1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
9 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
10 "POT-Creation-Date: 2013-03-26 16:48+0900\n"
11 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
12 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
13 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
20 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:30
26 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:30 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:33
32 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:30 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:33 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:24 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:29 build/C/man3/getpw.3:32 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:33 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:24 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:37 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:8 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:32 build/C/man3/putgrent.3:7 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:30 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:9
38 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:30 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:33 build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:19 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:30 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:24 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:33 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:29 build/C/man3/getpw.3:32 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:33 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:24 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:37 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:8 build/C/man5/group.5:26 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:32 build/C/man5/passwd.5:30 build/C/man3/putgrent.3:7 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:30 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:9
40 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
44 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:31 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:34 build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:20 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:31 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:25 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:34 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:30 build/C/man3/getpw.3:33 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:34 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:25 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:38 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:9 build/C/man5/group.5:27 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:33 build/C/man5/passwd.5:31 build/C/man3/putgrent.3:8 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:31 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:10
50 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:33
51 msgid "fgetgrent - get group file entry"
55 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:33 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:36 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:33 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:27 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:36 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:32 build/C/man3/getpw.3:35 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:36 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:27 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:40 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:13 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:35 build/C/man3/putgrent.3:10 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:33 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:13
61 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:38
64 "B<#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>>\n"
65 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
66 "B<#include E<lt>grp.hE<gt>>\n"
70 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:40
72 msgid "B<struct group *fgetgrent(FILE *>I<stream>B<);>\n"
76 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:45 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:48 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:48 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:43 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:57 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:42 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:51 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:43 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:61 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:61 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:46 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:45
77 msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
81 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:49
82 msgid "B<fgetgrent>(): _SVID_SOURCE"
86 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:49 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:52 build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:22 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:68 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:51 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:67 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:46 build/C/man3/getpw.3:43 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:62 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:50 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:71 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:72 build/C/man5/group.5:29 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:50 build/C/man5/passwd.5:33 build/C/man3/putgrent.3:16 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:49 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:31
92 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:63
94 "The B<fgetgrent>() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the "
95 "group information from the file referred to by I<stream>. The first time it "
96 "is called it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns successive "
97 "entries. The file referred to by I<stream> must have the same format as "
98 "I</etc/group> (see B<group>(5))."
102 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:65 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:92 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:68 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:86
103 msgid "The I<group> structure is defined in I<E<lt>grp.hE<gt>> as follows:"
107 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:74
111 " char *gr_name; /* group name */\n"
112 " char *gr_passwd; /* group password */\n"
113 " gid_t gr_gid; /* group ID */\n"
114 " char **gr_mem; /* group members */\n"
119 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:76 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:81 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:106 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:101 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:136 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:78 build/C/man3/getpw.3:72 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:103 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:103 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:143 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:216 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:62 build/C/man3/putgrent.3:38 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:70 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:88
125 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:83
127 "The B<fgetgrent>() function returns a pointer to a I<group> structure, or "
128 "NULL if there are no more entries or an error occurs."
132 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:83 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:88 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:129 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:108 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:174 build/C/man3/getpw.3:78 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:125 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:110 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:181 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:227 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:69 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:75
138 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:84 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:89 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:142 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:196 build/C/man3/getpw.3:87 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:140 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:203 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:70
144 #. to allocate the group structure, or to allocate buffers
146 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:89 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:148 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:203
147 msgid "Insufficient memory to allocate I<group> structure."
151 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:89 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:98 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:155 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:116 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:210 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:98 build/C/man3/getpw.3:96 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:154 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:118 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:217 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:247 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:82 build/C/man3/putgrent.3:40 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:79 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:100
153 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
157 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:91 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:100 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:81
162 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:91 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:100 build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:49 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:157 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:183 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:233 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:189 build/C/man3/getpw.3:105 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:159 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:180 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:313 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:251 build/C/man5/group.5:61 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:84 build/C/man5/passwd.5:162 build/C/man3/putgrent.3:42 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:81 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:144
168 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:101
170 "B<endgrent>(3), B<fgetgrent_r>(3), B<fopen>(3), B<getgrent>(3), "
171 "B<getgrgid>(3), B<getgrnam>(3), B<putgrent>(3), B<setgrent>(3), B<group>(5)"
175 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:101 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:111 build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:53 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:165 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:190 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:240 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:195 build/C/man3/getpw.3:114 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:167 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:188 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:323 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:256 build/C/man5/group.5:67 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:88 build/C/man5/passwd.5:171 build/C/man3/putgrent.3:46 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:89 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:153
181 #: build/C/man3/fgetgrent.3:108 build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:118 build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:60 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:172 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:197 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:247 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:202 build/C/man3/getpw.3:121 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:174 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:195 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:330 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:263 build/C/man5/group.5:74 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:95 build/C/man5/passwd.5:178 build/C/man3/putgrent.3:53 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:96 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:160
183 "This page is part of release 3.50 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
184 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
185 "found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
189 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:33
195 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:36
196 msgid "fgetpwent - get password file entry"
200 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:41 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:38
203 "B<#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>>\n"
204 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
205 "B<#include E<lt>pwd.hE<gt>>\n"
209 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:43
211 msgid "B<struct passwd *fgetpwent(FILE *>I<stream>B<);>\n"
215 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:52
216 msgid "B<fgetpwent>(): _SVID_SOURCE"
220 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:65
222 "The B<fgetpwent>() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the "
223 "broken out fields of a line in the file I<stream>. The first time it is "
224 "called it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns successive "
225 "entries. The file referred to by I<stream> must have the same format as "
226 "I</etc/passwd> (see B<passwd>(5))."
230 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:67 build/C/man3/getpw.3:55 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:86 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:67 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:90 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:56
231 msgid "The I<passwd> structure is defined in I<E<lt>pwd.hE<gt>> as follows:"
235 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:79
239 " char *pw_name; /* username */\n"
240 " char *pw_passwd; /* user password */\n"
241 " uid_t pw_uid; /* user ID */\n"
242 " gid_t pw_gid; /* group ID */\n"
243 " char *pw_gecos; /* real name */\n"
244 " char *pw_dir; /* home directory */\n"
245 " char *pw_shell; /* shell program */\n"
250 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:88
252 "The B<fgetpwent>() function returns a pointer to a I<passwd> structure, or "
253 "NULL if there are no more entries or an error occurs."
257 #. This structure is static, allocated 0 or 1 times. No memory leak. (libc45)
259 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:94 build/C/man3/getpw.3:92 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:147 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:210
260 msgid "Insufficient memory to allocate I<passwd> structure."
264 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:94 build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:47 build/C/man3/getgrent.3:151 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:206 build/C/man3/getpw.3:92 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:150 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:213 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:234 build/C/man5/group.5:53 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:78 build/C/man5/passwd.5:142 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:94
270 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:95 build/C/man3/getpw.3:93 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:151 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:214 build/C/man5/passwd.5:144
272 msgid "I</etc/passwd>"
276 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:98 build/C/man3/getpw.3:96
277 msgid "password database file"
281 #: build/C/man3/fgetpwent.3:111
283 "B<endpwent>(3), B<fgetpwent_r>(3), B<fopen>(3), B<getpw>(3), B<getpwent>(3), "
284 "B<getpwnam>(3), B<getpwuid>(3), B<putpwent>(3), B<setpwent>(3), B<passwd>(5)"
288 #: build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:19
294 #: build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:19
300 #: build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:19 build/C/man5/group.5:26 build/C/man5/passwd.5:30
306 #: build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:22
307 msgid "ftpusers - list of users that may not log in via the FTP daemon"
311 #: build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:41
313 "The text file B<ftpusers> contains a list of users that may not log in using "
314 "the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server daemon. This file is used not "
315 "merely for system administration purposes but for improving security within "
316 "a TCP/IP networked environment. It will typically contain a list of the "
317 "users that either have no business using ftp or have too many privileges to "
318 "be allowed to log in through the FTP server daemon. Such users usually "
319 "include root, daemon, bin, uucp, and news. If your FTP server daemon "
320 "doesn't use B<ftpusers> then it is suggested that you read its documentation "
321 "to find out how to block access for certain users. Washington University "
322 "FTP server Daemon (wuftpd) and Professional FTP Daemon (proftpd) are known "
323 "to make use of B<ftpusers>."
327 #: build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:41
333 #: build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:47
335 "The format of B<ftpusers> is very simple. There is one account name (or "
336 "username) per line. Lines starting with a # are ignored."
340 #: build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:49
341 msgid "I</etc/ftpusers>"
345 #: build/C/man5/ftpusers.5:53
346 msgid "B<passwd>(5), B<proftpd>(8), B<wuftpd>(8)"
350 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:30
356 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:30 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:24 build/C/man3/getpw.3:32 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:33 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:24 build/C/man5/group.5:26
362 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:33
363 msgid "getgrent, setgrent, endgrent - get group file entry"
367 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:37 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:40 build/C/man3/initgroups.3:39
370 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
371 "B<#include E<lt>grp.hE<gt>>\n"
375 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:39
377 msgid "B<struct group *getgrent(void);>\n"
381 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:41
383 msgid "B<void setgrent(void);>\n"
387 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:43
389 msgid "B<void endgrent(void);>\n"
393 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:53
394 msgid "B<setgrent>():"
398 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:56
400 "_SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || "
401 "_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED ||"
405 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:58
406 msgid "/* Since glibc 2.12: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 200809L"
410 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:62
411 msgid "B<getgrent>(), B<endgrent>():"
415 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:65
417 "_SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || "
418 "_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
422 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:80
424 "The B<getgrent>() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the "
425 "broken-out fields of a record in the group database (e.g., the local group "
426 "file I</etc/group>, NIS, and LDAP). The first time B<getgrent>() is "
427 "called, it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns successive "
432 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:85
434 "The B<setgrent>() function rewinds to the beginning of the group database, "
435 "to allow repeated scans."
439 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:90
441 "The B<endgrent>() function is used to close the group database after all "
442 "processing has been performed."
446 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:101 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:95
450 " char *gr_name; /* group name */\n"
451 " char *gr_passwd; /* group password */\n"
452 " gid_t gr_gid; /* group ID */\n"
453 " char **gr_mem; /* group members */\n"
458 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:106 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:82 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:100
459 msgid "For more information about the fields of this structure, see B<group>(5)."
463 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:113
465 "The B<getgrent>() function returns a pointer to a I<group> structure, or "
466 "NULL if there are no more entries or an error occurs."
470 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:120
472 "Upon error, I<errno> may be set. If one wants to check I<errno> after the "
473 "call, it should be set to zero before the call."
477 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:129
479 "The return value may point to a static area, and may be overwritten by "
480 "subsequent calls to B<getgrent>(), B<getgrgid>(3), or B<getgrnam>(3). (Do "
481 "not pass the returned pointer to B<free>(3).)"
485 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:130 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:182 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:126 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:189
491 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:133 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:185 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:129 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:192
492 msgid "A signal was caught."
496 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:133 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:185 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:129 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:192
502 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:136 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:188 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:132 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:195
507 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:136 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:188 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:132 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:195
513 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:139
514 msgid "The calling process already has too many open files."
518 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:139 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:193 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:137 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:200
524 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:142
525 msgid "Too many open files in the system."
529 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:148 build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:112 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:203 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:147 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:114 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:210 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:231
535 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:151 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:206 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:150 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:213
536 msgid "Insufficient buffer space supplied."
540 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:152 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:207
542 msgid "I</etc/group>"
546 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:155 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:210
547 msgid "local group database file"
551 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:157 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:212
552 msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001."
556 #: build/C/man3/getgrent.3:165
558 "B<fgetgrent>(3), B<getgrent_r>(3), B<getgrgid>(3), B<getgrnam>(3), "
559 "B<getgrouplist>(3), B<putgrent>(3), B<group>(5)"
563 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:24
569 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:27
570 msgid "getgrent_r, fgetgrent_r - get group file entry reentrantly"
574 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:30
576 msgid "B<#include E<lt>grp.hE<gt>>\n"
580 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:32
582 msgid "B<int getgrent_r(struct group *>I<gbuf>B<, char *>I<buf>B<,>\n"
586 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:34
588 msgid "B< size_t >I<buflen>B<, struct group **>I<gbufp>B<);>\n"
592 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:36
595 "B<int fgetgrent_r(FILE *>I<fp>B<, struct group *>I<gbuf>B<, char "
600 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:38
602 msgid "B< size_t >I<buflen>B<, struct group **>I<gbufp>B<);>\n"
605 #. FIXME . The FTM requirements seem inconsistent here. File a glibc bug?
607 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:48
608 msgid "B<getgrent_r>(): _GNU_SOURCE"
612 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:51
613 msgid "B<fgetgrent_r>(): _SVID_SOURCE"
617 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:64
619 "The functions B<getgrent_r>() and B<fgetgrent_r>() are the reentrant "
620 "versions of B<getgrent>(3) and B<fgetgrent>(3). The former reads the next "
621 "group entry from the stream initialized by B<setgrent>(3). The latter reads "
622 "the next group entry from the stream I<fp>."
626 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:77
630 " char *gr_name; /* group name */\n"
631 " char *gr_passwd; /* group password */\n"
632 " gid_t gr_gid; /* group ID */\n"
633 " char **gr_mem; /* group members */\n"
638 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:101
640 "The nonreentrant functions return a pointer to static storage, where this "
641 "static storage contains further pointers to group name, password and "
642 "members. The reentrant functions described here return all of that in "
643 "caller-provided buffers. First of all there is the buffer I<gbuf> that can "
644 "hold a I<struct group>. And next the buffer I<buf> of size I<buflen> that "
645 "can hold additional strings. The result of these functions, the I<struct "
646 "group> read from the stream, is stored in the provided buffer I<*gbuf>, and "
647 "a pointer to this I<struct group> is returned in I<*gbufp>."
651 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:108
653 "On success, these functions return 0 and I<*gbufp> is a pointer to the "
654 "I<struct group>. On error, these functions return an error value and "
659 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:109 build/C/man3/getpw.3:83 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:111
665 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:112 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:114
666 msgid "No more entries."
670 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:116 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:118
671 msgid "Insufficient buffer space supplied. Try again with larger buffer."
675 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:121 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:123
677 "These functions are GNU extensions, done in a style resembling the POSIX "
678 "version of functions like B<getpwnam_r>(3). Other systems use prototype"
682 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:126
685 "struct group *getgrent_r(struct group *grp, char *buf,\n"
690 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:130 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:132
695 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:135
698 "int getgrent_r(struct group *grp, char *buf, int buflen,\n"
703 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:137 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:212 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:140 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:222 build/C/man5/passwd.5:144
709 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:142
711 "The function B<getgrent_r>() is not really reentrant since it shares the "
712 "reading position in the stream with all other threads."
716 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:142 build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:109 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:145 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:261 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:114
722 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:149
725 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
726 "#include E<lt>grp.hE<gt>\n"
727 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
728 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
729 "#define BUFLEN 4096\n"
733 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:156
739 " struct group grp, *grpp;\n"
740 " char buf[BUFLEN];\n"
745 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:173
750 " i = getgrent_r(&grp, buf, BUFLEN, &grpp);\n"
753 " printf(\"%s (%d):\", grpp-E<gt>gr_name, grpp-E<gt>gr_gid);\n"
754 " for (i = 0; ; i++) {\n"
755 " if (grpp-E<gt>gr_mem[i] == NULL)\n"
757 " printf(\" %s\", grpp-E<gt>gr_mem[i]);\n"
759 " printf(\"\\en\");\n"
762 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
767 #: build/C/man3/getgrent_r.3:190
769 "B<fgetgrent>(3), B<getgrent>(3), B<getgrgid>(3), B<getgrnam>(3), "
770 "B<putgrent>(3), B<group>(5)"
774 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:33
780 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:33 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:37
786 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:36
787 msgid "getgrnam, getgrnam_r, getgrgid, getgrgid_r - get group file entry"
791 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:42
793 msgid "B<struct group *getgrnam(const char *>I<name>B<);>\n"
797 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:44
799 msgid "B<struct group *getgrgid(gid_t >I<gid>B<);>\n"
803 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:46
805 msgid "B<int getgrnam_r(const char *>I<name>B<, struct group *>I<grp>B<,>\n"
809 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:48 build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:52
812 "B< char *>I<buf>B<, size_t >I<buflen>B<, struct group "
813 "**>I<result>B<);>\n"
817 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:50
819 msgid "B<int getgrgid_r(gid_t >I<gid>B<, struct group *>I<grp>B<,>\n"
823 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:62
824 msgid "B<getgrnam_r>(), B<getgrgid_r>():"
828 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:65 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:69
830 "_POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE "
835 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:77
837 "The B<getgrnam>() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the "
838 "broken-out fields of the record in the group database (e.g., the local group "
839 "file I</etc/group>, NIS, and LDAP) that matches the group name I<name>."
843 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:84
845 "The B<getgrgid>() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the "
846 "broken-out fields of the record in the group database that matches the group "
851 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:123
853 "The B<getgrnam_r>() and B<getgrgid_r>() functions obtain the same "
854 "information as B<getgrnam>() and B<getgrgid>(), but store the retrieved "
855 "I<group> structure in the space pointed to by I<grp>. The string fields "
856 "pointed to by the members of the I<group> structure are stored in the buffer "
857 "I<buf> of size I<buflen>. A pointer to the result (in case of success) or "
858 "NULL (in case no entry was found or an error occurred) is stored in "
863 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:125 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:132
868 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:127
870 msgid " sysconf(_SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX)\n"
874 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:136 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:143
876 "returns either -1, without changing I<errno>, or an initial suggested size "
877 "for I<buf>. (If this size is too small, the call fails with B<ERANGE>, in "
878 "which case the caller can retry with a larger buffer.)"
882 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:151
884 "The B<getgrnam>() and B<getgrgid>() functions return a pointer to a "
885 "I<group> structure, or NULL if the matching entry is not found or an error "
886 "occurs. If an error occurs, I<errno> is set appropriately. If one wants to "
887 "check I<errno> after the call, it should be set to zero before the call."
891 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:160
893 "The return value may point to a static area, and may be overwritten by "
894 "subsequent calls to B<getgrent>(3), B<getgrgid>(), or B<getgrnam>(). (Do "
895 "not pass the returned pointer to B<free>(3).)"
899 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:174
901 "On success, B<getgrnam_r>() and B<getgrgid_r>() return zero, and set "
902 "I<*result> to I<grp>. If no matching group record was found, these "
903 "functions return 0 and store NULL in I<*result>. In case of error, an error "
904 "number is returned, and NULL is stored in I<*result>."
908 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:175 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:182
910 msgid "B<0> or B<ENOENT> or B<ESRCH> or B<EBADF> or B<EPERM> or ... "
914 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:182
915 msgid "The given I<name> or I<gid> was not found."
919 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:193 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:137 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:200
921 "The maximum number (B<OPEN_MAX>) of files was open already in the calling "
926 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:196 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:140 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:203
927 msgid "The maximum number of files was open already in the system."
931 #. AIX 5.1 - gives ESRCH
932 #. OSF1 4.0g - gives EWOULDBLOCK
933 #. libc, glibc up to version 2.6, Irix 6.5 - give ENOENT
934 #. glibc since version 2.7 - give 0
935 #. FreeBSD 4.8, OpenBSD 3.2, NetBSD 1.6 - give EPERM
936 #. SunOS 5.8 - gives EBADF
937 #. Tru64 5.1b, HP-UX-11i, SunOS 5.7 - give 0
939 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:233
941 "The formulation given above under \"RETURN VALUE\" is from POSIX.1-2001. It "
942 "does not call \"not found\" an error, hence does not specify what value "
943 "I<errno> might have in this situation. But that makes it impossible to "
944 "recognize errors. One might argue that according to POSIX I<errno> should "
945 "be left unchanged if an entry is not found. Experiments on various "
946 "UNIX-like systems shows that lots of different values occur in this "
947 "situation: 0, ENOENT, EBADF, ESRCH, EWOULDBLOCK, EPERM and probably others."
951 #: build/C/man3/getgrnam.3:240
953 "B<endgrent>(3), B<fgetgrent>(3), B<getgrent>(3), B<getpwnam>(3), "
954 "B<setgrent>(3), B<group>(5)"
958 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:29
964 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:29
970 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:32
971 msgid "getgrouplist - get list of groups to which a user belongs"
975 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:34 build/C/man3/putgrent.3:14
976 msgid "B<#include E<lt>grp.hE<gt>>"
980 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:36
981 msgid "B<int getgrouplist(const char *>I<user>B<, gid_t >I<group>B<,>"
985 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:38
986 msgid "B< gid_t *>I<groups>B<, int *>I<ngroups>B<);>"
990 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:46
991 msgid "B<getgrouplist>(): _BSD_SOURCE"
995 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:58
997 "The B<getgrouplist>() function scans the group database (see B<group>(5)) "
998 "to obtain the list of groups that I<user> belongs to. Up to I<*ngroups> of "
999 "these groups are returned in the array I<groups>."
1003 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:68
1005 "If it was not among the groups defined for I<user> in the group database, "
1006 "then I<group> is included in the list of groups returned by "
1007 "B<getgrouplist>(); typically this argument is specified as the group ID from "
1008 "the password record for I<user>."
1012 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:78
1014 "The I<ngroups> argument is a value-result argument: on return it always "
1015 "contains the number of groups found for I<user>, including I<group>; this "
1016 "value may be greater than the number of groups stored in I<groups>."
1020 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:86
1022 "If the number of groups of which I<user> is a member is less than or equal "
1023 "to I<*ngroups>, then the value I<*ngroups> is returned."
1027 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:96
1029 "If the user is a member of more than I<*ngroups> groups, then "
1030 "B<getgrouplist>() returns -1. In this case the value returned in "
1031 "I<*ngroups> can be used to resize the buffer passed to a further call "
1032 "B<getgrouplist>()."
1036 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:96
1042 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:98
1043 msgid "This function is present since glibc 2.2.4."
1047 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:100
1048 msgid "This function is nonstandard; it appears on most BSDs."
1052 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:100 build/C/man3/getpw.3:98 build/C/man5/group.5:55
1058 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:109
1060 "In glibc versions before 2.3.3, the implementation of this function contains "
1061 "a buffer-overrun bug: it returns the complete list of groups for I<user> in "
1062 "the array I<groups>, even when the number of groups exceeds I<*ngroups>."
1066 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:118
1068 "The program below displays the group list for the user named in its first "
1069 "command-line argument. The second command-line argument specifies the "
1070 "I<ngroups> value to be supplied to B<getgrouplist>(). The following shell "
1071 "session shows examples of the use of this program:"
1075 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:128
1078 "$B< ./a.out cecilia 0>\n"
1079 "getgrouplist() returned -1; ngroups = 3\n"
1080 "$B< ./a.out cecilia 3>\n"
1088 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:130
1090 msgid "Program source"
1094 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:137
1097 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
1098 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
1099 "#include E<lt>grp.hE<gt>\n"
1100 "#include E<lt>pwd.hE<gt>\n"
1104 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:145
1108 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
1110 " int j, ngroups;\n"
1112 " struct passwd *pw;\n"
1113 " struct group *gr;\n"
1117 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:150
1120 " if (argc != 3) {\n"
1121 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>userE<gt> E<lt>ngroupsE<gt>\\en\", "
1123 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
1128 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:152
1130 msgid " ngroups = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
1134 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:158
1137 " groups = malloc(ngroups * sizeof (gid_t));\n"
1138 " if (groups == NULL) {\n"
1139 " perror(\"malloc\");\n"
1140 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
1145 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:160
1147 msgid " /* Fetch passwd structure (contains first group ID for user) */\n"
1151 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:166
1154 " pw = getpwnam(argv[1]);\n"
1155 " if (pw == NULL) {\n"
1156 " perror(\"getpwnam\");\n"
1157 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
1162 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:168
1164 msgid " /* Retrieve group list */\n"
1168 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:174
1171 " if (getgrouplist(argv[1], pw-E<gt>pw_gid, groups, &ngroups) == -1) {\n"
1172 " fprintf(stderr, \"getgrouplist() returned -1; ngroups = %d\\en\",\n"
1174 "\texit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
1179 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:176
1181 msgid " /* Display list of retrieved groups, along with group names */\n"
1185 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:185
1188 " fprintf(stderr, \"ngroups = %d\\en\", ngroups);\n"
1189 " for (j = 0; j E<lt> ngroups; j++) {\n"
1190 " printf(\"%d\", groups[j]);\n"
1191 " gr = getgrgid(groups[j]);\n"
1192 " if (gr != NULL)\n"
1193 " printf(\" (%s)\", gr-E<gt>gr_name);\n"
1194 " printf(\"\\en\");\n"
1199 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:188
1202 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
1207 #: build/C/man3/getgrouplist.3:195
1208 msgid "B<getgroups>(2), B<setgroups>(2), B<getgrent>(3), B<group>(5), B<passwd>(5)"
1212 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:32
1218 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:35
1219 msgid "getpw - reconstruct password line entry"
1223 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:40
1226 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
1227 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1228 "B<#include E<lt>pwd.hE<gt>>\n"
1232 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:42
1234 msgid "B<int getpw(uid_t >I<uid>B<, char *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
1238 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:49
1240 "The B<getpw>() function reconstructs the password line entry for the given "
1241 "user ID I<uid> in the buffer I<buf>. The returned buffer contains a line of "
1246 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:52
1247 msgid "B<name:passwd:uid:gid:gecos:dir:shell>"
1251 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:67 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:98 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:102
1255 " char *pw_name; /* username */\n"
1256 " char *pw_passwd; /* user password */\n"
1257 " uid_t pw_uid; /* user ID */\n"
1258 " gid_t pw_gid; /* group ID */\n"
1259 " char *pw_gecos; /* user information */\n"
1260 " char *pw_dir; /* home directory */\n"
1261 " char *pw_shell; /* shell program */\n"
1266 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:72 build/C/man3/getpwent.3:103 build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:84
1267 msgid "For more information about the fields of this structure, see B<passwd>(5)."
1271 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:78
1273 "The B<getpw>() function returns 0 on success; on error, it returns -1, and "
1274 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1278 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:79 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:76
1284 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:83
1285 msgid "I<buf> is NULL."
1289 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:87
1290 msgid "No user corresponding to I<uid>."
1294 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:98
1299 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:105
1301 "The B<getpw>() function is dangerous as it may overflow the provided buffer "
1302 "I<buf>. It is obsoleted by B<getpwuid>(3)."
1306 #: build/C/man3/getpw.3:114
1308 "B<endpwent>(3), B<fgetpwent>(3), B<getpwent>(3), B<getpwnam>(3), "
1309 "B<getpwuid>(3), B<putpwent>(3), B<setpwent>(3), B<passwd>(5)"
1313 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:33
1319 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:36
1320 msgid "getpwent, setpwent, endpwent - get password file entry"
1324 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:40 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:44
1327 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1328 "B<#include E<lt>pwd.hE<gt>>\n"
1332 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:42
1334 msgid "B<struct passwd *getpwent(void);>\n"
1338 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:44
1340 msgid "B<void setpwent(void);>\n"
1344 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:46
1346 msgid "B<void endpwent(void);>\n"
1350 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:57
1351 msgid "B<getpwent>(), B<setpwent>(), B<endpwent>():"
1355 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:60
1357 "_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || "
1358 "_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
1362 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:74
1364 "The B<getpwent>() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the "
1365 "broken-out fields of a record from the password database (e.g., the local "
1366 "password file I</etc/passwd>, NIS, and LDAP). The first time B<getpwent>() "
1367 "is called, it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns successive "
1372 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:79
1374 "The B<setpwent>() function rewinds to the beginning of the password "
1379 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:84
1381 "The B<endpwent>() function is used to close the password database after all "
1382 "processing has been performed."
1386 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:116
1388 "The B<getpwent>() function returns a pointer to a I<passwd> structure, or "
1389 "NULL if there are no more entries or an error occurs. If an error occurs, "
1390 "I<errno> is set appropriately. If one wants to check I<errno> after the "
1391 "call, it should be set to zero before the call."
1395 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:125
1397 "The return value may point to a static area, and may be overwritten by "
1398 "subsequent calls to B<getpwent>(), B<getpwnam>(3), or B<getpwuid>(3). (Do "
1399 "not pass the returned pointer to B<free>(3).)"
1403 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:154 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:217
1404 msgid "local password database file"
1408 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:159 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:222
1410 "SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001. The I<pw_gecos> field is not specified in "
1411 "POSIX, but is present on most implementations."
1415 #: build/C/man3/getpwent.3:167
1417 "B<fgetpwent>(3), B<getpw>(3), B<getpwent_r>(3), B<getpwnam>(3), "
1418 "B<getpwuid>(3), B<putpwent>(3), B<passwd>(5)"
1422 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:24
1428 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:27
1429 msgid "getpwent_r, fgetpwent_r - get passwd file entry reentrantly"
1433 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:30
1435 msgid "B<#include E<lt>pwd.hE<gt>>\n"
1439 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:32
1441 msgid "B<int getpwent_r(struct passwd *>I<pwbuf>B<, char *>I<buf>B<,>\n"
1445 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:34
1447 msgid "B< size_t >I<buflen>B<, struct passwd **>I<pwbufp>B<);>\n"
1451 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:36
1454 "B<int fgetpwent_r(FILE *>I<fp>B<, struct passwd *>I<pwbuf>B<, char "
1459 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:38
1461 msgid "B< size_t >I<buflen>B<, struct passwd **>I<pwbufp>B<);>\n"
1465 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:47
1466 msgid "B<getpwent_r>(), _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE"
1470 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:50
1471 msgid "B<fgetpwent_r>(): _SVID_SOURCE"
1475 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:63
1477 "The functions B<getpwent_r>() and B<fgetpwent_r>() are the reentrant "
1478 "versions of B<getpwent>(3) and B<fgetpwent>(3). The former reads the next "
1479 "passwd entry from the stream initialized by B<setpwent>(3). The latter "
1480 "reads the next passwd entry from the stream I<fp>."
1484 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:79
1488 " char *pw_name; /* username */\n"
1489 " char *pw_passwd; /* user password */\n"
1490 " uid_t pw_uid; /* user ID */\n"
1491 " gid_t pw_gid; /* group ID */\n"
1492 " char *pw_gecos; /* user information */\n"
1493 " char *pw_dir; /* home directory */\n"
1494 " char *pw_shell; /* shell program */\n"
1499 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:103
1501 "The nonreentrant functions return a pointer to static storage, where this "
1502 "static storage contains further pointers to user name, password, gecos "
1503 "field, home directory and shell. The reentrant functions described here "
1504 "return all of that in caller-provided buffers. First of all there is the "
1505 "buffer I<pwbuf> that can hold a I<struct passwd>. And next the buffer "
1506 "I<buf> of size I<buflen> that can hold additional strings. The result of "
1507 "these functions, the I<struct passwd> read from the stream, is stored in the "
1508 "provided buffer I<*pwbuf>, and a pointer to this I<struct passwd> is "
1509 "returned in I<*pwbufp>."
1513 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:110
1515 "On success, these functions return 0 and I<*pwbufp> is a pointer to the "
1516 "I<struct passwd>. On error, these functions return an error value and "
1517 "I<*pwbufp> is NULL."
1521 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:128
1525 "getpwent_r(struct passwd *pwd, char *buf, int buflen);\n"
1529 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:138
1533 "getpwent_r(struct passwd *pwd, char *buf, int buflen,\n"
1538 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:145
1540 "The function B<getpwent_r>() is not really reentrant since it shares the "
1541 "reading position in the stream with all other threads."
1545 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:151
1548 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
1549 "#include E<lt>pwd.hE<gt>\n"
1550 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
1551 "#define BUFLEN 4096\n"
1555 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:158
1561 " struct passwd pw, *pwp;\n"
1562 " char buf[BUFLEN];\n"
1567 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:170
1572 " i = getpwent_r(&pw, buf, BUFLEN, &pwp);\n"
1575 " printf(\"%s (%d)\\etHOME %s\\etSHELL %s\\en\", pwp-E<gt>pw_name,\n"
1576 " pwp-E<gt>pw_uid, pwp-E<gt>pw_dir, pwp-E<gt>pw_shell);\n"
1579 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
1584 #: build/C/man3/getpwent_r.3:188
1586 "B<fgetpwent>(3), B<getpw>(3), B<getpwent>(3), B<getpwnam>(3), "
1587 "B<getpwuid>(3), B<putpwent>(3), B<passwd>(5)"
1591 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:37
1597 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:40
1598 msgid "getpwnam, getpwnam_r, getpwuid, getpwuid_r - get password file entry"
1602 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:46
1604 msgid "B<struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *>I<name>B<);>\n"
1608 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:48
1610 msgid "B<struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t >I<uid>B<);>\n"
1614 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:50
1616 msgid "B<int getpwnam_r(const char *>I<name>B<, struct passwd *>I<pwd>B<,>\n"
1620 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:52 build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:56
1623 "B< char *>I<buf>B<, size_t >I<buflen>B<, struct passwd "
1624 "**>I<result>B<);>\n"
1628 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:54
1630 msgid "B<int getpwuid_r(uid_t >I<uid>B<, struct passwd *>I<pwd>B<,>\n"
1634 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:66
1635 msgid "B<getpwnam_r>(), B<getpwuid_r>():"
1639 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:81
1641 "The B<getpwnam>() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the "
1642 "broken-out fields of the record in the password database (e.g., the local "
1643 "password file I</etc/passwd>, NIS, and LDAP) that matches the username "
1648 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:88
1650 "The B<getpwuid>() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the "
1651 "broken-out fields of the record in the password database that matches the "
1656 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:108
1657 msgid "See B<passwd>(5) for more information about these fields."
1661 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:130
1663 "The B<getpwnam_r>() and B<getpwuid_r>() functions obtain the same "
1664 "information as B<getpwnam>() and B<getpwuid>(), but store the retrieved "
1665 "I<passwd> structure in the space pointed to by I<pwd>. The string fields "
1666 "pointed to by the members of the I<passwd> structure are stored in the "
1667 "buffer I<buf> of size I<buflen>. A pointer to the result (in case of "
1668 "success) or NULL (in case no entry was found or an error occurred) is stored "
1673 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:134
1675 msgid " sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)\n"
1679 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:158
1681 "The B<getpwnam>() and B<getpwuid>() functions return a pointer to a "
1682 "I<passwd> structure, or NULL if the matching entry is not found or an error "
1683 "occurs. If an error occurs, I<errno> is set appropriately. If one wants to "
1684 "check I<errno> after the call, it should be set to zero before the call."
1688 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:167
1690 "The return value may point to a static area, and may be overwritten by "
1691 "subsequent calls to B<getpwent>(3), B<getpwnam>(), or B<getpwuid>(). (Do "
1692 "not pass the returned pointer to B<free>(3).)"
1696 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:181
1698 "On success, B<getpwnam_r>() and B<getpwuid_r>() return zero, and set "
1699 "I<*result> to I<pwd>. If no matching password record was found, these "
1700 "functions return 0 and store NULL in I<*result>. In case of error, an error "
1701 "number is returned, and NULL is stored in I<*result>."
1705 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:189
1706 msgid "The given I<name> or I<uid> was not found."
1710 #. AIX 5.1 - gives ESRCH
1711 #. OSF1 4.0g - gives EWOULDBLOCK
1712 #. libc, glibc up to version 2.6, Irix 6.5 - give ENOENT
1713 #. glibc since version 2.7 - give 0
1714 #. FreeBSD 4.8, OpenBSD 3.2, NetBSD 1.6 - give EPERM
1715 #. SunOS 5.8 - gives EBADF
1716 #. Tru64 5.1b, HP-UX-11i, SunOS 5.7 - give 0
1718 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:243
1720 "The formulation given above under \"RETURN VALUE\" is from POSIX.1-2001. It "
1721 "does not call \"not found\" an error, and hence does not specify what value "
1722 "I<errno> might have in this situation. But that makes it impossible to "
1723 "recognize errors. One might argue that according to POSIX I<errno> should "
1724 "be left unchanged if an entry is not found. Experiments on various "
1725 "UNIX-like systems show that lots of different values occur in this "
1726 "situation: 0, ENOENT, EBADF, ESRCH, EWOULDBLOCK, EPERM and probably others."
1730 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:261
1732 "The I<pw_dir> field contains the name of the initial working directory of "
1733 "the user. Login programs use the value of this field to initialize the "
1734 "B<HOME> environment variable for the login shell. An application that wants "
1735 "to determine its user's home directory should inspect the value of B<HOME> "
1736 "(rather than the value I<getpwuid(getuid())-E<gt>pw_dir>) since this allows "
1737 "the user to modify their notion of \"the home directory\" during a login "
1738 "session. To determine the (initial) home directory of another user, it is "
1739 "necessary to use I<getpwnam(\"username\")-E<gt>pw_dir> or similar."
1743 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:266
1745 "The program below demonstrates the use of B<getpwnam_r>() to find the full "
1746 "username and user ID for the username supplied as a command-line argument."
1750 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:273
1753 "#include E<lt>pwd.hE<gt>\n"
1754 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
1755 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
1756 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
1757 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
1761 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:282
1765 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
1767 " struct passwd pwd;\n"
1768 " struct passwd *result;\n"
1770 " size_t bufsize;\n"
1775 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:287
1778 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
1779 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s username\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
1780 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
1785 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:291
1788 " bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);\n"
1789 " if (bufsize == -1) /* Value was indeterminate */\n"
1790 " bufsize = 16384; /* Should be more than enough */\n"
1794 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:297
1797 " buf = malloc(bufsize);\n"
1798 " if (buf == NULL) {\n"
1799 " perror(\"malloc\");\n"
1800 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
1805 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:308
1808 " s = getpwnam_r(argv[1], &pwd, buf, bufsize, &result);\n"
1809 " if (result == NULL) {\n"
1811 " printf(\"Not found\\en\");\n"
1814 " perror(\"getpwnam_r\");\n"
1816 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
1821 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:312
1824 " printf(\"Name: %s; UID: %ld\\en\", pwd.pw_gecos, (long) pwd.pw_uid);\n"
1825 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
1830 #: build/C/man3/getpwnam.3:323
1832 "B<endpwent>(3), B<fgetpwent>(3), B<getgrnam>(3), B<getpw>(3), "
1833 "B<getpwent>(3), B<getspnam>(3), B<putpwent>(3), B<setpwent>(3), B<passwd>(5)"
1837 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:8
1843 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:8
1849 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:13
1851 "getspnam, getspnam_r, getspent, getspent_r, setspent, endspent, fgetspent, "
1852 "fgetspent_r, sgetspent, sgetspent_r, putspent, lckpwdf, ulckpwdf - get "
1853 "shadow password file entry"
1857 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:16
1859 msgid "/* General shadow password file API */\n"
1863 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:18 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:40
1865 msgid "B<#include E<lt>shadow.hE<gt>>\n"
1869 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:20
1871 msgid "B<struct spwd *getspnam(const char *>I<name>B<);>\n"
1875 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:22
1877 msgid "B<struct spwd *getspent(void);>\n"
1881 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:24
1883 msgid "B<void setspent(void);>\n"
1887 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:26
1889 msgid "B<void endspent(void);>\n"
1893 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:28
1895 msgid "B<struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE *>I<fp>B<);>\n"
1899 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:30
1901 msgid "B<struct spwd *sgetspent(const char *>I<s>B<);>\n"
1905 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:32
1907 msgid "B<int putspent(struct spwd *>I<p>B<, FILE *>I<fp>B<);>\n"
1911 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:34
1913 msgid "B<int lckpwdf(void);>\n"
1917 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:36
1919 msgid "B<int ulckpwdf(void);>\n"
1923 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:38
1925 msgid "/* GNU extension */\n"
1929 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:42
1931 msgid "B<int getspent_r(struct spwd *>I<spbuf>B<,>\n"
1935 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:44 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:48 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:52 build/C/man3/getspnam.3:56
1938 "B< char *>I<buf>B<, size_t >I<buflen>B<, struct spwd "
1939 "**>I<spbufp>B<);>\n"
1943 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:46
1945 msgid "B<int getspnam_r(const char *>I<name>B<, struct spwd *>I<spbuf>B<,>\n"
1949 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:50
1951 msgid "B<int fgetspent_r(FILE *>I<fp>B<, struct spwd *>I<spbuf>B<,>\n"
1955 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:54
1957 msgid "B<int sgetspent_r(const char *>I<s>B<, struct spwd *>I<spbuf>B<,>\n"
1961 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:68
1962 msgid "B<getspent_r>(), B<getspnam_r>(), B<fgetspent_r>(), B<sgetspent_r>():"
1966 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:70
1967 msgid "_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE"
1971 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:84
1973 "Long ago it was considered safe to have encrypted passwords openly visible "
1974 "in the password file. When computers got faster and people got more "
1975 "security-conscious, this was no longer acceptable. Julianne Frances Haugh "
1976 "implemented the shadow password suite that keeps the encrypted passwords in "
1977 "the shadow password database (e.g., the local shadow password file "
1978 "I</etc/shadow>, NIS, and LDAP), readable only by root."
1981 #. FIXME I've commented out the following for the
1982 #. moment. The relationship between PAM and nsswitch.conf needs
1983 #. to be clearly documented in one place, which is pointed to by
1984 #. the pages for the user, group, and shadow password functions.
1987 #. This shadow password setup has been superseded by PAM
1988 #. (pluggable authentication modules), and the file
1989 #. .I /etc/nsswitch.conf
1990 #. now describes the sources to be used.
1992 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:101
1994 "The functions described below resemble those for the traditional password "
1995 "database (e.g., see B<getpwnam>(3) and B<getpwent>(3))."
1999 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:108
2001 "The B<getspnam>() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the "
2002 "broken-out fields of the record in the shadow password database that matches "
2003 "the username I<name>."
2006 #. some systems require a call of setspent() before the first getspent()
2009 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:120
2011 "The B<getspent>() function returns a pointer to the next entry in the "
2012 "shadow password database. The position in the input stream is initialized "
2013 "by B<setspent>(). When done reading, the program may call B<endspent>() so "
2014 "that resources can be deallocated."
2018 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:127
2020 "The B<fgetspent>() function is similar to B<getspent>() but uses the "
2021 "supplied stream instead of the one implicitly opened by B<setspent>()."
2025 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:134
2027 "The B<sgetspent>() function parses the supplied string I<s> into a struct "
2032 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:144
2034 "The B<putspent>() function writes the contents of the supplied struct "
2035 "I<spwd> I<*p> as a text line in the shadow password file format to the "
2036 "stream I<fp>. String entries with value NULL and numerical entries with "
2037 "value -1 are written as an empty string."
2041 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:159
2043 "The B<lckpwdf>() function is intended to protect against multiple "
2044 "simultaneous accesses of the shadow password database. It tries to acquire "
2045 "a lock, and returns 0 on success, or -1 on failure (lock not obtained within "
2046 "15 seconds). The B<ulckpwdf>() function releases the lock again. Note "
2047 "that there is no protection against direct access of the shadow password "
2048 "file. Only programs that use B<lckpwdf>() will notice the lock."
2052 #. SUN doesn't have sgetspent()
2054 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:164
2056 "These were the functions that formed the original shadow API. They are "
2061 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:164
2063 msgid "Reentrant versions"
2067 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:181
2069 "Analogous to the reentrant functions for the password database, glibc also "
2070 "has reentrant functions for the shadow password database. The "
2071 "B<getspnam_r>() function is like B<getspnam>() but stores the retrieved "
2072 "shadow password structure in the space pointed to by I<spbuf>. This shadow "
2073 "password structure contains pointers to strings, and these strings are "
2074 "stored in the buffer I<buf> of size I<buflen>. A pointer to the result (in "
2075 "case of success) or NULL (in case no entry was found or an error occurred) "
2076 "is stored in I<*spbufp>."
2080 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:188
2082 "The functions B<getspent_r>(), B<fgetspent_r>(), and B<sgetspent_r>() are "
2083 "similarly analogous to their nonreentrant counterparts."
2086 #. SUN doesn't have sgetspent_r()
2088 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:192
2090 "Some non-glibc systems also have functions with these names, often with "
2091 "different prototypes."
2095 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:192
2101 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:194
2103 "The shadow password structure is defined in I<E<lt>shadow.hE<gt>> as "
2108 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:214
2112 " char *sp_namp; /* Login name */\n"
2113 " char *sp_pwdp; /* Encrypted password */\n"
2114 " long sp_lstchg; /* Date of last change\n"
2115 " (measured in days since\n"
2116 " 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC)) */\n"
2117 " long sp_min; /* Min # of days between changes */\n"
2118 " long sp_max; /* Max # of days between changes */\n"
2119 " long sp_warn; /* # of days before password expires\n"
2120 " to warn user to change it */\n"
2121 " long sp_inact; /* # of days after password expires\n"
2122 " until account is disabled */\n"
2123 " long sp_expire; /* Date when account expires\n"
2124 " (measured in days since\n"
2125 " 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC)) */\n"
2126 " unsigned long sp_flag; /* Reserved */\n"
2131 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:221
2133 "The functions that return a pointer return NULL if no more entries are "
2134 "available or if an error occurs during processing. The functions which have "
2135 "I<int> as the return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
2139 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:224
2141 "For the nonreentrant functions, the return value may point to static area, "
2142 "and may be overwritten by subsequent calls to these functions."
2146 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:227
2148 "The reentrant functions return zero on success. In case of error, an error "
2149 "number is returned."
2153 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:228
2159 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:231
2160 msgid "The caller does not have permission to access the shadow password file."
2164 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:234
2165 msgid "Supplied buffer is too small."
2169 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:235
2171 msgid "I</etc/shadow>"
2175 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:238
2176 msgid "local shadow password database file"
2180 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:238
2182 msgid "I</etc/.pwd.lock>"
2186 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:241
2191 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:247
2193 "The include file I<E<lt>paths.hE<gt>> defines the constant B<_PATH_SHADOW> "
2194 "to the pathname of the shadow password file."
2198 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:251
2200 "The shadow password database and its associated API are not specified in "
2201 "POSIX.1-2001. However, many other systems provide a similar API."
2205 #: build/C/man3/getspnam.3:256
2206 msgid "B<getgrnam>(3), B<getpwnam>(3), B<getpwnam_r>(3), B<shadow>(5)"
2210 #: build/C/man5/group.5:26
2216 #: build/C/man5/group.5:29
2217 msgid "group - user group file"
2221 #: build/C/man5/group.5:34
2223 "The I</etc/group> file is a text file that defines the groups on the "
2224 "system. There is one entry per line, with the following format:"
2228 #: build/C/man5/group.5:37
2229 msgid "group_name:password:GID:user_list"
2233 #: build/C/man5/group.5:40
2234 msgid "The fields are as follows:"
2238 #: build/C/man5/group.5:40
2240 msgid "I<group_name>"
2244 #: build/C/man5/group.5:43
2245 msgid "the name of the group."
2249 #: build/C/man5/group.5:43 build/C/man5/passwd.5:91
2255 #: build/C/man5/group.5:47
2257 "the (encrypted) group password. If this field is empty, no password is "
2262 #: build/C/man5/group.5:47 build/C/man5/passwd.5:103
2268 #: build/C/man5/group.5:50
2269 msgid "the numeric group ID."
2273 #: build/C/man5/group.5:50
2275 msgid "I<user_list>"
2279 #: build/C/man5/group.5:53
2280 msgid "a list of the usernames that are members of this group, separated by commas."
2284 #: build/C/man5/group.5:55
2289 #: build/C/man5/group.5:61
2291 "As the 4.2BSD B<initgroups>(3) man page says: No-one seems to keep "
2292 "I</etc/group> up-to-date."
2296 #: build/C/man5/group.5:67
2297 msgid "B<login>(1), B<newgrp>(1), B<getgrent>(3), B<getgrnam>(3), B<passwd>(5)"
2301 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:32
2307 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:32 build/C/man3/putpwent.3:30
2313 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:35
2314 msgid "initgroups - initialize the supplementary group access list"
2318 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:41
2320 msgid "B<int initgroups(const char *>I<user>B<, gid_t >I<group>B<);>\n"
2324 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:50
2325 msgid "B<initgroups>(): _BSD_SOURCE"
2329 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:58
2331 "The B<initgroups>() function initializes the group access list by reading "
2332 "the group database I</etc/group> and using all groups of which I<user> is a "
2333 "member. The additional group I<group> is also added to the list."
2337 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:62
2338 msgid "The I<user> argument must be non-NULL."
2342 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:69
2344 "The B<initgroups>() function returns 0 on success. On error, -1 is "
2345 "returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
2349 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:73
2350 msgid "Insufficient memory to allocate group information structure."
2354 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:73
2360 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:78
2362 "The calling process has insufficient privilege. See the underlying system "
2363 "call B<setgroups>(2)."
2367 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:81
2369 msgid "I</etc/group>\t\tgroup database file\n"
2373 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:84
2374 msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
2378 #: build/C/man3/initgroups.3:88
2379 msgid "B<getgroups>(2), B<setgroups>(2), B<credentials>(7)"
2383 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:30
2389 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:30
2395 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:33
2396 msgid "passwd - password file"
2400 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:41
2402 "The I</etc/passwd> file is a text file that describes user login accounts "
2403 "for the system. It should have read permission allowed for all users (many "
2404 "utilities, like B<ls>(1) use it to map user IDs to usernames), but write "
2405 "access only for the superuser."
2409 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:53
2411 "In the good old days there was no great problem with this general read "
2412 "permission. Everybody could read the encrypted passwords, but the hardware "
2413 "was too slow to crack a well-chosen password, and moreover the basic "
2414 "assumption used to be that of a friendly user-community. These days many "
2415 "people run some version of the shadow password suite, where I</etc/passwd> "
2416 "has an \\(aqx\\(aq character in the password field, and the encrypted "
2417 "passwords are in I</etc/shadow>, which is readable by the superuser only."
2421 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:62
2423 "If the encrypted password, whether in I</etc/passwd> or in I</etc/shadow>, "
2424 "is an empty string, login is allowed without even asking for a password. "
2425 "Note that this functionality may be intentionally disabled in applications, "
2426 "or configurable (for example using the \"nullok\" or \"nonull\" arguments to "
2431 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:67
2433 "If the encrypted password in I</etc/passwd> is \"I<*NP*>\" (without the "
2434 "quotes), the shadow record should be obtained from an NIS+ server."
2438 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:73
2440 "Regardless of whether shadow passwords are used, many system administrators "
2441 "use an asterisk (*) in the encrypted password field to make sure that this "
2442 "user can not authenticate him- or herself using a password. (But see NOTES "
2447 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:78
2449 "If you create a new login, first put an asterisk (*) in the password field, "
2450 "then use B<passwd>(1) to set it."
2454 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:81
2456 "Each line of the file describes a single user, and contains seven "
2457 "colon-separated fields:"
2461 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:84
2462 msgid "name:password:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell"
2466 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:87
2467 msgid "The field are as follows:"
2471 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:87
2477 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:91
2478 msgid "This is the user's login name. It should not contain capital letters."
2482 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:98
2484 "This is either the encrypted user password, an asterisk (*), or the letter "
2485 "\\(aqx\\(aq. (See B<pwconv>(8) for an explanation of \\(aqx\\(aq.)"
2489 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:98
2495 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:103
2496 msgid "The privileged I<root> login account (superuser) has the user ID 0."
2500 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:108
2502 "This is the numeric primary group ID for this user. (Additional groups for "
2503 "the user are defined in the system group file; see B<group>(5))."
2507 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:108
2513 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:116
2515 "This field (sometimes called the \"comment field\") is optional and used "
2516 "only for informational purposes. Usually, it contains the full username. "
2517 "Some programs (for example, B<finger>(1)) display information from this "
2522 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:125
2524 "GECOS stands for \"General Electric Comprehensive Operating System\", which "
2525 "was renamed to GCOS when GE's large systems division was sold to Honeywell. "
2526 "Dennis Ritchie has reported: \"Sometimes we sent printer output or batch "
2527 "jobs to the GCOS machine. The gcos field in the password file was a place "
2528 "to stash the information for the $IDENTcard. Not elegant.\""
2532 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:125
2534 msgid "I<directory>"
2538 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:132
2540 "This is the user's home directory: the initial directory where the user is "
2541 "placed after logging in. The value in this field is used to set the B<HOME> "
2542 "environment variable."
2546 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:132
2552 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:142
2554 "This is the program to run at login (if empty, use I</bin/sh>). If set to a "
2555 "nonexistent executable, the user will be unable to login through "
2556 "B<login>(1). The value in this field is used to set the B<SHELL> "
2557 "environment variable."
2561 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:148
2563 "If you want to create user groups, there must be an entry in I</etc/group>, "
2564 "or no group will exist."
2568 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:162
2570 "If the encrypted password is set to an asterisk (*), the user will be unable "
2571 "to login using B<login>(1), but may still login using B<rlogin>(1), run "
2572 "existing processes and initiate new ones through B<rsh>(1), B<cron>(8), "
2573 "B<at>(1), or mail filters, etc. Trying to lock an account by simply "
2574 "changing the shell field yields the same result and additionally allows the "
2579 #: build/C/man5/passwd.5:171
2581 "B<login>(1), B<passwd>(1), B<su>(1), B<getpwent>(3), B<getpwnam>(3), "
2582 "B<crypt>(3), B<group>(5), B<shadow>(5)"
2586 #: build/C/man3/putgrent.3:7
2592 #: build/C/man3/putgrent.3:7 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:9
2598 #: build/C/man3/putgrent.3:10
2599 msgid "putgrent - write a group database entry to a file"
2603 #: build/C/man3/putgrent.3:12
2604 msgid "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
2608 #: build/C/man3/putgrent.3:16
2609 msgid "B<int putgrent(const struct group *>I<grp>B<, FILE *>I<fp>B<);>"
2613 #: build/C/man3/putgrent.3:25
2615 "The B<putgrent>() function is the counterpart for B<fgetgrent>(3). The "
2616 "function writes the content of the provided I<struct group> into the file "
2617 "pointed to by I<fp>. The list of group members must be NULL-terminated or "
2622 #: build/C/man3/putgrent.3:27
2623 msgid "The I<struct group> is defined as follows:"
2627 #: build/C/man3/putgrent.3:36
2631 " char *gr_name; /* group name */\n"
2632 " char *gr_passwd; /* group password */\n"
2633 " gid_t gr_gid; /* group ID */\n"
2634 " char **gr_mem; /* group members */\n"
2639 #: build/C/man3/putgrent.3:40
2640 msgid "The function returns zero on success, and a nonzero value on error."
2644 #: build/C/man3/putgrent.3:42
2645 msgid "This function is a GNU extension."
2649 #: build/C/man3/putgrent.3:46
2650 msgid "B<fgetgrent>(3), B<getgrent>(3), B<group>(5)"
2654 #: build/C/man3/putpwent.3:30
2660 #: build/C/man3/putpwent.3:33
2661 msgid "putpwent - write a password file entry"
2665 #: build/C/man3/putpwent.3:40
2667 msgid "B<int putpwent(const struct passwd *>I<p>B<, FILE *>I<stream>B<);>\n"
2671 #: build/C/man3/putpwent.3:49
2672 msgid "B<putpwent>(): _SVID_SOURCE"
2676 #: build/C/man3/putpwent.3:54
2678 "The B<putpwent>() function writes a password entry from the structure I<p> "
2679 "in the file associated with I<stream>."
2683 #: build/C/man3/putpwent.3:68
2687 " char *pw_name; /* username */\n"
2688 " char *pw_passwd; /* user password */\n"
2689 " uid_t pw_uid; /* user ID */\n"
2690 " gid_t pw_gid; /* group ID */\n"
2691 " char *pw_gecos; /* real name */\n"
2692 " char *pw_dir; /* home directory */\n"
2693 " char *pw_shell; /* shell program */\n"
2698 #: build/C/man3/putpwent.3:75
2699 msgid "The B<putpwent>() function returns 0 on success, or -1 if an error occurs."
2703 #: build/C/man3/putpwent.3:79
2704 msgid "Invalid (NULL) argument given."
2708 #: build/C/man3/putpwent.3:89
2710 "B<endpwent>(3), B<fgetpwent>(3), B<getpw>(3), B<getpwent>(3), "
2711 "B<getpwnam>(3), B<getpwuid>(3), B<setpwent>(3)"
2715 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:9
2721 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:13
2723 "setaliasent, endaliasent, getaliasent, getaliasent_r, getaliasbyname, "
2724 "getaliasbyname_r - read an alias entry"
2728 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:15
2729 msgid "B<#include E<lt>aliases.hE<gt>>"
2733 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:17
2734 msgid "B<void setaliasent(void);>"
2738 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:19
2739 msgid "B<void endaliasent(void);>"
2743 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:21
2744 msgid "B<struct aliasent *getaliasent(void);>"
2748 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:23
2749 msgid "B<int getaliasent_r(struct aliasent *>I<result>B<,>"
2753 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:25 build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:31
2754 msgid "B< char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<buflen>B<, struct aliasent **>I<res>B<);>"
2758 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:27
2759 msgid "B<struct aliasent *getaliasbyname(const char *>I<name>B<);>"
2763 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:29
2765 "B<int getaliasbyname_r(const char *>I<name>B<, struct aliasent "
2770 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:36
2772 "One of the databases available with the Name Service Switch (NSS) is the "
2773 "aliases database, that contains mail aliases. (To find out which databases "
2774 "are supported, try I<getent --help>.) Six functions are provided to access "
2775 "the aliases database."
2779 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:43
2781 "The B<getaliasent>() function returns a pointer to a structure containing "
2782 "the group information from the aliases database. The first time it is "
2783 "called it returns the first entry; thereafter, it returns successive "
2788 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:48
2790 "The B<setaliasent>() function rewinds the file pointer to the beginning of "
2791 "the aliases database."
2795 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:52
2796 msgid "The B<endaliasent>() function closes the aliases database."
2800 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:59
2802 "B<getaliasent_r>() is the reentrant version of the previous function. The "
2803 "requested structure is stored via the first argument but the programmer "
2804 "needs to fill the other arguments also. Not providing enough space causes "
2805 "the function to fail."
2809 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:65
2811 "The function B<getaliasbyname>() takes the name argument and searches the "
2812 "aliases database. The entry is returned as a pointer to a I<struct "
2817 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:72
2819 "B<getaliasbyname_r>() is the reentrant version of the previous function. "
2820 "The requested structure is stored via the second argument but the programmer "
2821 "needs to fill the other arguments also. Not providing enough space causes "
2822 "the function to fail."
2826 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:77
2827 msgid "The I<struct aliasent> is defined in I<E<lt>aliases.hE<gt>>:"
2831 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:86
2834 "struct aliasent {\n"
2835 " char *alias_name; /* alias name */\n"
2836 " size_t alias_members_len;\n"
2837 " char **alias_members; /* alias name list */\n"
2838 " int alias_local;\n"
2843 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:94
2845 "The functions B<getaliasent_r>() and B<getaliasbyname_r>() return a "
2846 "nonzero value on error."
2850 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:100
2852 "The default alias database is the file I</etc/aliases>. This can be changed "
2853 "in the I</etc/nsswitch.conf> file."
2857 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:103
2858 msgid "These routines are glibc-specific. The NeXT system has similar routines:"
2862 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:107
2864 msgid "#include E<lt>aliasdb.hE<gt>\n"
2868 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:112
2871 "void alias_setent(void);\n"
2872 "void alias_endent(void);\n"
2873 "alias_ent *alias_getent(void);\n"
2874 "alias_ent *alias_getbyname(char *name);\n"
2878 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:118
2880 "The following example compiles with I<gcc example.c -o example>. It will "
2881 "dump all names in the alias database."
2885 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:124
2888 "#include E<lt>aliases.hE<gt>\n"
2889 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
2890 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
2891 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
2895 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:143
2901 " struct aliasent *al;\n"
2904 " al = getaliasent();\n"
2905 " if (al == NULL)\n"
2907 " printf(\"Name: %s\\en\", al-E<gt>alias_name);\n"
2910 " perror(\"reading alias\");\n"
2911 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
2914 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
2919 #. /etc/sendmail/aliases
2921 #. newaliases, postalias
2923 #: build/C/man3/setaliasent.3:153
2924 msgid "B<getgrent>(3), B<getpwent>(3), B<getspent>(3), B<aliases>(5)"