1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
9 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
10 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-03-19 23:50+0900\n"
11 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
12 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
13 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
20 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:30
26 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:30
32 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:30 build/C/man3/getutmp.3:24 build/C/man3/login.3:24 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:23 build/C/man5/utmp.5:29
34 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
38 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:31 build/C/man3/getutmp.3:25 build/C/man3/login.3:25 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:24 build/C/man5/utmp.5:30
44 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:34
46 "getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname - "
47 "access utmp file entries"
51 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:34 build/C/man3/getutmp.3:27 build/C/man3/login.3:27 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:26 build/C/man5/utmp.5:32
57 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:36 build/C/man3/login.3:29 build/C/man5/utmp.5:34
58 msgid "B<#include E<lt>utmp.hE<gt>>"
62 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:38
63 msgid "B<struct utmp *getutent(void);>"
67 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:40
68 msgid "B<struct utmp *getutid(struct utmp *>I<ut>B<);>"
72 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:42
73 msgid "B<struct utmp *getutline(struct utmp *>I<ut>B<);>"
77 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:44
78 msgid "B<struct utmp *pututline(struct utmp *>I<ut>B<);>"
82 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:46
83 msgid "B<void setutent(void);>"
87 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:48
88 msgid "B<void endutent(void);>"
92 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:50
93 msgid "B<int utmpname(const char *>I<file>B<);>"
97 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:50 build/C/man3/getutmp.3:35 build/C/man3/login.3:35 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:35 build/C/man5/utmp.5:34
103 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:53
105 "New applications should use the POSIX.1-specified \"utmpx\" versions of "
106 "these functions; see CONFORMING TO."
110 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:62
112 "B<utmpname>() sets the name of the utmp-format file for the other utmp "
113 "functions to access. If B<utmpname>() is not used to set the filename "
114 "before the other functions are used, they assume B<_PATH_UTMP>, as defined "
115 "in I<E<lt>paths.hE<gt>>."
119 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:67
121 "B<setutent>() rewinds the file pointer to the beginning of the utmp file. "
122 "It is generally a good idea to call it before any of the other functions."
126 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:72
128 "B<endutent>() closes the utmp file. It should be called when the user code "
129 "is done accessing the file with the other functions."
133 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:79
135 "B<getutent>() reads a line from the current file position in the utmp "
136 "file. It returns a pointer to a structure containing the fields of the "
137 "line. The definition of this structure is shown in B<utmp>(5)."
141 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:95
143 "B<getutid>() searches forward from the current file position in the utmp "
144 "file based upon I<ut>. If I<ut-E<gt>ut_type> is one of B<RUN_LVL>, "
145 "B<BOOT_TIME>, B<NEW_TIME>, or B<OLD_TIME>, B<getutid>() will find the first "
146 "entry whose I<ut_type> field matches I<ut-E<gt>ut_type>. If "
147 "I<ut-E<gt>ut_type> is one of B<INIT_PROCESS>, B<LOGIN_PROCESS>, "
148 "B<USER_PROCESS>, or B<DEAD_PROCESS>, B<getutid>() will find the first entry "
149 "whose I<ut_id> field matches I<ut-E<gt>ut_id>."
153 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:105
155 "B<getutline>() searches forward from the current file position in the utmp "
156 "file. It scans entries whose I<ut_type> is B<USER_PROCESS> or "
157 "B<LOGIN_PROCESS> and returns the first one whose I<ut_line> field matches "
158 "I<ut-E<gt>ut_line>."
162 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:117
164 "B<pututline>() writes the I<utmp> structure I<ut> into the utmp file. It "
165 "uses B<getutid>() to search for the proper place in the file to insert the "
166 "new entry. If it cannot find an appropriate slot for I<ut>, B<pututline>() "
167 "will append the new entry to the end of the file."
171 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:117 build/C/man3/getutmp.3:49 build/C/man3/login.3:87
177 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:126
179 "B<getutent>(), B<getutid>(), and B<getutline>() return a pointer to a "
180 "I<struct utmp> on success, and NULL on failure (which includes the \"record "
181 "not found\" case). This I<struct utmp> is allocated in static storage, and "
182 "may be overwritten by subsequent calls."
186 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:132
187 msgid "On success B<pututline>() returns I<ut>; on failure, it returns NULL."
191 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:135
193 "B<utmpname>() returns 0 if the new name was successfully stored, or -1 on "
198 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:135
204 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:136
210 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:139
211 msgid "Out of memory."
215 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:139
221 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:142
222 msgid "Record not found."
226 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:149
228 "B<setutent>(), B<pututline>(), and the B<getut* ()> functions can also fail "
229 "for the reasons described in B<open>(2)."
233 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:149 build/C/man3/login.3:92 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:48 build/C/man5/utmp.5:223
239 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:151
240 msgid "/var/run/utmp\tdatabase of currently logged-in users"
244 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:153
245 msgid "/var/log/wtmp\tdatabase of past user logins"
249 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:153 build/C/man3/getutmp.3:53 build/C/man3/login.3:105 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:52 build/C/man5/utmp.5:227
251 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
255 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:155
260 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:165
262 "In XPG2 and SVID 2 the function B<pututline>() is documented to return "
263 "void, and that is what it does on many systems (AIX, HP-UX, Linux libc5). "
264 "HP-UX introduces a new function B<_pututline>() with the prototype given "
265 "above for B<pututline>() (also found in Linux libc5)."
269 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:169
271 "All these functions are obsolete now on non-Linux systems. POSIX.1-2001, "
272 "following SUSv1, does not have any of these functions, but instead uses"
276 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:171
277 msgid "B<#include E<lt>utmpx.hE<gt>>"
281 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:173
282 msgid "B<struct utmpx *getutxent(void);>"
286 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:175
287 msgid "B<struct utmpx *getutxid(const struct utmpx *);>"
291 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:177
292 msgid "B<struct utmpx *getutxline(const struct utmpx *);>"
296 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:179
297 msgid "B<struct utmpx *pututxline(const struct utmpx *);>"
301 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:181
302 msgid "B<void setutxent(void);>"
306 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:183
307 msgid "B<void endutxent(void);>"
311 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:192
313 "These functions are provided by glibc, and perform the same task as their "
314 "equivalents without the \"x\", but use I<struct utmpx>, defined on Linux to "
315 "be the same as I<struct utmp>. For completeness, glibc also provides "
316 "B<utmpxname>(), although this function is not specified by POSIX.1."
320 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:200
322 "On some other systems, the I<utmpx> structure is a superset of the I<utmp> "
323 "structure, with additional fields, and larger versions of the existing "
324 "fields, and parallel files are maintained, often I</var/*/utmpx> and "
329 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:205
331 "Linux glibc on the other hand does not use a parallel I<utmpx> file since "
332 "its I<utmp> structure is already large enough. The functions B<getutxent>() "
333 "etc. are aliases for B<getutent>() etc."
337 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:205 build/C/man3/getutmp.3:56 build/C/man3/login.3:108 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:65 build/C/man5/utmp.5:279
343 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:206
349 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:209
350 msgid "The above functions are not thread-safe. Glibc adds reentrant versions"
354 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:214
357 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* or _SVID_SOURCE or _BSD_SOURCE;\n"
358 "\\& see B<feature_test_macros(7)> */\n"
359 "B<#include E<lt>utmp.hE<gt>>\n"
363 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:216
365 msgid "B<int getutent_r(struct utmp *>I<ubuf>B<, struct utmp **>I<ubufp>B<);>\n"
369 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:219
372 "B<int getutid_r(struct utmp *>I<ut>B<,>\n"
373 "B< struct utmp *>I<ubuf>B<, struct utmp **>I<ubufp>B<);>\n"
377 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:222
380 "B<int getutline_r(struct utmp *>I<ut>B<,>\n"
381 "B< struct utmp *>I<ubuf>B<, struct utmp **>I<ubufp>B<);>\n"
385 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:234
387 "These functions are GNU extensions, analogs of the functions of the same "
388 "name without the _r suffix. The I<ubuf> argument gives these functions a "
389 "place to store their result. On success they return 0, and a pointer to the "
390 "result is written in I<*ubufp>. On error these functions return -1. There "
391 "are no utmpx equivalents of the above functions. (POSIX.1 does not specify "
396 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:234
402 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:242
404 "The following example adds and removes a utmp record, assuming it is run "
405 "from within a pseudo terminal. For usage in a real application, you should "
406 "check the return values of B<getpwuid>(3) and B<ttyname>(3)."
410 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:249
413 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
414 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
415 "#include E<lt>pwd.hE<gt>\n"
416 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
417 "#include E<lt>utmp.hE<gt>\n"
421 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:254
425 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
427 " struct utmp entry;\n"
431 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:256
433 msgid " system(\"echo before adding entry:;who\");\n"
437 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:268
440 " entry.ut_type = USER_PROCESS;\n"
441 " entry.ut_pid = getpid();\n"
442 " strcpy(entry.ut_line, ttyname(STDIN_FILENO) + strlen(\"/dev/\"));\n"
443 " /* only correct for ptys named /dev/tty[pqr][0-9a-z] */\n"
444 " strcpy(entry.ut_id, ttyname(STDIN_FILENO) + strlen(\"/dev/tty\"));\n"
445 " time(&entry.ut_time);\n"
446 " strcpy(entry.ut_user, getpwuid(getuid())-E<gt>pw_name);\n"
447 " memset(entry.ut_host, 0, UT_HOSTSIZE);\n"
448 " entry.ut_addr = 0;\n"
450 " pututline(&entry);\n"
454 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:270
456 msgid " system(\"echo after adding entry:;who\");\n"
460 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:277
463 " entry.ut_type = DEAD_PROCESS;\n"
464 " memset(entry.ut_line, 0, UT_LINESIZE);\n"
465 " entry.ut_time = 0;\n"
466 " memset(entry.ut_user, 0, UT_NAMESIZE);\n"
468 " pututline(&entry);\n"
472 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:279
474 msgid " system(\"echo after removing entry:;who\");\n"
478 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:283
482 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
487 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:284 build/C/man3/getutmp.3:67 build/C/man3/login.3:123 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:81 build/C/man5/utmp.5:337
493 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:287
494 msgid "B<getutmp>(3), B<utmp>(5)"
498 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:287 build/C/man3/getutmp.3:70 build/C/man3/login.3:126 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:84 build/C/man5/utmp.5:350
504 #: build/C/man3/getutent.3:294 build/C/man3/getutmp.3:77 build/C/man3/login.3:133 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:91 build/C/man5/utmp.5:357
506 "This page is part of release 3.35 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
507 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
508 "found at http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/."
512 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:24
518 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:24
524 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:24 build/C/man5/utmp.5:29
530 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:27
531 msgid "getutmp, getutmpx - copy utmp structure to utmpx, and vice versa"
535 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:31
538 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
539 "B<#include E<lt>utmpx.hE<gt>>\n"
543 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:34
546 "B< void getutmp(const struct utmpx *>I<ux>B<, struct utmp *>I<u>B<);>\n"
547 "B< void getutmpx(const struct utmp *>I<u>B<, struct utmpx *>I<ux>B<);>\n"
551 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:49
553 "The B<getutmp>() function copies the fields of the I<utmpx> structure "
554 "pointed to by I<ux> to the corresponding fields of the I<utmp> structure "
555 "pointed to by I<u>. The B<getutmpx>() function performs the converse "
560 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:51
561 msgid "These functions do not return a value."
565 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:51
571 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:53
572 msgid "These functions first appeared in glibc in version 2.1.1."
576 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:56
578 "These functions are nonstandard, but appear on a few other systems, such as "
579 "Solaris and NetBSD."
582 #. e.g., on Solaris, the utmpx structure is rather larger than utmp.
584 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:67
586 "These functions exist primarily for compatibility with other systems where "
587 "the I<utmp> and I<utmpx> structures contain different fields, or the size of "
588 "corresponding fields differs. On Linux, the two structures contain the same "
589 "fields, and the fields have the same sizes."
593 #: build/C/man3/getutmp.3:70 build/C/man3/login.3:126
594 msgid "B<getutent>(3), B<utmp>(5)"
598 #: build/C/man3/login.3:24
604 #: build/C/man3/login.3:24
610 #: build/C/man3/login.3:24 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:23
616 #: build/C/man3/login.3:27
617 msgid "login, logout - write utmp and wtmp entries"
621 #: build/C/man3/login.3:31
622 msgid "B<void login(const struct utmp *>I<ut>B<);>"
626 #: build/C/man3/login.3:33
627 msgid "B<int logout(const char *>I<ut_line>B<);>"
631 #: build/C/man3/login.3:35
632 msgid "Link with I<-lutil>."
636 #: build/C/man3/login.3:40
638 "The utmp file records who is currently using the system. The wtmp file "
639 "records all logins and logouts. See B<utmp>(5)."
643 #: build/C/man3/login.3:46
645 "The function B<login>() takes the supplied I<struct utmp>, I<ut>, and "
646 "writes it to both the utmp and the wtmp file."
650 #: build/C/man3/login.3:50
651 msgid "The function B<logout>() clears the entry in the utmp file again."
655 #: build/C/man3/login.3:50
661 #: build/C/man3/login.3:71
663 "More precisely, B<login>() takes the argument I<ut> struct, fills the field "
664 "I<ut-E<gt>ut_type> (if there is such a field) with the value "
665 "B<USER_PROCESS>, and fills the field I<ut-E<gt>ut_pid> (if there is such a "
666 "field) with the process ID of the calling process. Then it tries to fill "
667 "the field I<ut-E<gt>ut_line>. It takes the first of I<stdin>, I<stdout>, "
668 "I<stderr> that is a tty, and stores the corresponding pathname minus a "
669 "possible leading I</dev/> into this field, and then writes the struct to the "
670 "utmp file. On the other hand, if no tty name was found, this field is "
671 "filled with \"???\" and the struct is not written to the utmp file. After "
672 "this, the struct is written to the wtmp file."
676 #: build/C/man3/login.3:87
678 "The B<logout>() function searches the utmp file for an entry matching the "
679 "I<ut_line> argument. If a record is found, it is updated by zeroing out the "
680 "I<ut_name> and I<ut_host> fields, updating the I<ut_tv> timestamp field and "
681 "setting I<ut_type> (if there is such a field) to B<DEAD_PROCESS>."
685 #: build/C/man3/login.3:92
687 "The B<logout>() function returns 1 if the entry was successfully written to "
688 "the database, or 0 if an error occurred."
692 #: build/C/man3/login.3:93
694 msgid "I</var/run/utmp>"
698 #: build/C/man3/login.3:99
700 "user accounting database, configured through B<_PATH_UTMP> in "
701 "I<E<lt>paths.hE<gt>>"
705 #: build/C/man3/login.3:99 build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:49
707 msgid "I</var/log/wtmp>"
711 #: build/C/man3/login.3:105
713 "user accounting log file, configured through B<_PATH_WTMP> in "
714 "I<E<lt>paths.hE<gt>>"
718 #: build/C/man3/login.3:108
719 msgid "Not in POSIX.1-2001. Present on the BSDs."
723 #: build/C/man3/login.3:123
725 "Note that the member I<ut_user> of I<struct utmp> is called I<ut_name> in "
726 "BSD. Therefore, I<ut_name> is defined as an alias for I<ut_user> in "
727 "I<E<lt>utmp.hE<gt>>."
731 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:23
737 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:23
743 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:26
744 msgid "updwtmp, logwtmp - append an entry to the wtmp file"
748 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:29
750 msgid "B<#include E<lt>utmp.hE<gt>>\n"
754 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:31
756 msgid "B<void updwtmp(const char *>I<wtmp_file>B<, const struct utmp *>I<ut>B<);>\n"
760 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:34
763 "B<void logwtmp(const char *>I<line>B<, const char *>I<name>B<, const char "
768 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:40
769 msgid "B<updwtmp>() appends the utmp structure I<ut> to the wtmp file."
773 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:48
775 "B<logwtmp>() constructs a utmp structure using I<line>, I<name>, I<host>, "
776 "current time and current process ID. Then it calls B<updwtmp>() to append "
777 "the structure to the wtmp file."
781 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:52
782 msgid "database of past user logins"
786 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:55
787 msgid "Not in POSIX.1-2001. Present on Solaris, NetBSD, and perhaps other systems."
791 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:55
797 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:65
799 "Both functions are available under glibc2, but not under libc5. However, "
800 "B<logwtmp>() used to occur in the old libbsd. These days, the B<logwtmp>() "
801 "function is included in libutil. (Hence you'll need to add I<-lutil> to "
802 "your compiler command line to get it.)"
806 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:69
808 "For consistency with the other \"utmpx\" functions (see B<getutxent>(3)), "
809 "glibc provides (since version 2.1):"
813 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:72
815 msgid "B<#include E<lt>utmpx.hE<gt>>\n"
819 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:74
822 "B<void updwtmpx (const char *>I<wtmpx_file>B<, const struct utmpx "
827 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:81
829 "This function performs the same task as B<updwtmp>(), but differs in that it "
830 "takes a I<utmpx> structure as its last argument."
834 #: build/C/man3/updwtmp.3:84
835 msgid "B<getutxent>(3), B<wtmp>(5)"
839 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:29
845 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:29
851 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:32
852 msgid "utmp, wtmp - login records"
856 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:41
858 "The I<utmp> file allows one to discover information about who is currently "
859 "using the system. There may be more users currently using the system, "
860 "because not all programs use utmp logging."
864 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:51
866 "B<Warning:> I<utmp> must not be writable by the user class \"other\", "
867 "because many system programs (foolishly) depend on its integrity. You risk "
868 "faked system logfiles and modifications of system files if you leave I<utmp> "
869 "writable to any user other than the owner and group owner of the file."
873 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:59
875 "The file is a sequence of I<utmp> structures, declared as follows in "
876 "I<E<lt>utmp.hE<gt>> (note that this is only one of several definitions "
877 "around; details depend on the version of libc):"
881 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:63
883 msgid "/* Values for ut_type field, below */\n"
887 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:78
890 "#define EMPTY 0 /* Record does not contain valid info\n"
891 " (formerly known as UT_UNKNOWN on Linux) */\n"
892 "#define RUN_LVL 1 /* Change in system run-level (see\n"
894 "#define BOOT_TIME 2 /* Time of system boot (in I<ut_tv>) */\n"
895 "#define NEW_TIME 3 /* Time after system clock change\n"
896 " (in I<ut_tv>) */\n"
897 "#define OLD_TIME 4 /* Time before system clock change\n"
898 " (in I<ut_tv>) */\n"
899 "#define INIT_PROCESS 5 /* Process spawned by B<init>(8) */\n"
900 "#define LOGIN_PROCESS 6 /* Session leader process for user login */\n"
901 "#define USER_PROCESS 7 /* Normal process */\n"
902 "#define DEAD_PROCESS 8 /* Terminated process */\n"
903 "#define ACCOUNTING 9 /* Not implemented */\n"
907 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:82
910 "#define UT_LINESIZE 32\n"
911 "#define UT_NAMESIZE 32\n"
912 "#define UT_HOSTSIZE 256\n"
916 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:87
919 "struct exit_status { /* Type for ut_exit, below */\n"
920 " short int e_termination; /* Process termination status */\n"
921 " short int e_exit; /* Process exit status */\n"
926 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:115
930 " short ut_type; /* Type of record */\n"
931 " pid_t ut_pid; /* PID of login process */\n"
932 " char ut_line[UT_LINESIZE]; /* Device name of tty - \"/dev/\" */\n"
933 " char ut_id[4]; /* Terminal name suffix,\n"
934 " or inittab(5) ID */\n"
935 " char ut_user[UT_NAMESIZE]; /* Username */\n"
936 " char ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE]; /* Hostname for remote login, or\n"
937 " kernel version for run-level\n"
939 " struct exit_status ut_exit; /* Exit status of a process\n"
940 " marked as DEAD_PROCESS; not\n"
941 " used by Linux init(8) */\n"
942 " /* The ut_session and ut_tv fields must be the same size when\n"
943 " compiled 32- and 64-bit. This allows data files and shared\n"
944 " memory to be shared between 32- and 64-bit applications. */\n"
945 "#if __WORDSIZE == 64 && defined __WORDSIZE_COMPAT32\n"
946 " int32_t ut_session; /* Session ID (B<getsid>(2)),\n"
947 " used for windowing */\n"
949 " int32_t tv_sec; /* Seconds */\n"
950 " int32_t tv_usec; /* Microseconds */\n"
951 " } ut_tv; /* Time entry was made */\n"
953 " long ut_session; /* Session ID */\n"
954 " struct timeval ut_tv; /* Time entry was made */\n"
959 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:121
962 " int32_t ut_addr_v6[4]; /* Internet address of remote\n"
963 " host; IPv4 address uses\n"
964 " just ut_addr_v6[0] */\n"
965 " char __unused[20]; /* Reserved for future use */\n"
970 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:129
973 "/* Backward compatibility hacks */\n"
974 "#define ut_name ut_user\n"
975 "#ifndef _NO_UT_TIME\n"
976 "#define ut_time ut_tv.tv_sec\n"
978 "#define ut_xtime ut_tv.tv_sec\n"
979 "#define ut_addr ut_addr_v6[0]\n"
983 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:139
985 "This structure gives the name of the special file associated with the user's "
986 "terminal, the user's login name, and the time of login in the form of "
987 "B<time>(2). String fields are terminated by a null byte (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq) "
988 "if they are shorter than the size of the field."
992 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:156
994 "The first entries ever created result from B<init>(8) processing "
995 "B<inittab>(5). Before an entry is processed, though, B<init>(8) cleans up "
996 "utmp by setting I<ut_type> to B<DEAD_PROCESS>, clearing I<ut_user>, "
997 "I<ut_host>, and I<ut_time> with null bytes for each record which I<ut_type> "
998 "is not B<DEAD_PROCESS> or B<RUN_LVL> and where no process with PID I<ut_pid> "
999 "exists. If no empty record with the needed I<ut_id> can be found, "
1000 "B<init>(8) creates a new one. It sets I<ut_id> from the inittab, I<ut_pid> "
1001 "and I<ut_time> to the current values, and I<ut_type> to B<INIT_PROCESS>."
1005 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:175
1007 "B<mingetty>(8) (or B<agetty>(8)) locates the entry by the PID, changes "
1008 "I<ut_type> to B<LOGIN_PROCESS>, changes I<ut_time>, sets I<ut_line>, and "
1009 "waits for connection to be established. B<login>(1), after a user has been "
1010 "authenticated, changes I<ut_type> to B<USER_PROCESS>, changes I<ut_time>, "
1011 "and sets I<ut_host> and I<ut_addr>. Depending on B<mingetty>(8) (or "
1012 "B<agetty>(8)) and B<login>(1), records may be located by I<ut_line> instead "
1013 "of the preferable I<ut_pid>."
1017 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:181
1019 "When B<init>(8) finds that a process has exited, it locates its utmp entry "
1020 "by I<ut_pid>, sets I<ut_type> to B<DEAD_PROCESS>, and clears I<ut_user>, "
1021 "I<ut_host> and I<ut_time> with null bytes."
1025 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:193
1027 "B<xterm>(1) and other terminal emulators directly create a B<USER_PROCESS> "
1028 "record and generate the I<ut_id> by using the string that suffix part of the "
1029 "terminal name (the characters following I</dev/[pt]ty>). If they find a "
1030 "B<DEAD_PROCESS> for this ID, they recycle it, otherwise they create a new "
1031 "entry. If they can, they will mark it as B<DEAD_PROCESS> on exiting and it "
1032 "is advised that they null I<ut_line>, I<ut_time>, I<ut_user>, and I<ut_host> "
1037 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:201
1039 "B<telnetd>(8) sets up a B<LOGIN_PROCESS> entry and leaves the rest to "
1040 "B<login>(1) as usual. After the telnet session ends, B<telnetd>(8) cleans "
1041 "up utmp in the described way."
1045 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:223
1047 "The I<wtmp> file records all logins and logouts. Its format is exactly like "
1048 "I<utmp> except that a null username indicates a logout on the associated "
1049 "terminal. Furthermore, the terminal name B<~> with username B<shutdown> or "
1050 "B<reboot> indicates a system shutdown or reboot and the pair of terminal "
1051 "names B<|>/B<}> logs the old/new system time when B<date>(1) changes it. "
1052 "I<wtmp> is maintained by B<login>(1), B<init>(8), and some versions of "
1053 "B<getty>(8) (e.g., B<mingetty>(8) or B<agetty>(8)). None of these "
1054 "programs creates the file, so if it is removed, record-keeping is turned "
1059 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:225
1060 msgid "/var/run/utmp"
1064 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:227
1065 msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
1069 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:246
1071 "POSIX.1 does not specify a I<utmp> structure, but rather one named I<utmpx>, "
1072 "with specifications for the fields I<ut_type>, I<ut_pid>, I<ut_line>, "
1073 "I<ut_id>, I<ut_user>, and I<ut_tv>. POSIX.1 does not specify the lengths of "
1074 "the I<ut_line> and I<ut_user> fields."
1078 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:252
1080 "Linux defines the I<utmpx> structure to be the same as the I<utmp> "
1085 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:252
1087 msgid "Comparison with Historical Systems"
1091 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:255
1093 "Linux utmp entries conform neither to v7/BSD nor to System V; they are a mix "
1098 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:262
1100 "v7/BSD has fewer fields; most importantly it lacks I<ut_type>, which causes "
1101 "native v7/BSD-like programs to display (for example) dead or login entries. "
1102 "Further, there is no configuration file which allocates slots to sessions. "
1103 "BSD does so because it lacks I<ut_id> fields."
1107 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:274
1109 "In Linux (as in System V), the I<ut_id> field of a record will never change "
1110 "once it has been set, which reserves that slot without needing a "
1111 "configuration file. Clearing I<ut_id> may result in race conditions leading "
1112 "to corrupted utmp entries and potential security holes. Clearing the "
1113 "abovementioned fields by filling them with null bytes is not required by "
1114 "System V semantics, but makes it possible to run many programs which assume "
1115 "BSD semantics and which do not modify utmp. Linux uses the BSD conventions "
1116 "for line contents, as documented above."
1119 #. mtk: What is the referrent of "them" in the following sentence?
1120 #. System V only uses the type field to mark them and logs
1121 #. informative messages such as \fB"new time"\fP in the line field.
1123 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:279
1124 msgid "System V has no I<ut_host> or I<ut_addr_v6> fields."
1128 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:287
1130 "Unlike various other systems, where utmp logging can be disabled by removing "
1131 "the file, utmp must always exist on Linux. If you want to disable B<who>(1) "
1132 "then do not make utmp world readable."
1136 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:290
1138 "The file format is machine-dependent, so it is recommended that it be "
1139 "processed only on the machine architecture where it was created."
1143 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:311
1145 "Note that on I<biarch> platforms, that is, systems which can run both 32-bit "
1146 "and 64-bit applications (x86-64, ppc64, s390x, etc.), I<ut_tv> is the same "
1147 "size in 32-bit mode as in 64-bit mode. The same goes for I<ut_session> and "
1148 "I<ut_time> if they are present. This allows data files and shared memory to "
1149 "be shared between 32-bit and 64-bit applications. This is achieved by "
1150 "changing the type of I<ut_session> to I<int32_t>, and that of I<ut_tv> to a "
1151 "struct with two I<int32_t> fields I<tv_sec> and I<tv_usec>. Since I<ut_tv> "
1152 "may not be the same as I<struct timeval>, then instead of the call:"
1156 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:315
1158 msgid "gettimeofday((struct timeval *) &ut.ut_tv, NULL);\n"
1162 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:319
1163 msgid "the following method of setting this field is recommended:"
1167 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:324
1171 "struct timeval tv;\n"
1175 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:328
1178 "gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);\n"
1179 "ut.ut_tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;\n"
1180 "ut.ut_tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_usec;\n"
1184 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:335
1186 "Note that the I<utmp> struct from libc5 has changed in libc6. Because of "
1187 "this, binaries using the old libc5 struct will corrupt I</var/run/utmp> "
1188 "and/or I</var/log/wtmp>."
1192 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:335
1198 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:337
1199 msgid "This man page is based on the libc5 one, things may work differently now."
1203 #: build/C/man5/utmp.5:350
1205 "B<ac>(1), B<date>(1), B<last>(1), B<login>(1), B<who>(1), B<getutent>(3), "
1206 "B<getutmp>(3), B<login>(3), B<logout>(3), B<logwtmp>(3), B<updwtmp>(3), "