1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
9 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
10 "POT-Creation-Date: 2013-09-28 04:06+0900\n"
11 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
12 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
13 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
20 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:25
26 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:25
32 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:25 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:22 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:12 build/C/man3/gsignal.3:27 build/C/man2/kill.2:44 build/C/man2/killpg.2:42 build/C/man2/pause.2:30 build/C/man2/prctl.2:52 build/C/man3/profil.3:28 build/C/man3/psignal.3:30 build/C/man3/raise.3:29 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:33 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:25 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:25 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:26 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:47 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:27 build/C/man7/sigevent.7:26 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:31 build/C/man2/signal.2:36 build/C/man7/signal.7:46 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:20 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:25 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:29 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:29 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:28 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:29 build/C/man3/sigset.3:26 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:31 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:29 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:26 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:26 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:25 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:25 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:31 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:26 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:26 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:26 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:21 build/C/man2/tkill.2:29 build/C/man2/wait.2:49 build/C/man2/wait4.2:33
34 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
38 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:26 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:23 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:13 build/C/man3/gsignal.3:28 build/C/man2/kill.2:45 build/C/man2/killpg.2:43 build/C/man2/pause.2:31 build/C/man2/prctl.2:53 build/C/man3/profil.3:29 build/C/man3/psignal.3:31 build/C/man3/raise.3:30 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:34 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:26 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:26 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:27 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:48 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:28 build/C/man7/sigevent.7:27 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:32 build/C/man2/signal.2:37 build/C/man7/signal.7:47 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:21 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:26 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:30 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:30 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:29 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:30 build/C/man3/sigset.3:27 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:32 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:30 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:27 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:27 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:26 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:26 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:32 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:27 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:27 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:27 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:22 build/C/man2/tkill.2:30 build/C/man2/wait.2:50 build/C/man2/wait4.2:34
44 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:28
45 msgid "bsd_signal - signal handling with BSD semantics"
49 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:28 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:25 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:15 build/C/man3/gsignal.3:30 build/C/man2/kill.2:47 build/C/man2/killpg.2:45 build/C/man2/pause.2:33 build/C/man2/prctl.2:55 build/C/man3/profil.3:31 build/C/man3/psignal.3:33 build/C/man3/raise.3:32 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:36 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:28 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:28 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:29 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:50 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:30 build/C/man7/sigevent.7:29 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:34 build/C/man2/signal.2:39 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:23 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:28 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:32 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:32 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:31 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:32 build/C/man3/sigset.3:29 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:35 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:32 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:29 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:29 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:28 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:28 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:34 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:29 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:29 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:30 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:25 build/C/man2/tkill.2:32 build/C/man2/wait.2:52 build/C/man2/wait4.2:36
55 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:30
56 msgid "B<#define _XOPEN_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
60 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:32 build/C/man2/killpg.2:47 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:32 build/C/man2/signal.2:41 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:34 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:34 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:33 build/C/man3/sigset.3:31 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:37 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:34 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:31 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:32
61 msgid "B<#include E<lt>signal.hE<gt>>"
65 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:34 build/C/man2/signal.2:43 build/C/man3/sigset.3:33 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:34
66 msgid "B<typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int);>"
70 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:36
71 msgid "B<sighandler_t bsd_signal(int >I<signum>B<, sighandler_t >I<handler>B<);>"
75 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:36 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:29 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:24 build/C/man3/gsignal.3:49 build/C/man2/kill.2:65 build/C/man2/killpg.2:60 build/C/man2/pause.2:37 build/C/man2/prctl.2:62 build/C/man3/profil.3:46 build/C/man3/psignal.3:56 build/C/man3/raise.3:38 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:41 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:38 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:34 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:36 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:70 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:51 build/C/man7/sigevent.7:52 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:55 build/C/man2/signal.2:45 build/C/man7/signal.7:49 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:27 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:36 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:46 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:47 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:43 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:34 build/C/man3/sigset.3:58 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:63 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:46 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:49 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:45 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:46 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:36 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:52 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:45 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:45 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:50 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:37 build/C/man2/tkill.2:41 build/C/man2/wait.2:83 build/C/man2/wait4.2:67
81 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:41
83 "The B<bsd_signal>() function takes the same arguments, and performs the "
84 "same task, as B<signal>(2)."
88 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:54
90 "The difference between the two is that B<bsd_signal>() is guaranteed to "
91 "provide reliable signal semantics, that is: a) the disposition of the signal "
92 "is not reset to the default when the handler is invoked; b) delivery of "
93 "further instances of the signal is blocked while the signal handler is "
94 "executing; and c) if the handler interrupts a blocking system call, then the "
95 "system call is automatically restarted. A portable application cannot rely "
96 "on B<signal>(2) to provide these guarantees."
100 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:54 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:222 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:122 build/C/man2/kill.2:100 build/C/man2/killpg.2:89 build/C/man2/pause.2:42 build/C/man2/prctl.2:775 build/C/man3/profil.3:68 build/C/man3/psignal.3:89 build/C/man3/raise.3:61 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:84 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:129 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:54 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:59 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:660 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:133 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:73 build/C/man2/signal.2:97 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:251 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:48 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:53 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:93 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:83 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:53 build/C/man3/sigset.3:129 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:107 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:70 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:199 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:69 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:105 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:51 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:167 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:53 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:82 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:173 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:287 build/C/man2/tkill.2:95 build/C/man2/wait.2:355 build/C/man2/wait4.2:132
106 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:60
108 "The B<bsd_signal>() function returns the previous value of the signal "
109 "handler, or B<SIG_ERR> on error."
113 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:60 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:229 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:127 build/C/man2/kill.2:105 build/C/man2/killpg.2:94 build/C/man2/pause.2:53 build/C/man2/prctl.2:793 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:88 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:134 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:65 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:64 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:665 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:137 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:83 build/C/man2/signal.2:105 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:265 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:59 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:99 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:91 build/C/man3/sigset.3:154 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:126 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:76 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:216 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:74 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:114 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:57 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:175 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:60 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:90 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:182 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:302 build/C/man2/tkill.2:99 build/C/man2/wait.2:384 build/C/man2/wait4.2:135
119 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:63 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:60
120 msgid "As for B<signal>(2)."
124 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:63 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:266 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:148 build/C/man3/gsignal.3:95 build/C/man2/kill.2:121 build/C/man2/killpg.2:111 build/C/man2/pause.2:57 build/C/man2/prctl.2:965 build/C/man3/profil.3:70 build/C/man3/psignal.3:99 build/C/man3/raise.3:64 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:96 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:176 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:81 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:66 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:677 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:156 build/C/man7/sigevent.7:130 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:87 build/C/man2/signal.2:110 build/C/man7/signal.7:838 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:307 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:56 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:64 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:112 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:114 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:60 build/C/man3/sigset.3:173 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:131 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:84 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:221 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:80 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:133 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:60 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:193 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:67 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:97 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:207 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:371 build/C/man2/tkill.2:116 build/C/man2/wait.2:422 build/C/man2/wait4.2:138
126 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
130 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:70
132 "4.2BSD, POSIX.1-2001. POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of "
133 "B<bsd_signal>(), recommending the use of B<sigaction>(2) instead."
137 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:70 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:271 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:158 build/C/man2/kill.2:123 build/C/man2/killpg.2:115 build/C/man3/raise.3:66 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:98 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:178 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:84 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:68 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:680 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:158 build/C/man2/signal.2:112 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:312 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:60 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:66 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:114 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:116 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:64 build/C/man3/sigset.3:190 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:133 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:86 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:227 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:82 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:135 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:62 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:195 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:99 build/C/man2/tkill.2:122 build/C/man2/wait.2:424 build/C/man2/wait4.2:147
143 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:76
144 msgid "Use of B<bsd_signal>() should be avoided; use B<sigaction>(2) instead."
148 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:87
150 "On modern Linux systems, B<bsd_signal>() and B<signal>(2) are equivalent. "
151 "But on older systems, B<signal>(2) provided unreliable signal semantics; "
152 "see B<signal>(2) for details."
156 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:94 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:87
158 "The use of I<sighandler_t> is a GNU extension; this type is defined only if "
159 "the B<_GNU_SOURCE> feature test macro is defined."
163 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:94 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:417 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:239 build/C/man3/gsignal.3:103 build/C/man2/kill.2:171 build/C/man2/killpg.2:134 build/C/man2/pause.2:59 build/C/man2/prctl.2:979 build/C/man3/profil.3:81 build/C/man3/psignal.3:113 build/C/man3/raise.3:77 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:123 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:188 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:88 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:80 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:793 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:232 build/C/man7/sigevent.7:132 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:96 build/C/man2/signal.2:278 build/C/man7/signal.7:850 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:433 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:98 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:87 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:144 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:149 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:74 build/C/man3/sigset.3:266 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:171 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:108 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:252 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:89 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:187 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:87 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:399 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:69 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:131 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:212 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:541 build/C/man2/tkill.2:131 build/C/man2/wait.2:633 build/C/man2/wait4.2:165
169 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:99
170 msgid "B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<sysv_signal>(3), B<signal>(7)"
174 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:99 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:428 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:246 build/C/man3/gsignal.3:107 build/C/man2/kill.2:181 build/C/man2/killpg.2:140 build/C/man2/pause.2:64 build/C/man2/prctl.2:982 build/C/man3/profil.3:86 build/C/man3/psignal.3:118 build/C/man3/raise.3:84 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:131 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:196 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:91 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:83 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:813 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:239 build/C/man7/sigevent.7:142 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:98 build/C/man2/signal.2:297 build/C/man7/signal.7:884 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:446 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:106 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:95 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:155 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:157 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:80 build/C/man3/sigset.3:276 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:176 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:118 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:262 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:97 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:199 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:92 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:414 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:75 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:141 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:216 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:553 build/C/man2/tkill.2:136 build/C/man2/wait.2:645 build/C/man2/wait4.2:172
180 #: build/C/man3/bsd_signal.3:106 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:435 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:253 build/C/man3/gsignal.3:114 build/C/man2/kill.2:188 build/C/man2/killpg.2:147 build/C/man2/pause.2:71 build/C/man2/prctl.2:989 build/C/man3/profil.3:93 build/C/man3/psignal.3:125 build/C/man3/raise.3:91 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:138 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:203 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:98 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:90 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:820 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:246 build/C/man7/sigevent.7:149 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:105 build/C/man2/signal.2:304 build/C/man7/signal.7:891 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:453 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:113 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:102 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:162 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:164 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:87 build/C/man3/sigset.3:283 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:183 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:125 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:269 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:104 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:206 build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:99 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:421 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:82 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:148 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:223 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:560 build/C/man2/tkill.2:143 build/C/man2/wait.2:652 build/C/man2/wait4.2:179
182 "This page is part of release 3.54 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
183 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
184 "found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
188 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:22
194 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:22
200 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:22 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:12 build/C/man2/kill.2:44 build/C/man2/killpg.2:42 build/C/man2/pause.2:30 build/C/man2/prctl.2:52 build/C/man3/profil.3:28 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:33 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:25 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:26 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:47 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:27 build/C/man2/signal.2:36 build/C/man7/signal.7:46 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:20 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:25 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:29 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:29 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:28 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:29 build/C/man3/sigset.3:26 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:31 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:29 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:26 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:26 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:25 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:31 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:26 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:26 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:26 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:21 build/C/man2/tkill.2:29 build/C/man2/wait.2:49 build/C/man2/wait4.2:33
206 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:25
207 msgid "eventfd - create a file descriptor for event notification"
211 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:27
212 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/eventfd.hE<gt>>"
216 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:29
217 msgid "B<int eventfd(unsigned int >I<initval>B<, int >I<flags>B<);>"
221 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:39
223 "B<eventfd>() creates an \"eventfd object\" that can be used as an event "
224 "wait/notify mechanism by user-space applications, and by the kernel to "
225 "notify user-space applications of events. The object contains an unsigned "
226 "64-bit integer (I<uint64_t>) counter that is maintained by the kernel. "
227 "This counter is initialized with the value specified in the argument "
232 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:44
234 "The following values may be bitwise ORed in I<flags> to change the behaviour "
239 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:44
241 msgid "B<EFD_CLOEXEC> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
245 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:54 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:95 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:103
247 "Set the close-on-exec (B<FD_CLOEXEC>) flag on the new file descriptor. See "
248 "the description of the B<O_CLOEXEC> flag in B<open>(2) for reasons why this "
253 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:54
255 msgid "B<EFD_NONBLOCK> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
259 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:62 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:85 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:93
261 "Set the B<O_NONBLOCK> file status flag on the new open file description. "
262 "Using this flag saves extra calls to B<fcntl>(2) to achieve the same "
267 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:62
269 msgid "B<EFD_SEMAPHORE> (since Linux 2.6.30)"
273 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:66
275 "Provide semaphore-like semantics for reads from the new file descriptor. "
280 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:70 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:99
282 "In Linux up to version 2.6.26, the I<flags> argument is unused, and must be "
287 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:76
289 "As its return value, B<eventfd>() returns a new file descriptor that can be "
290 "used to refer to the eventfd object. The following operations can be "
291 "performed on the file descriptor:"
295 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:76 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:102 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:211
301 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:86
303 "Each successful B<read>(2) returns an 8-byte integer. A B<read>(2) will "
304 "fail with the error B<EINVAL> if the size of the supplied buffer is less "
309 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:91
311 "The value returned by B<read>(2) is in host byte order, i.e., the native "
312 "byte order for integers on the host machine."
316 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:98
318 "The semantics of B<read>(2) depend on whether the eventfd counter currently "
319 "has a nonzero value and whether the B<EFD_SEMAPHORE> flag was specified when "
320 "creating the eventfd file descriptor:"
324 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:99 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:106 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:113 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:158 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:168 build/C/man2/eventfd.2:178 build/C/man2/prctl.2:836 build/C/man2/prctl.2:841 build/C/man2/prctl.2:846 build/C/man2/prctl.2:856 build/C/man3/psignal.3:105 build/C/man3/psignal.3:109 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:298 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:313 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:329 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:344 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:391 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:427 build/C/man2/signal.2:68 build/C/man2/signal.2:73 build/C/man2/signal.2:80 build/C/man2/signal.2:224 build/C/man2/signal.2:228 build/C/man2/signal.2:267 build/C/man7/signal.7:149 build/C/man7/signal.7:157 build/C/man7/signal.7:615 build/C/man7/signal.7:617 build/C/man7/signal.7:638 build/C/man7/signal.7:653 build/C/man7/signal.7:657 build/C/man7/signal.7:664 build/C/man7/signal.7:680 build/C/man7/signal.7:686 build/C/man7/signal.7:693 build/C/man7/signal.7:698 build/C/man7/signal.7:717 build/C/man7/signal.7:736 build/C/man7/signal.7:743 build/C/man7/signal.7:752 build/C/man7/signal.7:760 build/C/man7/signal.7:766 build/C/man7/signal.7:771 build/C/man7/signal.7:791 build/C/man7/signal.7:810 build/C/man7/signal.7:813 build/C/man7/signal.7:816 build/C/man7/signal.7:819 build/C/man7/signal.7:824 build/C/man7/signal.7:830 build/C/man7/signal.7:834 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:62 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:67 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:216 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:219 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:222 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:226 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:229 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:235 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:239
330 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:106
332 "If B<EFD_SEMAPHORE> was not specified and the eventfd counter has a nonzero "
333 "value, then a B<read>(2) returns 8 bytes containing that value, and the "
334 "counter's value is reset to zero."
338 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:113
340 "If B<EFD_SEMAPHORE> was specified and the eventfd counter has a nonzero "
341 "value, then a B<read>(2) returns 8 bytes containing the value 1, and the "
342 "counter's value is decremented by 1."
346 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:123
348 "If the eventfd counter is zero at the time of the call to B<read>(2), then "
349 "the call either blocks until the counter becomes nonzero (at which time, the "
350 "B<read>(2) proceeds as described above) or fails with the error B<EAGAIN> "
351 "if the file descriptor has been made nonblocking."
355 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:124
361 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:141
363 "A B<write>(2) call adds the 8-byte integer value supplied in its buffer to "
364 "the counter. The maximum value that may be stored in the counter is the "
365 "largest unsigned 64-bit value minus 1 (i.e., 0xfffffffffffffffe). If the "
366 "addition would cause the counter's value to exceed the maximum, then the "
367 "B<write>(2) either blocks until a B<read>(2) is performed on the file "
368 "descriptor, or fails with the error B<EAGAIN> if the file descriptor has "
369 "been made nonblocking."
373 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:148
375 "A B<write>(2) will fail with the error B<EINVAL> if the size of the "
376 "supplied buffer is less than 8 bytes, or if an attempt is made to write the "
377 "value 0xffffffffffffffff."
381 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:148 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:140 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:244
383 msgid "B<poll>(2), B<select>(2) (and similar)"
387 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:157
389 "The returned file descriptor supports B<poll>(2) (and analogously "
390 "B<epoll>(7)) and B<select>(2), as follows:"
394 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:168
396 "The file descriptor is readable (the B<select>(2) I<readfds> argument; the "
397 "B<poll>(2) B<POLLIN> flag) if the counter has a value greater than 0."
401 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:178
403 "The file descriptor is writable (the B<select>(2) I<writefds> argument; the "
404 "B<poll>(2) B<POLLOUT> flag) if it is possible to write a value of at least "
405 "\"1\" without blocking."
409 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:198
411 "If an overflow of the counter value was detected, then B<select>(2) "
412 "indicates the file descriptor as being both readable and writable, and "
413 "B<poll>(2) returns a B<POLLERR> event. As noted above, B<write>(2) can "
414 "never overflow the counter. However an overflow can occur if 2^64 eventfd "
415 "\"signal posts\" were performed by the KAIO subsystem (theoretically "
416 "possible, but practically unlikely). If an overflow has occurred, then "
417 "B<read>(2) will return that maximum I<uint64_t> value (i.e., "
418 "0xffffffffffffffff)."
422 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:205
424 "The eventfd file descriptor also supports the other file-descriptor "
425 "multiplexing APIs: B<pselect>(2) and B<ppoll>(2)."
429 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:205 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:160 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:262
435 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:210
437 "When the file descriptor is no longer required it should be closed. When "
438 "all file descriptors associated with the same eventfd object have been "
439 "closed, the resources for object are freed by the kernel."
443 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:222
445 "A copy of the file descriptor created by B<eventfd>() is inherited by the "
446 "child produced by B<fork>(2). The duplicate file descriptor is associated "
447 "with the same eventfd object. File descriptors created by B<eventfd>() are "
448 "preserved across B<execve>(2), unless the close-on-exec flag has been set."
452 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:229
454 "On success, B<eventfd>() returns a new eventfd file descriptor. On error, "
455 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
459 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:230 build/C/man2/getitimer.2:135 build/C/man2/kill.2:106 build/C/man2/killpg.2:95 build/C/man2/prctl.2:798 build/C/man2/prctl.2:803 build/C/man2/prctl.2:815 build/C/man2/prctl.2:820 build/C/man2/prctl.2:829 build/C/man2/prctl.2:869 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:141 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:66 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:670 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:142 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:84 build/C/man2/signal.2:106 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:271 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:279 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:107 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:98 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:127 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:75 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:129 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:179 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:61 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:91 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:191 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:199 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:305 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:313 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:349 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:356 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:362 build/C/man2/tkill.2:100 build/C/man2/wait.2:417
465 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:234
466 msgid "An unsupported value was specified in I<flags>."
470 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:234 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:286 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:320
476 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:237
477 msgid "The per-process limit on open file descriptors has been reached."
481 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:237 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:289 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:323
487 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:241 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:293 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:327
488 msgid "The system-wide limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
492 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:241 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:293 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:327
498 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:249 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:296 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:330
499 msgid "Could not mount (internal) anonymous inode device."
503 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:249 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:73 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:147 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:296 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:187 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:330
509 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:253
510 msgid "There was insufficient memory to create a new eventfd file descriptor."
514 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:253 build/C/man2/prctl.2:960 build/C/man3/psignal.3:95 build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:92 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:169 build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:79 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:299 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:112 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:191 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:65 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:95 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:205 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:368 build/C/man2/tkill.2:111
519 #. eventfd() is in glibc 2.7, but reportedly does not build
521 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:266
523 "B<eventfd>() is available on Linux since kernel 2.6.22. Working support is "
524 "provided in glibc since version 2.8. The B<eventfd2>() system call (see "
525 "NOTES) is available on Linux since kernel 2.6.27. Since version 2.9, the "
526 "glibc B<eventfd>() wrapper will employ the B<eventfd2>() system call, if "
527 "it is supported by the kernel."
531 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:271
532 msgid "B<eventfd>() and B<eventfd2>() are Linux-specific."
536 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:279
538 "Applications can use an eventfd file descriptor instead of a pipe (see "
539 "B<pipe>(2)) in all cases where a pipe is used simply to signal events. The "
540 "kernel overhead of an eventfd file descriptor is much lower than that of a "
541 "pipe, and only one file descriptor is required (versus the two required for "
545 #. or eventually syslets/threadlets
547 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:285
549 "When used in the kernel, an eventfd file descriptor can provide a bridge "
550 "from kernel to user space, allowing, for example, functionalities like KAIO "
551 "(kernel AIO) to signal to a file descriptor that some operation is "
556 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:302
558 "A key point about an eventfd file descriptor is that it can be monitored "
559 "just like any other file descriptor using B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), or "
560 "B<epoll>(7). This means that an application can simultaneously monitor the "
561 "readiness of \"traditional\" files and the readiness of other kernel "
562 "mechanisms that support the eventfd interface. (Without the B<eventfd>() "
563 "interface, these mechanisms could not be multiplexed via B<select>(2), "
564 "B<poll>(2), or B<epoll>(7).)"
568 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:302 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:336
570 msgid "Underlying Linux system calls"
574 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:316
576 "There are two underlying Linux system calls: B<eventfd>() and the more "
577 "recent B<eventfd2>(). The former system call does not implement a I<flags> "
578 "argument. The latter system call implements the I<flags> values described "
579 "above. The glibc wrapper function will use B<eventfd2>() where it is "
584 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:316
586 msgid "Additional glibc features"
590 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:320
592 "The GNU C library defines an additional type, and two functions that attempt "
593 "to abstract some of the details of reading and writing on an eventfd file "
598 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:324
600 msgid "typedef uint64_t eventfd_t;\n"
604 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:327
607 "int eventfd_read(int fd, eventfd_t *value);\n"
608 "int eventfd_write(int fd, eventfd_t value);\n"
612 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:334
614 "The functions perform the read and write operations on an eventfd file "
615 "descriptor, returning 0 if the correct number of bytes was transferred, or "
620 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:334 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:790 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:215 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:360 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:86 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:253 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:128 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:209 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:379 build/C/man2/wait.2:550
626 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:343
628 "The following program creates an eventfd file descriptor and then forks to "
629 "create a child process. While the parent briefly sleeps, the child writes "
630 "each of the integers supplied in the program's command-line arguments to the "
631 "eventfd file descriptor. When the parent has finished sleeping, it reads "
632 "from the eventfd file descriptor."
636 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:345
637 msgid "The following shell session shows a sample run of the program:"
641 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:357
644 "$B< ./a.out 1 2 4 7 14>\n"
645 "Child writing 1 to efd\n"
646 "Child writing 2 to efd\n"
647 "Child writing 4 to efd\n"
648 "Child writing 7 to efd\n"
649 "Child writing 14 to efd\n"
650 "Child completed write loop\n"
651 "Parent about to read\n"
652 "Parent read 28 (0x1c) from efd\n"
656 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:359 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:383 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:284 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:407 build/C/man2/wait.2:585
658 msgid "Program source"
662 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:367
665 "#include E<lt>sys/eventfd.hE<gt>\n"
666 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
667 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
668 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
669 "#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt> /* Definition of uint64_t */\n"
673 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:370 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:394
676 "#define handle_error(msg) \\e\n"
677 " do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)\n"
681 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:377
685 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
693 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:382
696 " if (argc E<lt> 2) {\n"
697 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>numE<gt>...\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
698 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
703 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:386
706 " efd = eventfd(0, 0);\n"
708 " handle_error(\"eventfd\");\n"
712 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:398
715 " switch (fork()) {\n"
717 " for (j = 1; j E<lt> argc; j++) {\n"
718 " printf(\"Child writing %s to efd\\en\", argv[j]);\n"
719 " u = strtoull(argv[j], NULL, 0);\n"
720 " /* strtoull() allows various bases */\n"
721 " s = write(efd, &u, sizeof(uint64_t));\n"
722 " if (s != sizeof(uint64_t))\n"
723 " handle_error(\"write\");\n"
725 " printf(\"Child completed write loop\\en\");\n"
729 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:400
731 msgid " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
735 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:403
743 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:411
746 " printf(\"Parent about to read\\en\");\n"
747 " s = read(efd, &u, sizeof(uint64_t));\n"
748 " if (s != sizeof(uint64_t))\n"
749 " handle_error(\"read\");\n"
750 " printf(\"Parent read %llu (0x%llx) from efd\\en\",\n"
751 " (unsigned long long) u, (unsigned long long) u);\n"
752 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
756 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:416
760 " handle_error(\"fork\");\n"
766 #: build/C/man2/eventfd.2:428
768 "B<futex>(2), B<pipe>(2), B<poll>(2), B<read>(2), B<select>(2), "
769 "B<signalfd>(2), B<timerfd_create>(2), B<write>(2), B<epoll>(7), "
774 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:12
780 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:12
786 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:15
787 msgid "getitimer, setitimer - get or set value of an interval timer"
791 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:18
793 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
797 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:20
799 msgid "B<int getitimer(int >I<which>B<, struct itimerval *>I<curr_value>B<);>\n"
803 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:23
806 "B<int setitimer(int >I<which>B<, const struct itimerval *>I<new_value>B<,>\n"
807 "B< struct itimerval *>I<old_value>B<);>\n"
811 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:29
813 "The system provides each process with three interval timers, each "
814 "decrementing in a distinct time domain. When any timer expires, a signal is "
815 "sent to the process, and the timer (potentially) restarts."
819 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:29
821 msgid "B<ITIMER_REAL>"
825 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:34
826 msgid "decrements in real time, and delivers B<SIGALRM> upon expiration."
830 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:34
832 msgid "B<ITIMER_VIRTUAL>"
836 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:39
838 "decrements only when the process is executing, and delivers B<SIGVTALRM> "
843 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:39
845 msgid "B<ITIMER_PROF>"
849 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:49
851 "decrements both when the process executes and when the system is executing "
852 "on behalf of the process. Coupled with B<ITIMER_VIRTUAL>, this timer is "
853 "usually used to profile the time spent by the application in user and kernel "
854 "space. B<SIGPROF> is delivered upon expiration."
858 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:51
859 msgid "Timer values are defined by the following structures:"
863 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:59
866 "struct itimerval {\n"
867 " struct timeval it_interval; /* next value */\n"
868 " struct timeval it_value; /* current value */\n"
873 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:64
877 " time_t tv_sec; /* seconds */\n"
878 " suseconds_t tv_usec; /* microseconds */\n"
883 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:86
885 "The function B<getitimer>() fills the structure pointed to by I<curr_value> "
886 "with the current setting for the timer specified by I<which> (one of "
887 "B<ITIMER_REAL>, B<ITIMER_VIRTUAL>, or B<ITIMER_PROF>). The element "
888 "I<it_value> is set to the amount of time remaining on the timer, or zero if "
889 "the timer is disabled. Similarly, I<it_interval> is set to the reset value."
893 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:94
895 "The function B<setitimer>() sets the specified timer to the value in "
896 "I<new_value>. If I<old_value> is non-NULL, the old value of the timer is "
901 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:104
903 "Timers decrement from I<it_value> to zero, generate a signal, and reset to "
904 "I<it_interval>. A timer which is set to zero (I<it_value> is zero or the "
905 "timer expires and I<it_interval> is zero) stops."
909 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:110
911 "Both I<tv_sec> and I<tv_usec> are significant in determining the duration of "
916 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:122
918 "Timers will never expire before the requested time, but may expire some "
919 "(short) time afterward, which depends on the system timer resolution and on "
920 "the system load; see B<time>(7). (But see BUGS below.) Upon expiration, a "
921 "signal will be generated and the timer reset. If the timer expires while "
922 "the process is active (always true for B<ITIMER_VIRTUAL>) the signal will "
923 "be delivered immediately when generated. Otherwise the delivery will be "
924 "offset by a small time dependent on the system loading."
928 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:127 build/C/man2/killpg.2:94 build/C/man2/tkill.2:99
930 "On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
935 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:128 build/C/man2/prctl.2:794 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:666 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:138 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:60 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:100 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:77 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:184 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:342
941 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:135 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:349
942 msgid "I<new_value>, I<old_value>, or I<curr_value> is not valid a pointer."
946 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:148
948 "I<which> is not one of B<ITIMER_REAL>, B<ITIMER_VIRTUAL>, or B<ITIMER_PROF>; "
949 "or (since Linux 2.6.22) one of the I<tv_usec> fields in the structure "
950 "pointed to by I<new_value> contains a value outside the range 0 to 999999."
954 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:158
956 "POSIX.1-2001, SVr4, 4.4BSD (this call first appeared in 4.2BSD). "
957 "POSIX.1-2008 marks B<getitimer>() and B<setitimer>() obsolete, "
958 "recommending the use of the POSIX timers API (B<timer_gettime>(2), "
959 "B<timer_settime>(2), etc.) instead."
963 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:164
965 "A child created via B<fork>(2) does not inherit its parent's interval "
966 "timers. Interval timers are preserved across an B<execve>(2)."
970 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:174
972 "POSIX.1 leaves the interaction between B<setitimer>() and the three "
973 "interfaces B<alarm>(2), B<sleep>(3), and B<usleep>(3) unspecified."
977 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:176
978 msgid "The standards are silent on the meaning of the call:"
982 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:178
984 msgid " setitimer(which, NULL, &old_value);\n"
988 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:181
990 "Many systems (Solaris, the BSDs, and perhaps others) treat this as "
995 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:183
997 msgid " getitimer(which, &old_value);\n"
1001 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:189
1003 "In Linux, this is treated as being equivalent to a call in which the "
1004 "I<new_value> fields are zero; that is, the timer is disabled. I<Don't use "
1005 "this Linux misfeature>: it is nonportable and unnecessary."
1009 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:189 build/C/man2/kill.2:161 build/C/man3/profil.3:72 build/C/man3/psignal.3:101 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:781 build/C/man2/signalfd.2:352 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:81 build/C/man3/sigset.3:232 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:115 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:373 build/C/man2/wait.2:535
1015 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:198
1017 "The generation and delivery of a signal are distinct, and only one instance "
1018 "of each of the signals listed above may be pending for a process. Under "
1019 "very heavy loading, an B<ITIMER_REAL> timer may expire before the signal "
1020 "from a previous expiration has been delivered. The second signal in such an "
1021 "event will be lost."
1025 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:213
1027 "On Linux kernels before 2.6.16, timer values are represented in jiffies. If "
1028 "a request is made set a timer with a value whose jiffies representation "
1029 "exceeds B<MAX_SEC_IN_JIFFIES> (defined in I<include/linux/jiffies.h>), then "
1030 "the timer is silently truncated to this ceiling value. On Linux/i386 "
1031 "(where, since Linux 2.6.13, the default jiffy is 0.004 seconds), this means "
1032 "that the ceiling value for a timer is approximately 99.42 days. Since Linux "
1033 "2.6.16, the kernel uses a different internal representation for times, and "
1034 "this ceiling is removed."
1037 #. 4 Jul 2005: It looks like this bug may remain in 2.4.x.
1038 #. http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/7/1/165
1040 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:220
1042 "On certain systems (including i386), Linux kernels before version 2.6.12 "
1043 "have a bug which will produce premature timer expirations of up to one jiffy "
1044 "under some circumstances. This bug is fixed in kernel 2.6.12."
1047 #. Bugzilla report 25 Apr 2006:
1048 #. http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6443
1049 #. "setitimer() should reject noncanonical arguments"
1051 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:239
1053 "POSIX.1-2001 says that B<setitimer>() should fail if a I<tv_usec> value is "
1054 "specified that is outside of the range 0 to 999999. However, in kernels up "
1055 "to and including 2.6.21, Linux does not give an error, but instead silently "
1056 "adjusts the corresponding seconds value for the timer. From kernel 2.6.22 "
1057 "onward, this nonconformance has been repaired: an improper I<tv_usec> value "
1058 "results in an B<EINVAL> error."
1062 #: build/C/man2/getitimer.2:246
1064 "B<gettimeofday>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<timer_create>(2), "
1065 "B<timerfd_create>(2), B<time>(7)"
1069 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:27
1075 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:27 build/C/man3/profil.3:28
1081 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:30
1082 msgid "gsignal, ssignal - software signal facility"
1086 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:33 build/C/man2/kill.2:52 build/C/man3/psignal.3:36 build/C/man3/raise.3:35 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:53 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:37 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:31 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:32 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:31
1088 msgid "B<#include E<lt>signal.hE<gt>>\n"
1092 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:35
1094 msgid "B<typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int);>\n"
1098 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:37
1100 msgid "B<int gsignal(int >I<signum>B<);>\n"
1104 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:39
1106 msgid "B<sighandler_t ssignal(int >I<signum>B<, sighandler_t >I<action>B<);>\n"
1110 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:44 build/C/man2/kill.2:59 build/C/man2/killpg.2:53 build/C/man3/profil.3:42 build/C/man3/psignal.3:46 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:61 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:38 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:44 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:40 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:41 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:39 build/C/man3/sigset.3:45 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:51 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:40 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:45 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:39 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:41 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:48 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:41 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:41 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:45 build/C/man2/wait.2:69 build/C/man2/wait4.2:53
1111 msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
1115 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:49
1116 msgid "B<gsignal>(), B<ssignal>(): _SVID_SOURCE"
1120 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:57
1122 "Don't use these functions under Linux. Due to a historical mistake, under "
1123 "Linux these functions are aliases for B<raise>(3) and B<signal>(2), "
1128 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:95
1130 "Elsewhere, on System V-like systems, these functions implement software "
1131 "signaling, entirely independent of the classical B<signal>(2) and "
1132 "B<kill>(2) functions. The function B<ssignal>() defines the action to "
1133 "take when the software signal with number I<signum> is raised using the "
1134 "function B<gsignal>(), and returns the previous such action or B<SIG_DFL>. "
1135 "The function B<gsignal>() does the following: if no action (or the action "
1136 "B<SIG_DFL>) was specified for I<signum>, then it does nothing and returns "
1137 "0. If the action B<SIG_IGN> was specified for I<signum>, then it does "
1138 "nothing and returns 1. Otherwise, it resets the action to B<SIG_DFL> and "
1139 "calls the action function with argument I<signum>, and returns the value "
1140 "returned by that function. The range of possible values I<signum> varies "
1141 "(often 1-15 or 1-17)."
1145 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:103
1147 "These functions are available under AIX, DG/UX, HP-UX, SCO, Solaris, Tru64. "
1148 "They are called obsolete under most of these systems, and are broken under "
1149 "Linux libc and glibc. Some systems also have B<gsignal_r>() and "
1154 #: build/C/man3/gsignal.3:107
1155 msgid "B<kill>(2), B<signal>(2), B<raise>(3)"
1159 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:44
1165 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:44
1171 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:47
1172 msgid "kill - send signal to a process"
1176 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:50
1178 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1182 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:54
1184 msgid "B<int kill(pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<sig>B<);>\n"
1188 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:64
1189 msgid "B<kill>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE"
1193 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:70
1195 "The B<kill>() system call can be used to send any signal to any process "
1200 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:73
1202 "If I<pid> is positive, then signal I<sig> is sent to the process with the ID "
1203 "specified by I<pid>."
1207 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:76
1209 "If I<pid> equals 0, then I<sig> is sent to every process in the process "
1210 "group of the calling process."
1214 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:80
1216 "If I<pid> equals -1, then I<sig> is sent to every process for which the "
1217 "calling process has permission to send signals, except for process 1 "
1218 "(I<init>), but see below."
1222 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:83
1224 "If I<pid> is less than -1, then I<sig> is sent to every process in the "
1225 "process group whose ID is I<-pid>."
1229 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:88
1231 "If I<sig> is 0, then no signal is sent, but error checking is still "
1232 "performed; this can be used to check for the existence of a process ID or "
1237 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:100
1239 "For a process to have permission to send a signal it must either be "
1240 "privileged (under Linux: have the B<CAP_KILL> capability), or the real or "
1241 "effective user ID of the sending process must equal the real or saved "
1242 "set-user-ID of the target process. In the case of B<SIGCONT> it suffices "
1243 "when the sending and receiving processes belong to the same session. "
1244 "(Historically, the rules were different; see NOTES.)"
1248 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:105
1250 "On success (at least one signal was sent), zero is returned. On error, -1 "
1251 "is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
1255 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:109
1256 msgid "An invalid signal was specified."
1260 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:109 build/C/man2/killpg.2:99 build/C/man2/prctl.2:879 build/C/man2/prctl.2:891 build/C/man2/prctl.2:901 build/C/man2/prctl.2:909 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:148 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:151 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:102 build/C/man2/tkill.2:103
1266 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:113 build/C/man2/killpg.2:103
1268 "The process does not have permission to send the signal to any of the target "
1273 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:113 build/C/man2/killpg.2:103 build/C/man2/killpg.2:107 build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:156 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:108 build/C/man2/tkill.2:108
1279 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:121
1281 "The pid or process group does not exist. Note that an existing process "
1282 "might be a zombie, a process which already committed termination, but has "
1283 "not yet been B<wait>(2)ed for."
1287 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:123 build/C/man2/pause.2:59 build/C/man2/wait.2:424
1288 msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001."
1292 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:131
1294 "The only signals that can be sent to process ID 1, the I<init> process, are "
1295 "those for which I<init> has explicitly installed signal handlers. This is "
1296 "done to assure the system is not brought down accidentally."
1300 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:137
1302 "POSIX.1-2001 requires that I<kill(-1,sig)> send I<sig> to all processes that "
1303 "the calling process may send signals to, except possibly for some "
1304 "implementation-defined system processes. Linux allows a process to signal "
1305 "itself, but on Linux the call I<kill(-1,sig)> does not signal the calling "
1310 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:147
1312 "POSIX.1-2001 requires that if a process sends a signal to itself, and the "
1313 "sending thread does not have the signal blocked, and no other thread has it "
1314 "unblocked or is waiting for it in B<sigwait>(3), at least one unblocked "
1315 "signal must be delivered to the sending thread before the B<kill>() "
1320 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:147 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:77 build/C/man2/wait.2:478
1325 #. In the 0.* kernels things chopped and changed quite
1326 #. a bit - MTK, 24 Jul 02
1328 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:161
1330 "Across different kernel versions, Linux has enforced different rules for the "
1331 "permissions required for an unprivileged process to send a signal to another "
1332 "process. In kernels 1.0 to 1.2.2, a signal could be sent if the effective "
1333 "user ID of the sender matched effective user ID of the target, or the real "
1334 "user ID of the sender matched the real user ID of the target. From kernel "
1335 "1.2.3 until 1.3.77, a signal could be sent if the effective user ID of the "
1336 "sender matched either the real or effective user ID of the target. The "
1337 "current rules, which conform to POSIX.1-2001, were adopted in kernel 1.3.78."
1341 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:171
1343 "In 2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.7, there was a bug that meant that "
1344 "when sending signals to a process group, B<kill>() failed with the error "
1345 "B<EPERM> if the caller did not have permission to send the signal to I<any> "
1346 "(rather than I<all>) of the members of the process group. Notwithstanding "
1347 "this error return, the signal was still delivered to all of the processes "
1348 "for which the caller had permission to signal."
1352 #: build/C/man2/kill.2:181
1354 "B<_exit>(2), B<killpg>(2), B<signal>(2), B<tkill>(2), B<exit>(3), "
1355 "B<sigqueue>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<credentials>(7), B<signal>(7)"
1359 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:42
1365 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:42 build/C/man3/sigset.3:26
1371 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:45
1372 msgid "killpg - send signal to a process group"
1376 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:49
1377 msgid "B<int killpg(int >I<pgrp>B<, int >I<sig>B<);>"
1381 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:55
1383 msgid "B<killpg>():"
1387 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:59 build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:46 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:51 build/C/man2/wait4.2:60
1389 "_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ "
1390 "_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
1394 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:69
1396 "B<killpg>() sends the signal I<sig> to the process group I<pgrp>. See "
1397 "B<signal>(7) for a list of signals."
1401 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:78
1403 "If I<pgrp> is 0, B<killpg>() sends the signal to the calling process's "
1404 "process group. (POSIX says: If I<pgrp> is less than or equal to 1, the "
1405 "behavior is undefined.)"
1409 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:89
1411 "For a process to have permission to send a signal it must either be "
1412 "privileged (under Linux: have the B<CAP_KILL> capability), or the real or "
1413 "effective user ID of the sending process must equal the real or saved "
1414 "set-user-ID of the target process. In the case of B<SIGCONT> it suffices "
1415 "when the sending and receiving processes belong to the same session."
1419 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:99
1420 msgid "I<sig> is not a valid signal number."
1424 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:107
1425 msgid "No process can be found in the process group specified by I<pgrp>."
1429 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:111
1431 "The process group was given as 0 but the sending process does not have a "
1436 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:115
1438 "SVr4, 4.4BSD (the B<killpg>() function call first appeared in 4BSD), "
1443 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:129
1445 "There are various differences between the permission checking in BSD-type "
1446 "systems and System V-type systems. See the POSIX rationale for B<kill>(). "
1447 "A difference not mentioned by POSIX concerns the return value B<EPERM>: BSD "
1448 "documents that no signal is sent and B<EPERM> returned when the permission "
1449 "check failed for at least one target process, while POSIX documents B<EPERM> "
1450 "only when the permission check failed for all target processes."
1454 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:134
1456 "On Linux, B<killpg>() is implemented as a library function that makes the "
1457 "call I<kill(-pgrp,\\ sig)>."
1461 #: build/C/man2/killpg.2:140
1463 "B<getpgrp>(2), B<kill>(2), B<signal>(2), B<capabilities>(7), "
1468 #: build/C/man2/pause.2:30
1474 #: build/C/man2/pause.2:30
1480 #: build/C/man2/pause.2:33
1481 msgid "pause - wait for signal"
1485 #: build/C/man2/pause.2:35
1486 msgid "B<#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>"
1490 #: build/C/man2/pause.2:37
1491 msgid "B<int pause(void);>"
1495 #: build/C/man2/pause.2:42
1497 "B<pause>() causes the calling process (or thread) to sleep until a signal "
1498 "is delivered that either terminates the process or causes the invocation of "
1499 "a signal-catching function."
1502 #. .BR ERESTARTNOHAND .
1504 #: build/C/man2/pause.2:53
1506 "B<pause>() returns only when a signal was caught and the signal-catching "
1507 "function returned. In this case B<pause>() returns -1, and I<errno> is set "
1512 #: build/C/man2/pause.2:54 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:81 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:123 build/C/man2/wait.2:410
1518 #: build/C/man2/pause.2:57
1519 msgid "a signal was caught and the signal-catching function returned."
1523 #: build/C/man2/pause.2:64
1524 msgid "B<kill>(2), B<select>(2), B<signal>(2), B<sigsuspend>(2)"
1528 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:52
1534 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:52
1540 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:55
1541 msgid "prctl - operations on a process"
1545 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:58
1547 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
1551 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:61
1554 "B<int prctl(int >I<option>B<, unsigned long >I<arg2>B<, unsigned long "
1556 "B< unsigned long >I<arg4>B<, unsigned long >I<arg5>B<);>\n"
1560 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:68
1562 "B<prctl>() is called with a first argument describing what to do (with "
1563 "values defined in I<E<lt>linux/prctl.hE<gt>>), and further arguments with a "
1564 "significance depending on the first one. The first argument can be:"
1568 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:68
1570 msgid "B<PR_CAPBSET_READ> (since Linux 2.6.25)"
1574 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:80
1576 "Return (as the function result) 1 if the capability specified in I<arg2> is "
1577 "in the calling thread's capability bounding set, or 0 if it is not. (The "
1578 "capability constants are defined in I<E<lt>linux/capability.hE<gt>>.) The "
1579 "capability bounding set dictates whether the process can receive the "
1580 "capability through a file's permitted capability set on a subsequent call to "
1585 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:85
1587 "If the capability specified in I<arg2> is not valid, then the call fails "
1588 "with the error B<EINVAL>."
1592 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:85
1594 msgid "B<PR_CAPBSET_DROP> (since Linux 2.6.25)"
1598 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:94
1600 "If the calling thread has the B<CAP_SETPCAP> capability, then drop the "
1601 "capability specified by I<arg2> from the calling thread's capability "
1602 "bounding set. Any children of the calling thread will inherit the newly "
1603 "reduced bounding set."
1607 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:106
1609 "The call fails with the error: B<EPERM> if the calling thread does not have "
1610 "the B<CAP_SETPCAP>; B<EINVAL> if I<arg2> does not represent a valid "
1611 "capability; or B<EINVAL> if file capabilities are not enabled in the kernel, "
1612 "in which case bounding sets are not supported."
1616 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:106
1618 msgid "B<PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER> (since Linux 3.4)"
1621 #. commit ebec18a6d3aa1e7d84aab16225e87fd25170ec2b
1623 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:131
1625 "If I<arg2> is nonzero, set the \"child subreaper\" attribute of the calling "
1626 "process; if I<arg2> is zero, unset the attribute. When a process is marked "
1627 "as a child subreaper, all of the children that it creates, and their "
1628 "descendants, will be marked as having a subreaper. In effect, a subreaper "
1629 "fulfills the role of B<init>(1) for its descendant processes. Upon "
1630 "termination of a process that is orphaned (i.e., its immediate parent has "
1631 "already terminated) and marked as having a subreaper, the nearest still "
1632 "living ancestor subreaper will receive a B<SIGCHLD> signal and be able to "
1633 "B<wait>(2) on the process to discover its termination status."
1637 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:131
1639 msgid "B<PR_GET_CHILD_SUBREAPER> (since Linux 3.4)"
1643 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:136
1645 "Return the \"child subreaper\" setting of the caller, in the location "
1646 "pointed to by I<(int\\ *) arg2>."
1650 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:136
1652 msgid "B<PR_SET_DUMPABLE> (since Linux 2.3.20)"
1655 #. See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115270289030630&w=2
1656 #. Subject: Fix prctl privilege escalation (CVE-2006-2451)
1657 #. From: Marcel Holtmann <marcel () holtmann ! org>
1658 #. Date: 2006-07-12 11:12:00
1660 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:162
1662 "Set the state of the flag determining whether core dumps are produced for "
1663 "the calling process upon delivery of a signal whose default behavior is to "
1664 "produce a core dump. (Normally, this flag is set for a process by default, "
1665 "but it is cleared when a set-user-ID or set-group-ID program is executed and "
1666 "also by various system calls that manipulate process UIDs and GIDs). In "
1667 "kernels up to and including 2.6.12, I<arg2> must be either 0 (process is not "
1668 "dumpable) or 1 (process is dumpable). Between kernels 2.6.13 and 2.6.17, "
1669 "the value 2 was also permitted, which caused any binary which normally would "
1670 "not be dumped to be dumped readable by root only; for security reasons, this "
1671 "feature has been removed. (See also the description of "
1672 "I</proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable> in B<proc>(5).) Processes that are not "
1673 "dumpable can not be attached via B<ptrace>(2) B<PTRACE_ATTACH>."
1677 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:162
1679 msgid "B<PR_GET_DUMPABLE> (since Linux 2.3.20)"
1682 #. Since Linux 2.6.13, the dumpable flag can have the value 2,
1683 #. but in 2.6.13 PR_GET_DUMPABLE simply returns 1 if the dumpable
1684 #. flags has a nonzero value. This was fixed in 2.6.14.
1686 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:169
1688 "Return (as the function result) the current state of the calling process's "
1693 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:169
1695 msgid "B<PR_SET_ENDIAN> (since Linux 2.6.18, PowerPC only)"
1698 #. Respectively 0, 1, 2
1700 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:179
1702 "Set the endian-ness of the calling process to the value given in I<arg2>, "
1703 "which should be one of the following: B<PR_ENDIAN_BIG>, B<PR_ENDIAN_LITTLE>, "
1704 "or B<PR_ENDIAN_PPC_LITTLE> (PowerPC pseudo little endian)."
1708 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:179
1710 msgid "B<PR_GET_ENDIAN> (since Linux 2.6.18, PowerPC only)"
1714 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:184
1716 "Return the endian-ness of the calling process, in the location pointed to by "
1717 "I<(int\\ *) arg2>."
1721 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:184
1723 msgid "B<PR_SET_FPEMU> (since Linux 2.4.18, 2.5.9, only on ia64)"
1727 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:191
1729 "Set floating-point emulation control bits to I<arg2>. Pass "
1730 "B<PR_FPEMU_NOPRINT> to silently emulate fp operations accesses, or "
1731 "B<PR_FPEMU_SIGFPE> to not emulate fp operations and send B<SIGFPE> instead."
1735 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:191
1737 msgid "B<PR_GET_FPEMU> (since Linux 2.4.18, 2.5.9, only on ia64)"
1741 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:196
1743 "Return floating-point emulation control bits, in the location pointed to by "
1744 "I<(int\\ *) arg2>."
1748 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:196
1750 msgid "B<PR_SET_FPEXC> (since Linux 2.4.21, 2.5.32, only on PowerPC)"
1754 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:209
1756 "Set floating-point exception mode to I<arg2>. Pass B<PR_FP_EXC_SW_ENABLE> "
1757 "to use FPEXC for FP exception enables, B<PR_FP_EXC_DIV> for floating-point "
1758 "divide by zero, B<PR_FP_EXC_OVF> for floating-point overflow, "
1759 "B<PR_FP_EXC_UND> for floating-point underflow, B<PR_FP_EXC_RES> for "
1760 "floating-point inexact result, B<PR_FP_EXC_INV> for floating-point invalid "
1761 "operation, B<PR_FP_EXC_DISABLED> for FP exceptions disabled, "
1762 "B<PR_FP_EXC_NONRECOV> for async nonrecoverable exception mode, "
1763 "B<PR_FP_EXC_ASYNC> for async recoverable exception mode, "
1764 "B<PR_FP_EXC_PRECISE> for precise exception mode."
1768 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:209
1770 msgid "B<PR_GET_FPEXC> (since Linux 2.4.21, 2.5.32, only on PowerPC)"
1774 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:214
1776 "Return floating-point exception mode, in the location pointed to by I<(int\\ "
1781 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:214
1783 msgid "B<PR_SET_KEEPCAPS> (since Linux 2.2.18)"
1787 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:232
1789 "Set the state of the thread's \"keep capabilities\" flag, which determines "
1790 "whether the threads's permitted capability set is cleared when a change is "
1791 "made to the threads's user IDs such that the threads's real UID, effective "
1792 "UID, and saved set-user-ID all become nonzero when at least one of them "
1793 "previously had the value 0. By default, the permitted capability set is "
1794 "cleared when such a change is made; setting the \"keep capabilities\" flag "
1795 "prevents it from being cleared. I<arg2> must be either 0 (permitted "
1796 "capabilities are cleared) or 1 (permitted capabilities are kept). (A "
1797 "thread's I<effective> capability set is always cleared when such a "
1798 "credential change is made, regardless of the setting of the \"keep "
1799 "capabilities\" flag.) The \"keep capabilities\" value will be reset to 0 on "
1800 "subsequent calls to B<execve>(2)."
1804 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:232
1806 msgid "B<PR_GET_KEEPCAPS> (since Linux 2.2.18)"
1810 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:236
1812 "Return (as the function result) the current state of the calling threads's "
1813 "\"keep capabilities\" flag."
1817 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:236
1819 msgid "B<PR_SET_NAME> (since Linux 2.6.9)"
1822 #. TASK_COMM_LEN in include/linux/sched.h
1824 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:253
1826 "Set the name of the calling thread, using the value in the location pointed "
1827 "to by I<(char\\ *) arg2>. The name can be up to 16 bytes long, and should "
1828 "be null-terminated if it contains fewer bytes. This is the same attribute "
1829 "that can be set via B<pthread_setname_np>(3) and retrieved using "
1830 "B<pthread_getname_np>(3). The attribute is likewise accessible via "
1831 "I</proc/self/task/[tid]/comm>, where I<tid> is the name of the calling "
1836 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:253
1838 msgid "B<PR_GET_NAME> (since Linux 2.6.11)"
1842 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:260
1844 "Return the name of the calling thread, in the buffer pointed to by I<(char\\ "
1845 "*) arg2>. The buffer should allow space for up to 16 bytes; the returned "
1846 "string will be null-terminated if it is shorter than that."
1850 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:260
1852 msgid "B<PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS> (since Linux 3.5)"
1856 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:283
1858 "Set the calling process's I<no_new_privs> bit to the value in I<arg2>. With "
1859 "I<no_new_privs> set to 1, B<execve>(2) promises not to grant privileges to "
1860 "do anything that could not have been done without the B<execve>(2) call "
1861 "(for example, rendering the set-user-ID and set-group-ID permission bits, "
1862 "and file capabilities non-functional). Once set, this bit cannot be unset. "
1863 "The setting of this bit is inherited by children created by B<fork>(2) and "
1864 "B<clone>(2), and preserved across B<execve>(2)."
1868 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:286
1870 "For more information, see the kernel source file "
1871 "I<Documentation/prctl/no_new_privs.txt>."
1875 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:286
1877 msgid "B<PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS> (since Linux 3.5)"
1881 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:297
1883 "Return the value of the I<no_new_privs> bit for the current process. A "
1884 "value of 0 indicates the regular B<execve>(2) behavior. A value of 1 "
1885 "indicates B<execve>(2) will operate in the privilege-restricting mode "
1890 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:297
1892 msgid "B<PR_SET_PDEATHSIG> (since Linux 2.1.57)"
1896 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:308
1898 "Set the parent process death signal of the calling process to I<arg2> "
1899 "(either a signal value in the range 1..maxsig, or 0 to clear). This is the "
1900 "signal that the calling process will get when its parent dies. This value "
1901 "is cleared for the child of a B<fork>(2) and (since Linux 2.4.36 / 2.6.23) "
1902 "when executing a set-user-ID or set-group-ID binary."
1906 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:308
1908 msgid "B<PR_GET_PDEATHSIG> (since Linux 2.3.15)"
1912 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:313
1914 "Return the current value of the parent process death signal, in the location "
1915 "pointed to by I<(int\\ *) arg2>."
1919 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:313
1921 msgid "B<PR_SET_PTRACER> (since Linux 3.4)"
1924 #. commit 2d514487faf188938a4ee4fb3464eeecfbdcf8eb
1925 #. commit bf06189e4d14641c0148bea16e9dd24943862215
1927 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:338
1929 "This is meaningful only when the Yama LSM is enabled and in mode 1 "
1930 "(\"restricted ptrace\", visible via I</proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope>). "
1931 "When a \"ptracer process ID\" is passed in I<arg2>, the caller is declaring "
1932 "that the ptracer process can B<ptrace>(2) the calling process as if it were "
1933 "a direct process ancestor. Each B<PR_SET_PTRACER> operation replaces the "
1934 "previous \"ptracer process ID\". Employing B<PR_SET_PTRACER> with I<arg2> "
1935 "set to 0 clears the caller's \"ptracer process ID\". If I<arg2> is "
1936 "B<PR_SET_PTRACER_ANY,> the ptrace restrictions introduced by Yama are "
1937 "effectively disabled for the calling process."
1941 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:341
1943 "For further information, see the kernel source file "
1944 "I<Documentation/security/Yama.txt>."
1948 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:341
1950 msgid "B<PR_SET_SECCOMP> (since Linux 2.6.23)"
1953 #. See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/542632
1954 #. [PATCH 0 of 2] seccomp updates
1955 #. andrea@cpushare.com
1957 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:352
1959 "Set the secure computing (seccomp) mode for the calling thread, to limit the "
1960 "available system calls. The seccomp mode is selected via I<arg2>. (The "
1961 "seccomp constants are defined in I<E<lt>linux/seccomp.hE<gt>>.)"
1965 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:373
1967 "With I<arg2> set to B<SECCOMP_MODE_STRICT> the only system calls that the "
1968 "thread is permitted to make are B<read>(2), B<write>(2), B<_exit>(2), and "
1969 "B<sigreturn>(2). Other system calls result in the delivery of a B<SIGKILL> "
1970 "signal. Strict secure computing mode is useful for number-crunching "
1971 "applications that may need to execute untrusted byte code, perhaps obtained "
1972 "by reading from a pipe or socket. This operation is available only if the "
1973 "kernel is configured with B<CONFIG_SECCOMP> enabled."
1977 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:388
1979 "With I<arg2> set to B<SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER> (since Linux 3.5) the system "
1980 "calls allowed are defined by a pointer to a Berkeley Packet Filter passed in "
1981 "I<arg3>. This argument is a pointer to I<struct sock_fprog>; it can be "
1982 "designed to filter arbitrary system calls and system call arguments. This "
1983 "mode is available only if the kernel is configured with "
1984 "B<CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER> enabled."
1988 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:403
1990 "If B<SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER> filters permit B<fork>(2), then the seccomp mode "
1991 "is inherited by children created by B<fork>(2); if B<execve>(2) is "
1992 "permitted, then the seccomp mode is preserved across B<execve>(2). If the "
1993 "filters permit B<prctl>() calls, then additional filters can be added; they "
1994 "are run in order until the first non-allow result is seen."
1998 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:406
2000 "For further information, see the kernel source file "
2001 "I<Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt>."
2005 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:406
2007 msgid "B<PR_GET_SECCOMP> (since Linux 2.6.23)"
2011 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:421
2013 "Return the secure computing mode of the calling thread. If the caller is "
2014 "not in secure computing mode, this operation returns 0; if the caller is in "
2015 "strict secure computing mode, then the B<prctl>() call will cause a "
2016 "B<SIGKILL> signal to be sent to the process. If the caller is in filter "
2017 "mode, and this system call is allowed by the seccomp filters, it returns 2. "
2018 "This operation is available only if the kernel is configured with "
2019 "B<CONFIG_SECCOMP> enabled."
2023 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:421
2025 msgid "B<PR_SET_SECUREBITS> (since Linux 2.6.26)"
2029 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:427
2031 "Set the \"securebits\" flags of the calling thread to the value supplied in "
2032 "I<arg2>. See B<capabilities>(7)."
2036 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:427
2038 msgid "B<PR_GET_SECUREBITS> (since Linux 2.6.26)"
2042 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:433
2044 "Return (as the function result) the \"securebits\" flags of the calling "
2045 "thread. See B<capabilities>(7)."
2049 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:433
2051 msgid "B<PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS> (since Linux 3.5)"
2054 #. commit 300f786b2683f8bb1ec0afb6e1851183a479c86d
2056 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:448
2058 "Retrieve the I<clear_child_tid> address set by B<set_tid_address>(2) and "
2059 "the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> flag, in the location pointed to by "
2060 "I<(int\\ **)\\ arg2>. This feature is available only if the kernel is built "
2061 "with the B<CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE> option enabled."
2065 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:448
2067 msgid "B<PR_SET_TIMERSLACK> (since Linux 2.6.28)"
2070 #. See https://lwn.net/Articles/369549/
2071 #. commit 6976675d94042fbd446231d1bd8b7de71a980ada
2072 #. It seems that it's not possible to set the timer slack to zero;
2073 #. The minimum value is 1? Seems a little strange.
2075 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:467
2077 "Set the current timer slack for the calling thread to the nanosecond value "
2078 "supplied in I<arg2>. If I<arg2> is less than or equal to zero, reset the "
2079 "current timer slack to the thread's default timer slack value. The timer "
2080 "slack is used by the kernel to group timer expirations for the calling "
2081 "thread that are close to one another; as a consequence, timer expirations "
2082 "for the thread may be up to the specified number of nanoseconds late (but "
2083 "will never expire early). Grouping timer expirations can help reduce system "
2084 "power consumption by minimizing CPU wake-ups."
2087 #. List obtained by grepping for futex usage in glibc source
2089 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:487
2091 "The timer expirations affected by timer slack are those set by B<select>(2), "
2092 "B<pselect>(2), B<poll>(2), B<ppoll>(2), B<epoll_wait>(2), B<epoll_pwait>(2), "
2093 "B<clock_nanosleep>(2), B<nanosleep>(2), and B<futex>(2) (and thus the "
2094 "library functions implemented via futexes, including "
2095 "B<pthread_cond_timedwait>(3), B<pthread_mutex_timedlock>(3), "
2096 "B<pthread_rwlock_timedrdlock>(3), B<pthread_rwlock_timedwrlock>(3), and "
2097 "B<sem_timedwait>(3))."
2101 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:491
2103 "Timer slack is not applied to threads that are scheduled under a realtime "
2104 "scheduling policy (see B<sched_setscheduler>(2))."
2108 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:508
2110 "Each thread has two associated timer slack values: a \"default\" value, and "
2111 "a \"current\" value. The current value is the one that governs grouping of "
2112 "timer expirations. When a new thread is created, the two timer slack values "
2113 "are made the same as the current value of the creating thread. Thereafter, "
2114 "a thread can adjust its current timer slack value via B<PR_SET_TIMERSLACK> "
2115 "(the default value can't be changed). The timer slack values of I<init> "
2116 "(PID 1), the ancestor of all processes, are 50,000 nanoseconds (50 "
2117 "microseconds). The timer slack values are preserved across B<execve>(2)."
2121 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:508
2123 msgid "B<PR_GET_TIMERSLACK> (since Linux 2.6.28)"
2127 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:511
2128 msgid "Return the current timer slack value of the calling thread."
2132 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:511
2134 msgid "B<PR_SET_TIMING> (since Linux 2.6.0-test4)"
2139 #. PR_TIMING_TIMESTAMP doesn't do anything in 2.6.26-rc8,
2140 #. and looking at the patch history, it appears
2141 #. that it never did anything.
2143 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:528
2145 "Set whether to use (normal, traditional) statistical process timing or "
2146 "accurate timestamp-based process timing, by passing B<PR_TIMING_STATISTICAL> "
2147 "or B<PR_TIMING_TIMESTAMP> to I<arg2>. B<PR_TIMING_TIMESTAMP> is not "
2148 "currently implemented (attempting to set this mode will yield the error "
2153 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:528
2155 msgid "B<PR_GET_TIMING> (since Linux 2.6.0-test4)"
2159 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:532
2161 "Return (as the function result) which process timing method is currently in "
2166 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:532
2168 msgid "B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE> (since Linux 2.6.31)"
2172 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:541
2174 "Disable all performance counters attached to the calling process, regardless "
2175 "of whether the counters were created by this process or another process. "
2176 "Performance counters created by the calling process for other processes are "
2177 "unaffected. For more information on performance counters, see the Linux "
2178 "kernel source file I<tools/perf/design.txt>."
2181 #. commit 1d1c7ddbfab358445a542715551301b7fc363e28
2183 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:547
2185 "Originally called B<PR_TASK_PERF_COUNTERS_DISABLE>; renamed (with same "
2186 "numerical value) in Linux 2.6.32."
2190 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:547
2192 msgid "B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE> (since Linux 2.6.31)"
2196 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:552
2198 "The converse of B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE>; enable performance counters "
2199 "attached to the calling process."
2202 #. commit 1d1c7ddbfab358445a542715551301b7fc363e28
2203 #. commit cdd6c482c9ff9c55475ee7392ec8f672eddb7be6
2205 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:559
2206 msgid "Originally called B<PR_TASK_PERF_COUNTERS_ENABLE>; renamed in Linux 2.6.32."
2210 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:559
2212 msgid "B<PR_SET_TSC> (since Linux 2.6.26, x86 only)"
2216 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:572
2218 "Set the state of the flag determining whether the timestamp counter can be "
2219 "read by the process. Pass B<PR_TSC_ENABLE> to I<arg2> to allow it to be "
2220 "read, or B<PR_TSC_SIGSEGV> to generate a B<SIGSEGV> when the process tries "
2221 "to read the timestamp counter."
2225 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:572
2227 msgid "B<PR_GET_TSC> (since Linux 2.6.26, x86 only)"
2231 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:578
2233 "Return the state of the flag determining whether the timestamp counter can "
2234 "be read, in the location pointed to by I<(int\\ *) arg2>."
2238 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:578
2240 msgid "B<PR_SET_UNALIGN>"
2244 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:588
2246 "(Only on: ia64, since Linux 2.3.48; parisc, since Linux 2.6.15; PowerPC, "
2247 "since Linux 2.6.18; Alpha, since Linux 2.6.22) Set unaligned access control "
2248 "bits to I<arg2>. Pass B<PR_UNALIGN_NOPRINT> to silently fix up unaligned "
2249 "user accesses, or B<PR_UNALIGN_SIGBUS> to generate B<SIGBUS> on unaligned "
2254 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:588
2256 msgid "B<PR_GET_UNALIGN>"
2260 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:595
2262 "(see B<PR_SET_UNALIGN> for information on versions and architectures) "
2263 "Return unaligned access control bits, in the location pointed to by I<(int\\ "
2268 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:595
2270 msgid "B<PR_MCE_KILL> (since Linux 2.6.32)"
2274 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:635
2276 "Set the machine check memory corruption kill policy for the current thread. "
2277 "If I<arg2> is B<PR_MCE_KILL_CLEAR>, clear the thread memory corruption kill "
2278 "policy and use the system-wide default. (The system-wide default is defined "
2279 "by I</proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_early_kill>; see B<proc>(5).) If I<arg2> "
2280 "is B<PR_MCE_KILL_SET>, use a thread-specific memory corruption kill policy. "
2281 "In this case, I<arg3> defines whether the policy is I<early kill> "
2282 "(B<PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY>), I<late kill> (B<PR_MCE_KILL_LATE>), or the "
2283 "system-wide default (B<PR_MCE_KILL_DEFAULT>). Early kill means that the "
2284 "thread receives a B<SIGBUS> signal as soon as hardware memory corruption is "
2285 "detected inside its address space. In late kill mode, the process is killed "
2286 "only when it accesses a corrupted page. See B<sigaction>(2) for more "
2287 "information on the B<SIGBUS> signal. The policy is inherited by children. "
2288 "The remaining unused B<prctl>() arguments must be zero for future "
2293 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:635
2295 msgid "B<PR_MCE_KILL_GET> (since Linux 2.6.32)"
2299 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:641
2301 "Return the current per-process machine check kill policy. All unused "
2302 "B<prctl>() arguments must be zero."
2306 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:641
2308 msgid "B<PR_SET_MM> (since Linux 3.3)"
2312 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:661
2314 "Modify certain kernel memory map descriptor fields of the calling process. "
2315 "Usually these fields are set by the kernel and dynamic loader (see "
2316 "B<ld.so>(8) for more information) and a regular application should not use "
2317 "this feature. However, there are cases, such as self-modifying programs, "
2318 "where a program might find it useful to change its own memory map. This "
2319 "feature is available only if the kernel is built with the "
2320 "B<CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE> option enabled. The calling process must have "
2321 "the B<CAP_SYS_RESOURCE> capability. The value in I<arg2> is one of the "
2322 "options below, while I<arg3> provides a new value for the option."
2326 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:662
2328 msgid "B<PR_SET_MM_START_CODE>"
2332 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:671
2334 "Set the address above which the program text can run. The corresponding "
2335 "memory area must be readable and executable, but not writable or sharable "
2336 "(see B<mprotect>(2) and B<mmap>(2) for more information)."
2340 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:671
2342 msgid "B<PR_SET_MM_END_CODE>"
2346 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:676
2348 "Set the address below which the program text can run. The corresponding "
2349 "memory area must be readable and executable, but not writable or sharable."
2353 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:676
2355 msgid "B<PR_SET_MM_START_DATA>"
2359 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:682
2361 "Set the address above which initialized and uninitialized (bss) data are "
2362 "placed. The corresponding memory area must be readable and writable, but "
2363 "not executable or sharable."
2367 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:682
2369 msgid "B<PR_SET_MM_END_DATA>"
2373 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:688
2375 "Set the address below which initialized and uninitialized (bss) data are "
2376 "placed. The corresponding memory area must be readable and writable, but "
2377 "not executable or sharable."
2381 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:688
2383 msgid "B<PR_SET_MM_START_STACK>"
2387 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:692
2389 "Set the start address of the stack. The corresponding memory area must be "
2390 "readable and writable."
2394 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:692
2396 msgid "B<PR_SET_MM_START_BRK>"
2400 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:704
2402 "Set the address above which the program heap can be expanded with B<brk>(2) "
2403 "call. The address must be greater than the ending address of the current "
2404 "program data segment. In addition, the combined size of the resulting heap "
2405 "and the size of the data segment can't exceed the B<RLIMIT_DATA> resource "
2406 "limit (see B<setrlimit>(2))."
2410 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:704
2412 msgid "B<PR_SET_MM_BRK>"
2415 #. FIXME The following (until ========) is not yet in mainline kernel,
2416 #. so commented out for the moment.
2418 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_START
2419 #. Set the address above which the program command line is placed.
2421 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_END
2422 #. Set the address below which the program command line is placed.
2424 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_START
2425 #. Set the address above which the program environment is placed.
2427 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_END
2428 #. Set the address below which the program environment is placed.
2430 #. The address passed with
2431 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_START ,
2432 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_ARG_END ,
2433 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_START ,
2435 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_ENV_END
2436 #. should belong to a process stack area.
2437 #. Thus, the corresponding memory area must be readable, writable, and
2438 #. (depending on the kernel configuration) have the
2439 #. .BR MAP_GROWSDOWN
2440 #. attribute set (see
2443 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_AUXV
2444 #. Set a new auxiliary vector.
2447 #. argument should provide the address of the vector.
2450 #. is the size of the vector.
2452 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE
2454 #. .IR /proc/pid/exe
2455 #. symbolic link with a new one pointing to a new executable file
2456 #. identified by the file descriptor provided in
2459 #. The file descriptor should be obtained with a regular
2463 #. To change the symbolic link, one needs to unmap all existing
2464 #. executable memory areas, including those created by the kernel itself
2465 #. (for example the kernel usually creates at least one executable
2466 #. memory area for the ELF
2470 #. The second limitation is that such transitions can be done only once
2471 #. in a process life time.
2472 #. Any further attempts will be rejected.
2473 #. This should help system administrators to monitor unusual
2474 #. symbolic-link transitions over all process running in a system.
2475 #. ========== END FIXME
2477 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:773
2479 "Set the current B<brk>(2) value. The requirements for the address are the "
2480 "same as for the B<PR_SET_MM_START_BRK> option."
2484 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:793
2486 "On success, B<PR_GET_DUMPABLE>, B<PR_GET_KEEPCAPS>, B<PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS>, "
2487 "B<PR_CAPBSET_READ>, B<PR_GET_TIMING>, B<PR_GET_SECUREBITS>, "
2488 "B<PR_MCE_KILL_GET>, and (if it returns) B<PR_GET_SECCOMP> return the "
2489 "nonnegative values described above. All other I<option> values return 0 on "
2490 "success. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
2494 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:798
2495 msgid "I<arg2> is an invalid address."
2499 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:803
2500 msgid "The value of I<option> is not recognized."
2504 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:815
2506 "I<option> is B<PR_MCE_KILL> or B<PR_MCE_KILL_GET> or B<PR_SET_MM>, and "
2507 "unused B<prctl>() arguments were not specified as zero."
2511 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:820
2512 msgid "I<arg2> is not valid value for this I<option>."
2516 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:829
2518 "I<option> is B<PR_SET_SECCOMP> or B<PR_GET_SECCOMP>, and the kernel was not "
2519 "configured with B<CONFIG_SECCOMP>."
2523 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:835
2524 msgid "I<option> is B<PR_SET_MM>, and one of the following is true"
2528 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:841
2529 msgid "I<arg4> or I<arg5> is nonzero;"
2533 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:846
2535 "I<arg3> is greater than B<TASK_SIZE> (the limit on the size of the user "
2536 "address space for this architecture);"
2540 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:856
2542 "I<arg2> is B<PR_SET_MM_START_CODE>, B<PR_SET_MM_END_CODE>, "
2543 "B<PR_SET_MM_START_DATA>, B<PR_SET_MM_END_DATA>, or B<PR_SET_MM_START_STACK,> "
2544 "and the permissions of the corresponding memory area are not as required;"
2548 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:868
2550 "I<arg2> is B<PR_SET_MM_START_BRK> or B<PR_SET_MM_BRK>, and I<arg3> is less "
2551 "than or equal to the end of the data segment or specifies a value that would "
2552 "cause the B<RLIMIT_DATA> resource limit to be exceeded."
2556 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:879
2558 "I<option> is B<PR_SET_PTRACER> and I<arg2> is not 0, B<PR_SET_PTRACER_ANY>, "
2559 "or the PID of an existing process."
2563 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:891
2565 "I<option> is B<PR_SET_SECUREBITS>, and the caller does not have the "
2566 "B<CAP_SETPCAP> capability, or tried to unset a \"locked\" flag, or tried to "
2567 "set a flag whose corresponding locked flag was set (see B<capabilities>(7))."
2571 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:901
2573 "I<option> is B<PR_SET_KEEPCAPS>, and the callers's "
2574 "B<SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED> flag is set (see B<capabilities>(7))."
2578 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:909
2580 "I<option> is B<PR_CAPBSET_DROP>, and the caller does not have the "
2581 "B<CAP_SETPCAP> capability."
2584 #. FIXME The following (until ========) is not yet in mainline kernel,
2585 #. so commented out for the moment.
2594 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE ,
2595 #. the file is not executable.
2603 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE ,
2604 #. and this the second attempt to change the
2606 #. symbolic link, which is prohibited.
2614 #. .BR PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE ,
2615 #. and the file descriptor passed in
2618 #. ========== END FIXME
2619 #. The following can't actually happen, because prctl() in
2620 #. seccomp mode will cause SIGKILL.
2625 #. .BR PR_SET_SECCOMP ,
2626 #. and secure computing mode is already 1.
2628 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:960
2630 "I<option> is B<PR_SET_MM>, and the caller does not have the "
2631 "B<CAP_SYS_RESOURCE> capability."
2634 #. The library interface was added in glibc 2.0.6
2636 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:965
2637 msgid "The B<prctl>() system call was introduced in Linux 2.1.57."
2641 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:972
2643 "This call is Linux-specific. IRIX has a B<prctl>() system call (also "
2644 "introduced in Linux 2.1.44 as irix_prctl on the MIPS architecture), with "
2649 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:974
2650 msgid "B<ptrdiff_t prctl(int >I<option>B<, int >I<arg2>B<, int >I<arg3>B<);>"
2654 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:979
2656 "and options to get the maximum number of processes per user, get the maximum "
2657 "number of processors the calling process can use, find out whether a "
2658 "specified process is currently blocked, get or set the maximum stack size, "
2663 #: build/C/man2/prctl.2:982
2664 msgid "B<signal>(2), B<core>(5)"
2668 #: build/C/man3/profil.3:28
2674 #: build/C/man3/profil.3:31
2675 msgid "profil - execution time profile"
2679 #: build/C/man3/profil.3:34
2681 msgid "B<#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
2685 #: build/C/man3/profil.3:37
2688 "B<int profil(unsigned short *>I<buf>B<, size_t >I<bufsiz>B<,>\n"
2689 "B< size_t >I<offset>B<, unsigned int >I<scale>B<);>\n"
2693 #: build/C/man3/profil.3:46
2694 msgid "B<profil>(): _BSD_SOURCE || (_XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<lt>\\ 500)"
2698 #: build/C/man3/profil.3:68
2700 "This routine provides a means to find out in what areas your program spends "
2701 "most of its time. The argument I<buf> points to I<bufsiz> bytes of core. "
2702 "Every virtual 10 milliseconds, the user's program counter (PC) is examined: "
2703 "I<offset> is subtracted and the result is multiplied by I<scale> and divided "
2704 "by 65536. If the resulting value is less than I<bufsiz>, then the "
2705 "corresponding entry in I<buf> is incremented. If I<buf> is NULL, profiling "
2710 #: build/C/man3/profil.3:70
2711 msgid "Zero is always returned."
2715 #: build/C/man3/profil.3:72
2716 msgid "Similar to a call in SVr4 (but not POSIX.1-2001)."
2720 #: build/C/man3/profil.3:78
2722 "B<profil>() cannot be used on a program that also uses B<ITIMER_PROF> "
2723 "interval timers (see B<setitimer>(2))."
2727 #: build/C/man3/profil.3:81
2729 "True kernel profiling provides more accurate results. Libc 4.4 contained a "
2730 "kernel patch providing a system call profil."
2734 #: build/C/man3/profil.3:86
2735 msgid "B<gprof>(1), B<setitimer>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2)"
2739 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:30
2745 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:30
2751 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:30 build/C/man3/raise.3:29 build/C/man7/sigevent.7:26
2757 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:33
2758 msgid "psignal, psiginfo - print signal message"
2762 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:39
2765 "B<void psignal(int >I<sig>B<, const char *>I<s>B<);>\n"
2766 "B<void psiginfo(const siginfo_t *>I<pinfo>B<, const char *>I<s>B<);>\n"
2770 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:41
2772 msgid "B<extern const char *const >I<sys_siglist>B<[];>\n"
2776 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:50
2777 msgid "B<psignal>(): _SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE"
2781 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:53
2783 "B<psiginfo>(): _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 700 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ "
2788 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:56
2789 msgid "I<sys_siglist>: _BSD_SOURCE"
2793 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:65
2795 "The B<psignal>() function displays a message on I<stderr> consisting of the "
2796 "string I<s>, a colon, a space, a string describing the signal number I<sig>, "
2797 "and a trailing newline. If the string I<s> is NULL or empty, the colon and "
2798 "space are omitted. If I<sig> is invalid, the message displayed will "
2799 "indicate an unknown signal."
2803 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:86
2805 "The B<psiginfo>() function is like B<psignal>(), except that it displays "
2806 "information about the signal described by I<pinfo>, which should point to a "
2807 "valid I<siginfo_t> structure. As well as the signal description, "
2808 "B<psiginfo>() displays information about the origin of the signal, and "
2809 "other information relevant to the signal (e.g., the relevant memory address "
2810 "for hardware-generated signals, the child process ID for B<SIGCHLD>, and the "
2811 "user ID and process ID of the sender, for signals set using B<kill>(2) or "
2816 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:89
2818 "The array I<sys_siglist> holds the signal description strings indexed by "
2823 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:95
2824 msgid "The B<psignal>() and B<psiginfo>() functions return no value."
2828 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:99
2829 msgid "The B<psiginfo>() function was added to glibc in version 2.10."
2833 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:101
2834 msgid "POSIX.1-2008, 4.3BSD."
2838 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:105
2839 msgid "In glibc versions up to 2.12, B<psiginfo>() had the following bugs:"
2842 #. FIXME http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12107
2843 #. Reportedly now fixed; check glibc 2.13
2845 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:109
2846 msgid "In some circumstances, a trailing newline is not printed."
2849 #. FIXME http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12108
2850 #. Reportedly now fixed; check glibc 2.13
2852 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:113
2853 msgid "Additional details are not displayed for real-time signals."
2857 #: build/C/man3/psignal.3:118
2858 msgid "B<sigaction>(2), B<perror>(3), B<strsignal>(3), B<signal>(7)"
2862 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:29
2868 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:29
2874 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:32
2875 msgid "raise - send a signal to the caller"
2879 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:37
2881 msgid "B<int raise(int >I<sig>B<);>\n"
2885 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:43
2887 "The B<raise>() function sends a signal to the calling process or thread. "
2888 "In a single-threaded program it is equivalent to"
2892 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:47
2894 msgid "kill(getpid(), sig);\n"
2898 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:51
2899 msgid "In a multithreaded program it is equivalent to"
2903 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:55
2905 msgid "pthread_kill(pthread_self(), sig);\n"
2909 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:61
2911 "If the signal causes a handler to be called, B<raise>() will return only "
2912 "after the signal handler has returned."
2916 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:64
2917 msgid "B<raise>() returns 0 on success, and nonzero for failure."
2921 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:66 build/C/man2/signal.2:112
2922 msgid "C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001."
2925 #. 2.3.2 used the obsolete tkill(), if available.
2927 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:77
2929 "Since version 2.3.3, glibc implements B<raise>() by calling B<tgkill>(2), "
2930 "if the kernel supports that system call. Older glibc versions implemented "
2931 "B<raise>() using B<kill>(2)."
2935 #: build/C/man3/raise.3:84
2937 "B<getpid>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<pthread_kill>(3), "
2942 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:33
2944 msgid "RESTART_SYSCALL"
2948 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:33 build/C/man2/sigaction.2:47 build/C/man7/signal.7:46 build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:29
2954 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:36
2955 msgid "restart_syscall - restart a system call after interruption by a stop signal"
2959 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:38
2960 msgid "B<int restart_syscall(void);>"
2964 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:41
2965 msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
2969 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:53
2971 "The B<restart_syscall>() system call is used to restart certain system "
2972 "calls after a process that was stopped by a signal (e.g., B<SIGSTOP> or "
2973 "B<SIGTSTP>) is later resumed after receiving a B<SIGCONT> signal. This "
2974 "system call is designed only for internal use by the kernel."
2977 #. These system calls correspond to the special internal errno value
2978 #. ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK. Each of the system calls has a "restart"
2979 #. helper function that is invoked by restart_syscall().
2981 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:84
2983 "B<restart_syscall>() is used for restarting only those system calls that, "
2984 "when restarted, should adjust their time-related parameters\\(emnamely "
2985 "B<poll>(2) (since Linux 2.6.24), B<nanosleep>(2) (since Linux 2.6), "
2986 "B<clock_nanosleep>(2) (since Linux 2.6), and B<futex>(2), when employed "
2987 "with the B<FUTEX_WAIT> (since Linux 2.6.22) and B<FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET> (since "
2988 "Linux 2.6.31) operations. B<restart_syscall>() restarts the interrupted "
2989 "system call with a time argument that is suitably adjusted to account for "
2990 "the time that has already elapsed (including the time where the process was "
2991 "stopped by a signal). Without the B<restart_syscall>() mechanism, "
2992 "restarting these system calls would not correctly deduce the already elapsed "
2993 "time when the process continued execution."
2997 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:88
2999 "The return value of B<restart_syscall>() is the return value of whatever "
3000 "system call is being restarted."
3004 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:92
3006 "I<errno> is set as per the errors for whatever system call is being "
3007 "restarted by B<restart_syscall>()."
3011 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:96
3012 msgid "The B<restart_syscall>() system call is present since Linux 2.6."
3016 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:98
3017 msgid "This system call is Linux specific."
3021 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:102
3023 "There is no glibc wrapper for this system call, because it is intended for "
3024 "use only by the kernel and should never be called by applications."
3029 #. There is one oddness in the implementation though, with respect to
3030 #. nanosleep() (and probably also clock_nanosleep()). The scenario
3032 #. 1. Start a nanosleep() for (say) 30 seconds,
3033 #. 2. Stop the process with (say) SIGTSTP (^Z).
3034 #. 3. Resume the process with SIGCONT,
3035 #. 4. Upon return, the 'rem' argument of nanosleep() will contain the
3036 #. remaining unslept time **at the time when SIGTSTP was delivered**.
3037 #. The behavior at point 4 is odd, but doesn't violate the standards, which
3038 #. specify the treatment of 'rem' only when the system call returns with
3039 #. the error EINTR (i.e., the call was interrupted by a signal handler).
3041 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:123
3043 "From user space, the operation of B<restart_syscall>(2) is largely "
3044 "invisible: to the process that made the system call that is restarted, it "
3045 "appears as though that system call executed and returned in the usual "
3049 #. FIXME select(2) should probably get the restart_syscall() treatment:
3050 #. If a select() call is suspended by stop-sig+SIGCONT, the time
3051 #. spent suspended is *not* deducted when the select() is restarted.
3052 #. FIXME: check whether recvmmsg() handles stop-sig+SIGCONT properly.
3054 #: build/C/man2/restart_syscall.2:131
3055 msgid "B<sigreturn>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(7)"
3059 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:25
3061 msgid "RT_SIGQUEUEINFO"
3065 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:25 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:26 build/C/man2/tkill.2:29
3071 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:28
3072 msgid "rt_sigqueueinfo, rt_tgsigqueueinfo - queue a signal and data"
3076 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:31
3079 "B<int rt_sigqueueinfo(pid_t >I<tgid>B<, int >I<sig>B<, siginfo_t "
3084 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:34
3087 "B<int rt_tgsigqueueinfo(pid_t >I<tgid>B<, pid_t >I<tid>B<, int >I<sig>B<,>\n"
3088 "B< siginfo_t *>I<uinfo>B<);>\n"
3092 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:38 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:36 build/C/man2/tkill.2:41
3093 msgid "I<Note>: There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES."
3097 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:50
3099 "The B<rt_sigqueueinfo>() and B<rt_tgsigqueueinfo>() system calls are the "
3100 "low-level interfaces used to send a signal plus data to a process or "
3101 "thread. The receiver of the signal can obtain the accompanying data by "
3102 "establishing a signal handler with the B<sigaction>(2) B<SA_SIGINFO> flag."
3106 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:56
3108 "These system calls are not intended for direct application use; they are "
3109 "provided to allow the implementation of B<sigqueue>(3) and "
3110 "B<pthread_sigqueue>(3)."
3114 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:68
3116 "The B<rt_sigqueueinfo>() system call sends the signal I<sig> to the thread "
3117 "group with the ID I<tgid>. (The term \"thread group\" is synonymous with "
3118 "\"process\", and I<tid> corresponds to the traditional UNIX process ID.) "
3119 "The signal will be delivered to an arbitrary member of the thread group "
3120 "(i.e., one of the threads that is not currently blocking the signal)."
3124 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:79
3126 "The I<uinfo> argument specifies the data to accompany the signal. This "
3127 "argument is a pointer to a structure of type I<siginfo_t>, described in "
3128 "B<sigaction>(2) (and defined by including I<E<lt>sigaction.hE<gt>>). The "
3129 "caller should set the following fields in this structure:"
3133 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:79 build/C/man7/sigevent.7:88 build/C/man2/wait.2:316
3140 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:95
3142 "This must be one of the B<SI_*> codes in the Linux kernel source file "
3143 "I<include/asm-generic/siginfo.h>, with the restriction that the code must be "
3144 "negative (i.e., cannot be B<SI_USER>, which is used by the kernel to "
3145 "indicate a signal sent by B<kill>(2)) and cannot (since Linux 2.6.39) be "
3146 "B<SI_TKILL> (which is used by the kernel to indicate a signal sent using "
3151 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:95 build/C/man2/wait.2:295
3157 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:99
3158 msgid "This should be set to a process ID, typically the process ID of the sender."
3162 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:99 build/C/man2/wait.2:298
3168 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:103
3169 msgid "This should be set to a user ID, typically the real user ID of the sender."
3173 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:103 build/C/man7/sigevent.7:96
3179 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:110
3181 "This field contains the user data to accompany the signal. For more "
3182 "information, see the description of the last (I<union sigval>) argument of "
3187 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:117
3189 "Internally, the kernel sets the I<si_signo> field to the value specified in "
3190 "I<sig>, so that the receiver of the signal can also obtain the signal number "
3195 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:129
3197 "The B<rt_tgsigqueueinfo>() system call is like B<rt_sigqueueinfo>(), but "
3198 "sends the signal and data to the single thread specified by the combination "
3199 "of I<tgid>, a thread group ID, and I<tid>, a thread in that thread group."
3203 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:134
3205 "On success, these system calls return 0. On error, they return -1 and "
3206 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
3210 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:135 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:92 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:115 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:176
3216 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:141 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:98
3218 "The limit of signals which may be queued has been reached. (See "
3219 "B<signal>(7) for further information.)"
3223 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:148
3224 msgid "I<sig>, I<tgid>, or I<tid> was invalid."
3228 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:156
3230 "The caller does not have permission to send the signal to the target. For "
3231 "the required permissions, see B<kill>(2). Or: I<uinfo-E<gt>si_code> is "
3236 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:162
3237 msgid "B<rt_sigqueueinfo>(): No thread group matching I<tgid> was found."
3241 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:169
3242 msgid "B<rt_tgsigqueinfo>(): No thread matching I<tgid> and I<tid> was found."
3246 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:176
3248 "The B<rt_sigqueueinfo>() system call was added to Linux in version 2.2. "
3249 "The B<rt_tgsigqueueinfo>() system call was added to Linux in version "
3254 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:178 build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:68 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:373
3255 msgid "These system calls are Linux-specific."
3259 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:183
3261 "Since these system calls are not intended for application use, there are no "
3262 "glibc wrapper functions; use B<syscall>(2) in the unlikely case that you "
3263 "want to call them directly."
3267 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:188
3269 "As with B<kill>(2), the null signal (0) can be used to check if the "
3270 "specified process or thread exists."
3274 #: build/C/man2/rt_sigqueueinfo.2:196
3276 "B<kill>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<sigprocmask>(2), B<tgkill>(2), "
3277 "B<pthread_sigqueue>(3), B<sigqueue>(3), B<signal>(7)"
3281 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:25
3283 msgid "S390_RUNTIME_INSTR"
3287 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:25
3293 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:28
3294 msgid "s390_runtime_instr - enable/disable s390 CPU run-time instrumentation"
3298 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:31
3300 msgid "B<#include E<lt>asm/runtime_instr.hE<gt>>\n"
3304 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:33
3306 msgid "B<int s390_runtime_instr(int >I<command>B<, int >I<signum>B<);>\n"
3310 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:39
3312 "The B<s390_runtime_instr>() system call starts or stops CPU run-time "
3313 "instrumentation for the calling thread."
3317 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:47
3319 "The I<command> argument controls whether run-time instrumentation is started "
3320 "(B<S390_RUNTIME_INSTR_START>, 1) or stopped (B<S390_RUNTIME_INSTR_STOP>, 2) "
3321 "for the calling thread."
3325 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:54
3327 "The I<signum> argument specifies the number of a real-time signal. The "
3328 "real-time signal is sent to the thread if the run-time instrumentation "
3329 "buffer is full or if the run-time-instrumentation-halted interrupt occurred."
3333 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:65
3335 "On success, B<s390_runtime_instr>() returns 0 and enables the thread for "
3336 "run-time instrumentation by assigning the thread a default run-time "
3337 "instrumentation control block. The caller can then read and modify the "
3338 "control block and start the run-time instrumentation. On error, -1 is "
3339 "returned and I<errno> is set to one of the error codes listed below."
3343 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:73
3345 "The value specified in I<command> is not a valid command or the value "
3346 "specified in I<signum> is not a real-time signal number."
3350 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:76
3351 msgid "Allocating memory for the run-time instrumentation control block failed."
3355 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:76
3357 msgid "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
3361 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:79
3362 msgid "The run-time instrumentation facility is not available."
3366 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:81
3367 msgid "This system call is available since Linux 3.7."
3371 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:84
3373 "This Linux-specific system call is available only on the s390 architecture. "
3374 "The run-time instrumentation facility is available beginning with System z "
3379 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:88
3381 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call, use B<syscall>(2) to "
3386 #: build/C/man2/s390_runtime_instr.2:91
3387 msgid "B<syscall>(2), B<signal>(7)"
3391 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:26
3397 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:29
3398 msgid "sgetmask, ssetmask - manipulation of signal mask (obsolete)"
3402 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:31
3403 msgid "B<long sgetmask(void);>"
3407 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:33
3408 msgid "B<long ssetmask(long >I<newmask>B<);>"
3412 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:42
3414 "These system calls are obsolete. I<Do not use them>; use B<sigprocmask>(2) "
3419 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:45
3420 msgid "B<sgetmask>() returns the signal mask of the calling process."
3424 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:50
3426 "B<ssetmask>() sets the signal mask of the calling process to the value "
3427 "given in I<newmask>. The previous signal mask is returned."
3431 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:59
3433 "The signal masks dealt with by these two system calls are plain bit masks "
3434 "(unlike the I<sigset_t> used by B<sigprocmask>(2)); use B<sigmask>(3) to "
3435 "create and inspect these masks."
3439 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:64
3441 "B<sgetmask>() always successfully returns the signal mask. B<ssetmask>() "
3442 "always succeeds, and returns the previous signal mask."
3446 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:66
3447 msgid "These system calls always succeed."
3451 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:72
3453 "Glibc does not provide wrappers for these obsolete system calls; in the "
3454 "unlikely event that you want to call them, use B<syscall>(2)."
3458 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:75
3460 "These system calls are unaware of signal numbers greater than 31 (i.e., "
3461 "real-time signals)."
3465 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:80
3466 msgid "It is not possible to block B<SIGSTOP> or B<SIGKILL>."
3470 #: build/C/man2/sgetmask.2:83
3471 msgid "B<sigprocmask>(2), B<signal>(7)"
3475 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:47
3481 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:50
3482 msgid "sigaction - examine and change a signal action"
3486 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:56
3489 "B<int sigaction(int >I<signum>B<, const struct sigaction *>I<act>B<,>\n"
3490 "B< struct sigaction *>I<oldact>B<);>\n"
3494 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:66
3496 "B<sigaction>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || "
3501 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:69
3502 msgid "I<siginfo_t>: _POSIX_C_SOURCE E<gt>= 199309L"
3506 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:78
3508 "The B<sigaction>() system call is used to change the action taken by a "
3509 "process on receipt of a specific signal. (See B<signal>(7) for an overview "
3514 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:84
3516 "I<signum> specifies the signal and can be any valid signal except B<SIGKILL> "
3521 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:95
3523 "If I<act> is non-NULL, the new action for signal I<signum> is installed from "
3524 "I<act>. If I<oldact> is non-NULL, the previous action is saved in "
3529 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:99
3530 msgid "The I<sigaction> structure is defined as something like:"
3534 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:109
3537 "struct sigaction {\n"
3538 " void (*sa_handler)(int);\n"
3539 " void (*sa_sigaction)(int, siginfo_t *, void *);\n"
3540 " sigset_t sa_mask;\n"
3542 " void (*sa_restorer)(void);\n"
3547 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:116
3549 "On some architectures a union is involved: do not assign to both "
3550 "I<sa_handler> and I<sa_sigaction>."
3554 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:123
3556 "The I<sa_restorer> element is obsolete and should not be used. POSIX does "
3557 "not specify a I<sa_restorer> element."
3561 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:133
3563 "I<sa_handler> specifies the action to be associated with I<signum> and may "
3564 "be B<SIG_DFL> for the default action, B<SIG_IGN> to ignore this signal, or a "
3565 "pointer to a signal handling function. This function receives the signal "
3566 "number as its only argument."
3570 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:155
3572 "If B<SA_SIGINFO> is specified in I<sa_flags>, then I<sa_sigaction> (instead "
3573 "of I<sa_handler>) specifies the signal-handling function for I<signum>. "
3574 "This function receives the signal number as its first argument, a pointer to "
3575 "a I<siginfo_t> as its second argument and a pointer to a I<ucontext_t> (cast "
3576 "to I<void\\ *>) as its third argument. (Commonly, the handler function "
3577 "doesn't make any use of the third argument. See B<getcontext>(3) for "
3578 "further information about I<ucontext_t>.)"
3582 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:165
3584 "I<sa_mask> specifies a mask of signals which should be blocked (i.e., added "
3585 "to the signal mask of the thread in which the signal handler is invoked) "
3586 "during execution of the signal handler. In addition, the signal which "
3587 "triggered the handler will be blocked, unless the B<SA_NODEFER> flag is "
3592 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:169
3594 "I<sa_flags> specifies a set of flags which modify the behavior of the "
3595 "signal. It is formed by the bitwise OR of zero or more of the following:"
3599 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:170
3601 msgid "B<SA_NOCLDSTOP>"
3605 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:187
3607 "If I<signum> is B<SIGCHLD>, do not receive notification when child processes "
3608 "stop (i.e., when they receive one of B<SIGSTOP>, B<SIGTSTP>, B<SIGTTIN> or "
3609 "B<SIGTTOU>) or resume (i.e., they receive B<SIGCONT>) (see B<wait>(2)). "
3610 "This flag is meaningful only when establishing a handler for B<SIGCHLD>."
3614 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:187
3616 msgid "B<SA_NOCLDWAIT> (since Linux 2.6)"
3619 #. To be precise: Linux 2.5.60 -- MTK
3621 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:201
3623 "If I<signum> is B<SIGCHLD>, do not transform children into zombies when they "
3624 "terminate. See also B<waitpid>(2). This flag is meaningful only when "
3625 "establishing a handler for B<SIGCHLD>, or when setting that signal's "
3626 "disposition to B<SIG_DFL>."
3630 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:213
3632 "If the B<SA_NOCLDWAIT> flag is set when establishing a handler for "
3633 "B<SIGCHLD>, POSIX.1 leaves it unspecified whether a B<SIGCHLD> signal is "
3634 "generated when a child process terminates. On Linux, a B<SIGCHLD> signal is "
3635 "generated in this case; on some other implementations, it is not."
3639 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:213
3641 msgid "B<SA_NODEFER>"
3645 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:220
3647 "Do not prevent the signal from being received from within its own signal "
3648 "handler. This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler. "
3649 "B<SA_NOMASK> is an obsolete, nonstandard synonym for this flag."
3653 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:220
3655 msgid "B<SA_ONSTACK>"
3659 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:226
3661 "Call the signal handler on an alternate signal stack provided by "
3662 "B<sigaltstack>(2). If an alternate stack is not available, the default "
3663 "stack will be used. This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal "
3668 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:226
3670 msgid "B<SA_RESETHAND>"
3674 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:232
3676 "Restore the signal action to the default upon entry to the signal handler. "
3677 "This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler. "
3678 "B<SA_ONESHOT> is an obsolete, nonstandard synonym for this flag."
3682 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:232
3684 msgid "B<SA_RESTART>"
3688 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:240
3690 "Provide behavior compatible with BSD signal semantics by making certain "
3691 "system calls restartable across signals. This flag is meaningful only when "
3692 "establishing a signal handler. See B<signal>(7) for a discussion of system "
3697 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:240
3699 msgid "B<SA_SIGINFO> (since Linux 2.2)"
3704 #. field was added in Linux 2.1.86.)
3706 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:251
3708 "The signal handler takes three arguments, not one. In this case, "
3709 "I<sa_sigaction> should be set instead of I<sa_handler>. This flag is "
3710 "meaningful only when establishing a signal handler."
3714 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:258
3716 "The I<siginfo_t> argument to I<sa_sigaction> is a struct with the following "
3721 #. si_trapno seems to be only used on SPARC and Alpha;
3722 #. this page could use a little more detail on its purpose there.
3723 #. In the kernel: si_tid
3725 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:289
3729 " int si_signo; /* Signal number */\n"
3730 " int si_errno; /* An errno value */\n"
3731 " int si_code; /* Signal code */\n"
3732 " int si_trapno; /* Trap number that caused\n"
3733 " hardware-generated signal\n"
3734 " (unused on most architectures) */\n"
3735 " pid_t si_pid; /* Sending process ID */\n"
3736 " uid_t si_uid; /* Real user ID of sending process */\n"
3737 " int si_status; /* Exit value or signal */\n"
3738 " clock_t si_utime; /* User time consumed */\n"
3739 " clock_t si_stime; /* System time consumed */\n"
3740 " sigval_t si_value; /* Signal value */\n"
3741 " int si_int; /* POSIX.1b signal */\n"
3742 " void *si_ptr; /* POSIX.1b signal */\n"
3743 " int si_overrun; /* Timer overrun count; POSIX.1b timers */\n"
3744 " int si_timerid; /* Timer ID; POSIX.1b timers */\n"
3745 " void *si_addr; /* Memory location which caused fault */\n"
3746 " long si_band; /* Band event (was I<int> in\n"
3747 " glibc 2.3.2 and earlier) */\n"
3748 " int si_fd; /* File descriptor */\n"
3749 " short si_addr_lsb; /* Least significant bit of address\n"
3750 " (since Linux 2.6.32) */\n"
3755 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:298
3757 "I<si_signo>, I<si_errno> and I<si_code> are defined for all signals. "
3758 "(I<si_errno> is generally unused on Linux.) The rest of the struct may be a "
3759 "union, so that one should read only the fields that are meaningful for the "
3764 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:313
3766 "Signals sent with B<kill>(2) and B<sigqueue>(3) fill in I<si_pid> and "
3767 "I<si_uid>. In addition, signals sent with B<sigqueue>(3) fill in I<si_int> "
3768 "and I<si_ptr> with the values specified by the sender of the signal; see "
3769 "B<sigqueue>(3) for more details."
3773 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:329
3775 "Signals sent by POSIX.1b timers (since Linux 2.6) fill in I<si_overrun> and "
3776 "I<si_timerid>. The I<si_timerid> field is an internal ID used by the kernel "
3777 "to identify the timer; it is not the same as the timer ID returned by "
3778 "B<timer_create>(2). The I<si_overrun> field is the timer overrun count; "
3779 "this is the same information as is obtained by a call to "
3780 "B<timer_getoverrun>(2). These fields are nonstandard Linux extensions."
3784 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:344
3786 "Signals sent for message queue notification (see the description of "
3787 "B<SIGEV_SIGNAL> in B<mq_notify>(3)) fill in I<si_int>/I<si_ptr>, with the "
3788 "I<sigev_value> supplied to B<mq_notify>(3); I<si_pid>, with the process ID "
3789 "of the message sender; and I<si_uid>, with the real user ID of the message "
3794 #. When si_utime and si_stime where originally implemented, the
3795 #. measurement unit was HZ, which was the same as clock ticks
3796 #. (sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)). In 2.6, HZ became configurable, and
3797 #. was *still* used as the unit to return the info these fields,
3798 #. with the result that the field values depended on the the
3799 #. configured HZ. Of course, the should have been measured in
3800 #. USER_HZ instead, so that sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) could be used to
3801 #. convert to seconds. I have a queued patch to fix this:
3802 #. http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/698061/ .
3803 #. This patch made it into 2.6.27.
3804 #. But note that these fields still don't return the times of
3805 #. waited-for children (as is done by getrusage() and times()
3806 #. and wait4()). Solaris 8 does include child times.
3808 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:391
3810 "B<SIGCHLD> fills in I<si_pid>, I<si_uid>, I<si_status>, I<si_utime> and "
3811 "I<si_stime>, providing information about the child. The I<si_pid> field is "
3812 "the process ID of the child; I<si_uid> is the child's real user ID. The "
3813 "I<si_status> field contains the exit status of the child (if I<si_code> is "
3814 "B<CLD_EXITED>), or the signal number that caused the process to change "
3815 "state. The I<si_utime> and I<si_stime> contain the user and system CPU time "
3816 "used by the child process; these fields do not include the times used by "
3817 "waited-for children (unlike B<getrusage>(2) and B<time>(2)). In kernels up "
3818 "to 2.6, and since 2.6.27, these fields report CPU time in units of "
3819 "I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>. In 2.6 kernels before 2.6.27, a bug meant that "
3820 "these fields reported time in units of the (configurable) system jiffy (see "
3824 #. FIXME SIGTRAP also sets the following for ptrace_notify() ?
3825 #. info.si_code = exit_code;
3826 #. info.si_pid = task_pid_vnr(current);
3827 #. info.si_uid = current_uid(); /* Real UID */
3829 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:427
3831 "B<SIGILL>, B<SIGFPE>, B<SIGSEGV>, B<SIGBUS>, and B<SIGTRAP> fill in "
3832 "I<si_addr> with the address of the fault. On some architectures, these "
3833 "signals also fill in the I<si_trapno> field. Some suberrors of B<SIGBUS>, "
3834 "in particular B<BUS_MCEERR_AO> and B<BUS_MCEERR_AR>, also fill in "
3835 "I<si_addr_lsb>. This field indicates the least significant bit of the "
3836 "reported address and therefore the extent of the corruption. For example, "
3837 "if a full page was corrupted, I<si_addr_lsb> contains "
3838 "I<log2(sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE))>. B<BUS_MCERR_*> and I<si_addr_lsb> are "
3839 "Linux-specific extensions."
3843 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:441
3845 "B<SIGIO>/B<SIGPOLL> (the two names are synonyms on Linux) fills in "
3846 "I<si_band> and I<si_fd>. The I<si_band> event is a bit mask containing the "
3847 "same values as are filled in the I<revents> field by B<poll>(2). The "
3848 "I<si_fd> field indicates the file descriptor for which the I/O event "
3853 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:448
3855 "I<si_code> is a value (not a bit mask) indicating why this signal was "
3856 "sent. The following list shows the values which can be placed in I<si_code> "
3857 "for any signal, along with reason that the signal was generated."
3861 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:449
3867 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:452 build/C/man7/signal.7:111
3873 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:452
3875 msgid "B<SI_KERNEL>"
3879 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:455
3880 msgid "Sent by the kernel."
3884 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:455
3890 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:458 build/C/man7/signal.7:128
3892 msgid "B<sigqueue>(3)"
3896 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:458
3902 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:461
3903 msgid "POSIX timer expired"
3907 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:461
3913 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:465
3914 msgid "POSIX message queue state changed (since Linux 2.6.6); see B<mq_notify>(3)"
3918 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:465
3920 msgid "B<SI_ASYNCIO>"
3924 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:468
3925 msgid "AIO completed"
3929 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:468
3935 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:477
3937 "Queued B<SIGIO> (only in kernels up to Linux 2.2; from Linux 2.4 onward "
3938 "B<SIGIO>/B<SIGPOLL> fills in I<si_code> as described below)."
3942 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:477
3947 #. SI_DETHREAD is defined in 2.6.9 sources, but isn't implemented
3948 #. It appears to have been an idea that was tried during 2.5.6
3949 #. through to 2.5.24 and then was backed out.
3951 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:486
3952 msgid "B<tkill>(2) or B<tgkill>(2) (since Linux 2.4.19)"
3956 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:493
3957 msgid "The following values can be placed in I<si_code> for a B<SIGILL> signal:"
3961 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:494
3963 msgid "B<ILL_ILLOPC>"
3967 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:497
3968 msgid "illegal opcode"
3972 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:497
3974 msgid "B<ILL_ILLOPN>"
3978 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:500
3979 msgid "illegal operand"
3983 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:500
3985 msgid "B<ILL_ILLADR>"
3989 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:503
3990 msgid "illegal addressing mode"
3994 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:503
3996 msgid "B<ILL_ILLTRP>"
4000 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:506
4001 msgid "illegal trap"
4005 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:506
4007 msgid "B<ILL_PRVOPC>"
4011 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:509
4012 msgid "privileged opcode"
4016 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:509
4018 msgid "B<ILL_PRVREG>"
4022 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:512
4023 msgid "privileged register"
4027 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:512
4029 msgid "B<ILL_COPROC>"
4033 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:515
4034 msgid "coprocessor error"
4038 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:515
4040 msgid "B<ILL_BADSTK>"
4044 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:518
4045 msgid "internal stack error"
4049 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:525
4050 msgid "The following values can be placed in I<si_code> for a B<SIGFPE> signal:"
4054 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:526
4056 msgid "B<FPE_INTDIV>"
4060 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:529
4061 msgid "integer divide by zero"
4065 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:529
4067 msgid "B<FPE_INTOVF>"
4071 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:532
4072 msgid "integer overflow"
4076 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:532
4078 msgid "B<FPE_FLTDIV>"
4082 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:535
4083 msgid "floating-point divide by zero"
4087 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:535
4089 msgid "B<FPE_FLTOVF>"
4093 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:538
4094 msgid "floating-point overflow"
4098 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:538
4100 msgid "B<FPE_FLTUND>"
4104 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:541
4105 msgid "floating-point underflow"
4109 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:541
4111 msgid "B<FPE_FLTRES>"
4115 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:544
4116 msgid "floating-point inexact result"
4120 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:544
4122 msgid "B<FPE_FLTINV>"
4126 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:547
4127 msgid "floating-point invalid operation"
4131 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:547
4133 msgid "B<FPE_FLTSUB>"
4137 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:550
4138 msgid "subscript out of range"
4142 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:557
4143 msgid "The following values can be placed in I<si_code> for a B<SIGSEGV> signal:"
4147 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:558
4149 msgid "B<SEGV_MAPERR>"
4153 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:561
4154 msgid "address not mapped to object"
4158 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:561
4160 msgid "B<SEGV_ACCERR>"
4164 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:564
4165 msgid "invalid permissions for mapped object"
4169 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:571
4170 msgid "The following values can be placed in I<si_code> for a B<SIGBUS> signal:"
4174 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:572
4176 msgid "B<BUS_ADRALN>"
4180 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:575
4181 msgid "invalid address alignment"
4185 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:575
4187 msgid "B<BUS_ADRERR>"
4191 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:578
4192 msgid "nonexistent physical address"
4196 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:578
4198 msgid "B<BUS_OBJERR>"
4202 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:581
4203 msgid "object-specific hardware error"
4207 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:581
4209 msgid "B<BUS_MCEERR_AR> (since Linux 2.6.32)"
4213 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:584
4214 msgid "Hardware memory error consumed on a machine check; action required."
4218 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:584
4220 msgid "B<BUS_MCEERR_AO> (since Linux 2.6.32)"
4224 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:587
4225 msgid "Hardware memory error detected in process but not consumed; action optional."
4229 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:594
4230 msgid "The following values can be placed in I<si_code> for a B<SIGTRAP> signal:"
4234 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:595
4236 msgid "B<TRAP_BRKPT>"
4240 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:598
4241 msgid "process breakpoint"
4245 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:598
4247 msgid "B<TRAP_TRACE>"
4251 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:601
4252 msgid "process trace trap"
4256 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:601
4258 msgid "B<TRAP_BRANCH> (since Linux 2.4)"
4262 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:604
4263 msgid "process taken branch trap"
4267 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:604
4269 msgid "B<TRAP_HWBKPT> (since Linux 2.4)"
4273 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:607
4274 msgid "hardware breakpoint/watchpoint"
4278 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:614
4279 msgid "The following values can be placed in I<si_code> for a B<SIGCHLD> signal:"
4283 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:615
4285 msgid "B<CLD_EXITED>"
4289 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:618
4290 msgid "child has exited"
4294 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:618
4296 msgid "B<CLD_KILLED>"
4300 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:621
4301 msgid "child was killed"
4305 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:621
4307 msgid "B<CLD_DUMPED>"
4311 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:624
4312 msgid "child terminated abnormally"
4316 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:624
4318 msgid "B<CLD_TRAPPED>"
4322 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:627
4323 msgid "traced child has trapped"
4327 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:627
4329 msgid "B<CLD_STOPPED>"
4333 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:630
4334 msgid "child has stopped"
4338 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:630
4340 msgid "B<CLD_CONTINUED>"
4344 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:633
4345 msgid "stopped child has continued (since Linux 2.6.9)"
4349 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:640
4351 "The following values can be placed in I<si_code> for a B<SIGIO>/B<SIGPOLL> "
4356 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:641
4362 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:644
4363 msgid "data input available"
4367 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:644
4373 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:647
4374 msgid "output buffers available"
4378 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:647
4384 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:650
4385 msgid "input message available"
4389 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:650
4395 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:653
4400 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:653
4406 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:656
4407 msgid "high priority input available"
4411 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:656
4417 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:659
4418 msgid "device disconnected"
4422 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:665
4424 "B<sigaction>() returns 0 on success; on error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> "
4425 "is set to indicate the error."
4429 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:670
4431 "I<act> or I<oldact> points to memory which is not a valid part of the "
4432 "process address space."
4436 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:677
4438 "An invalid signal was specified. This will also be generated if an attempt "
4439 "is made to change the action for B<SIGKILL> or B<SIGSTOP>, which cannot be "
4440 "caught or ignored."
4443 #. SVr4 does not document the EINTR condition.
4445 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:680
4446 msgid "POSIX.1-2001, SVr4."
4450 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:688 build/C/man7/signal.7:105
4452 "A child created via B<fork>(2) inherits a copy of its parent's signal "
4453 "dispositions. During an B<execve>(2), the dispositions of handled signals "
4454 "are reset to the default; the dispositions of ignored signals are left "
4459 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:706 build/C/man2/signal.2:134
4461 "According to POSIX, the behavior of a process is undefined after it ignores "
4462 "a B<SIGFPE>, B<SIGILL>, or B<SIGSEGV> signal that was not generated by "
4463 "B<kill>(2) or B<raise>(3). Integer division by zero has undefined result. "
4464 "On some architectures it will generate a B<SIGFPE> signal. (Also dividing "
4465 "the most negative integer by -1 may generate B<SIGFPE>.) Ignoring this "
4466 "signal might lead to an endless loop."
4470 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:723
4472 "POSIX.1-1990 disallowed setting the action for B<SIGCHLD> to B<SIG_IGN>. "
4473 "POSIX.1-2001 allows this possibility, so that ignoring B<SIGCHLD> can be "
4474 "used to prevent the creation of zombies (see B<wait>(2)). Nevertheless, the "
4475 "historical BSD and System V behaviors for ignoring B<SIGCHLD> differ, so "
4476 "that the only completely portable method of ensuring that terminated "
4477 "children do not become zombies is to catch the B<SIGCHLD> signal and perform "
4478 "a B<wait>(2) or similar."
4482 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:736
4484 "POSIX.1-1990 specified only B<SA_NOCLDSTOP>. POSIX.1-2001 added "
4485 "B<SA_NOCLDWAIT>, B<SA_RESETHAND>, B<SA_NODEFER>, and B<SA_SIGINFO>. Use of "
4486 "these latter values in I<sa_flags> may be less portable in applications "
4487 "intended for older UNIX implementations."
4491 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:740
4492 msgid "The B<SA_RESETHAND> flag is compatible with the SVr4 flag of the same name."
4496 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:750
4498 "The B<SA_NODEFER> flag is compatible with the SVr4 flag of the same name "
4499 "under kernels 1.3.9 and newer. On older kernels the Linux implementation "
4500 "allowed the receipt of any signal, not just the one we are installing "
4501 "(effectively overriding any I<sa_mask> settings)."
4505 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:756
4507 "B<sigaction>() can be called with a NULL second argument to query the "
4508 "current signal handler. It can also be used to check whether a given signal "
4509 "is valid for the current machine by calling it with NULL second and third "
4514 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:762
4516 "It is not possible to block B<SIGKILL> or B<SIGSTOP> (by specifying them in "
4517 "I<sa_mask>). Attempts to do so are silently ignored."
4521 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:766 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:70 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:144 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:108
4522 msgid "See B<sigsetops>(3) for details on manipulating signal sets."
4526 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:771
4528 "See B<signal>(7) for a list of the async-signal-safe functions that can be "
4529 "safely called inside from inside a signal handler."
4533 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:771
4535 msgid "Undocumented"
4539 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:781
4541 "Before the introduction of B<SA_SIGINFO> it was also possible to get some "
4542 "additional information, namely by using a I<sa_handler> with second argument "
4543 "of type I<struct sigcontext>. See the relevant Linux kernel sources for "
4544 "details. This use is obsolete now."
4548 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:790
4550 "In kernels up to and including 2.6.13, specifying B<SA_NODEFER> in "
4551 "I<sa_flags> prevents not only the delivered signal from being masked during "
4552 "execution of the handler, but also the signals specified in I<sa_mask>. "
4553 "This bug was fixed in kernel 2.6.14."
4557 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:793
4558 msgid "See B<mprotect>(2)."
4562 #: build/C/man2/sigaction.2:813
4564 "B<kill>(1), B<kill>(2), B<killpg>(2), B<pause>(2), B<restart_syscall>(2), "
4565 "B<sigaltstack>(2), B<signal>(2), B<signalfd>(2), B<sigpending>(2), "
4566 "B<sigprocmask>(2), B<sigsuspend>(2), B<wait>(2), B<raise>(3), "
4567 "B<siginterrupt>(3), B<sigqueue>(3), B<sigsetops>(3), B<sigvec>(3), "
4568 "B<core>(5), B<signal>(7)"
4572 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:27
4578 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:27
4584 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:30
4585 msgid "sigaltstack - set and/or get signal stack context"
4589 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:34
4590 msgid "B<int sigaltstack(const stack_t *>I<ss>B<, stack_t *>I<oss>B<);>"
4594 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:41
4595 msgid "B<sigaltstack>():"
4599 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:48 build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:53 build/C/man2/wait.2:80
4600 msgid "|| /* Since glibc 2.12: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 200809L"
4604 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:60
4606 "B<sigaltstack>() allows a process to define a new alternate signal stack "
4607 "and/or retrieve the state of an existing alternate signal stack. An "
4608 "alternate signal stack is used during the execution of a signal handler if "
4609 "the establishment of that handler (see B<sigaction>(2)) requested it."
4613 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:63
4615 "The normal sequence of events for using an alternate signal stack is the "
4620 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:63 build/C/man7/signal.7:387
4626 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:67
4627 msgid "Allocate an area of memory to be used for the alternate signal stack."
4631 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:67 build/C/man7/signal.7:391
4637 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:73
4639 "Use B<sigaltstack>() to inform the system of the existence and location of "
4640 "the alternate signal stack."
4644 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:73 build/C/man7/signal.7:411
4650 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:80
4652 "When establishing a signal handler using B<sigaction>(2), inform the system "
4653 "that the signal handler should be executed on the alternate signal stack by "
4654 "specifying the B<SA_ONSTACK> flag."
4658 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:88
4660 "The I<ss> argument is used to specify a new alternate signal stack, while "
4661 "the I<oss> argument is used to retrieve information about the currently "
4662 "established signal stack. If we are interested in performing just one of "
4663 "these tasks then the other argument can be specified as NULL. Each of these "
4664 "arguments is a structure of the following type:"
4668 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:96
4671 "typedef struct {\n"
4672 " void *ss_sp; /* Base address of stack */\n"
4673 " int ss_flags; /* Flags */\n"
4674 " size_t ss_size; /* Number of bytes in stack */\n"
4679 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:107
4681 "To establish a new alternate signal stack, I<ss.ss_flags> is set to zero, "
4682 "and I<ss.ss_sp> and I<ss.ss_size> specify the starting address and size of "
4683 "the stack. The constant B<SIGSTKSZ> is defined to be large enough to cover "
4684 "the usual size requirements for an alternate signal stack, and the constant "
4685 "B<MINSIGSTKSZ> defines the minimum size required to execute a signal "
4690 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:111
4692 "When a signal handler is invoked on the alternate stack, the kernel "
4693 "automatically aligns the address given in I<ss.ss_sp> to a suitable address "
4694 "boundary for the underlying hardware architecture."
4698 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:116
4700 "To disable an existing stack, specify I<ss.ss_flags> as B<SS_DISABLE>. In "
4701 "this case, the remaining fields in I<ss> are ignored."
4705 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:124
4707 "If I<oss> is not NULL, then it is used to return information about the "
4708 "alternate signal stack which was in effect prior to the call to "
4709 "B<sigaltstack>(). The I<oss.ss_sp> and I<oss.ss_size> fields return the "
4710 "starting address and size of that stack. The I<oss.ss_flags> may return "
4711 "either of the following values:"
4715 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:124
4717 msgid "B<SS_ONSTACK>"
4721 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:130
4723 "The process is currently executing on the alternate signal stack. (Note "
4724 "that it is not possible to change the alternate signal stack if the process "
4725 "is currently executing on it.)"
4729 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:130
4731 msgid "B<SS_DISABLE>"
4735 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:133
4736 msgid "The alternate signal stack is currently disabled."
4740 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:137
4742 "B<sigaltstack>() returns 0 on success, or -1 on failure with I<errno> set "
4743 "to indicate the error."
4747 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:142
4749 "Either I<ss> or I<oss> is not NULL and points to an area outside of the "
4750 "process's address space."
4754 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:147
4756 "I<ss> is not NULL and the I<ss_flags> field contains a nonzero value other "
4757 "than B<SS_DISABLE>."
4761 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:151
4763 "The specified size of the new alternate signal stack (I<ss.ss_size>) was "
4764 "less than B<MINSTKSZ>."
4768 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:156
4770 "An attempt was made to change the alternate signal stack while it was active "
4771 "(i.e., the process was already executing on the current alternate signal "
4776 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:158
4777 msgid "SUSv2, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001."
4781 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:166
4783 "The most common usage of an alternate signal stack is to handle the "
4784 "B<SIGSEGV> signal that is generated if the space available for the normal "
4785 "process stack is exhausted: in this case, a signal handler for B<SIGSEGV> "
4786 "cannot be invoked on the process stack; if we wish to handle it, we must use "
4787 "an alternate signal stack."
4791 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:176
4793 "Establishing an alternate signal stack is useful if a process expects that "
4794 "it may exhaust its standard stack. This may occur, for example, because the "
4795 "stack grows so large that it encounters the upwardly growing heap, or it "
4796 "reaches a limit established by a call to B<setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim)>. "
4797 "If the standard stack is exhausted, the kernel sends the process a "
4798 "B<SIGSEGV> signal. In these circumstances the only way to catch this signal "
4799 "is on an alternate signal stack."
4803 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:182
4805 "On most hardware architectures supported by Linux, stacks grow downward. "
4806 "B<sigaltstack>() automatically takes account of the direction of stack "
4811 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:191
4813 "Functions called from a signal handler executing on an alternate signal "
4814 "stack will also use the alternate signal stack. (This also applies to any "
4815 "handlers invoked for other signals while the process is executing on the "
4816 "alternate signal stack.) Unlike the standard stack, the system does not "
4817 "automatically extend the alternate signal stack. Exceeding the allocated "
4818 "size of the alternate signal stack will lead to unpredictable results."
4822 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:199
4824 "A successful call to B<execve>(2) removes any existing alternate signal "
4825 "stack. A child process created via B<fork>(2) inherits a copy of its "
4826 "parent's alternate signal stack settings."
4830 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:208
4832 "B<sigaltstack>() supersedes the older B<sigstack>() call. For backward "
4833 "compatibility, glibc also provides B<sigstack>(). All new applications "
4834 "should be written using B<sigaltstack>()."
4838 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:208 build/C/man3/sigpause.3:61
4844 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:215
4846 "4.2BSD had a B<sigstack>() system call. It used a slightly different "
4847 "struct, and had the major disadvantage that the caller had to know the "
4848 "direction of stack growth."
4852 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:218
4853 msgid "The following code segment demonstrates the use of B<sigaltstack>():"
4857 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:222
4859 msgid "stack_t ss;\n"
4863 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:230
4866 "ss.ss_sp = malloc(SIGSTKSZ);\n"
4867 "if (ss.ss_sp == NULL)\n"
4868 " /* Handle error */;\n"
4869 "ss.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ;\n"
4870 "ss.ss_flags = 0;\n"
4871 "if (sigaltstack(&ss, NULL) == -1)\n"
4872 " /* Handle error */;\n"
4876 #: build/C/man2/sigaltstack.2:239
4878 "B<execve>(2), B<setrlimit>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<siglongjmp>(3), "
4879 "B<sigsetjmp>(3), B<signal>(7)"
4883 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:26
4889 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:26
4895 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:29
4896 msgid "sigevent - structure for notification from asynchronous routines"
4900 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:36
4903 "union sigval { /* Data passed with notification */\n"
4904 " int sival_int; /* Integer value */\n"
4905 " void *sival_ptr; /* Pointer value */\n"
4910 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:51
4913 "struct sigevent {\n"
4914 " int sigev_notify; /* Notification method */\n"
4915 " int sigev_signo; /* Notification signal */\n"
4916 " union sigval sigev_value; /* Data passed with\n"
4917 " notification */\n"
4918 " void (*sigev_notify_function) (union sigval);\n"
4919 " /* Function used for thread\n"
4920 " notification (SIGEV_THREAD) */\n"
4921 " void *sigev_notify_attributes;\n"
4922 " /* Attributes for notification thread\n"
4923 " (SIGEV_THREAD) */\n"
4924 " pid_t sigev_notify_thread_id;\n"
4925 " /* ID of thread to signal (SIGEV_THREAD_ID) */\n"
4930 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:60
4932 "The I<sigevent> structure is used by various APIs to describe the way a "
4933 "process is to be notified about an event (e.g., completion of an "
4934 "asynchronous request, expiration of a timer, or the arrival of a message)."
4938 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:68
4940 "The definition shown in the SYNOPSIS is approximate: some of the fields in "
4941 "the I<sigevent> structure may be defined as part of a union. Programs "
4942 "should employ only those fields relevant to the value specified in "
4947 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:73
4949 "The I<sigev_notify> field specifies how notification is to be performed. "
4950 "This field can have one of the following values:"
4954 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:73 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:107
4956 msgid "B<SIGEV_NONE>"
4960 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:76
4961 msgid "A \"null\" notification: don't do anything when the event occurs."
4965 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:76 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:112
4967 msgid "B<SIGEV_SIGNAL>"
4971 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:80
4972 msgid "Notify the process by sending the signal specified in I<sigev_signo>."
4976 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:87
4978 "If the signal is caught with a signal handler that was registered using the "
4979 "B<sigaction>(2) B<SA_SIGINFO> flag, then the following fields are set in "
4980 "the I<siginfo_t> structure that is passed as the second argument of the "
4985 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:92
4987 "This field is set to a value that depends on the API delivering the "
4992 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:92 build/C/man2/wait.2:302
4998 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:96
5000 "This field is set to the signal number (i.e., the same value as in "
5005 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:100
5006 msgid "This field is set to the value specified in I<sigev_value>."
5010 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:105
5012 "Depending on the API, other fields may also be set in the I<siginfo_t> "
5017 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:108
5019 "The same information is also available if the signal is accepted using "
5020 "B<sigwaitinfo>(2)."
5024 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:108 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:130
5026 msgid "B<SIGEV_THREAD>"
5030 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:125
5032 "Notify the process by invoking I<sigev_notify_function> \"as if\" it were "
5033 "the start function of a new thread. (Among the implementation possibilities "
5034 "here are that each timer notification could result in the creation of a new "
5035 "thread, or that a single thread is created to receive all notifications.) "
5036 "The function is invoked with I<sigev_value> as its sole argument. If "
5037 "I<sigev_notify_attributes> is not NULL, it should point to a "
5038 "I<pthread_attr_t> structure that defines attributes for the new thread (see "
5039 "B<pthread_attr_init>(3))."
5043 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:125 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:138
5045 msgid "B<SIGEV_THREAD_ID> (Linux-specific)"
5048 #. | SIGEV_SIGNAL vs not?
5050 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:130
5051 msgid "Currently used only by POSIX timers; see B<timer_create>(2)."
5055 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:132 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:66 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:114 build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:116 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:133 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:86 build/C/man3/sigwait.3:82 build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:135 build/C/man2/timer_create.2:195 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:69 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:99 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:209
5056 msgid "POSIX.1-2001."
5060 #: build/C/man7/sigevent.7:142
5062 "B<timer_create>(2), B<aio_fsync>(3), B<aio_read>(3), B<aio_write>(3), "
5063 "B<getaddrinfo_a>(3), B<lio_listio>(3), B<mq_notify>(3), B<aio>(7), "
5068 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:31
5070 msgid "SIGINTERRUPT"
5074 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:31 build/C/man2/signal.2:36 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:29 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:29 build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:31 build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:29
5080 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:34
5081 msgid "siginterrupt - allow signals to interrupt system calls"
5085 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:39
5087 msgid "B<int siginterrupt(int >I<sig>B<, int >I<flag>B<);>\n"
5091 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:47
5092 msgid "B<siginterrupt>():"
5096 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:64
5098 "The B<siginterrupt>() function changes the restart behavior when a system "
5099 "call is interrupted by the signal I<sig>. If the I<flag> argument is false "
5100 "(0), then system calls will be restarted if interrupted by the specified "
5101 "signal I<sig>. This is the default behavior in Linux."
5105 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:69
5107 "If the I<flag> argument is true (1) and no data has been transferred, then a "
5108 "system call interrupted by the signal I<sig> will return -1 and I<errno> "
5109 "will be set to B<EINTR>."
5113 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:73
5115 "If the I<flag> argument is true (1) and data transfer has started, then the "
5116 "system call will be interrupted and will return the actual amount of data "
5121 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:83
5123 "The B<siginterrupt>() function returns 0 on success. It returns -1 if the "
5124 "signal number I<sig> is invalid, with I<errno> set to indicate the cause of "
5129 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:87
5130 msgid "The specified signal number is invalid."
5134 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:96
5136 "4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001. POSIX.1-2008 marks B<siginterrupt>() as obsolete, "
5137 "recommending the use of B<sigaction>(2) with the B<SA_RESTART> flag "
5142 #: build/C/man3/siginterrupt.3:98
5143 msgid "B<signal>(2)"
5147 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:36 build/C/man7/signal.7:46
5153 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:39
5154 msgid "signal - ANSI C signal handling"
5158 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:45
5159 msgid "B<sighandler_t signal(int >I<signum>B<, sighandler_t >I<handler>B<);>"
5163 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:54
5165 "The behavior of B<signal>() varies across UNIX versions, and has also "
5166 "varied historically across different versions of Linux. B<Avoid its use>: "
5167 "use B<sigaction>(2) instead. See I<Portability> below."
5171 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:64
5173 "B<signal>() sets the disposition of the signal I<signum> to I<handler>, "
5174 "which is either B<SIG_IGN>, B<SIG_DFL>, or the address of a "
5175 "programmer-defined function (a \"signal handler\")."
5179 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:68
5181 "If the signal I<signum> is delivered to the process, then one of the "
5182 "following happens:"
5186 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:73
5187 msgid "If the disposition is set to B<SIG_IGN>, then the signal is ignored."
5191 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:80
5193 "If the disposition is set to B<SIG_DFL>, then the default action associated "
5194 "with the signal (see B<signal>(7)) occurs."
5198 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:91
5200 "If the disposition is set to a function, then first either the disposition "
5201 "is reset to B<SIG_DFL>, or the signal is blocked (see I<Portability> below), "
5202 "and then I<handler> is called with argument I<signum>. If invocation of the "
5203 "handler caused the signal to be blocked, then the signal is unblocked upon "
5204 "return from the handler."
5208 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:97
5209 msgid "The signals B<SIGKILL> and B<SIGSTOP> cannot be caught or ignored."
5213 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:105
5215 "B<signal>() returns the previous value of the signal handler, or B<SIG_ERR> "
5216 "on error. In the event of an error, I<errno> is set to indicate the cause."
5220 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:110
5221 msgid "I<signum> is invalid."
5225 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:116
5226 msgid "The effects of B<signal>() in a multithreaded process are unspecified."
5230 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:141
5232 "See B<sigaction>(2) for details on what happens when B<SIGCHLD> is set to "
5237 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:146
5239 "See B<signal>(7) for a list of the async-signal-safe functions that can be "
5240 "safely called from inside a signal handler."
5243 #. libc4 and libc5 define
5244 #. .IR SignalHandler ;
5246 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:162
5248 "The use of I<sighandler_t> is a GNU extension, exposed if B<_GNU_SOURCE> is "
5249 "defined; glibc also defines (the BSD-derived) I<sig_t> if B<_BSD_SOURCE> is "
5250 "defined. Without use of such a type, the declaration of B<signal>() is the "
5251 "somewhat harder to read:"
5255 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:166
5258 "B<void ( *>I<signal>B<(int >I<signum>B<, void (*>I<handler>B<)(int)) ) "
5263 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:168
5269 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:180
5271 "The only portable use of B<signal>() is to set a signal's disposition to "
5272 "B<SIG_DFL> or B<SIG_IGN>. The semantics when using B<signal>() to "
5273 "establish a signal handler vary across systems (and POSIX.1 explicitly "
5274 "permits this variation); B<do not use it for this purpose.>"
5278 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:186
5280 "POSIX.1 solved the portability mess by specifying B<sigaction>(2), which "
5281 "provides explicit control of the semantics when a signal handler is invoked; "
5282 "use that interface instead of B<signal>()."
5286 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:196
5288 "In the original UNIX systems, when a handler that was established using "
5289 "B<signal>() was invoked by the delivery of a signal, the disposition of the "
5290 "signal would be reset to B<SIG_DFL>, and the system did not block delivery "
5291 "of further instances of the signal. This is equivalent to calling "
5292 "B<sigaction>(2) with the following flags:"
5296 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:198
5298 msgid " sa.sa_flags = SA_RESETHAND | SA_NODEFER;\n"
5302 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:205
5304 "System V also provides these semantics for B<signal>(). This was bad "
5305 "because the signal might be delivered again before the handler had a chance "
5306 "to reestablish itself. Furthermore, rapid deliveries of the same signal "
5307 "could result in recursive invocations of the handler."
5311 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:220
5313 "BSD improved on this situation, but unfortunately also changed the semantics "
5314 "of the existing B<signal>() interface while doing so. On BSD, when a "
5315 "signal handler is invoked, the signal disposition is not reset, and further "
5316 "instances of the signal are blocked from being delivered while the handler "
5317 "is executing. Furthermore, certain blocking system calls are automatically "
5318 "restarted if interrupted by a signal handler (see B<signal>(7)). The BSD "
5319 "semantics are equivalent to calling B<sigaction>(2) with the following "
5324 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:222
5326 msgid " sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;\n"
5330 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:224
5331 msgid "The situation on Linux is as follows:"
5335 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:228
5336 msgid "The kernel's B<signal>() system call provides System V semantics."
5340 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:244
5342 "By default, in glibc 2 and later, the B<signal>() wrapper function does not "
5343 "invoke the kernel system call. Instead, it calls B<sigaction>(2) using "
5344 "flags that supply BSD semantics. This default behavior is provided as long "
5345 "as the B<_BSD_SOURCE> feature test macro is defined. By default, "
5346 "B<_BSD_SOURCE> is defined; it is also implicitly defined if one defines "
5347 "B<_GNU_SOURCE>, and can of course be explicitly defined."
5351 #. System V semantics are also provided if one uses the separate
5352 #. .BR sysv_signal (3)
5355 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:267
5357 "On glibc 2 and later, if the B<_BSD_SOURCE> feature test macro is not "
5358 "defined, then B<signal>() provides System V semantics. (The default "
5359 "implicit definition of B<_BSD_SOURCE> is not provided if one invokes "
5360 "B<gcc>(1) in one of its standard modes (I<-std=xxx> or I<-ansi>) or "
5361 "defines various other feature test macros such as B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, "
5362 "B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>, or B<_SVID_SOURCE>; see B<feature_test_macros>(7).)"
5366 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:278
5368 "The B<signal>() function in Linux libc4 and libc5 provide System V "
5369 "semantics. If one on a libc5 system includes I<E<lt>bsd/signal.hE<gt>> "
5370 "instead of I<E<lt>signal.hE<gt>>, then B<signal>() provides BSD semantics."
5374 #: build/C/man2/signal.2:297
5376 "B<kill>(1), B<alarm>(2), B<kill>(2), B<killpg>(2), B<pause>(2), "
5377 "B<sigaction>(2), B<signalfd>(2), B<sigpending>(2), B<sigprocmask>(2), "
5378 "B<sigsuspend>(2), B<bsd_signal>(3), B<raise>(3), B<siginterrupt>(3), "
5379 "B<sigqueue>(3), B<sigsetops>(3), B<sigvec>(3), B<sysv_signal>(3), "
5384 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:49
5385 msgid "signal - overview of signals"
5389 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:52
5391 "Linux supports both POSIX reliable signals (hereinafter \"standard "
5392 "signals\") and POSIX real-time signals."
5396 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:52
5398 msgid "Signal dispositions"
5402 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:57
5404 "Each signal has a current I<disposition>, which determines how the process "
5405 "behaves when it is delivered the signal."
5409 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:60
5411 "The entries in the \"Action\" column of the tables below specify the default "
5412 "disposition for each signal, as follows:"
5416 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:60
5422 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:62
5423 msgid "Default action is to terminate the process."
5427 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:62
5433 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:64
5434 msgid "Default action is to ignore the signal."
5438 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:64
5444 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:67
5445 msgid "Default action is to terminate the process and dump core (see B<core>(5))."
5449 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:67
5455 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:69
5456 msgid "Default action is to stop the process."
5460 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:69
5466 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:71
5467 msgid "Default action is to continue the process if it is currently stopped."
5471 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:93
5473 "A process can change the disposition of a signal using B<sigaction>(2) or "
5474 "B<signal>(2). (The latter is less portable when establishing a signal "
5475 "handler; see B<signal>(2) for details.) Using these system calls, a "
5476 "process can elect one of the following behaviors to occur on delivery of the "
5477 "signal: perform the default action; ignore the signal; or catch the signal "
5478 "with a I<signal handler>, a programmer-defined function that is "
5479 "automatically invoked when the signal is delivered. (By default, the signal "
5480 "handler is invoked on the normal process stack. It is possible to arrange "
5481 "that the signal handler uses an alternate stack; see B<sigaltstack>(2) for "
5482 "a discussion of how to do this and when it might be useful.)"
5486 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:97
5488 "The signal disposition is a per-process attribute: in a multithreaded "
5489 "application, the disposition of a particular signal is the same for all "
5494 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:105
5496 msgid "Sending a signal"
5500 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:108
5502 "The following system calls and library functions allow the caller to send a "
5507 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:108
5513 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:111
5514 msgid "Sends a signal to the calling thread."
5518 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:116
5520 "Sends a signal to a specified process, to all members of a specified process "
5521 "group, or to all processes on the system."
5525 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:116
5527 msgid "B<killpg>(2)"
5531 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:119
5532 msgid "Sends a signal to all of the members of a specified process group."
5536 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:119
5538 msgid "B<pthread_kill>(3)"
5542 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:123
5544 "Sends a signal to a specified POSIX thread in the same process as the "
5549 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:123
5551 msgid "B<tgkill>(2)"
5555 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:128
5557 "Sends a signal to a specified thread within a specific process. (This is "
5558 "the system call used to implement B<pthread_kill>(3).)"
5562 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:131
5563 msgid "Sends a real-time signal with accompanying data to a specified process."
5567 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:131
5569 msgid "Waiting for a signal to be caught"
5573 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:135
5575 "The following system calls suspend execution of the calling process or "
5576 "thread until a signal is caught (or an unhandled signal terminates the "
5581 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:135
5587 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:138
5588 msgid "Suspends execution until any signal is caught."
5592 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:138
5594 msgid "B<sigsuspend>(2)"
5598 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:142
5600 "Temporarily changes the signal mask (see below) and suspends execution until "
5601 "one of the unmasked signals is caught."
5605 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:142
5607 msgid "Synchronously accepting a signal"
5611 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:149
5613 "Rather than asynchronously catching a signal via a signal handler, it is "
5614 "possible to synchronously accept the signal, that is, to block execution "
5615 "until the signal is delivered, at which point the kernel returns information "
5616 "about the signal to the caller. There are two general ways to do this:"
5620 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:157
5622 "B<sigwaitinfo>(2), B<sigtimedwait>(2), and B<sigwait>(3) suspend execution "
5623 "until one of the signals in a specified set is delivered. Each of these "
5624 "calls returns information about the delivered signal."
5628 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:170
5630 "B<signalfd>(2) returns a file descriptor that can be used to read "
5631 "information about signals that are delivered to the caller. Each B<read>(2) "
5632 "from this file descriptor blocks until one of the signals in the set "
5633 "specified in the B<signalfd>(2) call is delivered to the caller. The "
5634 "buffer returned by B<read>(2) contains a structure describing the signal."
5638 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:170
5640 msgid "Signal mask and pending signals"
5644 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:177
5646 "A signal may be I<blocked>, which means that it will not be delivered until "
5647 "it is later unblocked. Between the time when it is generated and when it is "
5648 "delivered a signal is said to be I<pending>."
5652 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:186
5654 "Each thread in a process has an independent I<signal mask>, which indicates "
5655 "the set of signals that the thread is currently blocking. A thread can "
5656 "manipulate its signal mask using B<pthread_sigmask>(3). In a traditional "
5657 "single-threaded application, B<sigprocmask>(2) can be used to manipulate "
5662 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:192 build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:126
5664 "A child created via B<fork>(2) inherits a copy of its parent's signal mask; "
5665 "the signal mask is preserved across B<execve>(2)."
5669 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:209
5671 "A signal may be generated (and thus pending) for a process as a whole "
5672 "(e.g., when sent using B<kill>(2)) or for a specific thread (e.g., certain "
5673 "signals, such as B<SIGSEGV> and B<SIGFPE>, generated as a consequence of "
5674 "executing a specific machine-language instruction are thread directed, as "
5675 "are signals targeted at a specific thread using B<pthread_kill>(3)). A "
5676 "process-directed signal may be delivered to any one of the threads that does "
5677 "not currently have the signal blocked. If more than one of the threads has "
5678 "the signal unblocked, then the kernel chooses an arbitrary thread to which "
5679 "to deliver the signal."
5683 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:216
5685 "A thread can obtain the set of signals that it currently has pending using "
5686 "B<sigpending>(2). This set will consist of the union of the set of pending "
5687 "process-directed signals and the set of signals pending for the calling "
5692 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:222 build/C/man2/sigpending.2:81
5694 "A child created via B<fork>(2) initially has an empty pending signal set; "
5695 "the pending signal set is preserved across an B<execve>(2)."
5699 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:222
5701 msgid "Standard signals"
5705 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:234
5707 "Linux supports the standard signals listed below. Several signal numbers "
5708 "are architecture-dependent, as indicated in the \"Value\" column. (Where "
5709 "three values are given, the first one is usually valid for alpha and sparc, "
5710 "the middle one for x86, arm, and most other architectures, and the last one "
5711 "for mips. (Values for parisc are I<not> shown; see the Linux kernel source "
5712 "for signal numbering on that architecture.) A - denotes that a signal is "
5713 "absent on the corresponding architecture.)"
5717 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:236
5718 msgid "First the signals described in the original POSIX.1-1990 standard."
5722 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:240 build/C/man7/signal.7:276 build/C/man7/signal.7:305
5724 msgid "Signal\tValue\tAction\tComment\n"
5728 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:241
5730 msgid "SIGHUP\t\\01\tTerm\tHangup detected on controlling terminal\n"
5734 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:242
5736 msgid "\t\t\tor death of controlling process\n"
5740 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:243
5742 msgid "SIGINT\t\\02\tTerm\tInterrupt from keyboard\n"
5746 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:244
5748 msgid "SIGQUIT\t\\03\tCore\tQuit from keyboard\n"
5752 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:245
5754 msgid "SIGILL\t\\04\tCore\tIllegal Instruction\n"
5758 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:246
5760 msgid "SIGABRT\t\\06\tCore\tAbort signal from B<abort>(3)\n"
5764 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:247
5766 msgid "SIGFPE\t\\08\tCore\tFloating point exception\n"
5770 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:248
5772 msgid "SIGKILL\t\\09\tTerm\tKill signal\n"
5776 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:249
5778 msgid "SIGSEGV\t11\tCore\tInvalid memory reference\n"
5782 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:250
5784 msgid "SIGPIPE\t13\tTerm\tBroken pipe: write to pipe with no\n"
5788 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:251
5790 msgid "\t\t\treaders\n"
5794 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:252
5796 msgid "SIGALRM\t14\tTerm\tTimer signal from B<alarm>(2)\n"
5800 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:253
5802 msgid "SIGTERM\t15\tTerm\tTermination signal\n"
5806 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:254
5808 msgid "SIGUSR1\t30,10,16\tTerm\tUser-defined signal 1\n"
5812 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:255
5814 msgid "SIGUSR2\t31,12,17\tTerm\tUser-defined signal 2\n"
5818 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:256
5820 msgid "SIGCHLD\t20,17,18\tIgn\tChild stopped or terminated\n"
5824 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:257
5826 msgid "SIGCONT\t19,18,25\tCont\tContinue if stopped\n"
5830 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:258
5832 msgid "SIGSTOP\t17,19,23\tStop\tStop process\n"
5836 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:259
5838 msgid "SIGTSTP\t18,20,24\tStop\tStop typed at terminal\n"
5842 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:260
5844 msgid "SIGTTIN\t21,21,26\tStop\tTerminal input for background process\n"
5848 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:261
5850 msgid "SIGTTOU\t22,22,27\tStop\tTerminal output for background process\n"
5854 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:269
5855 msgid "The signals B<SIGKILL> and B<SIGSTOP> cannot be caught, blocked, or ignored."
5859 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:272
5861 "Next the signals not in the POSIX.1-1990 standard but described in SUSv2 and "
5866 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:277
5868 msgid "SIGBUS\t10,7,10\tCore\tBus error (bad memory access)\n"
5872 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:278
5874 msgid "SIGPOLL\t\tTerm\tPollable event (Sys V).\n"
5878 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:279
5880 msgid "\t\t\tSynonym for B<SIGIO>\n"
5884 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:280
5886 msgid "SIGPROF\t27,27,29\tTerm\tProfiling timer expired\n"
5890 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:281
5892 msgid "SIGSYS\t12,31,12\tCore\tBad argument to routine (SVr4)\n"
5896 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:282
5898 msgid "SIGTRAP\t5\tCore\tTrace/breakpoint trap\n"
5902 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:283
5904 msgid "SIGURG\t16,23,21\tIgn\tUrgent condition on socket (4.2BSD)\n"
5908 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:284
5910 msgid "SIGVTALRM\t26,26,28\tTerm\tVirtual alarm clock (4.2BSD)\n"
5914 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:285
5916 msgid "SIGXCPU\t24,24,30\tCore\tCPU time limit exceeded (4.2BSD)\n"
5920 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:286
5922 msgid "SIGXFSZ\t25,25,31\tCore\tFile size limit exceeded (4.2BSD)\n"
5926 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:299
5928 "Up to and including Linux 2.2, the default behavior for B<SIGSYS>, "
5929 "B<SIGXCPU>, B<SIGXFSZ>, and (on architectures other than SPARC and MIPS) "
5930 "B<SIGBUS> was to terminate the process (without a core dump). (On some "
5931 "other UNIX systems the default action for B<SIGXCPU> and B<SIGXFSZ> is to "
5932 "terminate the process without a core dump.) Linux 2.4 conforms to the "
5933 "POSIX.1-2001 requirements for these signals, terminating the process with a "
5938 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:301
5939 msgid "Next various other signals."
5943 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:306
5945 msgid "SIGIOT\t6\tCore\tIOT trap. A synonym for B<SIGABRT>\n"
5949 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:307
5951 msgid "SIGEMT\t7,-,7\tTerm\n"
5955 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:308
5957 msgid "SIGSTKFLT\t-,16,-\tTerm\tStack fault on coprocessor (unused)\n"
5961 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:309
5963 msgid "SIGIO\t23,29,22\tTerm\tI/O now possible (4.2BSD)\n"
5967 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:310
5969 msgid "SIGCLD\t-,-,18\tIgn\tA synonym for B<SIGCHLD>\n"
5973 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:311
5975 msgid "SIGPWR\t29,30,19\tTerm\tPower failure (System V)\n"
5979 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:312
5981 msgid "SIGINFO\t29,-,-\t\tA synonym for B<SIGPWR>\n"
5985 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:313
5987 msgid "SIGLOST\t-,-,-\tTerm\tFile lock lost (unused)\n"
5991 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:314
5993 msgid "SIGWINCH\t28,28,20\tIgn\tWindow resize signal (4.3BSD, Sun)\n"
5997 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:315
5999 msgid "SIGUNUSED\t-,31,-\tCore\tSynonymous with B<SIGSYS>\n"
6003 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:325
6004 msgid "(Signal 29 is B<SIGINFO> / B<SIGPWR> on an alpha but B<SIGLOST> on a sparc.)"
6008 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:331
6010 "B<SIGEMT> is not specified in POSIX.1-2001, but nevertheless appears on most "
6011 "other UNIX systems, where its default action is typically to terminate the "
6012 "process with a core dump."
6016 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:335
6018 "B<SIGPWR> (which is not specified in POSIX.1-2001) is typically ignored by "
6019 "default on those other UNIX systems where it appears."
6023 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:339
6025 "B<SIGIO> (which is not specified in POSIX.1-2001) is ignored by default on "
6026 "several other UNIX systems."
6029 #. parisc is the only exception: SIGSYS is 12, SIGUNUSED is 31
6031 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:346
6033 "Where defined, B<SIGUNUSED> is synonymous with B<SIGSYS> on most "
6038 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:346
6040 msgid "Real-time signals"
6044 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:356
6046 "Linux supports real-time signals as originally defined in the POSIX.1b "
6047 "real-time extensions (and now included in POSIX.1-2001). The range of "
6048 "supported real-time signals is defined by the macros B<SIGRTMIN> and "
6049 "B<SIGRTMAX>. POSIX.1-2001 requires that an implementation support at least "
6050 "B<_POSIX_RTSIG_MAX> (8) real-time signals."
6054 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:378
6056 "The Linux kernel supports a range of 32 different real-time signals, "
6057 "numbered 33 to 64. However, the glibc POSIX threads implementation "
6058 "internally uses two (for NPTL) or three (for LinuxThreads) real-time signals "
6059 "(see B<pthreads>(7)), and adjusts the value of B<SIGRTMIN> suitably (to 34 "
6060 "or 35). Because the range of available real-time signals varies according "
6061 "to the glibc threading implementation (and this variation can occur at run "
6062 "time according to the available kernel and glibc), and indeed the range of "
6063 "real-time signals varies across UNIX systems, programs should I<never refer "
6064 "to real-time signals using hard-coded numbers>, but instead should always "
6065 "refer to real-time signals using the notation B<SIGRTMIN>+n, and include "
6066 "suitable (run-time) checks that B<SIGRTMIN>+n does not exceed B<SIGRTMAX>."
6070 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:382
6072 "Unlike standard signals, real-time signals have no predefined meanings: the "
6073 "entire set of real-time signals can be used for application-defined "
6078 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:385
6080 "The default action for an unhandled real-time signal is to terminate the "
6081 "receiving process."
6085 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:387
6086 msgid "Real-time signals are distinguished by the following:"
6090 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:391
6092 "Multiple instances of real-time signals can be queued. By contrast, if "
6093 "multiple instances of a standard signal are delivered while that signal is "
6094 "currently blocked, then only one instance is queued."
6098 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:411
6100 "If the signal is sent using B<sigqueue>(3), an accompanying value (either an "
6101 "integer or a pointer) can be sent with the signal. If the receiving process "
6102 "establishes a handler for this signal using the B<SA_SIGINFO> flag to "
6103 "B<sigaction>(2) then it can obtain this data via the I<si_value> field of "
6104 "the I<siginfo_t> structure passed as the second argument to the handler. "
6105 "Furthermore, the I<si_pid> and I<si_uid> fields of this structure can be "
6106 "used to obtain the PID and real user ID of the process sending the signal."
6110 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:420
6112 "Real-time signals are delivered in a guaranteed order. Multiple real-time "
6113 "signals of the same type are delivered in the order they were sent. If "
6114 "different real-time signals are sent to a process, they are delivered "
6115 "starting with the lowest-numbered signal. (I.e., low-numbered signals have "
6116 "highest priority.) By contrast, if multiple standard signals are pending "
6117 "for a process, the order in which they are delivered is unspecified."
6121 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:425
6123 "If both standard and real-time signals are pending for a process, POSIX "
6124 "leaves it unspecified which is delivered first. Linux, like many other "
6125 "implementations, gives priority to standard signals in this case."
6129 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:448
6131 "According to POSIX, an implementation should permit at least "
6132 "B<_POSIX_SIGQUEUE_MAX> (32) real-time signals to be queued to a process. "
6133 "However, Linux does things differently. In kernels up to and including "
6134 "2.6.7, Linux imposes a system-wide limit on the number of queued real-time "
6135 "signals for all processes. This limit can be viewed and (with privilege) "
6136 "changed via the I</proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-max> file. A related file, "
6137 "I</proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-nr>, can be used to find out how many real-time "
6138 "signals are currently queued. In Linux 2.6.8, these I</proc> interfaces "
6139 "were replaced by the B<RLIMIT_SIGPENDING> resource limit, which specifies a "
6140 "per-user limit for queued signals; see B<setrlimit>(2) for further details."
6144 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:448
6146 msgid "Async-signal-safe functions"
6150 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:457
6152 "A signal handler function must be very careful, since processing elsewhere "
6153 "may be interrupted at some arbitrary point in the execution of the program. "
6154 "POSIX has the concept of \"safe function\". If a signal interrupts the "
6155 "execution of an unsafe function, and I<handler> calls an unsafe function, "
6156 "then the behavior of the program is undefined."
6160 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:461
6162 "POSIX.1-2004 (also known as POSIX.1-2001 Technical Corrigendum 2) requires "
6163 "an implementation to guarantee that the following functions can be safely "
6164 "called inside a signal handler:"
6168 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:582
6228 "posix_trace_event()\n"
6278 "timer_getoverrun()\n"
6292 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:587
6294 "POSIX.1-2008 removes fpathconf(), pathconf(), and sysconf() from the above "
6295 "list, and adds the following functions:"
6299 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:610
6325 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:612
6327 msgid "Interruption of system calls and library functions by signal handlers"
6331 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:615
6333 "If a signal handler is invoked while a system call or library function call "
6334 "is blocked, then either:"
6338 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:617
6339 msgid "the call is automatically restarted after the signal handler returns; or"
6343 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:620
6344 msgid "the call fails with the error B<EINTR>."
6348 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:628
6350 "Which of these two behaviors occurs depends on the interface and whether or "
6351 "not the signal handler was established using the B<SA_RESTART> flag (see "
6352 "B<sigaction>(2)). The details vary across UNIX systems; below, the details "
6356 #. The following system calls use ERESTARTSYS,
6357 #. so that they are restartable
6359 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:637
6361 "If a blocked call to one of the following interfaces is interrupted by a "
6362 "signal handler, then the call will be automatically restarted after the "
6363 "signal handler returns if the B<SA_RESTART> flag was used; otherwise the "
6364 "call will fail with the error B<EINTR>:"
6368 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:653
6370 "B<read>(2), B<readv>(2), B<write>(2), B<writev>(2), and B<ioctl>(2) calls "
6371 "on \"slow\" devices. A \"slow\" device is one where the I/O call may block "
6372 "for an indefinite time, for example, a terminal, pipe, or socket. (A disk "
6373 "is not a slow device according to this definition.) If an I/O call on a "
6374 "slow device has already transferred some data by the time it is interrupted "
6375 "by a signal handler, then the call will return a success status (normally, "
6376 "the number of bytes transferred)."
6380 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:657
6381 msgid "B<open>(2), if it can block (e.g., when opening a FIFO; see B<fifo>(7))."
6385 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:664
6386 msgid "B<wait>(2), B<wait3>(2), B<wait4>(2), B<waitid>(2), and B<waitpid>(2)."
6389 #. If a timeout (setsockopt()) is in effect on the socket, then these
6390 #. system calls switch to using EINTR. Consequently, they and are not
6391 #. automatically restarted, and they show the stop/cont behavior
6392 #. described below. (Verified from 2.6.26 source, and by experiment; mtk)
6394 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:680
6396 "Socket interfaces: B<accept>(2), B<connect>(2), B<recv>(2), B<recvfrom>(2), "
6397 "B<recvmsg>(2), B<send>(2), B<sendto>(2), and B<sendmsg>(2), unless a timeout "
6398 "has been set on the socket (see below)."
6402 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:686
6403 msgid "File locking interfaces: B<flock>(2) and B<fcntl>(2) B<F_SETLKW>."
6407 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:693
6409 "POSIX message queue interfaces: B<mq_receive>(3), B<mq_timedreceive>(3), "
6410 "B<mq_send>(3), and B<mq_timedsend>(3)."
6414 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:698
6416 "B<futex>(2) B<FUTEX_WAIT> (since Linux 2.6.22; beforehand, always failed "
6421 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:705
6423 "POSIX semaphore interfaces: B<sem_wait>(3) and B<sem_timedwait>(3) (since "
6424 "Linux 2.6.22; beforehand, always failed with B<EINTR>)."
6427 #. These are the system calls that give EINTR or ERESTARTNOHAND
6428 #. on interruption by a signal handler.
6430 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:716
6432 "The following interfaces are never restarted after being interrupted by a "
6433 "signal handler, regardless of the use of B<SA_RESTART>; they always fail "
6434 "with the error B<EINTR> when interrupted by a signal handler:"
6438 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:736 build/C/man7/signal.7:810
6440 "Socket interfaces, when a timeout has been set on the socket using "
6441 "B<setsockopt>(2): B<accept>(2), B<recv>(2), B<recvfrom>(2), and "
6442 "B<recvmsg>(2), if a receive timeout (B<SO_RCVTIMEO>) has been set; "
6443 "B<connect>(2), B<send>(2), B<sendto>(2), and B<sendmsg>(2), if a send "
6444 "timeout (B<SO_SNDTIMEO>) has been set."
6448 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:743
6450 "Interfaces used to wait for signals: B<pause>(2), B<sigsuspend>(2), "
6451 "B<sigtimedwait>(2), and B<sigwaitinfo>(2)."
6455 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:752
6457 "File descriptor multiplexing interfaces: B<epoll_wait>(2), "
6458 "B<epoll_pwait>(2), B<poll>(2), B<ppoll>(2), B<select>(2), and B<pselect>(2)."
6461 #. On some other systems, SA_RESTART does restart these system calls
6463 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:760
6465 "System V IPC interfaces: B<msgrcv>(2), B<msgsnd>(2), B<semop>(2), and "
6470 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:766
6471 msgid "Sleep interfaces: B<clock_nanosleep>(2), B<nanosleep>(2), and B<usleep>(3)."
6475 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:771 build/C/man7/signal.7:824
6476 msgid "B<read>(2) from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor."
6480 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:773
6481 msgid "B<io_getevents>(2)."
6485 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:779
6487 "The B<sleep>(3) function is also never restarted if interrupted by a "
6488 "handler, but gives a success return: the number of seconds remaining to "
6493 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:779
6495 msgid "Interruption of system calls and library functions by stop signals"
6499 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:788
6501 "On Linux, even in the absence of signal handlers, certain blocking "
6502 "interfaces can fail with the error B<EINTR> after the process is stopped by "
6503 "one of the stop signals and then resumed via B<SIGCONT>. This behavior is "
6504 "not sanctioned by POSIX.1, and doesn't occur on other systems."
6508 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:790
6509 msgid "The Linux interfaces that display this behavior are:"
6513 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:813
6514 msgid "B<epoll_wait>(2), B<epoll_pwait>(2)."
6518 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:816
6519 msgid "B<semop>(2), B<semtimedop>(2)."
6523 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:819
6524 msgid "B<sigtimedwait>(2), B<sigwaitinfo>(2)."
6528 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:830
6530 "Linux 2.6.21 and earlier: B<futex>(2) B<FUTEX_WAIT>, B<sem_timedwait>(3), "
6535 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:834
6536 msgid "Linux 2.6.8 and earlier: B<msgrcv>(2), B<msgsnd>(2)."
6540 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:837
6541 msgid "Linux 2.4 and earlier: B<nanosleep>(2)."
6544 #. It must be a *very* long time since this was true:
6549 #. have the same value.
6550 #. The latter is commented out in the kernel source, but
6551 #. the build process of some software still thinks that
6555 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:850
6556 msgid "POSIX.1, except as noted."
6560 #: build/C/man7/signal.7:884
6562 "B<kill>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<kill>(2), B<killpg>(2), "
6563 "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<rt_sigqueueinfo>(2), B<setitimer>(2), "
6564 "B<setrlimit>(2), B<sgetmask>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<sigaltstack>(2), "
6565 "B<signal>(2), B<signalfd>(2), B<sigpending>(2), B<sigprocmask>(2), "
6566 "B<sigsuspend>(2), B<sigwaitinfo>(2), B<abort>(3), B<bsd_signal>(3), "
6567 "B<longjmp>(3), B<raise>(3), B<pthread_sigqueue>(3), B<sigqueue>(3), "
6568 "B<sigset>(3), B<sigsetops>(3), B<sigvec>(3), B<sigwait>(3), B<strsignal>(3), "
6569 "B<sysv_signal>(3), B<core>(5), B<proc>(5), B<pthreads>(7), B<sigevent>(7)"
6573 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:20
6579 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:20
6585 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:23
6586 msgid "signalfd - create a file descriptor for accepting signals"
6590 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:25
6591 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/signalfd.hE<gt>>"
6595 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:27
6596 msgid "B<int signalfd(int >I<fd>B<, const sigset_t *>I<mask>B<, int >I<flags>B<);>"
6600 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:38
6602 "B<signalfd>() creates a file descriptor that can be used to accept signals "
6603 "targeted at the caller. This provides an alternative to the use of a signal "
6604 "handler or B<sigwaitinfo>(2), and has the advantage that the file descriptor "
6605 "may be monitored by B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), and B<epoll>(7)."
6609 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:58
6611 "The I<mask> argument specifies the set of signals that the caller wishes to "
6612 "accept via the file descriptor. This argument is a signal set whose "
6613 "contents can be initialized using the macros described in B<sigsetops>(3). "
6614 "Normally, the set of signals to be received via the file descriptor should "
6615 "be blocked using B<sigprocmask>(2), to prevent the signals being handled "
6616 "according to their default dispositions. It is not possible to receive "
6617 "B<SIGKILL> or B<SIGSTOP> signals via a signalfd file descriptor; these "
6618 "signals are silently ignored if specified in I<mask>."
6622 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:72
6624 "If the I<fd> argument is -1, then the call creates a new file descriptor and "
6625 "associates the signal set specified in I<mask> with that descriptor. If "
6626 "I<fd> is not -1, then it must specify a valid existing signalfd file "
6627 "descriptor, and I<mask> is used to replace the signal set associated with "
6632 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:77
6634 "Starting with Linux 2.6.27, the following values may be bitwise ORed in "
6635 "I<flags> to change the behaviour of B<signalfd>():"
6639 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:77
6641 msgid "B<SFD_NONBLOCK>"
6645 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:85
6647 msgid "B<SFD_CLOEXEC>"
6651 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:102
6653 "B<signalfd>() returns a file descriptor that supports the following "
6658 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:121
6660 "If one or more of the signals specified in I<mask> is pending for the "
6661 "process, then the buffer supplied to B<read>(2) is used to return one or "
6662 "more I<signalfd_siginfo> structures (see below) that describe the signals. "
6663 "The B<read>(2) returns information for as many signals as are pending and "
6664 "will fit in the supplied buffer. The buffer must be at least "
6665 "I<sizeof(struct signalfd_siginfo)> bytes. The return value of the "
6666 "B<read>(2) is the total number of bytes read."
6670 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:129
6672 "As a consequence of the B<read>(2), the signals are consumed, so that they "
6673 "are no longer pending for the process (i.e., will not be caught by signal "
6674 "handlers, and cannot be accepted using B<sigwaitinfo>(2))."
6678 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:140
6680 "If none of the signals in I<mask> is pending for the process, then the "
6681 "B<read>(2) either blocks until one of the signals in I<mask> is generated "
6682 "for the process, or fails with the error B<EAGAIN> if the file descriptor "
6683 "has been made nonblocking."
6687 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:153
6689 "The file descriptor is readable (the B<select>(2) I<readfds> argument; the "
6690 "B<poll>(2) B<POLLIN> flag) if one or more of the signals in I<mask> is "
6691 "pending for the process."
6695 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:160
6697 "The signalfd file descriptor also supports the other file-descriptor "
6698 "multiplexing APIs: B<pselect>(2), B<ppoll>(2), and B<epoll>(7)."
6702 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:165
6704 "When the file descriptor is no longer required it should be closed. When "
6705 "all file descriptors associated with the same signalfd object have been "
6706 "closed, the resources for object are freed by the kernel."
6710 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:165
6712 msgid "The signalfd_siginfo structure"
6716 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:171
6718 "The format of the I<signalfd_siginfo> structure(s) returned by B<read>(2)s "
6719 "from a signalfd file descriptor is as follows:"
6722 #. ssi_trapno is unused on most arches
6723 #. FIXME Since Linux 2.6.37 there is 'uint16_t ssi_addr_lsb'
6724 #. which is not yet documented
6726 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:198
6729 "struct signalfd_siginfo {\n"
6730 " uint32_t ssi_signo; /* Signal number */\n"
6731 " int32_t ssi_errno; /* Error number (unused) */\n"
6732 " int32_t ssi_code; /* Signal code */\n"
6733 " uint32_t ssi_pid; /* PID of sender */\n"
6734 " uint32_t ssi_uid; /* Real UID of sender */\n"
6735 " int32_t ssi_fd; /* File descriptor (SIGIO) */\n"
6736 " uint32_t ssi_tid; /* Kernel timer ID (POSIX timers)\n"
6737 " uint32_t ssi_band; /* Band event (SIGIO) */\n"
6738 " uint32_t ssi_overrun; /* POSIX timer overrun count */\n"
6739 " uint32_t ssi_trapno; /* Trap number that caused signal */\n"
6740 " int32_t ssi_status; /* Exit status or signal (SIGCHLD) */\n"
6741 " int32_t ssi_int; /* Integer sent by sigqueue(3) */\n"
6742 " uint64_t ssi_ptr; /* Pointer sent by sigqueue(3) */\n"
6743 " uint64_t ssi_utime; /* User CPU time consumed (SIGCHLD) */\n"
6744 " uint64_t ssi_stime; /* System CPU time consumed (SIGCHLD) */\n"
6745 " uint64_t ssi_addr; /* Address that generated signal\n"
6746 " (for hardware-generated signals) */\n"
6747 " uint8_t pad[I<X>]; /* Pad size to 128 bytes (allow for\n"
6748 " additional fields in the future) */\n"
6753 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:221
6755 "Each of the fields in this structure is analogous to the similarly named "
6756 "field in the I<siginfo_t> structure. The I<siginfo_t> structure is "
6757 "described in B<sigaction>(2). Not all fields in the returned "
6758 "I<signalfd_siginfo> structure will be valid for a specific signal; the set "
6759 "of valid fields can be determined from the value returned in the I<ssi_code> "
6760 "field. This field is the analog of the I<siginfo_t> I<si_code> field; see "
6761 "B<sigaction>(2) for details."
6765 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:221 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:269
6767 msgid "fork(2) semantics"
6771 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:229
6773 "After a B<fork>(2), the child inherits a copy of the signalfd file "
6774 "descriptor. A B<read>(2) from the file descriptor in the child will return "
6775 "information about signals queued to the child."
6779 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:229 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:281
6781 msgid "execve(2) semantics"
6785 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:241
6787 "Just like any other file descriptor, a signalfd file descriptor remains open "
6788 "across an B<execve>(2), unless it has been marked for close-on-exec (see "
6789 "B<fcntl>(2)). Any signals that were available for reading before the "
6790 "B<execve>(2) remain available to the newly loaded program. (This is "
6791 "analogous to traditional signal semantics, where a blocked signal that is "
6792 "pending remains pending across an B<execve>(2).)"
6796 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:241
6798 msgid "Thread semantics"
6802 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:251
6804 "The semantics of signalfd file descriptors in a multithreaded program mirror "
6805 "the standard semantics for signals. In other words, when a thread reads "
6806 "from a signalfd file descriptor, it will read the signals that are directed "
6807 "to the thread itself and the signals that are directed to the process (i.e., "
6808 "the entire thread group). (A thread will not be able to read signals that "
6809 "are directed to other threads in the process.)"
6813 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:265
6815 "On success, B<signalfd>() returns a signalfd file descriptor; this is "
6816 "either a new file descriptor (if I<fd> was -1), or I<fd> if I<fd> was a "
6817 "valid signalfd file descriptor. On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is "
6818 "set to indicate the error."
6822 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:266 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:338
6828 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:271
6829 msgid "The I<fd> file descriptor is not a valid file descriptor."
6834 #. argument is not equal to
6835 #. .IR sizeof(sigset_t) ;
6837 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:279
6838 msgid "I<fd> is not a valid signalfd file descriptor."
6842 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:286 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:320
6843 msgid "I<flags> is invalid; or, in Linux 2.6.26 or earlier, I<flags> is nonzero."
6847 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:289 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:323
6848 msgid "The per-process limit of open file descriptors has been reached."
6852 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:299
6853 msgid "There was insufficient memory to create a new signalfd file descriptor."
6856 #. signalfd() is in glibc 2.7, but reportedly does not build
6858 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:307
6860 "B<signalfd>() is available on Linux since kernel 2.6.22. Working support "
6861 "is provided in glibc since version 2.8. The B<signalfd4>() system call "
6862 "(see NOTES) is available on Linux since kernel 2.6.27."
6866 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:312
6867 msgid "B<signalfd>() and B<signalfd4>() are Linux-specific."
6871 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:322
6873 "The underlying Linux system call requires an additional argument, I<size_t "
6874 "sizemask>, which specifies the size of the I<mask> argument. The glibc "
6875 "B<signalfd>() wrapper function does not include this argument, since it "
6876 "provides the required value for the underlying system call."
6880 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:336
6882 "A process can create multiple signalfd file descriptors. This makes it "
6883 "possible to accept different signals on different file descriptors. (This "
6884 "may be useful if monitoring the file descriptors using B<select>(2), "
6885 "B<poll>(2), or B<epoll>(7): the arrival of different signals will make "
6886 "different descriptors ready.) If a signal appears in the I<mask> of more "
6887 "than one of the file descriptors, then occurrences of that signal can be "
6888 "read (once) from any one of the descriptors."
6892 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:352
6894 "There are two underlying Linux system calls: B<signalfd>() and the more "
6895 "recent B<signalfd4>(). The former system call does not implement a I<flags> "
6896 "argument. The latter system call implements the I<flags> values described "
6897 "above. Starting with glibc 2.9, the B<signalfd>() wrapper function will "
6898 "use B<signalfd4>() where it is available."
6901 #. The fix also was put into 2.6.24.5
6903 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:360
6905 "In kernels before 2.6.25, the I<ssi_ptr> and I<ssi_int> fields are not "
6906 "filled in with the data accompanying a signal sent by B<sigqueue>(3)."
6910 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:370
6912 "The program below accepts the signals B<SIGINT> and B<SIGQUIT> via a "
6913 "signalfd file descriptor. The program terminates after accepting a "
6914 "B<SIGQUIT> signal. The following shell session demonstrates the use of the "
6919 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:381
6922 "$B< ./signalfd_demo>\n"
6923 "B<^C> # Control-C generates SIGINT\n"
6927 "B<^\\e> # Control-\\e generates SIGQUIT\n"
6933 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:391
6936 "#include E<lt>sys/signalfd.hE<gt>\n"
6937 "#include E<lt>signal.hE<gt>\n"
6938 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
6939 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
6940 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
6944 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:402
6948 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
6952 " struct signalfd_siginfo fdsi;\n"
6957 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:406
6960 " sigemptyset(&mask);\n"
6961 " sigaddset(&mask, SIGINT);\n"
6962 " sigaddset(&mask, SIGQUIT);\n"
6966 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:409
6969 " /* Block signals so that they aren\\(aqt handled\n"
6970 " according to their default dispositions */\n"
6974 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:412
6977 " if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) == -1)\n"
6978 " handle_error(\"sigprocmask\");\n"
6982 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:416
6985 " sfd = signalfd(-1, &mask, 0);\n"
6987 " handle_error(\"signalfd\");\n"
6991 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:421
6995 " s = read(sfd, &fdsi, sizeof(struct signalfd_siginfo));\n"
6996 " if (s != sizeof(struct signalfd_siginfo))\n"
6997 " handle_error(\"read\");\n"
7001 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:432
7004 " if (fdsi.ssi_signo == SIGINT) {\n"
7005 " printf(\"Got SIGINT\\en\");\n"
7006 " } else if (fdsi.ssi_signo == SIGQUIT) {\n"
7007 " printf(\"Got SIGQUIT\\en\");\n"
7008 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
7010 " printf(\"Read unexpected signal\\en\");\n"
7017 #: build/C/man2/signalfd.2:446
7019 "B<eventfd>(2), B<poll>(2), B<read>(2), B<select>(2), B<sigaction>(2), "
7020 "B<sigprocmask>(2), B<sigwaitinfo>(2), B<timerfd_create>(2), B<sigsetops>(3), "
7021 "B<sigwait>(3), B<epoll>(7), B<signal>(7)"
7025 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:25
7031 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:25
7037 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:28
7038 msgid "sigpause - atomically release blocked signals and wait for interrupt"
7042 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:33
7044 msgid "B<int sigpause(int >I<sigmask>B<); /* BSD */>\n"
7048 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:35
7050 msgid "B<int sigpause(int >I<sig>B<); /* System V / UNIX 95 */>\n"
7054 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:41
7055 msgid "Don't use this function. Use B<sigsuspend>(2) instead."
7059 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:48
7061 "The function B<sigpause>() is designed to wait for some signal. It changes "
7062 "the process's signal mask (set of blocked signals), and then waits for a "
7063 "signal to arrive. Upon arrival of a signal, the original signal mask is "
7068 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:56
7070 "If B<sigpause>() returns, it was interrupted by a signal and the return "
7071 "value is -1 with I<errno> set to B<EINTR>."
7075 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:60
7076 msgid "The System V version of B<sigpause>() is standardized in POSIX.1-2001."
7079 #. __xpg_sigpause: UNIX 95, spec 1170, SVID, SVr4, XPG
7081 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:77
7083 "The classical BSD version of this function appeared in 4.2BSD. It sets the "
7084 "process's signal mask to I<sigmask>. UNIX 95 standardized the incompatible "
7085 "System V version of this function, which removes only the specified signal "
7086 "I<sig> from the process's signal mask. The unfortunate situation with two "
7087 "incompatible functions with the same name was solved by the "
7088 "B<\\%sigsuspend>(2) function, that takes a I<sigset_t\\ *> argument "
7089 "(instead of an I<int>)."
7093 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:80
7095 "On Linux, this routine is a system call only on the Sparc (sparc64) "
7100 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:82
7101 msgid "Libc4 and libc5 know only about the BSD version."
7105 #. For the BSD version, one usually uses a zero
7107 #. to indicate that no signals are to be blocked.
7109 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:98
7111 "Glibc uses the BSD version if the B<_BSD_SOURCE> feature test macro is "
7112 "defined and none of B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>, "
7113 "B<_GNU_SOURCE>, or B<_SVID_SOURCE> is defined. Otherwise, the System V "
7118 #: build/C/man3/sigpause.3:106
7120 "B<kill>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<sigprocmask>(2), B<sigsuspend>(2), "
7121 "B<sigblock>(3), B<sigvec>(3), B<feature_test_macros>(7)"
7125 #: build/C/man2/sigpending.2:29
7131 #: build/C/man2/sigpending.2:32
7132 msgid "sigpending - examine pending signals"
7136 #: build/C/man2/sigpending.2:36
7137 msgid "B<int sigpending(sigset_t *>I<set>B<);>"
7141 #: build/C/man2/sigpending.2:45
7143 "B<sigpending>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || "
7148 #: build/C/man2/sigpending.2:53
7150 "B<sigpending>() returns the set of signals that are pending for delivery to "
7151 "the calling thread (i.e., the signals which have been raised while "
7152 "blocked). The mask of pending signals is returned in I<set>."
7156 #: build/C/man2/sigpending.2:59
7158 "B<sigpending>() returns 0 on success and -1 on error. In the event of an "
7159 "error, I<errno> is set to indicate the cause."
7163 #: build/C/man2/sigpending.2:64
7165 "I<set> points to memory which is not a valid part of the process address "
7170 #: build/C/man2/sigpending.2:75
7172 "The set of signals that is pending for a thread is the union of the set of "
7173 "signals that is pending for that thread and the set of signals that is "
7174 "pending for the process as a whole; see B<signal>(7)."
7178 #: build/C/man2/sigpending.2:87
7180 "In versions of glibc up to and including 2.2.1, there is a bug in the "
7181 "wrapper function for B<sigpending>() which means that information about "
7182 "pending real-time signals is not correctly returned."
7186 #: build/C/man2/sigpending.2:95
7188 "B<kill>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<sigprocmask>(2), "
7189 "B<sigsuspend>(2), B<sigsetops>(3), B<signal>(7)"
7193 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:29
7199 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:32
7200 msgid "sigprocmask - examine and change blocked signals"
7204 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:37
7206 "B<int sigprocmask(int >I<how>B<, const sigset_t *>I<set>B<,> B<sigset_t "
7211 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:46
7213 "B<sigprocmask>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || "
7218 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:55
7220 "B<sigprocmask>() is used to fetch and/or change the signal mask of the "
7221 "calling thread. The signal mask is the set of signals whose delivery is "
7222 "currently blocked for the caller (see also B<signal>(7) for more details)."
7226 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:59
7227 msgid "The behavior of the call is dependent on the value of I<how>, as follows."
7231 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:59
7233 msgid "B<SIG_BLOCK>"
7237 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:64
7239 "The set of blocked signals is the union of the current set and the I<set> "
7244 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:64
7246 msgid "B<SIG_UNBLOCK>"
7250 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:70
7252 "The signals in I<set> are removed from the current set of blocked signals. "
7253 "It is permissible to attempt to unblock a signal which is not blocked."
7257 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:70
7259 msgid "B<SIG_SETMASK>"
7263 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:74
7264 msgid "The set of blocked signals is set to the argument I<set>."
7268 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:79
7270 "If I<oldset> is non-NULL, the previous value of the signal mask is stored in "
7275 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:88
7277 "If I<set> is NULL, then the signal mask is unchanged (i.e., I<how> is "
7278 "ignored), but the current value of the signal mask is nevertheless returned "
7279 "in I<oldset> (if it is not NULL)."
7283 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:93
7285 "The use of B<sigprocmask>() is unspecified in a multithreaded process; see "
7286 "B<pthread_sigmask>(3)."
7290 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:99
7292 "B<sigprocmask>() returns 0 on success and -1 on error. In the event of an "
7293 "error, I<errno> is set to indicate the cause."
7297 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:107
7299 "the I<set> or I<oldset> argument points outside the process's allocated "
7304 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:112
7305 msgid "The value specified in I<how> was invalid."
7309 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:118
7311 "It is not possible to block B<SIGKILL> or B<SIGSTOP>. Attempts to do so are "
7316 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:120
7317 msgid "Each of the threads in a process has its own signal mask."
7321 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:140
7323 "If B<SIGBUS>, B<SIGFPE>, B<SIGILL>, or B<SIGSEGV> are generated while they "
7324 "are blocked, the result is undefined, unless the signal was generated by "
7325 "B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), or B<raise>(3)."
7329 #: build/C/man2/sigprocmask.2:155
7331 "B<kill>(2), B<pause>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<sigpending>(2), "
7332 "B<sigsuspend>(2), B<pthread_sigmask>(3), B<sigqueue>(3), B<sigsetops>(3), "
7337 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:28
7343 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:28
7349 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:31
7350 msgid "sigqueue - queue a signal and data to a process"
7354 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:35
7356 "B<int sigqueue(pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<sig>B<, const union sigval "
7361 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:43
7362 msgid "B<sigqueue>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 199309L"
7366 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:55
7368 "B<sigqueue>() sends the signal specified in I<sig> to the process whose PID "
7369 "is given in I<pid>. The permissions required to send a signal are the same "
7370 "as for B<kill>(2). As with B<kill>(2), the null signal (0) can be used to "
7371 "check if a process with a given PID exists."
7375 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:60
7377 "The I<value> argument is used to specify an accompanying item of data "
7378 "(either an integer or a pointer value) to be sent with the signal, and has "
7379 "the following type:"
7383 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:67
7388 " void *sival_ptr;\n"
7393 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:83
7395 "If the receiving process has installed a handler for this signal using the "
7396 "B<SA_SIGINFO> flag to B<sigaction>(2), then it can obtain this data via the "
7397 "I<si_value> field of the I<siginfo_t> structure passed as the second "
7398 "argument to the handler. Furthermore, the I<si_code> field of that "
7399 "structure will be set to B<SI_QUEUE>."
7403 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:91
7405 "On success, B<sigqueue>() returns 0, indicating that the signal was "
7406 "successfully queued to the receiving process. Otherwise -1 is returned and "
7407 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
7411 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:102
7412 msgid "I<sig> was invalid."
7416 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:108
7418 "The process does not have permission to send the signal to the receiving "
7419 "process. For the required permissions, see B<kill>(2)."
7423 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:112
7424 msgid "No process has a PID matching I<pid>."
7428 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:114
7429 msgid "This system call first appeared in Linux 2.2."
7433 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:124
7435 "If this function results in the sending of a signal to the process that "
7436 "invoked it, and that signal was not blocked by the calling thread, and no "
7437 "other threads were willing to handle this signal (either by having it "
7438 "unblocked, or by waiting for it using B<sigwait>(3)), then at least some "
7439 "signal must be delivered to this thread before this function returns."
7443 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:139
7445 "On Linux, this function is implemented using the B<rt_sigqueueinfo>(2) "
7446 "system call. The system call differs in its third argument, which is the "
7447 "I<siginfo_t> structure that will be supplied to the receiving process's "
7448 "signal handler or returned by the receiving process's B<sigtimedwait>(2) "
7449 "call. Inside the glibc B<sigqueue>() wrapper, this argument, I<uinfo>, is "
7450 "initialized as follows:"
7454 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:147
7457 "uinfo.si_signo = sig; /* argument supplied to sigqueue() */\n"
7458 "uinfo.si_code = SI_QUEUE;\n"
7459 "uinfo.si_pid = getpid(); /* Process ID of sender */\n"
7460 "uinfo.si_uid = getuid(); /* Real UID of sender */\n"
7461 "uinfo.si_value = val; /* argument supplied to sigqueue() */\n"
7465 #: build/C/man3/sigqueue.3:157
7467 "B<kill>(2), B<rt_sigqueueinfo>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), "
7468 "B<pthread_sigqueue>(3), B<sigwait>(3), B<signal>(7)"
7472 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:29
7478 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:32
7479 msgid "sigreturn - return from signal handler and cleanup stack frame"
7483 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:34
7484 msgid "B<int sigreturn(unsigned long >I<__unused>B<);>"
7488 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:42
7490 "When the Linux kernel creates the stack frame for a signal handler, a call "
7491 "to B<sigreturn>() is inserted into the stack frame so that upon return from "
7492 "the signal handler, B<sigreturn>() will be called."
7496 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:53
7498 "This B<sigreturn>() call undoes everything that was done\\(emchanging the "
7499 "process's signal mask, switching stacks (see B<sigaltstack>(2))\\(emin order "
7500 "to invoke the signal handler: it restores the process's signal mask, "
7501 "switches stacks, and restores the process's context (registers, processor "
7502 "flags), so that the process directly resumes execution at the point where it "
7503 "was interrupted by the signal."
7507 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:56
7508 msgid "B<sigreturn>() never returns."
7512 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:56
7518 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:58
7519 msgid "/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/kernel/signal.c"
7523 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:60
7524 msgid "/usr/src/linux/arch/alpha/kernel/entry.S"
7528 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:64
7530 "B<sigreturn>() is specific to Linux and should not be used in programs "
7531 "intended to be portable."
7535 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:74
7537 "The B<sigreturn>() call is used by the kernel to implement signal "
7538 "handlers. It should B<never> be called directly. Better yet, the specific "
7539 "use of the I<__unused> argument varies depending on the architecture."
7543 #: build/C/man2/sigreturn.2:80
7545 "B<kill>(2), B<restart_syscall>(2), B<sigaltstack>(2), B<signal>(2), "
7550 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:26
7556 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:29
7557 msgid "sigset, sighold, sigrelse, sigignore - System V signal API"
7561 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:35
7562 msgid "B<sighandler_t sigset(int >I<sig>B<, sighandler_t >I<disp>B<);>"
7566 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:37
7567 msgid "B<int sighold(int >I<sig>B<);>"
7571 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:39
7572 msgid "B<int sigrelse(int >I<sig>B<);>"
7576 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:41
7577 msgid "B<int sigignore(int >I<sig>B<);>"
7581 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:52
7582 msgid "B<sigset>(), B<sighold>(), B<sigrelse>(), B<sigignore>():"
7586 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:56
7587 msgid "_XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
7591 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:65
7593 "These functions are provided in glibc as a compatibility interface for "
7594 "programs that make use of the historical System V signal API. This API is "
7595 "obsolete: new applications should use the POSIX signal API (B<sigaction>(2), "
7596 "B<sigprocmask>(2), etc.)"
7600 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:74
7602 "The B<sigset>() function modifies the disposition of the signal I<sig>. "
7603 "The I<disp> argument can be the address of a signal handler function, or one "
7604 "of the following constants:"
7608 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:74
7614 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:79
7615 msgid "Reset the disposition of I<sig> to the default."
7619 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:79
7625 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:83
7626 msgid "Ignore I<sig>."
7630 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:83
7636 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:90
7638 "Add I<sig> to the process's signal mask, but leave the disposition of I<sig> "
7643 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:96
7645 "If I<disp> specifies the address of a signal handler, then I<sig> is added "
7646 "to the process's signal mask during execution of the handler."
7650 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:104
7652 "If I<disp> was specified as a value other than B<SIG_HOLD>, then I<sig> is "
7653 "removed from the process's signal mask."
7657 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:110 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:87
7658 msgid "The dispositions for B<SIGKILL> and B<SIGSTOP> cannot be changed."
7662 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:116
7663 msgid "The B<sighold>() function adds I<sig> to the calling process's signal mask."
7667 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:122
7669 "The B<sigrelse>() function removes I<sig> from the calling process's signal "
7674 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:129
7675 msgid "The B<sigignore>() function sets the disposition of I<sig> to B<SIG_IGN>."
7679 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:145
7681 "On success, B<sigset>() returns B<SIG_HOLD> if I<sig> was blocked before "
7682 "the call, or the signal's previous disposition if it was not blocked before "
7683 "the call. On error, B<sigset>() returns -1, with I<errno> set to indicate "
7684 "the error. (But see BUGS below.)"
7688 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:154
7690 "The B<sighold>(), B<sigrelse>(), and B<sigignore>() functions return 0 on "
7691 "success; on error, these functions return -1 and set I<errno> to indicate "
7696 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:161
7698 "For B<sigset>() see the ERRORS under B<sigaction>(2) and "
7699 "B<sigprocmask>(2)."
7703 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:168
7704 msgid "For B<sighold>() and B<sigrelse>() see the ERRORS under B<sigprocmask>(2)."
7708 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:173
7709 msgid "For B<sigignore>(), see the errors under B<sigaction>(2)."
7713 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:190
7715 "SVr4, POSIX.1-2001. These functions are obsolete: do not use them in new "
7716 "programs. POSIX.1-2008 marks B<sighold>(), B<sigignore>(), B<sigpause>(), "
7717 "B<sigrelse>(), and B<sigset>() as obsolete, recommending the use of "
7718 "B<sigaction>(2), B<sigprocmask>(2), B<pthread_sigmask>(3), and "
7719 "B<sigsuspend>(2) instead."
7723 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:192
7724 msgid "These functions appeared in glibc version 2.1."
7728 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:198
7730 "The I<sighandler_t> type is a GNU extension; it is used on this page only to "
7731 "make the B<sigset>() prototype more easily readable."
7735 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:206
7737 "The B<sigset>() function provides reliable signal handling semantics (as "
7738 "when calling B<sigaction>(2) with I<sa_mask> equal to 0)."
7742 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:224
7744 "On System V, the B<signal>() function provides unreliable semantics (as "
7745 "when calling B<sigaction>(2) with I<sa_mask> equal to I<SA_RESETHAND | "
7746 "SA_NODEFER>). On BSD, B<signal>() provides reliable semantics. "
7747 "POSIX.1-2001 leaves these aspects of B<signal>() unspecified. See "
7748 "B<signal>(2) for further details."
7752 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:232 build/C/man3/sigvec.3:252
7754 "In order to wait for a signal, BSD and System V both provided a function "
7755 "named B<sigpause>(3), but this function has a different argument on the two "
7756 "systems. See B<sigpause>(3) for details."
7760 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:241
7762 "In versions of glibc before 2.2, B<sigset>() did not unblock I<sig> if "
7763 "I<disp> was specified as a value other than B<SIG_HOLD>."
7766 #. See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1951
7768 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:266
7770 "In versions of glibc before 2.5, B<sigset>() does not correctly return the "
7771 "previous disposition of the signal in two cases. First, if I<disp> is "
7772 "specified as B<SIG_HOLD>, then a successful B<sigset>() always returns "
7773 "B<SIG_HOLD>. Instead, it should return the previous disposition of the "
7774 "signal (unless the signal was blocked, in which case B<SIG_HOLD> should be "
7775 "returned). Second, if the signal is currently blocked, then the return "
7776 "value of a successful B<sigset>() should be B<SIG_HOLD>. Instead, the "
7777 "previous disposition of the signal is returned. These problems have been "
7778 "fixed since glibc 2.5."
7782 #: build/C/man3/sigset.3:276
7784 "B<kill>(2), B<pause>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<sigprocmask>(2), "
7785 "B<raise>(3), B<sigpause>(3), B<sigvec>(3), B<signal>(7)"
7789 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:31
7795 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:35
7797 "sigemptyset, sigfillset, sigaddset, sigdelset, sigismember - POSIX signal "
7802 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:39
7803 msgid "B<int sigemptyset(sigset_t *>I<set>B<);>"
7807 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:41
7808 msgid "B<int sigfillset(sigset_t *>I<set>B<);>"
7812 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:43
7813 msgid "B<int sigaddset(sigset_t *>I<set>B<, int >I<signum>B<);>"
7817 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:45
7818 msgid "B<int sigdelset(sigset_t *>I<set>B<, int >I<signum>B<);>"
7822 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:47
7823 msgid "B<int sigismember(const sigset_t *>I<set>B<, int >I<signum>B<);>"
7827 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:59
7829 "B<sigemptyset>(), B<sigfillset>(), B<sigaddset>(), B<sigdelset>(), "
7834 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:61
7835 msgid "_POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE"
7839 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:65
7840 msgid "These functions allow the manipulation of POSIX signal sets."
7844 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:70
7846 "B<sigemptyset>() initializes the signal set given by I<set> to empty, with "
7847 "all signals excluded from the set."
7851 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:75
7852 msgid "B<sigfillset>() initializes I<set> to full, including all signals."
7856 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:83
7858 "B<sigaddset>() and B<sigdelset>() add and delete respectively signal "
7859 "I<signum> from I<set>."
7863 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:89
7864 msgid "B<sigismember>() tests whether I<signum> is a member of I<set>."
7868 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:107
7870 "Objects of type I<sigset_t> must be initialized by a call to either "
7871 "B<sigemptyset>() or B<sigfillset>() before being passed to the functions "
7872 "B<sigaddset>(), B<sigdelset>() and B<sigismember>() or the additional "
7873 "glibc functions described below (B<sigisemptyset>(), B<sigandset>(), and "
7874 "B<sigorset>()). The results are undefined if this is not done."
7878 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:114
7880 "B<sigemptyset>(), B<sigfillset>(), B<sigaddset>(), and B<sigdelset>() "
7881 "return 0 on success and -1 on error."
7885 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:126
7887 "B<sigismember>() returns 1 if I<signum> is a member of I<set>, 0 if "
7888 "I<signum> is not a member, and -1 on error. On error, these functions set "
7889 "I<errno> to indicate the cause."
7893 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:131
7894 msgid "I<sig> is not a valid signal."
7898 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:134
7904 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:140
7906 "If the B<_GNU_SOURCE> feature test macro is defined, then "
7907 "I<E<lt>signal.hE<gt>> exposes three other functions for manipulating signal "
7912 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:140
7914 msgid "B<int sigisemptyset(sigset_t *>I<set>B<);>"
7918 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:145
7919 msgid "returns 1 if I<set> contains no signals, and 0 otherwise."
7923 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:145
7926 "B<int sigorset(sigset_t *>I<dest>B<, sigset_t *>I<left>B<, sigset_t "
7931 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:154
7932 msgid "places the union of the sets I<left> and I<right> in I<dest>."
7936 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:154
7939 "B<int sigandset(sigset_t *>I<dest>B<, sigset_t *>I<left>B<, sigset_t "
7944 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:163
7945 msgid "places the intersection of the sets I<left> and I<right> in I<dest>."
7949 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:168
7950 msgid "B<sigorset>() and B<sigandset>() return 0 on success, and -1 on failure."
7954 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:171
7956 "These functions are nonstandard (a few other systems provide similar "
7957 "functions) and their use should be avoided in portable applications."
7961 #: build/C/man3/sigsetops.3:176
7962 msgid "B<sigaction>(2), B<sigpending>(2), B<sigprocmask>(2), B<sigsuspend>(2)"
7966 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:29
7972 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:32
7973 msgid "sigsuspend - wait for a signal"
7977 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:36
7978 msgid "B<int sigsuspend(const sigset_t *>I<mask>B<);>"
7982 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:45
7984 "B<sigsuspend>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || "
7989 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:53
7991 "B<sigsuspend>() temporarily replaces the signal mask of the calling process "
7992 "with the mask given by I<mask> and then suspends the process until delivery "
7993 "of a signal whose action is to invoke a signal handler or to terminate a "
7998 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:62
8000 "If the signal terminates the process, then B<sigsuspend>() does not "
8001 "return. If the signal is caught, then B<sigsuspend>() returns after the "
8002 "signal handler returns, and the signal mask is restored to the state before "
8003 "the call to B<sigsuspend>()."
8007 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:70
8009 "It is not possible to block B<SIGKILL> or B<SIGSTOP>; specifying these "
8010 "signals in I<mask>, has no effect on the process's signal mask."
8014 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:76
8016 "B<sigsuspend>() always returns -1, with I<errno> set to inndicate the error "
8017 "(normally, B<EINTR>)."
8021 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:81
8023 "I<mask> points to memory which is not a valid part of the process address "
8028 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:84
8029 msgid "The call was interrupted by a signal."
8033 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:104
8035 "Normally, B<sigsuspend>() is used in conjunction with B<sigprocmask>(2) in "
8036 "order to prevent delivery of a signal during the execution of a critical "
8037 "code section. The caller first blocks the signals with B<sigprocmask>(2). "
8038 "When the critical code has completed, the caller then waits for the signals "
8039 "by calling B<sigsuspend>() with the signal mask that was returned by "
8040 "B<sigprocmask>(2) (in the I<oldset> argument)."
8044 #: build/C/man2/sigsuspend.2:118
8046 "B<kill>(2), B<pause>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<sigprocmask>(2), "
8047 "B<sigwaitinfo>(2), B<sigsetops>(3), B<sigwait>(3), B<signal>(7)"
8051 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:26
8057 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:26
8063 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:29
8064 msgid "sigvec, sigblock, sigsetmask, siggetmask, sigmask - BSD signal API"
8068 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:33
8070 "B<int sigvec(int >I<sig>B<, struct sigvec *>I<vec>B<, struct sigvec "
8075 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:35
8076 msgid "B<int sigmask(int >I<signum>B<);>"
8080 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:37
8081 msgid "B<int sigblock(int >I<mask>B<);>"
8085 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:39
8086 msgid "B<int sigsetmask(int >I<mask>B<);>"
8090 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:41
8091 msgid "B<int siggetmask(void);>"
8095 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:49
8096 msgid "All functions shown above: _BSD_SOURCE"
8100 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:56
8102 "These functions are provided in glibc as a compatibility interface for "
8103 "programs that make use of the historical BSD signal API. This API is "
8104 "obsolete: new applications should use the POSIX signal API (B<sigaction>(2), "
8105 "B<sigprocmask>(2), etc.)."
8109 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:81
8111 "The B<sigvec>() function sets and/or gets the disposition of the signal "
8112 "I<sig> (like the POSIX B<sigaction>(2)). If I<vec> is not NULL, it points "
8113 "to a I<sigvec> structure that defines the new disposition for I<sig>. If "
8114 "I<ovec> is not NULL, it points to a I<sigvec> structure that is used to "
8115 "return the previous disposition of I<sig>. To obtain the current "
8116 "disposition of I<sig> without changing it, specify NULL for I<vec>, and a "
8117 "non-NULL pointer for I<ovec>."
8121 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:91
8122 msgid "The I<sigvec> structure has the following form:"
8126 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:99
8130 " void (*sv_handler)(int); /* Signal disposition */\n"
8131 " int sv_mask; /* Signals to be blocked in handler */\n"
8132 " int sv_flags; /* Flags */\n"
8137 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:110
8139 "The I<sv_handler> field specifies the disposition of the signal, and is "
8140 "either: the address of a signal handler function; B<SIG_DFL>, meaning the "
8141 "default disposition applies for the signal; or B<SIG_IGN>, meaning that the "
8142 "signal is ignored."
8146 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:124
8148 "If I<sv_handler> specifies the address of a signal handler, then I<sv_mask> "
8149 "specifies a mask of signals that are to be blocked while the handler is "
8150 "executing. In addition, the signal for which the handler is invoked is also "
8151 "blocked. Attempts to block B<SIGKILL> or B<SIGSTOP> are silently ignored."
8155 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:131
8157 "If I<sv_handler> specifies the address of a signal handler, then the "
8158 "I<sv_flags> field specifies flags controlling what happens when the handler "
8159 "is called. This field may contain zero or more of the following flags:"
8163 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:131
8165 msgid "B<SV_INTERRUPT>"
8169 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:139
8171 "If the signal handler interrupts a blocking system call, then upon return "
8172 "from the handler the system call will not be restarted: instead it will fail "
8173 "with the error B<EINTR>. If this flag is not specified, then system calls "
8174 "are restarted by default."
8178 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:139
8180 msgid "B<SV_RESETHAND>"
8184 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:148
8186 "Reset the disposition of the signal to the default before calling the signal "
8187 "handler. If this flag is not specified, then the handler remains "
8188 "established until explicitly removed by a later call to B<sigvec>() or "
8189 "until the process performs an B<execve>(2)."
8193 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:148
8195 msgid "B<SV_ONSTACK>"
8199 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:155
8201 "Handle the signal on the alternate signal stack (historically established "
8202 "under BSD using the obsolete B<sigstack>() function; the POSIX replacement "
8203 "is B<sigaltstack>(2))."
8207 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:165
8209 "The B<sigmask>() function constructs and returns a \"signal mask\" for "
8210 "I<signum>. For example, we can initialize the I<vec.sv_mask> field given to "
8211 "B<sigvec>() using code such as the following:"
8215 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:170
8218 " vec.sv_mask = sigmask(SIGQUIT) | sigpause(SIGABRT);\n"
8219 " /* Block SIGQUIT and SIGABRT during\n"
8220 " handler execution */\n"
8224 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:185
8226 "The B<sigblock>() function adds the signals in I<mask> to the process's "
8227 "signal mask (like POSIX I<sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK)>), and returns the "
8228 "process's previous signal mask. Attempts to block B<SIGKILL> or B<SIGSTOP> "
8229 "are silently ignored."
8233 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:193
8235 "The B<sigsetmask>() function sets the process's signal mask to the value "
8236 "given in I<mask> (like POSIX I<sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK)>), and returns the "
8237 "process's previous signal mask."
8241 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:199
8243 "The B<siggetmask>() function returns the process's current signal mask. "
8244 "This call is equivalent to I<sigblock(0)>."
8248 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:205
8250 "The B<sigvec>() function returns 0 on success; on error, it returns -1 and "
8251 "sets I<errno> to indicate the error."
8255 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:211
8257 "The B<sigblock>() and B<sigsetmask>() functions return the previous signal "
8262 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:216
8263 msgid "The B<sigmask>() function returns the signal mask for I<signum>."
8267 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:221
8268 msgid "See the ERRORS under B<sigaction>(2) and B<sigprocmask>(2)."
8272 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:227
8274 "All of these functions were in 4.3BSD, except B<siggetmask>(), whose origin "
8275 "is unclear. These functions are obsolete: do not use them in new programs."
8279 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:244
8281 "On 4.3BSD, the B<signal>() function provided reliable semantics (as when "
8282 "calling B<sigvec>() with I<vec.sv_mask> equal to 0). On System V, "
8283 "B<signal>() provides unreliable semantics. POSIX.1-2001 leaves these "
8284 "aspects of B<signal>() unspecified. See B<signal>(2) for further details."
8288 #: build/C/man3/sigvec.3:262
8290 "B<kill>(2), B<pause>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<sigprocmask>(2), "
8291 "B<raise>(3), B<sigpause>(3), B<sigset>(3), B<signal>(7)"
8295 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:26
8301 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:26
8307 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:29
8308 msgid "sigwait - wait for a signal"
8312 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:34
8314 msgid "B< int sigwait(const sigset_t *>I<set>B<, int *>I<sig>B<);>\n"
8318 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:44
8319 msgid "B<sigwait>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE"
8323 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:56
8325 "The B<sigwait>() function suspends execution of the calling thread until "
8326 "one of the signals specified in the signal set I<set> becomes pending. The "
8327 "function accepts the signal (removes it from the pending list of signals), "
8328 "and returns the signal number in I<sig>."
8332 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:62
8334 "The operation of B<sigwait>() is the same as B<sigwaitinfo>(2), except "
8339 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:67
8341 "B<sigwait>() returns only the signal number, rather than a I<siginfo_t> "
8342 "structure describing the signal."
8346 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:69
8347 msgid "The return values of the two functions are different."
8351 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:74
8353 "On success, B<sigwait>() returns 0. On error, it returns a positive error "
8354 "number (listed in ERRORS)."
8357 #. Does not occur for glibc.
8359 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:80
8360 msgid "I<set> contains an invalid signal number."
8364 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:86
8365 msgid "B<sigwait>() is implemented using B<sigtimedwait>(2)."
8369 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:89
8370 msgid "See B<pthread_sigmask>(3)."
8374 #: build/C/man3/sigwait.3:97
8376 "B<sigaction>(2), B<signalfd>(2), B<sigpending>(2), B<sigsuspend>(2), "
8377 "B<sigwaitinfo>(2), B<sigsetops>(3), B<signal>(7)"
8381 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:25
8387 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:25 build/C/man2/wait.2:49
8393 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:28
8394 msgid "sigwaitinfo, sigtimedwait - synchronously wait for queued signals"
8398 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:33
8400 msgid "B<int sigwaitinfo(const sigset_t *>I<set>B<, siginfo_t *>I<info>B<);>\n"
8404 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:36
8407 "B<int sigtimedwait(const sigset_t *>I<set>B<, siginfo_t *>I<info>B<, >\n"
8408 "B< const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<);>\n"
8412 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:46
8413 msgid "B<sigwaitinfo>(), B<sigtimedwait>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 199309L"
8417 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:56
8419 "B<sigwaitinfo>() suspends execution of the calling thread until one of the "
8420 "signals in I<set> is pending (If one of the signals in I<set> is already "
8421 "pending for the calling thread, B<sigwaitinfo>() will return immediately.)"
8425 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:68
8427 "B<sigwaitinfo>() removes the signal from the set of pending signals and "
8428 "returns the signal number as its function result. If the I<info> argument "
8429 "is not NULL, then the buffer that it points to is used to return a structure "
8430 "of type I<siginfo_t> (see B<sigaction>(2)) containing information about the "
8435 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:76
8437 "If multiple signals in I<set> are pending for the caller, the signal that is "
8438 "retrieved by B<sigwaitinfo>() is determined according to the usual ordering "
8439 "rules; see B<signal>(7) for further details."
8443 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:88
8445 "B<sigtimedwait>() operates in exactly the same way as B<sigwaitinfo>() "
8446 "except that it has an additional argument, I<timeout>, which specifies the "
8447 "interval for which the thread is suspended waiting for a signal. (This "
8448 "interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, and kernel "
8449 "scheduling delays mean that the interval may overrun by a small amount.) "
8450 "This argument is of the following type:"
8454 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:95
8457 "struct timespec {\n"
8458 " long tv_sec; /* seconds */\n"
8459 " long tv_nsec; /* nanoseconds */\n"
8464 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:105
8466 "If both fields of this structure are specified as 0, a poll is performed: "
8467 "B<sigtimedwait>() returns immediately, either with information about a "
8468 "signal that was pending for the caller, or with an error if none of the "
8469 "signals in I<set> was pending."
8473 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:114
8475 "On success, both B<sigwaitinfo>() and B<sigtimedwait>() return a signal "
8476 "number (i.e., a value greater than zero). On failure both calls return -1, "
8477 "with I<errno> set to indicate the error."
8481 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:123
8483 "No signal in I<set> was became pending within the I<timeout> period "
8484 "specified to B<sigtimedwait>()."
8488 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:129
8490 "The wait was interrupted by a signal handler; see B<signal>(7). (This "
8491 "handler was for a signal other than one of those in I<set>.)"
8495 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:133
8496 msgid "I<timeout> was invalid."
8500 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:153
8502 "In normal usage, the calling program blocks the signals in I<set> via a "
8503 "prior call to B<sigprocmask>(2) (so that the default disposition for these "
8504 "signals does not occur if they become pending between successive calls to "
8505 "B<sigwaitinfo>() or B<sigtimedwait>()) and does not establish handlers for "
8506 "these signals. In a multithreaded program, the signal should be blocked in "
8507 "all threads, in order to prevent the signal being treated according to its "
8508 "default disposition in a thread other than the one calling B<sigwaitinfo>() "
8509 "or B<sigtimedwait>())."
8513 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:158
8515 "The set of signals that is pending for a given thread is the union of the "
8516 "set of signals that is pending specifically for that thread and the set of "
8517 "signals that is pending for the process as a whole (see B<signal>(7))."
8521 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:164
8522 msgid "Attempts to wait for B<SIGKILL> and B<SIGSTOP> are silently ignored."
8526 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:173
8528 "If multiple threads of a process are blocked waiting for the same signal(s) "
8529 "in B<sigwaitinfo>() or B<sigtimedwait>(), then exactly one of the threads "
8530 "will actually receive the signal if it becomes pending for the process as a "
8531 "whole; which of the threads receives the signal is indeterminate."
8535 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:182
8537 "POSIX leaves the meaning of a NULL value for the I<timeout> argument of "
8538 "B<sigtimedwait>() unspecified, permitting the possibility that this has the "
8539 "same meaning as a call to B<sigwaitinfo>(), and indeed this is what is done "
8544 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:187
8546 "On Linux, B<sigwaitinfo>() is a library function implemented on top of "
8547 "B<sigtimedwait>()."
8551 #: build/C/man2/sigwaitinfo.2:199
8553 "B<kill>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<signalfd>(2), B<sigpending>(2), "
8554 "B<sigprocmask>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), B<sigsetops>(3), B<sigwait>(3), "
8555 "B<signal>(7), B<time>(7)"
8559 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:25
8565 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:25
8571 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:28
8572 msgid "sysv_signal - signal handling with System V semantics"
8576 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:30
8577 msgid "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
8581 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:36
8582 msgid "B<sighandler_t sysv_signal(int >I<signum>B<, sighandler_t >I<handler>B<);>"
8586 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:41
8588 "The B<sysv_signal>() function takes the same arguments, and performs the "
8589 "same task, as B<signal>(2)."
8593 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:51
8595 "However B<sysv_signal>() provides the System V unreliable signal semantics, "
8596 "that is: a) the disposition of the signal is reset to the default when the "
8597 "handler is invoked; b) delivery of further instances of the signal is not "
8598 "blocked while the signal handler is executing; and c) if the handler "
8599 "interrupts (certain) blocking system calls, then the system call is not "
8600 "automatically restarted."
8604 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:57
8606 "The B<sysv_signal>() function returns the previous value of the signal "
8607 "handler, or B<SIG_ERR> on error."
8611 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:62
8612 msgid "This function is nonstandard."
8616 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:68
8617 msgid "Use of B<sysv_signal>() should be avoided; use B<sigaction>(2) instead."
8621 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:79
8623 "On older Linux systems, B<sysv_signal>() and B<signal>(2) were "
8624 "equivalent. But on newer systems, B<signal>(2) provides reliable signal "
8625 "semantics; see B<signal>(2) for details."
8629 #: build/C/man3/sysv_signal.3:92
8630 msgid "B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<bsd_signal>(3), B<signal>(7)"
8634 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:31
8636 msgid "TIMER_CREATE"
8640 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:31
8646 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:34
8647 msgid "timer_create - create a POSIX per-process timer"
8651 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:38
8654 "B<#include E<lt>signal.hE<gt>>\n"
8655 "B<#include E<lt>time.hE<gt>>\n"
8659 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:41
8662 "B<int timer_create(clockid_t >I<clockid>B<, struct sigevent *>I<sevp>B<,>\n"
8663 "B< timer_t *>I<timerid>B<);>\n"
8667 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:44 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:37 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:37 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:41
8668 msgid "Link with I<-lrt>."
8672 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:52
8673 msgid "B<timer_create>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 199309L"
8677 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:60
8679 "B<timer_create>() creates a new per-process interval timer. The ID of the "
8680 "new timer is returned in the buffer pointed to by I<timerid>, which must be "
8681 "a non-NULL pointer. This ID is unique within the process, until the timer "
8682 "is deleted. The new timer is initially disarmed."
8686 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:65
8688 "The I<clockid> argument specifies the clock that the new timer uses to "
8689 "measure time. It can be specified as one of the following values:"
8693 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:65
8695 msgid "B<CLOCK_REALTIME>"
8699 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:68
8700 msgid "A settable system-wide real-time clock."
8704 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:68
8706 msgid "B<CLOCK_MONOTONIC>"
8709 #. Note: the CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW clock added for clock_gettime()
8710 #. in 2.6.28 is not supported for POSIX timers -- mtk, Feb 2009
8712 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:75
8714 "A nonsettable monotonically increasing clock that measures time from some "
8715 "unspecified point in the past that does not change after system startup."
8719 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:75
8721 msgid "B<CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID> (since Linux 2.6.12)"
8725 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:79
8727 "A clock that measures (user and system) CPU time consumed by (all of the "
8728 "threads in) the calling process."
8732 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:79
8734 msgid "B<CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID> (since Linux 2.6.12)"
8737 #. The CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW that was added in 2.6.28 can't be used
8738 #. to create a timer -- mtk, Feb 2009
8740 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:85
8742 "A clock that measures (user and system) CPU time consumed by the calling "
8747 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:94
8749 "As well as the above values, I<clockid> can be specified as the I<clockid> "
8750 "returned by a call to B<clock_getcpuclockid>(3) or "
8751 "B<pthread_getcpuclockid>(3)."
8755 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:103
8757 "The I<sevp> argument points to a I<sigevent> structure that specifies how "
8758 "the caller should be notified when the timer expires. For the definition "
8759 "and general details of this structure, see B<sigevent>(7)."
8763 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:107
8764 msgid "The I<sevp.sigev_notify> field can have the following values:"
8768 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:112
8770 "Don't asynchronously notify when the timer expires. Progress of the timer "
8771 "can be monitored using B<timer_gettime>(2)."
8775 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:130
8777 "Upon timer expiration, generate the signal I<sigev_signo> for the process. "
8778 "See B<sigevent>(7) for general details. The I<si_code> field of the "
8779 "I<siginfo_t> structure will be set to B<SI_TIMER>. At any point in time, at "
8780 "most one signal is queued to the process for a given timer; see "
8781 "B<timer_getoverrun>(2) for more details."
8785 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:138
8787 "Upon timer expiration, invoke I<sigev_notify_function> as if it were the "
8788 "start function of a new thread. See B<sigevent>(7) for details."
8792 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:152
8794 "As for B<SIGEV_SIGNAL>, but the signal is targeted at the thread whose ID is "
8795 "given in I<sigev_notify_thread_id>, which must be a thread in the same "
8796 "process as the caller. The I<sigev_notify_thread_id> field specifies a "
8797 "kernel thread ID, that is, the value returned by B<clone>(2) or "
8798 "B<gettid>(2). This flag is intended only for use by threading libraries."
8802 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:167
8804 "Specifying I<sevp> as NULL is equivalent to specifying a pointer to a "
8805 "I<sigevent> structure in which I<sigev_notify> is B<SIGEV_SIGNAL>, "
8806 "I<sigev_signo> is B<SIGALRM>, and I<sigev_value.sival_int> is the timer ID."
8810 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:175
8812 "On success, B<timer_create>() returns 0, and the ID of the new timer is "
8813 "placed in I<*timerid>. On failure, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set to "
8814 "indicate the error."
8818 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:179
8819 msgid "Temporary error during kernel allocation of timer structures."
8823 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:187
8825 "Clock ID, I<sigev_notify>, I<sigev_signo>, or I<sigev_notify_thread_id> is "
8829 #. glibc layer: malloc()
8831 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:191
8832 msgid "Could not allocate memory."
8836 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:193 build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:67 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:97
8837 msgid "This system call is available since Linux 2.6."
8841 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:198
8842 msgid "A program may create multiple interval timers using B<timer_create>()."
8846 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:203
8848 "Timers are not inherited by the child of a B<fork>(2), and are disarmed and "
8849 "deleted during an B<execve>(2)."
8853 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:211
8855 "The kernel preallocates a \"queued real-time signal\" for each timer created "
8856 "using B<timer_create>(). Consequently, the number of timers is limited by "
8857 "the B<RLIMIT_SIGPENDING> resource limit (see B<setrlimit>(2))."
8861 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:216
8863 "The timers created by B<timer_create>() are commonly known as \"POSIX "
8864 "(interval) timers\". The POSIX timers API consists of the following "
8869 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:219
8870 msgid "B<timer_create>(): Create a timer."
8874 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:222
8875 msgid "B<timer_settime>(2): Arm (start) or disarm (stop) a timer."
8879 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:226
8881 "B<timer_gettime>(2): Fetch the time remaining until the next expiration of a "
8882 "timer, along with the interval setting of the timer."
8886 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:229
8888 "B<timer_getoverrun>(2): Return the overrun count for the last timer "
8893 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:232
8894 msgid "B<timer_delete>(2): Disarm and delete a timer."
8898 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:235
8900 "Part of the implementation of the POSIX timers API is provided by glibc. In "
8905 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:239
8907 "The functionality for B<SIGEV_THREAD> is implemented within glibc, rather "
8911 #. See the glibc source file kernel-posix-timers.h for the structure
8912 #. that glibc uses to map user-space timer IDs to kernel timer IDs
8913 #. The kernel-level timer ID is exposed via siginfo.si_tid.
8915 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:245
8917 "The timer IDs presented at user level are maintained by glibc, which maps "
8918 "these IDs to the timer IDs employed by the kernel."
8922 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:253
8924 "The POSIX timers system calls first appeared in Linux 2.6. Prior to this, "
8925 "glibc provided an incomplete user-space implementation (B<CLOCK_REALTIME> "
8926 "timers only) using POSIX threads, and current glibc falls back to this "
8927 "implementation on systems running pre-2.6 Linux kernels."
8931 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:265
8933 "The program below takes two arguments: a sleep period in seconds, and a "
8934 "timer frequency in nanoseconds. The program establishes a handler for the "
8935 "signal it uses for the timer, blocks that signal, creates and arms a timer "
8936 "that expires with the given frequency, sleeps for the specified number of "
8937 "seconds, and then unblocks the timer signal. Assuming that the timer "
8938 "expired at least once while the program slept, the signal handler will be "
8939 "invoked, and the handler displays some information about the timer "
8940 "notification. The program terminates after one invocation of the signal "
8945 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:270
8947 "In the following example run, the program sleeps for 1 second, after "
8948 "creating a timer that has a frequency of 100 nanoseconds. By the time the "
8949 "signal is unblocked and delivered, there have been around ten million "
8954 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:282
8957 "$ B<./a.out 1 100>\n"
8958 "Establishing handler for signal 34\n"
8959 "Blocking signal 34\n"
8960 "timer ID is 0x804c008\n"
8961 "Sleeping for 1 seconds\n"
8962 "Unblocking signal 34\n"
8963 "Caught signal 34\n"
8964 " sival_ptr = 0xbfb174f4; *sival_ptr = 0x804c008\n"
8965 " overrun count = 10004886\n"
8969 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:292
8972 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
8973 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
8974 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
8975 "#include E<lt>signal.hE<gt>\n"
8976 "#include E<lt>time.hE<gt>\n"
8980 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:295
8983 "#define CLOCKID CLOCK_REALTIME\n"
8984 "#define SIG SIGRTMIN\n"
8988 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:298
8991 "#define errExit(msg) do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \\e\n"
8996 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:304
9000 "print_siginfo(siginfo_t *si)\n"
9007 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:306
9009 msgid " tidp = si-E<gt>si_value.sival_ptr;\n"
9013 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:309
9016 " printf(\" sival_ptr = %p; \", si-E<gt>si_value.sival_ptr);\n"
9017 " printf(\" *sival_ptr = 0x%lx\\en\", (long) *tidp);\n"
9021 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:316
9024 " or = timer_getoverrun(*tidp);\n"
9026 " errExit(\"timer_getoverrun\");\n"
9028 " printf(\" overrun count = %d\\en\", or);\n"
9033 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:323
9037 "handler(int sig, siginfo_t *si, void *uc)\n"
9039 " /* Note: calling printf() from a signal handler is not\n"
9040 " strictly correct, since printf() is not async-signal-safe;\n"
9041 " see signal(7) */\n"
9045 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:328
9048 " printf(\"Caught signal %d\\en\", sig);\n"
9049 " print_siginfo(si);\n"
9050 " signal(sig, SIG_IGN);\n"
9055 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:338
9059 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
9061 " timer_t timerid;\n"
9062 " struct sigevent sev;\n"
9063 " struct itimerspec its;\n"
9064 " long long freq_nanosecs;\n"
9066 " struct sigaction sa;\n"
9070 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:344
9073 " if (argc != 3) {\n"
9074 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>sleep-secsE<gt> "
9075 "E<lt>freq-nanosecsE<gt>\\en\",\n"
9077 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
9082 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:346
9084 msgid " /* Establish handler for timer signal */\n"
9088 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:353
9091 " printf(\"Establishing handler for signal %d\\en\", SIG);\n"
9092 " sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;\n"
9093 " sa.sa_sigaction = handler;\n"
9094 " sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);\n"
9095 " if (sigaction(SIG, &sa, NULL) == -1)\n"
9096 " errExit(\"sigaction\");\n"
9100 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:355
9102 msgid " /* Block timer signal temporarily */\n"
9106 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:361
9109 " printf(\"Blocking signal %d\\en\", SIG);\n"
9110 " sigemptyset(&mask);\n"
9111 " sigaddset(&mask, SIG);\n"
9112 " if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL) == -1)\n"
9113 " errExit(\"sigprocmask\");\n"
9117 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:363
9119 msgid " /* Create the timer */\n"
9123 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:369
9126 " sev.sigev_notify = SIGEV_SIGNAL;\n"
9127 " sev.sigev_signo = SIG;\n"
9128 " sev.sigev_value.sival_ptr = &timerid;\n"
9129 " if (timer_create(CLOCKID, &sev, &timerid) == -1)\n"
9130 " errExit(\"timer_create\");\n"
9134 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:371
9136 msgid " printf(\"timer ID is 0x%lx\\en\", (long) timerid);\n"
9140 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:373
9142 msgid " /* Start the timer */\n"
9146 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:379
9149 " freq_nanosecs = atoll(argv[2]);\n"
9150 " its.it_value.tv_sec = freq_nanosecs / 1000000000;\n"
9151 " its.it_value.tv_nsec = freq_nanosecs % 1000000000;\n"
9152 " its.it_interval.tv_sec = its.it_value.tv_sec;\n"
9153 " its.it_interval.tv_nsec = its.it_value.tv_nsec;\n"
9157 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:382
9160 " if (timer_settime(timerid, 0, &its, NULL) == -1)\n"
9161 " errExit(\"timer_settime\");\n"
9165 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:385
9168 " /* Sleep for a while; meanwhile, the timer may expire\n"
9169 " multiple times */\n"
9173 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:388
9176 " printf(\"Sleeping for %d seconds\\en\", atoi(argv[1]));\n"
9177 " sleep(atoi(argv[1]));\n"
9181 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:391
9184 " /* Unlock the timer signal, so that timer notification\n"
9185 " can be delivered */\n"
9189 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:395
9192 " printf(\"Unblocking signal %d\\en\", SIG);\n"
9193 " if (sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &mask, NULL) == -1)\n"
9194 " errExit(\"sigprocmask\");\n"
9198 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:398 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:540
9201 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
9206 #: build/C/man2/timer_create.2:414
9208 "B<clock_gettime>(2), B<setitimer>(2), B<timer_delete>(2), "
9209 "B<timer_getoverrun>(2), B<timer_settime>(2), B<timerfd_create>(2), "
9210 "B<clock_getcpuclockid>(3), B<pthread_getcpuclockid>(3), B<pthreads>(7), "
9211 "B<sigevent>(7), B<signal>(7), B<time>(7)"
9215 #: build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:26
9217 msgid "TIMER_DELETE"
9221 #: build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:26 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:26
9227 #: build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:29
9228 msgid "timer_delete - delete a POSIX per-process timer"
9232 #: build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:32 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:32 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:33
9234 msgid "B<#include E<lt>time.hE<gt>>\n"
9238 #: build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:34
9240 msgid "B<int timer_delete(timer_t >I<timerid>B<);>\n"
9244 #: build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:45
9245 msgid "B<timer_delete>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 199309L"
9249 #: build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:53
9251 "B<timer_delete>() deletes the timer whose ID is given in I<timerid>. If "
9252 "the timer was armed at the time of this call, it is disarmed before being "
9253 "deleted. The treatment of any pending signal generated by the deleted timer "
9258 #: build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:60
9260 "On success, B<timer_delete>() returns 0. On failure, -1 is returned, and "
9261 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
9265 #: build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:65 build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:95
9266 msgid "I<timerid> is not a valid timer ID."
9270 #: build/C/man2/timer_delete.2:75
9272 "B<clock_gettime>(2), B<timer_create>(2), B<timer_getoverrun>(2), "
9273 "B<timer_settime>(2), B<time>(7)"
9277 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:26
9279 msgid "TIMER_GETOVERRUN"
9283 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:29
9284 msgid "timer_getoverrun - get overrun count for a POSIX per-process timer"
9288 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:34
9290 msgid "B<int timer_getoverrun(timer_t >I<timerid>B<);>\n"
9294 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:45
9295 msgid "B<timer_getoverrun>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 199309L"
9299 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:56
9301 "B<timer_getoverrun>() returns the \"overrun count\" for the timer referred "
9302 "to by I<timerid>. An application can use the overrun count to accurately "
9303 "calculate the number of timer expirations that would have occurred over a "
9304 "given time interval. Timer overruns can occur both when receiving "
9305 "expiration notifications via signals (B<SIGEV_SIGNAL>), and via threads "
9306 "(B<SIGEV_THREAD>)."
9310 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:76
9312 "When expiration notifications are delivered via a signal, overruns can occur "
9313 "as follows. Regardless of whether or not a real-time signal is used for "
9314 "timer notifications, the system queues at most one signal per timer. (This "
9315 "is the behavior specified by POSIX.1-2001. The alternative, queuing one "
9316 "signal for each timer expiration, could easily result in overflowing the "
9317 "allowed limits for queued signals on the system.) Because of system "
9318 "scheduling delays, or because the signal may be temporarily blocked, there "
9319 "can be a delay between the time when the notification signal is generated "
9320 "and the time when it is delivered (e.g., caught by a signal handler) or "
9321 "accepted (e.g., using B<sigwaitinfo>(2)). In this interval, further timer "
9322 "expirations may occur. The timer overrun count is the number of additional "
9323 "timer expirations that occurred between the time when the signal was "
9324 "generated and when it was delivered or accepted."
9328 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:82
9330 "Timer overruns can also occur when expiration notifications are delivered "
9331 "via invocation of a thread, since there may be an arbitrary delay between an "
9332 "expiration of the timer and the invocation of the notification thread, and "
9333 "in that delay interval, additional timer expirations may occur"
9337 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:90
9339 "On success, B<timer_getoverrun>() returns the overrun count of the "
9340 "specified timer; this count may be 0 if no overruns have occurred. On "
9341 "failure, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
9345 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:111
9347 "When timer notifications are delivered via signals (B<SIGEV_SIGNAL>), on "
9348 "Linux it is also possible to obtain the overrun count via the I<si_overrun> "
9349 "field of the I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)). This allows an "
9350 "application to avoid the overhead of making a system call to obtain the "
9351 "overrun count, but is a nonportable extension to POSIX.1-2001."
9354 #. FIXME . Austin bug filed, 11 Feb 09
9356 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:115
9358 "POSIX.1-2001 discusses timer overruns only in the context of timer "
9359 "notifications using signals."
9362 #. Bug filed: http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12665
9363 #. http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/113276/
9365 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:128
9367 "POSIX.1-2001 specifies that if the timer overrun count is equal to or "
9368 "greater than an implementation-defined maximum, B<DELAYTIMER_MAX>, then "
9369 "B<timer_getoverrun>() should return B<DELAYTIMER_MAX>. However, Linux does "
9370 "not implement this feature: instead, if the timer overrun value exceeds the "
9371 "maximum representable integer, the counter cycles, starting once more from "
9376 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:131 build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:212
9377 msgid "See B<timer_create>(2)."
9381 #: build/C/man2/timer_getoverrun.2:141
9383 "B<clock_gettime>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signalfd>(2), B<sigwaitinfo>(2), "
9384 "B<timer_create>(2), B<timer_delete>(2), B<timer_settime>(2), B<signal>(7), "
9389 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:26
9391 msgid "TIMER_SETTIME"
9395 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:26
9401 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:30
9403 "timer_settime, timer_gettime - arm/disarm and fetch state of POSIX "
9408 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:38
9411 "B<int timer_settime(timer_t >I<timerid>B<, int >I<flags>B<,>\n"
9412 "B< const struct itimerspec *>I<new_value>B<,>\n"
9413 "B< struct itimerspec * >I<old_value>B<);>\n"
9414 "B<int timer_gettime(timer_t >I<timerid>B<, struct itimerspec "
9415 "*>I<curr_value>B<);>\n"
9419 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:50
9420 msgid "B<timer_settime>(), B<timer_gettime>(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 199309L"
9424 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:63
9426 "B<timer_settime>() arms or disarms the timer identified by I<timerid>. The "
9427 "I<new_value> argument is pointer to an I<itimerspec> structure that "
9428 "specifies the new initial value and the new interval for the timer. The "
9429 "I<itimerspec> structure is defined as follows:"
9433 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:70 build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:128
9436 "struct timespec {\n"
9437 " time_t tv_sec; /* Seconds */\n"
9438 " long tv_nsec; /* Nanoseconds */\n"
9443 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:75
9446 "struct itimerspec {\n"
9447 " struct timespec it_interval; /* Timer interval */\n"
9448 " struct timespec it_value; /* Initial expiration */\n"
9453 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:87
9455 "Each of the substructures of the I<itimerspec> structure is a I<timespec> "
9456 "structure that allows a time value to be specified in seconds and "
9457 "nanoseconds. These time values are measured according to the clock that was "
9458 "specified when the timer was created by B<timer_create>(2)"
9462 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:101
9464 "If I<new_value-E<gt>it_value> specifies a nonzero value (i.e., either "
9465 "subfield is nonzero), then B<timer_settime>() arms (starts) the timer, "
9466 "setting it to initially expire at the given time. (If the timer was already "
9467 "armed, then the previous settings are overwritten.) If "
9468 "I<new_value-E<gt>it_value> specifies a zero value (i.e., both subfields are "
9469 "zero), then the timer is disarmed."
9473 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:113
9475 "The I<new_value-E<gt>it_interval> field specifies the period of the timer, "
9476 "in seconds and nanoseconds. If this field is nonzero, then each time that "
9477 "an armed timer expires, the timer is reloaded from the value specified in "
9478 "I<new_value-E<gt>it_interval>. If I<new_value-E<gt>it_interval> specifies a "
9479 "zero value then the timer expires just once, at the time specified by "
9483 #. By experiment: the overrun count is set correctly, for CLOCK_REALTIME.
9485 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:134
9487 "By default, the initial expiration time specified in "
9488 "I<new_value-E<gt>it_value> is interpreted relative to the current time on "
9489 "the timer's clock at the time of the call. This can be modified by "
9490 "specifying B<TIMER_ABSTIME> in I<flags>, in which case "
9491 "I<new_value-E<gt>it_value> is interpreted as an absolute value as measured "
9492 "on the timer's clock; that is, the timer will expire when the clock value "
9493 "reaches the value specified by I<new_value-E<gt>it_value>. If the specified "
9494 "absolute time has already passed, then the timer expires immediately, and "
9495 "the overrun count (see B<timer_getoverrun>(2)) will be set correctly."
9498 #. Similar remarks might apply with respect to process and thread CPU time
9499 #. clocks, but these clocks are not currently (2.6.28) settable on Linux.
9501 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:144
9503 "If the value of the B<CLOCK_REALTIME> clock is adjusted while an absolute "
9504 "timer based on that clock is armed, then the expiration of the timer will be "
9505 "appropriately adjusted. Adjustments to the B<CLOCK_REALTIME> clock have no "
9506 "effect on relative timers based on that clock."
9510 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:153
9512 "If I<old_value> is not NULL, then it points to a buffer that is used to "
9513 "return the previous interval of the timer (in I<old_value-E<gt>it_interval>) "
9514 "and the amount of time until the timer would previously have next expired "
9515 "(in I<old_value-E<gt>it_value>)."
9519 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:173
9521 "B<timer_gettime>() returns the time until next expiration, and the "
9522 "interval, for the timer specified by I<timerid>, in the buffer pointed to by "
9523 "I<curr_value>. The time remaining until the next timer expiration is "
9524 "returned in I<curr_value-E<gt>it_value>; this is always a relative value, "
9525 "regardless of whether the B<TIMER_ABSTIME> flag was used when arming the "
9526 "timer. If the value returned in I<curr_value-E<gt>it_value> is zero, then "
9527 "the timer is currently disarmed. The timer interval is returned in "
9528 "I<curr_value-E<gt>it_interval>. If the value returned in "
9529 "I<curr_value-E<gt>it_interval> is zero, then this is a \"one-shot\" timer."
9533 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:182
9535 "On success, B<timer_settime>() and B<timer_gettime>() return 0. On error, "
9536 "-1 is returned, and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
9540 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:184
9541 msgid "These functions may fail with the following errors:"
9545 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:191
9546 msgid "I<new_value>, I<old_value>, or I<curr_value> is not a valid pointer."
9549 #. FIXME . eventually: invalid value in flags
9551 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:196
9552 msgid "I<timerid> is invalid."
9556 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:199
9557 msgid "B<timer_settime>() may fail with the following errors:"
9561 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:205
9563 "I<new_value.it_value> is negative; or I<new_value.it_value.tv_nsec> is "
9564 "negative or greater than 999,999,999."
9568 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:207
9569 msgid "These system calls are available since Linux 2.6."
9573 #: build/C/man2/timer_settime.2:216
9574 msgid "B<timer_create>(2), B<timer_getoverrun>(2), B<time>(7)"
9578 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:21
9580 msgid "TIMERFD_CREATE"
9584 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:21
9590 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:25
9592 "timerfd_create, timerfd_settime, timerfd_gettime - timers that notify via "
9597 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:28
9599 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/timerfd.hE<gt>>\n"
9603 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:30
9605 msgid "B<int timerfd_create(int >I<clockid>B<, int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
9609 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:34
9612 "B<int timerfd_settime(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<flags>B<,>\n"
9613 "B< const struct itimerspec *>I<new_value>B<,>\n"
9614 "B< struct itimerspec *>I<old_value>B<);>\n"
9618 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:36
9620 msgid "B<int timerfd_gettime(int >I<fd>B<, struct itimerspec *>I<curr_value>B<);>\n"
9624 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:49
9626 "These system calls create and operate on a timer that delivers timer "
9627 "expiration notifications via a file descriptor. They provide an alternative "
9628 "to the use of B<setitimer>(2) or B<timer_create>(2), with the advantage "
9629 "that the file descriptor may be monitored by B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), and "
9634 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:61
9636 "The use of these three system calls is analogous to the use of "
9637 "B<timer_create>(2), B<timer_settime>(2), and B<timer_gettime>(2). (There is "
9638 "no analog of B<timer_getoverrun>(2), since that functionality is provided by "
9639 "B<read>(2), as described below.)"
9643 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:61
9645 msgid "timerfd_create()"
9649 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:80
9651 "B<timerfd_create>() creates a new timer object, and returns a file "
9652 "descriptor that refers to that timer. The I<clockid> argument specifies the "
9653 "clock that is used to mark the progress of the timer, and must be either "
9654 "B<CLOCK_REALTIME> or B<CLOCK_MONOTONIC>. B<CLOCK_REALTIME> is a settable "
9655 "system-wide clock. B<CLOCK_MONOTONIC> is a nonsettable clock that is not "
9656 "affected by discontinuous changes in the system clock (e.g., manual changes "
9657 "to system time). The current value of each of these clocks can be retrieved "
9658 "using B<clock_gettime>(2)."
9662 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:85
9664 "Starting with Linux 2.6.27, the following values may be bitwise ORed in "
9665 "I<flags> to change the behavior of B<timerfd_create>():"
9669 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:85
9671 msgid "B<TFD_NONBLOCK>"
9675 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:93
9677 msgid "B<TFD_CLOEXEC>"
9681 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:107
9683 "In Linux versions up to and including 2.6.26, I<flags> must be specified as "
9688 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:107
9690 msgid "timerfd_settime()"
9694 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:112
9696 "B<timerfd_settime>() arms (starts) or disarms (stops) the timer referred "
9697 "to by the file descriptor I<fd>."
9701 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:121
9703 "The I<new_value> argument specifies the initial expiration and interval for "
9704 "the timer. The I<itimer> structure used for this argument contains two "
9705 "fields, each of which is in turn a structure of type I<timespec>:"
9709 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:133
9712 "struct itimerspec {\n"
9713 " struct timespec it_interval; /* Interval for periodic timer */\n"
9714 " struct timespec it_value; /* Initial expiration */\n"
9719 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:145
9721 "I<new_value.it_value> specifies the initial expiration of the timer, in "
9722 "seconds and nanoseconds. Setting either field of I<new_value.it_value> to a "
9723 "nonzero value arms the timer. Setting both fields of I<new_value.it_value> "
9724 "to zero disarms the timer."
9728 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:154
9730 "Setting one or both fields of I<new_value.it_interval> to nonzero values "
9731 "specifies the period, in seconds and nanoseconds, for repeated timer "
9732 "expirations after the initial expiration. If both fields of "
9733 "I<new_value.it_interval> are zero, the timer expires just once, at the time "
9734 "specified by I<new_value.it_value>."
9738 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:170
9740 "The I<flags> argument is either 0, to start a relative timer "
9741 "(I<new_value.it_value> specifies a time relative to the current value of the "
9742 "clock specified by I<clockid>), or B<TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME>, to start an "
9743 "absolute timer (I<new_value.it_value> specifies an absolute time for the "
9744 "clock specified by I<clockid>; that is, the timer will expire when the value "
9745 "of that clock reaches the value specified in I<new_value.it_value>)."
9749 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:181
9751 "If the I<old_value> argument is not NULL, then the I<itimerspec> structure "
9752 "that it points to is used to return the setting of the timer that was "
9753 "current at the time of the call; see the description of B<timerfd_gettime>() "
9758 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:181
9760 msgid "timerfd_gettime()"
9764 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:190
9766 "B<timerfd_gettime>() returns, in I<curr_value>, an I<itimerspec> structure "
9767 "that contains the current setting of the timer referred to by the file "
9772 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:200
9774 "The I<it_value> field returns the amount of time until the timer will next "
9775 "expire. If both fields of this structure are zero, then the timer is "
9776 "currently disarmed. This field always contains a relative value, regardless "
9777 "of whether the B<TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME> flag was specified when setting the "
9782 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:207
9784 "The I<it_interval> field returns the interval of the timer. If both fields "
9785 "of this structure are zero, then the timer is set to expire just once, at "
9786 "the time specified by I<curr_value.it_value>."
9790 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:207
9792 msgid "Operating on a timer file descriptor"
9796 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:211
9798 "The file descriptor returned by B<timerfd_create>() supports the following "
9803 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:225
9805 "If the timer has already expired one or more times since its settings were "
9806 "last modified using B<timerfd_settime>(), or since the last successful "
9807 "B<read>(2), then the buffer given to B<read>(2) returns an unsigned 8-byte "
9808 "integer (I<uint64_t>) containing the number of expirations that have "
9809 "occurred. (The returned value is in host byte order, i.e., the native byte "
9810 "order for integers on the host machine.)"
9814 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:238
9816 "If no timer expirations have occurred at the time of the B<read>(2), then "
9817 "the call either blocks until the next timer expiration, or fails with the "
9818 "error B<EAGAIN> if the file descriptor has been made nonblocking (via the "
9819 "use of the B<fcntl>(2) B<F_SETFL> operation to set the B<O_NONBLOCK> flag)."
9823 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:244
9825 "A B<read>(2) will fail with the error B<EINVAL> if the size of the supplied "
9826 "buffer is less than 8 bytes."
9830 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:255
9832 "The file descriptor is readable (the B<select>(2) I<readfds> argument; the "
9833 "B<poll>(2) B<POLLIN> flag) if one or more timer expirations have occurred."
9837 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:262
9839 "The file descriptor also supports the other file-descriptor multiplexing "
9840 "APIs: B<pselect>(2), B<ppoll>(2), and B<epoll>(7)."
9844 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:269
9846 "When the file descriptor is no longer required it should be closed. When "
9847 "all file descriptors associated with the same timer object have been closed, "
9848 "the timer is disarmed and its resources are freed by the kernel."
9852 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:281
9854 "After a B<fork>(2), the child inherits a copy of the file descriptor created "
9855 "by B<timerfd_create>(). The file descriptor refers to the same underlying "
9856 "timer object as the corresponding file descriptor in the parent, and "
9857 "B<read>(2)s in the child will return information about expirations of the "
9862 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:287
9864 "A file descriptor created by B<timerfd_create>() is preserved across "
9865 "B<execve>(2), and continues to generate timer expirations if the timer was "
9870 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:294
9872 "On success, B<timerfd_create>() returns a new file descriptor. On error, "
9873 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
9877 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:302
9879 "B<timerfd_settime>() and B<timerfd_gettime>() return 0 on success; on "
9880 "error they return -1, and set I<errno> to indicate the error."
9884 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:305
9885 msgid "B<timerfd_create>() can fail with the following errors:"
9889 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:313
9890 msgid "The I<clockid> argument is neither B<CLOCK_MONOTONIC> nor B<CLOCK_REALTIME>;"
9894 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:333
9895 msgid "There was insufficient kernel memory to create the timer."
9899 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:338
9901 "B<timerfd_settime>() and B<timerfd_gettime>() can fail with the following "
9906 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:342
9907 msgid "I<fd> is not a valid file descriptor."
9911 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:353
9912 msgid "I<fd> is not a valid timerfd file descriptor."
9916 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:356
9917 msgid "B<timerfd_settime>() can also fail with the following errors:"
9921 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:362
9923 "I<new_value> is not properly initialized (one of the I<tv_nsec> falls "
9924 "outside the range zero to 999,999,999)."
9927 #. This case only checked since 2.6.29, and 2.2.2[78].some-stable-version.
9928 #. In older kernel versions, no check was made for invalid flags.
9930 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:368
9931 msgid "I<flags> is invalid."
9935 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:371
9937 "These system calls are available on Linux since kernel 2.6.25. Library "
9938 "support is provided by glibc since version 2.8."
9943 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:379
9945 "Currently, B<timerfd_create>() supports fewer types of clock IDs than "
9946 "B<timer_create>(2)."
9950 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:388
9952 "The following program creates a timer and then monitors its progress. The "
9953 "program accepts up to three command-line arguments. The first argument "
9954 "specifies the number of seconds for the initial expiration of the timer. "
9955 "The second argument specifies the interval for the timer, in seconds. The "
9956 "third argument specifies the number of times the program should allow the "
9957 "timer to expire before terminating. The second and third command-line "
9958 "arguments are optional."
9962 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:390 build/C/man2/wait.2:569
9963 msgid "The following shell session demonstrates the use of the program:"
9967 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:405
9970 "$B< a.out 3 1 100>\n"
9971 "0.000: timer started\n"
9972 "3.000: read: 1; total=1\n"
9973 "4.000: read: 1; total=2\n"
9974 "B<^Z > # type control-Z to suspend the program\n"
9975 "[1]+ Stopped ./timerfd3_demo 3 1 100\n"
9976 "$ B<fg> # Resume execution after a few seconds\n"
9978 "9.660: read: 5; total=7\n"
9979 "10.000: read: 1; total=8\n"
9980 "11.000: read: 1; total=9\n"
9981 "B<^C > # type control-C to suspend the program\n"
9984 #. The commented out code here is what we currently need until
9985 #. the required stuff is in glibc
9988 #. /* Link with -lrt */
9989 #. #define _GNU_SOURCE
9990 #. #include <sys/syscall.h>
9991 #. #include <unistd.h>
9992 #. #include <time.h>
9993 #. #if defined(__i386__)
9994 #. #define __NR_timerfd_create 322
9995 #. #define __NR_timerfd_settime 325
9996 #. #define __NR_timerfd_gettime 326
10000 #. timerfd_create(int clockid, int flags)
10002 #. return syscall(__NR_timerfd_create, clockid, flags);
10006 #. timerfd_settime(int fd, int flags, struct itimerspec *new_value,
10007 #. struct itimerspec *curr_value)
10009 #. return syscall(__NR_timerfd_settime, fd, flags, new_value,
10014 #. timerfd_gettime(int fd, struct itimerspec *curr_value)
10016 #. return syscall(__NR_timerfd_gettime, fd, curr_value);
10019 #. #define TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME (1 << 0)
10021 #. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
10022 #. type: Plain text
10023 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:454
10026 "#include E<lt>sys/timerfd.hE<gt>\n"
10027 "#include E<lt>time.hE<gt>\n"
10028 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
10029 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
10030 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
10031 "#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt> /* Definition of uint64_t */\n"
10034 #. type: Plain text
10035 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:457
10038 "#define handle_error(msg) \\e\n"
10039 " do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)\n"
10042 #. type: Plain text
10043 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:465
10047 "print_elapsed_time(void)\n"
10049 " static struct timespec start;\n"
10050 " struct timespec curr;\n"
10051 " static int first_call = 1;\n"
10052 " int secs, nsecs;\n"
10055 #. type: Plain text
10056 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:471
10059 " if (first_call) {\n"
10060 " first_call = 0;\n"
10061 " if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start) == -1)\n"
10062 " handle_error(\"clock_gettime\");\n"
10066 #. type: Plain text
10067 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:474
10070 " if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &curr) == -1)\n"
10071 " handle_error(\"clock_gettime\");\n"
10074 #. type: Plain text
10075 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:483
10078 " secs = curr.tv_sec - start.tv_sec;\n"
10079 " nsecs = curr.tv_nsec - start.tv_nsec;\n"
10080 " if (nsecs E<lt> 0) {\n"
10082 " nsecs += 1000000000;\n"
10084 " printf(\"%d.%03d: \", secs, (nsecs + 500000) / 1000000);\n"
10088 #. type: Plain text
10089 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:492
10093 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
10095 " struct itimerspec new_value;\n"
10096 " int max_exp, fd;\n"
10097 " struct timespec now;\n"
10098 " uint64_t exp, tot_exp;\n"
10102 #. type: Plain text
10103 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:498
10106 " if ((argc != 2) && (argc != 4)) {\n"
10107 " fprintf(stderr, \"%s init-secs [interval-secs max-exp]\\en\",\n"
10109 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10113 #. type: Plain text
10114 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:501
10117 " if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &now) == -1)\n"
10118 " handle_error(\"clock_gettime\");\n"
10121 #. type: Plain text
10122 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:504
10125 " /* Create a CLOCK_REALTIME absolute timer with initial\n"
10126 " expiration and interval as specified in command line */\n"
10129 #. type: Plain text
10130 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:515
10133 " new_value.it_value.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + atoi(argv[1]);\n"
10134 " new_value.it_value.tv_nsec = now.tv_nsec;\n"
10135 " if (argc == 2) {\n"
10136 " new_value.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;\n"
10139 " new_value.it_interval.tv_sec = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
10140 " max_exp = atoi(argv[3]);\n"
10142 " new_value.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;\n"
10145 #. type: Plain text
10146 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:519
10149 " fd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0);\n"
10151 " handle_error(\"timerfd_create\");\n"
10154 #. type: Plain text
10155 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:522
10158 " if (timerfd_settime(fd, TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME, &new_value, NULL) == -1)\n"
10159 " handle_error(\"timerfd_settime\");\n"
10162 #. type: Plain text
10163 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:525
10166 " print_elapsed_time();\n"
10167 " printf(\"timer started\\en\");\n"
10170 #. type: Plain text
10171 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:530
10174 " for (tot_exp = 0; tot_exp E<lt> max_exp;) {\n"
10175 " s = read(fd, &exp, sizeof(uint64_t));\n"
10176 " if (s != sizeof(uint64_t))\n"
10177 " handle_error(\"read\");\n"
10180 #. type: Plain text
10181 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:537
10184 " tot_exp += exp;\n"
10185 " print_elapsed_time();\n"
10186 " printf(\"read: %llu; total=%llu\\en\",\n"
10187 " (unsigned long long) exp,\n"
10188 " (unsigned long long) tot_exp);\n"
10192 #. type: Plain text
10193 #: build/C/man2/timerfd_create.2:553
10195 "B<eventfd>(2), B<poll>(2), B<read>(2), B<select>(2), B<setitimer>(2), "
10196 "B<signalfd>(2), B<timer_create>(2), B<timer_gettime>(2), "
10197 "B<timer_settime>(2), B<epoll>(7), B<time>(7)"
10201 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:29
10206 #. type: Plain text
10207 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:32
10208 msgid "tkill, tgkill - send a signal to a thread"
10211 #. type: Plain text
10212 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:35
10214 msgid "B<int tkill(int >I<tid>B<, int >I<sig>B<);>\n"
10217 #. type: Plain text
10218 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:37
10220 msgid "B<int tgkill(int >I<tgid>B<, int >I<tid>B<, int >I<sig>B<);>\n"
10223 #. type: Plain text
10224 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:54
10226 "B<tgkill>() sends the signal I<sig> to the thread with the thread ID I<tid> "
10227 "in the thread group I<tgid>. (By contrast, B<kill>(2) can be used to send "
10228 "a signal only to a process (i.e., thread group) as a whole, and the signal "
10229 "will be delivered to an arbitrary thread within that process.)"
10232 #. FIXME: Maybe say something about the following:
10233 #. http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12889
10234 #. Rich Felker <bugdal@aerifal.cx>
10235 #. There is a race condition in pthread_kill: it is possible that,
10236 #. between the time pthread_kill reads the pid/tid from the target
10237 #. thread descriptor and the time it makes the tgkill syscall,
10238 #. the target thread terminates and the same tid gets assigned
10239 #. to a new thread in the same process.
10241 #. (The tgkill syscall was designed to eliminate a similar race
10242 #. condition in tkill, but it only succeeded in eliminating races
10243 #. where the tid gets reused in a different process, and does not
10244 #. help if the same tid gets assigned to a new thread in the
10247 #. The only solution I can see is to introduce a mutex that ensures
10248 #. that a thread cannot exit while pthread_kill is being called on it.
10250 #. Note that in most real-world situations, like almost all race
10251 #. conditions, this one will be extremely rare. To make it
10252 #. measurable, one could exhaust all but 1-2 available pid values,
10253 #. possibly by lowering the max pid parameter in /proc, forcing
10254 #. the same tid to be reused rapidly.
10255 #. type: Plain text
10256 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:85
10258 "B<tkill>() is an obsolete predecessor to B<tgkill>(). It allows only the "
10259 "target thread ID to be specified, which may result in the wrong thread being "
10260 "signaled if a thread terminates and its thread ID is recycled. Avoid using "
10261 "this system call."
10264 #. type: Plain text
10265 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:92
10266 msgid "If I<tgid> is specified as -1, B<tgkill>() is equivalent to B<tkill>()."
10269 #. type: Plain text
10270 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:95
10272 "These are the raw system call interfaces, meant for internal thread library "
10276 #. type: Plain text
10277 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:103
10278 msgid "An invalid thread ID, thread group ID, or signal was specified."
10281 #. type: Plain text
10282 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:108
10283 msgid "Permission denied. For the required permissions, see B<kill>(2)."
10286 #. type: Plain text
10287 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:111
10288 msgid "No process with the specified thread ID (and thread group ID) exists."
10291 #. type: Plain text
10292 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:116
10294 "B<tkill>() is supported since Linux 2.4.19 / 2.5.4. B<tgkill>() was added "
10298 #. type: Plain text
10299 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:122
10301 "B<tkill>() and B<tgkill>() are Linux-specific and should not be used in "
10302 "programs that are intended to be portable."
10305 #. type: Plain text
10306 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:128
10308 "See the description of B<CLONE_THREAD> in B<clone>(2) for an explanation of "
10312 #. type: Plain text
10313 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:131
10315 "Glibc does not provide wrappers for these system calls; call them using "
10319 #. type: Plain text
10320 #: build/C/man2/tkill.2:136
10321 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<gettid>(2), B<kill>(2), B<rt_sigqueueinfo>(2)"
10325 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:49
10330 #. type: Plain text
10331 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:52
10332 msgid "wait, waitpid, waitid - wait for process to change state"
10335 #. type: Plain text
10336 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:54
10337 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>"
10340 #. type: Plain text
10341 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:56
10342 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/wait.hE<gt>>"
10345 #. type: Plain text
10346 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:58
10347 msgid "B<pid_t wait(int *>I<status>B<);>"
10350 #. type: Plain text
10351 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:60
10352 msgid "B<pid_t waitpid(pid_t >I<pid>B<, int *>I<status>B<, int >I<options>B<);>"
10355 #. type: Plain text
10356 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:65
10359 "B<int waitid(idtype_t >I<idtype>B<, id_t >I<id>B<, siginfo_t *>I<infop>B<, "
10360 "int >I<options>B<);>\n"
10361 " /* This is the glibc and POSIX interface; see\n"
10362 " NOTES for information on the raw system call. */\n"
10365 #. type: Plain text
10366 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:74
10367 msgid "B<waitid>():"
10370 #. type: Plain text
10371 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:78
10373 "_SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ "
10374 "_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
10377 #. type: Plain text
10378 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:93
10380 "All of these system calls are used to wait for state changes in a child of "
10381 "the calling process, and obtain information about the child whose state has "
10382 "changed. A state change is considered to be: the child terminated; the "
10383 "child was stopped by a signal; or the child was resumed by a signal. In the "
10384 "case of a terminated child, performing a wait allows the system to release "
10385 "the resources associated with the child; if a wait is not performed, then "
10386 "the terminated child remains in a \"zombie\" state (see NOTES below)."
10389 #. type: Plain text
10390 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:105
10392 "If a child has already changed state, then these calls return immediately. "
10393 "Otherwise they block until either a child changes state or a signal handler "
10394 "interrupts the call (assuming that system calls are not automatically "
10395 "restarted using the B<SA_RESTART> flag of B<sigaction>(2)). In the "
10396 "remainder of this page, a child whose state has changed and which has not "
10397 "yet been waited upon by one of these system calls is termed I<waitable>."
10401 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:105
10403 msgid "wait() and waitpid()"
10406 #. type: Plain text
10407 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:113
10409 "The B<wait>() system call suspends execution of the calling process until "
10410 "one of its children terminates. The call I<wait(&status)> is equivalent to:"
10413 #. type: Plain text
10414 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:116
10416 msgid " waitpid(-1, &status, 0);\n"
10419 #. type: Plain text
10420 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:130
10422 "The B<waitpid>() system call suspends execution of the calling process "
10423 "until a child specified by I<pid> argument has changed state. By default, "
10424 "B<waitpid>() waits only for terminated children, but this behavior is "
10425 "modifiable via the I<options> argument, as described below."
10428 #. type: Plain text
10429 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:134
10430 msgid "The value of I<pid> can be:"
10434 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:134
10439 #. type: Plain text
10440 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:138
10442 "meaning wait for any child process whose process group ID is equal to the "
10443 "absolute value of I<pid>."
10447 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:138
10452 #. type: Plain text
10453 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:140
10454 msgid "meaning wait for any child process."
10458 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:140
10463 #. type: Plain text
10464 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:143
10466 "meaning wait for any child process whose process group ID is equal to that "
10467 "of the calling process."
10471 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:143
10476 #. type: Plain text
10477 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:147
10478 msgid "meaning wait for the child whose process ID is equal to the value of I<pid>."
10481 #. type: Plain text
10482 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:151
10483 msgid "The value of I<options> is an OR of zero or more of the following constants:"
10487 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:151 build/C/man2/wait.2:280
10492 #. type: Plain text
10493 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:154
10494 msgid "return immediately if no child has exited."
10498 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:154
10500 msgid "B<WUNTRACED>"
10503 #. type: Plain text
10504 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:163
10506 "also return if a child has stopped (but not traced via B<ptrace>(2)). "
10507 "Status for I<traced> children which have stopped is provided even if this "
10508 "option is not specified."
10512 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:163
10514 msgid "B<WCONTINUED> (since Linux 2.6.10)"
10517 #. type: Plain text
10518 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:167
10519 msgid "also return if a stopped child has been resumed by delivery of B<SIGCONT>."
10522 #. type: Plain text
10523 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:169
10524 msgid "(For Linux-only options, see below.)"
10527 #. type: Plain text
10528 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:183
10530 "If I<status> is not NULL, B<wait>() and B<waitpid>() store status "
10531 "information in the I<int> to which it points. This integer can be inspected "
10532 "with the following macros (which take the integer itself as an argument, not "
10533 "a pointer to it, as is done in B<wait>() and B<waitpid>()!):"
10537 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:183
10539 msgid "B<WIFEXITED(>I<status>B<)>"
10542 #. type: Plain text
10543 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:191
10545 "returns true if the child terminated normally, that is, by calling "
10546 "B<exit>(3) or B<_exit>(2), or by returning from main()."
10550 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:191
10552 msgid "B<WEXITSTATUS(>I<status>B<)>"
10555 #. type: Plain text
10556 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:204
10558 "returns the exit status of the child. This consists of the least "
10559 "significant 8 bits of the I<status> argument that the child specified in a "
10560 "call to B<exit>(3) or B<_exit>(2) or as the argument for a return "
10561 "statement in main(). This macro should be employed only if B<WIFEXITED> "
10566 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:204
10568 msgid "B<WIFSIGNALED(>I<status>B<)>"
10571 #. type: Plain text
10572 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:207
10573 msgid "returns true if the child process was terminated by a signal."
10577 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:207
10579 msgid "B<WTERMSIG(>I<status>B<)>"
10582 #. type: Plain text
10583 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:214
10585 "returns the number of the signal that caused the child process to "
10586 "terminate. This macro should be employed only if B<WIFSIGNALED> returned "
10591 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:214
10593 msgid "B<WCOREDUMP(>I<status>B<)>"
10596 #. type: Plain text
10597 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:223
10599 "returns true if the child produced a core dump. This macro should be "
10600 "employed only if B<WIFSIGNALED> returned true. This macro is not specified "
10601 "in POSIX.1-2001 and is not available on some UNIX implementations (e.g., "
10602 "AIX, SunOS). Only use this enclosed in #ifdef WCOREDUMP ... #endif."
10606 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:223
10608 msgid "B<WIFSTOPPED(>I<status>B<)>"
10611 #. type: Plain text
10612 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:230
10614 "returns true if the child process was stopped by delivery of a signal; this "
10615 "is possible only if the call was done using B<WUNTRACED> or when the child "
10616 "is being traced (see B<ptrace>(2))."
10620 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:230
10622 msgid "B<WSTOPSIG(>I<status>B<)>"
10625 #. type: Plain text
10626 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:236
10628 "returns the number of the signal which caused the child to stop. This macro "
10629 "should be employed only if B<WIFSTOPPED> returned true."
10633 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:236
10635 msgid "B<WIFCONTINUED(>I<status>B<)>"
10638 #. type: Plain text
10639 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:241
10641 "(since Linux 2.6.10) returns true if the child process was resumed by "
10642 "delivery of B<SIGCONT>."
10646 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:241
10651 #. type: Plain text
10652 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:246
10654 "The B<waitid>() system call (available since Linux 2.6.9) provides more "
10655 "precise control over which child state changes to wait for."
10658 #. type: Plain text
10659 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:252
10661 "The I<idtype> and I<id> arguments select the child(ren) to wait for, as "
10666 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:252
10668 msgid "I<idtype> == B<P_PID>"
10671 #. type: Plain text
10672 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:255
10673 msgid "Wait for the child whose process ID matches I<id>."
10677 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:255
10679 msgid "I<idtype> == B<P_PGID>"
10682 #. type: Plain text
10683 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:258
10684 msgid "Wait for any child whose process group ID matches I<id>."
10688 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:258
10690 msgid "I<idtype> == B<P_ALL>"
10693 #. type: Plain text
10694 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:262
10695 msgid "Wait for any child; I<id> is ignored."
10698 #. type: Plain text
10699 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:266
10701 "The child state changes to wait for are specified by ORing one or more of "
10702 "the following flags in I<options>:"
10706 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:266
10711 #. type: Plain text
10712 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:269
10713 msgid "Wait for children that have terminated."
10717 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:269
10719 msgid "B<WSTOPPED>"
10722 #. type: Plain text
10723 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:272
10724 msgid "Wait for children that have been stopped by delivery of a signal."
10728 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:272
10730 msgid "B<WCONTINUED>"
10733 #. type: Plain text
10734 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:277
10736 "Wait for (previously stopped) children that have been resumed by delivery of "
10740 #. type: Plain text
10741 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:280
10742 msgid "The following flags may additionally be ORed in I<options>:"
10745 #. type: Plain text
10746 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:284
10747 msgid "As for B<waitpid>()."
10751 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:284
10756 #. type: Plain text
10757 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:288
10759 "Leave the child in a waitable state; a later wait call can be used to again "
10760 "retrieve the child status information."
10763 #. type: Plain text
10764 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:295
10766 "Upon successful return, B<waitid>() fills in the following fields of the "
10767 "I<siginfo_t> structure pointed to by I<infop>:"
10770 #. type: Plain text
10771 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:298
10772 msgid "The process ID of the child."
10775 #. type: Plain text
10776 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:302
10778 "The real user ID of the child. (This field is not set on most other "
10779 "implementations.)"
10782 #. type: Plain text
10783 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:306
10784 msgid "Always set to B<SIGCHLD>."
10788 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:306
10790 msgid "I<si_status>"
10793 #. type: Plain text
10794 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:316
10796 "Either the exit status of the child, as given to B<_exit>(2) (or "
10797 "B<exit>(3)), or the signal that caused the child to terminate, stop, or "
10798 "continue. The I<si_code> field can be used to determine how to interpret "
10802 #. type: Plain text
10803 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:333
10805 "Set to one of: B<CLD_EXITED> (child called B<_exit>(2)); B<CLD_KILLED> "
10806 "(child killed by signal); B<CLD_DUMPED> (child killed by signal, and dumped "
10807 "core); B<CLD_STOPPED> (child stopped by signal); B<CLD_TRAPPED> (traced "
10808 "child has trapped); or B<CLD_CONTINUED> (child continued by B<SIGCONT>)."
10811 #. POSIX.1-2001 leaves this possibility unspecified; most
10812 #. implementations (including Linux) zero out the structure
10813 #. in this case, but at least one implementation (AIX 5.1)
10814 #. does not -- MTK Nov 04
10815 #. type: Plain text
10816 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:355
10818 "If B<WNOHANG> was specified in I<options> and there were no children in a "
10819 "waitable state, then B<waitid>() returns 0 immediately and the state of the "
10820 "I<siginfo_t> structure pointed to by I<infop> is unspecified. To "
10821 "distinguish this case from that where a child was in a waitable state, zero "
10822 "out the I<si_pid> field before the call and check for a nonzero value in "
10823 "this field after the call returns."
10826 #. type: Plain text
10827 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:359
10829 "B<wait>(): on success, returns the process ID of the terminated child; on "
10830 "error, -1 is returned."
10833 #. type: Plain text
10834 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:368
10836 "B<waitpid>(): on success, returns the process ID of the child whose state "
10837 "has changed; if B<WNOHANG> was specified and one or more child(ren) "
10838 "specified by I<pid> exist, but have not yet changed state, then 0 is "
10839 "returned. On error, -1 is returned."
10842 #. FIXME: As reported by Vegard Nossum, if infop is NULL, then waitid()
10843 #. returns the PID of the child. Either this is a bug, or it is intended
10844 #. behavior that needs to be documented. See my Jan 2009 LKML mail
10845 #. "waitid() return value strangeness when infop is NULL".
10846 #. type: Plain text
10847 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:384
10849 "B<waitid>(): returns 0 on success or if B<WNOHANG> was specified and no "
10850 "child(ren) specified by I<id> has yet changed state; on error, -1 is "
10851 "returned. Each of these calls sets I<errno> to an appropriate value in the "
10852 "case of an error."
10856 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:385 build/C/man2/wait.2:390
10861 #. type: Plain text
10862 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:390
10864 "(for B<wait>()) The calling process does not have any unwaited-for "
10868 #. type: Plain text
10869 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:410
10871 "(for B<waitpid>() or B<waitid>()) The process specified by I<pid> "
10872 "(B<waitpid>()) or I<idtype> and I<id> (B<waitid>()) does not exist or is "
10873 "not a child of the calling process. (This can happen for one's own child if "
10874 "the action for B<SIGCHLD> is set to B<SIG_IGN>. See also the I<Linux Notes> "
10875 "section about threads.)"
10878 #. type: Plain text
10879 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:417
10881 "B<WNOHANG> was not set and an unblocked signal or a B<SIGCHLD> was caught; "
10882 "see B<signal>(7)."
10885 #. type: Plain text
10886 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:422
10887 msgid "The I<options> argument was invalid."
10890 #. type: Plain text
10891 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:437
10893 "A child that terminates, but has not been waited for becomes a \"zombie\". "
10894 "The kernel maintains a minimal set of information about the zombie process "
10895 "(PID, termination status, resource usage information) in order to allow the "
10896 "parent to later perform a wait to obtain information about the child. As "
10897 "long as a zombie is not removed from the system via a wait, it will consume "
10898 "a slot in the kernel process table, and if this table fills, it will not be "
10899 "possible to create further processes. If a parent process terminates, then "
10900 "its \"zombie\" children (if any) are adopted by B<init>(8), which "
10901 "automatically performs a wait to remove the zombies."
10904 #. type: Plain text
10905 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:478
10907 "POSIX.1-2001 specifies that if the disposition of B<SIGCHLD> is set to "
10908 "B<SIG_IGN> or the B<SA_NOCLDWAIT> flag is set for B<SIGCHLD> (see "
10909 "B<sigaction>(2)), then children that terminate do not become zombies and a "
10910 "call to B<wait>() or B<waitpid>() will block until all children have "
10911 "terminated, and then fail with I<errno> set to B<ECHILD>. (The original "
10912 "POSIX standard left the behavior of setting B<SIGCHLD> to B<SIG_IGN> "
10913 "unspecified. Note that even though the default disposition of B<SIGCHLD> is "
10914 "\"ignore\", explicitly setting the disposition to B<SIG_IGN> results in "
10915 "different treatment of zombie process children.) Linux 2.6 conforms to this "
10916 "specification. However, Linux 2.4 (and earlier) does not: if a B<wait>() "
10917 "or B<waitpid>() call is made while B<SIGCHLD> is being ignored, the call "
10918 "behaves just as though B<SIGCHLD> were not being ignored, that is, the call "
10919 "blocks until the next child terminates and then returns the process ID and "
10920 "status of that child."
10923 #. type: Plain text
10924 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:494
10926 "In the Linux kernel, a kernel-scheduled thread is not a distinct construct "
10927 "from a process. Instead, a thread is simply a process that is created using "
10928 "the Linux-unique B<clone>(2) system call; other routines such as the "
10929 "portable B<pthread_create>(3) call are implemented using B<clone>(2). "
10930 "Before Linux 2.4, a thread was just a special case of a process, and as a "
10931 "consequence one thread could not wait on the children of another thread, "
10932 "even when the latter belongs to the same thread group. However, POSIX "
10933 "prescribes such functionality, and since Linux 2.4 a thread can, and by "
10934 "default will, wait on children of other threads in the same thread group."
10937 #. type: Plain text
10938 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:501
10940 "The following Linux-specific I<options> are for use with children created "
10941 "using B<clone>(2); they cannot be used with B<waitid>():"
10945 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:501
10947 msgid "B<__WCLONE>"
10951 #. type: Plain text
10952 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:512
10954 "Wait for \"clone\" children only. If omitted then wait for \"non-clone\" "
10955 "children only. (A \"clone\" child is one which delivers no signal, or a "
10956 "signal other than B<SIGCHLD> to its parent upon termination.) This option "
10957 "is ignored if B<__WALL> is also specified."
10961 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:512
10963 msgid "B<__WALL> (since Linux 2.4)"
10966 #. since patch-2.3.48
10967 #. type: Plain text
10968 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:517
10969 msgid "Wait for all children, regardless of type (\"clone\" or \"non-clone\")."
10973 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:517
10975 msgid "B<__WNOTHREAD> (since Linux 2.4)"
10978 #. since patch-2.4.0-test8
10979 #. type: Plain text
10980 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:523
10982 "Do not wait for children of other threads in the same thread group. This "
10983 "was the default before Linux 2.4."
10986 #. type: Plain text
10987 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:535
10989 "The raw B<waitid>() system call takes a fith argument, of type I<struct "
10990 "rusage\\ *>. If this argument is non-NULL, then it is used to return "
10991 "resource usage information about the child, in the same manner as "
10992 "B<wait4>(2). See B<getrusage>(2) for details."
10995 #. type: Plain text
10996 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:550
10998 "According to POSIX.1-2008, an application calling B<waitid>() must ensure "
10999 "that I<infop> points to a I<siginfo_t> structure (i.e., that it is a "
11000 "non-NULL pointer). On Linux, if I<infop> is NULL, B<waitid>() succeeds, "
11001 "and returns the process ID of the waited-for child. Applications should "
11002 "avoid relying on this inconsistent, nonstandard, and unnecessary feature."
11005 #. fork.2 refers to this example program.
11006 #. type: Plain text
11007 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:567
11009 "The following program demonstrates the use of B<fork>(2) and B<waitpid>(). "
11010 "The program creates a child process. If no command-line argument is "
11011 "supplied to the program, then the child suspends its execution using "
11012 "B<pause>(2), to allow the user to send signals to the child. Otherwise, if "
11013 "a command-line argument is supplied, then the child exits immediately, using "
11014 "the integer supplied on the command line as the exit status. The parent "
11015 "process executes a loop that monitors the child using B<waitpid>(), and uses "
11016 "the W*() macros described above to analyze the wait status value."
11019 #. type: Plain text
11020 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:583
11024 "Child PID is 32360\n"
11026 "$B< kill -STOP 32360>\n"
11027 "stopped by signal 19\n"
11028 "$B< kill -CONT 32360>\n"
11030 "$B< kill -TERM 32360>\n"
11031 "killed by signal 15\n"
11032 "[1]+ Done ./a.out\n"
11036 #. type: Plain text
11037 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:592
11040 "#include E<lt>sys/wait.hE<gt>\n"
11041 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
11042 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
11043 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
11046 #. type: Plain text
11047 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:598
11051 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
11053 " pid_t cpid, w;\n"
11057 #. type: Plain text
11058 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:604
11061 " cpid = fork();\n"
11062 " if (cpid == -1) {\n"
11063 " perror(\"fork\");\n"
11064 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
11068 #. type: Plain text
11069 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:610
11072 " if (cpid == 0) { /* Code executed by child */\n"
11073 " printf(\"Child PID is %ld\\en\", (long) getpid());\n"
11074 " if (argc == 1)\n"
11075 " pause(); /* Wait for signals */\n"
11076 " _exit(atoi(argv[1]));\n"
11079 #. type: Plain text
11080 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:618
11083 " } else { /* Code executed by parent */\n"
11085 " w = waitpid(cpid, &status, WUNTRACED | WCONTINUED);\n"
11086 " if (w == -1) {\n"
11087 " perror(\"waitpid\");\n"
11088 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
11092 #. type: Plain text
11093 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:632
11096 " if (WIFEXITED(status)) {\n"
11097 " printf(\"exited, status=%d\\en\", WEXITSTATUS(status));\n"
11098 " } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {\n"
11099 " printf(\"killed by signal %d\\en\", WTERMSIG(status));\n"
11100 " } else if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) {\n"
11101 " printf(\"stopped by signal %d\\en\", WSTOPSIG(status));\n"
11102 " } else if (WIFCONTINUED(status)) {\n"
11103 " printf(\"continued\\en\");\n"
11105 " } while (!WIFEXITED(status) && !WIFSIGNALED(status));\n"
11106 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
11111 #. type: Plain text
11112 #: build/C/man2/wait.2:645
11114 "B<_exit>(2), B<clone>(2), B<fork>(2), B<kill>(2), B<ptrace>(2), "
11115 "B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<wait4>(2), B<pthread_create>(3), "
11116 "B<credentials>(7), B<signal>(7)"
11120 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:33
11126 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:33
11131 #. type: Plain text
11132 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:36
11133 msgid "wait3, wait4 - wait for process to change state, BSD style"
11136 #. type: Plain text
11137 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:42
11140 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
11141 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
11142 "B<#include E<lt>sys/resource.hE<gt>>\n"
11143 "B<#include E<lt>sys/wait.hE<gt>>\n"
11146 #. type: Plain text
11147 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:45
11150 "B<pid_t wait3(int *>I<status>B<, int >I<options>B<,>\n"
11151 "B< struct rusage *>I<rusage>B<);>\n"
11154 #. type: Plain text
11155 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:48
11158 "B<pid_t wait4(pid_t >I<pid>B<, int *>I<status>B<, int >I<options>B<,>\n"
11159 "B< struct rusage *>I<rusage>B<);>\n"
11162 #. type: Plain text
11163 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:57
11164 msgid "B<wait3>():"
11167 #. type: Plain text
11168 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:63
11169 msgid "B<wait4>():"
11172 #. type: Plain text
11173 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:65
11174 msgid "_BSD_SOURCE"
11177 #. type: Plain text
11178 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:73
11180 "These functions are obsolete; use B<waitpid>(2) or B<waitid>(2) in new "
11184 #. type: Plain text
11185 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:83
11187 "The B<wait3>() and B<wait4>() system calls are similar to B<waitpid>(2), "
11188 "but additionally return resource usage information about the child in the "
11189 "structure pointed to by I<rusage>."
11192 #. type: Plain text
11193 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:89
11195 "Other than the use of the I<rusage> argument, the following B<wait3>() "
11199 #. type: Plain text
11200 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:92
11202 msgid " wait3(status, options, rusage);\n"
11205 #. type: Plain text
11206 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:95 build/C/man2/wait4.2:109
11207 msgid "is equivalent to:"
11210 #. type: Plain text
11211 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:98
11213 msgid " waitpid(-1, status, options);\n"
11216 #. type: Plain text
11217 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:103
11218 msgid "Similarly, the following B<wait4>() call:"
11221 #. type: Plain text
11222 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:106
11224 msgid " wait4(pid, status, options, rusage);\n"
11227 #. type: Plain text
11228 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:112
11230 msgid " waitpid(pid, status, options);\n"
11233 #. type: Plain text
11234 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:122
11236 "In other words, B<wait3>() waits of any child, while B<wait4>() can be "
11237 "used to select a specific child, or children, on which to wait. See "
11238 "B<wait>(2) for further details."
11241 #. type: Plain text
11242 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:132
11244 "If I<rusage> is not NULL, the I<struct rusage> to which it points will be "
11245 "filled with accounting information about the child. See B<getrusage>(2) "
11249 #. type: Plain text
11250 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:135 build/C/man2/wait4.2:138
11251 msgid "As for B<waitpid>(2)."
11254 #. type: Plain text
11255 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:140
11259 #. type: Plain text
11260 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:147
11262 "SUSv1 included a specification of B<wait3>(); SUSv2 included B<wait3>(), but "
11263 "marked it LEGACY; SUSv3 removed it."
11266 #. type: Plain text
11267 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:159
11269 "Including I<E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>> is not required these days, but increases "
11270 "portability. (Indeed, I<E<lt>sys/resource.hE<gt>> defines the I<rusage> "
11271 "structure with fields of type I<struct timeval> defined in "
11272 "I<E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>.)"
11275 #. type: Plain text
11276 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:165
11278 "On Linux, B<wait3>() is a library function implemented on top of the "
11279 "B<wait4>() system call."
11282 #. type: Plain text
11283 #: build/C/man2/wait4.2:172
11285 "B<fork>(2), B<getrusage>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<signal>(2), B<wait>(2), "