> (Linux 2.6.25 以前)"
634 #. , suitable for .BR poll (2).
636 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:172
638 "To support asynchronous wakeups, this operation associates a file descriptor "
639 "with a futex. If another process executes a B<FUTEX_WAKE>, the process will "
640 "receive the signal number that was passed in I<val>. The calling process "
641 "must close the returned file descriptor after use. The arguments "
642 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
644 "非同期の wake に対応するため、この操作はファイルディスクリプタを futex に 関"
645 "連づける。 別のプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> を実行すると、プロセスは I<val> で渡"
646 "されたシグナル番号のシグナルを受信する。 呼び出しプロセスは使用後、返された"
647 "ファイルディスクリプタを クローズしなければならない。 引き数 I<timeout>, "
648 "I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
651 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:177
653 "To prevent race conditions, the caller should test if the futex has been "
654 "upped after B<FUTEX_FD> returns."
656 "競合状態を防止するため、呼び出しプロセスは B<FUTEX_FD> が返ったあと futex が "
657 "up されたかどうかを確認しなければならない。"
660 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:181
662 "Because it was inherently racy, B<FUTEX_FD> has been removed from Linux "
665 "B<FUTEX_FD> はもともと競合が起きやすかったため、 Linux 2.6.26 以降で削除され"
669 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:181
671 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.5.70)"
672 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.5.70 以降)"
675 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:196
677 "This operation was introduced in order to avoid a \"thundering herd\" effect "
678 "when B<FUTEX_WAKE> is used and all processes woken up need to acquire "
679 "another futex. This call wakes up I<val> processes, and requeues all other "
680 "waiters on the futex at address I<uaddr2>. The arguments I<timeout> and "
681 "I<val3> are ignored."
683 "この操作は、 B<FUTEX_WAKE> が使われていて、かつ wake されている全てのプロセス"
684 "が 他の futex を取得する必要がある場合に、 「獣の群れの暴走 (thundering "
685 "herd)」効果を避けるために導入された。 この呼び出しは I<val> 個のプロセスを "
686 "wake し、アドレス I<uaddr2> で futex を待っている他の全てのプロセスを再度"
687 "キューにいれる。 引き数 I<timeout> と I<val3> は無視される。"
690 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:196
692 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
693 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.6.7 以降)"
696 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:214
698 "There was a race in the intended use of B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, so "
699 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> was introduced. This is similar to B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, "
700 "but first checks whether the location I<uaddr> still contains the value "
701 "I<val3>. If not, the operation fails with the error B<EAGAIN>. The "
702 "argument I<timeout> is ignored."
704 "故意に B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> を使う場合に競合が起こるため、 B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> "
705 "が導入された。これは B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> と似ているが、場所 I<uaddr> に値 "
706 "I<val3> がまだ保持されているかを最初にチェックする。 保持されていない場合、操"
707 "作はエラー B<EAGAIN> で失敗する。引き数 I<timeout> は無視される。"
710 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:221
712 "In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
713 "indicate the error. The return value on success depends on the operation, "
714 "as described in the following list:"
716 "エラーの場合、全ての操作で -1 が返り、 I<errno> がエラーの内容を示す値に設定"
717 "される。成功時の返り値は操作によって異なり、以下のリストに書かれている通りで"
721 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:227
723 "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. See ERRORS for "
724 "the various possible error returns."
726 "そのプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> により wake された場合 0 を返す。発生する可能性"
727 "があるエラーについては「エラー」の節を参照。"
730 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:230 build/C/man2/futex.2:236 build/C/man2/futex.2:239
731 msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
732 msgstr "wake したプロセスの数を返す。"
735 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:230
741 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:233
742 msgid "Returns the new file descriptor associated with the futex."
743 msgstr "futex に関連づけられた新たなファイルディスクリプタを返す。"
746 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:233
748 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
749 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
752 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:236
754 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
755 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
758 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:240 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
764 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:243
765 msgid "No read access to futex memory."
766 msgstr "futex メモリに読み込みアクセス権がなかった。"
769 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:243 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:116
775 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:254
777 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> detected that the value pointed to by I<uaddr> is not "
778 "equal to the expected value I<val3>. (This probably indicates a race; use "
779 "the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
781 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> で、I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 I<val3> と異なる状況が検出"
782 "された。 (これは競合を示しているかもしれない。この場合は安全な B<FUTEX_WAKE> "
786 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:259
787 msgid "Error retrieving I<timeout> information from user space."
788 msgstr "ユーザ空間から I<timeout> の情報を取得する際にエラーが発生した。"
791 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:259
797 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:266
799 "A B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation was interrupted by a signal (see B<signal>(7)) or "
802 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作がシグナル (B<signal>(7) 参照) もしくは偽の wakeup により中"
806 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:269
807 msgid "Invalid argument."
811 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:269
817 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:272
818 msgid "The system limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
819 msgstr "オープンされているファイルの総数がシステムの制限に達した。"
822 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:272 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
823 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
824 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
830 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:276
831 msgid "Invalid operation specified in I<op>."
832 msgstr "I<op> に無効な操作が指定された。"
835 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:276
838 msgstr "B<ETIMEDOUT>"
841 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:281
842 msgid "Timeout during the B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation."
843 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作でタイムアウトが発生した。"
846 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:281
848 msgid "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
849 msgstr "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
852 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:291
854 "I<op> was B<FUTEX_WAIT> and the value pointed to by I<uaddr> was not equal "
855 "to the expected value I<val> at the time of the call."
857 "I<op> が B<FUTEX_WAIT> で、その呼び出しにおいて I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 "
861 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:291 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:115
862 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138
863 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
864 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:276
865 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
866 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:165 build/C/man2/tee.2:114
867 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
873 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:301
875 "Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7 but with different semantics "
876 "from what was described above. A 4-argument system call with the semantics "
877 "described in this page was introduced in Linux 2.5.40. In Linux 2.5.70 one "
878 "argument was added. In Linux 2.6.7 a sixth argument was added\\(emmessy, "
879 "especially on the s390 architecture."
881 "最初の futex 対応は Linux 2.5.7 で組み込まれたが、 上記のセマンティクスとは異"
882 "なる。 4 つの引き数のここに書かれているセマンティクスを持つ システムコール"
883 "は、Linux 2.5.40 で導入された。 Linux 2.5.70 では 1 つの引き数が追加された。 "
884 "Linux 2.6.7 では 6 番目の引き数が追加された。 これは汚く、s390 アーキテクチャ"
888 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:303 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:144
889 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99 build/C/man2/splice.2:172
890 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
891 msgid "This system call is Linux-specific."
892 msgstr "このシステムコールは Linux 固有である。"
896 #. Futexes were designed and worked on by
897 #. Hubertus Franke (IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center),
898 #. Matthew Kirkwood, Ingo Molnar (Red Hat)
899 #. and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center).
900 #. This page written by bert hubert.
902 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:317
904 "To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction "
905 "for end-users. (There is no wrapper function for this system call in "
906 "glibc.) Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have read "
907 "the sources of the futex user-space library referenced below."
909 "繰り返すが、裸の futex はエンドユーザが容易に使うことのできる概念として 意図"
910 "されたものではない (glibc にはこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数はな"
911 "い)。 実装者は、アセンブリ言語に慣れており、以下に挙げる futex ユーザ空間ライ"
912 "ブラリの ソースを読み終えていることが要求される。"
915 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:320
916 msgid "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<futex>(7)"
917 msgstr "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<futex>(7)"
920 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:323
922 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
923 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
925 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
926 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
929 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:326
931 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
934 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
938 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:328
939 msgid "Futex example library, futex-*.tar.bz2 at"
940 msgstr "futex の使用例ライブラリ, futex-*.tar.bz2"
943 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:331
945 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> "
948 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> "
952 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
954 msgid "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
955 msgstr "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
958 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
959 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
965 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
967 msgid "Linux System Calls"
971 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32
972 msgid "get_robust_list, set_robust_list - get/set list of robust futexes"
976 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:36
979 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
980 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
982 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
983 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
986 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:40
989 "B<long get_robust_list(int >I<pid>B<, struct robust_list_head **>I<head_ptr>B<,>\n"
990 "B<\t\t\t size_t *>I<len_ptr>B<);>\n"
991 "B<long set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head *>I<head>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);>\n"
995 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:44
996 msgid "I<Note>: There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES."
998 "I<注意>: これらのシステムコールには glibc ラッパー関数は存在しない。 「注意」"
1002 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:49
1004 "The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust "
1005 "futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits. These lists are managed "
1006 "in user space; the kernel is notified about only the location of the head of "
1011 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:65
1013 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call returns the head of the robust futex "
1014 "list of the thread whose thread ID is specified in I<pid>. If I<pid> is 0, "
1015 "the head of the list for the calling thread is returned. The list head is "
1016 "stored in the location pointed to by I<head_ptr>. The size of the object "
1017 "pointed to by I<**head_ptr> is stored in I<len_ptr>."
1021 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:77
1023 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call requests the kernel to record the head "
1024 "of the list of robust futexes owned by the calling thread. The I<head> "
1025 "argument is the list head to record. The I<len> argument should be I<sizeof"
1030 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:84
1032 "The B<set_robust_list>() and B<get_robust_list>() system calls return zero "
1033 "when the operation is successful, an error code otherwise."
1037 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:88
1039 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following error:"
1043 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:94
1045 "I<len> does not match the size of structure B<struct robust_list_head> "
1046 "expected by kernel."
1050 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:98
1052 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following errors:"
1056 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106
1058 "The calling process does not have permission to see the robust futex list of "
1059 "the thread with the thread ID I<pid>, and does not have the "
1060 "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE> capability."
1064 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:271
1065 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1839 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
1066 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
1072 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:111
1073 msgid "No thread with the thread ID I<pid> could be found."
1077 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:115
1079 "The head of the robust futex list can't be stored at the location I<head>."
1083 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:119
1085 "These system calls were added in Linux 2.6.17. No library support is "
1086 "provided; use B<syscall>(2)."
1088 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
1089 "サポートは提供されていない。 B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1092 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:124
1094 "These system calls are not needed by normal applications. No support for "
1095 "them is provided in glibc. In the unlikely event that you want to call them "
1096 "directly, use B<syscall>(2)."
1098 "通常のアプリケーションでは、これらのシステムコールは必要ではない。 glibc によ"
1099 "るサポートは提供されていない。おそらくないと思うが、このシステムコールを直接"
1100 "呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1103 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:128
1105 "A thread can have only one robust futex list; therefore applications that "
1106 "wish to use this functionality should use the robust mutexes provided by "
1110 #. .BR pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np (3)
1112 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:131
1114 msgstr "B<futex>(2)"
1116 #. http://lwn.net/Articles/172149/
1118 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:137
1120 "I<Documentation/robust-futexes.txt> and I<Documentation/robust-futex-ABI."
1121 "txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
1125 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
1131 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
1137 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
1138 msgid "getunwind - copy the unwind data to caller's buffer"
1142 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:34
1145 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1146 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1148 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1149 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1152 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:36
1154 msgid "B<long getunwind(void >I<*buf>B<, size_t >I<buf_size>B<);>\n"
1158 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39
1159 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42
1160 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
1161 msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
1163 "I<注>: このシステムコールには glibc のラッパー関数は存在しない。「注意」の節"
1167 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:42
1168 msgid "I<Note: this function is obsolete.>"
1172 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:52
1174 "The IA-64-specific B<getunwind>() system call copies the kernel's call "
1175 "frame unwind data into the buffer pointed to by I<buf> and returns the size "
1176 "of the unwind data; this data describes the gate page (kernel code that is "
1177 "mapped into user space)."
1181 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:64
1183 "The size of the buffer I<buf> is specified in I<buf_size>. The data is "
1184 "copied only if I<buf_size> is greater than or equal to the size of the "
1185 "unwind data and I<buf> is not NULL; otherwise, no data is copied, and the "
1186 "call succeeds, returning the size that would be needed to store the unwind "
1191 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:68
1193 "The first part of the unwind data contains an unwind table. The rest "
1194 "contains the associated unwind information, in no particular order. The "
1195 "unwind table contains entries of the following form:"
1199 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:73
1202 "\tu64 start; (64-bit address of start of function)\n"
1203 "\tu64 end; (64-bit address of end of function)\n"
1204 "\tu64 info; (BUF-relative offset to unwind info)\n"
1208 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
1210 "An entry whose I<start> value is zero indicates the end of the table. For "
1211 "more information about the format, see the I<IA-64 Software Conventions and "
1212 "Runtime Architecture> manual."
1216 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
1218 "On success, B<getunwind>() returns the size of unwind table. On error, -1 "
1219 "is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1223 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94
1225 "B<getunwind>() fails with the error B<EFAULT> if the unwind info can't be "
1226 "stored in the space specified by I<buf>."
1230 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96
1231 msgid "This system call is available since Linux 2.4."
1235 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
1237 "This system call is Linux specific, and is available only on the IA-64 "
1242 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:107
1244 "This system call has been deprecated. The modern way to obtain the kernel's "
1245 "unwind data is via the gate DSO. The address of the ELF header for this DSO "
1246 "is passed to user level via B<AT_SYSINFO_EHDR> (see B<getauxval>(3))."
1250 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
1252 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; in the unlikely event "
1253 "that you want to call it, use B<syscall>(2)."
1255 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。おそらくない"
1256 "と思うが、このシステムコールを呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1259 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
1260 msgid "B<getauxval>(3)"
1261 msgstr "B<getauxval>(3)"
1264 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
1270 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29
1271 msgid "kexec_load - load a new kernel for later execution"
1272 msgstr "kexec_load - 新しいカーネルを後で実行するためにロードする"
1275 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:31
1276 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1277 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1280 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:33
1282 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1285 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1289 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:36
1290 msgid "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1291 msgstr "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1294 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:44
1296 "The B<kexec_load>() system call loads a new kernel that can be executed "
1297 "later by B<reboot>(2)."
1299 "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは、新しいカーネルをロードし、\n"
1300 "その後の B<reboot>(2) で実行できるようにする。"
1303 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1305 "The I<flags> argument is a mask whose high-order bits control the operation "
1306 "of the call. The following values can be specified in I<flags>:"
1308 "I<flags> 引き数はマスクビットで、\n"
1309 "その上位ビットでシステムコールの呼び出しの動作を制御する。\n"
1310 "I<flags> には以下の値を指定できる。"
1313 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1315 msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
1316 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
1318 #. FIXME figure out how this is really used
1320 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1321 msgid "Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash."
1322 msgstr "システムのクラッシュ時に、新しいカーネルを自動的に実行する。"
1325 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1327 msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
1328 msgstr "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (Linux 2.6.27 以降)"
1331 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:64
1333 "Preserve the system hardware and software states before executing the new "
1334 "kernel. This could be used for system suspend. This flag is available only "
1335 "if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP>, and is effective "
1336 "only if I<nr_segments> is greater than 0."
1339 "システムのハードウェアとソフトウェアの状態を保存する。\n"
1340 "システムの中断時 (suspend) などで使用できる。\n"
1341 "このフラグは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP> が有効の場合のみ\n"
1342 "利用可能であり、 I<nr_segments> が 0 より大きい場合のみ効果がある。"
1345 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:84
1347 "The low-order bits of I<flags> contain the architecture of the to-be-"
1348 "executed kernel. Specify (OR) the constant B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> to use the "
1349 "current architecture, or one of the following architecture constants "
1350 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, "
1351 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, "
1352 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, and "
1353 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE>. The architecture must be executable on the CPU of "
1356 "I<flags> の下位ビットには、実行されるカーネルのアーキテクチャが入る。\n"
1357 "現在のアーキテクチャを使うことを意味する定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> か、\n"
1358 "アーキテクチャ定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>,\n"
1359 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>,\n"
1360 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>,\n"
1361 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE> の\n"
1362 "いずれか一つを (OR で) 指定する。指定するアーキテクチャは、\n"
1363 "システムの CPU で実行可能なものでなければならない。"
1366 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:98
1368 "The I<entry> argument is the physical entry address in the kernel image. "
1369 "The I<nr_segments> argument is the number of segments pointed to by the "
1370 "I<segments> pointer. The I<segments> argument is an array of "
1371 "I<kexec_segment> structures which define the kernel layout:"
1373 "I<entry> 引き数は、カーネルイメージの物理エントリーアドレスである。\n"
1374 "I<nr_segments> 引き数は、 I<segments> ポインタが指すセグメントの\n"
1375 "数である。 I<segments> 引き数は I<kexec_segment> 構造体の配列で、\n"
1376 "この構造体によりカーネルの配置が定義される。"
1379 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:107
1382 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1383 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1384 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1385 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1386 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1389 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1390 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1391 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1392 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1393 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1396 #. FIXME elaborate on the following:
1398 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:114
1400 "The kernel image defined by I<segments> is copied from the calling process "
1401 "into previously reserved memory."
1403 "I<segments> で定義されたカーネルイメージは、\n"
1404 "呼び出したプロセスから予約済みメモリにコピーされる。"
1407 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:121
1409 "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
1410 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1412 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
1413 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1416 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:122 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
1417 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1802 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
1423 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:126
1425 "Another crash kernel is already being loaded or a crash kernel is already in "
1428 "別のクラッシュカーネルがすでにロードされているか、\n"
1429 "クラッシュカーネルがすでに使用されている。"
1431 #. KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX == 16
1433 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:133
1434 msgid "I<flags> is invalid; or I<nr_segments> is too large"
1435 msgstr "I<flags> が無効である。 I<nr_segments> が大きすぎる。"
1438 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138
1439 msgid "The caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability."
1440 msgstr "呼び出し側が B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
1443 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:142
1444 msgid "The B<kexec_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.13."
1445 msgstr "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.13 で初めて登場した。"
1448 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:149
1450 "Currently, there is no glibc support for B<kexec_load>(). Call it using "
1453 "現在のところ、 B<kexec_load>() は glibc ではサポートされていない。\n"
1454 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。"
1456 #. FIXME Andi submitted a patch for this.
1457 #. Check if it got accepted later.
1459 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:156
1461 "The required constants are in the Linux kernel source file I<linux/kexec.h>, "
1462 "which is not currently exported to glibc. Therefore, these constants must "
1463 "be defined manually."
1465 "必要な定数は Linux カーネルのソースファイル I<linux/kexec.h> で定義されてい"
1467 "が、現在のところ glibc には公開されていない。\n"
1468 "そのため、これらの定数は手動で定義しなければならない。"
1471 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159
1473 "This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with "
1476 "このシステムコールは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC> が有効になって\n"
1480 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162
1481 msgid "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1482 msgstr "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1485 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1487 msgid "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1488 msgstr "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1491 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1497 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
1498 msgid "lookup_dcookie - return a directory entry's path"
1499 msgstr "lookup_dcookie - ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を返す"
1502 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
1504 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1507 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1511 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:38
1513 "Look up the full path of the directory entry specified by the value "
1514 "I<cookie>. The cookie is an opaque identifier uniquely identifying a "
1515 "particular directory entry. The buffer given is filled in with the full "
1516 "path of the directory entry."
1518 "I<cookie> 値で指定されたディレクトリ・エントリのフルパス名を検索する。 "
1519 "cookie は、個々のディレクトリ・エントリを区別する内部識別子 (opaque "
1520 "identifier) である。引き数で指定されたバッファに、ディレクトリ・エントリの フ"
1524 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
1526 "For B<lookup_dcookie>() to return successfully, the kernel must still hold "
1527 "a cookie reference to the directory entry."
1529 "B<lookup_dcookie>() が正常に値を返すためには、カーネルがディレクトリ・エント"
1530 "リへの cookie 参照を 保持していなければならない。"
1533 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
1535 "On success, B<lookup_dcookie>() returns the length of the path string "
1536 "copied into the buffer. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1539 "成功した場合、 B<lookup_dcookie>() はバッファにコピーしたパス文字列の長さを"
1540 "返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
1543 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54
1544 msgid "The buffer was not valid."
1545 msgstr "バッファが有効でなかった。"
1548 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1550 "The kernel has no registered cookie/directory entry mappings at the time of "
1551 "lookup, or the cookie does not refer to a valid directory entry."
1553 "検索が行われた時、cookie とディレクトリ・エントリのマッピングがカーネルに 登"
1554 "録されていなかったか、または cookie が有効なディレクトリ・エントリを 参照して"
1558 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1560 msgid "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1561 msgstr "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1564 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61
1565 msgid "The name could not fit in the buffer."
1566 msgstr "名前がバッファに入り切らなかった。"
1569 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:262
1570 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138 build/C/man2/splice.2:155
1571 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:111 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
1577 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
1579 "The kernel could not allocate memory for the temporary buffer holding the "
1582 "カーネルが、パス名を保持する一時バッファ用のメモリを割り当てることが できな"
1586 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70
1588 "The process does not have the capability B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> required to look "
1591 "プロセスが cookie 値を検索するのに必要なケーパビリティ B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> を"
1595 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
1601 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73
1603 "The buffer was not large enough to hold the path of the directory entry."
1605 "バッファが、ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を収容するのに 十分な大きさではな"
1609 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78
1611 "Available since Linux 2.5.43. The B<ENAMETOOLONG> error return was added in "
1614 "Linux 2.5.43 以降で利用できる。 エラー B<ENAMETOOLONG> を返す仕様は 2.5.70 で"
1618 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
1619 msgid "B<lookup_dcookie>() is Linux-specific."
1620 msgstr "B<lookup_dcookie>() は Linux 独自の関数である。"
1623 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:85
1625 "B<lookup_dcookie>() is a special-purpose system call, currently used only "
1626 "by the oprofile profiler. It relies on a kernel driver to register cookies "
1627 "for directory entries."
1629 "B<lookup_dcookie>() は特殊な用途に使われるシステムコールで、現在のところ "
1630 "oprofile profiler で 使われているだけである。"
1633 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
1635 "The path returned may be suffixed by the string \" (deleted)\" if the "
1636 "directory entry has been removed."
1638 "指定されたディレクトリ・エントリが削除されていた場合、返されるパス名の最後に "
1639 "\" (deleted)\" という文字列が付加されることがある。"
1642 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
1648 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27
1649 msgid "modify_ldt - get or set ldt"
1650 msgstr "modify_ldt - ldt を設定または取得する"
1653 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:30
1655 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1656 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1659 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:32
1661 msgid "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1662 msgstr "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1665 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:41
1667 "B<modify_ldt>() reads or writes the local descriptor table (ldt) for a "
1668 "process. The ldt is a per-process memory management table used by the i386 "
1669 "processor. For more information on this table, see an Intel 386 processor "
1672 "B<modify_ldt>() はプロセスのローカル・ディスクリプタ・テーブル (local "
1673 "descriptor table; ldt) を読み書きする。 ldt は i386 プロセッサで使用されるプ"
1674 "ロセスごとのメモリ管理テーブルである。 このテーブルに関してのより詳しい情報"
1675 "は Intel 386 processor handbook を 参照すること。"
1678 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:51
1680 "When I<func> is 0, B<modify_ldt>() reads the ldt into the memory pointed to "
1681 "by I<ptr>. The number of bytes read is the smaller of I<bytecount> and the "
1682 "actual size of the ldt."
1684 "I<func> が 0 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt を I<ptr> が指しているメモリに"
1685 "読み込む。 読み込むバイト数は実際の ldt のサイズか I<bytecount> より小さい方"
1688 #. FIXME ? say something about func == 2 and func == 0x11?
1689 #. In Linux 2.4, func == 2 returned "the default ldt"
1690 #. In Linux 2.6, func == 2 is a nop, returning a zeroed out structure.
1691 #. Linux 2.4 and 2.6 implement an operation for func == 0x11
1693 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:69
1695 "When I<func> is 1, B<modify_ldt>() modifies one ldt entry. I<ptr> points "
1696 "to a I<user_desc> structure and I<bytecount> must equal the size of this "
1699 "I<func> が 1 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt エントリの一つを変更する。 "
1700 "I<ptr> は I<user_desc> 構造体を指し、 I<bytecount> はこの構造体の大きさに等し"
1704 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:73
1705 msgid "The I<user_desc> structure is defined in I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> as:"
1707 "I<user_desc> 構造体は I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
1710 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:87
1713 "struct user_desc {\n"
1714 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1715 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1716 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1717 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1718 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1719 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1720 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1721 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1722 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1725 "struct user_desc {\n"
1726 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1727 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1728 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1729 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1730 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1731 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1732 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1733 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1734 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1738 #. The ldt is specific for the calling process. Any attempts to change
1739 #. the ldt to include the address space of another process or the kernel
1740 #. will result in a segmentation violation when trying to access the memory
1741 #. outside of the process address space. The memory protection is enforced
1742 #. at the paging layer.
1744 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98
1745 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>."
1747 "Linux 2.4 以前では、この構造体は I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> という名前であった。"
1750 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108
1752 "On success, B<modify_ldt>() returns either the actual number of bytes read "
1753 "(for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, B<modify_ldt>() returns -1 "
1754 "and sets I<errno> to indicate the error."
1756 "成功した場合は、 B<modify_ldt>() は (読み込みの場合は) 実際に読み込んだバイ"
1757 "ト数、 または (書き込みの場合は) 0 を返す。 失敗した場合は B<modify_ldt>() "
1758 "は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
1761 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
1762 msgid "I<ptr> points outside the address space."
1763 msgstr "I<ptr> がアドレス空間の外を指している。"
1766 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
1768 "I<ptr> is 0, or I<func> is 1 and I<bytecount> is not equal to the size of "
1769 "the structure I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>, or I<func> is 1 and the new ldt entry has "
1772 "I<ptr> が 0 である、 または I<func> が 1 で I<bytecount> が "
1773 "I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> 構造体のサイズと等しくないか、 I<func> が 1 で新しい ldt "
1777 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
1778 msgid "I<func> is neither 0 nor 1."
1779 msgstr "I<func> が 0 でも 1 でもない。"
1782 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133
1784 "This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
1787 "このコールは Linux 特有であり、移植を意図したプログラムでは 使用してはいけな"
1791 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
1792 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
1794 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
1797 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 B<syscall>"
1801 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138
1806 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1812 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1814 #| msgid "2013-02-13"
1819 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
1820 msgid "nfsservctl - syscall interface to kernel nfs daemon"
1821 msgstr "nfsservctl - カーネル nfs デーモンのためのインターフェース"
1824 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:14
1826 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1827 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1830 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:17
1833 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1834 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1836 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1837 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1840 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:21
1841 msgid "I<Note>: Since Linux 3.1, this system call no longer exists."
1842 msgstr "I<注意>: Linux 3.1 以降では、このシステムコールはもはや存在しない。"
1845 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:35
1849 #| " * These are the commands understood by nfsctl().\n"
1851 #| "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* This is a server process. */\n"
1852 #| "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* Add an NFS client. */\n"
1853 #| "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* Remove an NFS client. */\n"
1854 #| "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* export a file system. */\n"
1855 #| "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* unexport a file system. */\n"
1856 #| "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* update a client's UID/GID map. */\n"
1857 #| "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* get an fh (used by mountd) */\n"
1860 " * These are the commands understood by nfsctl().\n"
1862 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* This is a server process. */\n"
1863 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* Add an NFS client. */\n"
1864 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* Remove an NFS client. */\n"
1865 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* Export a filesystem. */\n"
1866 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* Unexport a filesystem. */\n"
1867 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* Update a client's UID/GID map\n"
1868 " (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
1869 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* Get a file handle (used by mountd)\n"
1870 " (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
1873 " * nfsctl() によって理解されるコマンド\n"
1875 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* サーバープロセス */\n"
1876 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* NFS クライアントを追加 */\n"
1877 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* NFS クライアンドを削除 */\n"
1878 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* ファイルシステムのエクスポート */\n"
1879 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* ファイルシステムのアンエクスポート */\n"
1880 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* UID/GID マップの更新 */\n"
1881 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* (mountd で使用される) fh の取得 */\n"
1884 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:47
1887 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1888 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1890 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1891 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1892 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1893 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1894 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1895 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1899 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1900 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1902 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1903 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1904 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1905 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1906 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1907 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1912 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:52
1915 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1916 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1917 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1920 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1921 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1922 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1926 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105
1927 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:59
1929 "On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1932 "成功した場合は 0 が返される。エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
1936 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:60
1937 msgid "This call is Linux-specific."
1938 msgstr "このコールは Linux 特有である。"
1941 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1947 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1953 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31
1955 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1956 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - port I/O"
1958 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1959 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - ポート入出力"
1962 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:34
1964 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1965 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1968 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:41
1971 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1972 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1973 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1974 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1975 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1976 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1978 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1979 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1980 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1981 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1982 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1983 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1986 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:48
1989 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1990 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1991 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1992 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1993 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1994 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1996 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1997 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1998 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1999 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2000 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2001 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2004 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:61
2007 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2008 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2009 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2010 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2011 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2012 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2013 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2014 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2015 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2016 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2017 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2018 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2020 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2021 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2022 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2023 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2024 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2025 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2026 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2027 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2028 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2029 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2030 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2031 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2034 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:67
2036 "This family of functions is used to do low-level port input and output. The "
2037 "out* functions do port output, the in* functions do port input; the b-suffix "
2038 "functions are byte-width and the w-suffix functions word-width; the _p-"
2039 "suffix functions pause until the I/O completes."
2041 "この一連の関数はポートに対する低レベルの入出力に使用する。 out* 関数はポート"
2042 "出力、in* 関数はポート入力を行う。 語尾に b がついている関数はバイト単位、w "
2043 "がついている関数はワード単位である。 _p がついている関数は I/O が終了するまで"
2046 #. , given the following information
2047 #. in addition to that given in
2050 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:73
2052 "They are primarily designed for internal kernel use, but can be used from "
2055 "これらの関数はもともとカーネル内部での使用を想定して設計されているが、 ユー"
2059 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:78
2061 "You must compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined "
2062 "as inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization "
2063 "enabled, causing unresolved references at link time."
2065 "B<-O> や B<-O2> などを指定してコンパイルしなければならない。 これらの関数はイ"
2066 "ンライン・マクロとして定義されており、 最適化を行わないと関数の展開が行われ"
2067 "ず、 リンクの時に「解決できない参照(unresolved reference)」が発生する。"
2070 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:87
2072 "You use B<ioperm>(2) or alternatively B<iopl>(2) to tell the kernel to "
2073 "allow the user space application to access the I/O ports in question. "
2074 "Failure to do this will cause the application to receive a segmentation "
2077 "ユーザー空間のアプリケーションが I/O ポートにアクセスすることを カーネルに教"
2078 "えるために B<ioperm>(2) もしくは B<iopl>(2) を使用すること。これを忘れると"
2079 "アプリケーションはセグメンテーション違反 (segmentation fault) を受けとること"
2083 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96
2085 "B<outb>() and friends are hardware-specific. The I<value> argument is "
2086 "passed first and the I<port> argument is passed second, which is the "
2087 "opposite order from most DOS implementations."
2089 "B<outb>() とその仲間はハードウェア特有である。 I<value> 引数が最初に渡さ"
2090 "れ、 I<port> 引数が二番目に渡される。 この順序はほとんどの DOS での実装とは逆"
2094 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99
2095 msgid "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2096 msgstr "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2099 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2101 msgid "PCICONFIG_READ"
2102 msgstr "PCICONFIG_READ"
2105 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2111 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
2113 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci device information "
2116 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci デバイス情報を扱う"
2119 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:14
2121 msgid "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2122 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2125 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:21
2128 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2129 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2130 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2131 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2132 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2133 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2135 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2136 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2137 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2138 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2139 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2140 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2143 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27
2145 "Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the kernel "
2146 "PCI layer, and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed from "
2149 "PCI デバイスとのやり取り (interaction) は カーネル PCI レイヤですでに処理され"
2150 "ているので、 通常はこららの関数をユーザ空間からアクセスする必要はない。"
2153 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:51
2155 msgid "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2156 msgstr "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2159 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36
2160 msgid "Reads to I<buf> from device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2161 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> の値を I<buf> に読み込む。"
2164 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57
2166 msgid "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2167 msgstr "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2170 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45
2171 msgid "Writes from I<buf> to device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2172 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> に I<buf> の値を書き込む。"
2175 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2177 msgid "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2178 msgstr "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2181 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50
2183 "You pass it a bus/devfn pair and get a physical address for either the "
2184 "memory offset (for things like prep, this is 0xc0000000), the IO base for "
2185 "PIO cycles, or the ISA holes if any."
2187 "bus/devfn ペアをこの関数に渡し、 メモリオフセット (prep のようなものでは、こ"
2188 "の値は 0xc0000000 である) と PIO サイクルの IO ベースの物理アドレスを取得す"
2189 "る。 また、もしあるならば ISA hole の物理アドレスを取得する。"
2192 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2194 "On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
2197 "成功した場合、0 が返される。 エラーの場合、-1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
2201 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
2203 "Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory "
2204 "according to the I<which> value. Values for I<which> are: "
2205 "B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, "
2206 "B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM>."
2208 "I<which> の値に基づいて、物理メモリ内の様々な I/O 領域の位置情報が返される。 "
2209 "I<which> の値は、 B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, "
2210 "B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM> である。"
2213 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
2214 msgid "I<len> value is invalid. This does not apply to B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2216 "I<len> の値が無効である。 このエラーは B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されな"
2220 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1819
2221 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
2227 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
2232 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
2238 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93
2240 "For B<pciconfig_iobase>(), \"hose\" value is NULL. For the other calls, "
2241 "could not find a slot."
2243 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() の場合、でホース (hose) の値が NULL である。 他の呼び"
2244 "出しの場合、スロット (slot) が見つからない。"
2247 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
2248 msgid "The system has not implemented these calls (B<CONFIG_PCI> not defined)."
2250 "このシステムはこれらの呼び出しを実装していない。 (B<CONFIG_PCI> が定義されて"
2254 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
2256 msgid "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2257 msgstr "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2260 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105
2262 "This return value is valid only for B<pciconfig_iobase>(). It is returned "
2263 "if the value for I<which> is invalid."
2265 "この返り値は B<pciconfig_iobase>() でのみ有効である。 このエラーは I<which> "
2269 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112
2271 "User does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability. This does not apply to "
2272 "B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2274 "ユーザが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> 権限を持っていない。 このエラーは "
2275 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されない。"
2278 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
2279 msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
2281 "これらの呼び出しは Linux 特有のものであり、 Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11 から使用可能"
2285 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:116
2286 msgid "B<capabilities>(7)"
2287 msgstr "B<capabilities>(7)"
2290 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2292 msgid "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2293 msgstr "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2296 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2298 #| msgid "2013-02-13"
2303 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30
2304 msgid "perf_event_open - set up performance monitoring"
2308 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:34
2311 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2312 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2314 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2315 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2318 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:38
2321 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2322 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2323 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2325 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2326 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2327 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2330 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:47
2332 "Given a list of parameters, B<perf_event_open>() returns a file descriptor, "
2333 "for use in subsequent system calls (B<read>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<prctl>(2), "
2334 "B<fcntl>(2), etc.)."
2338 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:55
2340 "A call to B<perf_event_open>() creates a file descriptor that allows "
2341 "measuring performance information. Each file descriptor corresponds to one "
2342 "event that is measured; these can be grouped together to measure multiple "
2343 "events simultaneously."
2347 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:62
2349 "Events can be enabled and disabled in two ways: via B<ioctl>(2) and via "
2350 "B<prctl>(2)B<.> When an event is disabled it does not count or generate "
2351 "overflows but does continue to exist and maintain its count value."
2355 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2357 "Events come in two flavors: counting and sampled. A I<counting> event is "
2358 "one that is used for counting the aggregate number of events that occur. In "
2359 "general, counting event results are gathered with a B<read>(2) call. A "
2360 "I<sampling> event periodically writes measurements to a buffer that can then "
2361 "be accessed via B<mmap>(2)B<.>"
2365 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2371 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
2373 "The argument I<pid> allows events to be attached to processes in various "
2374 "ways. If I<pid> is 0, measurements happen on the current thread, if I<pid> "
2375 "is greater than 0, the process indicated by I<pid> is measured, and if "
2376 "I<pid> is -1, all processes are counted."
2380 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:101
2382 "The I<cpu> argument allows measurements to be specific to a CPU. If I<cpu> "
2383 "is greater than or equal to 0, measurements are restricted to the specified "
2384 "CPU; if I<cpu> is -1, the events are measured on all CPUs."
2388 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:107
2390 "Note that the combination of I<pid> == -1 and I<cpu> == -1 is not valid."
2394 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:115
2396 "A I<pid> E<gt> 0 and I<cpu> == -1 setting measures per-process and follows "
2397 "that process to whatever CPU the process gets scheduled to. Per-process "
2398 "events can be created by any user."
2402 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:126
2404 "A I<pid> == -1 and I<cpu> E<gt>= 0 setting is per-CPU and measures all "
2405 "processes on the specified CPU. Per-CPU events need the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> "
2406 "capability or a I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid> value of less than 1."
2410 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:148
2412 "The I<group_fd> argument allows event groups to be created. An event group "
2413 "has one event which is the group leader. The leader is created first, with "
2414 "I<group_fd> = -1. The rest of the group members are created with subsequent "
2415 "B<perf_event_open>() calls with I<group_fd> being set to the fd of the "
2416 "group leader. (A single event on its own is created with I<group_fd> = -1 "
2417 "and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.) An event group is "
2418 "scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will be put onto the CPU only if all of "
2419 "the events in the group can be put onto the CPU. This means that the values "
2420 "of the member events can be meaningfully compared, added, divided (to get "
2421 "ratios), etc., with each other, since they have counted events for the same "
2422 "set of executed instructions."
2426 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:152
2429 #| "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together "
2430 #| "zero or more of the following values:"
2432 "The I<flags> argument is formed by ORing together zero or more of the "
2435 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
2438 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:152
2440 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
2443 #. FIXME The following sentence is unclear
2444 #. FIXME So, why is it useful?
2446 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
2448 "This flag allows creating an event as part of an event group but having no "
2449 "group leader. It is unclear why this is useful."
2453 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
2455 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT>"
2459 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:162
2460 msgid "This flag re-routes the output from an event to the group leader."
2464 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:162
2466 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
2467 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (Since Linux 2.6.39)."
2468 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
2471 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:185
2473 "This flag activates per-container system-wide monitoring. A container is an "
2474 "abstraction that isolates a set of resources for finer grain control (CPUs, "
2475 "memory, etc.). In this mode, the event is measured only if the thread "
2476 "running on the monitored CPU belongs to the designated container (cgroup). "
2477 "The cgroup is identified by passing a file descriptor opened on its "
2478 "directory in the cgroupfs filesystem. For instance, if the cgroup to "
2479 "monitor is called I<test>, then a file descriptor opened on I</dev/cgroup/"
2480 "test> (assuming cgroupfs is mounted on I</dev/cgroup>) must be passed as "
2481 "the I<pid> parameter. cgroup monitoring is available only for system-wide "
2482 "events and may therefore require extra permissions."
2486 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:190
2488 "The I<perf_event_attr> structure provides detailed configuration information "
2489 "for the event being created."
2493 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:197
2496 "struct perf_event_attr {\n"
2497 " __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
2498 " __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
2499 " __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
2503 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:202
2507 " __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
2508 " __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
2513 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:205
2516 " __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
2517 " __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
2521 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:231
2524 " __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
2525 " inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
2526 " pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
2527 " exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
2528 " exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
2529 " exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
2530 " exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
2531 " exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
2532 " mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
2533 " comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
2534 " freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
2535 " inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
2536 " enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
2537 " task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
2538 " watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
2539 " precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
2540 " mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
2541 " sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
2542 " exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
2543 " exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
2544 " exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
2545 " /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
2546 " exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
2547 "\t /* exclude user callchains */\n"
2548 " __reserved_1 : 41;\n"
2552 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:236
2556 " __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
2557 " __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
2562 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:238
2564 msgid " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
2568 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:243
2572 " __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
2573 " __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
2578 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:253
2582 " __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
2583 " __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
2585 " __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
2586 " __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
2587 " __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
2589 " __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
2593 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:255
2599 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:261
2601 "The fields of the I<perf_event_attr> structure are described in more detail "
2606 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:261 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1379
2612 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:265
2614 "This field specifies the overall event type. It has one of the following "
2619 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:266
2621 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
2625 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
2627 "This indicates one of the \"generalized\" hardware events provided by the "
2628 "kernel. See the I<config> field definition for more details."
2632 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
2634 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
2638 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:277
2640 "This indicates one of the software-defined events provided by the kernel "
2641 "(even if no hardware support is available)."
2645 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:277
2647 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2648 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2651 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:281
2653 "This indicates a tracepoint provided by the kernel tracepoint infrastructure."
2657 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:281
2659 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
2663 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
2665 "This indicates a hardware cache event. This has a special encoding, "
2666 "described in the I<config> field definition."
2670 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
2672 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
2676 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:291
2678 "This indicates a \"raw\" implementation-specific event in the I<config> "
2683 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:291
2685 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
2686 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
2689 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
2691 "This indicates a hardware breakpoint as provided by the CPU. Breakpoints "
2692 "can be read/write accesses to an address as well as execution of an "
2693 "instruction address."
2697 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
2703 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:315
2705 "Since Linux 2.6.39, B<perf_event_open>() can support multiple PMUs. To "
2706 "enable this, a value exported by the kernel can be used in the I<type> field "
2707 "to indicate which PMU to use. The value to use can be found in the sysfs "
2708 "filesystem: there is a subdirectory per PMU instance under I</sys/bus/"
2709 "event_source/devices>. In each sub-directory there is a I<type> file whose "
2710 "content is an integer that can be used in the I<type> field. For instance, "
2711 "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/type> contains the value for the core "
2712 "CPU PMU, which is usually 4."
2716 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:316 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1327
2722 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:325
2724 "The size of the I<perf_event_attr> structure for forward/backward "
2725 "compatibility. Set this using I<sizeof(struct perf_event_attr)> to allow "
2726 "the kernel to see the struct size at the time of compilation."
2730 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:340
2732 "The related define B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0> is set to 64; this was the size of "
2733 "the first published struct. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER1> is 72, corresponding to "
2734 "the addition of breakpoints in Linux 2.6.33. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2> is 80 "
2735 "corresponding to the addition of branch sampling in Linux 3.4. "
2736 "B<PERF_ATR_SIZE_VER3> is 96 corresponding to the addition of "
2737 "I<sample_regs_user> and I<sample_stack_user> in Linux 3.7."
2741 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:340
2747 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:351
2749 "This specifies which event you want, in conjunction with the I<type> field. "
2750 "The I<config1> and I<config2> fields are also taken into account in cases "
2751 "where 64 bits is not enough to fully specify the event. The encoding of "
2752 "these fields are event dependent."
2756 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:357
2758 "The most significant bit (bit 63) of I<config> signifies CPU-specific (raw) "
2759 "counter configuration data; if the most significant bit is unset, the next 7 "
2760 "bits are an event type and the rest of the bits are the event identifier."
2764 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:368
2766 "There are various ways to set the I<config> field that are dependent on the "
2767 "value of the previously described I<type> field. What follows are various "
2768 "possible settings for I<config> separated out by I<type>."
2772 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:378
2774 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>, we are measuring one of the generalized "
2775 "hardware CPU events. Not all of these are available on all platforms. Set "
2776 "I<config> to one of the following:"
2780 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:379
2782 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
2786 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
2787 msgid "Total cycles. Be wary of what happens during CPU frequency scaling."
2791 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
2793 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2797 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
2799 "Retired instructions. Be careful, these can be affected by various issues, "
2800 "most notably hardware interrupt counts."
2804 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
2806 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
2810 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2812 "Cache accesses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache accesses but this "
2813 "may vary depending on your CPU. This may include prefetches and coherency "
2814 "messages; again this depends on the design of your CPU."
2818 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2820 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
2824 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
2826 "Cache misses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache misses; this is "
2827 "intended to be used in conjunction with the "
2828 "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES> event to calculate cache miss rates."
2832 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
2834 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2838 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
2840 "Retired branch instructions. Prior to Linux 2.6.34, this used the wrong "
2841 "event on AMD processors."
2845 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
2847 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
2851 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2852 msgid "Mispredicted branch instructions."
2856 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2858 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
2862 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2863 msgid "Bus cycles, which can be different from total cycles."
2867 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2869 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Since Linux 3.0)"
2870 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
2873 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2874 msgid "Stalled cycles during issue."
2878 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2880 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (Since Linux 3.0)"
2884 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
2885 msgid "Stalled cycles during retirement."
2889 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
2891 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (Since Linux 3.3)"
2892 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (Linux 3.3 以降)"
2895 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:422
2896 msgid "Total cycles; not affected by CPU frequency scaling."
2900 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:432
2902 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>, we are measuring software events "
2903 "provided by the kernel. Set I<config> to one of the following:"
2907 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:433
2909 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
2913 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:436
2914 msgid "This reports the CPU clock, a high-resolution per-CPU timer."
2918 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:436
2920 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
2924 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
2925 msgid "This reports a clock count specific to the task that is running."
2929 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
2931 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
2935 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
2936 msgid "This reports the number of page faults."
2940 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
2942 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
2946 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
2948 "This counts context switches. Until Linux 2.6.34, these were all reported "
2949 "as user-space events, after that they are reported as happening in the "
2954 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
2956 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
2960 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:451
2961 msgid "This reports the number of times the process has migrated to a new CPU."
2965 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:451
2967 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
2971 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:455
2973 "This counts the number of minor page faults. These did not require disk I/O "
2978 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:455
2980 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
2984 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
2986 "This counts the number of major page faults. These required disk I/O to "
2991 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
2993 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
2994 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
2997 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:465
2999 "This counts the number of alignment faults. These happen when unaligned "
3000 "memory accesses happen; the kernel can handle these but it reduces "
3001 "performance. This happens only on some architectures (never on x86)."
3005 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:465
3007 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3008 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3011 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:471
3013 "This counts the number of emulation faults. The kernel sometimes traps on "
3014 "unimplemented instructions and emulates them for user space. This can "
3015 "negatively impact performance."
3019 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:484
3021 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>, then we are measuring kernel "
3022 "tracepoints. The value to use in I<config> can be obtained from under "
3023 "debugfs I<tracing/events/*/*/id> if ftrace is enabled in the kernel."
3027 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:495
3029 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>, then we are measuring a hardware CPU "
3030 "cache event. To calculate the appropriate I<config> value use the following "
3035 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:500
3038 " (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
3039 " (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
3043 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:505
3044 msgid "where I<perf_hw_cache_id> is one of:"
3048 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:506
3050 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
3054 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:509
3055 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Data Cache"
3059 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:509
3061 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
3065 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:512
3066 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Instruction Cache"
3070 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:512
3072 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
3076 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:515
3077 msgid "for measuring Last-Level Cache"
3081 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:515
3083 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
3087 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:518
3088 msgid "for measuring the Data TLB"
3092 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:518
3094 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
3098 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:521
3099 msgid "for measuring the Instruction TLB"
3103 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:521
3105 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
3109 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:524
3110 msgid "for measuring the branch prediction unit"
3114 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:524
3116 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Since Linux 3.0)"
3117 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
3120 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:527
3121 msgid "for measuring local memory accesses"
3125 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:532
3126 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_id> is one of"
3130 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:533
3132 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
3136 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:536
3137 msgid "for read accesses"
3141 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:536
3143 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
3147 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:539
3148 msgid "for write accesses"
3152 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:539
3154 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
3158 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:542
3159 msgid "for prefetch accesses"
3163 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:547
3164 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_result_id> is one of"
3168 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:548
3170 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
3174 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:551
3175 msgid "to measure accesses"
3179 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:551
3181 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
3185 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:554
3186 msgid "to measure misses"
3190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:572
3192 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>, then a custom \"raw\" I<config> value is "
3193 "needed. Most CPUs support events that are not covered by the \"generalized"
3194 "\" events. These are implementation defined; see your CPU manual (for "
3195 "example the Intel Volume 3B documentation or the AMD BIOS and Kernel "
3196 "Developer Guide). The libpfm4 library can be used to translate from the "
3197 "name in the architectural manuals to the raw hex value B<perf_event_open>() "
3198 "expects in this field."
3202 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:581
3204 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>, then leave I<config> set to zero. "
3205 "Its parameters are set in other places."
3209 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:582
3211 msgid "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
3215 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:594
3217 "A \"sampling\" counter is one that generates an interrupt every N events, "
3218 "where N is given by I<sample_period>. A sampling counter has "
3219 "I<sample_period> E<gt> 0. When an overflow interrupt occurs, requested data "
3220 "is recorded in the mmap buffer. The I<sample_type> field controls what data "
3221 "is recorded on each interrupt."
3225 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:604
3227 "I<sample_freq> can be used if you wish to use frequency rather than period. "
3228 "In this case you set the I<freq> flag. The kernel will adjust the sampling "
3229 "period to try and achieve the desired rate. The rate of adjustment is a "
3234 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:604
3236 msgid "I<sample_type>"
3240 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:616
3242 "The various bits in this field specify which values to include in the "
3243 "sample. They will be recorded in a ring-buffer, which is available to user "
3244 "space using B<mmap>(2). The order in which the values are saved in the "
3245 "sample are documented in the MMAP Layout subsection below; it is not the "
3246 "I<enum perf_event_sample_format> order."
3250 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:617
3252 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
3256 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:620
3257 msgid "Records instruction pointer."
3261 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:620
3263 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
3267 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:623
3268 msgid "Records the process and thread IDs."
3272 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:623
3274 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
3278 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:626
3279 msgid "Records a timestamp."
3283 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:626
3285 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
3289 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:629
3290 msgid "Records an address, if applicable."
3294 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:629
3296 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
3300 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:632
3302 "Record counter values for all events in a group, not just the group leader."
3306 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:632
3308 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
3312 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:635
3313 msgid "Records the callchain (stack backtrace)."
3317 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:635
3319 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
3323 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:638
3324 msgid "Records a unique ID for the opened event's group leader."
3328 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:638
3330 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
3334 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
3335 msgid "Records CPU number."
3339 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
3341 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
3345 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:644
3346 msgid "Records the current sampling period."
3350 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:644
3352 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
3356 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
3358 "Records a unique ID for the opened event. Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the "
3359 "actual ID is returned, not the group leader. This ID is the same as the one "
3360 "returned by PERF_FORMAT_ID."
3364 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
3366 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
3370 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:655
3372 "Records additional data, if applicable. Usually returned by tracepoint "
3377 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:655
3379 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Since Linux 3.4)"
3380 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
3383 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:660
3385 "This provides a record of recent branches, as provided by CPU branch "
3386 "sampling hardware (such as Intel Last Branch Record). Not all hardware "
3387 "supports this feature."
3391 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:664
3393 "See the I<branch_sample_type> field for how to filter which branches are "
3398 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:664
3400 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3401 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
3404 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:668
3406 "Records the current user-level CPU register state (the values in the process "
3407 "before the kernel was called)."
3411 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:668
3413 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3414 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
3417 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:671
3418 msgid "Records the user level stack, allowing stack unwinding."
3422 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:671
3424 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (Since Linux 3.10)"
3425 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3428 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:677
3430 "Records a hardware provided weight value that expresses how costly the "
3431 "sampled event was. This allows the hardware to highlight expensive events "
3436 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:677
3438 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (Since Linux 3.10)"
3439 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3442 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:683
3444 "Records the data source: where in the memory hierarchy the data associated "
3445 "with the sampled instruction came from. This is only available if the "
3446 "underlying hardware supports this feature."
3450 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:684
3452 msgid "I<read_format>"
3456 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:691
3458 "This field specifies the format of the data returned by B<read>(2) on a "
3459 "B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor."
3463 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:692
3465 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
3469 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:699
3471 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_enabled> field. This can be used to calculate "
3472 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3476 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:699
3478 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
3482 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:706
3484 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_running> field. This can be used to calculate "
3485 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3489 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:706
3491 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
3495 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:709
3496 msgid "Adds a 64-bit unique value that corresponds to the event group."
3500 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:709
3502 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
3506 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:712
3507 msgid "Allows all counter values in an event group to be read with one read."
3511 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:713
3517 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:723
3519 "The I<disabled> bit specifies whether the counter starts out disabled or "
3520 "enabled. If disabled, the event can later be enabled by B<ioctl>(2), "
3521 "B<prctl>(2), or I<enable_on_exec>."
3525 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:723
3531 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:732
3533 "The I<inherit> bit specifies that this counter should count events of child "
3534 "tasks as well as the task specified. This applies only to new children, not "
3535 "to any existing children at the time the counter is created (nor to any new "
3536 "children of existing children)."
3540 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:737
3542 "Inherit does not work for some combinations of I<read_format>s, such as "
3543 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>."
3547 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:737
3553 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:750
3555 "The I<pinned> bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if "
3556 "at all possible. It applies only to hardware counters and only to group "
3557 "leaders. If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because "
3558 "there are not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some "
3559 "other event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads "
3560 "return end-of-file (i.e., B<read>(2) returns 0) until the counter is "
3561 "subsequently enabled or disabled."
3565 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:750
3567 msgid "I<exclusive>"
3571 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:759
3573 "The I<exclusive> bit specifies that when this counter's group is on the CPU, "
3574 "it should be the only group using the CPU's counters. In the future this "
3575 "may allow monitoring programs to support PMU features that need to run alone "
3576 "so that they do not disrupt other hardware counters."
3580 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:759
3582 msgid "I<exclude_user>"
3586 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:762
3588 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in user space."
3592 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:762
3594 msgid "I<exclude_kernel>"
3598 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:765
3600 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in kernel-space."
3604 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:765
3606 msgid "I<exclude_hv>"
3610 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:773
3612 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in the "
3613 "hypervisor. This is mainly for PMUs that have built-in support for handling "
3614 "this (such as POWER). Extra support is needed for handling hypervisor "
3615 "measurements on most machines."
3619 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:773
3621 msgid "I<exclude_idle>"
3625 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:776
3626 msgid "If set, don't count when the CPU is idle."
3630 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:776
3636 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:781
3637 msgid "The I<mmap> bit enables recording of exec mmap events."
3641 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:781
3647 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:792
3649 "The I<comm> bit enables tracking of process command name as modified by the "
3650 "I<exec>(2) and I<prctl>(PR_SET_NAME) system calls. Unfortunately for "
3651 "tools, there is no way to distinguish one system call versus the other."
3655 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:792
3661 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:799
3663 "If this bit is set, then I<sample_frequency> not I<sample_period> is used "
3664 "when setting up the sampling interval."
3668 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:799
3670 msgid "I<inherit_stat>"
3674 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:806
3676 "This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for inherited "
3677 "tasks. This is meaningful only if the I<inherit> field is set."
3681 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:806
3683 msgid "I<enable_on_exec>"
3687 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:811
3689 "If this bit is set, a counter is automatically enabled after a call to "
3694 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:811
3700 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:815
3702 "If this bit is set, then fork/exit notifications are included in the ring "
3707 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:815
3709 msgid "I<watermark>"
3713 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:823
3715 "If set, have a sampling interrupt happen when we cross the "
3716 "I<wakeup_watermark> boundary. Otherwise interrupts happen after "
3717 "I<wakeup_events> samples."
3721 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:823
3723 msgid "I<precise_ip> (Since Linux 2.6.35)"
3724 msgstr "I<precise_ip> (Linux 2.6.35 以降)"
3727 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:833
3729 "This controls the amount of skid. Skid is how many instructions execute "
3730 "between an event of interest happening and the kernel being able to stop and "
3731 "record the event. Smaller skid is better and allows more accurate reporting "
3732 "of which events correspond to which instructions, but hardware is often "
3733 "limited with how small this can be."
3737 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:835
3739 #| msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
3740 msgid "The values of this are the following:"
3741 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
3744 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:836
3750 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:840
3751 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> can have arbitrary skid."
3755 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:840
3761 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:844
3762 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have constant skid."
3766 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:844
3772 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:848
3773 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> requested to have 0 skid."
3777 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:848
3783 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:854
3784 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have 0 skid. See also B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>."
3788 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:855
3790 msgid "I<mmap_data> (Since Linux 2.6.36)"
3791 msgstr "I<mmap_data> (Linux 2.6.36 以降)"
3794 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:861
3796 "The counterpart of the I<mmap> field, but enables including data mmap events "
3797 "in the ring-buffer."
3801 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:861
3803 msgid "I<sample_id_all> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
3804 msgstr "I<sample_id_all> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
3807 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:869
3809 "If set, then TID, TIME, ID, CPU, and STREAM_ID can additionally be included "
3810 "in non-B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>s if the corresponding I<sample_type> is "
3815 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:869
3817 msgid "I<exclude_host> (Since Linux 3.2)"
3821 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:872
3822 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM host."
3826 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:872
3828 msgid "I<exclude_guest> (Since Linux 3.2)"
3832 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:875
3833 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM guest."
3837 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:875
3839 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3843 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:878
3844 msgid "Do not include kernel callchains."
3848 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:878
3850 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3854 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:881
3855 msgid "Do not include user callchains."
3859 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:881
3861 msgid "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
3865 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:891
3867 "This union sets how many samples (I<wakeup_events>) or bytes "
3868 "(I<wakeup_watermark>) happen before an overflow signal happens. Which one "
3869 "is used is selected by the I<watermark> bitflag."
3873 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:901
3875 "I<wakeup_events> only counts B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> record types. To receive "
3876 "a signal for every incoming B<PERF_RECORD> type set I<wakeup_watermark> to 1."
3880 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:901
3882 msgid "I<bp_type> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3883 msgstr "I<bp_type> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3886 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:905
3887 msgid "This chooses the breakpoint type. It is one of:"
3891 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:906
3893 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
3897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:909
3898 msgid "No breakpoint."
3902 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:909
3904 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
3908 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:912
3909 msgid "Count when we read the memory location."
3913 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:912
3915 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
3919 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:915
3920 msgid "Count when we write the memory location."
3924 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:915
3926 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
3930 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:918
3932 #| msgid "Cannot read or write the quota file."
3933 msgid "Count when we read or write the memory location."
3934 msgstr "quota ファイルへの読み書きが出来ない。"
3937 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:918
3939 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
3943 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:921
3944 msgid "Count when we execute code at the memory location."
3948 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:930
3950 "The values can be combined via a bitwise or, but the combination of "
3951 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R> or B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W> with B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X> is not "
3956 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:931
3958 msgid "I<bp_addr> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3959 msgstr "I<bp_addr> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3962 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:938
3964 "I<bp_addr> address of the breakpoint. For execution breakpoints this is the "
3965 "memory address of the instruction of interest; for read and write "
3966 "breakpoints it is the memory address of the memory location of interest."
3970 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:938
3972 msgid "I<config1> (Since Linux 2.6.39)"
3973 msgstr "I<config1> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)"
3976 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:945
3978 "I<config1> is used for setting events that need an extra register or "
3979 "otherwise do not fit in the regular config field. Raw OFFCORE_EVENTS on "
3980 "Nehalem/Westmere/SandyBridge use this field on 3.3 and later kernels."
3984 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:945
3986 msgid "I<bp_len> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3987 msgstr "I<bp_len> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3990 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:959
3992 "I<bp_len> is the length of the breakpoint being measured if I<type> is "
3993 "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>. Options are B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1>, "
3994 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_8>. For "
3995 "an execution breakpoint, set this to I<sizeof(long)>."
3999 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:959
4001 msgid "I<config2> (Since Linux 2.6.39)"
4002 msgstr "I<config2> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)"
4005 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:966
4006 msgid "I<config2> is a further extension of the I<config1> field."
4010 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:966
4012 msgid "I<branch_sample_type> (Since Linux 3.4)"
4016 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:972
4018 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then this specifies what branches "
4019 "to include in the branch record."
4023 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:978
4025 "The first part of the value is the privilege level, which is a combination "
4026 "of one of the following values. If the user does not set privilege level "
4027 "explicitly, the kernel will use the event's privilege level. Event and "
4028 "branch privilege levels do not have to match."
4032 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:979
4034 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER>"
4038 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:982
4039 msgid "Branch target is in user space."
4043 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:982
4045 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL>"
4049 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:985
4050 msgid "Branch target is in kernel space."
4054 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:985
4056 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV>"
4060 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:988
4061 msgid "Branch target is in hypervisor."
4065 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:988
4067 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_PLM_ALL>"
4071 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:991
4072 msgid "A convenience value that is the three preceding values ORed together."
4076 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:995
4078 "In addition to the privilege value, at least one or more of the following "
4083 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:996
4085 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY>"
4089 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:999
4090 msgid "Any branch type."
4094 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:999
4096 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL>"
4100 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1002
4101 msgid "Any call branch."
4105 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1002
4107 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN>"
4111 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1005
4112 msgid "Any return branch."
4116 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1005
4118 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL>"
4122 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1008
4123 msgid "Indirect calls."
4127 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1008
4129 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Since Linux 3.4)"
4130 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ABORT_TX> (Since Linux 3.11)"
4131 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
4134 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1011
4135 msgid "Transactional memory aborts."
4139 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1011
4141 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Since Linux 3.4)"
4142 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IN_TX> (Since Linux 3.11)"
4143 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
4146 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1014
4147 msgid "Branch in transactional memory transaction."
4151 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1014
4153 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Since Linux 3.4)"
4154 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_TX> (Since Linux 3.11)"
4155 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
4158 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1017
4159 msgid "Branch not in transactional memory transaction."
4163 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1019
4165 msgid "I<sample_regs_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
4169 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1025
4171 "This bitmask defines the set of user CPU registers to dump on samples. The "
4172 "layout of the register mask is architecture specific and described in the "
4173 "kernel header I<arch/ARCH/include/uapi/asm/perf_regs.h>."
4177 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1025
4179 msgid "I<sample_stack_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
4183 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1030
4185 "This defines the size of the user stack to dump if B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> "
4190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1030
4192 msgid "Reading results"
4196 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1040
4198 "Once a B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor has been opened, the values of "
4199 "the events can be read from the file descriptor. The values that are there "
4200 "are specified by the I<read_format> field in the I<attr> structure at open "
4205 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1045
4207 "If you attempt to read into a buffer that is not big enough to hold the data "
4208 "B<ENOSPC> is returned"
4212 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1047
4213 msgid "Here is the layout of the data returned by a read:"
4217 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1047 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1065
4218 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1619 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1629
4219 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1637 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1643
4220 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1772
4226 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1051
4228 "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified to allow reading all events in a group "
4233 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1063
4236 "struct read_format {\n"
4237 " u64 nr; /* The number of events */\n"
4238 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4239 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4241 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4242 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4248 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1071
4249 msgid "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was I<not> specified:"
4253 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1080
4256 "struct read_format {\n"
4257 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4258 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4259 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4260 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4265 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1084
4266 msgid "The values read are as follows:"
4270 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1084
4276 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1090
4278 "The number of events in this file descriptor. Only available if "
4279 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified."
4283 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1090
4285 msgid "I<time_enabled>, I<time_running>"
4289 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1102
4291 "Total time the event was enabled and running. Normally these are the same. "
4292 "If more events are started than available counter slots on the PMU, then "
4293 "multiplexing happens and events run only part of the time. In that case the "
4294 "I<time_enabled> and I<time running> values can be used to scale an estimated "
4295 "value for the count."
4299 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1102
4305 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1105
4306 msgid "An unsigned 64-bit value containing the counter result."
4310 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1105 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1423
4311 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1560
4317 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1111
4319 "A globally unique value for this particular event, only there if "
4320 "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID> was specified in I<read_format>."
4324 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1111
4330 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1121
4332 "When using B<perf_event_open>() in sampled mode, asynchronous events (like "
4333 "counter overflow or B<PROT_EXEC> mmap tracking) are logged into a ring-"
4334 "buffer. This ring-buffer is created and accessed through B<mmap>(2)."
4338 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1127
4340 "The mmap size should be 1+2^n pages, where the first page is a metadata page "
4341 "(I<struct perf_event_mmap_page>) that contains various bits of information "
4342 "such as where the ring-buffer head is."
4346 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1130
4348 "Before kernel 2.6.39, there is a bug that means you must allocate a mmap "
4349 "ring buffer when sampling even if you do not plan to access it."
4353 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1132
4354 msgid "The structure of the first metadata mmap page is as follows:"
4358 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1156
4361 "struct perf_event_mmap_page {\n"
4362 " __u32 version; /* version number of this structure */\n"
4363 " __u32 compat_version; /* lowest version this is compat with */\n"
4364 " __u32 lock; /* seqlock for synchronization */\n"
4365 " __u32 index; /* hardware counter identifier */\n"
4366 " __s64 offset; /* add to hardware counter value */\n"
4367 " __u64 time_enabled; /* time event active */\n"
4368 " __u64 time_running; /* time event on CPU */\n"
4370 " __u64 capabilities;\n"
4371 " __u64 cap_usr_time : 1,\n"
4372 " cap_usr_rdpmc : 1,\n"
4374 " __u16 pmc_width;\n"
4375 " __u16 time_shift;\n"
4376 " __u32 time_mult;\n"
4377 " __u64 time_offset;\n"
4378 " __u64 __reserved[120]; /* Pad to 1k */\n"
4379 " __u64 data_head; /* head in the data section */\n"
4380 " __u64 data_tail; /* user-space written tail */\n"
4385 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1162
4387 "The following looks at the fields in the I<perf_event_mmap_page> structure "
4392 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1162
4398 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1165
4399 msgid "Version number of this structure."
4403 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1165
4405 msgid "I<compat_version>"
4409 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1168
4410 msgid "The lowest version this is compatible with."
4414 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1168
4420 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1171
4421 msgid "A seqlock for synchronization."
4425 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1171
4431 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1174
4432 msgid "A unique hardware counter identifier."
4436 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1174
4443 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1178
4444 msgid "Add this to hardware counter value??"
4448 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1178
4450 msgid "I<time_enabled>"
4454 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1181
4455 msgid "Time the event was active."
4459 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1181
4461 msgid "I<time_running>"
4465 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1184
4466 msgid "Time the event was running."
4470 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1184
4472 msgid "I<cap_usr_time>"
4476 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1187
4477 msgid "User time capability."
4481 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1187
4483 msgid "I<cap_usr_rdpmc>"
4487 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1192
4489 "If the hardware supports user-space read of performance counters without "
4490 "syscall (this is the \"rdpmc\" instruction on x86), then the following code "
4491 "can be used to do a read:"
4495 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1199
4498 "u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
4499 "u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
4500 "u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
4505 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1205
4509 " seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
4511 " enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
4512 " running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
4516 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1212
4519 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
4521 " time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
4522 " time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
4523 " time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
4528 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1215
4531 " idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
4532 " count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
4536 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1220
4539 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
4540 " width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
4541 " pmc = rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
4546 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1223
4550 "} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
4554 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1225
4556 msgid "I<pmc_width>"
4560 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1232
4562 "If I<cap_usr_rdpmc>, this field provides the bit-width of the value read "
4563 "using the rdpmc or equivalent instruction. This can be used to sign extend "
4568 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1238
4571 "pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
4572 "pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
4577 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1240
4579 msgid "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
4583 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1247
4585 "If I<cap_usr_time>, these fields can be used to compute the time delta since "
4586 "time_enabled (in nanoseconds) using rdtsc or similar."
4590 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1255
4595 " quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4596 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
4597 " delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
4598 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4602 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1267
4604 "Where I<time_offset>, I<time_mult>, I<time_shift>, and I<cyc> are read in "
4605 "the seqcount loop described above. This delta can then be added to enabled "
4606 "and possible running (if idx), improving the scaling:"
4610 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1275
4613 " enabled += delta;\n"
4615 " running += delta;\n"
4616 " quot = count / running;\n"
4617 " rem = count % running;\n"
4618 " count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
4622 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1276
4624 msgid "I<data_head>"
4628 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1282
4630 "This points to the head of the data section. The value continuously "
4631 "increases, it does not wrap. The value needs to be manually wrapped by the "
4632 "size of the mmap buffer before accessing the samples."
4636 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1285
4638 "On SMP-capable platforms, after reading the data_head value, user space "
4639 "should issue an rmb()."
4643 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1285
4645 msgid "I<data_tail;>"
4649 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1293
4651 "When the mapping is B<PROT_WRITE>, the I<data_tail> value should be written "
4652 "by user space to reflect the last read data. In this case the kernel will "
4653 "not over-write unread data."
4657 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1295
4658 msgid "The following 2^n ring-buffer pages have the layout described below."
4662 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1309
4664 "If I<perf_event_attr.sample_id_all> is set, then all event types will have "
4665 "the sample_type selected fields related to where/when (identity) an event "
4666 "took place (TID, TIME, ID, CPU, STREAM_ID) described in "
4667 "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> below, it will be stashed just after the "
4668 "I<perf_event_header> and the fields already present for the existing fields, "
4669 "that is, at the end of the payload. That way a newer perf.data file will be "
4670 "supported by older perf tools, with these new optional fields being ignored."
4674 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1311
4675 msgid "The mmap values start with a header:"
4679 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1319
4682 "struct perf_event_header {\n"
4690 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1327
4692 "Below, we describe the I<perf_event_header> fields in more detail. For ease "
4693 "of reading, the fields with shorter descriptions are presented first."
4697 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1330
4698 msgid "This indicates the size of the record."
4702 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1330
4708 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1335
4709 msgid "The I<misc> field contains additional information about the sample."
4713 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1340
4715 "The CPU mode can be determined from this value by masking with "
4716 "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_MASK> and looking for one of the following (note "
4717 "these are not bit masks, only one can be set at a time):"
4721 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1341
4723 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
4727 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1344
4728 msgid "Unknown CPU mode."
4732 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1344
4734 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
4738 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1347
4739 msgid "Sample happened in the kernel."
4743 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1347
4745 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
4749 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1350
4750 msgid "Sample happened in user code."
4754 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1350
4756 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
4760 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1353
4761 msgid "Sample happened in the hypervisor."
4765 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1353
4767 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL>"
4771 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1356
4772 msgid "Sample happened in the guest kernel."
4776 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1356
4778 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER>"
4782 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1359
4783 msgid "Sample happened in guest user code."
4787 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1363
4788 msgid "In addition, one of the following bits can be set:"
4792 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1363
4794 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA>"
4795 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA>"
4798 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1367
4800 "This is set when the mapping is not executable; otherwise the mapping is "
4805 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1367
4807 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
4811 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1375
4813 "This indicates that the content of B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> points to the actual "
4814 "instruction that triggered the event. See also I<perf_event_attr."
4819 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1375
4821 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED>"
4825 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1378
4826 msgid "This indicates there is extended data available (currently not used)."
4830 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1388
4832 "The I<type> value is one of the below. The values in the corresponding "
4833 "record (that follows the header) depend on the I<type> selected as shown."
4837 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1389
4839 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
4843 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1396
4845 "The MMAP events record the B<PROT_EXEC> mappings so that we can correlate "
4846 "user-space IPs to code. They have the following structure:"
4850 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1407
4854 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4859 " char filename[];\n"
4864 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1409
4866 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
4870 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1412
4871 msgid "This record indicates when events are lost."
4875 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1420
4879 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4886 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1426
4887 msgid "is the unique event ID for the samples that were lost."
4891 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1426
4897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1429
4899 #| msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
4900 msgid "is the number of events that were lost."
4901 msgstr "wake したプロセスの数を返す。"
4904 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1430
4906 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
4910 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1433
4911 msgid "This record indicates a change in the process name."
4915 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1441
4919 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4926 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1443
4928 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
4929 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
4932 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1446
4933 msgid "This record indicates a process exit event."
4937 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1455 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1483
4941 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4949 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1457
4951 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
4955 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1460
4956 msgid "This record indicates a throttle/unthrottle event."
4960 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1469
4964 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4972 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1471
4974 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
4975 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
4978 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1474
4979 msgid "This record indicates a fork event."
4983 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1485
4985 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
4989 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1488
4990 msgid "This record indicates a read event."
4994 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1496
4998 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5000 " struct read_format values;\n"
5005 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1498
5007 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
5011 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1501
5012 msgid "This record indicates a sample."
5016 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1531
5020 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5021 " u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
5022 " u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
5023 " u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
5024 " u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
5025 " u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
5026 " u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
5027 " u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
5028 " u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
5029 " struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
5030 " u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5031 " u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5032 " u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5033 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5034 " u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5035 " struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
5036 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5037 " u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5038 " u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
5039 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5040 " u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5041 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5042 " u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5043 " u64 weight; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT */\n"
5044 " u64 data_src; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC */\n"
5049 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1533
5055 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1539
5057 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> is enabled, then a 64-bit instruction pointer value is "
5062 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1539
5064 msgid "I<pid>, I<tid>"
5068 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1545
5070 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID> is enabled, then a 32-bit process ID and 32-bit thread "
5075 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1545
5081 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1553
5083 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME> is enabled, then a 64-bit timestamp is included. "
5084 "This is obtained via local_clock() which is a hardware timestamp if "
5085 "available and the jiffies value if not."
5089 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1553
5095 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1560
5097 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR> is enabled, then a 64-bit address is included. This "
5098 "is usually the address of a tracepoint, breakpoint, or software event; "
5099 "otherwise the value is 0."
5103 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1568
5105 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. If the "
5106 "event is a member of an event group, the group leader ID is returned. This "
5107 "ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
5111 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1568
5113 msgid "I<stream_id>"
5117 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1578
5119 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
5120 "Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the actual ID is returned, not the group leader. "
5121 "This ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
5125 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1578
5127 msgid "I<cpu>, I<res>"
5131 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1585
5133 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU> is enabled, this is a 32-bit value indicating which "
5134 "CPU was being used, in addition to a reserved (unused) 32-bit value."
5138 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1585
5144 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1591
5146 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD> is enabled, a 64-bit value indicating the current "
5147 "sampling period is written."
5151 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1591
5157 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1602
5159 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ> is enabled, a structure of type read_format is "
5160 "included which has values for all events in the event group. The values "
5161 "included depend on the I<read_format> value used at B<perf_event_open>() "
5166 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1602
5168 msgid "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
5172 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1610
5174 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN> is enabled, then a 64-bit number is included "
5175 "which indicates how many following 64-bit instruction pointers will follow. "
5176 "This is the current callchain."
5180 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1610
5182 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
5186 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1617
5188 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW> is enabled, then a 32-bit value indicating size is "
5189 "included followed by an array of 8-bit values of length size. The values "
5190 "are padded with 0 to have 64-bit alignment."
5194 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1622
5196 "This RAW record data is opaque with respect to the ABI. The ABI doesn't "
5197 "make any promises with respect to the stability of its content, it may vary "
5198 "depending on event, hardware, and kernel version."
5202 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1622
5204 msgid "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
5208 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1631
5210 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then a 64-bit value indicating "
5211 "the number of records is included, followed by I<bnr> I<perf_branch_entry> "
5212 "structures which each include the fields:"
5216 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1632
5222 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1635
5223 msgid "This indicates the source instruction (may not be a branch)."
5227 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1635
5233 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1638
5234 msgid "The branch target."
5238 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1638
5244 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1641
5245 msgid "The branch target was mispredicted."
5249 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1641
5251 msgid "I<predicted>"
5255 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1644
5256 msgid "The branch target was predicted."
5260 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1644
5262 #| msgid "I<bp_type> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
5263 msgid "I<in_tx> (Since Linux 3.11)"
5264 msgstr "I<bp_type> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
5267 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1647
5268 msgid "The branch was in a transactional memory transaction."
5272 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1647
5274 #| msgid "I<bp_type> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
5275 msgid "I<abort> (Since Linux 3.11)"
5276 msgstr "I<bp_type> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
5279 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1650
5280 msgid "The branch was in an aborted transactional memory transaction."
5284 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1654
5286 "The entries are from most to least recent, so the first entry has the most "
5291 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1661
5293 "Support for I<mispred> and I<predicted> is optional; if not supported, both "
5298 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1665
5300 "The type of branches recorded is specified by the I<branch_sample_type> "
5305 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1667
5307 msgid "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
5311 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1672
5313 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> is enabled, then the user CPU registers are "
5318 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1678
5320 "The I<abi> field is one of B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_NONE>, "
5321 "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_32> or B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_64>."
5325 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1688
5327 "The I<regs> field is an array of the CPU registers that were specified by "
5328 "the I<sample_regs_user> attr field. The number of values is the number of "
5329 "bits set in the I<sample_regs_user> bitmask."
5333 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1688
5335 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
5339 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1702
5341 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is enabled, then record the user stack to "
5342 "enable backtracing. I<size> is the size requested by the user in "
5343 "I<stack_user_size> or else the maximum record size. I<data> is the stack "
5344 "data. I<dyn_size> is the amount of data actually dumped (can be less than "
5349 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1702
5355 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1710
5357 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> is enabled, then a 64 bit value provided by the "
5358 "hardware is recorded that indicates how costly the event was. This allows "
5359 "expensive events to stand out more clearly in profiles."
5363 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1710
5369 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1716
5371 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> is enabled, then a 64 bit value is recorded that "
5372 "is made up of the following fields:"
5376 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1717
5382 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1720
5383 msgid "Type of opcode, a bitwise combination of:"
5387 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1723
5389 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5390 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_NA>"
5391 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5394 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1726 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1749
5395 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1799 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1822
5396 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1836
5397 msgid "Not available"
5401 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1726
5403 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
5404 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_LOAD>"
5405 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
5408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1729
5409 msgid "Load instruction"
5413 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1729
5415 #| msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
5416 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_STORE>"
5417 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
5420 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1732
5421 msgid "Store instruction"
5425 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1732
5427 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
5428 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_PFETCH>"
5429 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
5432 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1735
5437 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1735
5439 #| msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5440 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_EXEC>"
5441 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5444 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1738
5445 msgid "Executable code"
5449 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1740
5455 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1743
5456 msgid "Memory hierarchy level hit or miss, a bitwise combination of:"
5460 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1746
5462 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5463 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_NA>"
5464 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5467 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1749
5469 #| msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5470 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_HIT>"
5471 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5474 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1752 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1839
5479 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1752
5481 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5482 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_MISS>"
5483 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5486 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1755 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1842
5491 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1755
5493 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L1>"
5497 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1758
5498 msgid "Level 1 cache"
5502 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1758
5504 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LFB>"
5508 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1761
5509 msgid "Line fill buffer"
5513 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1761
5515 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L2>"
5519 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1764
5520 msgid "Level 2 cache"
5524 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1764
5526 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L3>"
5530 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1767
5531 msgid "Level 3 cache"
5535 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1767
5537 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5538 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LOC_RAM>"
5539 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5542 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1770
5547 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1770
5549 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM1>"
5553 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1773
5554 msgid "Remote DRAM 1 hop"
5558 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1773
5560 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM2>"
5564 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1776
5565 msgid "Remote DRAM 2 hops"
5569 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1776
5571 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE1>"
5575 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1779
5576 msgid "Remote cache 1 hop"
5580 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1779
5582 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE2>"
5586 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1782
5587 msgid "Remote cache 2 hops"
5591 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1782
5593 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5594 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_IO>"
5595 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5598 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1785
5600 #| msgid "I/O error."
5605 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1785
5607 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_UNC>"
5611 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1788
5612 msgid "Uncached memory"
5616 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1790
5618 msgid "I<mem_snoop>"
5622 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1793
5623 msgid "Snoop mode, a bitwise combination of:"
5627 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1796
5629 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5630 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NA>"
5631 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5634 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1799
5636 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5637 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NONE>"
5638 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5641 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1802
5646 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1802
5648 #| msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5649 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HIT>"
5650 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5653 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1805
5658 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1805
5660 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_MISS>"
5664 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1808
5669 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1808
5671 #| msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5672 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HITM>"
5673 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5676 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1811
5677 msgid "Snoop hit modified"
5681 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1813
5687 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1816
5688 msgid "Lock instruction, a bitwise combination of:"
5692 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1819
5694 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5695 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_NA>"
5696 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5699 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1822
5701 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5702 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_LOCKED>"
5703 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5706 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1825
5707 msgid "Locked transaction"
5711 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1827
5717 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1830
5718 msgid "TLB access hit or miss, a bitwise combination of:"
5722 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1833
5724 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5725 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_NA>"
5726 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5729 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1836
5731 #| msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5732 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_HIT>"
5733 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5736 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1839
5738 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5739 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_MISS>"
5740 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5743 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1842
5745 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L1>"
5749 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1845
5754 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1845
5756 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L2>"
5760 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1848
5765 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1848
5767 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_WK>"
5771 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1851
5772 msgid "Hardware walker"
5776 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1851
5778 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5779 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_OS>"
5780 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5783 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1854
5784 msgid "OS fault handler"
5788 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1860
5790 msgid "Signal overflow"
5794 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1869
5796 "Events can be set to deliver a signal when a threshold is crossed. The "
5797 "signal handler is set up using the B<poll>(2), B<select>(2), B<epoll>(2) "
5798 "and B<fcntl>(2), system calls."
5802 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1873
5804 "To generate signals, sampling must be enabled (I<sample_period> must have a "
5809 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1875
5810 msgid "There are two ways to generate signals."
5814 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1885
5816 "The first is to set a I<wakeup_events> or I<wakeup_watermark> value that "
5817 "will generate a signal if a certain number of samples or bytes have been "
5818 "written to the mmap ring buffer. In this case a signal of type B<POLL_IN> "
5823 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1897
5825 "The other way is by use of the B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH> ioctl. This ioctl "
5826 "adds to a counter that decrements each time the event overflows. When non-"
5827 "zero, a B<POLL_IN> signal is sent on overflow, but once the value reaches 0, "
5828 "a signal is sent of type B<POLL_HUP> and the underlying event is disabled."
5831 #. FIXME(Vince) : Find out when this was introduced
5833 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1903
5835 "Note: on newer kernels (definitely noticed with 3.2) a signal is provided "
5836 "for every overflow, even if I<wakeup_events> is not set."
5840 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1903
5842 msgid "rdpmc instruction"
5846 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1910
5848 "Starting with Linux 3.4 on x86, you can use the I<rdpmc> instruction to get "
5849 "low-latency reads without having to enter the kernel. Note that using "
5850 "I<rdpmc> is not necessarily faster than other methods for reading event "
5855 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1915
5857 "Support for this can be detected with the I<cap_usr_rdpmc> field in the mmap "
5858 "page; documentation on how to calculate event values can be found in that "
5863 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1915
5865 msgid "perf_event ioctl calls"
5869 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1920
5870 msgid "Various ioctls act on B<perf_event_open>() file descriptors"
5874 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1920
5876 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5877 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5880 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1924
5882 "Enables the individual event or event group specified by the file descriptor "
5887 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1930
5889 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
5890 "events in a group are enabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
5891 "leader (but see BUGS)."
5895 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1930
5897 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
5898 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
5901 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1934
5903 "Disables the individual counter or event group specified by the file "
5904 "descriptor argument."
5908 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1941
5910 "Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the entire "
5911 "group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the counters in "
5912 "the group will count. Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than "
5913 "the leader affects only that counter; disabling a non-leader stops that "
5914 "counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter."
5918 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1947
5920 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
5921 "events in a group are disabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
5922 "leader (but see BUGS)."
5926 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1947
5928 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
5929 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
5932 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1961
5934 "Non-inherited overflow counters can use this to enable a counter for a "
5935 "number of overflows specified by the argument, after which it is disabled. "
5936 "Subsequent calls of this ioctl add the argument value to the current count. "
5937 "A signal with B<POLL_IN> set will happen on each overflow until the count "
5938 "reaches 0; when that happens a signal with POLL_HUP set is sent and the "
5939 "event is disabled. Using an argument of 0 is considered undefined behavior."
5943 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1961
5945 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5946 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5949 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1971
5951 "Reset the event count specified by the file descriptor argument to zero. "
5952 "This resets only the counts; there is no way to reset the multiplexing "
5953 "I<time_enabled> or I<time_running> values."
5957 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1977
5959 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
5960 "events in a group are reset, even if the event specified is not the group "
5961 "leader (but see BUGS)."
5965 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1977
5967 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
5968 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
5971 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1981
5973 "IOC_PERIOD is the command to update the period; it does not update the "
5974 "current period but instead defers until next."
5978 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1984
5980 "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit value containing the desired new "
5985 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1984
5987 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT>"
5991 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1989
5993 "This tells the kernel to report event notifications to the specified file "
5994 "descriptor rather than the default one. The file descriptors must all be on "
5999 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1992
6001 "The argument specifies the desired file descriptor, or -1 if output should "
6006 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1992
6008 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
6009 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
6012 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1995
6013 msgid "This adds an ftrace filter to this event."
6017 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1997
6018 msgid "The argument is a pointer to the desired ftrace filter."
6022 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1997
6028 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2010
6030 "A process can enable or disable all the event groups that are attached to it "
6031 "using the B<prctl>(2) B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE> and "
6032 "B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE> operations. This applies to all counters on "
6033 "the current process, whether created by this process or by another, and does "
6034 "not affect any counters that this process has created on other processes. "
6035 "It enables or disables only the group leaders, not any other members in the "
6040 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2010
6042 msgid "perf_event related configuration files"
6046 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2013
6047 msgid "Files in I</proc/sys/kernel/>"
6051 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2014
6053 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid>"
6057 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2020
6059 "The I<perf_event_paranoid> file can be set to restrict access to the "
6060 "performance counters."
6064 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2021
6070 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2023
6071 msgid "only allow user-space measurements."
6075 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2023
6081 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2025
6082 msgid "allow both kernel and user measurements (default)."
6086 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2025
6092 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2027
6093 msgid "allow access to CPU-specific data but not raw tracepoint samples."
6097 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2027
6104 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2029
6105 msgid "no restrictions."
6109 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2035
6111 "The existence of the I<perf_event_paranoid> file is the official method for "
6112 "determining if a kernel supports B<perf_event_open>()."
6116 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2035
6118 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate>"
6122 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2044
6124 "This sets the maximum sample rate. Setting this too high can allow users to "
6125 "sample at a rate that impacts overall machine performance and potentially "
6126 "lock up the machine. The default value is 100000 (samples per second)."
6130 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2044
6132 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb>"
6136 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2049
6138 "Maximum number of pages an unprivileged user can mlock (2) . The default is "
6143 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2053
6144 msgid "Files in I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/>"
6148 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2059
6150 "Since Linux 2.6.34 the kernel supports having multiple PMUs available for "
6151 "monitoring. Information on how to program these PMUs can be found under I</"
6152 "sys/bus/event_source/devices/>. Each subdirectory corresponds to a "
6157 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2059
6159 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
6160 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
6163 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2064
6165 "This contains an integer that can be used in the I<type> field of "
6166 "perf_event_attr to indicate you wish to use this PMU."
6170 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2064
6172 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc> (Since Linux 3.4)"
6176 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2069
6178 "If this file is 1, then direct user-space access to the performance counter "
6179 "registers is allowed via the rdpmc instruction. This can be disabled by "
6180 "echoing 0 to the file."
6184 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2069
6186 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/> (Since Linux 3.4)"
6190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2075
6192 "This sub-directory contains information on the architecture-specific sub-"
6193 "fields available for programming the various I<config> fields in the "
6194 "perf_event_attr struct."
6198 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2085
6200 "The content of each file is the name of the config field, followed by a "
6201 "colon, followed by a series of integer bit ranges separated by commas. For "
6202 "example, the file I<event> may contain the value I<config1:1,6-10,44> which "
6203 "indicates that event is an attribute that occupies bits 1,6-10, and 44 of "
6204 "perf_event_attr::config1."
6208 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2085
6210 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/> (Since Linux 3.4)"
6214 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2094
6216 "This sub-directory contains files with pre-defined events. The contents are "
6217 "strings describing the event settings expressed in terms of the fields found "
6218 "in the previously mentioned I<./format/> directory. These are not "
6219 "necessarily complete lists of all events supported by a PMU, but usually a "
6220 "subset of events deemed useful or interesting."
6224 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2102
6226 "The content of each file is a list of attribute names separated by commas. "
6227 "Each entry has an optional value (either hex or decimal). If no value is "
6228 "specified than it is assumed to be a single-bit field with a value of 1. An "
6229 "example entry may look like this: I<event=0x2,inv,ldlat=3>."
6233 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2102
6235 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
6239 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2106
6241 "This file is the standard kernel device interface for injecting hotplug "
6246 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2106
6248 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/cpumask> (Since Linux 3.7)"
6252 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2115
6254 "The I<cpumask> file contains a comma-separated list of integers that "
6255 "indicate a representative CPU number for each socket (package) on the "
6256 "motherboard. This is needed when setting up uncore or northbridge events, "
6257 "as those PMUs present socket-wide events."
6261 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2122
6263 "B<perf_event_open>() returns the new file descriptor, or -1 if an error "
6264 "occurred (in which case, I<errno> is set appropriately)."
6268 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2126
6269 msgid "Returned if the specified event is not available."
6273 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2126
6279 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2136
6281 "Prior to Linux 3.3, if there was not enough room for the event, B<ENOSPC> "
6282 "was returned. Linus did not like this, and this was changed to B<EINVAL>. "
6283 "B<ENOSPC> is still returned if you try to read results into too small of a "
6288 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2136
6294 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2141
6296 "B<perf_event_open>() was introduced in Linux 2.6.31 but was called "
6297 "B<perf_counter_open>()B<.> It was renamed in Linux 2.6.32."
6301 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2146
6304 #| "B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
6305 #| "intended to be portable."
6307 "This B<perf_event_open>() system call Linux- specific and should not be "
6308 "used in programs intended to be portable."
6310 "B<personality>() は Linux 固有であり、移植を意図したプログラムで使用すべきで"
6314 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2150
6317 #| "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
6320 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
6321 "B<syscall>(2). See the example below."
6323 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 B<syscall>"
6327 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2156
6329 "The official way of knowing if B<perf_event_open>() support is enabled is "
6330 "checking for the existence of the file I</proc/sys/kernel/"
6331 "perf_event_paranoid>."
6335 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2156 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
6336 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1884
6342 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2163
6344 "The B<F_SETOWN_EX> option to B<fcntl>(2) is needed to properly get overflow "
6345 "signals in threads. This was introduced in Linux 2.6.32."
6349 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2171
6351 "Prior to Linux 2.6.33 (at least for x86) the kernel did not check if events "
6352 "could be scheduled together until read time. The same happens on all known "
6353 "kernels if the NMI watchdog is enabled. This means to see if a given set of "
6354 "events works you have to B<perf_event_open>(), start, then read before you "
6355 "know for sure you can get valid measurements."
6359 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2175
6361 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34 event constraints were not enforced by the kernel. In "
6362 "that case, some events would silently return \"0\" if the kernel scheduled "
6363 "them in an improper counter slot."
6367 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2178
6369 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34 there was a bug when multiplexing where the wrong "
6370 "results could be returned."
6374 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2181
6376 "Kernels from Linux 2.6.35 to Linux 2.6.39 can quickly crash the kernel if "
6377 "\"inherit\" is enabled and many threads are started."
6381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2185
6383 "Prior to Linux 2.6.35, B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> did not work with attached "
6388 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2190
6390 "In older Linux 2.6 versions, refreshing an event group leader refreshed all "
6391 "siblings, and refreshing with a parameter of 0 enabled infinite refresh. "
6392 "This behavior is unsupported and should not be relied on."
6396 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2196
6398 "There is a bug in the kernel code between Linux 2.6.36 and Linux 3.0 that "
6399 "ignores the \"watermark\" field and acts as if a wakeup_event was chosen if "
6400 "the union has a non-zero value in it."
6404 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2202
6406 "From Linux 2.6.31 to Linux 3.4, the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> ioctl argument "
6407 "was broken and would repeatedly operate on the event specified rather than "
6408 "iterating across all sibling events in a group."
6412 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2207
6414 "Always double-check your results! Various generalized events have had wrong "
6415 "values. For example, retired branches measured the wrong thing on AMD "
6416 "machines until Linux 2.6.35."
6420 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2207 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
6421 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:223 build/C/man2/tee.2:130
6427 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2211
6429 "The following is a short example that measures the total instruction count "
6430 "of a call to B<printf>(3)."
6434 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2220
6437 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
6438 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
6439 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
6440 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
6441 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
6442 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
6443 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
6445 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
6446 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
6447 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
6448 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
6449 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
6450 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
6451 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
6454 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2226
6458 "perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
6459 " int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
6465 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2231
6468 " ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
6469 " group_fd, flags);\n"
6475 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2238
6479 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
6481 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
6482 " long long count;\n"
6486 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
6488 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
6489 " long long count;\n"
6493 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2246
6496 " memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
6497 " pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
6498 " pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
6499 " pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
6500 " pe.disabled = 1;\n"
6501 " pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
6502 " pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
6506 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2252
6509 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
6510 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
6511 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
6512 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
6515 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
6516 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
6517 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
6518 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
6522 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2255
6525 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
6526 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
6530 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2257
6532 msgid " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
6536 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2260
6539 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
6540 " read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
6544 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2262
6546 msgid " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
6550 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2265
6558 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2272
6559 msgid "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
6560 msgstr "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
6563 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
6569 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
6570 msgid "perfmonctl - interface to IA-64 performance monitoring unit"
6574 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:34
6577 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
6578 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
6580 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
6581 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
6584 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:36
6586 msgid "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
6587 msgstr "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
6590 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:47
6592 "The IA-64-specific B<perfmonctl>() system call provides an interface to the "
6593 "PMU (performance monitoring unit). The PMU consists of PMD (performance "
6594 "monitoring data) registers and PMC (performance monitoring control) "
6595 "registers, which gather hardware statistics."
6599 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:57
6601 "B<perfmonctl>() applies the operation I<cmd> to the input arguments "
6602 "specified by I<arg>. The number of arguments is defined by I<narg>. The "
6603 "I<fd> argument specifies the perfmon context to operate on."
6607 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
6608 msgid "Supported values for I<cmd> are:"
6612 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
6614 msgid "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
6615 msgstr "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
6618 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:65
6620 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT, pfarg_context_t *>I<ctxt>B<, 1);>\n"
6624 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:67
6625 msgid "Set up a context."
6629 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:74
6631 "The I<fd> parameter is ignored. A new perfmon context is created as "
6632 "specified in I<ctxt> and its file descriptor is returned in I<ctxt-"
6637 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:86
6639 "The file descriptor can be used in subsequent calls to B<perfmonctl>() and "
6640 "can be used to read event notifications (type I<pfm_msg_t>) using B<read>"
6641 "(2). The file descriptor is pollable using B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), and "
6646 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
6648 "The context can be destroyed by calling B<close>(2) on the file descriptor."
6652 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
6654 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
6658 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:95
6660 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
6664 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
6665 msgid "Set PMC registers."
6669 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
6671 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
6675 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:101
6677 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
6682 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
6683 msgid "Set PMD registers."
6687 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
6689 msgid "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
6693 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:109
6695 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
6699 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
6700 msgid "Read PMD registers."
6704 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
6706 msgid "B<PFM_START>"
6709 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_START, arg, 1);
6711 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:117
6713 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
6717 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
6718 msgid "Start monitoring."
6722 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
6728 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:124
6730 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
6734 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
6735 msgid "Stop monitoring."
6739 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
6741 msgid "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
6742 msgstr "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
6745 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:131
6747 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, 1);>\n"
6751 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
6752 msgid "Attach the context to a thread."
6756 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
6758 msgid "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
6762 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:138
6764 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
6768 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
6769 msgid "Detach the context from a thread."
6773 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
6775 msgid "B<PFM_RESTART>"
6779 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:145
6781 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
6785 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
6786 msgid "Restart monitoring after receiving an overflow notification."
6790 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
6792 msgid "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
6793 msgstr "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
6796 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:152
6798 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, 1);>\n"
6802 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:153
6804 msgid "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
6808 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:158
6810 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
6814 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
6815 msgid "If I<val> is nonzero, enable debugging mode, otherwise disable."
6819 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
6821 msgid "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
6825 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:167
6827 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, n);>\n"
6834 #. .B PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS
6835 #. create or modify event sets
6837 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
6840 #. .B PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS
6841 #. delete event sets
6843 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_DELETE_EVTSET, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
6846 #. .B PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS
6847 #. get information about event sets
6849 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS, pfarg_setinfo_t *info, n);
6852 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190
6853 msgid "Reset PMC registers to default values."
6857 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
6860 #| "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
6861 #| "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
6863 "B<performctl>() returns zero when the operation is successful. On error, "
6864 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the cause of the error."
6866 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
6867 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
6870 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199
6872 #| msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
6873 msgid "B<perfmonctl>() is available since Linux 2.4."
6874 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux 2.3.41 で導入された。"
6877 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202
6879 "B<perfmonctl>() is Linux specific and is available only on the IA-64 "
6884 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:207
6889 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
6890 msgid "The perfmon2 interface specification"
6894 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
6897 msgstr "PERSONALITY"
6900 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
6906 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35
6907 msgid "personality - set the process execution domain"
6908 msgstr "personality - プロセスを実行するドメインを設定する"
6911 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:37
6912 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
6913 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
6916 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39
6917 msgid "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
6918 msgstr "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
6921 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:47
6923 "Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each "
6924 "process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal "
6925 "numbers into signal actions. The execution domain system allows Linux to "
6926 "provide limited support for binaries compiled under other UNIX-like "
6927 "operating systems."
6929 "Linux は、プロセス毎の異なる実行ドメイン、すなわち パーソナリティ "
6930 "(personality) をサポートしている。 実行ドメインは Linux にシグナル番号にどの"
6931 "シグナルを割り付けるかを 教えたりする。また、実行ドメイン・システムにより、 "
6932 "Linux は他の UNIX 風のオペレーティング・システムでコンパイルされた バイナリに"
6933 "対する限定的なサポートを提供している。"
6936 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:57
6938 "This function will return the current B<personality>() when I<persona> "
6939 "equals 0xffffffff. Otherwise, it will make the execution domain referenced "
6940 "by I<persona> the new execution domain of the calling process."
6942 "B<personality ()> 関数は、 I<persona> が 0xffffffff の場合は現在の B<パーソナ"
6943 "リティ> を返す。 それ以外の場合、 I<persona> により参照される実行ドメイン"
6944 "を、 呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい実行ドメインとする。"
6947 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:64
6949 "On success, the previous I<persona> is returned. On error, -1 is returned, "
6950 "and I<errno> is set appropriately."
6952 "成功した場合、以前の I<persona> が返される。エラーの場合は、-1 が返され、 "
6953 "I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
6956 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:68
6957 msgid "The kernel was unable to change the personality."
6958 msgstr "カーネルがパーソナリティを変更できなかった。"
6961 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:72
6963 "B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
6964 "intended to be portable."
6966 "B<personality>() は Linux 固有であり、移植を意図したプログラムで使用すべきで"
6970 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
6976 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
6978 #| msgid "pivot_root - change the root file system"
6979 msgid "pivot_root - change the root filesystem"
6980 msgstr "pivot_root - root ファイルシステムを変更する"
6983 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:15
6985 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
6987 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
6991 #. capability is required.
6993 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:27
6996 #| "B<pivot_root>() moves the root file system of the calling process to the "
6997 #| "directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root file system of "
6998 #| "the calling process."
7000 "B<pivot_root>() moves the root filesystem of the calling process to the "
7001 "directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root filesystem of the "
7004 "B<pivot_root>() は呼び出し元のプロセスの root ファイルシステムを I<put_old> "
7005 "ディレクトリに移動し、 I<new_root> を呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい root ファイ"
7009 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:34
7012 #| "The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
7013 #| "system mounts a temporary root file system (e.g., an B<initrd>), then "
7014 #| "mounts the real root file system, and eventually turns the latter into "
7015 #| "the current root of all relevant processes or threads."
7017 "The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
7018 "system mounts a temporary root filesystem (e.g., an B<initrd>), then mounts "
7019 "the real root filesystem, and eventually turns the latter into the current "
7020 "root of all relevant processes or threads."
7022 "B<pivot_root>() の典型的な利用法は、システムの起動中にシステムが一時的な "
7023 "root ファイルシステム (例えば B<initrd>) をマウントし、これに続いて本当の "
7024 "root ファイルシステムをマウントし、 後者を必要な全てのプロセス・スレッドの カ"
7025 "レント root に変更するような場合である。"
7028 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:46
7030 "B<pivot_root>() may or may not change the current root and the current "
7031 "working directory of any processes or threads which use the old root "
7032 "directory. The caller of B<pivot_root>() must ensure that processes with "
7033 "root or current working directory at the old root operate correctly in "
7034 "either case. An easy way to ensure this is to change their root and current "
7035 "working directory to I<new_root> before invoking B<pivot_root>()."
7037 "古い root ディレクトリを使っていた全てのプロセスやスレッドの カレント root と"
7038 "カレントワーキングディレクトリを、 B<pivot_root>() が変更するかどうかはわか"
7039 "らない。 B<pivot_root>() の呼びだしプロセスは、古い root やカレントワーキン"
7040 "グディレクトリを使っていた プロセスが、いずれの場合でも正しく動作することを保"
7041 "証しなければならない。 これを簡単に行うには、それらのプロセスの root と カレ"
7042 "ントワーキングディレクトリを B<pivot_root>() を呼び出す前に I<new_root> に変"
7046 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:64
7049 #| "The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
7050 #| "B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
7051 #| "B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each "
7052 #| "process or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root "
7053 #| "directory. This is necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from "
7054 #| "keeping the old root directory busy with their root and current working "
7055 #| "directory, even if they never access the file system in any way. In the "
7056 #| "future, there may be a mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly "
7057 #| "relinquish any access to the file system, such that this fairly intrusive "
7058 #| "mechanism can be removed from B<pivot_root>()."
7060 "The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
7061 "B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
7062 "B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each process "
7063 "or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root directory. This is "
7064 "necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from keeping the old root "
7065 "directory busy with their root and current working directory, even if they "
7066 "never access the filesystem in any way. In the future, there may be a "
7067 "mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly relinquish any access to the "
7068 "filesystem, such that this fairly intrusive mechanism can be removed from "
7071 "上記の段落は、将来 B<pivot_root>() が変更されるかも知れないことを鑑みて、わ"
7072 "ざと曖昧に書いてある。 本ページを記述している時点では、 B<pivot_root>() は古"
7073 "い root ディレクトリを用いている全てのプロセス・スレッドの root と カレント"
7074 "ワーキングディレクトリを I<new_root> に変更する。これはカーネルのスレッドが古"
7075 "い root ディレクトリを busy 状態にしないために必要である。これらのスレッドが "
7076 "古いディレクトリを root やカレントワーキングディレクトリとしていると、 ファイ"
7077 "ルシステムに一切アクセスしない場合でも 古い root が busy になってしまうからで"
7078 "ある。 将来は、カーネルスレッドがあらゆるファイルシステムへのアクセスを 明示"
7079 "的に放棄するメカニズムができ、このでしゃばりな機能は B<pivot_root>() から削"
7083 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:72
7085 "Note that this also applies to the calling process: B<pivot_root>() may or "
7086 "may not affect its current working directory. It is therefore recommended "
7087 "to call B<chdir(\"/\")> immediately after B<pivot_root>()."
7089 "これは呼び出し元のプロセスについても当てはまることに注意。 B<pivot_root>() "
7090 "がカレントプロセスのカレントワーキングディレクトリに影響するかどうかは 分から"
7091 "ない。したがって B<pivot_root>() の直後に B<chdir(\"/\")> を呼び出すとよい。"
7094 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74
7095 msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
7096 msgstr "I<new_root> および I<put_old> には以下の制限がある:"
7099 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
7100 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
7106 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
7107 msgid "They must be directories."
7108 msgstr "ディレクトリでなければならない。"
7111 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79
7114 #| "I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same file system as the "
7117 "I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same filesystem as the current "
7120 "I<new_root> と I<put_old> は現在の root と同じファイルシステムにあってはなら"
7124 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
7126 "I<put_old> must be underneath I<new_root>, that is, adding a nonzero number "
7127 "of I</..> to the string pointed to by I<put_old> must yield the same "
7128 "directory as I<new_root>."
7130 "I<put_old> は I<new_root> 以下になければならない。すなわち I<put_old> を差す"
7131 "文字列に 1 個以上の I<../> を付けることによって I<new_root> と同じディレクト"
7135 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:85
7137 #| msgid "No other file system may be mounted on I<put_old>."
7138 msgid "No other filesystem may be mounted on I<put_old>."
7139 msgstr "他のファイルシステムが I<put_old> にマウントされていてはならない。"
7142 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:89
7143 msgid "See also B<pivot_root>(8) for additional usage examples."
7144 msgstr "利用例については B<pivot_root>(8) を参照のこと。"
7147 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:96
7150 #| "If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
7151 #| "B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the "
7152 #| "mount point of that file system is mounted on I<put_old>."
7154 "If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
7155 "B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the mount "
7156 "point of that filesystem is mounted on I<put_old>."
7158 "現在の root がマウントポイントではない (B<chroot>(2) や B<pivot_root>() の"
7159 "後など。以下も参照) 場合、 古い root ディレクトリではなく、 そのファイルシス"
7160 "テムのマウントポイントが I<put_old> にマウントされる。"
7163 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101
7166 #| "I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, I</proc/"
7167 #| "mounts> will show the mount point of the file system containing "
7168 #| "I<new_root> as root (I</>)."
7170 "I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, I</proc/"
7171 "mounts> will show the mount point of the filesystem containing I<new_root> "
7174 "I<new_root> はマウントポイントでなくてもよい。 この場合 I</proc/mounts> は、 "
7175 "I<new_root> を root (I</>) とするファイルシステムのマウントポイントを表示す"
7179 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
7181 "B<pivot_root>() may return (in I<errno>) any of the errors returned by "
7182 "B<stat>(2). Additionally, it may return:"
7184 "B<pivot_root>() は B<stat>(2) の返すあらゆるエラーを (I<errno> に) 返す可能"
7185 "性がある。さらに以下を返すことがある:"
7188 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
7191 #| "I<new_root> or I<put_old> are on the current root file system, or a file "
7192 #| "system is already mounted on I<put_old>."
7194 "I<new_root> or I<put_old> are on the current root filesystem, or a "
7195 "filesystem is already mounted on I<put_old>."
7197 "I<new_root> または I<put_old> が、現在の root ファイルシステム上にあるか、既"
7198 "に I<put_old> になんらかのファイルシステムがマウントされている。"
7201 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
7202 msgid "I<put_old> is not underneath I<new_root>."
7203 msgstr "I<put_old> が I<new_root> の下層にない。"
7206 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
7212 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
7213 msgid "I<new_root> or I<put_old> is not a directory."
7214 msgstr "I<new_root> または I<put_old> がディレクトリでない。"
7217 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
7218 msgid "The calling process does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
7219 msgstr "呼び出し元のプロセスが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
7222 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128
7223 msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
7224 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux 2.3.41 で導入された。"
7227 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
7228 msgid "B<pivot_root>() is Linux-specific and hence is not portable."
7229 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux に固有のものなので、移植性はない。"
7232 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:138
7234 "B<pivot_root>() should not have to change root and current working "
7235 "directory of all other processes in the system."
7237 "B<pivot_root>() はシステムの他のプロセス全ての root と カレントワーキング"
7238 "ディレクトリとを変更しなくてもよいはずである。"
7241 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
7243 "Some of the more obscure uses of B<pivot_root>() may quickly lead to "
7246 "B<pivot_root>() の使い方がもうちょっと曖昧になると、 あっという間にわけのわ"
7250 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
7251 msgid "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
7252 msgstr "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
7255 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
7257 msgid "PROCESS_VM_READV"
7261 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
7267 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32
7269 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - transfer data between process address "
7274 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:35
7276 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
7277 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
7280 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:42
7283 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
7284 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
7285 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
7286 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
7287 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
7288 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
7292 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:49
7295 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
7296 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
7297 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
7298 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
7299 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
7300 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
7304 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:57
7306 "These system calls transfer data between the address space of the calling "
7307 "process (\"the local process\") and the process identified by I<pid> (\"the "
7308 "remote process\"). The data moves directly between the address spaces of "
7309 "the two processes, without passing through kernel space."
7313 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:82
7315 "The B<process_vm_readv>() system call transfers data from the remote "
7316 "process to the local process. The data to be transferred is identified by "
7317 "I<remote_iov> and I<riovcnt>: I<remote_iov> is a pointer to an array "
7318 "describing address ranges in the process I<pid>, and I<riovcnt> specifies "
7319 "the number of elements in I<remote_iov>. The data is transferred to the "
7320 "locations specified by I<local_iov> and I<liovcnt>: I<local_iov> is a "
7321 "pointer to an array describing address ranges in the calling process, and "
7322 "I<liovcnt> specifies the number of elements in I<local_iov>."
7326 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:96
7328 "The B<process_vm_writev>() system call is the converse of "
7329 "B<process_vm_readv>()\\(emit transfers data from the local process to the "
7330 "remote process. Other than the direction of the transfer, the arguments "
7331 "I<liovcnt>, I<local_iov>, I<riovcnt>, and I<remote_iov> have the same "
7332 "meaning as for B<process_vm_readv>()."
7336 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:106
7338 "The I<local_iov> and I<remote_iov> arguments point to an array of I<iovec> "
7339 "structures, defined in I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> as:"
7341 "引き数 I<local_iov> と I<remote_iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列へのポイン\n"
7342 "タである。 I<iovec> 構造体は I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義\n"
7346 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:113
7350 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
7351 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
7355 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
7356 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
7360 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:129
7362 "Buffers are processed in array order. This means that B<process_vm_readv>"
7363 "() completely fills I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, "
7364 "and so on. Likewise, I<remote_iov[0]> is completely read before proceeding "
7365 "to I<remote_iov[1]>, and so on."
7367 "バッファは配列の順序で処理される。これは、 B<process_vm_readv>() が\n"
7368 "I<local_iov>[0] が完全に一杯になるまでデータを詰めてから、\n"
7369 "I<local_iov>[1] に進むといったことを意味する。同様に、\n"
7370 "I<remote_iov>[0] を完全に読み出してから I<remote_iov>[1] に進み、\n"
7374 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:140
7376 "Similarly, B<process_vm_writev>() writes out the entire contents of "
7377 "I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and it completely "
7378 "fills I<remote_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>."
7382 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:148
7384 "The lengths of I<remote_iov[i].iov_len> and I<local_iov[i].iov_len> do not "
7385 "have to be the same. Thus, it is possible to split a single local buffer "
7386 "into multiple remote buffers, or vice versa."
7390 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:152
7391 msgid "The I<flags> argument is currently unused and must be set to 0."
7392 msgstr "I<flags> 引き数は現在使用されておらず、 0 を設定しなければならない。"
7394 #. In time, glibc might provide a wrapper that works around this limit,
7395 #. as is done for readv()/writev()
7397 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:165
7399 "The values specified in the I<liovcnt> and I<riovcnt> arguments must be less "
7400 "than or equal to B<IOV_MAX> (defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> or accessible "
7401 "via the call I<sysconf(_SC_IOV_MAX)>)."
7405 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:175
7407 "The count arguments and I<local_iov> are checked before doing any "
7408 "transfers. If the counts are too big, or I<local_iov> is invalid, or the "
7409 "addresses refer to regions that are inaccessible to the local process, none "
7410 "of the vectors will be processed and an error will be returned immediately."
7414 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:195
7416 "Note, however, that these system calls do not check the memory regions in "
7417 "the remote process until just before doing the read/write. Consequently, a "
7418 "partial read/write (see RETURN VALUE) may result if one of the "
7419 "I<remote_iov> elements points to an invalid memory region in the remote "
7420 "process. No further reads/writes will be attempted beyond that point. Keep "
7421 "this in mind when attempting to read data of unknown length (such as C "
7422 "strings that are null-terminated) from a remote process, by avoiding "
7423 "spanning memory pages (typically 4KiB) in a single remote I<iovec> element. "
7424 "(Instead, split the remote read into two I<remote_iov> elements and have "
7425 "them merge back into a single write I<local_iov> entry. The first read "
7426 "entry goes up to the page boundary, while the second starts on the next page "
7431 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:209
7433 "In order to read from or write to another process, either the caller must "
7434 "have the capability B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>, or the real user ID, effective user "
7435 "ID, and saved set-user-ID of the remote process must match the real user ID "
7436 "of the caller I<and> the real group ID, effective group ID, and saved set-"
7437 "group-ID of the remote process must match the real group ID of the caller. "
7438 "(The permission required is exactly the same as that required to perform a "
7439 "B<ptrace>(2) B<PTRACE_ATTACH> on the remote process.)"
7443 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
7445 "On success, B<process_vm_readv>() returns the number of bytes read and "
7446 "B<process_vm_writev>() returns the number of bytes written. This return "
7447 "value may be less than the total number of requested bytes, if a partial "
7448 "read/write occurred. (Partial transfers apply at the granularity of "
7449 "I<iovec> elements. These system calls won't perform a partial transfer that "
7450 "splits a single I<iovec> element.) The caller should check the return value "
7451 "to determine whether a partial read/write occurred."
7455 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:229
7456 msgid "On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set appropriately."
7457 msgstr "エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
7460 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
7462 "The sum of the I<iov_len> values of either I<local_iov> or I<remote_iov> "
7463 "overflows a I<ssize_t> value."
7467 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
7468 msgid "I<flags> is not 0."
7469 msgstr "I<flags> が 0 でない。"
7472 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:251
7473 msgid "I<liovcnt> or I<riovcnt> is too large."
7474 msgstr "I<liovcnt> か I<riovcnt> が大きすぎる。"
7477 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:256
7479 "The memory described by I<local_iov> is outside the caller's accessible "
7482 "I<local_iov> が示すメモリが呼び出し側がアクセス可能な\n"
7486 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:262
7488 "The memory described by I<remote_iov> is outside the accessible address "
7489 "space of the process I<pid>."
7493 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267
7495 "Could not allocate memory for internal copies of the I<iovec> structures."
7499 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:271
7501 "The caller does not have permission to access the address space of the "
7504 "呼び出し側がプロセス I<pid> のアドレス空間に対するアクセス許可を\n"
7508 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:276
7509 msgid "No process with ID I<pid> exists."
7510 msgstr "ID が I<pid> のプロセスが存在しない。"
7513 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279
7515 "These system calls were added in Linux 3.2. Support is provided in glibc "
7516 "since version 2.15."
7518 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 3.2 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
7519 "サポートは glibc バージョン 2.15 以降で提供されている。"
7522 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:281
7523 msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
7524 msgstr "これらのシステムコールは非標準で Linux による拡張である。"
7527 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287
7529 "The data transfers performed by B<process_vm_readv>() and "
7530 "B<process_vm_writev>() are not guaranteed to be atomic in any way."
7533 #. Original user is MPI, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpi/
7534 #. See also some benchmarks at http://lwn.net/Articles/405284/
7535 #. and http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=130105930902915&w=2
7537 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
7539 "These system calls were designed to permit fast message passing by allowing "
7540 "messages to be exchanged with a single copy operation (rather than the "
7541 "double copy that would be required when using, for example, shared memory or "
7546 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:303
7548 "The following code sample demonstrates the use of B<process_vm_readv>(). It "
7549 "reads 20 bytes at the address 0x10000 from the process with PID 10 and "
7550 "writes the first 10 bytes into I<buf1> and the second 10 bytes into I<buf2>."
7554 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:306
7556 msgid "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
7557 msgstr "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
7560 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:316
7566 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
7567 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
7571 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
7576 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
7577 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
7581 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
7584 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:323
7587 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
7588 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
7589 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
7590 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
7591 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
7592 " remote[1].iov_len = 20;\n"
7594 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
7595 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
7596 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
7597 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
7598 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
7599 " remote[1].iov_len = 20;\n"
7602 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:330
7605 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
7606 " if (nread != 20)\n"
7612 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
7613 " if (nread != 20)\n"
7620 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:334
7621 msgid "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
7622 msgstr "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
7625 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
7631 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
7637 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
7638 msgid "ptrace - process trace"
7639 msgstr "ptrace - プロセスのトレース"
7642 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:50
7644 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
7645 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
7648 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:53
7651 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
7652 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
7654 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
7655 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
7658 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:62
7661 #| "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which a parent process "
7662 #| "may observe and control the execution of another process, and examine and "
7663 #| "change its core image and registers. It is primarily used to implement "
7664 #| "breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
7666 "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which one process (the "
7667 "\"tracer\") may observe and control the execution of another process (the "
7668 "\"tracee\"), and examine and change the tracee's memory and registers. It "
7669 "is primarily used to implement breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
7671 "B<ptrace>() システムコールは、親プロセスが、別のプロセスの実行の監視/制御を "
7672 "行ったり、コアイメージ (core image) やレジスタの調査/変更を 行ったりする手段"
7673 "を提供する。 B<ptrace>() は、主にブレークポイントによるデバッグやシステム"
7674 "コールのトレースを 実装するのに用いられる。"
7677 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:73
7679 "A tracee first needs to be attached to the tracer. Attachment and "
7680 "subsequent commands are per thread: in a multithreaded process, every thread "
7681 "can be individually attached to a (potentially different) tracer, or left "
7682 "not attached and thus not debugged. Therefore, \"tracee\" always means "
7683 "\"(one) thread\", never \"a (possibly multithreaded) process\". Ptrace "
7684 "commands are always sent to a specific tracee using a call of the form"
7688 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:75
7690 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
7694 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:79
7695 msgid "where I<pid> is the thread ID of the corresponding Linux thread."
7699 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:85
7701 "(Note that in this page, a \"multithreaded process\" means a thread group "
7702 "consisting of threads created using the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_THREAD> flag.)"
7706 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:96
7709 #| "The parent can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
7710 #| "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an B<exec>"
7711 #| "(3). Alternatively, the parent may commence trace of an existing process "
7712 #| "using B<PTRACE_ATTACH>."
7714 "A process can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
7715 "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an B<execve>"
7716 "(2). Alternatively, one process may commence tracing another process using "
7717 "B<PTRACE_ATTACH> or B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
7719 "トレースを開始するには、まず親プロセスで B<fork>(2) を呼び出す。生成された子"
7720 "プロセスで B<PTRACE_TRACEME> を行い、続いて (典型的には) B<exec>(3) を行な"
7721 "う。 別の方法としては、 親プロセスが既存のプロセスに対して B<PTRACE_ATTACH> "
7725 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:113
7728 #| "While being traced, the child will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
7729 #| "even if the signal is being ignored. (The exception is B<SIGKILL>, which "
7730 #| "has its usual effect.) The parent will be notified at its next B<wait>"
7731 #| "(2) and may inspect and modify the child process while it is stopped. "
7732 #| "The parent then causes the child to continue, optionally ignoring the "
7733 #| "delivered signal (or even delivering a different signal instead)."
7735 "While being traced, the tracee will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
7736 "even if the signal is being ignored. (An exception is B<SIGKILL>, which has "
7737 "its usual effect.) The tracer will be notified at its next call to "
7738 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the related \"wait\" system calls); that call will "
7739 "return a I<status> value containing information that indicates the cause of "
7740 "the stop in the tracee. While the tracee is stopped, the tracer can use "
7741 "various ptrace requests to inspect and modify the tracee. The tracer then "
7742 "causes the tracee to continue, optionally ignoring the delivered signal (or "
7743 "even delivering a different signal instead)."
7745 "トレースの実行中、子プロセスはシグナルが配送されるたびに、 たとえそのシグナル"
7746 "が無視すべきものであっても停止する (B<SIGKILL> は例外で、通常どおりの効果をも"
7747 "たらす)。 親プロセスには次の B<wait>(2) で通知され、停止している間に子プロセ"
7748 "スを調べたり修正したりすることができる。 そして親プロセスは子プロセスの実行を"
7749 "再開させるが、配送された シグナルを無視することもできる (あるいは代わりに別の"
7750 "シグナルを 配送することもできる) 。"
7753 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:123
7755 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is not in effect, all successful calls "
7756 "to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause it to be sent a B<SIGTRAP> "
7757 "signal, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program "
7762 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:127
7765 #| "When the parent is finished tracing, it can terminate the child with "
7766 #| "B<PTRACE_KILL> or cause it to continue executing in a normal, untraced "
7767 #| "mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
7769 "When the tracer is finished tracing, it can cause the tracee to continue "
7770 "executing in a normal, untraced mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
7772 "親プロセスがトレースを終了する際には、 B<PTRACE_KILL> を使用して子プロセスを"
7773 "終了させることもできるし、 B<PTRACE_DETACH> を用いて通常のトレースなしのモー"
7774 "ドにして、 実行を継続させることもできる。"
7777 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
7778 msgid "The value of I<request> determines the action to be performed:"
7779 msgstr "I<request> の値がこのシステムコールの動作を決定する:"
7782 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
7784 msgid "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
7785 msgstr "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
7788 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:141
7790 "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. A process "
7791 "probably shouldn't make this request if its parent isn't expecting to trace "
7792 "it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
7794 "このプロセスが親プロセスによってトレースされることを表す。親プロセスが自プロ"
7795 "セスをトレースするつもりがない場合には、 おそらくこのプロセスは本要求を行うべ"
7796 "きではないだろう。 (I<pid>, I<addr>, I<data> は無視される。)"
7799 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
7802 #| "The above request is used only by the child process; the rest are used "
7803 #| "only by the parent. In the following requests, I<pid> specifies the "
7804 #| "child process to be acted on. For requests other than B<PTRACE_KILL>, "
7805 #| "the child process must be stopped."
7807 "The B<PTRACE_TRACEME> request is used only by the tracee; the remaining "
7808 "requests are used only by the tracer. In the following requests, I<pid> "
7809 "specifies the thread ID of the tracee to be acted on. For requests other "
7810 "than B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
7811 "B<PTRACE_KILL>, the tracee must be stopped."
7813 "上記の要求は子プロセスだけが行なうものである。 残りは親プロセスだけが行なうも"
7814 "のである。 以下の要求では、I<pid> で操作の対象となる 子プロセスを指定する。 "
7815 "B<PTRACE_KILL> を除き、要求を行なうためには 子プロセスは停止していなければな"
7819 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
7821 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
7822 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
7825 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
7828 #| "Reads a word at the location I<addr> in the child's memory, returning the "
7829 #| "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have "
7830 #| "separate text and data address spaces, so the two requests are currently "
7831 #| "equivalent. (The argument I<data> is ignored.)"
7833 "Read a word at the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory, returning the "
7834 "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have separate "
7835 "text and data address spaces, so these two requests are currently "
7836 "equivalent. (I<data> is ignored.)"
7838 "子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み出す。読み出したワード"
7839 "は B<ptrace>() の返り値として返される。 Linux ではテキスト (text) とデータ "
7840 "(data) で 同じアドレス空間を使用するため、この 2 つの要求は現在のところ 同じ"
7841 "ものである。 (引き数 I<data> は無視される。)"
7844 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
7846 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
7847 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
7849 #. PTRACE_PEEKUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
7850 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
7852 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
7855 #| "Reads a word at offset I<addr> in the child's USER area, which holds the "
7856 #| "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
7857 #| "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
7858 #| "Typically the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
7859 #| "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
7861 "Read a word at offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area, which holds the "
7862 "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
7863 "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
7864 "Typically, the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
7865 "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
7867 "子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み込む。"
7868 "USER 領域にはそのプロセスの レジスタ (registers) などの情報が保持されている "
7869 "(I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照)。読み込んだワードは B<ptrace>() コールの結"
7870 "果として返される。 たいていはオフセットはワード境界になければならないが、 "
7871 "アーキテクチャによってはその必要はない。 「注意」の節を参照。 (I<data> は無視"
7875 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
7877 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
7878 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
7881 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
7884 #| "Copies the word I<data> to location I<addr> in the child's memory. As "
7885 #| "above, the two requests are currently equivalent."
7887 "Copy the word I<data> to the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory. As for "
7888 "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT> and B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, these two requests are currently "
7891 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置へコピーする。上と同様"
7892 "に、現在のところ二つの 要求は同じものである。"
7895 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
7897 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
7898 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
7900 #. PTRACE_POKEUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_POKEUSER,
7901 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
7902 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
7903 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
7905 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
7908 #| "Copies the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the child's USER area. As "
7909 #| "above, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to maintain "
7910 #| "the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area are "
7913 "Copy the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area. As for "
7914 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to "
7915 "maintain the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area "
7918 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置にコピーす"
7919 "る。 上と同様に、通常、オフセットはワード境界になければならない。 カーネルの"
7920 "完全性 (integrity) を維持するため、 変更内容によっては USER 領域の変更は禁止"
7924 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
7926 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
7927 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
7930 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
7933 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
7934 #| "respectively, to location I<data> in the parent. See I<E<lt>sys/user."
7935 #| "hE<gt>> for information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7937 "Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
7938 "to the address I<data> in the tracer. See I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> for "
7939 "information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that "
7940 "SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, "
7941 "I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied to the address I<addr>. "
7942 "B<PTRACE_GETREGS> and B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS> are not present on all "
7945 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタを親プロセスの I<data> "
7946 "の位置にコピーする。この data の書式に関しては I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照"
7947 "すること。(I<addr> は無視される。)"
7950 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
7952 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
7953 msgstr " B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
7956 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
7958 "Read the tracee's registers. I<addr> specifies, in an architecture-"
7959 "dependent way, the type of registers to be read. B<NT_PRSTATUS> (with "
7960 "numerical value 1) usually results in reading of general-purpose "
7961 "registers. If the CPU has, for example, floating-point and/or vector "
7962 "registers, they can be retrieved by setting I<addr> to the corresponding "
7963 "B<NT_foo> constant. I<data> points to a B<struct iovec>, which describes "
7964 "the destination buffer's location and length. On return, the kernel "
7965 "modifies B<iov.len> to indicate the actual number of bytes returned."
7969 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
7971 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
7972 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
7974 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
7975 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
7977 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:282
7980 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
7981 #| "respectively, from location I<data> in the parent. As for "
7982 #| "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general purpose register modifications may be "
7983 #| "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7985 "Modify the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, "
7986 "respectively, from the address I<data> in the tracer. As for "
7987 "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general-purpose register modifications may be "
7988 "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that SPARC systems have the meaning "
7989 "of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, I<data> is ignored and the "
7990 "registers are copied from the address I<addr>. B<PTRACE_SETREGS> and "
7991 "B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS> are not present on all architectures."
7993 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタに 親プロセスの "
7994 "I<date> の位置からコピーする。 B<PTRACE_POKEUSER> と同様に、汎用レジスタに"
7995 "よっては 変更が禁止されている場合がある。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7998 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:282
8000 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8001 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8004 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:291
8006 "Modify the tracee's registers. The meaning of I<addr> and I<data> is "
8007 "analogous to B<PTRACE_GETREGSET>."
8011 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:291
8013 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
8014 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
8017 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
8020 #| "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copies a "
8021 #| "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the child to location "
8022 #| "I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8024 "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copy a "
8025 "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the tracee to the address "
8026 "I<data> in the tracer. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8028 "停止の原因となったシグナルに関する情報を取得する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体 "
8029 "(B<sigaction>(2) 参照) を子プロセスから親プロセスの I<data> の位置にコピーす"
8030 "る。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
8033 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
8035 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
8036 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
8039 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
8042 #| "Set signal information. Copies a I<siginfo_t> structure from location "
8043 #| "I<data> in the parent to the child. This will only affect signals that "
8044 #| "would normally be delivered to the child and were caught by the tracer. "
8045 #| "It may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
8046 #| "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8048 "Set signal information: copy a I<siginfo_t> structure from the address "
8049 "I<data> in the tracer to the tracee. This will affect only signals that "
8050 "would normally be delivered to the tracee and were caught by the tracer. It "
8051 "may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
8052 "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8054 "シグナル情報を設定する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体を親プロセスのデータ I<data> の位"
8055 "置から 子プロセスにコピーする。 この処理を行うことができるのは、子プロセスに"
8056 "通常は配送されるはずで トレーサに捕捉されたシグナルについてだけである。 これ"
8057 "らの通常のシグナルと B<ptrace>() 自身が発生するシグナルを見分けるのは難しい"
8058 "かもしれない。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
8061 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
8063 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
8064 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (Linux 2.4.6 以降; バグの章にある警告も参照)"
8067 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:328
8070 #| "Sets ptrace options from I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.) "
8071 #| "I<data> is interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by "
8072 #| "the following flags:"
8074 "Set ptrace options from I<data>. (I<addr> is ignored.) I<data> is "
8075 "interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by the following "
8078 "親プロセスの I<data> に基づいて ptrace のオプションを設定する (I<addr> は無視"
8079 "される)。 I<data> はオプションのビットマスクとして解釈され、 オプションには以"
8083 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:329
8085 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
8086 msgstr " B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
8088 #. commit 992fb6e170639b0849bace8e49bf31bd37c4123
8090 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:337
8092 "If a tracer sets this flag, a B<SIGKILL> signal will be sent to every tracee "
8093 "if the tracer exits. This option is useful for ptrace jailers that want to "
8094 "ensure that tracees can never escape the tracer's control."
8098 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:337
8100 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
8101 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
8104 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:354
8107 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
8108 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
8109 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
8110 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8112 "Stop the tracee at the next B<clone>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
8113 "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
8114 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
8115 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
8117 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
8118 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
8119 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
8120 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
8123 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:357
8125 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8129 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:361 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:447
8130 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:480
8131 msgid "The PID of the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8135 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:382
8138 #| "Stop the child at the next B<clone>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
8139 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
8140 #| "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
8141 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This option "
8142 #| "may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the child calls "
8143 #| "B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will be "
8144 #| "delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
8145 #| "child calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
8146 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
8148 "This option may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the tracee "
8149 "calls B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will "
8150 "be delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
8151 "tracee calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
8152 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
8154 "次の B<clone>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt> "
8155 "\\8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに clone で作成されたプロセスのト"
8156 "レースを自動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセ"
8157 "スの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。 このオプションで全ての "
8158 "B<clone>(2) コールを捕まえられるわけではない。 子プロセスが B<CLONE_VFORK> "
8159 "フラグ付きで B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合、 B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> が設定さ"
8160 "れていれば代わりに B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> が配送される。 また、子プロセスが終"
8161 "了シグナルを B<SIGCHLD> に設定して B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合は、 "
8162 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> が設定されていれば B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> が配送される。"
8165 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:382
8167 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
8168 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
8171 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:391
8173 "Stop the tracee at the next B<execve>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer "
8174 "will return a I<status> value such that"
8178 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:394
8180 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8184 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:400
8186 "If the execing thread is not a thread group leader, the thread ID is reset "
8187 "to thread group leader's ID before this stop. Since Linux 3.0, the former "
8188 "thread ID can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8192 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:400
8194 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
8195 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
8198 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:408
8200 "Stop the tracee at exit. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a "
8201 "I<status> value such that"
8205 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:411
8207 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8211 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:415
8212 msgid "The tracee's exit status can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8216 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:423
8219 #| "Stop the child at exit with I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
8220 #| "8>. The child's exit status can be retrieved with "
8221 #| "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This stop will be done early during process exit "
8222 #| "when registers are still available, allowing the tracer to see where the "
8223 #| "exit occurred, whereas the normal exit notification is done after the "
8224 #| "process is finished exiting. Even though context is available, the "
8225 #| "tracer cannot prevent the exit from happening at this point."
8227 "The tracee is stopped early during process exit, when registers are still "
8228 "available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred, whereas the "
8229 "normal exit notification is done after the process is finished exiting. "
8230 "Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from "
8231 "happening at this point."
8233 "終了 (exit) 時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセス"
8234 "の動作を停止させる。子プロセスの終了ステータスは B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得"
8235 "できる。 この停止はレジスタがまだ参照可能であるプロセス終了処理の初期に行わ"
8236 "れ、 トレーサはどこで終了が発生したかを知ることができる。 通常の終了通知 "
8237 "(exit notification) はプロセスの終了処理が完了した後に 行われる。コンテキスト"
8238 "を参照することはできるにも関わらず、 トレーサはこの時点から終了を止めることは"
8242 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:423
8244 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
8245 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
8248 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:440
8251 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
8252 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
8253 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
8254 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8256 "Stop the tracee at the next B<fork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
8257 "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
8258 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
8259 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
8261 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
8262 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
8263 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
8264 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
8267 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:443
8269 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8273 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:447
8275 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (since Linux 2.4.6)"
8276 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (Linux 2.4.6 以降)"
8279 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:456
8282 #| "When delivering syscall traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
8283 #| "deliver I<SIGTRAP | 0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to tell "
8284 #| "the difference between normal traps and those caused by a syscall. "
8285 #| "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> may not work on all architectures.)"
8287 "When delivering system call traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
8288 "deliver I<SIGTRAP|0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to distinguish "
8289 "normal traps from those caused by a system call. (B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
8290 "may not work on all architectures.)"
8292 "システムコールのトラップが配送されたときに、シグナル番号のビット 7 を設定す"
8293 "る (すなわち、I<SIGTRAP | 0x80> を配送する)。 これにより、トレーサが通常のト"
8294 "ラップとシステムコールによるトラップを 区別しやすくなる。 "
8295 "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> はどのアーキテクチャでも動作しない可能性がある。)"
8298 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:456
8300 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
8301 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
8304 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:473
8307 #| "Stop the child at the next B<vfork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
8308 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
8309 #| "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
8310 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8312 "Stop the tracee at the next B<vfork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
8313 "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
8314 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
8315 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
8317 "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
8318 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに vfork されたプロセスのトレースを自"
8319 "動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
8320 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
8323 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:476
8325 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8329 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:480
8331 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
8332 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
8335 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:489
8337 "Stop the tracee at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) "
8338 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
8342 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:492
8344 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8348 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:496
8350 "The PID of the new process can (since Linux 2.6.18) be retrieved with "
8351 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8355 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:497
8357 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
8358 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
8361 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:517
8364 #| "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
8365 #| "just happened, placing it in the location I<data> in the parent. For "
8366 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> this is the child's exit status. For "
8367 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> and B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> "
8368 #| "this is the PID of the new process. Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the "
8369 #| "new process is also available for B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>. (I<addr> "
8372 "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
8373 "just happened, placing it at the address I<data> in the tracer. For "
8374 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>, this is the tracee's exit status. For "
8375 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>, and "
8376 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>, this is the PID of the new process. (I<addr> is "
8379 "発生したばかりの ptrace イベントに関するメッセージを (I<unsigned long> 型で) "
8380 "取得する。 取得したメッセージは親プロセスの I<data> の位置に格納される。 得ら"
8381 "れる内容は、 B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> の場合は子プロセスの終了ステータスであり、 "
8382 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> の場合は新"
8383 "しいプロセスの PID である。 Linux 2.6.18 以降では、新しいプロセスの PID は "
8384 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE> で入手できる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
8387 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:517
8389 msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
8390 msgstr "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
8393 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:529
8396 #| "Restarts the stopped child process. If I<data> is nonzero and not "
8397 #| "B<SIGSTOP>, it is interpreted as a signal to be delivered to the child; "
8398 #| "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the parent can "
8399 #| "control whether a signal sent to the child is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
8402 "Restart the stopped tracee process. If I<data> is nonzero, it is "
8403 "interpreted as the number of a signal to be delivered to the tracee; "
8404 "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the tracer can "
8405 "control whether a signal sent to the tracee is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
8408 "停止した子プロセスの実行を再開させる。 I<data> がゼロでなく、 B<SIGSTOP> でも"
8409 "なければ、 子プロセスに配送されるシグナルと解釈される。 ゼロや B<SIGSTOP> の"
8410 "場合はシグナルは配送されない。 これを使うと、例えば、親プロセスは 子プロセス"
8411 "に送られたシグナルを実際に配送するかどうかを 制御することができる。(I<addr> "
8415 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:529
8417 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
8418 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
8421 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:553
8424 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arranges for the "
8425 #| "child to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or "
8426 #| "after execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The child will "
8427 #| "also, as usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the parent's "
8428 #| "perspective, the child will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a "
8429 #| "B<SIGTRAP>. So, for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to "
8430 #| "inspect the arguments to the system call at the first stop, then do "
8431 #| "another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and inspect the return value of the system call "
8432 #| "at the second stop. The I<data> argument is treated as for "
8433 #| "B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8435 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arrange for the tracee "
8436 "to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or after "
8437 "execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The tracee will also, as "
8438 "usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the tracer's perspective, "
8439 "the tracee will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a B<SIGTRAP>. So, "
8440 "for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to inspect the arguments to "
8441 "the system call at the first stop, then do another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and "
8442 "inspect the return value of the system call at the second stop. The I<data> "
8443 "argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8445 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし、 "
8446 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> の場合は子プロセスが 次にシステムコールに入るかシステムコー"
8447 "ルから抜けるかする時に、 B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP> の場合は 1 命令 (instruction) "
8448 "実行した後に停止させる (通常どおり、子プロセスはシグナルを受け取った場合にも"
8449 "停止する)。 親プロセスから見ると、子プロセスは B<SIGTRAP> を受信して停止した"
8450 "ように見える。そのため、例えば B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を使うと、1回目の停止で引き"
8451 "数を調べて B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を実行し、 2回目の停止でシステムコールの返り値を"
8452 "調べる、 というようなことができる。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> の場合と"
8453 "同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
8456 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:553
8458 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
8459 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (Linux 2.6.14 以降)"
8463 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:574
8466 #| "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next syscall, "
8467 #| "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
8468 #| "but also singlestep if not a syscall. This call is used by programs like "
8469 #| "User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the child's system calls. The "
8470 #| "I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored; "
8471 #| "not supported on all architectures.)"
8473 "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next system call, "
8474 "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
8475 "but also singlestep if not a system call. This call is used by programs "
8476 "like User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the tracee's system calls. "
8477 "The I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. The I<addr> argument "
8478 "is ignored. These requests are currently supported only on x86."
8480 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU> は、実行を再開し、次のシステムコールに入る時に停止させる。 "
8481 "システムコールは実行されない。 B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> も同様だが、システ"
8482 "ムコールでない場合には 1 命令 (singlestep) だけ実行した時点でも停止させる。 "
8483 "このコールは User Mode Linux のように子プロセスのシステムコールを全て エミュ"
8484 "レートしようとするプログラムで使用される。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> "
8485 "の場合と同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。 全てのアーキテクチャでサ"
8489 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:574
8491 msgid "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
8492 msgstr " B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
8495 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:585
8497 "Restart the stopped tracee, but prevent it from executing. The resulting "
8498 "state of the tracee is similar to a process which has been stopped by a "
8499 "B<SIGSTOP> (or other stopping signal). See the \"group-stop\" subsection "
8500 "for additional information. B<PTRACE_LISTEN> works only on tracees attached "
8501 "by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
8505 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:585
8507 msgid "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
8508 msgstr "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
8511 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:594
8514 #| "Sends the child a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
8517 "Send the tracee a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
8520 "子プロセスに B<SIGKILL> を送り終了させる。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
8522 #. [Note from Denys Vlasenko:
8523 #. deprecation suggested by Oleg Nesterov. He prefers to deprecate it
8524 #. instead of describing (and needing to support) PTRACE_KILL's quirks.]
8526 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:613
8528 "I<This operation is deprecated; do not use it!> Instead, send a B<SIGKILL> "
8529 "directly using B<kill>(2) or B<tgkill>(2). The problem with B<PTRACE_KILL> "
8530 "is that it requires the tracee to be in signal-delivery-stop, otherwise it "
8531 "may not work (i.e., may complete successfully but won't kill the tracee). "
8532 "By contrast, sending a B<SIGKILL> directly has no such limitation."
8536 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:613
8538 msgid "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
8539 msgstr " B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
8542 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:641
8544 "Stop a tracee. If the tracee is running or sleeping in kernel space and "
8545 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> is in effect, the system call is interrupted and syscall-"
8546 "exit-stop is reported. (The interrupted system call is restarted when the "
8547 "tracee is restarted.) If the tracee was already stopped by a signal and "
8548 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> was sent to it, the tracee stops with B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> "
8549 "and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns the stop signal. If any other ptrace-stop "
8550 "is generated at the same time (for example, if a signal is sent to the "
8551 "tracee), this ptrace-stop happens. If none of the above applies (for "
8552 "example, if the tracee is running in userspace), it stops with "
8553 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> with I<WSTOPSIG(status)> == B<SIGTRAP>. "
8554 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> only works on tracees attached by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
8558 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:641
8560 msgid "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
8561 msgstr "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
8563 #. No longer true (removed by Denys Vlasenko, 2011, who remarks:
8564 #. "I think it isn't true in non-ancient 2.4 and in 2.6/3.x.
8565 #. Basically, it's not true for any Linux in practical use.
8566 #. ; the behavior of the tracee is as if it had done a
8567 #. .BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
8568 #. The calling process actually becomes the parent of the tracee
8569 #. process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive
8570 #. notification of tracee events and appears in
8572 #. output as the tracee's parent), but a
8574 #. by the tracee will still return the PID of the original parent.
8576 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:669
8578 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
8579 "process. The tracee is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not necessarily have "
8580 "stopped by the completion of this call; use B<waitpid>(2) to wait for the "
8581 "tracee to stop. See the \"Attaching and detaching\" subsection for "
8582 "additional information. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
8586 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:669
8588 msgid "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
8589 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
8592 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:689
8594 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
8595 "process. Unlike B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the "
8596 "process. Only a B<PTRACE_SEIZE>d process can accept B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
8597 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> commands. I<addr> must be zero. I<data> contains a bit "
8598 "mask of ptrace options to activate immediately."
8602 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:689
8604 msgid "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
8605 msgstr "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
8608 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:698
8611 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detaches from "
8612 #| "the process, undoing the reparenting effect of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, and the "
8613 #| "effects of B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. Although perhaps not intended, under Linux "
8614 #| "a traced child can be detached in this way regardless of which method was "
8615 #| "used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8617 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detach from it. "
8618 "Under Linux, a tracee can be detached in this way regardless of which method "
8619 "was used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8621 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし まずそのプロセス"
8622 "からの分離 (detach) を行い、 B<PTRACE_ATTACH> での親の切り換えによる効果と "
8623 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> の効果を取り消す。意図したものではないだろうが、 Linux で"
8624 "は、トレースされている子プロセスはどのような方法でトレースを 開始されたとして"
8625 "も、この方法で分離 (detach) することができる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
8628 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:698
8630 msgid "Death under ptrace"
8634 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:707
8636 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a killing signal (one whose "
8637 "disposition is set to B<SIG_DFL> and whose default action is to kill the "
8638 "process), all threads exit. Tracees report their death to their tracer(s). "
8639 "Notification of this event is delivered via B<waitpid>(2)."
8643 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:716
8645 "Note that the killing signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
8646 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
8647 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will death from the signal "
8648 "happen on I<all> tracees within a multithreaded process. (The term \"signal-"
8649 "delivery-stop\" is explained below.)"
8653 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:728
8655 "B<SIGKILL> does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore the tracer "
8656 "can't suppress it. B<SIGKILL> kills even within system calls (syscall-exit-"
8657 "stop is not generated prior to death by B<SIGKILL>). The net effect is that "
8658 "B<SIGKILL> always kills the process (all its threads), even if some threads "
8659 "of the process are ptraced."
8663 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:733
8665 "When the tracee calls B<_exit>(2), it reports its death to its tracer. "
8666 "Other threads are not affected."
8670 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:737
8672 "When any thread executes B<exit_group>(2), every tracee in its thread group "
8673 "reports its death to its tracer."
8677 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:751
8679 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option is on, B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> will happen "
8680 "before actual death. This applies to exits via B<exit>(2), B<exit_group>"
8681 "(2), and signal deaths (except B<SIGKILL>), and when threads are torn down "
8682 "on B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process."
8686 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:776
8688 "The tracer cannot assume that the ptrace-stopped tracee exists. There are "
8689 "many scenarios when the tracee may die while stopped (such as B<SIGKILL>). "
8690 "Therefore, the tracer must be prepared to handle an B<ESRCH> error on any "
8691 "ptrace operation. Unfortunately, the same error is returned if the tracee "
8692 "exists but is not ptrace-stopped (for commands which require a stopped "
8693 "tracee), or if it is not traced by the process which issued the ptrace "
8694 "call. The tracer needs to keep track of the stopped/running state of the "
8695 "tracee, and interpret B<ESRCH> as \"tracee died unexpectedly\" only if it "
8696 "knows that the tracee has been observed to enter ptrace-stop. Note that "
8697 "there is no guarantee that I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> will reliably report the "
8698 "tracee's death status if a ptrace operation returned B<ESRCH>. I<waitpid"
8699 "(WNOHANG)> may return 0 instead. In other words, the tracee may be \"not "
8700 "yet fully dead\", but already refusing ptrace requests."
8704 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:790
8706 "The tracer can't assume that the tracee I<always> ends its life by reporting "
8707 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> or I<WIFSIGNALED(status)>; there are cases where this "
8708 "does not occur. For example, if a thread other than thread group leader "
8709 "does an B<execve>(2), it disappears; its PID will never be seen again, and "
8710 "any subsequent ptrace stops will be reported under the thread group leader's "
8715 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:790
8717 msgid "Stopped states"
8721 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:812
8723 "A tracee can be in two states: running or stopped. For the purposes of "
8724 "ptrace, a tracee which is blocked in a system call (such as B<read>(2), "
8725 "B<pause>(2), etc.) is nevertheless considered to be running, even if the "
8726 "tracee is blocked for a long time. The state of the tracee after "
8727 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> is somewhat of a gray area: it is not in any ptrace-stop "
8728 "(ptrace commands won't work on it, and it will deliver B<waitpid>(2) "
8729 "notifications), but it also may be considered \"stopped\" because it is not "
8730 "executing instructions (is not scheduled), and if it was in group-stop "
8731 "before B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, it will not respond to signals until B<SIGCONT> is "
8736 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:816
8738 "There are many kinds of states when the tracee is stopped, and in ptrace "
8739 "discussions they are often conflated. Therefore, it is important to use "
8744 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:827
8746 "In this manual page, any stopped state in which the tracee is ready to "
8747 "accept ptrace commands from the tracer is called I<ptrace-stop>. Ptrace-"
8748 "stops can be further subdivided into I<signal-delivery-stop>, I<group-stop>, "
8749 "I<syscall-stop>, and so on. These stopped states are described in detail "
8754 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:832
8756 "When the running tracee enters ptrace-stop, it notifies its tracer using "
8757 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the other \"wait\" system calls). Most of this "
8758 "manual page assumes that the tracer waits with:"
8762 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:834
8764 msgid " pid = waitpid(pid_or_minus_1, &status, __WALL);\n"
8768 #. Do we require __WALL usage, or will just using 0 be ok? (With 0,
8769 #. I am not 100% sure there aren't ugly corner cases.) Are the
8770 #. rules different if user wants to use waitid? Will waitid require
8773 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:846
8775 "Ptrace-stopped tracees are reported as returns with I<pid> greater than 0 "
8776 "and I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true."
8780 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:854
8782 "The B<__WALL> flag does not include the B<WSTOPPED> and B<WEXITED> flags, "
8783 "but implies their functionality."
8787 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:861
8789 "Setting the B<WCONTINUED> flag when calling B<waitpid>(2) is not "
8790 "recommended: the \"continued\" state is per-process and consuming it can "
8791 "confuse the real parent of the tracee."
8795 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:869
8797 "Use of the B<WNOHANG> flag may cause B<waitpid>(2) to return 0 (\"no wait "
8798 "results available yet\") even if the tracer knows there should be a "
8799 "notification. Example:"
8803 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:878
8807 " ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0L, 0L);\n"
8808 " if (errno == ESRCH) {\n"
8809 " /* tracee is dead */\n"
8810 " r = waitpid(tracee, &status, __WALL | WNOHANG);\n"
8811 " /* r can still be 0 here! */\n"
8816 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:901
8818 "The following kinds of ptrace-stops exist: signal-delivery-stops, group-"
8819 "stops, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops, syscall-stops. They all are reported by "
8820 "B<waitpid>(2) with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true. They may be differentiated "
8821 "by examining the value I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8>, and if there is ambiguity in "
8822 "that value, by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. (Note: the I<WSTOPSIG(status)"
8823 "> macro can't be used to perform this examination, because it returns the "
8824 "value I<(statusE<gt>E<gt>8)\\ &\\ 0xff>.)"
8828 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:901
8830 msgid "Signal-delivery-stop"
8834 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:921
8836 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives any signal except "
8837 "B<SIGKILL>, the kernel selects an arbitrary thread which handles the "
8838 "signal. (If the signal is generated with B<tgkill>(2), the target thread "
8839 "can be explicitly selected by the caller.) If the selected thread is "
8840 "traced, it enters signal-delivery-stop. At this point, the signal is not "
8841 "yet delivered to the process, and can be suppressed by the tracer. If the "
8842 "tracer doesn't suppress the signal, it passes the signal to the tracee in "
8843 "the next ptrace restart request. This second step of signal delivery is "
8844 "called I<signal injection> in this manual page. Note that if the signal is "
8845 "blocked, signal-delivery-stop doesn't happen until the signal is unblocked, "
8846 "with the usual exception that B<SIGSTOP> can't be blocked."
8850 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:935
8852 "Signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
8853 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the signal returned by I<WSTOPSIG"
8854 "(status)>. If the signal is B<SIGTRAP>, this may be a different kind of "
8855 "ptrace-stop; see the \"Syscall-stops\" and \"execve\" sections below for "
8856 "details. If I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns a stopping signal, this may be a "
8857 "group-stop; see below."
8861 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:935
8863 msgid "Signal injection and suppression"
8867 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:938
8869 "After signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer, the tracer should "
8870 "restart the tracee with the call"
8874 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:940
8876 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, sig)\n"
8880 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:953
8882 "where B<PTRACE_restart> is one of the restarting ptrace requests. If I<sig> "
8883 "is 0, then a signal is not delivered. Otherwise, the signal I<sig> is "
8884 "delivered. This operation is called I<signal injection> in this manual "
8885 "page, to distinguish it from signal-delivery-stop."
8889 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:959
8891 "The I<sig> value may be different from the I<WSTOPSIG(status)> value: the "
8892 "tracer can cause a different signal to be injected."
8896 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:975
8898 "Note that a suppressed signal still causes system calls to return "
8899 "prematurely. In this case system calls will be restarted: the tracer will "
8900 "observe the tracee to reexecute the interrupted system call (or "
8901 "B<restart_syscall>(2) system call for a few syscalls which use a different "
8902 "mechanism for restarting) if the tracer uses B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>. Even system "
8903 "calls (such as B<poll>(2)) which are not restartable after signal are "
8904 "restarted after signal is suppressed; however, kernel bugs exist which cause "
8905 "some syscalls to fail with B<EINTR> even though no observable signal is "
8906 "injected to the tracee."
8910 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:986
8912 "Restarting ptrace commands issued in ptrace-stops other than signal-delivery-"
8913 "stop are not guaranteed to inject a signal, even if I<sig> is nonzero. No "
8914 "error is reported; a nonzero I<sig> may simply be ignored. Ptrace users "
8915 "should not try to \"create a new signal\" this way: use B<tgkill>(2) "
8920 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:993
8922 "The fact that signal injection requests may be ignored when restarting the "
8923 "tracee after ptrace stops that are not signal-delivery-stops is a cause of "
8924 "confusion among ptrace users. One typical scenario is that the tracer "
8925 "observes group-stop, mistakes it for signal-delivery-stop, restarts the "
8930 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:995
8932 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, stopsig)\n"
8936 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1001
8938 "with the intention of injecting I<stopsig>, but I<stopsig> gets ignored and "
8939 "the tracee continues to run."
8943 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1021
8945 "The B<SIGCONT> signal has a side effect of waking up (all threads of) a "
8946 "group-stopped process. This side effect happens before signal-delivery-"
8947 "stop. The tracer can't suppress this side effect (it can only suppress "
8948 "signal injection, which only causes the B<SIGCONT> handler to not be "
8949 "executed in the tracee, if such a handler is installed). In fact, waking up "
8950 "from group-stop may be followed by signal-delivery-stop for signal(s) "
8951 "I<other than> B<SIGCONT>, if they were pending when B<SIGCONT> was "
8952 "delivered. In other words, B<SIGCONT> may be not the first signal observed "
8953 "by the tracee after it was sent."
8957 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1025
8959 "Stopping signals cause (all threads of) a process to enter group-stop. This "
8960 "side effect happens after signal injection, and therefore can be suppressed "
8965 #. In the Linux 2.4 sources, in arch/i386/kernel/signal.c::do_signal(),
8967 #. /* The debugger continued. Ignore SIGSTOP. */
8968 #. if (signr == SIGSTOP)
8971 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1035
8972 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, the B<SIGSTOP> signal can't be injected."
8976 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1052
8978 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> can be used to retrieve a I<siginfo_t> structure which "
8979 "corresponds to the delivered signal. B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> may be used to "
8980 "modify it. If B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> has been used to alter I<siginfo_t>, the "
8981 "I<si_signo> field and the I<sig> parameter in the restarting command must "
8982 "match, otherwise the result is undefined."
8986 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1052
8992 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1064
8994 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a stopping signal, all "
8995 "threads stop. If some threads are traced, they enter a group-stop. Note "
8996 "that the stopping signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
8997 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
8998 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will group-stop be initiated on "
8999 "I<all> tracees within the multithreaded process. As usual, every tracee "
9000 "reports its group-stop separately to the corresponding tracer."
9004 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1073
9006 "Group-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning with "
9007 "I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the stopping signal available via I<WSTOPSIG"
9008 "(status)>. The same result is returned by some other classes of ptrace-"
9009 "stops, therefore the recommended practice is to perform the call"
9013 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1075
9015 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo)\n"
9019 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1096
9021 "The call can be avoided if the signal is not B<SIGSTOP>, B<SIGTSTP>, "
9022 "B<SIGTTIN>, or B<SIGTTOU>; only these four signals are stopping signals. If "
9023 "the tracer sees something else, it can't be a group-stop. Otherwise, the "
9024 "tracer needs to call B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. If B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> fails "
9025 "with B<EINVAL>, then it is definitely a group-stop. (Other failure codes "
9026 "are possible, such as B<ESRCH> (\"no such process\") if a B<SIGKILL> killed "
9031 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1106
9033 "If tracee was attached using B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, group-stop is indicated by "
9034 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>: I<statusE<gt>E<gt>16 == PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. This "
9035 "allows detection of group-stops without requiring an extra "
9036 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> call."
9040 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1115
9042 "As of Linux 2.6.38, after the tracer sees the tracee ptrace-stop and until "
9043 "it restarts or kills it, the tracee will not run, and will not send "
9044 "notifications (except B<SIGKILL> death) to the tracer, even if the tracer "
9045 "enters into another B<waitpid>(2) call."
9049 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1129
9051 "The kernel behavior described in the previous paragraph causes a problem "
9052 "with transparent handling of stopping signals. If the tracer restarts the "
9053 "tracee after group-stop, the stopping signal is effectively ignored\\(emthe "
9054 "tracee doesn't remain stopped, it runs. If the tracer doesn't restart the "
9055 "tracee before entering into the next B<waitpid>(2), future B<SIGCONT> "
9056 "signals will not be reported to the tracer; this would cause the B<SIGCONT> "
9057 "signals to have no effect on the tracee."
9061 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1140
9063 "Since Linux 3.4, there is a method to overcome this problem: instead of "
9064 "B<PTRACE_CONT>, a B<PTRACE_LISTEN> command can be used to restart a tracee "
9065 "in a way where it does not execute, but waits for a new event which it can "
9066 "report via B<waitpid>(2) (such as when it is restarted by a B<SIGCONT>)."
9070 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1140
9072 msgid "PTRACE_EVENT stops"
9076 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1146
9078 "If the tracer sets B<PTRACE_O_TRACE_*> options, the tracee will enter ptrace-"
9079 "stops called B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops."
9083 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1160
9085 "B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops are observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
9086 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)>, and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns B<SIGTRAP>. An "
9087 "additional bit is set in the higher byte of the status word: the value "
9088 "I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8> will be"
9092 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1162
9094 msgid " (SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_foo E<lt>E<lt> 8).\n"
9098 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1164
9099 msgid "The following events exist:"
9103 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1164
9105 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
9106 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
9109 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1177
9111 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
9112 "flag. When the tracee is continued after this stop, it will wait for child "
9113 "to exit/exec before continuing its execution (in other words, the usual "
9114 "behavior on B<vfork>(2))."
9118 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1177
9120 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
9121 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
9124 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1185
9126 "Stop before return from B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set "
9131 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1185
9133 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
9134 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
9137 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1189
9138 msgid "Stop before return from B<clone>(2)."
9142 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1189
9144 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
9145 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
9148 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1199
9150 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
9151 "flag, but after the child unblocked this tracee by exiting or execing."
9155 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1205
9157 "For all four stops described above, the stop occurs in the parent (i.e., the "
9158 "tracee), not in the newly created thread. B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> can be used "
9159 "to retrieve the new thread's ID."
9163 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1205
9165 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
9166 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
9169 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1212
9171 "Stop before return from B<execve>(2). Since Linux 3.0, "
9172 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the former thread ID."
9176 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1212
9178 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
9179 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
9182 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1228
9184 "Stop before exit (including death from B<exit_group>(2)), signal death, or "
9185 "exit caused by B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process. "
9186 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the exit status. Registers can be examined "
9187 "(unlike when \"real\" exit happens). The tracee is still alive; it needs to "
9188 "be B<PTRACE_CONT>ed or B<PTRACE_DETACH>ed to finish exiting."
9192 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1228
9194 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
9195 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
9198 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1240
9200 "Stop induced by B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command, or group-stop, or initial "
9201 "ptrace-stop when a new child is attached (only if attached using "
9202 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE>), or B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used."
9206 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1252
9208 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in "
9209 "I<si_signo>, with I<si_code> set to I<(eventE<lt>E<lt>8)\\ |\\ SIGTRAP>."
9213 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1252
9215 msgid "Syscall-stops"
9219 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1265
9221 "If the tracee was restarted by B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-"
9222 "enter-stop just prior to entering any system call. If the tracer restarts "
9223 "the tracee with B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-exit-stop when "
9224 "the system call is finished, or if it is interrupted by a signal. (That is, "
9225 "signal-delivery-stop never happens between syscall-enter-stop and syscall-"
9226 "exit-stop; it happens I<after> syscall-exit-stop.)"
9230 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1279
9232 "Other possibilities are that the tracee may stop in a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, "
9233 "exit (if it entered B<_exit>(2) or B<exit_group>(2)), be killed by "
9234 "B<SIGKILL>, or die silently (if it is a thread group leader, the B<execve>"
9235 "(2) happened in another thread, and that thread is not traced by the same "
9236 "tracer; this situation is discussed later)."
9240 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1294
9242 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are observed by the tracer as "
9243 "B<waitpid>(2) returning with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, and I<WSTOPSIG"
9244 "(status)> giving B<SIGTRAP>. If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option was set "
9245 "by the tracer, then I<WSTOPSIG(status)> will give the value I<(SIGTRAP\\ |\\ "
9250 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1300
9252 "Syscall-stops can be distinguished from signal-delivery-stop with B<SIGTRAP> "
9253 "by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for the following cases:"
9257 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1300
9259 msgid "I<si_code> E<lt>= 0"
9263 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1312
9265 "B<SIGTRAP> was delivered as a result of a user-space action, for example, a "
9266 "system call (B<tgkill>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), etc.), expiration of "
9267 "a POSIX timer, change of state on a POSIX message queue, or completion of an "
9268 "asynchronous I/O request."
9272 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1312
9274 msgid "I<si_code> == SI_KERNEL (0x80)"
9278 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1316
9279 msgid "B<SIGTRAP> was sent by the kernel."
9283 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1316
9285 msgid "I<si_code> == SIGTRAP or I<si_code> == (SIGTRAP|0x80)"
9289 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1319
9290 msgid "This is a syscall-stop."
9294 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1324
9296 "However, syscall-stops happen very often (twice per system call), and "
9297 "performing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for every syscall-stop may be somewhat "
9302 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1347
9304 "Some architectures allow the cases to be distinguished by examining "
9305 "registers. For example, on x86, I<rax> == -B<ENOSYS> in syscall-enter-"
9306 "stop. Since B<SIGTRAP> (like any other signal) always happens I<after> "
9307 "syscall-exit-stop, and at this point I<rax> almost never contains -"
9308 "B<ENOSYS>, the B<SIGTRAP> looks like \"syscall-stop which is not syscall-"
9309 "enter-stop\"; in other words, it looks like a \"stray syscall-exit-stop\" "
9310 "and can be detected this way. But such detection is fragile and is best "
9315 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1353
9317 "Using the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option is the recommended method to "
9318 "distinguish syscall-stops from other kinds of ptrace-stops, since it is "
9319 "reliable and does not incur a performance penalty."
9323 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1364
9325 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are indistinguishable from each "
9326 "other by the tracer. The tracer needs to keep track of the sequence of "
9327 "ptrace-stops in order to not misinterpret syscall-enter-stop as syscall-exit-"
9328 "stop or vice versa. The rule is that syscall-enter-stop is always followed "
9329 "by syscall-exit-stop, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop or the tracee's death; no other "
9330 "kinds of ptrace-stop can occur in between."
9334 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1369
9336 "If after syscall-enter-stop, the tracer uses a restarting command other than "
9337 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, syscall-exit-stop is not generated."
9341 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1381
9343 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on syscall-stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in I<si_signo>, "
9344 "with I<si_code> set to B<SIGTRAP> or I<(SIGTRAP|0x80)>."
9348 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1381
9350 msgid "PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU, PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP stops"
9355 #. document stops occurring with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU,
9356 #. PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP
9358 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1387
9359 msgid "[Details of these kinds of stops are yet to be documented.]"
9363 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1387
9365 msgid "Informational and restarting ptrace commands"
9369 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1397
9371 "Most ptrace commands (all except B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, "
9372 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and B<PTRACE_KILL>) require the "
9373 "tracee to be in a ptrace-stop, otherwise they fail with B<ESRCH>."
9377 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1402
9379 "When the tracee is in ptrace-stop, the tracer can read and write data to the "
9380 "tracee using informational commands. These commands leave the tracee in "
9381 "ptrace-stopped state:"
9385 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1414
9388 " ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT/PEEKDATA/PEEKUSER, pid, addr, 0);\n"
9389 " ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT/POKEDATA/POKEUSER, pid, addr, long_val);\n"
9390 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS/GETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
9391 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS/SETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
9392 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
9393 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
9394 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
9395 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
9396 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, 0, &long_var);\n"
9397 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
9401 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1426
9403 "Note that some errors are not reported. For example, setting signal "
9404 "information (I<siginfo>) may have no effect in some ptrace-stops, yet the "
9405 "call may succeed (return 0 and not set I<errno>); querying "
9406 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> may succeed and return some random value if current "
9407 "ptrace-stop is not documented as returning a meaningful event message."
9411 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1428
9416 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1430
9418 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
9422 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1439
9424 "affects one tracee. The tracee's current flags are replaced. Flags are "
9425 "inherited by new tracees created and \"auto-attached\" via active "
9426 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> "
9431 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1442
9433 "Another group of commands makes the ptrace-stopped tracee run. They have "
9438 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1444
9440 msgid " ptrace(cmd, pid, 0, sig);\n"
9444 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1465
9446 "where I<cmd> is B<PTRACE_CONT>, B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, B<PTRACE_DETACH>, "
9447 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, or "
9448 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, "
9449 "I<sig> is the signal to be injected (if it is nonzero). Otherwise, I<sig> "
9450 "may be ignored. (When restarting a tracee from a ptrace-stop other than "
9451 "signal-delivery-stop, recommended practice is to always pass 0 in I<sig>.)"
9455 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1465
9457 msgid "Attaching and detaching"
9461 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1467
9462 msgid "A thread can be attached to the tracer using the call"
9466 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1469
9468 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0);\n"
9472 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1471 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1968
9477 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1473
9479 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
9483 #. FIXME: Describe how to attach to a thread which is already
9486 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1498
9488 "B<PTRACE_ATTACH> sends B<SIGSTOP> to this thread. If the tracer wants this "
9489 "B<SIGSTOP> to have no effect, it needs to suppress it. Note that if other "
9490 "signals are concurrently sent to this thread during attach, the tracer may "
9491 "see the tracee enter signal-delivery-stop with other signal(s) first! The "
9492 "usual practice is to reinject these signals until B<SIGSTOP> is seen, then "
9493 "suppress B<SIGSTOP> injection. The design bug here is that a ptrace attach "
9494 "and a concurrently delivered B<SIGSTOP> may race and the concurrent "
9495 "B<SIGSTOP> may be lost."
9499 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1505
9501 "Since attaching sends B<SIGSTOP> and the tracer usually suppresses it, this "
9502 "may cause a stray B<EINTR> return from the currently executing system call "
9503 "in the tracee, as described in the \"Signal injection and suppression\" "
9508 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1517
9510 "Since Linux 3.4, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> can be used instead of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>. "
9511 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the attached process. If you need to stop it "
9512 "after attach (or at any other time) without sending it any signals, use "
9513 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
9517 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1519
9522 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1521
9524 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0);\n"
9528 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1527
9530 "turns the calling thread into a tracee. The thread continues to run "
9531 "(doesn't enter ptrace-stop). A common practice is to follow the "
9532 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> with"
9536 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1529
9538 msgid " raise(SIGSTOP);\n"
9542 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1532
9544 "and allow the parent (which is our tracer now) to observe our signal-"
9549 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1556
9551 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or "
9552 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> options are in effect, then children created by, "
9553 "respectively, B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, "
9554 "B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, and "
9555 "other kinds of B<clone>(2), are automatically attached to the same tracer "
9556 "which traced their parent. B<SIGSTOP> is delivered to the children, causing "
9557 "them to enter signal-delivery-stop after they exit the system call which "
9562 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1558
9563 msgid "Detaching of the tracee is performed by:"
9567 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1560
9569 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, sig);\n"
9573 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1568
9575 "B<PTRACE_DETACH> is a restarting operation; therefore it requires the tracee "
9576 "to be in ptrace-stop. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, a signal "
9577 "can be injected. Otherwise, the I<sig> parameter may be silently ignored."
9580 #. FIXME: Describe how to detach from a group-stopped tracee so that it
9581 #. doesn't run, but continues to wait for SIGCONT.
9583 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1592
9585 "If the tracee is running when the tracer wants to detach it, the usual "
9586 "solution is to send B<SIGSTOP> (using B<tgkill>(2), to make sure it goes to "
9587 "the correct thread), wait for the tracee to stop in signal-delivery-stop for "
9588 "B<SIGSTOP> and then detach it (suppressing B<SIGSTOP> injection). A design "
9589 "bug is that this can race with concurrent B<SIGSTOP>s. Another complication "
9590 "is that the tracee may enter other ptrace-stops and needs to be restarted "
9591 "and waited for again, until B<SIGSTOP> is seen. Yet another complication is "
9592 "to be sure that the tracee is not already ptrace-stopped, because no signal "
9593 "delivery happens while it is\\(emnot even B<SIGSTOP>."
9597 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1600
9599 "If the tracer dies, all tracees are automatically detached and restarted, "
9600 "unless they were in group-stop. Handling of restart from group-stop is "
9601 "currently buggy, but the \"as planned\" behavior is to leave tracee stopped "
9602 "and waiting for B<SIGCONT>. If the tracee is restarted from signal-delivery-"
9603 "stop, the pending signal is injected."
9607 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1600
9609 msgid "execve(2) under ptrace"
9613 #. clone(2) CLONE_THREAD says:
9614 #. If any of the threads in a thread group performs an execve(2),
9615 #. then all threads other than the thread group leader are terminated,
9616 #. and the new program is executed in the thread group leader.
9617 #. In kernel 3.1 sources, see fs/exec.c::de_thread()
9619 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1619
9621 "When one thread in a multithreaded process calls B<execve>(2), the kernel "
9622 "destroys all other threads in the process, and resets the thread ID of the "
9623 "execing thread to the thread group ID (process ID). (Or, to put things "
9624 "another way, when a multithreaded process does an B<execve>(2), at "
9625 "completion of the call, it appears as though the B<execve>(2) occurred in "
9626 "the thread group leader, regardless of which thread did the B<execve>(2).) "
9627 "This resetting of the thread ID looks very confusing to tracers:"
9631 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1629
9633 "All other threads stop in B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop, if the "
9634 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option was turned on. Then all other threads except "
9635 "the thread group leader report death as if they exited via B<_exit>(2) with "
9640 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1637
9642 "The execing tracee changes its thread ID while it is in the B<execve>(2). "
9643 "(Remember, under ptrace, the \"pid\" returned from B<waitpid>(2), or fed "
9644 "into ptrace calls, is the tracee's thread ID.) That is, the tracee's thread "
9645 "ID is reset to be the same as its process ID, which is the same as the "
9646 "thread group leader's thread ID."
9650 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1643
9652 "Then a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop happens, if the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
9653 "option was turned on."
9657 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1664
9659 "If the thread group leader has reported its B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop by "
9660 "this time, it appears to the tracer that the dead thread leader \"reappears "
9661 "from nowhere\". (Note: the thread group leader does not report death via "
9662 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> until there is at least one other live thread. This "
9663 "eliminates the possibility that the tracer will see it dying and then "
9664 "reappearing.) If the thread group leader was still alive, for the tracer "
9665 "this may look as if thread group leader returns from a different system call "
9666 "than it entered, or even \"returned from a system call even though it was "
9667 "not in any system call\". If the thread group leader was not traced (or was "
9668 "traced by a different tracer), then during B<execve>(2) it will appear as "
9669 "if it has become a tracee of the tracer of the execing tracee."
9673 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1667
9675 "All of the above effects are the artifacts of the thread ID change in the "
9680 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1687
9682 "The B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is the recommended tool for dealing with "
9683 "this situation. First, it enables B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop, which occurs "
9684 "before B<execve>(2) returns. In this stop, the tracer can use "
9685 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> to retrieve the tracee's former thread ID. (This "
9686 "feature was introduced in Linux 3.0). Second, the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
9687 "option disables legacy B<SIGTRAP> generation on B<execve>(2)."
9691 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1693
9693 "When the tracer receives B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, it is "
9694 "guaranteed that except this tracee and the thread group leader, no other "
9695 "threads from the process are alive."
9699 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1701
9701 "On receiving the B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, the tracer should "
9702 "clean up all its internal data structures describing the threads of this "
9703 "process, and retain only one data structure\\(emone which describes the "
9704 "single still running tracee, with"
9708 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1703
9710 msgid " thread ID == thread group ID == process ID.\n"
9714 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1707
9715 msgid "Example: two threads call B<execve>(2) at the same time:"
9719 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1718
9722 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 1: **\n"
9723 "PID1 execve(\"/bin/foo\", \"foo\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
9724 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 1 **\n"
9725 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 2: **\n"
9726 "PID2 execve(\"/bin/bar\", \"bar\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
9727 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 2 **\n"
9728 "*** we get PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC for PID0, we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL **\n"
9729 "*** we get syscall-exit-stop for PID0: **\n"
9730 "PID0 E<lt>... execve resumedE<gt> ) = 0\n"
9734 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1741
9736 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is I<not> in effect for the execing "
9737 "tracee, the kernel delivers an extra B<SIGTRAP> to the tracee after B<execve>"
9738 "(2) returns. This is an ordinary signal (similar to one which can be "
9739 "generated by I<kill -TRAP>), not a special kind of ptrace-stop. Employing "
9740 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for this signal returns I<si_code> set to 0 "
9741 "(I<SI_USER>). This signal may be blocked by signal mask, and thus may be "
9742 "delivered (much) later."
9746 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1760
9748 "Usually, the tracer (for example, B<strace>(1)) would not want to show this "
9749 "extra post-execve B<SIGTRAP> signal to the user, and would suppress its "
9750 "delivery to the tracee (if B<SIGTRAP> is set to B<SIG_DFL>, it is a killing "
9751 "signal). However, determining I<which> B<SIGTRAP> to suppress is not easy. "
9752 "Setting the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option and thus suppressing this extra "
9753 "B<SIGTRAP> is the recommended approach."
9757 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1760
9763 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1767
9765 "The ptrace API (ab)uses the standard UNIX parent/child signaling over "
9766 "B<waitpid>(2). This used to cause the real parent of the process to stop "
9767 "receiving several kinds of B<waitpid>(2) notifications when the child "
9768 "process is traced by some other process."
9772 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1770
9774 "Many of these bugs have been fixed, but as of Linux 2.6.38 several still "
9775 "exist; see BUGS below."
9779 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1772
9780 msgid "As of Linux 2.6.38, the following is believed to work correctly:"
9784 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1780
9786 "exit/death by signal is reported first to the tracer, then, when the tracer "
9787 "consumes the B<waitpid>(2) result, to the real parent (to the real parent "
9788 "only when the whole multithreaded process exits). If the tracer and the "
9789 "real parent are the same process, the report is sent only once."
9793 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1791
9796 #| "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while "
9797 #| "other requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and "
9798 #| "I<errno> is set appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful "
9799 #| "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the caller must check I<errno> after "
9800 #| "such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred."
9802 "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while other "
9803 "requests return zero. (On Linux, this is done in the libc wrapper around "
9804 "ptrace system call. On the system call level, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests have "
9805 "a different API: they store the result at the address specified by I<data> "
9806 "parameter, and return value is the error flag.)"
9808 "成功すると、 B<PTRACE_PEEK*> の場合は要求したデータを返し、 それ以外の場合は "
9809 "0 を返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。 "
9810 "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> が成功して返す値も -1 になることがあるため、 そのような要求"
9811 "の場合には、呼び出し元は I<errno> を調べ、エラーか発生したのかどうかを判断し"
9815 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1801
9818 #| "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while "
9819 #| "other requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and "
9820 #| "I<errno> is set appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful "
9821 #| "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the caller must check I<errno> after "
9822 #| "such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred."
9824 "On error, all requests return -1, and I<errno> is set appropriately. Since "
9825 "the value returned by a successful B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the "
9826 "caller must clear I<errno> before the call, and then check it afterward to "
9827 "determine whether or not an error occurred."
9829 "成功すると、 B<PTRACE_PEEK*> の場合は要求したデータを返し、 それ以外の場合は "
9830 "0 を返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。 "
9831 "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> が成功して返す値も -1 になることがあるため、 そのような要求"
9832 "の場合には、呼び出し元は I<errno> を調べ、エラーか発生したのかどうかを判断し"
9836 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1805
9838 "(i386 only) There was an error with allocating or freeing a debug register."
9839 msgstr "(i386 のみ) デバッグレジスタの確保または解放でエラーが発生した。"
9842 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1816
9845 #| "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
9846 #| "parent's or child's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
9847 #| "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this "
9848 #| "fault will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
9850 "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
9851 "tracer's or the tracee's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
9852 "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this fault "
9853 "will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
9855 "親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの不正な領域に読み書きしようとした。 おそら"
9856 "くその領域がマッピングされていないか、 その領域へのアクセスが許されていないか"
9857 "である。 不運なことに、Linux ではこのようなエラーの場合、多かれ少なかれ 恣意"
9858 "的に B<EIO> を返したり B<EFAULT> を返したりすることがある。"
9861 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1819
9862 msgid "An attempt was made to set an invalid option."
9863 msgstr "不正なオプションを設定しようとした。"
9866 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1826
9869 #| "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
9870 #| "invalid area in the parent's or child's memory, or there was a word-"
9871 #| "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
9874 "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
9875 "invalid area in the tracer's or the tracee's memory, or there was a word-"
9876 "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
9879 "I<request> が不正である。 または、親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの 不正な"
9880 "領域に読み書きしようとした。 または、ワード境界違反があった。 または、実行再"
9881 "開の要求で不正なシグナルを指定した。"
9884 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1839
9887 #| "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the parent "
9888 #| "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is "
9889 #| "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that "
9890 #| "they cannot send signals to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID "
9891 #| "programs, for obvious reasons. Alternatively, the process may already be "
9892 #| "being traced, or be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
9894 "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the tracer "
9895 "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); "
9896 "unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that they cannot send signals "
9897 "to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID programs, for obvious reasons. "
9898 "Alternatively, the process may already be being traced, or (on kernels "
9899 "before 2.6.26) be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
9901 "指定したプロセスをトレースすることができない。これは親プロセスが 必要な権限 "
9902 "(必要なケーパビリティは B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>) を持っていないことが原因の場合が"
9903 "ある。 分かりやすい理由を挙げるなら、 非特権プロセスはシグナルを送ることがで"
9904 "きないプロセスをトレースできないし、 set-user-ID/set-group-ID プログラムを実"
9905 "行しているプロセスはトレースできない。 または、プロセスはすでにトレース中であ"
9906 "る、 または B<init>(8) プロセス (PID が 1) である。"
9909 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1844
9912 #| "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
9913 #| "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require that)."
9915 "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
9916 "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require a stopped tracee)."
9918 "指定したプロセスが存在しない。 または、指定したプロセスは呼び出したプロセス"
9919 "が 現在トレース中の子プロセスではない。 または、指定したプロセスが停止してい"
9920 "ない (停止していることが必要な要求の場合)。"
9923 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1846
9924 msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
9925 msgstr "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
9928 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1861
9931 #| "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
9932 #| "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
9933 #| "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. This means that "
9934 #| "unneeded trailing arguments may be omitted, though doing so makes use of "
9935 #| "undocumented B<gcc>(1) behavior."
9937 "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
9938 "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
9939 "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. It is recommended to "
9940 "always supply four arguments, even if the requested operation does not use "
9941 "them, setting unused/ignored arguments to I<0L> or I<(void\\ *)\\ 0>."
9943 "B<ptrace>() の引き数は上のようなプロトタイプに基づいて解釈されるが、 glibc "
9944 "では、現在のところ B<ptrace>() は I<request> 引き数だけが固定の可変長引き数"
9945 "関数として 宣言されている。 これは必要なければ残りの引き数は省略可能であるこ"
9946 "とを意味するが、 それは B<gcc>(1) の明文化されていない動作を利用していること"
9949 #. See commit 00cd5c37afd5f431ac186dd131705048c0a11fdb
9951 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1866
9953 #| msgid "B<init>(8), the process with PID 1, may not be traced."
9955 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.26, B<init>(8), the process with PID 1, may not "
9957 msgstr "B<init>(8) すなわち PID が 1 のプロセスはトレースすることができない。"
9959 #. See http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375
9961 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1873
9964 #| "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite OS- and "
9965 #| "architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data returned, might "
9966 #| "not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
9968 "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite operating-"
9969 "system- and architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data "
9970 "returned, might not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
9972 "メモリや USER 領域の内容や配置は OS ごと、アーキテクチャごとに 非常に依存す"
9973 "る。 オフセットが指定された場合、返されるデータは I<struct user> の定義と完全"
9977 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1876
9980 #| "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the OS variant (e.g., for 32-bit "
9981 #| "Linux it is 32 bits, etc.)."
9983 "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the operating-system variant (e.g., "
9984 "for 32-bit Linux it is 32 bits)."
9986 "「ワード (word) 」の大きさは OS によって決まる。 (例えば、32 ビットの Linux "
9990 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1884
9993 #| "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in "
9994 #| "Linux. Its behavior differs noticeably on other flavors of UNIX. In any "
9995 #| "case, use of B<ptrace>() is highly OS- and architecture-specific."
9997 "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in Linux. "
9998 "Its behavior differs noticeably on other flavors of UNIX. In any case, use "
9999 "of B<ptrace>() is highly specific to the operating system and architecture."
10001 "このマニュアルは現在の Linux における B<ptrace>() コールの動作について記述し"
10002 "ている。他の UNIX では その動作は著しく異なる。 いかなる場合も B<ptrace>() "
10003 "を使うと OS やアーキテクチャに非常に依存したものになる。"
10005 #. type: Plain text
10006 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1895
10009 #| "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
10010 #| "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications "
10011 #| "compiled with such headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be "
10012 #| "worked around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to "
10013 #| "B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if that is defined."
10015 "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
10016 "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications compiled "
10017 "with 2.6 kernel headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be worked "
10018 "around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if "
10021 "カーネル 2.6 のヘッダがインストールされたホストでは、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> は"
10022 "カーネル 2.4 のヘッダとは異なる値で宣言される。 このため、カーネル 2.6 のヘッ"
10023 "ダでコンパイルされたアプリケーションは カーネル 2.4 では正しく動作しない。 こ"
10024 "の問題は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> が定義されていた際は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> "
10025 "を B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS> に定義し直すことで対処できる。"
10027 #. type: Plain text
10028 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1898
10030 "Group-stop notifications are sent to the tracer, but not to real parent. "
10031 "Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
10034 #. Note from Denys Vlasenko:
10035 #. Here "exits" means any kind of death - _exit, exit_group,
10036 #. signal death. Signal death and exit_group cases are trivial,
10037 #. though: since signal death and exit_group kill all other threads
10038 #. too, "until all other threads exit" thing happens rather soon
10039 #. in these cases. Therefore, only _exit presents observably
10040 #. puzzling behavior to ptrace users: thread leader _exit's,
10041 #. but WIFEXITED isn't reported! We are trying to explain here
10043 #. FIXME: ^^^ need to test/verify this scenario
10044 #. type: Plain text
10045 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1929
10047 "If a thread group leader is traced and exits by calling B<_exit>(2), a "
10048 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop will happen for it (if requested), but the "
10049 "subsequent B<WIFEXITED> notification will not be delivered until all other "
10050 "threads exit. As explained above, if one of other threads calls B<execve>"
10051 "(2), the death of the thread group leader will I<never> be reported. If the "
10052 "execed thread is not traced by this tracer, the tracer will never know that "
10053 "B<execve>(2) happened. One possible workaround is to B<PTRACE_DETACH> the "
10054 "thread group leader instead of restarting it in this case. Last confirmed "
10058 #. type: Plain text
10059 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1939
10061 "A B<SIGKILL> signal may still cause a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop before "
10062 "actual signal death. This may be changed in the future; B<SIGKILL> is meant "
10063 "to always immediately kill tasks even under ptrace. Last confirmed on "
10067 #. type: Plain text
10068 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1957
10070 "Some system calls return with B<EINTR> if a signal was sent to a tracee, but "
10071 "delivery was suppressed by the tracer. (This is very typical operation: it "
10072 "is usually done by debuggers on every attach, in order to not introduce a "
10073 "bogus B<SIGSTOP>). As of Linux 3.2.9, the following system calls are "
10074 "affected (this list is likely incomplete): B<epoll_wait>(2), and B<read>(2) "
10075 "from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor. The usual symptom of this bug is "
10076 "that when you attach to a quiescent process with the command"
10079 #. type: Plain text
10080 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1959
10082 msgid " strace -p E<lt>process-IDE<gt>\n"
10085 #. type: Plain text
10086 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1962
10087 msgid "then, instead of the usual and expected one-line output such as"
10090 #. type: Plain text
10091 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1965
10093 msgid " restart_syscall(E<lt>... resuming interrupted call ...E<gt>_\n"
10096 #. type: Plain text
10097 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1971
10099 msgid " select(6, [5], NULL, [5], NULL_\n"
10102 #. type: Plain text
10103 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1975
10105 "('_' denotes the cursor position), you observe more than one line. For "
10109 #. type: Plain text
10110 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1979
10113 " clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, {15370, 690928118}) = 0\n"
10114 " epoll_wait(4,_\n"
10117 #. type: Plain text
10118 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2000
10120 "What is not visible here is that the process was blocked in B<epoll_wait>"
10121 "(2) before B<strace>(1) has attached to it. Attaching caused B<epoll_wait>"
10122 "(2) to return to user space with the error B<EINTR>. In this particular "
10123 "case, the program reacted to B<EINTR> by checking the current time, and then "
10124 "executing B<epoll_wait>(2) again. (Programs which do not expect such "
10125 "\"stray\" B<EINTR> errors may behave in an unintended way upon an B<strace>"
10129 #. type: Plain text
10130 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2014
10132 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), B<gettid>"
10133 "(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), "
10134 "B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
10136 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2),\n"
10137 "B<gettid>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2),\n"
10138 "B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
10141 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
10147 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
10150 msgstr "2010-06-16"
10152 #. type: Plain text
10153 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30
10154 msgid "quotactl - manipulate disk quotas"
10155 msgstr "quotactl - ディスク quota を操作する"
10157 #. type: Plain text
10158 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:34
10161 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
10162 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
10164 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
10165 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
10167 #. type: Plain text
10168 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:37
10170 msgid "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
10171 msgstr "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
10173 #. type: Plain text
10174 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:49
10177 #| "The quota system defines for each user and/or group a soft limit and a "
10178 #| "hard limit bounding the amount of disk space that can be used on a given "
10179 #| "file system. The hard limit cannot be crossed. The soft limit can be "
10180 #| "crossed, but warnings will ensue. Moreover, the user cannot be above the "
10181 #| "soft limit for more than one week (by default) at a time: after this "
10182 #| "week the soft limit counts as hard limit."
10184 "The quota system can be used to set per-user and per-group limits on the "
10185 "amount of disk space used on a filesystem. For each user and/or group, a "
10186 "soft limit and a hard limit can be set for each filesystem. The hard limit "
10187 "can't be exceeded. The soft limit can be exceeded, but warnings will "
10188 "ensue. Moreover, the user can't exceed the soft limit for more than one "
10189 "week (by default) at a time; after this time, the soft limit counts as a "
10192 "quota システムは、各々のユーザ及び/またはグループに対して、 ソフト・リミット"
10193 "及びハード・リミットを定める。これはあるファイル・システムで 使用する事が出来"
10194 "るディスク容量を制限する。 ハード・リミットは超過することは出来ない。 ソフ"
10195 "ト・リミットは超過する事が出来るが、警告が発せられる。 更に、(デフォルトで"
10196 "は) 一週間以上ソフト・リミットを超過したままに しておく事はできない: 一週間経"
10197 "過した後はハード・リミットを超過したと みなされる。"
10199 #. type: Plain text
10200 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:74
10203 #| "The B<quotactl>() system call manipulates these quota. Its first "
10204 #| "argument is of the form B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> where I<type> is "
10205 #| "either B<USRQUOTA> or B<GRPQUOTA> (for user quota and group quota, "
10206 #| "respectively), and I<subcmd> is described below."
10208 "The B<quotactl>() call manipulates disk quotas. The I<cmd> argument "
10209 "indicates a command to be applied to the user or group ID specified in "
10210 "I<id>. To initialize the I<cmd> argument, use the I<QCMD(subcmd, type)> "
10211 "macro. The I<type> value is either B<USRQUOTA>, for user quotas, or "
10212 "B<GRPQUOTA>, for group quotas. The I<subcmd> value is described below."
10214 "B<quotactl>() システムコールはこれらの quota に対する操作を行なう。 最初の引"
10215 "き数は B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> という形式である。 I<type> には、ユー"
10216 "ザー quota については B<USRQUOTA> を、グループ quota については B<GRPQUOTA> "
10217 "を指定する。 I<subcmd> は以下で説明する。"
10219 #. type: Plain text
10220 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:79
10222 "The I<special> argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing "
10223 "the pathname of the (mounted) block special device for the filesystem being "
10227 #. type: Plain text
10228 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:87
10230 "The I<addr> argument is the address of an optional, command-specific, data "
10231 "structure that is copied in or out of the system. The interpretation of "
10232 "I<addr> is given with each command below."
10235 #. type: Plain text
10236 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
10237 msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
10238 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
10241 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
10243 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
10244 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
10246 #. type: Plain text
10247 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:98
10249 "Turn on quotas for a filesystem. The I<id> argument is the identification "
10250 "number of the quota format to be used. Currently, there are three supported "
10255 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:99
10257 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_OLD>"
10260 #. type: Plain text
10261 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
10262 msgid "The original quota format."
10266 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
10268 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V0>"
10271 #. type: Plain text
10272 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
10274 "The standard VFS v0 quota format, which can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and "
10275 "quota limits up to 2^42 bytes and 2^32 inodes."
10279 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
10281 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V1>"
10284 #. type: Plain text
10285 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:110
10287 "A quota format that can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and quota limits of 2^64 "
10288 "bytes and 2^64 inodes."
10291 #. type: Plain text
10292 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
10294 "The I<addr> argument points to the pathname of a file containing the quotas "
10295 "for the filesystem. The quota file must exist; it is normally created with "
10296 "the B<quotacheck>(8) program. This operation requires privilege "
10297 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
10301 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
10303 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
10304 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
10306 #. type: Plain text
10307 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
10309 "Turn off quotas for a filesystem. The I<addr> and I<id> arguments are "
10310 "ignored. This operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
10314 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
10316 msgid "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
10317 msgstr "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
10319 #. type: Plain text
10320 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:142
10323 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
10324 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
10326 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user or group I<id>. The "
10327 "I<addr> argument is a pointer to a I<dqblk> structure defined in I<E<lt>sys/"
10328 "quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
10330 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
10331 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
10333 #. type: Plain text
10334 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:147 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:234
10337 "/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64-bit integer;\n"
10338 " uint32_t is an unsigned 32-bit integer */\n"
10341 #. type: Plain text
10342 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:167
10345 "struct dqblk { /* Definition since Linux 2.4.22 */\n"
10346 " uint64_t dqb_bhardlimit; /* absolute limit on disk\n"
10347 " quota blocks alloc */\n"
10348 " uint64_t dqb_bsoftlimit; /* preferred limit on\n"
10349 " disk quota blocks */\n"
10350 " uint64_t dqb_curspace; /* current quota block\n"
10352 " uint64_t dqb_ihardlimit; /* maximum number of\n"
10353 " allocated inodes */\n"
10354 " uint64_t dqb_isoftlimit; /* preferred inode limit */\n"
10355 " uint64_t dqb_curinodes; /* current number of\n"
10356 " allocated inodes */\n"
10357 " uint64_t dqb_btime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
10359 " uint64_t dqb_itime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
10361 " uint32_t dqb_valid; /* bit mask of QIF_*\n"
10366 #. type: Plain text
10367 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:170
10370 "/* Flags in dqb_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
10371 " dqblk structure are valid. */\n"
10374 #. type: Plain text
10375 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:181
10378 "#define QIF_BLIMITS 1\n"
10379 "#define QIF_SPACE 2\n"
10380 "#define QIF_ILIMITS 4\n"
10381 "#define QIF_INODES 8\n"
10382 "#define QIF_BTIME 16\n"
10383 "#define QIF_ITIME 32\n"
10384 "#define QIF_LIMITS (QIF_BLIMITS | QIF_ILIMITS)\n"
10385 "#define QIF_USAGE (QIF_SPACE | QIF_INODES)\n"
10386 "#define QIF_TIMES (QIF_BTIME | QIF_ITIME)\n"
10387 "#define QIF_ALL (QIF_LIMITS | QIF_USAGE | QIF_TIMES)\n"
10390 #. type: Plain text
10391 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
10393 "The I<dqb_valid> field is a bit mask that is set to indicate the entries in "
10394 "the I<dqblk> structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all "
10395 "entries of the I<dqblk> structure and marks them as valid in the "
10396 "I<dqb_valid> field. Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own quotas; "
10397 "a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can retrieve the quotas of any user."
10401 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
10403 msgid "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
10404 msgstr "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
10406 #. type: Plain text
10407 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
10409 "Set quota information for user or group I<id>, using the information "
10410 "supplied in the I<dqblk> structure pointed to by I<addr>. The I<dqb_valid> "
10411 "field of the I<dqblk> structure indicates which entries in the structure "
10412 "have been set by the caller. This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETQLIM> and "
10413 "B<Q_SETUSE> operations in the previous quota interfaces. This operation "
10414 "requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
10418 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
10420 msgid "B<Q_GETINFO>"
10421 msgstr "B<Q_GETINFO>"
10423 #. type: Plain text
10424 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:229
10427 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
10428 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
10430 "Get information (like grace times) about quotafile. The I<addr> argument "
10431 "should be a pointer to a I<dqinfo> structure. This structure is defined in "
10432 "I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
10434 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
10435 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
10437 #. type: Plain text
10438 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:238
10441 "struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
10442 " uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
10443 " becomes hard limit */\n"
10446 #. type: Plain text
10447 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:245
10450 " uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
10451 " becomes hard limit */\n"
10452 " uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
10454 " uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
10458 #. type: Plain text
10459 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:247
10461 msgid "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
10464 #. type: Plain text
10465 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:249
10467 msgid "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
10470 #. type: Plain text
10471 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:251
10473 msgid "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
10476 #. type: Plain text
10477 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:253
10479 msgid "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
10482 #. type: Plain text
10483 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:256
10486 "/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
10487 " dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
10490 #. type: Plain text
10491 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:261
10494 "# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
10495 "# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
10496 "# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
10497 "# define IIF_ALL\t(IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
10500 #. type: Plain text
10501 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
10503 "The I<dqi_valid> field in the I<dqinfo> structure indicates the entries in "
10504 "the structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of "
10505 "the I<dqinfo> structure and marks them all as valid in the I<dqi_valid> "
10506 "field. The I<id> argument is ignored."
10510 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
10512 msgid "B<Q_SETINFO>"
10513 msgstr "B<Q_SETINFO>"
10515 #. type: Plain text
10516 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
10518 "Set information about quotafile. The I<addr> argument should be a pointer "
10519 "to a I<dqinfo> structure. The I<dqi_valid> field of the I<dqinfo> structure "
10520 "indicates the entries in the structure that have been set by the caller. "
10521 "This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETGRACE> and B<Q_SETFLAGS> operations in "
10522 "the previous quota interfaces. The I<id> argument is ignored. This "
10523 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
10527 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
10529 msgid "B<Q_GETFMT>"
10530 msgstr "B<Q_GETFMT>"
10532 #. type: Plain text
10533 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
10535 "Get quota format used on the specified filesystem. The I<addr> argument "
10536 "should be a pointer to a 4-byte buffer where the format number will be "
10541 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
10546 #. type: Plain text
10547 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
10549 "Update the on-disk copy of quota usages for a filesystem. If I<special> is "
10550 "NULL, then all filesystems with active quotas are sync'ed. The I<addr> and "
10551 "I<id> arguments are ignored."
10555 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
10557 msgid "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
10558 msgstr "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
10560 #. Q_GETSTATS was removed in kernel 2.4.22.
10561 #. type: Plain text
10562 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:339
10564 "Get statistics and other generic information about the quota subsystem. The "
10565 "I<addr> argument should be a pointer to a I<dqstats> structure in which data "
10566 "should be stored. This structure is defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>.> "
10567 "The I<special> and I<id> arguments are ignored. This operation is obsolete "
10568 "and not supported by recent kernels. Files in I</proc/sys/fs/quota/> carry "
10569 "the information instead."
10572 #. type: Plain text
10573 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
10575 "For XFS filesystems making use of the XFS Quota Manager (XQM), the above "
10576 "commands are bypassed and the following commands are used:"
10580 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
10582 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
10583 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
10585 #. type: Plain text
10586 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
10588 "Turn on quotas for an XFS filesystem. XFS provides the ability to turn on/"
10589 "off quota limit enforcement with quota accounting. Therefore, XFS expects "
10590 "I<addr> to be a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that contains either the flags "
10591 "B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ENFD> (for user quota), or "
10592 "B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ENFD> (for group quota), as "
10593 "defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>. This operation requires privilege "
10594 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
10598 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
10600 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
10601 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
10603 #. type: Plain text
10604 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
10606 "Turn off quotas for an XFS filesystem. As with B<Q_QUOTAON>, XFS "
10607 "filesystems expect a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that specifies whether "
10608 "quota accounting and/or limit enforcement need to be turned off. This "
10609 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
10613 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
10615 msgid "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
10616 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
10618 #. type: Plain text
10619 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
10621 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user I<id>. The I<addr> "
10622 "argument is a pointer to an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in "
10623 "I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own "
10624 "quotas; a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) may retrieve the quotas of any "
10629 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
10631 msgid "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
10632 msgstr "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
10634 #. type: Plain text
10635 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
10637 "Set disk quota limits for user I<id>. The I<addr> argument is a pointer to "
10638 "an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). This "
10639 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
10643 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
10645 msgid "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
10646 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
10648 #. type: Plain text
10649 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
10651 "Returns an I<fs_quota_stat> structure containing XFS filesystem specific "
10652 "quota information. This is useful for finding out how much space is used to "
10653 "store quota information, and also to get quotaon/off status of a given local "
10658 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
10660 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
10661 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
10663 #. type: Plain text
10664 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:412
10666 "Free the disk space taken by disk quotas. Quotas must have already been "
10670 #. type: Plain text
10671 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
10673 "There is no command equivalent to B<Q_SYNC> for XFS since B<sync>(1) writes "
10674 "quota information to disk (in addition to the other filesystem metadata that "
10678 #. type: Plain text
10679 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
10681 "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0; on error -1 is returned, and I<errno> "
10682 "is set to indicate the error."
10684 "成功すると、 B<quotactl>() は 0 を返す。\n"
10685 "エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
10687 #. type: Plain text
10688 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434
10689 msgid "I<addr> or I<special> is invalid."
10692 #. type: Plain text
10693 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
10694 msgid "I<cmd> or I<type> is invalid."
10698 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
10703 #. type: Plain text
10704 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
10705 msgid "The file specified by I<special> or I<addr> does not exist."
10708 #. type: Plain text
10709 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
10710 msgid "The kernel has not been compiled with the B<CONFIG_QUOTA> option."
10714 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
10717 msgstr "B<ENOTBLK>"
10719 #. type: Plain text
10720 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
10721 msgid "I<special> is not a block device."
10722 msgstr "I<special> がブロックデバイスではない。"
10724 #. type: Plain text
10725 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
10727 "The caller lacked the required privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) for the "
10728 "specified operation."
10731 #. type: Plain text
10732 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:465
10734 "No disk quota is found for the indicated user. Quotas have not been turned "
10735 "on for this filesystem."
10738 #. type: Plain text
10739 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
10740 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
10743 #. type: Plain text
10744 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:477
10745 msgid "Specified limits are out of range allowed by quota format."
10748 #. type: Plain text
10749 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
10750 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_QUOTAON>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
10753 #. type: Plain text
10754 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
10756 "The quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not a regular file; or, "
10757 "the quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not on the filesystem "
10758 "pointed to by I<special>."
10761 #. type: Plain text
10762 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
10764 "B<Q_QUOTAON> attempted, but another B<Q_QUOTAON> had already been performed."
10767 #. type: Plain text
10768 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
10769 msgid "The quota file is corrupted."
10770 msgstr "quota ファイルが壊れている。"
10772 #. type: Plain text
10773 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
10774 msgid "Specified quota format was not found."
10777 #. type: Plain text
10778 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512
10779 msgid "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
10780 msgstr "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
10783 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
10789 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
10792 msgstr "2011-09-14"
10794 #. type: Plain text
10795 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
10796 msgid "sendfile - transfer data between file descriptors"
10797 msgstr "sendfile - ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でデータを転送する"
10799 #. type: Plain text
10800 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:24
10801 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
10802 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
10804 #. The below is too ugly. Comments about glibc versions belong
10805 #. in the notes, not in the header.
10806 #. .B #include <features.h>
10808 #. .B #if (__GLIBC__==2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__>=1) || __GLIBC__>2
10810 #. .B #include <sys/sendfile.h>
10814 #. .B #include <sys/types.h>
10816 #. .B /* No system prototype before glibc 2.1. */
10818 #. .BI "ssize_t sendfile(int" " out_fd" ", int" " in_fd" ", off_t *" #. offset ", size_t" " count" )
10821 #. type: Plain text
10822 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
10824 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
10825 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
10827 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
10828 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
10830 #. type: Plain text
10831 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:57
10833 "B<sendfile>() copies data between one file descriptor and another. Because "
10834 "this copying is done within the kernel, B<sendfile>() is more efficient "
10835 "than the combination of B<read>(2) and B<write>(2), which would require "
10836 "transferring data to and from user space."
10838 "B<sendfile>() は、あるファイル・ディスクリプタから別の ファイル・ディスクリ"
10839 "プタへのデータのコピーを行う。 このコピーはカーネル内で行われるので、 "
10840 "B<sendfile>() は、 B<read>(2) と B<write>(2) を組み合わせるよりも効率がよ"
10841 "い。 B<read>(2) や B<write>(2) ではユーザ空間との間でデータの転送が必要とな"
10844 #. type: Plain text
10845 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:62
10847 "I<in_fd> should be a file descriptor opened for reading and I<out_fd> should "
10848 "be a descriptor opened for writing."
10850 "I<in_fd> は読み込みのためにオープンされたファイル・ディスクリプタ、 "
10851 "I<out_fd> は書き込みのためにオープンされたディスクリプタでなければならない。"
10853 #. type: Plain text
10854 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:83
10856 "If I<offset> is not NULL, then it points to a variable holding the file "
10857 "offset from which B<sendfile>() will start reading data from I<in_fd>. "
10858 "When B<sendfile>() returns, this variable will be set to the offset of the "
10859 "byte following the last byte that was read. If I<offset> is not NULL, then "
10860 "B<sendfile>() does not modify the current file offset of I<in_fd>; "
10861 "otherwise the current file offset is adjusted to reflect the number of bytes "
10862 "read from I<in_fd>."
10864 "I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 I<offset> は B<sendfile>() が I<in_fd> のどこ"
10865 "からデータを読み始めるかを示すファイル・オフセットを保持する変数への ポインタ"
10866 "である。 B<sendfile>() は復帰する時、この変数に最後に読み込んだバイトの 次の"
10867 "バイトのオフセットを書き込む。 I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 B<sendfile>() "
10868 "は I<in_fd> のファイル・オフセットの現在値を変更しない。 NULL の場合は、ファ"
10869 "イル・オフセットの現在値を I<in_fd> から読み込んだバイト数を反映した位置に調"
10872 #. type: Plain text
10873 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:90
10875 "If I<offset> is NULL, then data will be read from I<in_fd> starting at the "
10876 "current file offset, and the file offset will be updated by the call."
10878 "I<offset> が NULL の場合、データは I<in_fd> の現在のファイル・オフセットから"
10879 "読み出され、 ファイル・オフセットはこの呼び出しで更新される。"
10881 #. type: Plain text
10882 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:93
10883 msgid "I<count> is the number of bytes to copy between the file descriptors."
10884 msgstr "I<count> は、ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でコピーするバイト数である。"
10886 #. type: Plain text
10887 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:100
10889 "The I<in_fd> argument must correspond to a file which supports B<mmap>(2)-"
10890 "like operations (i.e., it cannot be a socket)."
10892 "I<in_fd> 引き数は B<mmap>(2) 風の操作ができるファイルを指していなければなら"
10894 "い (ソケットを指定することはできない)。"
10896 #. type: Plain text
10897 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108
10899 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.33, I<out_fd> must refer to a socket. Since "
10900 "Linux 2.6.33 it can be any file. If it is a regular file, then B<sendfile>"
10901 "() changes the file offset appropriately."
10903 "2.6.33 より前の Linux カーネルでは I<out_fd> はソケットを参照していなければ"
10905 "らない。Linux 2.6.33 以降では、任意のファイルを参照することができる。\n"
10906 "通常のファイルの場合には B<sendfile>() はファイルオフセットを適切に変更する。"
10908 #. type: Plain text
10909 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115
10911 "If the transfer was successful, the number of bytes written to I<out_fd> is "
10912 "returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
10914 "転送に成功した場合、 I<out_fd> に書き込まれたバイト数を返す。エラーの場"
10915 "合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
10917 #. type: Plain text
10918 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
10920 "Nonblocking I/O has been selected using B<O_NONBLOCK> and the write would "
10923 "B<O_NONBLOCK> を用いて非ブロック I/O が選択されたが、書き込みがブロックされ"
10927 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121 build/C/man2/splice.2:143
10928 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:123
10933 #. type: Plain text
10934 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
10936 "The input file was not opened for reading or the output file was not opened "
10939 "入力ファイルが読み込みのためにオープンされていないか、 出力ファイルが書き込み"
10942 #. type: Plain text
10943 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128
10944 msgid "Bad address."
10945 msgstr "アドレスがおかしい。"
10947 #. type: Plain text
10948 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
10950 "Descriptor is not valid or locked, or an B<mmap>(2)-like operation is not "
10951 "available for I<in_fd>."
10953 "ディスクリプタが有効でないか、ロックされている。もしくは B<mmap>(2) 風の操作"
10954 "が I<in_fd> では利用できない。"
10956 #. type: Plain text
10957 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
10958 msgid "Unspecified error while reading from I<in_fd>."
10959 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込んでいるうちに予期しないエラーが起こった。"
10961 #. type: Plain text
10962 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142
10963 msgid "Insufficient memory to read from I<in_fd>."
10964 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込むための十分なメモリがない。"
10966 #. type: Plain text
10967 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
10969 "B<sendfile>() is a new feature in Linux 2.2. The include file I<E<lt>sys/"
10970 "sendfile.hE<gt>> is present since glibc 2.1."
10972 "B<sendfile> は Linux 2.2 の新しい機能である。 インクルードファイル "
10973 "I<E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>> は glibc 2.1 から存在している。"
10975 #. type: Plain text
10976 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:150
10977 msgid "Not specified in POSIX.1-2001, or other standards."
10978 msgstr "POSIX.1-2001 や他の標準では規定されていない。"
10980 #. type: Plain text
10981 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155
10983 "Other UNIX systems implement B<sendfile>() with different semantics and "
10984 "prototypes. It should not be used in portable programs."
10986 "他の UNIX システムでは、異なった方式やプロトタイプで B<sendfile>() を実装し"
10987 "ている。移植性を考慮したプログラムでは使用すべきではない。"
10989 #. type: Plain text
10990 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:165
10992 "If you plan to use B<sendfile>() for sending files to a TCP socket, but "
10993 "need to send some header data in front of the file contents, you will find "
10994 "it useful to employ the B<TCP_CORK> option, described in B<tcp>(7), to "
10995 "minimize the number of packets and to tune performance."
10997 "B<sendfile>() を使って TCP ソケットにファイルを送ろうとしていて、 ファイルの"
10998 "内容の前にヘッダ・データを付け加える必要がある場合は、 パケット数を最小にして"
10999 "性能を上げるために B<tcp>(7) に記述されている B<TCP_CORK> オプションを使うと"
11002 #. type: Plain text
11003 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:171
11005 "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, I<out_fd> could also refer to a regular file, and "
11006 "B<sendfile>() changed the current offset of that file."
11008 "Linux 2.4 とそれ以前のバージョンでも、 I<out_fd> は通常のファイルを参照で"
11010 "B<sendfile>() はそのファイルのオフセットの現在値を変更していた。"
11012 #. type: Plain text
11013 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:183
11015 "The original Linux B<sendfile>() system call was not designed to handle "
11016 "large file offsets. Consequently, Linux 2.4 added B<sendfile64>(), with a "
11017 "wider type for the I<offset> argument. The glibc B<sendfile>() wrapper "
11018 "function transparently deals with the kernel differences."
11020 "元々の Linux B<sendfile>() システムコールは大きなファイルオフセットを\n"
11021 "扱えるように設計されていなかった。その結果、Linux 2.4 で、\n"
11022 "ビット幅の大きな I<offset> 引き数を持った B<sendfile64>() が追加された。\n"
11023 "glibc の B<sendfile>() のラッパー関数はカーネルによるこの違いを吸収している。"
11025 #. type: Plain text
11026 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:192
11028 "Applications may wish to fall back to B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) in the case "
11029 "where B<sendfile>() fails with B<EINVAL> or B<ENOSYS>."
11031 "B<sendfile>() が B<EINVAL> や B<ENOSYS> で失敗するような場合は、 アプリケー"
11032 "ションは B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) に戻すことを考えてもよいかもしれない。"
11034 #. type: Plain text
11035 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197
11037 "The Linux-specific B<splice>(2) call supports transferring data between "
11038 "arbitrary files (e.g., a pair of sockets)."
11040 "Linux 固有の B<splice>(2) システムコールは、任意のファイル間 (例えば、\n"
11041 "ソケット同士) でのデータ転送をサポートしている。"
11043 #. type: Plain text
11044 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:202
11045 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
11046 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
11049 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
11051 msgid "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
11052 msgstr "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
11055 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
11058 msgstr "2012-07-19"
11060 #. type: Plain text
11061 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28
11062 msgid "set_tid_address - set pointer to thread ID"
11063 msgstr "set_tid_address - スレッド ID へのポインタを設定する"
11065 #. type: Plain text
11066 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:31
11068 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
11069 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
11071 #. type: Plain text
11072 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:33
11074 msgid "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
11075 msgstr "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
11077 #. type: Plain text
11078 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
11080 "For each process, the kernel maintains two attributes (addresses) called "
11081 "I<set_child_tid> and I<clear_child_tid>. These two attributes contain the "
11082 "value NULL by default."
11084 "各プロセスについて、カーネルは I<set_child_tid> と I<clear_child_tid> という "
11085 "2 つの属性を保持する。この 2 つの属性はデフォルトでは NULL である。"
11088 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
11090 msgid "I<set_child_tid>"
11091 msgstr "I<set_child_tid>"
11093 #. type: Plain text
11094 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:51
11096 "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> "
11097 "flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument of "
11098 "that system call."
11100 "プロセスが B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始さ"
11101 "れた場合、 I<set_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引き数"
11104 #. type: Plain text
11105 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
11107 "When I<set_child_tid> is set, the very first thing the new process does is "
11108 "writing its PID at this address."
11110 "I<set_child_tid> が設定された場合、一番最初に新しいプロセスが行うことは、 こ"
11111 "のアドレスに自身の PID を書き込むことである。"
11114 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
11116 msgid "I<clear_child_tid>"
11117 msgstr "I<clear_child_tid>"
11119 #. type: Plain text
11120 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:67
11122 "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> "
11123 "flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument "
11124 "of that system call."
11126 "プロセスが B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始"
11127 "された場合、 I<clear_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引"
11130 #. type: Plain text
11131 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:74
11133 "The system call B<set_tid_address>() sets the I<clear_child_tid> value for "
11134 "the calling process to I<tidptr>."
11136 "システムコール B<set_tid_address>() は呼び出し元プロセスの "
11137 "I<clear_child_tid> の値を I<tidptr> に設定する。"
11139 #. type: Plain text
11140 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:82
11142 "When a process whose I<clear_child_tid> is not NULL terminates, then, if the "
11143 "process is sharing memory with other processes or threads, then 0 is written "
11144 "at the address specified in I<clear_child_tid> and the kernel performs the "
11145 "following operation:"
11147 "I<clear_child_tid> が NULL でないプロセスが終了すると、そのプロセスが他のプロ"
11148 "セスまたはスレッドとメモリを共有していれば、 I<clear_child_tid> で指定された"
11149 "アドレスに 0 が書き込まれ、カーネルは以下の処理を実行する。"
11151 #. type: Plain text
11152 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:84
11154 msgid " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
11155 msgstr " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
11157 #. type: Plain text
11158 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
11160 "The effect of this operation is to wake a single process that is performing "
11161 "a futex wait on the memory location. Errors from the futex wake operation "
11164 "この処理の結果、このメモリアドレスに対する futex wait を実行しているプロセス"
11165 "を一つ起こす (wake)。 futex wake 操作でのエラーは無視される。"
11167 #. type: Plain text
11168 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
11169 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always returns the PID of the calling process."
11170 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に現在のプロセスの PID を返す。"
11172 #. type: Plain text
11173 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
11174 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always succeeds."
11175 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に成功する。"
11177 #. type: Plain text
11178 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97
11180 "This call is present since Linux 2.5.48. Details as given here are valid "
11181 "since Linux 2.5.49."
11183 "この呼び出しは Linux 2.5.48 以降で存在する。 ここで書かれた詳細は Linux "
11186 #. type: Plain text
11187 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:102
11188 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2)"
11189 msgstr "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2)"
11192 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26
11198 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
11201 msgstr "2012-05-04"
11203 #. type: Plain text
11204 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:29
11205 msgid "splice - splice data to/from a pipe"
11206 msgstr "splice - パイプとの間でデータを継ぎ合わせる"
11208 #. type: Plain text
11209 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:33 build/C/man2/tee.2:33
11212 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
11213 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
11215 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
11216 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
11218 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
11219 #. type: Plain text
11220 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:38
11223 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
11224 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11226 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
11227 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11229 #. type: Plain text
11230 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:50
11232 "B<splice>() moves data between two file descriptors without copying between "
11233 "kernel address space and user address space. It transfers up to I<len> "
11234 "bytes of data from the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the file descriptor "
11235 "I<fd_out>, where one of the descriptors must refer to a pipe."
11237 "B<splice>() は、カーネルアドレス空間とユーザアドレス空間との間のコピーを伴わ"
11238 "ずに、 2 つのファイルディスクリプタ間でデータの移動を行う。 ファイルディスク"
11239 "リプタ I<fd_in> からファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_out> へ最大 I<len> バイトを転"
11240 "送する。 2 つのファイルディスクリプタのうち一つは パイプを参照していなければ"
11243 #. type: Plain text
11244 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:80
11246 "If I<fd_in> refers to a pipe, then I<off_in> must be NULL. If I<fd_in> does "
11247 "not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is NULL, then bytes are read from I<fd_in> "
11248 "starting from the current file offset, and the current file offset is "
11249 "adjusted appropriately. If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> "
11250 "is not NULL, then I<off_in> must point to a buffer which specifies the "
11251 "starting offset from which bytes will be read from I<fd_in>; in this case, "
11252 "the current file offset of I<fd_in> is not changed. Analogous statements "
11253 "apply for I<fd_out> and I<off_out>."
11255 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照している場合、 I<off_in> は NULL でなければならない。 "
11256 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL の場合、 I<fd_in> の現"
11257 "在のファイルオフセットから始まるバイトを読み出す。 現在のファイルオフセットは"
11258 "適切に調整される。 I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL でな"
11259 "い場合、 I<off_in> は I<fd_in> からのデータ読み出しを開始する先頭オフセットを"
11260 "格納したバッファ へのポインタでなければならない。この場合、 I<fd_in> の現在の"
11261 "ファイルオフセットは変更されない。 I<fd_out> と I<off_out> に関しても同様であ"
11264 #. type: Plain text
11265 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:85 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
11267 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together zero "
11268 "or more of the following values:"
11270 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
11273 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:85 build/C/man2/tee.2:62 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
11275 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
11276 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
11278 #. type: Plain text
11279 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:98
11281 "Attempt to move pages instead of copying. This is only a hint to the "
11282 "kernel: pages may still be copied if the kernel cannot move the pages from "
11283 "the pipe, or if the pipe buffers don't refer to full pages. The initial "
11284 "implementation of this flag was buggy: therefore starting in Linux 2.6.21 it "
11285 "is a no-op (but is still permitted in a B<splice>() call); in the future, a "
11286 "correct implementation may be restored."
11288 "ページのコピーでなく移動を試みる。 これはカーネルに対するヒントでしかない。 "
11289 "つまり、カーネルがパイプからページを移動できない場合や、 パイプバッファがペー"
11290 "ジ全部を参照していない場合は、 ページのコピーが行われることもある。 このフラ"
11291 "グの最初の実装にはバグがあった。そのため、 Linux 2.6.21 以降ではこのフラグの"
11292 "操作はできないようになっている (ただし、 B<splice>() コールでこのフラグを指"
11293 "定することは今も認められている)。 将来、正しい実装が行われることだろう。"
11296 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:98 build/C/man2/tee.2:68 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
11298 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
11299 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
11301 #. type: Plain text
11302 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:107
11304 "Do not block on I/O. This makes the splice pipe operations nonblocking, but "
11305 "B<splice>() may nevertheless block because the file descriptors that are "
11306 "spliced to/from may block (unless they have the B<O_NONBLOCK> flag set)."
11308 "入出力時に停止 (block) しない。 このフラグを指定すると、 splice によるパイプ"
11309 "操作を非停止モード (nonblocking) で 行おうとするが、その場合でも B<splice>"
11310 "() は停止することもある。なぜなら、データのやり取りを行う ファイルディスクリ"
11311 "プタは (B<O_NONBLOCK> フラグをセットされていない場合) 停止する可能性があるか"
11315 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:107 build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
11317 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
11318 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
11320 #. type: Plain text
11321 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:121
11323 "More data will be coming in a subsequent splice. This is a helpful hint "
11324 "when the I<fd_out> refers to a socket (see also the description of "
11325 "B<MSG_MORE> in B<send>(2), and the description of B<TCP_CORK> in B<tcp>(7))"
11327 "この後の splice でさらに転送されるデータがあることを示す。 このフラグは "
11328 "I<fd_out> がソケットを参照している場合に有用なヒントとなる (B<send>(2) の "
11329 "B<MSG_MORE> や B<tcp>(7) の B<TCP_CORK> の説明も参照)。"
11332 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:121 build/C/man2/tee.2:79 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
11334 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
11335 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
11337 #. type: Plain text
11338 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:127
11339 msgid "Unused for B<splice>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
11340 msgstr "B<splice>() では使用しない。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
11342 #. type: Plain text
11343 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:136
11345 "Upon successful completion, B<splice>() returns the number of bytes spliced "
11346 "to or from the pipe. A return value of 0 means that there was no data to "
11347 "transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because there are no writers "
11348 "connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by I<fd_in>."
11350 "成功して完了すると、 B<splice>() はパイプから出し入れしたバイト数を返す。 返"
11351 "り値 0 はデータの転送が行わなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) "
11352 "しても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続さ"
11355 #. type: Plain text
11356 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:142
11358 "On error, B<splice>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
11360 "エラーの場合、 B<splice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定す"
11363 #. type: Plain text
11364 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:147
11366 "One or both file descriptors are not valid, or do not have proper read-write "
11369 "ファイルディスクリプタの一方または両方が有効ではない、 もしくは適切な read-"
11372 #. The append-mode error is given since 2.6.27; in earlier kernels,
11373 #. splice() in append mode was broken
11374 #. type: Plain text
11375 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:155
11378 #| "Target file system doesn't support splicing; target file is opened in "
11379 #| "append mode; neither of the descriptors refers to a pipe; or offset given "
11380 #| "for nonseekable device."
11382 "Target filesystem doesn't support splicing; target file is opened in append "
11383 "mode; neither of the descriptors refers to a pipe; or offset given for "
11384 "nonseekable device."
11386 "対象のファイルシステムが splice に対応していない、 または対象のファイルが追記"
11387 "モードでオープンされている、 またはディスクリプタのどちらもパイプを参照してい"
11388 "ない、 または seek できないデバイスに対してオフセットが指定された。"
11390 #. type: Plain text
11391 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:158 build/C/man2/tee.2:114
11392 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
11393 msgid "Out of memory."
11397 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:158
11402 #. type: Plain text
11403 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:165
11405 "Either I<off_in> or I<off_out> was not NULL, but the corresponding file "
11406 "descriptor refers to a pipe."
11408 "I<off_in> か I<off_out> のいずれかが NULL ではないが、対応するファイルディス"
11409 "クリプタが パイプを参照している。"
11411 #. type: Plain text
11412 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:170
11414 "The B<splice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
11415 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
11417 "B<splice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
11418 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
11420 #. type: Plain text
11421 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:182
11423 "The three system calls B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), and B<tee>(2), provide "
11424 "user-space programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer, "
11425 "implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that is used for "
11426 "a pipe. In overview, these system calls perform the following tasks:"
11428 "3 つのシステムコール (B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), B<tee>(2)) を使うと、ユー"
11429 "ザ空間プログラムは任意のカーネルバッファに対する 完全な制御ができる。カーネル"
11430 "バッファは、パイプに使用されているのと 同種のバッファを使ってカーネル内に実装"
11431 "されている。 大まかにいうと、これらのシステムコールは以下の仕事を行う:"
11434 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:182
11436 msgid "B<splice>()"
11437 msgstr "B<splice>()"
11439 #. type: Plain text
11440 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:186
11442 "moves data from the buffer to an arbitrary file descriptor, or vice versa, "
11443 "or from one buffer to another."
11445 "バッファから任意のファイルディスクリプタや、その逆方向、 もしくはあるバッファ"
11446 "から別のバッファへの、データ移動を行う。"
11449 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:186
11454 #. type: Plain text
11455 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:189
11456 msgid "\"copies\" the data from one buffer to another."
11457 msgstr "あるバッファから別のバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
11460 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:189
11462 msgid "B<vmsplice>(2)"
11463 msgstr "B<vmsplice>(2)"
11465 #. type: Plain text
11466 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:192
11467 msgid "\"copies\" data from user space into the buffer."
11468 msgstr "ユーザ空間からバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
11470 #. Linus: Now, imagine using the above in a media server, for example.
11471 #. Let's say that a year or two has passed, so that the video drivers
11472 #. have been updated to be able to do the splice thing, and what can
11473 #. you do? You can:
11474 #. - splice from the (mpeg or whatever - let's just assume that the video
11475 #. input is either digital or does the encoding on its own - like they
11476 #. pretty much all do) video input into a pipe (remember: no copies - the
11477 #. video input will just DMA directly into memory, and splice will just
11478 #. set up the pages in the pipe buffer)
11479 #. - tee that pipe to split it up
11480 #. - splice one end to a file (ie "save the compressed stream to disk")
11481 #. - splice the other end to a real-time video decoder window for your
11482 #. real-time viewing pleasure.
11483 #. Linus: Now, the advantage of splice()/tee() is that you can
11484 #. do zero-copy movement of data, and unlike sendfile() you can
11485 #. do it on _arbitrary_ data (and, as shown by "tee()", it's more
11486 #. than just sending the data to somebody else: you can duplicate
11487 #. the data and choose to forward it to two or more different
11488 #. users - for things like logging etc.).
11489 #. type: Plain text
11490 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:223
11492 "Though we talk of copying, actual copies are generally avoided. The kernel "
11493 "does this by implementing a pipe buffer as a set of reference-counted "
11494 "pointers to pages of kernel memory. The kernel creates \"copies\" of pages "
11495 "in a buffer by creating new pointers (for the output buffer) referring to "
11496 "the pages, and increasing the reference counts for the pages: only pointers "
11497 "are copied, not the pages of the buffer."
11499 "ここではコピーの話をしているが、実際のコピーは一般的に回避される。 カーネル"
11500 "は、パイプ・バッファをカーネルメモリのページへのポインタ集合として 実装し、"
11501 "ページへの参照回数を管理することで、これを実現している。 カーネルは、対象とな"
11502 "るページを参照する (出力バッファ用の) ポインタを 新規に作成することでバッファ"
11503 "内のページの「コピー」を作成し、 そのページの参照回数を増やす。つまり、ポイン"
11504 "タだけがコピーされ、 バッファのページはコピーされない。"
11506 #. type: Plain text
11507 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:226
11508 msgid "See B<tee>(2)."
11509 msgstr "B<tee>(2) 参照。"
11511 #. type: Plain text
11512 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:230
11513 msgid "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
11514 msgstr "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
11517 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26
11522 #. type: Plain text
11523 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29
11524 msgid "tee - duplicating pipe content"
11525 msgstr "tee - パイプの中身を複製する"
11527 #. type: Plain text
11528 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:36
11530 msgid "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11531 msgstr "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11533 #. Example programs http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps
11534 #. add a "tee(in, out1, out2)" system call that duplicates the pages
11535 #. (again, incrementing their reference count, not copying the data) from
11536 #. one pipe to two other pipes.
11537 #. type: Plain text
11538 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:56
11540 "B<tee>() duplicates up to I<len> bytes of data from the pipe referred to by "
11541 "the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the pipe referred to by the file descriptor "
11542 "I<fd_out>. It does not consume the data that is duplicated from I<fd_in>; "
11543 "therefore, that data can be copied by a subsequent B<splice>(2)."
11545 "B<tee>() は、ファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_in> が参照するパイプからファイル"
11546 "ディスクリプタ I<fd_out> が参照するパイプへ最大 I<len> バイトのデータを複製す"
11547 "る。 この操作では、複製されるデータは I<fd_in> からは消費されない。したがっ"
11548 "て、これらのデータをこの後の B<splice>(2) でコピーすることができる。"
11550 #. type: Plain text
11551 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:62
11553 "I<flags> is a series of modifier flags, which share the name space with "
11554 "B<splice>(2) and B<vmsplice>(2):"
11556 "I<flags> は一連の修飾フラグであり、 B<splice>(2) や B<vmsplice>(2) と共通の"
11559 #. type: Plain text
11560 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:68
11561 msgid "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(); see B<splice>(2)."
11562 msgstr "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もない。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
11564 #. Not used for vmsplice
11565 #. May be in the future -- therefore EAGAIN
11566 #. type: Plain text
11567 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
11568 msgid "Do not block on I/O; see B<splice>(2) for further details."
11569 msgstr "入出力で停止 (block) しない。詳細は B<splice>(2) 参照。"
11571 #. type: Plain text
11572 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:79
11574 "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(), but may be implemented in the future; "
11575 "see B<splice>(2)."
11577 "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性があ"
11578 "る。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
11580 #. type: Plain text
11581 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:85
11582 msgid "Unused for B<tee>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
11583 msgstr "B<tee>() では未使用。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
11585 #. type: Plain text
11586 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:94
11588 "Upon successful completion, B<tee>() returns the number of bytes that were "
11589 "duplicated between the input and output. A return value of 0 means that "
11590 "there was no data to transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because "
11591 "there are no writers connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by "
11594 "成功して完了すると、 B<tee>() は入出力間で複製されたバイト数を返す。 返り値 "
11595 "0 はデータの転送が行われなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) し"
11596 "ても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続され"
11599 #. type: Plain text
11600 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:100
11602 "On error, B<tee>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
11604 "エラーの場合、 B<tee>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定する。"
11606 #. type: Plain text
11607 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:111
11609 "I<fd_in> or I<fd_out> does not refer to a pipe; or I<fd_in> and I<fd_out> "
11610 "refer to the same pipe."
11612 "I<fd_in> と I<fd_out> のどちらかがパイプを参照していない。もしくは I<fd_in> "
11613 "と I<fd_out> が同じパイプを参照している。"
11615 #. type: Plain text
11616 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:119
11618 "The B<tee>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
11619 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
11621 "B<tee>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
11622 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
11624 #. type: Plain text
11625 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:130
11627 "Conceptually, B<tee>() copies the data between the two pipes. In reality "
11628 "no real data copying takes place though: under the covers, B<tee>() assigns "
11629 "data in the output by merely grabbing a reference to the input."
11631 "概念としては、 B<tee>() は二つのパイプ間でデータのコピーを行う。 しかし、実"
11632 "際には実データのコピーは行われない。 内部では、 B<tee>() は入力側に対する参"
11633 "照だけを作成することで出力側にデータを 追加する。"
11635 #. type: Plain text
11636 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:136
11638 "The following example implements a basic B<tee>(1) program using the B<tee>"
11641 "以下の例は、 B<tee>() システムコールを使って、 基本的な B<tee>(1) プログラ"
11644 #. type: Plain text
11645 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:145
11648 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
11649 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
11650 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
11651 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
11652 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
11653 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
11654 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
11656 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
11657 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
11658 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
11659 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
11660 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
11661 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
11662 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
11664 #. type: Plain text
11665 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:151
11669 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
11672 " int len, slen;\n"
11675 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
11678 " int len, slen;\n"
11680 #. type: Plain text
11681 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:156
11684 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
11685 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
11686 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
11689 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
11690 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
11691 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
11694 #. type: Plain text
11695 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:162
11698 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
11699 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
11700 " perror(\"open\");\n"
11701 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
11704 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
11705 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
11706 " perror(\"open\");\n"
11707 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
11710 #. type: Plain text
11711 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:169
11716 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
11718 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
11719 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
11723 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
11725 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
11726 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
11728 #. type: Plain text
11729 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:178
11732 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
11733 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
11735 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
11736 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
11741 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
11742 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
11744 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
11745 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
11750 #. type: Plain text
11751 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:192
11755 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
11757 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
11758 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
11759 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
11760 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
11761 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
11769 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
11771 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
11772 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
11773 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
11774 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
11775 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
11782 #. type: Plain text
11783 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:196
11787 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
11791 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
11794 #. type: Plain text
11795 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:200
11796 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
11797 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
11800 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
11806 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
11809 msgstr "2009-02-20"
11811 #. type: Plain text
11812 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:29
11813 msgid "vm86old, vm86 - enter virtual 8086 mode"
11814 msgstr "vm86old, vm86 - 仮想 8086 モードへ移行する"
11816 #. type: Plain text
11817 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:31
11818 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
11819 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
11821 #. type: Plain text
11822 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:33
11823 msgid "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
11824 msgstr "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
11826 #. type: Plain text
11827 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:35
11828 msgid "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
11830 "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
11832 #. type: Plain text
11833 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:48
11835 "The system call B<vm86>() was introduced in Linux 0.97p2. In Linux 2.1.15 "
11836 "and 2.0.28 it was renamed to B<vm86old>(), and a new B<vm86>() was "
11837 "introduced. The definition of I<struct vm86_struct> was changed in 1.1.8 "
11840 "B<vm86>() システムコールは Linux 0.97p2 で導入された。 これは Linux 2.1.15 "
11841 "と 2.0.28 で B<vm86old>() に名前が変更され、 新しい B<vm86>() が導入され"
11842 "た。 I<struct vm86_struct> の定義は 1.1.8 と 1.1.9 で変更された。"
11844 #. type: Plain text
11845 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:52
11847 "These calls cause the process to enter VM86 mode (virtual-8086 in Intel "
11848 "literature), and are used by B<dosemu>."
11850 "これらのコールによってプロセスは VM86 モード (Intel の文書では仮想 8086 モー"
11851 "ド) へと移行する。 これらのコールは B<dosemu> で使用される。"
11853 #. type: Plain text
11854 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:54
11855 msgid "VM86 mode is an emulation of real mode within a protected mode task."
11857 "VM86 モードはプロテクトモードタスクにおける リアルモードのエミュレーションで"
11860 #. type: Plain text
11861 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
11863 "This return value is specific to i386 and indicates a problem with getting "
11866 "この返り値は i386 固有のものであり、 ユーザー空間のデータを取得する際に問題が"
11869 #. type: Plain text
11870 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
11872 "This return value indicates the call is not implemented on the present "
11875 "この返り値は、このコールが現在のアーキテクチャで実装されていないことを示す。"
11877 #. type: Plain text
11878 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:73
11880 "Saved kernel stack exists. (This is a kernel sanity check; the saved stack "
11881 "should exist only within vm86 mode itself.)"
11883 "保存されたカーネルスタックが既に存在している。(これはカーネルが通常の 状態で"
11884 "あるかをチェックしている。保存されたスタックは vm86 モードで しか存在しな"
11887 #. type: Plain text
11888 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:76
11890 "This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors, and should not be "
11891 "used in programs intended to be portable."
11893 "この関数は 32 ビット Intel プロセッサ上の Linux 特有の関数であり、 移植を意図"
11894 "したプログラムでは使用すべきでない。"
11897 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
11902 #. type: Plain text
11903 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
11904 msgid "vmsplice - splice user pages into a pipe"
11905 msgstr "vmsplice - ユーザ・ページをパイプに継ぎ合わせる"
11907 #. type: Plain text
11908 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:34
11911 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
11912 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
11913 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
11915 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
11916 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
11917 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
11919 #. type: Plain text
11920 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:37
11923 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
11924 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11926 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
11927 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11929 #. Linus: vmsplice() system call to basically do a "write to
11930 #. the buffer", but using the reference counting and VM traversal
11931 #. to actually fill the buffer. This means that the user needs to
11932 #. be careful not to reuse the user-space buffer it spliced into
11933 #. the kernel-space one (contrast this to "write()", which copies
11934 #. the actual data, and you can thus reuse the buffer immediately
11935 #. after a successful write), but that is often easy to do.
11936 #. type: Plain text
11937 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:57
11939 "The B<vmsplice>() system call maps I<nr_segs> ranges of user memory "
11940 "described by I<iov> into a pipe. The file descriptor I<fd> must refer to a "
11943 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは、 I<iov> で指定されたユーザ・メモリの "
11944 "I<nr_segs> の範囲をパイプにマッピングする。 I<fd> はパイプを参照していなけれ"
11947 #. type: Plain text
11948 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:64
11950 "The pointer I<iov> points to an array of I<iovec> structures as defined in "
11951 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>:"
11953 "ポインタ I<iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列を指す。 I<iovec> 構造体は "
11954 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
11956 #. type: Plain text
11957 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:71
11961 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
11962 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes */\n"
11966 " void *iov_base; /* 開始アドレス */\n"
11967 " size_t iov_len; /* バイト数 */\n"
11970 #. type: Plain text
11971 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
11972 msgid "Unused for B<vmsplice>(); see B<splice>(2)."
11973 msgstr "B<vmsplice>() では未使用。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
11975 #. type: Plain text
11976 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
11978 "Currently has no effect for B<vmsplice>(), but may be implemented in the "
11979 "future; see B<splice>(2)."
11981 "現在のところ B<vmsplice>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性"
11982 "がある。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
11984 #. FIXME Explain the following line in a little more detail:
11985 #. .... if we expect to later SPLICE_F_MOVE to the cache.
11986 #. type: Plain text
11987 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
11989 "The user pages are a gift to the kernel. The application may not modify "
11990 "this memory ever, or page cache and on-disk data may differ. Gifting pages "
11991 "to the kernel means that a subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> can "
11992 "successfully move the pages; if this flag is not specified, then a "
11993 "subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> must copy the pages. Data must "
11994 "also be properly page aligned, both in memory and length."
11996 "ユーザ・ページがカーネルへ渡すもの (gift) であることを示す。 アプリケーション"
11997 "はこのメモリを絶対に変更してはならない。 さもなければ、ページキャッシュとディ"
11998 "スク上のデータは 一致しなくなるだろう。 ページをカーネルに渡すと、この次の "
11999 "B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でそのページの移動を行うことができる。 このフ"
12000 "ラグが指定されなかった場合、この次の B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でその"
12001 "ページのコピーを行わなければならない。 データはメモリ上でページ境界にあってい"
12002 "なければならず、 長さもページ境界の倍数でなければならない。"
12004 #. type: Plain text
12005 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
12007 "Upon successful completion, B<vmsplice>() returns the number of bytes "
12008 "transferred to the pipe. On error, B<vmsplice>() returns -1 and I<errno> "
12009 "is set to indicate the error."
12011 "成功して完了すると、 B<vmsplice>() はパイプに転送したバイト数を返す。 エラー"
12012 "の場合、 B<vmplice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
12014 #. type: Plain text
12015 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
12016 msgid "I<fd> either not valid, or doesn't refer to a pipe."
12017 msgstr "I<fd> が有効でない、もしくはパイプを参照していない。"
12019 #. type: Plain text
12020 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
12022 "I<nr_segs> is 0 or greater than B<IOV_MAX>; or memory not aligned if "
12023 "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> set."
12025 "I<nr_segs> が 0 もしくは B<IOV_MAX> よりも大きい。または B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> が"
12026 "設定されたがメモリがページ境界にあっていない。"
12028 #. type: Plain text
12029 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:143
12031 "The B<vmsplice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library "
12032 "support was added to glibc in version 2.5."
12034 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
12035 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
12037 #. type: Plain text
12038 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:154
12040 "B<vmsplice>() follows the other vectorized read/write type functions when "
12041 "it comes to limitations on number of segments being passed in. This limit "
12042 "is B<IOV_MAX> as defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>>. At the time of this "
12043 "writing, that limit is 1024."
12045 "指定されたセグメント数が上限に達した場合、 B<vmsplice>() は他のベクトル形式"
12046 "の read/write を行う関数と同じ動作をする。 上限は B<IOV_MAX> であり、 "
12047 "I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> で定義されている。 このドキュメントを書いた時点での値"
12050 #. type: Plain text
12051 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:157
12052 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
12053 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
12055 #~ msgid "2012-03-05"
12056 #~ msgstr "2012-03-05"
12058 #~ msgid "2013-07-16"
12059 #~ msgstr "2013-07-16"
12061 #~ msgid "2013-03-15"
12062 #~ msgstr "2013-03-15"
12064 #~ msgid "B<futex>(7)"
12065 #~ msgstr "B<futex>(7)"
12068 #~| msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
12069 #~ msgid "The I<flags> argument takes one of the following values:"
12070 #~ msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
12073 #~ "Depending on which operation was executed, the returned value for a "
12074 #~ "successful call can have differing meanings."
12075 #~ msgstr "どの操作が実行されたかによって、 成功時の返り値の意味が変わる。"
12078 #~ "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. In case of "
12079 #~ "timeout, the operation fails with the error B<ETIMEDOUT>. If the futex "
12080 #~ "was not equal to the expected value, the operation fails with the error "
12081 #~ "B<EWOULDBLOCK>. Signals (see B<signal>(7)) or other spurious wakeups "
12082 #~ "cause B<FUTEX_WAIT> to fail with the error B<EINTR>."
12084 #~ "プロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> の呼び出しで wake すると 0 を返す。 タイムアウト"
12085 #~ "の場合、操作はエラー B<ETIMEOUT> で失敗する。 futex が指定された値と等しく"
12086 #~ "ない場合、 エラー B<EWOULDBLOCK> で失敗する。 シグナルを受信するか "
12087 #~ "(B<signal>(7) 参照) 他の偽の wake があった場合には、エラー B<EINTR> で失"
12090 #~ msgid "An operation was not defined or error in page alignment."
12092 #~ "操作が定義されていない。またはページ・アラインメントでエラーが発生した。"
12096 #~| "Indicates that this process is to be traced by its parent. Any signal "
12097 #~| "(except B<SIGKILL>) delivered to this process will cause it to stop and "
12098 #~| "its parent to be notified via B<wait>(2). Also, all subsequent calls to "
12099 #~| "B<execve>(2) by this process will cause a B<SIGTRAP> to be sent to it, "
12100 #~| "giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program begins "
12101 #~| "execution. A process probably shouldn't make this request if its parent "
12102 #~| "isn't expecting to trace it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
12104 #~ "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. Any signal "
12105 #~ "(except B<SIGKILL>) delivered to this process will cause it to stop and "
12106 #~ "its parent to be notified via B<waitpid>(2). In addition, all subsequent "
12107 #~ "calls to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause a B<SIGTRAP> to "
12108 #~ "be sent to it, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new "
12109 #~ "program begins execution. A process probably shouldn't make this request "
12110 #~ "if its parent isn't expecting to trace it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> "
12113 #~ "このプロセスが親プロセスによってトレースされることを表す。 このプロセスに "
12114 #~ "(B<SIGKILL> 以外の) シグナルが配送されると、 プロセスは停止し、親プロセス"
12115 #~ "に B<wait>(2) を通じて通知される。 また、これ以降はこのプロセスが "
12116 #~ "B<execve>(2) を呼び出す度に B<SIGTRAP> が送信されるようになる。 これに"
12117 #~ "よって、親プロセスは 新しいプログラムが実行を開始する前に制御することがで"
12118 #~ "きる。 親プロセスが自プロセスをトレースするつもりがない場合には、 おそらく"
12119 #~ "このプロセスは本要求を行うべきではないだろう。 (I<pid>, I<addr>, I<data> "
12123 #~ "Stop the child at the next B<execve>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
12124 #~ "PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
12126 #~ "次の B<execve>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>"
12127 #~ "\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
12130 #~ "Stop the child at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2) call with "
12131 #~ "I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
12133 #~ "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ "
12134 #~ "E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
12137 #~ "Attaches to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a traced \"child\" "
12138 #~ "of the calling process; the behavior of the child is as if it had done a "
12139 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. The calling process actually becomes the parent of "
12140 #~ "the child process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive notification "
12141 #~ "of child events and appears in B<ps>(1) output as the child's parent), "
12142 #~ "but a B<getppid>(2) by the child will still return the PID of the "
12143 #~ "original parent. The child is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not "
12144 #~ "necessarily have stopped by the completion of this call; use B<wait>(2) "
12145 #~ "to wait for the child to stop. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
12147 #~ "I<pid> で指定されたプロセスに接続 (attach) し、それを呼び出し元のプロセス"
12148 #~ "の 子プロセスとしてトレースできるようにする。子プロセスは "
12149 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> したかのように振舞う。呼び出し元のプロセスはそのほとんど"
12150 #~ "の目的において、 その子プロセスの実際の親になる (例えば、子プロセスのイベ"
12151 #~ "ントの 通知を受けとったり、 B<ps>(1) で親として表示されたりする)。しか"
12152 #~ "し、子プロセスで B<getppid>(2) を実行した場合には元の親プロセスの PID が"
12153 #~ "返される。 子プロセスには B<SIGSTOP> が送られるが、この呼び出しが完了する"
12154 #~ "までに 必ずしも停止するとは限らない。子プロセスの停止を待つには B<wait>"
12155 #~ "(2) を使用すること。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
12158 #~ "Tracing causes a few subtle differences in the semantics of traced "
12159 #~ "processes. For example, if a process is attached to with "
12160 #~ "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, its original parent can no longer receive notification "
12161 #~ "via B<wait>(2) when it stops, and there is no way for the new parent to "
12162 #~ "effectively simulate this notification."
12164 #~ "トレースすることによってトレースされるプロセスの動作に些細な違いが 起こる"
12165 #~ "ことがある。例えば、プロセスが B<PTRACE_ATTACH> によって接続された場合に"
12166 #~ "は、そのプロセスが停止した時でも本来の親は B<wait>(2) を使って通知を受け"
12167 #~ "ることができず、新しい親が効率よく この通知を真似る方法もない。"
12170 #~ "When the parent receives an event with B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> set, the child "
12171 #~ "is not in the normal signal delivery path. This means the parent cannot "
12172 #~ "do B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) with a signal or B<ptrace>(PTRACE_KILL). "
12173 #~ "B<kill>(2) with a B<SIGKILL> signal can be used instead to kill the "
12174 #~ "child process after receiving one of these messages."
12176 #~ "親プロセスが B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> がセットされたイベントを受信した場合、 子プ"
12177 #~ "ロセスは通常通りのシグナル配送が行われる状態にない。 つまり、親プロセス"
12178 #~ "が、 シグナルにより B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) を行ったり、 B<ptrace>"
12179 #~ "(PTRACE_KILL) を行ったりできないということである。 こららのメッセージの受"
12180 #~ "信後は、子プロセスを終了 (kill) するのに、 シグナル B<SIGKILL> を指定して "
12181 #~ "B<kill>(2) を行う方法を代わりに使用できる。"
12184 #~ "The SunOS man page describes B<ptrace>() as \"unique and arcane\", which "
12185 #~ "it is. The proc-based debugging interface present in Solaris 2 "
12186 #~ "implements a superset of B<ptrace>() functionality in a more powerful "
12187 #~ "and uniform way."
12189 #~ "SunOS のマニュアル・ページには B<ptrace>() は「独特で不可解」と記述されて"
12190 #~ "おり、まさしくそうである。 Solaris 2 では proc ベースの デバッグのインター"
12191 #~ "フェースとして B<ptrace>() の上位互換関数が実装され、より強力で一貫性のあ"
12195 #~ "The second argument I<special> is the block special device these quota "
12196 #~ "apply to. It must be mounted."
12198 #~ "二番目の引き数 I<special> は quota を適用するデバイスのブロック・スペシャ"
12199 #~ "ル・ファイルである。 そのデバイスはマウントされていなくてはならない。"
12202 #~ "The third argument I<id> is the user or group ID these quota apply to "
12203 #~ "(when relevant)."
12205 #~ "三番目の引き数 I<id> には、(必要な場合に) quota を適用するユーザーもしくは"
12206 #~ "グループの ID を指定する。"
12209 #~ "The fourth argument I<addr> is the address of a data structure, depending "
12210 #~ "on the command."
12212 #~ "四番目の引き数 I<addr> には、コマンドごとに異ったデータ構造体のアドレスを"
12216 #~ "Enable quota. The I<addr> argument is the pathname of the file "
12217 #~ "containing the quota for the file system."
12219 #~ "quota を有効にする。 I<addr> 引き数には、そのファイル・システムの quota が"
12220 #~ "記録されているファイルの パス名を指定する。"
12222 #~ msgid "Disable quota."
12223 #~ msgstr "quota を無効にする。"
12225 #~ msgid "Set limits and current usage; I<addr> is as before."
12226 #~ msgstr "制限値と現在の使用量を設定する: I<addr> は同上。"
12228 #~ msgid "Set limits; I<addr> is as before."
12229 #~ msgstr "制限値を設定する; I<addr> は同上。"
12231 #~ msgid "Set usage."
12232 #~ msgstr "使用量を設定する。"
12234 #~ msgid "Sync disk copy of a file system's quota."
12235 #~ msgstr "ファイル・システムの quota ファイルをディスクと同期させる。"
12237 #~ msgid "Get collected stats."
12238 #~ msgstr "収集された統計を取得する。"
12241 #~ "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned, and "
12242 #~ "I<errno> is set appropriately."
12244 #~ "B<quotactl>() は、成功時には 0 を返す。エラー時は、-1 を返すとともに、 "
12245 #~ "I<errno> が適切な値に設定される。"
12247 #~ msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON> was asked, but quotas were enabled already."
12248 #~ msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON> の要求がなされたが、quota(s) は既に有効になっている。"
12250 #~ msgid "Bad I<addr> value."
12251 #~ msgstr "I<addr> の値に誤りがある。"
12254 #~ "I<type> is not a known quota type. Or, I<special> could not be found."
12256 #~ "I<type> が既知の quota の形式ではない。もしくは、 I<special> デバイスが見"
12259 #~ msgid "Too many open files: cannot open quota file."
12260 #~ msgstr "ファイルをオープンしすぎている: quota ファイルをオープン出来ない。"
12262 #~ msgid "I<special> cannot be found in the mount table."
12263 #~ msgstr "I<special> がマウント・テーブル内に見当たらない。"
12265 #~ msgid "The kernel was compiled without quota support."
12266 #~ msgstr "quota を使用可にしてカーネルをコンパイルしていない。"
12269 #~ "The process was not root (for the file system), and B<Q_GETQUOTA> was "
12270 #~ "asked for another I<id> than that of the process itself, or anything "
12271 #~ "other than B<Q_GETSTATS> or B<Q_SYNC> was asked."
12273 #~ "プロセスが (そのファイル・システムの) root のものではなく、 かつプロセス自"
12274 #~ "身のものとは異なる I<id> に対して B<Q_GETQUOTA> 要求を行なった。 もしく"
12275 #~ "は、 B<Q_GETSTATS>, B<Q_SYNC> 以外の要求がなされた。"
12278 #~ "B<Q_GETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETUSE> or B<Q_SETQLIM> was asked "
12279 #~ "for a file system that didn't have quota enabled."
12281 #~ "quota が有効になっていないファイル・システムに対して B<Q_GETQUOTA>, "
12282 #~ "B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<Q_SETUSE>, B<Q_SETQLIM> のいずれかの要求がなされた。"