1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
9 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
10 "POT-Creation-Date: 2013-03-22 01:05+0900\n"
11 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
12 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
13 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
20 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:8
26 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:8
32 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:8 build/C/man3/queue.3:39
38 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:8 build/C/man3/addseverity.3:9 build/C/man3/argz_add.3:10 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:27 build/C/man3/basename.3:27 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:10 build/C/man3/ftok.3:29 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:27 build/C/man3/offsetof.3:28 build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:24 build/C/man3/queue.3:39 build/C/man3/realpath.3:28 build/C/man3/setjmp.3:27 build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:13
40 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
44 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:9 build/C/man3/addseverity.3:10 build/C/man3/argz_add.3:11 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:28 build/C/man3/basename.3:28 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:11 build/C/man3/ftok.3:30 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:28 build/C/man3/offsetof.3:29 build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:25 build/C/man3/queue.3:40 build/C/man3/realpath.3:29 build/C/man3/setjmp.3:28 build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:14
50 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:11
51 msgid "__setfpucw - set FPU control word on i386 architecture (obsolete)"
55 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:11 build/C/man3/addseverity.3:12 build/C/man3/argz_add.3:15 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:31 build/C/man3/basename.3:30 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:14 build/C/man3/ftok.3:32 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:30 build/C/man3/offsetof.3:31 build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:28 build/C/man3/queue.3:48 build/C/man3/realpath.3:31 build/C/man3/setjmp.3:30 build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:16
61 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:13
62 msgid "B<#include E<lt>i386/fpu_control.hE<gt>>"
66 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:15
67 msgid "B<void __setfpucw(unsigned short >I<control_word>B<);>"
71 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:15 build/C/man3/addseverity.3:27 build/C/man3/argz_add.3:57 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:50 build/C/man3/basename.3:38 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:37 build/C/man3/ftok.3:39 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:46 build/C/man3/offsetof.3:37 build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:36 build/C/man3/queue.3:86 build/C/man3/realpath.3:51 build/C/man3/setjmp.3:49 build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:24
77 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:22
79 "B<__setfpucw>() transfers I<control_word> to the registers of the FPU "
80 "(floating-point unit) on the i386 architecture. This was used to control "
81 "floating-point precision, rounding and floating-point exceptions."
85 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:22 build/C/man3/addseverity.3:60 build/C/man3/argz_add.3:202 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:141 build/C/man3/basename.3:127 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:117 build/C/man3/ftok.3:70 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:83 build/C/man3/offsetof.3:60 build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:56 build/C/man3/queue.3:485 build/C/man3/realpath.3:137 build/C/man3/setjmp.3:82
91 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:24
92 msgid "This function was a nonstandard GNU extension."
96 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:24 build/C/man3/addseverity.3:67 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:143 build/C/man3/basename.3:129 build/C/man3/ftok.3:72 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:88 build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:59 build/C/man3/realpath.3:144 build/C/man3/setjmp.3:87
102 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:43
104 "As of glibc 2.1 this function does not exist anymore. There are new "
105 "functions from C99, with prototypes in I<E<lt>fenv.hE<gt>>, to control FPU "
106 "rounding modes, like B<fegetround>(3), B<fesetround>(3), and the "
107 "floating-point environment, like B<fegetenv>(3), B<feholdexcept>(3), "
108 "B<fesetenv>(3), B<feupdateenv>(3), and FPU exception handling, like "
109 "B<feclearexcept>(3), B<fegetexceptflag>(3), B<feraiseexcept>(3), "
110 "B<fesetexceptflag>(3), and B<fetestexcept>(3)."
114 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:51
116 "If direct access to the FPU control word is still needed, the B<_FPU_GETCW> "
117 "and B<_FPU_SETCW> macros from I<E<lt>fpu_control.hE<gt>> can be used."
121 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:51 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:165 build/C/man3/basename.3:162 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:120 build/C/man3/offsetof.3:62
127 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:53
128 msgid "B<__setfpucw(0x1372)>"
132 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:55
133 msgid "Set FPU control word on the i386 architecture to"
137 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:57
139 msgid " - extended precision\n"
143 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:59
145 msgid " - rounding to nearest\n"
149 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:61
151 msgid " - exceptions on overflow, zero divide and NaN\n"
155 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:61 build/C/man3/addseverity.3:70 build/C/man3/argz_add.3:208 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:249 build/C/man3/basename.3:175 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:142 build/C/man3/ftok.3:101 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:125 build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:63 build/C/man3/realpath.3:226 build/C/man3/setjmp.3:118 build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:72
161 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:63
162 msgid "B<feclearexcept>(3)"
166 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:65
167 msgid "I<E<lt>fpu_control.hE<gt>>"
171 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:65 build/C/man3/addseverity.3:72 build/C/man3/argz_add.3:210 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:254 build/C/man3/basename.3:178 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:144 build/C/man3/ftok.3:107 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:128 build/C/man3/offsetof.3:102 build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:65 build/C/man3/queue.3:491 build/C/man3/realpath.3:232 build/C/man3/setjmp.3:121 build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:74
177 #: build/C/man3/__setfpucw.3:72 build/C/man3/addseverity.3:79 build/C/man3/argz_add.3:217 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:261 build/C/man3/basename.3:185 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:151 build/C/man3/ftok.3:114 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:135 build/C/man3/offsetof.3:109 build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:72 build/C/man3/queue.3:498 build/C/man3/realpath.3:239 build/C/man3/setjmp.3:128 build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:81
179 "This page is part of release 3.50 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
180 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
181 "found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
185 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:9
191 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:9 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:27
197 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:9 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:27 build/C/man3/basename.3:27 build/C/man3/ftok.3:29 build/C/man3/offsetof.3:28 build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:24
203 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:12
204 msgid "addseverity - introduce new severity classes"
208 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:16
210 msgid "B<#include E<lt>fmtmsg.hE<gt>>\n"
214 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:18
216 msgid "B<int addseverity(int >I<severity>B<, const char *>I<s>B<);>\n"
220 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:23 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:42 build/C/man3/realpath.3:42 build/C/man3/setjmp.3:42
221 msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
225 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:27
226 msgid "B<addseverity>(): _SVID_SOURCE"
230 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:49
232 "This function allows the introduction of new severity classes which can be "
233 "addressed by the I<severity> argument of the B<fmtmsg>(3) function. By "
234 "default that latter function only knows how to print messages for severity "
235 "0-4 (with strings (none), HALT, ERROR, WARNING, INFO). This call attaches "
236 "the given string I<s> to the given value I<severity>. If I<s> is NULL, the "
237 "severity class with the numeric value I<severity> is removed. It is not "
238 "possible to overwrite or remove one of the default severity classes. The "
239 "severity value must be nonnegative."
243 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:49 build/C/man3/argz_add.3:198 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:116 build/C/man3/basename.3:119 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:113 build/C/man3/ftok.3:61 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:81 build/C/man3/offsetof.3:53 build/C/man3/realpath.3:91 build/C/man3/setjmp.3:72 build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:61
249 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:57
251 "Upon success, the value B<MM_OK> is returned. Upon error, the return value "
252 "is B<MM_NOTOK>. Possible errors include: out of memory, attempt to remove a "
253 "nonexistent or default severity class."
257 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:57 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:135 build/C/man3/realpath.3:135 build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:67
263 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:60
264 msgid "B<addseverity>() is provided in glibc since version 2.1."
268 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:67
270 "This function is not specified in the X/Open Portability Guide although the "
271 "B<fmtmsg>(3) function is. It is available on System V systems."
275 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:70
277 "New severity classes can also be added by setting the environment variable "
282 #: build/C/man3/addseverity.3:72
287 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:10
293 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:10 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:10
299 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:15
301 "argz_add, argz_add_sep, argz_append, argz_count, argz_create, "
302 "argz_create_sep, argz_delete, argz_extract, argz_insert, argz_next, "
303 "argz_replace, argz_stringify - functions to handle an argz list"
307 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:18
309 msgid "B<#include E<lt>argz.hE<gt>>\n"
313 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:21
316 "B<error_t argz_add(char **>I<argz>B<, size_t *>I<argz_len>B<, const char "
321 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:23
323 msgid "B<error_t argz_add_sep(char **>I<argz>B<, size_t *>I<argz_len>B<,>\n"
327 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:25
329 msgid "B<const char *>I<str>B<, int >I<delim>B<);>\n"
333 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:27
335 msgid "B<error_t argz_append(char **>I<argz>B<, size_t *>I<argz_len>B<,>\n"
339 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:29
341 msgid "B<const char *>I<buf>B<, size_t >I<buf_len>B<);>\n"
345 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:31
347 msgid "B<size_t argz_count(const char *>I<argz>B<, size_t >I<argz_len>B<);>\n"
351 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:33
353 msgid "B<error_t argz_create(char * const >I<argv>B<[], char **>I<argz>B<,>\n"
357 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:35 build/C/man3/argz_add.3:39
359 msgid "B<size_t *>I<argz_len>B<);>\n"
363 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:37
366 "B<error_t argz_create_sep(const char *>I<str>B<, int >I<sep>B<, char "
371 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:41
374 "B<error_t argz_delete(char **>I<argz>B<, size_t *>I<argz_len>B<, char "
379 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:43
382 "B<void argz_extract(char *>I<argz>B<, size_t >I<argz_len>B<, char "
387 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:45
390 "B<error_t argz_insert(char **>I<argz>B<, size_t *>I<argz_len>B<, char "
395 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:47
397 msgid "B<const char *>I<entry>B<);>\n"
401 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:49
404 "B<char *argz_next(char *>I<argz>B<, size_t >I<argz_len>B<, const char "
409 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:52
412 "B<error_t argz_replace(char **>I<argz>B<, size_t *>I<argz_len>B<, const char "
417 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:54
419 msgid "B<const char *>I<with>B<, unsigned int *>I<replace_count>B<);>\n"
423 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:56
425 msgid "B<void argz_stringify(char *>I<argz>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, int >I<sep>B<);>\n"
429 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:59 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:39
430 msgid "These functions are glibc-specific."
434 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:64
436 "An argz vector is a pointer to a character buffer together with a length. "
437 "The intended interpretation of the character buffer is an array of strings, "
438 "where the strings are separated by null bytes (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq). If the "
439 "length is nonzero, the last byte of the buffer must be a null byte."
443 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:73
445 "These functions are for handling argz vectors. The pair (NULL,0) is an argz "
446 "vector, and, conversely, argz vectors of length 0 must have NULL pointer. "
447 "Allocation of nonempty argz vectors is done using B<malloc>(3), so that "
448 "B<free>(3) can be used to dispose of them again."
452 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:83
454 "B<argz_add>() adds the string I<str> at the end of the array I<*argz>, and "
455 "updates I<*argz> and I<*argz_len>."
459 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:91
461 "B<argz_add_sep>() is similar, but splits the string I<str> into substrings "
462 "separated by the delimiter I<delim>. For example, one might use this on a "
463 "UNIX search path with delimiter \\(aq:\\(aq."
467 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:105
469 "B<argz_append>() appends the argz vector (I<buf>,\\ I<buf_len>) after "
470 "(I<*argz>,\\ I<*argz_len>) and updates I<*argz> and I<*argz_len>. (Thus, "
471 "I<*argz_len> will be increased by I<buf_len>.)"
475 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:110
477 "B<argz_count>() counts the number of strings, that is, the number of null "
478 "bytes (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq), in (I<argz>,\\ I<argz_len>)."
482 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:118
484 "B<argz_create>() converts a UNIX-style argument vector I<argv>, terminated "
485 "by I<(char *) 0>, into an argz vector (I<*argz>,\\ I<*argz_len>)."
489 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:126
491 "B<argz_create_sep>() converts the null-terminated string I<str> into an "
492 "argz vector (I<*argz>,\\ I<*argz_len>) by breaking it up at every "
493 "occurrence of the separator I<sep>."
497 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:136
499 "B<argz_delete>() removes the substring pointed to by I<entry> from the argz "
500 "vector (I<*argz>,\\ I<*argz_len>) and updates I<*argz> and I<*argz_len>."
504 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:151
506 "B<argz_extract>() is the opposite of B<argz_create>(). It takes the argz "
507 "vector (I<argz>,\\ I<argz_len>) and fills the array starting at I<argv> "
508 "with pointers to the substrings, and a final NULL, making a UNIX-style argv "
509 "vector. The array I<argv> must have room for "
510 "I<argz_count>(I<argz>,I<argz_len>) + 1 pointers."
514 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:170
516 "B<argz_insert>() is the opposite of B<argz_delete>(). It inserts the "
517 "argument I<entry> at position I<before> into the argz vector (I<*argz>,\\ "
518 "I<*argz_len>) and updates I<*argz> and I<*argz_len>. If I<before> is NULL, "
519 "then I<entry> will inserted at the end."
523 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:179
525 "B<argz_next>() is a function to step trough the argz vector. If I<entry> "
526 "is NULL, the first entry is returned. Otherwise, the entry following is "
527 "returned. It returns NULL if there is no following entry."
531 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:191
533 "B<argz_replace>() replaces each occurrence of I<str> with I<with>, "
534 "reallocating argz as necessary. If I<replace_count> is non-NULL, "
535 "I<*replace_count> will be incremented by the number of replacements."
539 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:198
541 "B<argz_stringify>() is the opposite of B<argz_create_sep>(). It transforms "
542 "the argz vector into a normal string by replacing all null bytes "
543 "(\\(aq\\e0\\(aq) except the last by I<sep>."
547 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:202
549 "All argz functions that do memory allocation have a return type of "
550 "I<error_t>, and return 0 for success, and B<ENOMEM> if an allocation error "
555 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:205 build/C/man3/envz_add.3:120
556 msgid "These functions are a GNU extension. Handle with care."
560 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:205 build/C/man3/basename.3:154 build/C/man3/realpath.3:195 build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:70
566 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:208
568 "Argz vectors without a terminating null byte may lead to Segmentation "
573 #: build/C/man3/argz_add.3:210
574 msgid "B<envz_add>(3)"
578 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:27
584 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:31
586 "backtrace, backtrace_symbols, backtrace_symbols_fd - support for application "
591 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:33
592 msgid "B<#include E<lt>execinfo.hE<gt>>"
596 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:38
597 msgid "B<int backtrace(void> B<**>I<buffer>B<,> B<int> I<size>B<);>"
601 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:43
603 "B<char **backtrace_symbols(void *const> B<*>I<buffer>B<,> B<int> "
608 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:50
610 "B<void backtrace_symbols_fd(void *const> B<*>I<buffer>B<,> B<int> "
611 "I<size>B<,> B<int> I<fd>B<);>"
615 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:76
617 "B<backtrace>() returns a backtrace for the calling program, in the array "
618 "pointed to by I<buffer>. A backtrace is the series of currently active "
619 "function calls for the program. Each item in the array pointed to by "
620 "I<buffer> is of type I<void *>, and is the return address from the "
621 "corresponding stack frame. The I<size> argument specifies the maximum "
622 "number of addresses that can be stored in I<buffer>. If the backtrace is "
623 "larger than I<size>, then the addresses corresponding to the I<size> most "
624 "recent function calls are returned; to obtain the complete backtrace, make "
625 "sure that I<buffer> and I<size> are large enough."
629 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:101
631 "Given the set of addresses returned by B<backtrace>() in I<buffer>, "
632 "B<backtrace_symbols>() translates the addresses into an array of strings "
633 "that describe the addresses symbolically. The I<size> argument specifies "
634 "the number of addresses in I<buffer>. The symbolic representation of each "
635 "address consists of the function name (if this can be determined), a "
636 "hexadecimal offset into the function, and the actual return address (in "
637 "hexadecimal). The address of the array of string pointers is returned as "
638 "the function result of B<backtrace_symbols>(). This array is B<malloc>(3)ed "
639 "by B<backtrace_symbols>(), and must be freed by the caller. (The strings "
640 "pointed to by the array of pointers need not and should not be freed.)"
644 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:116
646 "B<backtrace_symbols_fd>() takes the same I<buffer> and I<size> arguments as "
647 "B<backtrace_symbols>(), but instead of returning an array of strings to the "
648 "caller, it writes the strings, one per line, to the file descriptor I<fd>. "
649 "B<backtrace_symbols_fd>() does not call B<malloc>(3), and so can be "
650 "employed in situations where the latter function might fail."
654 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:128
656 "B<backtrace>() returns the number of addresses returned in I<buffer>, which "
657 "is not greater than I<size>. If the return value is less than I<size>, then "
658 "the full backtrace was stored; if it is equal to I<size>, then it may have "
659 "been truncated, in which case the addresses of the oldest stack frames are "
664 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:135
666 "On success, B<backtrace_symbols>() returns a pointer to the array "
667 "B<malloc>(3)ed by the call; on error, NULL is returned."
671 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:141
673 "B<backtrace>(), B<backtrace_symbols>(), and B<backtrace_symbols_fd>() are "
674 "provided in glibc since version 2.1."
678 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:143
679 msgid "These functions are GNU extensions."
683 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:147
685 "These functions make some assumptions about how a function's return address "
686 "is stored on the stack. Note the following:"
690 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:147 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:153 build/C/man3/backtrace.3:155 build/C/man3/queue.3:93 build/C/man3/queue.3:95 build/C/man3/queue.3:97 build/C/man3/queue.3:99 build/C/man3/queue.3:109 build/C/man3/queue.3:131 build/C/man3/queue.3:133 build/C/man3/queue.3:135
696 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:153
698 "Omission of the frame pointers (as implied by any of B<gcc>(1)'s nonzero "
699 "optimization levels) may cause these assumptions to be violated."
703 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:155
704 msgid "Inlined functions do not have stack frames."
708 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:157
709 msgid "Tail-call optimization causes one stack frame to replace another."
713 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:165
715 "The symbol names may be unavailable without the use of special linker "
716 "options. For systems using the GNU linker, it is necessary to use the "
717 "I<-rdynamic> linker option. Note that names of \"static\" functions are not "
718 "exposed, and won't be available in the backtrace."
722 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:172
724 "The program below demonstrates the use of B<backtrace>() and "
725 "B<backtrace_symbols>(). The following shell session shows what we might see "
726 "when running the program:"
730 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:186
733 "$B< cc -rdynamic prog.c -o prog>\n"
735 "backtrace() returned 8 addresses\n"
736 "\\&./prog(myfunc3+0x5c) [0x80487f0]\n"
737 "\\&./prog [0x8048871]\n"
738 "\\&./prog(myfunc+0x21) [0x8048894]\n"
739 "\\&./prog(myfunc+0x1a) [0x804888d]\n"
740 "\\&./prog(myfunc+0x1a) [0x804888d]\n"
741 "\\&./prog(main+0x65) [0x80488fb]\n"
742 "\\&/lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xdc) [0xb7e38f9c]\n"
743 "\\&./prog [0x8048711]\n"
747 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:188 build/C/man3/offsetof.3:73
749 msgid "Program source"
753 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:195
756 "#include E<lt>execinfo.hE<gt>\n"
757 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
758 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
759 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
763 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:203
771 " void *buffer[100];\n"
776 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:206
779 " nptrs = backtrace(buffer, SIZE);\n"
780 " printf(\"backtrace() returned %d addresses\\en\", nptrs);\n"
784 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:209
787 " /* The call backtrace_symbols_fd(buffer, nptrs, STDOUT_FILENO)\n"
788 " would produce similar output to the following: */\n"
792 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:215
795 " strings = backtrace_symbols(buffer, nptrs);\n"
796 " if (strings == NULL) {\n"
797 " perror(\"backtrace_symbols\");\n"
798 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
803 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:218
806 " for (j = 0; j E<lt> nptrs; j++)\n"
807 " printf(\"%s\\en\", strings[j]);\n"
811 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:221
819 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:227
822 "static void /* \"static\" means don\\(aqt export the symbol... */\n"
830 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:236
834 "myfunc(int ncalls)\n"
836 " if (ncalls E<gt> 1)\n"
837 " myfunc(ncalls - 1);\n"
844 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:244
848 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
850 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
851 " fprintf(stderr, \"%s num-calls\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
852 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
857 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:248
860 " myfunc(atoi(argv[1]));\n"
861 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
866 #: build/C/man3/backtrace.3:254
867 msgid "B<gcc>(1), B<ld>(1), B<dlopen>(3), B<malloc>(3)"
871 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:27
877 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:27
883 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:30
884 msgid "basename, dirname - parse pathname components"
888 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:33
890 msgid "B<#include E<lt>libgen.hE<gt>>\n"
894 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:35
896 msgid "B<char *dirname(char *>I<path>B<);>\n"
900 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:37
902 msgid "B<char *basename(char *>I<path>B<);>\n"
906 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:42
907 msgid "Warning: there are two different functions B<basename>() - see below."
911 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:55
913 "The functions B<dirname>() and B<basename>() break a null-terminated "
914 "pathname string into directory and filename components. In the usual case, "
915 "B<dirname>() returns the string up to, but not including, the final "
916 "\\(aq/\\(aq, and B<basename>() returns the component following the final "
917 "\\(aq/\\(aq. Trailing \\(aq/\\(aq characters are not counted as part of the "
922 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:78
924 "If I<path> does not contain a slash, B<dirname>() returns the string \".\" "
925 "while B<basename>() returns a copy of I<path>. If I<path> is the string "
926 "\"/\", then both B<dirname>() and B<basename>() return the string \"/\". "
927 "If I<path> is a NULL pointer or points to an empty string, then both "
928 "B<dirname>() and B<basename>() return the string \".\"."
932 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:84
934 "Concatenating the string returned by B<dirname>(), a \"/\", and the string "
935 "returned by B<basename>() yields a complete pathname."
939 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:93
941 "Both B<dirname>() and B<basename>() may modify the contents of I<path>, so "
942 "it may be desirable to pass a copy when calling one of these functions."
946 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:102
948 "These functions may return pointers to statically allocated memory which may "
949 "be overwritten by subsequent calls. Alternatively, they may return a "
950 "pointer to some part of I<path>, so that the string referred to by I<path> "
951 "should not be modified or freed until the pointer returned by the function "
952 "is no longer required."
956 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:109
958 "The following list of examples (taken from SUSv2) shows the strings "
959 "returned by B<dirname>() and B<basename>() for different paths:"
963 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:118
966 "B<path dirname basename>\n"
967 "\"/usr/lib\" \"/usr\" \"lib\"\n"
968 "\"/usr/\" \"/\" \"usr\"\n"
969 "\"usr\" \".\" \"usr\"\n"
970 "\"/\" \"/\" \"/\"\n"
971 "\".\" \".\" \".\"\n"
972 "\"..\" \".\" \"..\"\n"
976 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:127
978 "Both B<dirname>() and B<basename>() return pointers to null-terminated "
979 "strings. (Do not pass these pointers to B<free>(3).)"
983 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:129 build/C/man3/ftok.3:72
984 msgid "POSIX.1-2001."
988 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:134
990 "There are two different versions of B<basename>() - the POSIX version "
991 "described above, and the GNU version, which one gets after"
995 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:138
997 msgid "B< #define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
1001 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:140
1003 msgid "B<#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>>\n"
1007 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:148
1009 "The GNU version never modifies its argument, and returns the empty string "
1010 "when I<path> has a trailing slash, and in particular also when it is \"/\". "
1011 "There is no GNU version of B<dirname>()."
1015 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:154
1017 "With glibc, one gets the POSIX version of B<basename>() when "
1018 "I<E<lt>libgen.hE<gt>> is included, and the GNU version otherwise."
1022 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:162
1024 "In the glibc implementation of the POSIX versions of these functions they "
1025 "modify their argument, and segfault when called with a static string like "
1026 "\"/usr/\". Before glibc 2.2.1, the glibc version of B<dirname>() did not "
1027 "correctly handle pathnames with trailing \\(aq/\\(aq characters, and "
1028 "generated a segfault if given a NULL argument."
1032 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:167
1035 "char *dirc, *basec, *bname, *dname;\n"
1036 "char *path = \"/etc/passwd\";\n"
1040 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:173
1043 "dirc = strdup(path);\n"
1044 "basec = strdup(path);\n"
1045 "dname = dirname(dirc);\n"
1046 "bname = basename(basec);\n"
1047 "printf(\"dirname=%s, basename=%s\\en\", dname, bname);\n"
1051 #: build/C/man3/basename.3:178
1052 msgid "B<basename>(1), B<dirname>(1)"
1056 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:10
1062 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:14
1064 "envz_add, envz_entry, envz_get, envz_merge, envz_remove, envz_strip - "
1065 "environment string support"
1069 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:17
1071 msgid "B<#include E<lt>envz.hE<gt>>\n"
1075 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:19
1077 msgid "B<error_t envz_add(char **>I<envz>B<, size_t *>I<envz_len>B<,>\n"
1081 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:21
1083 msgid "B<const char *>I<name>B<, const char *>I<value>B<);>\n"
1087 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:24
1090 "B<char *envz_entry(const char *>I<envz>B<, size_t *>I<envz_len>B<, const "
1091 "char *>I<name>B<);>\n"
1095 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:27
1098 "B<char *envz_get(const char *>I<envz>B<, size_t *>I<envz_len>B<, const char "
1103 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:29
1105 msgid "B<error_t envz_merge(char **>I<envz>B<, size_t *>I<envz_len>B<,>\n"
1109 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:31
1111 msgid "B<const char *>I<envz2>B<, size_t >I<envz2_len>B<, int >I<override>B<);>\n"
1115 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:34
1118 "B<void envz_remove(char **>I<envz>B<, size_t *>I<envz_len>B<, const char "
1123 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:36
1125 msgid "B<void envz_strip(char **>I<envz>B<, size_t *>I<envz_len>B<);>\n"
1129 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:49
1131 "An argz vector is a pointer to a character buffer together with a length, "
1132 "see B<argz_add>(3). An envz vector is a special argz vector, namely one "
1133 "where the strings have the form \"name=value\". Everything after the first "
1134 "\\(aq=\\(aq is considered to be the value. If there is no \\(aq=\\(aq, the "
1135 "value is taken to be NULL. (While the value in case of a trailing "
1136 "\\(aq=\\(aq is the empty string \"\".)"
1140 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:51
1141 msgid "These functions are for handling envz vectors."
1145 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:70
1147 "B<envz_add>() adds the string \"I<name>=I<value>\" (in case I<value> is "
1148 "non-NULL) or \"I<name>\" (in case I<value> is NULL) to the envz vector "
1149 "(I<*envz>,\\ I<*envz_len>) and updates I<*envz> and I<*envz_len>. If an "
1150 "entry with the same I<name> existed, it is removed."
1154 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:77
1156 "B<envz_entry>() looks for I<name> in the envz vector (I<envz>,\\ "
1157 "I<envz_len>) and returns the entry if found, or NULL if not."
1161 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:88
1163 "B<envz_get>() looks for I<name> in the envz vector (I<envz>,\\ I<envz_len>) "
1164 "and returns the value if found, or NULL if not. (Note that the value can "
1165 "also be NULL, namely when there is an entry for I<name> without \\(aq=\\(aq "
1170 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:103
1172 "B<envz_merge>() adds each entry in I<envz2> to I<*envz>, as if with "
1173 "B<envz_add>(). If I<override> is true, then values in I<envz2> will "
1174 "supersede those with the same name in I<*envz>, otherwise not."
1178 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:110
1180 "B<envz_remove>() removes the entry for I<name> from (I<*envz>,\\ "
1181 "I<*envz_len>) if there was one."
1185 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:113
1186 msgid "B<envz_strip>() removes all entries with value NULL."
1190 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:117
1192 "All envz functions that do memory allocation have a return type of "
1193 "I<error_t>, and return 0 for success, and B<ENOMEM> if an allocation error "
1198 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:125
1201 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
1202 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
1203 "#include E<lt>envz.hE<gt>\n"
1207 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:131
1211 "main(int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[])\n"
1213 " int i, e_len = 0;\n"
1218 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:134
1221 " for (i = 0; envp[i] != NULL; i++)\n"
1222 " e_len += strlen(envp[i]) + 1;\n"
1226 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:141
1229 " str = envz_entry(*envp, e_len, \"HOME\");\n"
1230 " printf(\"%s\\en\", str);\n"
1231 " str = envz_get(*envp, e_len, \"HOME\");\n"
1232 " printf(\"%s\\en\", str);\n"
1233 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
1238 #: build/C/man3/envz_add.3:144
1239 msgid "B<argz_add>(3)"
1243 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:29
1249 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:29
1255 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:32
1256 msgid "ftok - convert a pathname and a project identifier to a System V IPC key"
1260 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:36
1263 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1264 "B<#include E<lt>sys/ipc.hE<gt>>\n"
1268 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:39
1269 msgid "B<key_t ftok(const char *>I<pathname>B<, int >I<proj_id>B<);>"
1273 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:54
1275 "The B<ftok>() function uses the identity of the file named by the given "
1276 "I<pathname> (which must refer to an existing, accessible file) and the "
1277 "least significant 8 bits of I<proj_id> (which must be nonzero) to generate a "
1278 "I<key_t> type System V IPC key, suitable for use with B<msgget>(2), "
1279 "B<semget>(2), or B<shmget>(2)."
1283 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:61
1285 "The resulting value is the same for all pathnames that name the same file, "
1286 "when the same value of I<proj_id> is used. The value returned should be "
1287 "different when the (simultaneously existing) files or the project IDs "
1292 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:70
1294 "On success, the generated I<key_t> value is returned. On failure -1 is "
1295 "returned, with I<errno> indicating the error as for the B<stat>(2) system "
1300 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:74
1301 msgid "Under libc4 and libc5 (and under SunOS 4.x) the prototype was:"
1305 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:77
1306 msgid "B<key_t ftok(char *>I<pathname>B<, char >I<proj_id>B<);>"
1310 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:89
1312 "Today I<proj_id> is an I<int>, but still only 8 bits are used. Typical "
1313 "usage has an ASCII character I<proj_id>, that is why the behavior is said to "
1314 "be undefined when I<proj_id> is zero."
1318 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:101
1320 "Of course no guarantee can be given that the resulting I<key_t> is unique. "
1321 "Typically, a best effort attempt combines the given I<proj_id> byte, the "
1322 "lower 16 bits of the inode number, and the lower 8 bits of the device number "
1323 "into a 32-bit result. Collisions may easily happen, for example between "
1324 "files on I</dev/hda1> and files on I</dev/sda1>."
1328 #: build/C/man3/ftok.3:107
1329 msgid "B<msgget>(2), B<semget>(2), B<shmget>(2), B<stat>(2), B<svipc>(7)"
1333 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:27
1339 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:27
1345 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:30
1346 msgid "longjmp, siglongjmp - nonlocal jump to a saved stack context"
1350 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:33
1352 msgid "B<#include E<lt>setjmp.hE<gt>>\n"
1356 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:35
1358 msgid "B<void longjmp(jmp_buf >I<env>B<, int >I<val>B<);>\n"
1362 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:37
1364 msgid "B<void siglongjmp(sigjmp_buf >I<env>B<, int >I<val>B<);>\n"
1368 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:46
1370 "B<siglongjmp>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || "
1375 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:68
1377 "B<longjmp>() and B<setjmp>(3) are useful for dealing with errors and "
1378 "interrupts encountered in a low-level subroutine of a program. B<longjmp>() "
1379 "restores the environment saved by the last call of B<setjmp>(3) with the "
1380 "corresponding I<env> argument. After B<longjmp>() is completed, program "
1381 "execution continues as if the corresponding call of B<setjmp>(3) had just "
1382 "returned the value I<val>. B<longjmp>() cannot cause 0 to be returned. If "
1383 "B<longjmp>() is invoked with a second argument of 0, 1 will be returned "
1388 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:81
1390 "B<siglongjmp>() is similar to B<longjmp>() except for the type of its "
1391 "I<env> argument. If, and only if, the B<sigsetjmp>(3) call that set this "
1392 "I<env> used a nonzero I<savesigs> flag, B<siglongjmp>() also restores the "
1393 "signal mask that was saved by B<sigsetjmp>(3)."
1397 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:83
1398 msgid "These functions never return."
1402 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:88
1404 "C89, C99, and POSIX.1-2001 specify B<longjmp>(). POSIX.1-2001 specifies "
1409 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:98
1411 "POSIX does not specify whether B<longjmp>() will restore the signal context "
1412 "(see B<setjmp>(3) for some more details). If you want to portably save and "
1413 "restore signal masks, use B<sigsetjmp>(3) and B<siglongjmp>()."
1417 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:102
1419 "The values of automatic variables are unspecified after a call to "
1420 "B<longjmp>() if they meet all the following criteria:"
1424 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:102 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:106 build/C/man3/longjmp.3:112
1430 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:106
1432 "they are local to the function that made the corresponding B<setjmp>(3) "
1437 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:112
1439 "their values are changed between the calls to B<setjmp>(3) and "
1444 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:115
1445 msgid "they are not declared as I<volatile>."
1449 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:118
1450 msgid "Analogous remarks apply for B<siglongjmp>()."
1454 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:125
1456 "B<longjmp>() and B<siglongjmp>() make programs hard to understand and "
1457 "maintain. If possible an alternative should be used."
1461 #: build/C/man3/longjmp.3:128
1462 msgid "B<setjmp>(3), B<sigsetjmp>(3)"
1466 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:28
1472 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:28
1478 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:31
1479 msgid "offsetof - offset of a structure member"
1483 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:34
1485 msgid "B<#include E<lt>stddef.hE<gt>>\n"
1489 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:36
1491 msgid "B<size_t offsetof(>I<type>B<, >I<member>B<);>\n"
1495 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:42
1497 "The macro B<offsetof>() returns the offset of the field I<member> from the "
1498 "start of the structure I<type>."
1502 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:49
1504 "This macro is useful because the sizes of the fields that compose a "
1505 "structure can vary across implementations, and compilers may insert "
1506 "different numbers of padding bytes between fields. Consequently, an "
1507 "element's offset is not necessarily given by the sum of the sizes of the "
1508 "previous elements."
1512 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:53
1514 "A compiler error will result if I<member> is not aligned to a byte boundary "
1515 "(i.e., it is a bit field)."
1519 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:60
1521 "B<offsetof>() returns the offset of the given I<member> within the given "
1522 "I<type>, in units of bytes."
1526 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:62
1527 msgid "C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001."
1531 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:66
1533 "On a Linux/i386 system, when compiled using the default B<gcc>(1) options, "
1534 "the program below produces the following output:"
1538 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:72
1542 "offsets: i=0; c=4; d=8 a=16\n"
1543 "sizeof(struct s)=16\n"
1547 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:79
1550 "#include E<lt>stddef.hE<gt>\n"
1551 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
1552 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
1556 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:89
1571 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:91
1573 msgid " /* Output is compiler dependent */\n"
1577 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:98
1580 " printf(\"offsets: i=%ld; c=%ld; d=%ld a=%ld\\en\",\n"
1581 " (long) offsetof(struct s, i),\n"
1582 " (long) offsetof(struct s, c),\n"
1583 " (long) offsetof(struct s, d),\n"
1584 " (long) offsetof(struct s, a));\n"
1585 " printf(\"sizeof(struct s)=%ld\\en\", (long) sizeof(struct s));\n"
1589 #: build/C/man3/offsetof.3:101
1592 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
1597 #: build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:24
1599 msgid "INVOCATION_NAME"
1603 #: build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:24
1609 #: build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:28
1611 "program_invocation_name, program_invocation_short_name - obtain name used to "
1612 "invoke calling program"
1616 #: build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:32
1619 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
1620 "B<#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>>\n"
1624 #: build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:35
1627 "B<extern char *>I<program_invocation_name>B<;>\n"
1628 "B<extern char *>I<program_invocation_short_name>B<;>\n"
1632 #: build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:46
1634 "I<program_invocation_name> contains the name that was used to invoke the "
1635 "calling program. This is the same as the value of I<argv[0]> in I<main>(), "
1636 "with the difference that the scope of I<program_invocation_name> is global."
1640 #: build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:53
1642 "I<program_invocation_short_name> contains the basename component of name "
1643 "that was used to invoke the calling program. That is, it is the same value "
1644 "as I<program_invocation_name>, with all text up to and including the final "
1645 "slash (/), if any, removed."
1649 #: build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:56
1651 "These variables are automatically initialized by the glibc run-time startup "
1656 #: build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:59
1658 "These variables are GNU extensions, and should not be used in programs "
1659 "intended to be portable."
1663 #: build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:63
1665 "The Linux-specific I</proc/[number]/cmdline> file provides access to similar "
1670 #: build/C/man3/program_invocation_name.3:65
1675 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:39
1681 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:39
1687 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:48
1689 "LIST_ENTRY, LIST_HEAD, LIST_INIT, LIST_INSERT_AFTER, LIST_INSERT_HEAD, "
1690 "LIST_REMOVE, TAILQ_ENTRY, TAILQ_HEAD, TAILQ_INIT, TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER, "
1691 "TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD, TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL, TAILQ_REMOVE, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY, "
1692 "CIRCLEQ_HEAD, CIRCLEQ_INIT, CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER, CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE, "
1693 "CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD, CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL, CIRCLEQ_REMOVE - implementations "
1694 "of lists, tail queues, and circular queues"
1698 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:51
1700 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/queue.hE<gt>>\n"
1704 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:60
1707 "B<LIST_ENTRY(>I<TYPE>B<);>\n"
1708 "B<LIST_HEAD(>I<HEADNAME>B<, >I<TYPE>B<);>\n"
1709 "B<LIST_INIT(LIST_HEAD *>I<head>B<);>\n"
1710 "B<LIST_INSERT_AFTER(LIST_ENTRY *>I<listelm>B<, >\n"
1711 "B< TYPE *>I<elm>B<, LIST_ENTRY >I<NAME>B<);>\n"
1712 "B<LIST_INSERT_HEAD(LIST_HEAD *>I<head>B<, >\n"
1713 "B< TYPE *>I<elm>B<, LIST_ENTRY >I<NAME>B<);>\n"
1714 "B<LIST_REMOVE(TYPE *>I<elm>B<, LIST_ENTRY >I<NAME>B<);>\n"
1718 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:71
1721 "B<TAILQ_ENTRY(>I<TYPE>B<);>\n"
1722 "B<TAILQ_HEAD(>I<HEADNAME>B<, >I<TYPE>B<);>\n"
1723 "B<TAILQ_INIT(TAILQ_HEAD *>I<head>B<);>\n"
1724 "B<TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(TAILQ_HEAD *>I<head>B<, TYPE *>I<listelm>B<, >\n"
1725 "B< TYPE *>I<elm>B<, TAILQ_ENTRY >I<NAME>B<);>\n"
1726 "B<TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(TAILQ_HEAD *>I<head>B<, >\n"
1727 "B< TYPE *>I<elm>B<, TAILQ_ENTRY >I<NAME>B<);>\n"
1728 "B<TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(TAILQ_HEAD *>I<head>B<, >\n"
1729 "B< TYPE *>I<elm>B<, TAILQ_ENTRY >I<NAME>B<);>\n"
1730 "B<TAILQ_REMOVE(TAILQ_HEAD *>I<head>B<, TYPE *>I<elm>B<, TAILQ_ENTRY "
1735 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:85
1738 "B<CIRCLEQ_ENTRY(>I<TYPE>B<);>\n"
1739 "B<CIRCLEQ_HEAD(>I<HEADNAME>B<, >I<TYPE>B<);>\n"
1740 "B<CIRCLEQ_INIT(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *>I<head>B<);>\n"
1741 "B<CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *>I<head>B<, TYPE *>I<listelm>B<, >\n"
1742 "B< TYPE *>I<elm>B<, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY >I<NAME>B<);>\n"
1743 "B<CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *>I<head>B<, TYPE *>I<listelm>B<, >\n"
1744 "B< TYPE *>I<elm>B<, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY >I<NAME>B<);>\n"
1745 "B<CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *>I<head>B<, >\n"
1746 "B< TYPE *>I<elm>B<, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY >I<NAME>B<);>\n"
1747 "B<CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *>I<head>B<, >\n"
1748 "B< TYPE *>I<elm>B<, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY >I<NAME>B<);>\n"
1749 "B<CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(CIRCLEQ_HEAD *>I<head>B<, >\n"
1750 "B< TYPE *>I<elm>B<, CIRCLEQ_ENTRY >I<NAME>B<);>\n"
1754 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:90
1756 "These macros define and operate on three types of data structures: lists, "
1757 "tail queues, and circular queues. All three structures support the "
1758 "following functionality:"
1762 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:95
1763 msgid "Insertion of a new entry at the head of the list."
1767 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:97
1768 msgid "Insertion of a new entry after any element in the list."
1772 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:99
1773 msgid "Removal of any entry in the list."
1777 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:101
1778 msgid "Forward traversal through the list."
1782 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:106
1784 "Lists are the simplest of the three data structures and support only the "
1785 "above functionality."
1789 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:108
1790 msgid "Tail queues add the following functionality:"
1794 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:111 build/C/man3/queue.3:133
1795 msgid "Entries can be added at the end of a list."
1799 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:114 build/C/man3/queue.3:141
1804 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:117 build/C/man3/queue.3:144
1810 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:119 build/C/man3/queue.3:146
1811 msgid "All list insertions and removals must specify the head of the list."
1815 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:119 build/C/man3/queue.3:146
1821 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:121 build/C/man3/queue.3:148
1822 msgid "Each head entry requires two pointers rather than one."
1826 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:121 build/C/man3/queue.3:148
1832 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:124
1834 "Code size is about 15% greater and operations run about 20% slower than "
1839 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:128
1840 msgid "Circular queues add the following functionality:"
1844 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:135
1845 msgid "Entries can be added before another entry."
1849 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:137
1850 msgid "They may be traversed backward, from tail to head."
1854 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:150
1855 msgid "The termination condition for traversal is more complex."
1859 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:150
1865 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:153
1867 "Code size is about 40% greater and operations run about 45% slower than "
1872 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:176
1874 "In the macro definitions, I<TYPE> is the name of a user-defined structure, "
1875 "that must contain a field of type B<LIST_ENTRY>, B<TAILQ_ENTRY>, or "
1876 "B<CIRCLEQ_ENTRY>, named I<NAME>. The argument I<HEADNAME> is the name of a "
1877 "user-defined structure that must be declared using the macros B<LIST_HEAD>, "
1878 "B<TAILQ_HEAD>, or B<CIRCLEQ_HEAD>. See the examples below for further "
1879 "explanation of how these macros are used."
1883 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:176
1889 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:189
1891 "A list is headed by a structure defined by the B<LIST_HEAD> macro. This "
1892 "structure contains a single pointer to the first element on the list. The "
1893 "elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary element can be removed "
1894 "without traversing the list. New elements can be added to the list after an "
1895 "existing element or at the head of the list. A B<LIST_HEAD> structure is "
1896 "declared as follows:"
1900 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:193
1902 msgid "LIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;\n"
1906 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:202
1908 "where I<HEADNAME> is the name of the structure to be defined, and I<TYPE> is "
1909 "the type of the elements to be linked into the list. A pointer to the head "
1910 "of the list can later be declared as:"
1914 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:206 build/C/man3/queue.3:299 build/C/man3/queue.3:401
1916 msgid "struct HEADNAME *headp;\n"
1920 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:214 build/C/man3/queue.3:307 build/C/man3/queue.3:409
1921 msgid "(The names I<head> and I<headp> are user selectable.)"
1925 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:219
1927 "The macro B<LIST_ENTRY> declares a structure that connects the elements in "
1932 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:224
1933 msgid "The macro B<LIST_INIT> initializes the list referenced by I<head>."
1937 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:230
1939 "The macro B<LIST_INSERT_HEAD> inserts the new element I<elm> at the head of "
1944 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:237
1946 "The macro B<LIST_INSERT_AFTER> inserts the new element I<elm> after the "
1947 "element I<listelm>."
1951 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:243
1952 msgid "The macro B<LIST_REMOVE> removes the element I<elm> from the list."
1956 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:243
1958 msgid "List example"
1962 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:252
1965 "LIST_HEAD(listhead, entry) head;\n"
1966 "struct listhead *headp; /* List head. */\n"
1969 " LIST_ENTRY(entry) entries; /* List. */\n"
1971 "} *n1, *n2, *np;\n"
1975 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:254
1977 msgid "LIST_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the list. */\n"
1981 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:257
1984 "n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head. */\n"
1985 "LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);\n"
1989 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:263
1992 "n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after. */\n"
1993 "LIST_INSERT_AFTER(n1, n2, entries);\n"
1994 " /* Forward traversal. */\n"
1995 "for (np = head.lh_first; np != NULL; np = np-E<gt>entries.le_next)\n"
1999 #. FIXME http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1506
2001 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:267
2004 "while (head.lh_first != NULL) /* Delete. */\n"
2005 " LIST_REMOVE(head.lh_first, entries);\n"
2009 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:268
2015 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:282
2017 "A tail queue is headed by a structure defined by the B<TAILQ_HEAD> macro. "
2018 "This structure contains a pair of pointers, one to the first element in the "
2019 "tail queue and the other to the last element in the tail queue. The "
2020 "elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary element can be removed "
2021 "without traversing the tail queue. New elements can be added to the tail "
2022 "queue after an existing element, at the head of the tail queue, or at the "
2023 "end of the tail queue. A B<TAILQ_HEAD> structure is declared as follows:"
2027 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:286
2029 msgid "TAILQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;\n"
2033 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:295
2035 "where I<HEADNAME> is the name of the structure to be defined, and I<TYPE> is "
2036 "the type of the elements to be linked into the tail queue. A pointer to the "
2037 "head of the tail queue can later be declared as:"
2041 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:312
2043 "The macro B<TAILQ_ENTRY> declares a structure that connects the elements in "
2048 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:317
2049 msgid "The macro B<TAILQ_INIT> initializes the tail queue referenced by I<head>."
2053 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:323
2055 "The macro B<TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD> inserts the new element I<elm> at the head of "
2060 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:329
2062 "The macro B<TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL> inserts the new element I<elm> at the end of "
2067 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:336
2069 "The macro B<TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER> inserts the new element I<elm> after the "
2070 "element I<listelm>."
2074 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:342
2075 msgid "The macro B<TAILQ_REMOVE> removes the element I<elm> from the tail queue."
2079 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:342
2081 msgid "Tail queue example"
2085 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:351
2088 "TAILQ_HEAD(tailhead, entry) head;\n"
2089 "struct tailhead *headp; /* Tail queue head. */\n"
2092 " TAILQ_ENTRY(entry) entries; /* Tail queue. */\n"
2094 "} *n1, *n2, *np;\n"
2098 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:353
2100 msgid "TAILQ_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the queue. */\n"
2104 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:356
2107 "n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head. */\n"
2108 "TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);\n"
2112 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:359
2115 "n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the tail. */\n"
2116 "TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, n1, entries);\n"
2120 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:368
2123 "n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after. */\n"
2124 "TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&head, n1, n2, entries);\n"
2125 " /* Forward traversal. */\n"
2126 "for (np = head.tqh_first; np != NULL; np = np-E<gt>entries.tqe_next)\n"
2129 "while (head.tqh_first != NULL)\n"
2130 " TAILQ_REMOVE(&head, head.tqh_first, entries);\n"
2134 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:369
2136 msgid "Circular queues"
2140 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:384
2142 "A circular queue is headed by a structure defined by the B<CIRCLEQ_HEAD> "
2143 "macro. This structure contains a pair of pointers, one to the first element "
2144 "in the circular queue and the other to the last element in the circular "
2145 "queue. The elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary element can be "
2146 "removed without traversing the queue. New elements can be added to the "
2147 "queue after an existing element, before an existing element, at the head of "
2148 "the queue, or at the end of the queue. A B<CIRCLEQ_HEAD> structure is "
2149 "declared as follows:"
2153 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:388
2155 msgid "CIRCLEQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;\n"
2159 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:397
2161 "where I<HEADNAME> is the name of the structure to be defined, and I<TYPE> is "
2162 "the type of the elements to be linked into the circular queue. A pointer to "
2163 "the head of the circular queue can later be declared as:"
2167 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:414
2169 "The macro B<CIRCLEQ_ENTRY> declares a structure that connects the elements "
2170 "in the circular queue."
2174 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:419
2176 "The macro B<CIRCLEQ_INIT> initializes the circular queue referenced by "
2181 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:425
2183 "The macro B<CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD> inserts the new element I<elm> at the head "
2184 "of the circular queue."
2188 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:431
2190 "The macro B<CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL> inserts the new element I<elm> at the end "
2191 "of the circular queue."
2195 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:438
2197 "The macro B<CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER> inserts the new element I<elm> after the "
2198 "element I<listelm>."
2202 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:445
2204 "The macro B<CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE> inserts the new element I<elm> before the "
2205 "element I<listelm>."
2209 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:451
2211 "The macro B<CIRCLEQ_REMOVE> removes the element I<elm> from the circular "
2216 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:451
2218 msgid "Circular queue example"
2222 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:460
2225 "CIRCLEQ_HEAD(circleq, entry) head;\n"
2226 "struct circleq *headp; /* Circular queue head. */\n"
2229 " CIRCLEQ_ENTRY(entry) entries; /* Circular queue. */\n"
2231 "} *n1, *n2, *np;\n"
2235 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:462
2237 msgid "CIRCLEQ_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the circular queue. */\n"
2241 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:465
2244 "n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head. */\n"
2245 "CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);\n"
2249 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:468
2252 "n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the tail. */\n"
2253 "CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, n1, entries);\n"
2257 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:471
2260 "n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after. */\n"
2261 "CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(&head, n1, n2, entries);\n"
2265 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:484
2268 "n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert before. */\n"
2269 "CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE(&head, n1, n2, entries);\n"
2270 " /* Forward traversal. */\n"
2271 "for (np = head.cqh_first; np != (void *)&head;\n"
2272 " np = np-E<gt>entries.cqe_next)\n"
2274 " /* Reverse traversal. */\n"
2275 "for (np = head.cqh_last; np != (void *)&head; np = "
2276 "np-E<gt>entries.cqe_prev)\n"
2279 "while (head.cqh_first != (void *)&head)\n"
2280 " CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&head, head.cqh_first, entries);\n"
2284 #: build/C/man3/queue.3:491
2286 "Not in POSIX.1-2001. Present on the BSDs. The queue functions first "
2287 "appeared in 4.4BSD."
2291 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:28
2297 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:28
2303 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:31
2304 msgid "realpath - return the canonicalized absolute pathname"
2308 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:35
2311 "B<#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>>\n"
2312 "B<#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>>\n"
2316 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:37
2318 msgid "B<char *realpath(const char *>I<path>B<, char *>I<resolved_path>B<);>\n"
2322 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:45
2323 msgid "B<realpath>():"
2327 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:49
2329 "_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ "
2330 "_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
2334 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:71
2336 "B<realpath>() expands all symbolic links and resolves references to I</./>, "
2337 "I</../> and extra \\(aq/\\(aq characters in the null-terminated string named "
2338 "by I<path> to produce a canonicalized absolute pathname. The resulting "
2339 "pathname is stored as a null-terminated string, up to a maximum of "
2340 "B<PATH_MAX> bytes, in the buffer pointed to by I<resolved_path>. The "
2341 "resulting path will have no symbolic link, I</./> or I</../> components."
2344 #. Even if we use resolved_path == NULL, then realpath() will still
2345 #. return ENAMETOOLONG if the resolved pathname would exceed PATH_MAX
2346 #. bytes -- MTK, Dec 04
2350 #. function first appeared in 4.4BSD, contributed by Jan-Simon Pendry.
2352 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:91
2354 "If I<resolved_path> is specified as NULL, then B<realpath>() uses "
2355 "B<malloc>(3) to allocate a buffer of up to B<PATH_MAX> bytes to hold the "
2356 "resolved pathname, and returns a pointer to this buffer. The caller should "
2357 "deallocate this buffer using B<free>(3)."
2361 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:96
2363 "If there is no error, B<realpath>() returns a pointer to the "
2368 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:103
2370 "Otherwise, it returns a NULL pointer, the contents of the array "
2371 "I<resolved_path> are undefined, and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
2375 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:103
2381 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:104
2387 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:107
2388 msgid "Read or search permission was denied for a component of the path prefix."
2392 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:107
2397 #. (In libc5 this would just cause a segfault.)
2399 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:116
2401 "I<path> is NULL. (In glibc versions before 2.3, this error is also returned "
2402 "if I<resolved_path> is NULL.)"
2406 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:116
2412 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:119
2413 msgid "An I/O error occurred while reading from the file system."
2417 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:119
2423 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:122
2424 msgid "Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname."
2428 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:122
2430 msgid "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
2434 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:129
2436 "A component of a pathname exceeded B<NAME_MAX> characters, or an entire "
2437 "pathname exceeded B<PATH_MAX> characters."
2441 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:129
2447 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:132
2448 msgid "The named file does not exist."
2452 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:132
2458 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:135
2459 msgid "A component of the path prefix is not a directory."
2463 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:137
2464 msgid "On Linux, this function appeared in libc 4.5.21."
2468 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:139
2469 msgid "4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001."
2473 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:144
2475 "POSIX.1-2001 says that the behavior if I<resolved_path> is NULL is "
2476 "implementation-defined. POSIX.1-2008 specifies the behavior described in "
2481 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:156
2483 "In 4.4BSD and Solaris, the limit on the pathname length is B<MAXPATHLEN> "
2484 "(found in I<E<lt>sys/param.hE<gt>>). SUSv2 prescribes B<PATH_MAX> and "
2485 "B<NAME_MAX>, as found in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> or provided by the "
2486 "B<pathconf>(3) function. A typical source fragment would be"
2490 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:166
2494 " path_max = PATH_MAX;\n"
2496 " path_max = pathconf(path, _PC_PATH_MAX);\n"
2497 " if (path_max E<lt>= 0)\n"
2498 " path_max = 4096;\n"
2503 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:170
2504 msgid "(But see the BUGS section.)"
2507 #. 2012-05-05, According to Casper Dik, the statement about
2508 #. Solaris was not true at least as far back as 1997, and
2509 #. may never have been true.
2511 #. The 4.4BSD, Linux and SUSv2 versions always return an absolute
2513 #. Solaris may return a relative pathname when the
2515 #. argument is relative.
2517 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:184
2519 "The prototype of B<realpath>() is given in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>> in libc4 "
2520 "and libc5, but in I<E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>> everywhere else."
2524 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:184
2526 msgid "GNU extensions"
2530 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:195
2532 "If the call fails with either B<EACCES> or B<ENOENT> and I<resolved_path> is "
2533 "not NULL, then the prefix of I<path> that is not readable or does not exist "
2534 "is returned in I<resolved_path>."
2538 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:220
2540 "The POSIX.1-2001 standard version of this function is broken by design, "
2541 "since it is impossible to determine a suitable size for the output buffer, "
2542 "I<resolved_path>. According to POSIX.1-2001 a buffer of size B<PATH_MAX> "
2543 "suffices, but B<PATH_MAX> need not be a defined constant, and may have to be "
2544 "obtained using B<pathconf>(3). And asking B<pathconf>(3) does not really "
2545 "help, since, on the one hand POSIX warns that the result of B<pathconf>(3) "
2546 "may be huge and unsuitable for mallocing memory, and on the other hand "
2547 "B<pathconf>(3) may return -1 to signify that B<PATH_MAX> is not bounded. "
2548 "The I<resolved_path\\ ==\\ NULL> feature, not standardized in POSIX.1-2001, "
2549 "but standardized in POSIX.1-2008, allows this design problem to be avoided."
2553 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:226
2555 "The libc4 and libc5 implementation contained a buffer overflow (fixed in "
2556 "libc-5.4.13). Thus, set-user-ID programs like B<mount>(8) needed a private "
2561 #: build/C/man3/realpath.3:232
2563 "B<readlink>(2), B<canonicalize_file_name>(3), B<getcwd>(3), B<pathconf>(3), "
2568 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:27
2574 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:27
2580 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:30
2581 msgid "setjmp, sigsetjmp - save stack context for nonlocal goto"
2585 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:32
2586 msgid "B<#include E<lt>setjmp.hE<gt>>"
2590 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:35
2592 msgid "B<int setjmp(jmp_buf >I<env>B<);>\n"
2596 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:37
2598 msgid "B<int sigsetjmp(sigjmp_buf >I<env>B<, int >I<savesigs>B<);>\n"
2602 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:46
2603 msgid "B<setjmp>(): see NOTES."
2607 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:49
2609 "B<sigsetjmp>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || "
2614 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:63
2616 "B<setjmp>() and B<longjmp>(3) are useful for dealing with errors and "
2617 "interrupts encountered in a low-level subroutine of a program. B<setjmp>() "
2618 "saves the stack context/environment in I<env> for later use by "
2619 "B<longjmp>(3). The stack context will be invalidated if the function which "
2620 "called B<setjmp>() returns."
2624 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:72
2626 "B<sigsetjmp>() is similar to B<setjmp>(). If, and only if, I<savesigs> is "
2627 "nonzero, the process's current signal mask is saved in I<env> and will be "
2628 "restored if a B<siglongjmp>(3) is later performed with this I<env>."
2632 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:82
2634 "B<setjmp>() and B<sigsetjmp>() return 0 if returning directly, and nonzero "
2635 "when returning from B<longjmp>(3) or B<siglongjmp>(3) using the saved "
2640 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:87
2642 "C89, C99, and POSIX.1-2001 specify B<setjmp>(). POSIX.1-2001 specifies "
2647 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:106
2649 "POSIX does not specify whether B<setjmp>() will save the signal mask. In "
2650 "System V it will not. In 4.3BSD it will, and there is a function B<_setjmp> "
2651 "that will not. By default, Linux/glibc follows the System V behavior, but "
2652 "the BSD behavior is provided if the B<_BSD_SOURCE> feature test macro is "
2653 "defined and none of B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>, "
2654 "B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED>, B<_GNU_SOURCE>, or B<_SVID_SOURCE> is defined."
2658 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:111
2660 "If you want to portably save and restore signal masks, use B<sigsetjmp>() "
2661 "and B<siglongjmp>(3)."
2665 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:118
2667 "B<setjmp>() and B<sigsetjmp>() make programs hard to understand and "
2668 "maintain. If possible an alternative should be used."
2672 #: build/C/man3/setjmp.3:121
2673 msgid "B<longjmp>(3), B<siglongjmp>(3)"
2677 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:13
2683 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:13
2689 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:16
2690 msgid "xencrypt, xdecrypt, passwd2des - RFS password encryption"
2694 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:18
2695 msgid "B<#include E<lt>rpc/des_crypt.hE<gt>>"
2699 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:20
2700 msgid "B<void passwd2des(char >I<*passwd>B<, char *>I<key>B<);>"
2704 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:22
2705 msgid "B<int xencrypt(char *>I<secret>B<, char *>I<passwd>B<);>"
2709 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:24
2710 msgid "B<int xdecrypt(char *>I<secret>B<, char *>I<passwd>B<);>"
2714 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:40
2716 "The function B<passwd2des>() takes a character string I<passwd> of "
2717 "arbitrary length and fills a character array I<key> of length 8. The array "
2718 "I<key> is suitable for use as DES key. It has odd parity set in bit 0 of "
2719 "each byte. Both other functions described here use this function to turn "
2720 "their argument I<passwd> into a DES key."
2723 #. (over the alphabet 0123456789abcdefABCDEF),
2724 #. (over the alphabet 0123456789abcdef)
2726 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:57
2728 "The B<xencrypt>() function takes the ASCII character string I<secret> given "
2729 "in hex, which must have a length that is a multiple of 16, encrypts it using "
2730 "the DES key derived from I<passwd> by B<passwd2des>(), and outputs the "
2731 "result again in I<secret> as a hex string of the same length."
2735 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:61
2736 msgid "The B<xdecrypt>() function performs the converse operation."
2740 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:67
2742 "The functions B<xencrypt>() and B<xdecrypt>() return 1 on success and 0 on "
2747 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:70
2749 "These routines are present in libc 4.6.27 and later, and in glibc 2.1 and "
2754 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:72
2755 msgid "The prototypes are missing from the abovementioned include file."
2759 #: build/C/man3/xcrypt.3:74
2760 msgid "B<cbc_crypt>(3)"