msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-04-25 05:36+0900\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-02-04 23:33+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
-"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:25
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "CPU_SET"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:25
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "2012-03-15"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:25 build/C/man2/clone.2:43 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:30 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:24 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:35 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:31 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:47 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:30 build/C/man2/setns.2:4 build/C/man2/unshare.2:17
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:27 build/C/man2/clone.2:42 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:28 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:29 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:26 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:29 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:34 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:26 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:26 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:29 build/C/man7/sched.7:32 build/C/man2/setns.2:8 build/C/man2/unshare.2:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:25 build/C/man2/clone.2:43 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:30 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:24 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:35 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:31 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:47 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:30 build/C/man2/setns.2:4 build/C/man2/unshare.2:17
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:27 build/C/man2/clone.2:42 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:28 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:29 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:26 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:29 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:34 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:26 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:26 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:29 build/C/man7/sched.7:32 build/C/man2/setns.2:8 build/C/man2/unshare.2:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:26 build/C/man2/clone.2:44 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:31 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:25 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:31 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:36 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:32 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:48 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:31 build/C/man2/setns.2:5 build/C/man2/unshare.2:18
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:28 build/C/man2/clone.2:43 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:29 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:30 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:27 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:35 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:27 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:31 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:27 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:30 build/C/man7/sched.7:33 build/C/man2/setns.2:9 build/C/man2/unshare.2:21
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:33
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:35
msgid ""
"CPU_SET, CPU_CLR, CPU_ISSET, CPU_ZERO, CPU_COUNT, CPU_AND, CPU_OR, CPU_XOR, "
"CPU_EQUAL, CPU_ALLOC, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE, CPU_FREE, CPU_SET_S, CPU_CLR_S, "
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:33 build/C/man2/clone.2:46 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:33 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:27 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:33 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:39 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:34 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:51 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:33 build/C/man2/setns.2:7 build/C/man2/unshare.2:20
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:35 build/C/man2/clone.2:45 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:31 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:32 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:29 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:32 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:38 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:33 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:32 build/C/man2/setns.2:11 build/C/man2/unshare.2:23
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""
-#. Actually _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
-#. FIXME See http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:37 build/C/man2/clone.2:52 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:43 build/C/man2/setns.2:11 build/C/man2/unshare.2:26
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:39 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:42 build/C/man2/setns.2:15
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:39
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<void CPU_ZERO(cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:43
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:45
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<void CPU_SET(int >I<cpu>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:45
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int CPU_COUNT(cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:52
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:54
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<void CPU_AND(cpu_set_t *>I<destset>B<,>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:54
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:56
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int CPU_EQUAL(cpu_set_t *>I<set1>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set2>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:58
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:60
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<cpu_set_t *CPU_ALLOC(int >I<num_cpus>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:60
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:62
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<void CPU_ZERO_S(size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:64
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:66
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<void CPU_SET_S(int >I<cpu>B<, size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:66
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:68
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int CPU_COUNT_S(size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:73
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:75
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<void CPU_AND_S(size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<destset>B<,>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:76
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:78
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int CPU_EQUAL_S(size_t >I<setsize>B<, cpu_set_t *>I<set1>B<, cpu_set_t "
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:77 build/C/man2/clone.2:58 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:39 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:35 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:37 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:50 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:48 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:67 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:37 build/C/man2/setns.2:14 build/C/man2/unshare.2:29
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:79 build/C/man2/clone.2:83 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:41 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:38 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:55 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:36 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:49 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:41 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:47 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:41 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:36 build/C/man7/sched.7:35 build/C/man2/setns.2:18 build/C/man2/unshare.2:50
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:84
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:86
msgid ""
"The I<cpu_set_t> data structure represents a set of CPUs. CPU sets are used "
"by B<sched_setaffinity>(2) and similar interfaces."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:91
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:93
msgid ""
-"The I<cpu_set_t> data type is implemented as a bitset. However, the data "
+"The I<cpu_set_t> data type is implemented as a bit set. However, the data "
"structure treated as considered opaque: all manipulation of CPU sets should "
"be done via the macros described in this page."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:94
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:96
msgid "The following macros are provided to operate on the CPU set I<set>:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:94
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:96
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_ZERO>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:99
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:101
msgid "Clears I<set>, so that it contains no CPUs."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:99
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:101
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_SET>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:105
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:107
msgid "Add CPU I<cpu> to I<set>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:105
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:107
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_CLR>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:111
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:113
msgid "Remove CPU I<cpu> from I<set>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:111
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:113
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_ISSET>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:117
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:119
msgid "Test to see if CPU I<cpu> is a member of I<set>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:117
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:119
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_COUNT>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:121
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:123
msgid "Return the number of CPUs in I<set>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:126
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:128
msgid ""
"Where a I<cpu> argument is specified, it should not produce side effects, "
"since the above macros may evaluate the argument more than once."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:137
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:139
msgid ""
"The first available CPU on the system corresponds to a I<cpu> value of 0, "
"the next CPU corresponds to a I<cpu> value of 1, and so on. The constant "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:139
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:141
msgid "The following macros perform logical operations on CPU sets:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:139
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:141
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_AND>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:148
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:150
msgid ""
"Store the intersection of the sets I<srcset1> and I<srcset2> in I<destset> "
"(which may be one of the source sets)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:148
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:150
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_OR>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:157
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:159
msgid ""
"Store the union of the sets I<srcset1> and I<srcset2> in I<destset> (which "
"may be one of the source sets)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:157
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:159
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_XOR>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:171
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:173
msgid ""
"Store the XOR of the sets I<srcset1> and I<srcset2> in I<destset> (which may "
"be one of the source sets). The XOR means the set of CPUs that are in "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:171
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:173
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_EQUAL>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:174
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:176
msgid "Test whether two CPU set contain exactly the same CPUs."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:174
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:176
#, no-wrap
msgid "Dynamically sized CPU sets"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:180
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:182
msgid ""
"Because some applications may require the ability to dynamically size CPU "
"sets (e.g., to allocate sets larger than that defined by the standard "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:182
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:184
msgid "The following macros are used to allocate and deallocate CPU sets:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:182
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:184
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_ALLOC>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:187
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:189
msgid ""
"Allocate a CPU set large enough to hold CPUs in the range 0 to "
"I<num_cpus-1>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:187
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:189
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_ALLOC_SIZE>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:197
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:199
msgid ""
"Return the size in bytes of the CPU set that would be needed to hold CPUs in "
"the range 0 to I<num_cpus-1>. This macro provides the value that can be "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:197
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:199
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CPU_FREE>()"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:201
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:203
msgid "Free a CPU set previously allocated by B<CPU_ALLOC>()."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:208
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:210
msgid ""
"The macros whose names end with \"_S\" are the analogs of the similarly "
"named macros without the suffix. These macros perform the same tasks as "
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:208 build/C/man2/clone.2:792 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:87 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:38 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:74 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:108 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:88 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:423 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:42 build/C/man2/setns.2:66 build/C/man2/unshare.2:183
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:210 build/C/man2/clone.2:873 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:127 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:97 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:58 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:73 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:107 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:262 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:87 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:135 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:41 build/C/man2/setns.2:138 build/C/man2/unshare.2:277
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:217
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:219
msgid ""
"B<CPU_ISSET>() and B<CPU_ISSET_S>() return nonzero if I<cpu> is in I<set>; "
"otherwise, it returns 0."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:223
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:225
msgid "B<CPU_COUNT>() and B<CPU_COUNT_S>() return the number of CPUs in I<set>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:228
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:230
msgid ""
"B<CPU_EQUAL>() and B<CPU_EQUAL_S>() return nonzero if the two CPU sets are "
"equal; otherwise it returns 0."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:233
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:235
msgid ""
"B<CPU_ALLOC>() returns a pointer on success, or NULL on failure. (Errors "
"are as for B<malloc>(3).)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:237
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:239
msgid ""
"B<CPU_ALLOC_SIZE>() returns the number of bytes required to store a CPU set "
"of the specified cardinality."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:239
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:241
msgid "The other functions do not return a value."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:239 build/C/man2/clone.2:909 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:50 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:149 build/C/man2/setns.2:93 build/C/man2/unshare.2:200
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:241 build/C/man2/clone.2:1031 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:198 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:70 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:148 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:348 build/C/man2/setns.2:186 build/C/man2/unshare.2:330
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:247
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:249
msgid ""
"The B<CPU_ZERO>(), B<CPU_SET>(), B<CPU_CLR>(), and B<CPU_ISSET>() macros "
"were added in glibc 2.3.3."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:250
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:252
msgid "B<CPU_COUNT>() first appeared in glibc 2.6."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:268
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:270
msgid ""
"B<CPU_AND>(), B<CPU_OR>(), B<CPU_XOR>(), B<CPU_EQUAL>(), B<CPU_ALLOC>(), "
"B<CPU_ALLOC_SIZE>(), B<CPU_FREE>(), B<CPU_ZERO_S>(), B<CPU_SET_S>(), "
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:268 build/C/man2/clone.2:916 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:101 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:52 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:95 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:160 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:111 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:445 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:53 build/C/man2/setns.2:97 build/C/man2/unshare.2:204
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:270 build/C/man2/clone.2:1038 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:202 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:113 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:77 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:94 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:159 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:351 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:119 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:170 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:52 build/C/man2/setns.2:191 build/C/man2/unshare.2:334
#, no-wrap
msgid "CONFORMING TO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:270
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:272
msgid "These interfaces are Linux-specific."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:270 build/C/man2/clone.2:923 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:55 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:97 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:162 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:448 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:55 build/C/man2/setns.2:101 build/C/man2/unshare.2:208
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:272 build/C/man2/clone.2:1042 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:205 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:80 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:96 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:161 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:353 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:121 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:173 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:54 build/C/man7/sched.7:611 build/C/man2/setns.2:195 build/C/man2/unshare.2:338
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:273
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:275
msgid "To duplicate a CPU set, use B<memcpy>(3)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:280
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:282
msgid ""
-"Since CPU sets are bitsets allocated in units of long words, the actual "
+"Since CPU sets are bit sets allocated in units of long words, the actual "
"number of CPUs in a dynamically allocated CPU set will be rounded up to the "
"next multiple of I<sizeof(unsigned long)>. An application should consider "
"the contents of these extra bits to be undefined."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:292
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:294
msgid ""
"Notwithstanding the similarity in the names, note that the constant "
"B<CPU_SETSIZE> indicates the number of CPUs in the I<cpu_set_t> data type "
-"(thus, it is effectively a count of bits in the bitset), while the "
+"(thus, it is effectively a count of bits in the bit set), while the "
"I<setsize> argument of the B<CPU_*_S>() macros is a size in bytes."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:298
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:300
msgid ""
"The data types for arguments and return values shown in the SYNOPSIS are "
"hints what about is expected in each case. However, since these interfaces "
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:298 build/C/man2/clone.2:970 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:509 build/C/man2/setns.2:107
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:300 build/C/man2/clone.2:1067 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:369 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "BUGS"
msgstr ""
#. http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7029
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:310
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:312
msgid ""
"On 32-bit platforms with glibc 2.8 and earlier, B<CPU_ALLOC>() allocates "
"twice as much space as is required, and B<CPU_ALLOC_SIZE>() returns a value "
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:310
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:312 build/C/man2/clone.2:1109 build/C/man2/setns.2:201 build/C/man2/unshare.2:372
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLE"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:313
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:315
msgid ""
"The following program demonstrates the use of some of the macros used for "
"dynamically allocated CPU sets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:321
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:323
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:328
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:330
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:333
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:335
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" if (argc E<lt> 2) {\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:335
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:337
#, no-wrap
msgid " num_cpus = atoi(argv[1]);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:341
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:343
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" cpusetp = CPU_ALLOC(num_cpus);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:343
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:345
#, no-wrap
msgid " size = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(num_cpus);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:347
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:349
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" CPU_ZERO_S(size, cpusetp);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:349
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:351
#, no-wrap
msgid " printf(\"CPU_COUNT() of set: %d\\en\", CPU_COUNT_S(size, cpusetp));\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:353
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:355
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" CPU_FREE(cpusetp);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:354 build/C/man2/clone.2:1012 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:103 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:75 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:126 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:215 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:113 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:517 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:79 build/C/man2/setns.2:115 build/C/man2/unshare.2:244
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:356 build/C/man2/clone.2:1206 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:222 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:115 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:100 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:132 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:226 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:385 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:127 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:222 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:79 build/C/man7/sched.7:664 build/C/man2/setns.2:288 build/C/man2/unshare.2:459
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:358
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:361
msgid ""
"B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<pthread_attr_setaffinity_np>(3), "
"B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3), B<cpuset>(7)"
msgstr ""
+#. type: SH
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:361 build/C/man2/clone.2:1221 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:225 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:125 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:103 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:134 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:248 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:408 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:142 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:242 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:81 build/C/man7/sched.7:702 build/C/man2/setns.2:295 build/C/man2/unshare.2:470
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "COLOPHON"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/CPU_SET.3:369 build/C/man2/clone.2:1229 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:233 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:133 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:111 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:142 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:256 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:416 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:150 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:250 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:89 build/C/man7/sched.7:710 build/C/man2/setns.2:303 build/C/man2/unshare.2:478
+msgid ""
+"This page is part of release 3.79 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
+"description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest "
+"version of this page, can be found at "
+"\\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:43
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:42
#, no-wrap
msgid "CLONE"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:43
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:42 build/C/man2/unshare.2:20
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2011-09-08"
+msgid "2014-09-21"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:46
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:45
msgid "clone, __clone2 - create a child process"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:57
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:48
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "/* Prototype for the glibc wrapper function */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:50 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:32 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:33 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:36 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:33 build/C/man2/unshare.2:26
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:55
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int clone(int (*>I<fn>B<)(void *), void *>I<child_stack>B<,>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:57
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "/* Prototype for the raw system call */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:61
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<long clone(unsigned long >I<flags>B<, void *>I<child_stack>B<,>\n"
+"B< void *>I<ptid>B<, void *>I<ctid>B<,>\n"
+"B< struct pt_regs *>I<regs>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:66
+msgid ""
+"Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc wrapper function (see "
+"B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/clone.2:69
+msgid "B<clone>():"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:72 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:45 build/C/man2/unshare.2:39
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Since glibc 2.14:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:75 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:48 build/C/man2/unshare.2:42
+msgid "_GNU_SOURCE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. See http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:75 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:48 build/C/man2/unshare.2:42
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Before glibc 2.14:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:80 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:52 build/C/man2/unshare.2:47
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE\n"
+" /* _GNU_SOURCE also suffices */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:87
+msgid "B<clone>() creates a new process, in a manner similar to B<fork>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:94
msgid ""
-"B<clone>() creates a new process, in a manner similar to B<fork>(2). It is "
-"actually a library function layered on top of the underlying B<clone>() "
-"system call, hereinafter referred to as B<sys_clone>. A description of "
-"B<sys_clone> is given toward the end of this page."
+"This page describes both the glibc B<clone>() wrapper function and the "
+"underlying system call on which it is based. The main text describes the "
+"wrapper function; the differences for the raw system call are described "
+"toward the end of this page."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:81
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:106
msgid ""
-"Unlike B<fork>(2), these calls allow the child process to share parts of its "
-"execution context with the calling process, such as the memory space, the "
-"table of file descriptors, and the table of signal handlers. (Note that on "
-"this manual page, \"calling process\" normally corresponds to \"parent "
+"Unlike B<fork>(2), B<clone>() allows the child process to share parts of "
+"its execution context with the calling process, such as the memory space, "
+"the table of file descriptors, and the table of signal handlers. (Note that "
+"on this manual page, \"calling process\" normally corresponds to \"parent "
"process\". But see the description of B<CLONE_PARENT> below.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:86
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:111
msgid ""
"The main use of B<clone>() is to implement threads: multiple threads of "
"control in a program that run concurrently in a shared memory space."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:107
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:131
msgid ""
"When the child process is created with B<clone>(), it executes the function "
-"application I<fn>(I<arg>). (This differs from B<fork>(2), where execution "
-"continues in the child from the point of the B<fork>(2) call.) The I<fn> "
-"argument is a pointer to a function that is called by the child process at "
-"the beginning of its execution. The I<arg> argument is passed to the I<fn> "
-"function."
+"I<fn>(I<arg>). (This differs from B<fork>(2), where execution continues in "
+"the child from the point of the B<fork>(2) call.) The I<fn> argument is a "
+"pointer to a function that is called by the child process at the beginning "
+"of its execution. The I<arg> argument is passed to the I<fn> function."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:117
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:141
msgid ""
"When the I<fn>(I<arg>) function application returns, the child process "
"terminates. The integer returned by I<fn> is the exit code for the child "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:133
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:157
msgid ""
"The I<child_stack> argument specifies the location of the stack used by the "
"child process. Since the child and calling process may share memory, it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:149
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:173
msgid ""
"The low byte of I<flags> contains the number of the I<termination signal> "
"sent to the parent when the child dies. If this signal is specified as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:154
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:178
msgid ""
"I<flags> may also be bitwise-or'ed with zero or more of the following "
"constants, in order to specify what is shared between the calling process "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:154
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:178
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> (since Linux 2.5.49)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:164
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:188
msgid ""
"Erase child thread ID at location I<ctid> in child memory when the child "
"exits, and do a wakeup on the futex at that address. The address involved "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:164
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:188
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> (since Linux 2.5.49)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:169
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:193
msgid "Store child thread ID at location I<ctid> in child memory."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:169 build/C/man2/unshare.2:53
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:193
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<CLONE_FILES>"
+msgid "B<CLONE_FILES> (since Linux 2.0)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:182
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:206
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_FILES> is set, the calling process and the child process share "
"the same file descriptor table. Any file descriptor created by the calling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:196
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:220
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_FILES> is not set, the child process inherits a copy of all file "
"descriptors opened in the calling process at the time of B<clone>(). (The "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:196 build/C/man2/unshare.2:61
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:220
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<CLONE_FS>"
+msgid "B<CLONE_FS> (since Linux 2.0)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:211
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:235
msgid ""
-"If B<CLONE_FS> is set, the caller and the child process share the same file "
-"system information. This includes the root of the file system, the current "
-"working directory, and the umask. Any call to B<chroot>(2), B<chdir>(2), or "
-"B<umask>(2) performed by the calling process or the child process also "
-"affects the other process."
+"If B<CLONE_FS> is set, the caller and the child process share the same "
+"filesystem information. This includes the root of the filesystem, the "
+"current working directory, and the umask. Any call to B<chroot>(2), "
+"B<chdir>(2), or B<umask>(2) performed by the calling process or the child "
+"process also affects the other process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:223
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:247
msgid ""
-"If B<CLONE_FS> is not set, the child process works on a copy of the file "
-"system information of the calling process at the time of the B<clone>() "
+"If B<CLONE_FS> is not set, the child process works on a copy of the "
+"filesystem information of the calling process at the time of the B<clone>() "
"call. Calls to B<chroot>(2), B<chdir>(2), B<umask>(2) performed later by "
"one of the processes do not affect the other process."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:223
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:247
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_IO> (since Linux 2.6.25)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:232
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:256
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_IO> is set, then the new process shares an I/O context with the "
"calling process. If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2)) the "
#. the anticipatory and CFQ scheduler
#. with CFQ and AS.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:249
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:273
msgid ""
"The I/O context is the I/O scope of the disk scheduler (i.e, what the I/O "
"scheduler uses to model scheduling of a process's I/O). If processes share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:253
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:277
msgid ""
"If the kernel is not configured with the B<CONFIG_BLOCK> option, this flag "
"is a no-op."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:253 build/C/man2/unshare.2:74
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:277 build/C/man2/unshare.2:96
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWIPC> (since Linux 2.6.19)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:263
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:287
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_NEWIPC> is set, then create the process in a new IPC namespace. "
"If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2)), the process is created "
"the implementation of containers."
msgstr ""
+#. commit 7eafd7c74c3f2e67c27621b987b28397110d643f
+#. https://lwn.net/Articles/312232/
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:299
+msgid ""
+"An IPC namespace provides an isolated view of System\\ V IPC objects (see "
+"B<svipc>(7)) and (since Linux 2.6.30) POSIX message queues (see "
+"B<mq_overview>(7)). The common characteristic of these IPC mechanisms is "
+"that IPC objects are identified by mechanisms other than filesystem "
+"pathnames."
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:274
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:303
msgid ""
-"An IPC namespace consists of the set of identifiers for System V IPC "
-"objects. (These objects are created using B<msgctl>(2), B<semctl>(2), and "
-"B<shmctl>(2)). Objects created in an IPC namespace are visible to all other "
-"processes that are members of that namespace, but are not visible to "
-"processes in other IPC namespaces."
+"Objects created in an IPC namespace are visible to all other processes that "
+"are members of that namespace, but are not visible to processes in other IPC "
+"namespaces."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:278
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:307
msgid ""
-"When an IPC namespace is destroyed (i.e, when the last process that is a "
+"When an IPC namespace is destroyed (i.e., when the last process that is a "
"member of the namespace terminates), all IPC objects in the namespace are "
"automatically destroyed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:287
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:314
msgid ""
-"Use of this flag requires: a kernel configured with the B<CONFIG_SYSVIPC> "
-"and B<CONFIG_IPC_NS> options and that the process be privileged "
-"(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>). This flag can't be specified in conjunction with "
-"B<CLONE_SYSVSEM>."
+"Only a privileged process (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can employ B<CLONE_NEWIPC>. "
+"This flag can't be specified in conjunction with B<CLONE_SYSVSEM>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:317
+msgid "For further information on IPC namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:287 build/C/man2/unshare.2:91
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:317 build/C/man2/unshare.2:113
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWNET> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""
-#. FIXME Check when the implementation was completed
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:292
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:321
msgid ""
-"(The implementation of this flag was only completed by about kernel version "
+"(The implementation of this flag was completed only by about kernel version "
"2.6.29.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:301
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:330
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_NEWNET> is set, then create the process in a new network "
-"namespace. If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2)), the process "
+"namespace. If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2)) the process "
"is created in the same network namespace as the calling process. This flag "
"is intended for the implementation of containers."
msgstr ""
+#. FIXME . Add pointer to veth(4) page when it is eventually completed
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:315
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:345
msgid ""
"A network namespace provides an isolated view of the networking stack "
"(network device interfaces, IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks, IP routing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:320
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:352
msgid ""
"When a network namespace is freed (i.e., when the last process in the "
"namespace terminates), its physical network devices are moved back to the "
-"initial network namespace (not to the parent of the process)."
+"initial network namespace (not to the parent of the process). For further "
+"information on network namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:325
-msgid ""
-"Use of this flag requires: a kernel configured with the B<CONFIG_NET_NS> "
-"option and that the process be privileged (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:357
+msgid "Only a privileged process (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can employ B<CLONE_NEWNET>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:325
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:357
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWNS> (since Linux 2.4.19)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:328
-msgid "Start the child in a new mount namespace."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:349
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:367
msgid ""
-"Every process lives in a mount namespace. The I<namespace> of a process is "
-"the data (the set of mounts) describing the file hierarchy as seen by that "
-"process. After a B<fork>(2) or B<clone>() where the B<CLONE_NEWNS> flag "
-"is not set, the child lives in the same mount namespace as the parent. The "
-"system calls B<mount>(2) and B<umount>(2) change the mount namespace of "
-"the calling process, and hence affect all processes that live in the same "
-"namespace, but do not affect processes in a different mount namespace."
+"If B<CLONE_NEWNS> is set, the cloned child is started in a new mount "
+"namespace, initialized with a copy of the namespace of the parent. If "
+"B<CLONE_NEWNS> is not set, the child lives in the same mount namespace as "
+"the parent."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:356
-msgid ""
-"After a B<clone>() where the B<CLONE_NEWNS> flag is set, the cloned child "
-"is started in a new mount namespace, initialized with a copy of the "
-"namespace of the parent."
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:370
+msgid "For further information on mount namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""
+#. See https://lwn.net/Articles/543273/
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:368
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:383
msgid ""
-"Only a privileged process (one having the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability) may "
-"specify the B<CLONE_NEWNS> flag. It is not permitted to specify both "
-"B<CLONE_NEWNS> and B<CLONE_FS> in the same B<clone>() call."
+"Only a privileged process (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can employ B<CLONE_NEWNS>. It "
+"is not permitted to specify both B<CLONE_NEWNS> and B<CLONE_FS> in the same "
+"B<clone>() call."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:368
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:383
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWPID> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""
#. The primary kernel commit is 30e49c263e36341b60b735cbef5ca37912549264
#. Author: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:385
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:400
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_NEWPID> is set, then create the process in a new PID namespace. "
-"If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2)), the process is created "
+"If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2)) the process is created "
"in the same PID namespace as the calling process. This flag is intended for "
"the implementation of containers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:394
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:405
+msgid ""
+"For further information on PID namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7) and "
+"B<pid_namespaces>(7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:414
+msgid ""
+"Only a privileged process (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can employ B<CLONE_NEWPID>. "
+"This flag can't be specified in conjunction with B<CLONE_THREAD> or "
+"B<CLONE_PARENT>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:414
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<CLONE_NEWUSER>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:424
msgid ""
-"A PID namespace provides an isolated environment for PIDs: PIDs in a new "
-"namespace start at 1, somewhat like a standalone system, and calls to "
-"B<fork>(2), B<vfork>(2), or B<clone>() will produce processes with PIDs "
-"that are unique within the namespace."
+"(This flag first became meaningful for B<clone>() in Linux 2.6.23, the "
+"current B<clone>() semantics were merged in Linux 3.5, and the final pieces "
+"to make the user namespaces completely usable were merged in Linux 3.8.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:406
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:431
msgid ""
-"The first process created in a new namespace (i.e., the process created "
-"using the B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag) has the PID 1, and is the \"init\" process "
-"for the namespace. Children that are orphaned within the namespace will be "
-"reparented to this process rather than B<init>(8). Unlike the traditional "
-"B<init> process, the \"init\" process of a PID namespace can terminate, and "
-"if it does, all of the processes in the namespace are terminated."
+"If B<CLONE_NEWUSER> is set, then create the process in a new user "
+"namespace. If this flag is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2)) the process "
+"is created in the same user namespace as the calling process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:425
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:436
msgid ""
-"PID namespaces form a hierarchy. When a new PID namespace is created, the "
-"processes in that namespace are visible in the PID namespace of the process "
-"that created the new namespace; analogously, if the parent PID namespace is "
-"itself the child of another PID namespace, then processes in the child and "
-"parent PID namespaces will both be visible in the grandparent PID "
-"namespace. Conversely, the processes in the \"child\" PID namespace do not "
-"see the processes in the parent namespace. The existence of a namespace "
-"hierarchy means that each process may now have multiple PIDs: one for each "
-"namespace in which it is visible; each of these PIDs is unique within the "
-"corresponding namespace. (A call to B<getpid>(2) always returns the PID "
-"associated with the namespace in which the process lives.)"
+"For further information on user namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7) and "
+"B<user_namespaces>(7)"
msgstr ""
-#. mount -t proc proc /proc
+#. Before Linux 2.6.29, it appears that only CAP_SYS_ADMIN was needed
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:441
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:447
msgid ""
-"After creating the new namespace, it is useful for the child to change its "
-"root directory and mount a new procfs instance at I</proc> so that tools "
-"such as B<ps>(1) work correctly. (If B<CLONE_NEWNS> is also included in "
-"I<flags>, then it isn't necessary to change the root directory: a new procfs "
-"instance can be mounted directly over I</proc>.)"
+"Before Linux 3.8, use of B<CLONE_NEWUSER> required that the caller have "
+"three capabilities: B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>, B<CAP_SETUID>, and B<CAP_SETGID>. "
+"Starting with Linux 3.8, no privileges are needed to create a user "
+"namespace."
msgstr ""
+#. commit e66eded8309ebf679d3d3c1f5820d1f2ca332c71
+#. https://lwn.net/Articles/543273/
+#. The fix actually went into 3.9 and into 3.8.3. However, user namespaces
+#. were, for practical purposes, unusable in earlier 3.8.x because of the
+#. various filesystems that didn't support userns.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:448
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:461
msgid ""
-"Use of this flag requires: a kernel configured with the B<CONFIG_PID_NS> "
-"option and that the process be privileged (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>). This flag "
-"can't be specified in conjunction with B<CLONE_THREAD>."
+"This flag can't be specified in conjunction with B<CLONE_THREAD> or "
+"B<CLONE_PARENT>. For security reasons, B<CLONE_NEWUSER> cannot be specified "
+"in conjunction with B<CLONE_FS>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:464 build/C/man2/unshare.2:209
+msgid "For further information on user namespaces, see B<user_namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:448 build/C/man2/unshare.2:140
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:464 build/C/man2/unshare.2:209
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWUTS> (since Linux 2.6.19)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:460
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:476
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_NEWUTS> is set, then create the process in a new UTS namespace, "
"whose identifiers are initialized by duplicating the identifiers from the "
"UTS namespace of the calling process. If this flag is not set, then (as "
-"with B<fork>(2)), the process is created in the same UTS namespace as the "
+"with B<fork>(2)) the process is created in the same UTS namespace as the "
"calling process. This flag is intended for the implementation of "
"containers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:472
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:487
msgid ""
"A UTS namespace is the set of identifiers returned by B<uname>(2); among "
-"these, the domain name and the host name can be modified by "
+"these, the domain name and the hostname can be modified by "
"B<setdomainname>(2) and B<sethostname>(2), respectively. Changes made to "
"the identifiers in a UTS namespace are visible to all other processes in the "
"same namespace, but are not visible to processes in other UTS namespaces."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:477
-msgid ""
-"Use of this flag requires: a kernel configured with the B<CONFIG_UTS_NS> "
-"option and that the process be privileged (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:492
+msgid "Only a privileged process (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can employ B<CLONE_NEWUTS>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:495
+msgid "For further information on UTS namespaces, see B<namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:477
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:495
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_PARENT> (since Linux 2.3.12)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:484
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:502
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_PARENT> is set, then the parent of the new child (as returned by "
"B<getppid>(2)) will be the same as that of the calling process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:490
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:508
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_PARENT> is not set, then (as with B<fork>(2)) the child's parent "
"is the calling process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:498
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:516
msgid ""
"Note that it is the parent process, as returned by B<getppid>(2), which is "
"signaled when the child terminates, so that if B<CLONE_PARENT> is set, then "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:498
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:516
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_PARENT_SETTID> (since Linux 2.5.49)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:506
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:524
msgid ""
"Store child thread ID at location I<ptid> in parent and child memory. (In "
"Linux 2.5.32-2.5.48 there was a flag B<CLONE_SETTID> that did this.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:506
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:524
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_PID> (obsolete)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:517
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:535
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_PID> is set, the child process is created with the same process "
"ID as the calling process. This is good for hacking the system, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:517
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:535
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<CLONE_PTRACE>"
+msgid "B<CLONE_PTRACE> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:524
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:542
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_PTRACE> is specified, and the calling process is being traced, "
"then trace the child also (see B<ptrace>(2))."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:524
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:542
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_SETTLS> (since Linux 2.5.32)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:531
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:549
msgid ""
"The I<newtls> argument is the new TLS (Thread Local Storage) descriptor. "
"(See B<set_thread_area>(2).)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:531
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:549
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<CLONE_SIGHAND>"
+msgid "B<CLONE_SIGHAND> (since Linux 2.0)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:547
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:565
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_SIGHAND> is set, the calling process and the child process share "
"the same table of signal handlers. If the calling process or child process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:558
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:576
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_SIGHAND> is not set, the child process inherits a copy of the "
"signal handlers of the calling process at the time B<clone>() is called. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:566
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:584
msgid ""
"Since Linux 2.6.0-test6, I<flags> must also include B<CLONE_VM> if "
"B<CLONE_SIGHAND> is specified"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:566
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:584
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_STOPPED> (since Linux 2.6.0-test2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:575
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:593
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_STOPPED> is set, then the child is initially stopped (as though "
"it was sent a B<SIGSTOP> signal), and must be resumed by sending it a "
#. glibc 2.8 removed this defn from bits/sched.h
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:583
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:601
msgid ""
"This flag was I<deprecated> from Linux 2.6.25 onward, and was I<removed> "
"altogether in Linux 2.6.38."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:583
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:601
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> (since Linux 2.5.10)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:592
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:619
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> is set, then the child and the calling process share a "
-"single list of System V semaphore undo values (see B<semop>(2)). If this "
-"flag is not set, then the child has a separate undo list, which is initially "
-"empty."
+"single list of System V semaphore adjustment (I<semadj>) values (see "
+"B<semop>(2)). In this case, the shared list accumulates I<semadj> values "
+"across all processes sharing the list, and semaphore adjustments are "
+"performed only when the last process that is sharing the list terminates (or "
+"ceases sharing the list using B<unshare>(2)). If this flag is not set, then "
+"the child has a separate I<semadj> list that is initially empty."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:592
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:619
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_THREAD> (since Linux 2.4.0-test8)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:601
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:628
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_THREAD> is set, the child is placed in the same thread group as "
"the calling process. To make the remainder of the discussion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:609
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:636
msgid ""
"Thread groups were a feature added in Linux 2.4 to support the POSIX threads "
"notion of a set of threads that share a single PID. Internally, this shared "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:618
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:645
msgid ""
"The threads within a group can be distinguished by their (system-wide) "
"unique thread IDs (TID). A new thread's TID is available as the function "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:628
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:655
msgid ""
"When a call is made to B<clone>() without specifying B<CLONE_THREAD>, then "
"the resulting thread is placed in a new thread group whose TGID is the same "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:650
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:677
msgid ""
"A new thread created with B<CLONE_THREAD> has the same parent process as the "
"caller of B<clone>() (i.e., like B<CLONE_PARENT>), so that calls to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:655
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:682
msgid ""
"After all of the threads in a thread group terminate the parent process of "
"the thread group is sent a B<SIGCHLD> (or other termination) signal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:660
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:687
msgid ""
"If any of the threads in a thread group performs an B<execve>(2), then all "
"threads other than the thread group leader are terminated, and the new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:666
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:693
msgid ""
"If one of the threads in a thread group creates a child using B<fork>(2), "
"then any thread in the group can B<wait>(2) for that child."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:674
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:706
msgid ""
"Since Linux 2.5.35, I<flags> must also include B<CLONE_SIGHAND> if "
-"B<CLONE_THREAD> is specified."
+"B<CLONE_THREAD> is specified (and note that, since Linux 2.6.0-test6, "
+"B<CLONE_SIGHAND> also requires B<CLONE_VM> to be included)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:679
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:711
msgid ""
"Signals may be sent to a thread group as a whole (i.e., a TGID) using "
"B<kill>(2), or to a specific thread (i.e., TID) using B<tgkill>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:684
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:716
msgid ""
"Signal dispositions and actions are process-wide: if an unhandled signal is "
"delivered to a thread, then it will affect (terminate, stop, continue, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:697
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:729
msgid ""
"Each thread has its own signal mask, as set by B<sigprocmask>(2), but "
"signals can be pending either: for the whole process (i.e., deliverable to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:709
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:741
msgid ""
"If B<kill>(2) is used to send a signal to a thread group, and the thread "
"group has installed a handler for the signal, then the handler will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:709
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:741
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_UNTRACED> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:716
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:748
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_UNTRACED> is specified, then a tracing process cannot force "
"B<CLONE_PTRACE> on this child process."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:716
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:748
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<CLONE_VFORK>"
+msgid "B<CLONE_VFORK> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:728
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:760
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_VFORK> is set, the execution of the calling process is suspended "
"until the child releases its virtual memory resources via a call to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:734
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:766
msgid ""
-"If B<CLONE_VFORK> is not set then both the calling process and the child are "
-"schedulable after the call, and an application should not rely on execution "
-"occurring in any particular order."
+"If B<CLONE_VFORK> is not set, then both the calling process and the child "
+"are schedulable after the call, and an application should not rely on "
+"execution occurring in any particular order."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:734
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:766
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<CLONE_VM>"
+msgid "B<CLONE_VM> (since Linux 2.0)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:747
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:779
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_VM> is set, the calling process and the child process run in the "
"same memory space. In particular, memory writes performed by the calling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:756
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:788
msgid ""
"If B<CLONE_VM> is not set, the child process runs in a separate copy of the "
"memory space of the calling process at the time of B<clone>(). Memory "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:756
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:788 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:212
#, no-wrap
-msgid "sys_clone"
+msgid "C library/kernel ABI differences"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:773
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:804
msgid ""
-"The B<sys_clone> system call corresponds more closely to B<fork>(2) in that "
-"execution in the child continues from the point of the call. Thus, "
-"B<sys_clone> only requires the I<flags> and I<child_stack> arguments, which "
-"have the same meaning as for B<clone>(). (Note that the order of these "
-"arguments differs from B<clone>().)"
+"The raw B<clone>() system call corresponds more closely to B<fork>(2) in "
+"that execution in the child continues from the point of the call. As such, "
+"the I<fn> and I<arg> arguments of the B<clone>() wrapper function are "
+"omitted. Furthermore, the argument order changes. The raw system call "
+"interface on x86 and many other architectures is roughly:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:784
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:810
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<long clone(unsigned long >I<flags>B<, void *>I<child_stack>B<,>\n"
+"B< void *>I<ptid>B<, void *>I<ctid>B<,>\n"
+"B< struct pt_regs *>I<regs>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:821
+msgid ""
+"Another difference for the raw system call is that the I<child_stack> "
+"argument may be zero, in which case copy-on-write semantics ensure that the "
+"child gets separate copies of stack pages when either process modifies the "
+"stack. In this case, for correct operation, the B<CLONE_VM> option should "
+"not be specified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:829
+msgid ""
+"For some architectures, the order of the arguments for the system call "
+"differs from that shown above. On the score, microblaze, ARM, ARM 64, "
+"PA-RISC, arc, Power PC, xtensa, and MIPS architectures, the order of the "
+"fourth and fifth arguments is reversed. On the cris and s390 architectures, "
+"the order of the first and second arguments is reversed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:829
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "blackfin, m68k, and sparc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:833
+msgid ""
+"The argument-passing conventions on blackfin, m68k, and sparc are different "
+"from the descriptions above. For details, see the kernel (and glibc) "
+"source."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:833
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "ia64"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:835
+msgid "On ia64, a different interface is used:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:842
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<int __clone2(int (*>I<fn>B<)(void *), >\n"
+"B< void *>I<child_stack_base>B<, size_t >I<stack_size>B<,>\n"
+"B< int >I<flags>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, ... >\n"
+"B< /* pid_t *>I<ptid>B<, struct user_desc *>I<tls>B<, pid_t "
+"*>I<ctid>B< */ );>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:854
+msgid ""
+"The prototype shown above is for the glibc wrapper function; the raw system "
+"call interface has no I<fn> or I<arg> argument, and changes the order of the "
+"arguments so that I<flags> is the first argument, and I<tls> is the last "
+"argument."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:865
msgid ""
-"Another difference for B<sys_clone> is that the I<child_stack> argument may "
-"be zero, in which case copy-on-write semantics ensure that the child gets "
-"separate copies of stack pages when either process modifies the stack. In "
-"this case, for correct operation, the B<CLONE_VM> option should not be "
-"specified."
+"B<__clone2>() operates in the same way as B<clone>(), except that "
+"I<child_stack_base> points to the lowest address of the child's stack area, "
+"and I<stack_size> specifies the size of the stack pointed to by "
+"I<child_stack_base>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:865
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Linux 2.4 and earlier"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:792
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:873
msgid ""
"In Linux 2.4 and earlier, B<clone>() does not take arguments I<ptid>, "
"I<tls>, and I<ctid>."
#. gettid(2) returns current->pid;
#. getpid(2) returns current->tgid;
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:801
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:882
msgid ""
"On success, the thread ID of the child process is returned in the caller's "
"thread of execution. On failure, -1 is returned in the caller's context, no "
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:801 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:97 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:45 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:81 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:117 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:97 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:433 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:49 build/C/man2/setns.2:73 build/C/man2/unshare.2:188
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:882 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:170 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:107 build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:65 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:80 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:116 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:271 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:96 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:145 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:48 build/C/man2/setns.2:145 build/C/man2/unshare.2:282
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:802
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:883
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EAGAIN>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:805
-msgid "Too many processes are already running."
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:887
+msgid "Too many processes are already running; see B<fork>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:805 build/C/man2/clone.2:812 build/C/man2/clone.2:827 build/C/man2/clone.2:835 build/C/man2/clone.2:843 build/C/man2/clone.2:851 build/C/man2/clone.2:857 build/C/man2/clone.2:867 build/C/man2/clone.2:875 build/C/man2/clone.2:883 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:98 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:85 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:121 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:129 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:98 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:434 build/C/man2/setns.2:78 build/C/man2/unshare.2:189
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:887 build/C/man2/clone.2:894 build/C/man2/clone.2:909 build/C/man2/clone.2:926 build/C/man2/clone.2:934 build/C/man2/clone.2:946 build/C/man2/clone.2:952 build/C/man2/clone.2:962 build/C/man2/clone.2:970 build/C/man2/clone.2:978 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:181 build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:108 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:84 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:120 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:128 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:276 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:300 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:323 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:97 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:104 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:146 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:153 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:158 build/C/man2/setns.2:150 build/C/man2/setns.2:155 build/C/man2/setns.2:159 build/C/man2/setns.2:164 build/C/man2/setns.2:168 build/C/man2/setns.2:175 build/C/man2/unshare.2:283 build/C/man2/unshare.2:287
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:812
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:894
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_SIGHAND> was specified, but B<CLONE_VM> was not. (Since Linux "
"2.6.0-test6.)"
#. was specified.
#. (Since Linux 2.6.0-test6.)
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:827
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:909
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_THREAD> was specified, but B<CLONE_SIGHAND> was not. (Since Linux "
"2.5.35.)"
msgstr ""
+#. commit e66eded8309ebf679d3d3c1f5820d1f2ca332c71
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:835
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:918
msgid "Both B<CLONE_FS> and B<CLONE_NEWNS> were specified in I<flags>."
msgstr ""
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:918
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<EINVAL> (since Linux 3.9)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:926
+msgid "Both B<CLONE_NEWUSER> and B<CLONE_FS> were specified in I<flags>."
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:843
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:934
msgid "Both B<CLONE_NEWIPC> and B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> were specified in I<flags>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:851
-msgid "Both B<CLONE_NEWPID> and B<CLONE_THREAD> were specified in I<flags>."
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:946
+msgid ""
+"One (or both) of B<CLONE_NEWPID> or B<CLONE_NEWUSER> and one (or both) of "
+"B<CLONE_THREAD> or B<CLONE_PARENT> were specified in I<flags>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:857
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:952
msgid "Returned by B<clone>() when a zero value is specified for I<child_stack>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:867
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:962
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWIPC> was specified in I<flags>, but the kernel was not configured "
"with the B<CONFIG_SYSVIPC> and B<CONFIG_IPC_NS> options."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:875
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:970
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWNET> was specified in I<flags>, but the kernel was not configured "
"with the B<CONFIG_NET_NS> option."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:883
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:978
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWPID> was specified in I<flags>, but the kernel was not configured "
"with the B<CONFIG_PID_NS> option."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:891
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:986
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWUTS> was specified in I<flags>, but the kernel was not configured "
"with the B<CONFIG_UTS> option."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:891 build/C/man2/setns.2:85 build/C/man2/unshare.2:193
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:986 build/C/man2/setns.2:179 build/C/man2/unshare.2:296
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOMEM>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:896
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:991
msgid ""
"Cannot allocate sufficient memory to allocate a task structure for the "
"child, or to copy those parts of the caller's context that need to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:896 build/C/man2/clone.2:905 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:136 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:102 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:439 build/C/man2/setns.2:88 build/C/man2/unshare.2:197
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:991 build/C/man2/clone.2:1000 build/C/man2/clone.2:1004 build/C/man2/kcmp.2:185 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:135 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:339 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:342 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:109 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:164 build/C/man2/setns.2:182 build/C/man2/unshare.2:300 build/C/man2/unshare.2:303
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EPERM>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:905
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1000
msgid ""
"B<CLONE_NEWIPC>, B<CLONE_NEWNET>, B<CLONE_NEWNS>, B<CLONE_NEWPID>, or "
"B<CLONE_NEWUTS> was specified by an unprivileged process (process without "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:909
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1004
msgid "B<CLONE_PID> was specified by a process other than process 0."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:916
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1012 build/C/man2/unshare.2:311
msgid ""
-"There is no entry for B<clone>() in libc5. glibc2 provides B<clone>() as "
-"described in this manual page."
+"B<CLONE_NEWUSER> was specified in I<flags>, but either the effective user ID "
+"or the effective group ID of the caller does not have a mapping in the "
+"parent namespace (see B<user_namespaces>(7))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1012 build/C/man2/unshare.2:311
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<EPERM> (since Linux 3.9)"
msgstr ""
+#. commit 3151527ee007b73a0ebd296010f1c0454a919c7d
+#. FIXME What is the rationale for this restriction?
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:923
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1022 build/C/man2/unshare.2:321
msgid ""
-"The B<clone>() and B<sys_clone> calls are Linux-specific and should not be "
-"used in programs intended to be portable."
+"B<CLONE_NEWUSER> was specified in I<flags> and the caller is in a chroot "
+"environment (i.e., the caller's root directory does not match the root "
+"directory of the mount namespace in which it resides)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1022 build/C/man2/unshare.2:321
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<EUSERS> (since Linux 3.11)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:933
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1031 build/C/man2/unshare.2:330
msgid ""
-"In the kernel 2.4.x series, B<CLONE_THREAD> generally does not make the "
-"parent of the new thread the same as the parent of the calling process. "
-"However, for kernel versions 2.4.7 to 2.4.18 the B<CLONE_THREAD> flag "
-"implied the B<CLONE_PARENT> flag (as in kernel 2.6)."
+"B<CLONE_NEWUSER> was specified in I<flags>, and the call would cause the "
+"limit on the number of nested user namespaces to be exceeded. See "
+"B<user_namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:943
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1038
msgid ""
-"For a while there was B<CLONE_DETACHED> (introduced in 2.5.32): parent wants "
-"no child-exit signal. In 2.6.2 the need to give this together with "
-"B<CLONE_THREAD> disappeared. This flag is still defined, but has no effect."
+"There is no entry for B<clone>() in libc5. glibc2 provides B<clone>() as "
+"described in this manual page."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:948
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1042
msgid ""
-"On i386, B<clone>() should not be called through vsyscall, but directly "
-"through I<int $0x80>."
+"B<clone>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
+"be portable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:950
-msgid "On ia64, a different system call is used:"
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1052
+msgid ""
+"In the kernel 2.4.x series, B<CLONE_THREAD> generally does not make the "
+"parent of the new thread the same as the parent of the calling process. "
+"However, for kernel versions 2.4.7 to 2.4.18 the B<CLONE_THREAD> flag "
+"implied the B<CLONE_PARENT> flag (as in kernel 2.6)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:957
-#, no-wrap
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1062
msgid ""
-"B<int __clone2(int (*>I<fn>B<)(void *), >\n"
-"B< void *>I<child_stack_base>B<, size_t >I<stack_size>B<,>\n"
-"B< int >I<flags>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, ... >\n"
-"B< /* pid_t *>I<ptid>B<, struct user_desc *>I<tls>B<, pid_t "
-"*>I<ctid>B< */ );>\n"
+"For a while there was B<CLONE_DETACHED> (introduced in 2.5.32): parent wants "
+"no child-exit signal. In 2.6.2 the need to give this together with "
+"B<CLONE_THREAD> disappeared. This flag is still defined, but has no effect."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:970
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1067
msgid ""
-"The B<__clone2>() system call operates in the same way as B<clone>(), "
-"except that I<child_stack_base> points to the lowest address of the child's "
-"stack area, and I<stack_size> specifies the size of the stack pointed to by "
-"I<child_stack_base>."
+"On i386, B<clone>() should not be called through vsyscall, but directly "
+"through I<int $0x80>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1001
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1098
msgid ""
"Versions of the GNU C library that include the NPTL threading library "
"contain a wrapper function for B<getpid>(2) that performs caching of PIDs. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1004
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1101
#, no-wrap
msgid " #include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1006
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1103
#, no-wrap
msgid " pid_t mypid;\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1008
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1105
#, no-wrap
msgid " mypid = syscall(SYS_getpid);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1023
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1119
msgid ""
-"B<fork>(2), B<futex>(2), B<getpid>(2), B<gettid>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2), "
-"B<set_tid_address>(2), B<tkill>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<wait>(2), "
-"B<capabilities>(7), B<pthreads>(7)"
+"The following program demonstrates the use of B<clone>() to create a child "
+"process that executes in a separate UTS namespace. The child changes the "
+"hostname in its UTS namespace. Both parent and child then display the "
+"system hostname, making it possible to see that the hostname differs in the "
+"UTS namespaces of the parent and child. For an example of the use of this "
+"program, see B<setns>(2)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:30
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1119 build/C/man2/setns.2:255 build/C/man2/unshare.2:396
#, no-wrap
-msgid "SCHED_GET_PRIORITY_MAX"
+msgid "Program source"
msgstr ""
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:30 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:31
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1129
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2006-03-23"
+msgid ""
+"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
+"#include E<lt>sys/wait.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>sys/utsname.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:33
-msgid "sched_get_priority_max, sched_get_priority_min - get static priority range"
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1132 build/C/man2/setns.2:266 build/C/man2/unshare.2:415
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"#define errExit(msg) do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \\e\n"
+" } while (0)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:35 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:35 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:35
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>>"
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1137
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"static int /* Start function for cloned child */\n"
+"childFunc(void *arg)\n"
+"{\n"
+" struct utsname uts;\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:37
-msgid "B<int sched_get_priority_max(int >I<policy>B<);>"
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1139
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " /* Change hostname in UTS namespace of child */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:39
-msgid "B<int sched_get_priority_min(int >I<policy>B<);>"
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1142
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" if (sethostname(arg, strlen(arg)) == -1)\n"
+" errExit(\"sethostname\");\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:55
-msgid ""
-"B<sched_get_priority_max>() returns the maximum priority value that can be "
-"used with the scheduling algorithm identified by I<policy>. "
-"B<sched_get_priority_min>() returns the minimum priority value that can be "
-"used with the scheduling algorithm identified by I<policy>. Supported "
-"I<policy> values are B<SCHED_FIFO>, B<SCHED_RR>, B<SCHED_OTHER>, and "
-"B<SCHED_BATCH>. Further details about these policies can be found in "
-"B<sched_setscheduler>(2)."
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1144
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " /* Retrieve and display hostname */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:64
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1148
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"Processes with numerically higher priority values are scheduled before "
-"processes with numerically lower priority values. Thus, the value returned "
-"by B<sched_get_priority_max>() will be greater than the value returned by "
-"B<sched_get_priority_min>()."
+" if (uname(&uts) == -1)\n"
+" errExit(\"uname\");\n"
+" printf(\"uts.nodename in child: %s\\en\", uts.nodename);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:70
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1152
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"Linux allows the static priority value range 1 to 99 for B<SCHED_FIFO> and "
-"B<SCHED_RR> and the priority 0 for B<SCHED_OTHER> and B<SCHED_BATCH>. "
-"Scheduling priority ranges for the various policies are not alterable."
+" /* Keep the namespace open for a while, by sleeping.\n"
+" This allows some experimentation--for example, another\n"
+" process might join the namespace. */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:79
-msgid ""
-"The range of scheduling priorities may vary on other POSIX systems, thus it "
-"is a good idea for portable applications to use a virtual priority range and "
-"map it to the interval given by B<sched_get_priority_max>() and "
-"B<sched_get_priority_min>(). POSIX.1-2001 requires a spread of at least 32 "
-"between the maximum and the minimum values for B<SCHED_FIFO> and "
-"B<SCHED_RR>."
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1154
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " sleep(200);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:87
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1157
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"POSIX systems on which B<sched_get_priority_max>() and "
-"B<sched_get_priority_min>() are available define "
-"B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
+" return 0; /* Child terminates now */\n"
+"}\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:97
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1159
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "#define STACK_SIZE (1024 * 1024) /* Stack size for cloned child */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1167
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"On success, B<sched_get_priority_max>() and B<sched_get_priority_min>() "
-"return the maximum/minimum priority value for the named scheduling policy. "
-"On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
+"int\n"
+"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
+"{\n"
+" char *stack; /* Start of stack buffer */\n"
+" char *stackTop; /* End of stack buffer */\n"
+" pid_t pid;\n"
+" struct utsname uts;\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:101
-msgid "The argument I<policy> does not identify a defined scheduling policy."
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1172
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" if (argc E<lt> 2) {\n"
+" fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>child-hostnameE<gt>\\en\", "
+"argv[0]);\n"
+" exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
+" }\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:103 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:97 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:113 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:55
-msgid "POSIX.1-2001."
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1174
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " /* Allocate stack for child */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:110
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1179
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"B<sched_getaffinity>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), B<sched_getscheduler>(2), "
-"B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2)"
+" stack = malloc(STACK_SIZE);\n"
+" if (stack == NULL)\n"
+" errExit(\"malloc\");\n"
+" stackTop = stack + STACK_SIZE; /* Assume stack grows downward */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:112 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:131 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:126 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:538 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:84
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1182
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"I<Programming for the real world - POSIX.4> by Bill O. Gallmeister, O'Reilly "
-"& Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-074-0"
+" /* Create child that has its own UTS namespace;\n"
+" child commences execution in childFunc() */\n"
msgstr ""
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:24
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1187
#, no-wrap
-msgid "SCHED_GETCPU"
+msgid ""
+" pid = clone(childFunc, stackTop, CLONE_NEWUTS | SIGCHLD, argv[1]);\n"
+" if (pid == -1)\n"
+" errExit(\"clone\");\n"
+" printf(\"clone() returned %ld\\en\", (long) pid);\n"
msgstr ""
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:24
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1189
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2010-10-31"
+msgid " /* Parent falls through to here */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:27
-msgid "sched_getcpu - determine CPU on which the calling thread is running"
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1191
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " sleep(1); /* Give child time to change its hostname */\n"
msgstr ""
-#. Really:_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:32
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1194
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
-"B<#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>>\n"
+" /* Display hostname in parent\\(aqs UTS namespace. This will be\n"
+" different from hostname in child\\(aqs UTS namespace. */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:34
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1198
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<int sched_getcpu(void);>\n"
+msgid ""
+" if (uname(&uts) == -1)\n"
+" errExit(\"uname\");\n"
+" printf(\"uts.nodename in parent: %s\\en\", uts.nodename);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:38
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1202
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"B<sched_getcpu>() returns the number of the CPU on which the calling thread "
-"is currently executing."
+" if (waitpid(pid, NULL, 0) == -1) /* Wait for child */\n"
+" errExit(\"waitpid\");\n"
+" printf(\"child has terminated\\en\");\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:45
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1205
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"On success, B<sched_getcpu>() returns a nonnegative CPU number. On error, "
-"-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
+" exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
+"}\n"
msgstr ""
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:46 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:88
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ENOSYS>"
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/clone.2:1221
+msgid ""
+"B<fork>(2), B<futex>(2), B<getpid>(2), B<gettid>(2), B<kcmp>(2), "
+"B<set_thread_area>(2), B<set_tid_address>(2), B<setns>(2), B<tkill>(2), "
+"B<unshare>(2), B<wait>(2), B<capabilities>(7), B<namespaces>(7), "
+"B<pthreads>(7)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:50
-msgid "This kernel does not implement B<getcpu>(2)."
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:28
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "KCMP"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:52
-msgid "This function is available since glibc 2.6."
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:28
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2013-12-08"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:55
-msgid "B<sched_getcpu>() is glibc specific."
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:31
+msgid "kcmp - compare two processes to determine if they share a kernel resource"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:57
-msgid "The call"
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:34
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kcmp.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:61
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:37
#, no-wrap
-msgid "cpu = sched_getcpu();\n"
+msgid ""
+"B<int kcmp(pid_t >I<pid1>B<, pid_t >I<pid2>B<, int >I<type>B<,>\n"
+"B< unsigned long >I<idx1>B<, unsigned long >I<idx2>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:67
-msgid "is equivalent to the following B<getcpu>(2) call:"
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:41
+msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:73
-#, no-wrap
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:50
msgid ""
-"int c, s;\n"
-"s = getcpu(&c, NULL, NULL);\n"
-"cpu = (s == -1) ? s : c;\n"
+"The B<kcmp>() system call can be used to check whether the two processes "
+"identified by I<pid1> and I<pid2> share a kernel resource such as virtual "
+"memory, file descriptors, and so on."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:76
-msgid "B<getcpu>(2)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:30
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "SCHED_RR_GET_INTERVAL"
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:55
+msgid ""
+"The I<type> argument specifies which resource is to be compared in the two "
+"processes. It has one of the following values:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:30
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:55
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2011-10-16"
+msgid "B<KCMP_FILE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:33
-msgid "sched_rr_get_interval - get the SCHED_RR interval for the named process"
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:67
+msgid ""
+"Check whether a file descriptor I<idx1> in the process I<pid1> refers to the "
+"same open file description (see B<open>(2)) as file descriptor I<idx2> in "
+"the process I<pid2>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:37
-msgid "B<int sched_rr_get_interval(pid_t >I<pid>B<, struct timespec * >I<tp>B<);>"
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:67
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<KCMP_FILES>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:48
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:75
msgid ""
-"B<sched_rr_get_interval>() writes into the I<timespec> structure pointed to "
-"by I<tp> the round-robin time quantum for the process identified by I<pid>. "
-"The specified process should be running under the B<SCHED_RR> scheduling "
-"policy."
+"Check whether the process share the same set of open file descriptors. The "
+"arguments I<idx1> and I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:52
-msgid "The I<timespec> structure has the following form:"
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:75
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<KCMP_FS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:59
-#, no-wrap
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:84
msgid ""
-"struct timespec {\n"
-" time_t tv_sec; /* seconds */\n"
-" long tv_nsec; /* nanoseconds */\n"
-"};\n"
+"Check whether the processes share the same filesystem information (i.e., "
+"file mode creation mask, working directory, and filesystem root). The "
+"arguments I<idx1> and I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""
-#. FIXME . On Linux, sched_rr_get_interval()
-#. returns the timeslice for SCHED_OTHER processes -- this timeslice
-#. is influenced by the nice value.
-#. For SCHED_FIFO processes, this always returns 0.
-#
-#. The round-robin time quantum value is not alterable under Linux
-#. 1.3.81.
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:74
-msgid ""
-"If I<pid> is zero, the time quantum for the calling process is written into "
-"I<*tp>."
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:84
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<KCMP_IO>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:81
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:92
msgid ""
-"On success, B<sched_rr_get_interval>() returns 0. On error, -1 is "
-"returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
+"Check whether the processes share I/O context. The arguments I<idx1> and "
+"I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:82 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:118
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:92
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EFAULT>"
+msgid "B<KCMP_SIGHAND>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:85
-msgid "Problem with copying information to userspace."
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:100
+msgid ""
+"Check whether the processes share the same table of signal dispositions. "
+"The arguments I<idx1> and I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:88
-msgid "Invalid pid."
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:100
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<KCMP_SYSVSEM>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:91
-msgid "The system call is not yet implemented (only on rather old kernels)."
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:109
+msgid ""
+"Check whether the processes share the same list of System\\ V semaphore undo "
+"operations. The arguments I<idx1> and I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:91 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:146 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:108 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:442
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:109
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<ESRCH>"
+msgid "B<KCMP_VM>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:95
-msgid "Could not find a process with the ID I<pid>."
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:117
+msgid ""
+"Check whether the processes share the same address space. The arguments "
+"I<idx1> and I<idx2> are ignored."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:104
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:127
msgid ""
-"POSIX systems on which B<sched_rr_get_interval>() is available define "
-"B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:104
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Linux Notes"
+"Note the B<kcmp>() is not protected against false positives which may occur "
+"if tasks are running. One should stop tasks by sending B<SIGSTOP> (see "
+"B<signal>(7)) prior to inspection with this system call to obtain "
+"meaningful results."
msgstr ""
-#. commit a4ec24b48ddef1e93f7578be53270f0b95ad666c
-#. .SH BUGS
-#. As of Linux 1.3.81
-#. .BR sched_rr_get_interval ()
-#. returns with error
-#. ENOSYS, because SCHED_RR has not yet been fully implemented and tested
-#. properly.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:126
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:133
msgid ""
-"POSIX does not specify any mechanism for controlling the size of the "
-"round-robin time quantum. Older Linux kernels provide a (nonportable) "
-"method of doing this. The quantum can be controlled by adjusting the "
-"process's nice value (see B<setpriority>(2)). Assigning a negative (i.e., "
-"high) nice value results in a longer quantum; assigning a positive (i.e., "
-"low) nice value results in a shorter quantum. The default quantum is 0.1 "
-"seconds; the degree to which changing the nice value affects the quantum has "
-"varied somewhat across kernel versions. Since Linux 2.6.24, the B<SCHED_RR> "
-"quantum cannot be modified."
+"The return value of a successful call to B<kcmp>() is simply the result of "
+"arithmetic comparison of kernel pointers (when the kernel compares "
+"resources, it uses their memory addresses)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:129 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:178
-msgid "B<sched_setscheduler>(2) has a description of the Linux scheduling scheme."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:35
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "SCHED_SETAFFINITY"
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:141
+msgid ""
+"The easiest way to explain is to consider an example. Suppose that I<v1> "
+"and I<v2> are the addresses of appropriate resources, then the return value "
+"is one of the following:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:35
+#. type: IP
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:142
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2010-11-06"
+msgid "0"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:39
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:147
msgid ""
-"sched_setaffinity, sched_getaffinity - set and get a process's CPU affinity "
-"mask"
+"I<v1> is equal to I<v2>; in other words, the two processes share the "
+"resource."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:46
+#. type: IP
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:147
#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<int sched_setaffinity(pid_t >I<pid>B<, size_t >I<cpusetsize>B<,>\n"
-"B< cpu_set_t *>I<mask>B<);>\n"
+msgid "1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:49
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"B<int sched_getaffinity(pid_t >I<pid>B<, size_t >I<cpusetsize>B<,>\n"
-"B< cpu_set_t *>I<mask>B<);>\n"
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:151
+msgid "I<v1> is less than I<v2>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:64
-msgid ""
-"A process's CPU affinity mask determines the set of CPUs on which it is "
-"eligible to run. On a multiprocessor system, setting the CPU affinity mask "
-"can be used to obtain performance benefits. For example, by dedicating one "
-"CPU to a particular process (i.e., setting the affinity mask of that process "
-"to specify a single CPU, and setting the affinity mask of all other "
-"processes to exclude that CPU), it is possible to ensure maximum execution "
-"speed for that process. Restricting a process to run on a single CPU also "
-"avoids the performance cost caused by the cache invalidation that occurs "
-"when a process ceases to execute on one CPU and then recommences execution "
-"on a different CPU."
+#. type: IP
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:151
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:71
-msgid ""
-"A CPU affinity mask is represented by the I<cpu_set_t> structure, a \"CPU "
-"set\", pointed to by I<mask>. A set of macros for manipulating CPU sets is "
-"described in B<CPU_SET>(3)."
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:155
+msgid "I<v1> is greater than I<v2>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:86
-msgid ""
-"B<sched_setaffinity>() sets the CPU affinity mask of the process whose ID "
-"is I<pid> to the value specified by I<mask>. If I<pid> is zero, then the "
-"calling process is used. The argument I<cpusetsize> is the length (in "
-"bytes) of the data pointed to by I<mask>. Normally this argument would be "
-"specified as I<sizeof(cpu_set_t)>."
+#. type: IP
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:155
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:93
-msgid ""
-"If the process specified by I<pid> is not currently running on one of the "
-"CPUs specified in I<mask>, then that process is migrated to one of the CPUs "
-"specified in I<mask>."
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:160
+msgid "I<v1> is not equal to I<v2>, but ordering information is unavailable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:108
-msgid ""
-"B<sched_getaffinity>() writes the affinity mask of the process whose ID is "
-"I<pid> into the I<cpu_set_t> structure pointed to by I<mask>. The "
-"I<cpusetsize> argument specifies the size (in bytes) of I<mask>. If I<pid> "
-"is zero, then the mask of the calling process is returned."
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:165
+msgid "On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:117
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:170
msgid ""
-"On success, B<sched_setaffinity>() and B<sched_getaffinity>() return 0. "
-"On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
+"B<kcmp>() was designed to return values suitable for sorting. This is "
+"particularly handy if one needs to compare a large number of file "
+"descriptors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:121
-msgid "A supplied memory address was invalid."
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:171 build/C/man2/setns.2:146
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<EBADF>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:129
-msgid ""
-"The affinity bit mask I<mask> contains no processors that are currently "
-"physically on the system and permitted to the process according to any "
-"restrictions that may be imposed by the \"cpuset\" mechanism described in "
-"B<cpuset>(7)."
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:181
+msgid "I<type> is B<KCMP_FILE> and I<fd1> or I<fd2> is not an open file descriptor."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:136
-msgid ""
-"(B<sched_getaffinity>() and, in kernels before 2.6.9, "
-"B<sched_setaffinity>()) I<cpusetsize> is smaller than the size of the "
-"affinity mask used by the kernel."
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:185
+msgid "I<type> is invalid."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:146
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:191
msgid ""
-"(B<sched_setaffinity>()) The calling process does not have appropriate "
-"privileges. The caller needs an effective user ID equal to the real user ID "
-"or effective user ID of the process identified by I<pid>, or it must possess "
-"the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability."
+"Insufficient permission to inspect process resources. The B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE> "
+"capability is required to inspect processes that you do not own."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:149 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:111 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:445
-msgid "The process whose ID is I<pid> could not be found."
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:191 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:90 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:145 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:284 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:116 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:167
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<ESRCH>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:160
-msgid ""
-"The CPU affinity system calls were introduced in Linux kernel 2.5.8. The "
-"system call wrappers were introduced in glibc 2.3. Initially, the glibc "
-"interfaces included a I<cpusetsize> argument, typed as I<unsigned int>. In "
-"glibc 2.3.3, the I<cpusetsize> argument was removed, but was then restored "
-"in glibc 2.3.4, with type I<size_t>."
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:198
+msgid "Process I<pid1> or I<pid2> does not exist."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:162
-msgid "These system calls are Linux-specific."
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:202
+msgid "The B<kcmp>() system call first appeared in Linux 3.5."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:175
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:205
msgid ""
-"After a call to B<sched_setaffinity>(), the set of CPUs on which the process "
-"will actually run is the intersection of the set specified in the I<mask> "
-"argument and the set of CPUs actually present on the system. The system may "
-"further restrict the set of CPUs on which the process runs if the \"cpuset\" "
-"mechanism described in B<cpuset>(7) is being used. These restrictions on "
-"the actual set of CPUs on which the process will run are silently imposed by "
-"the kernel."
+"B<kcmp>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
+"be portable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:195
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:208
msgid ""
-"The affinity mask is actually a per-thread attribute that can be adjusted "
-"independently for each of the threads in a thread group. The value returned "
-"from a call to B<gettid>(2) can be passed in the argument I<pid>. "
-"Specifying I<pid> as 0 will set the attribute for the calling thread, and "
-"passing the value returned from a call to B<getpid>(2) will set the "
-"attribute for the main thread of the thread group. (If you are using the "
-"POSIX threads API, then use B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3) instead of "
-"B<sched_setaffinity>().)"
+"Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
+"B<syscall>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:201
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:217
msgid ""
-"A child created via B<fork>(2) inherits its parent's CPU affinity mask. "
-"The affinity mask is preserved across an B<execve>(2)."
+"This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with "
+"B<CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE>. The main use of the system call is for the "
+"checkpoint/restore in user space (CRIU) feature. The alternative to this "
+"system call would have been to expose suitable process information via the "
+"B<proc>(5) filesystem; this was deemed to be unsuitable for security "
+"reasons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:215
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:222
msgid ""
-"This manual page describes the glibc interface for the CPU affinity calls. "
-"The actual system call interface is slightly different, with the I<mask> "
-"being typed as I<unsigned long *>, reflecting the fact that the underlying "
-"implementation of CPU sets is a simple bit mask. On success, the raw "
-"B<sched_getaffinity>() system call returns the size (in bytes) of the "
-"I<cpumask_t> data type that is used internally by the kernel to represent "
-"the CPU set bit mask."
+"See B<clone>(2) for some background information on the shared resources "
+"referred to on this page."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:230
-msgid ""
-"B<clone>(2), B<getcpu>(2), B<getpriority>(2), B<gettid>(2), B<nice>(2), "
-"B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), "
-"B<sched_getscheduler>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<setpriority>(2), "
-"B<CPU_SET>(3), B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3), B<sched_getcpu>(3), "
-"B<capabilities>(7), B<cpuset>(7)"
+#: build/C/man2/kcmp.2:225
+msgid "B<clone>(2), B<unshare>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:31
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:29
#, no-wrap
-msgid "SCHED_SETPARAM"
+msgid "SCHED_GET_PRIORITY_MAX"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:34
-msgid "sched_setparam, sched_getparam - set and get scheduling parameters"
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:29
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2014-05-12"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:37 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:54
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:32
+msgid "sched_get_priority_max, sched_get_priority_min - get static priority range"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:34 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:34 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:34
+msgid "B<#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:36
+msgid "B<int sched_get_priority_max(int >I<policy>B<);>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:38
+msgid "B<int sched_get_priority_min(int >I<policy>B<);>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:59
+msgid ""
+"B<sched_get_priority_max>() returns the maximum priority value that can be "
+"used with the scheduling algorithm identified by I<policy>. "
+"B<sched_get_priority_min>() returns the minimum priority value that can be "
+"used with the scheduling algorithm identified by I<policy>. Supported "
+"I<policy> values are B<SCHED_FIFO>, B<SCHED_RR>, B<SCHED_OTHER>, "
+"B<SCHED_BATCH>, B<SCHED_IDLE>, and B<SCHED_DEADLINE>. Further details about "
+"these policies can be found in B<sched>(7)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:68
+msgid ""
+"Processes with numerically higher priority values are scheduled before "
+"processes with numerically lower priority values. Thus, the value returned "
+"by B<sched_get_priority_max>() will be greater than the value returned by "
+"B<sched_get_priority_min>()."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:76
+msgid ""
+"Linux allows the static priority range 1 to 99 for the B<SCHED_FIFO> and "
+"B<SCHED_RR> policies, and the priority 0 for the remaining policies. "
+"Scheduling priority ranges for the various policies are not alterable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:88
+msgid ""
+"The range of scheduling priorities may vary on other POSIX systems, thus it "
+"is a good idea for portable applications to use a virtual priority range and "
+"map it to the interval given by B<sched_get_priority_max>() and "
+"B<sched_get_priority_min>(). POSIX.1-2001 requires a spread of at least 32 "
+"between the maximum and the minimum values for B<SCHED_FIFO> and "
+"B<SCHED_RR>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:97
+msgid ""
+"POSIX systems on which B<sched_get_priority_max>() and "
+"B<sched_get_priority_min>() are available define "
+"B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:107
+msgid ""
+"On success, B<sched_get_priority_max>() and B<sched_get_priority_min>() "
+"return the maximum/minimum priority value for the named scheduling policy. "
+"On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:113
+msgid "The argument I<policy> does not identify a defined scheduling policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:115 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:96 build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:121 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:54
+msgid "POSIX.1-2001."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_get_priority_max.2:125
+msgid ""
+"B<sched_getaffinity>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), B<sched_getscheduler>(2), "
+"B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2), "
+"B<sched>(7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:26
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "SCHED_GETCPU"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:26
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2014-05-10"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:29
+msgid "sched_getcpu - determine CPU on which the calling thread is running"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:34
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<int sched_getcpu(void);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:39 build/C/man2/unshare.2:33
+msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:42
+msgid "B<sched_getcpu>():"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:58
+msgid ""
+"B<sched_getcpu>() returns the number of the CPU on which the calling thread "
+"is currently executing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:65
+msgid ""
+"On success, B<sched_getcpu>() returns a nonnegative CPU number. On error, "
+"-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:66 build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:87
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<ENOSYS>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:70
+msgid "This kernel does not implement B<getcpu>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:72
+msgid "This function is available since glibc 2.6."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:72
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "ATTRIBUTES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:73
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Multithreading (see pthreads(7))"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:77
+msgid "The B<sched_getcpu>() function is thread-safe."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:80
+msgid "B<sched_getcpu>() is glibc-specific."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:82
+msgid "The call"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:86
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "cpu = sched_getcpu();\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:92
+msgid "is equivalent to the following B<getcpu>(2) call:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:98
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"int c, s;\n"
+"s = getcpu(&c, NULL, NULL);\n"
+"cpu = (s == -1) ? s : c;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man3/sched_getcpu.3:103
+msgid "B<getcpu>(2), B<sched>(7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:29
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "SCHED_RR_GET_INTERVAL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:29 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:29
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2014-04-28"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:32
+msgid "sched_rr_get_interval - get the SCHED_RR interval for the named process"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:36
+msgid "B<int sched_rr_get_interval(pid_t >I<pid>B<, struct timespec * >I<tp>B<);>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:47
+msgid ""
+"B<sched_rr_get_interval>() writes into the I<timespec> structure pointed to "
+"by I<tp> the round-robin time quantum for the process identified by I<pid>. "
+"The specified process should be running under the B<SCHED_RR> scheduling "
+"policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:51
+msgid "The I<timespec> structure has the following form:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:58
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct timespec {\n"
+" time_t tv_sec; /* seconds */\n"
+" long tv_nsec; /* nanoseconds */\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. FIXME . On Linux, sched_rr_get_interval()
+#. returns the timeslice for SCHED_OTHER processes -- this timeslice
+#. is influenced by the nice value.
+#. For SCHED_FIFO processes, this always returns 0.
+#
+#. The round-robin time quantum value is not alterable under Linux
+#. 1.3.81.
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:73
+msgid ""
+"If I<pid> is zero, the time quantum for the calling process is written into "
+"I<*tp>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:80
+msgid ""
+"On success, B<sched_rr_get_interval>() returns 0. On error, -1 is "
+"returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:81 build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:117
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<EFAULT>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:84
+msgid "Problem with copying information to user space."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:87
+msgid "Invalid pid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:90
+msgid "The system call is not yet implemented (only on rather old kernels)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:94
+msgid "Could not find a process with the ID I<pid>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:103
+msgid ""
+"POSIX systems on which B<sched_rr_get_interval>() is available define "
+"B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:103
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Linux notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. commit a4ec24b48ddef1e93f7578be53270f0b95ad666c
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:117
+msgid ""
+"POSIX does not specify any mechanism for controlling the size of the "
+"round-robin time quantum. Older Linux kernels provide a (nonportable) "
+"method of doing this. The quantum can be controlled by adjusting the "
+"process's nice value (see B<setpriority>(2)). Assigning a negative (i.e., "
+"high) nice value results in a longer quantum; assigning a positive (i.e., "
+"low) nice value results in a shorter quantum. The default quantum is 0.1 "
+"seconds; the degree to which changing the nice value affects the quantum has "
+"varied somewhat across kernel versions. This method of adjusting the "
+"quantum was removed starting with Linux 2.6.24."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. commit ce0dbbbb30aee6a835511d5be446462388ba9eee
+#. .SH BUGS
+#. As of Linux 1.3.81
+#. .BR sched_rr_get_interval ()
+#. returns with error
+#. ENOSYS, because SCHED_RR has not yet been fully implemented and tested
+#. properly.
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:132
+msgid ""
+"Linux 3.9 added a new mechanism for adjusting (and viewing) the B<SCHED_RR> "
+"quantum: the I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms> file exposes the "
+"quantum as a millisecond value, whose default is 100. Writing 0 to this "
+"file resets the quantum to the default value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_rr_get_interval.2:134 build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:81
+msgid "B<sched>(7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:34
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "SCHED_SETAFFINITY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:34
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2014-12-31"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:38
+msgid ""
+"sched_setaffinity, sched_getaffinity - set and get a thread's CPU affinity "
+"mask"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:45
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<int sched_setaffinity(pid_t >I<pid>B<, size_t >I<cpusetsize>B<,>\n"
+"B< const cpu_set_t *>I<mask>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:48
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<int sched_getaffinity(pid_t >I<pid>B<, size_t >I<cpusetsize>B<,>\n"
+"B< cpu_set_t *>I<mask>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:63
+msgid ""
+"A thread's CPU affinity mask determines the set of CPUs on which it is "
+"eligible to run. On a multiprocessor system, setting the CPU affinity mask "
+"can be used to obtain performance benefits. For example, by dedicating one "
+"CPU to a particular thread (i.e., setting the affinity mask of that thread "
+"to specify a single CPU, and setting the affinity mask of all other threads "
+"to exclude that CPU), it is possible to ensure maximum execution speed for "
+"that thread. Restricting a thread to run on a single CPU also avoids the "
+"performance cost caused by the cache invalidation that occurs when a thread "
+"ceases to execute on one CPU and then recommences execution on a different "
+"CPU."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:70
+msgid ""
+"A CPU affinity mask is represented by the I<cpu_set_t> structure, a \"CPU "
+"set\", pointed to by I<mask>. A set of macros for manipulating CPU sets is "
+"described in B<CPU_SET>(3)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:85
+msgid ""
+"B<sched_setaffinity>() sets the CPU affinity mask of the thread whose ID is "
+"I<pid> to the value specified by I<mask>. If I<pid> is zero, then the "
+"calling thread is used. The argument I<cpusetsize> is the length (in bytes) "
+"of the data pointed to by I<mask>. Normally this argument would be "
+"specified as I<sizeof(cpu_set_t)>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:92
+msgid ""
+"If the thread specified by I<pid> is not currently running on one of the "
+"CPUs specified in I<mask>, then that thread is migrated to one of the CPUs "
+"specified in I<mask>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:107
+msgid ""
+"B<sched_getaffinity>() writes the affinity mask of the thread whose ID is "
+"I<pid> into the I<cpu_set_t> structure pointed to by I<mask>. The "
+"I<cpusetsize> argument specifies the size (in bytes) of I<mask>. If I<pid> "
+"is zero, then the mask of the calling thread is returned."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:116
+msgid ""
+"On success, B<sched_setaffinity>() and B<sched_getaffinity>() return 0. "
+"On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:120
+msgid "A supplied memory address was invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:128
+msgid ""
+"The affinity bit mask I<mask> contains no processors that are currently "
+"physically on the system and permitted to the thread according to any "
+"restrictions that may be imposed by the \"cpuset\" mechanism described in "
+"B<cpuset>(7)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:135
+msgid ""
+"(B<sched_getaffinity>() and, in kernels before 2.6.9, "
+"B<sched_setaffinity>()) I<cpusetsize> is smaller than the size of the "
+"affinity mask used by the kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:145
+msgid ""
+"(B<sched_setaffinity>()) The calling thread does not have appropriate "
+"privileges. The caller needs an effective user ID equal to the real user ID "
+"or effective user ID of the thread identified by I<pid>, or it must possess "
+"the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:148 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:289 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:170
+msgid "The thread whose ID is I<pid> could not be found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:159
+msgid ""
+"The CPU affinity system calls were introduced in Linux kernel 2.5.8. The "
+"system call wrappers were introduced in glibc 2.3. Initially, the glibc "
+"interfaces included a I<cpusetsize> argument, typed as I<unsigned int>. In "
+"glibc 2.3.3, the I<cpusetsize> argument was removed, but was then restored "
+"in glibc 2.3.4, with type I<size_t>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:161
+msgid "These system calls are Linux-specific."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:174
+msgid ""
+"After a call to B<sched_setaffinity>(), the set of CPUs on which the thread "
+"will actually run is the intersection of the set specified in the I<mask> "
+"argument and the set of CPUs actually present on the system. The system may "
+"further restrict the set of CPUs on which the thread runs if the \"cpuset\" "
+"mechanism described in B<cpuset>(7) is being used. These restrictions on "
+"the actual set of CPUs on which the thread will run are silently imposed by "
+"the kernel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:186
+msgid ""
+"There are various ways of determining the number of CPUs available on the "
+"system, including: inspecting the contents of I</proc/cpuinfo>; using "
+"B<syconf>(3) to obtain the values of the B<_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF> and "
+"B<_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN> parameters; and inspecting the list CPU directories "
+"under I</sys/devices/system/cpu/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:189
+msgid "B<sched>(7) has a description of the Linux scheduling scheme."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:206
+msgid ""
+"The affinity mask is a per-thread attribute that can be adjusted "
+"independently for each of the threads in a thread group. The value returned "
+"from a call to B<gettid>(2) can be passed in the argument I<pid>. "
+"Specifying I<pid> as 0 will set the attribute for the calling thread, and "
+"passing the value returned from a call to B<getpid>(2) will set the "
+"attribute for the main thread of the thread group. (If you are using the "
+"POSIX threads API, then use B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3) instead of "
+"B<sched_setaffinity>().)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:212
+msgid ""
+"A child created via B<fork>(2) inherits its parent's CPU affinity mask. "
+"The affinity mask is preserved across an B<execve>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:226
+msgid ""
+"This manual page describes the glibc interface for the CPU affinity calls. "
+"The actual system call interface is slightly different, with the I<mask> "
+"being typed as I<unsigned long\\ *>, reflecting the fact that the underlying "
+"implementation of CPU sets is a simple bit mask. On success, the raw "
+"B<sched_getaffinity>() system call returns the size (in bytes) of the "
+"I<cpumask_t> data type that is used internally by the kernel to represent "
+"the CPU set bit mask."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setaffinity.2:248
+msgid ""
+"B<lscpu>(1), B<nproc>(1), B<taskset>(1), B<clone>(2), B<getcpu>(2), "
+"B<getpriority>(2), B<gettid>(2), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), "
+"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getscheduler>(2), "
+"B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<setpriority>(2), B<CPU_SET>(3), "
+"B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3), B<sched_getcpu>(3), B<capabilities>(7), "
+"B<cpuset>(7), B<sched>(7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:26
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "SCHED_SETATTR"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:26 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:26 build/C/man7/sched.7:32
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2014-10-02"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:30
+msgid "sched_setattr, sched_getattr - set and get scheduling policy and attributes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:36
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<int sched_setattr(pid_t >I<pid>B<, const struct sched_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
+"B< unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:39
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"B<int sched_getattr(pid_t >I<pid>B<, const struct sched_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
+"B< unsigned int >I<size>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:42
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "sched_setattr()"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:52
+msgid ""
+"The B<sched_setattr>() system call sets the scheduling policy and "
+"associated attributes for the thread whose ID is specified in I<pid>. If "
+"I<pid> equals zero, the scheduling policy and attributes of the calling "
+"thread will be set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:56 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:73
+msgid ""
+"Currently, Linux supports the following \"normal\" (i.e., non-real-time) "
+"scheduling policies as values that may be specified in I<policy>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:56 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:73
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<SCHED_OTHER>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. In the 2.6 kernel sources, SCHED_OTHER is actually called
+#. SCHED_NORMAL.
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:61 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:78
+msgid "the standard round-robin time-sharing policy;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:61 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:78
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<SCHED_BATCH>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:64 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:81
+msgid "for \"batch\" style execution of processes; and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:64 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:81
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<SCHED_IDLE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:69 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:86
+msgid "for running I<very> low priority background jobs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:78 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:99
+msgid ""
+"Various \"real-time\" policies are also supported, for special time-critical "
+"applications that need precise control over the way in which runnable "
+"threads are selected for execution. For the rules governing when a process "
+"may use these policies, see B<sched>(7). The real-time policies that may be "
+"specified in I<policy> are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:78 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:99
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<SCHED_FIFO>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:81 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:102
+msgid "a first-in, first-out policy; and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:81 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:102
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<SCHED_RR>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:84 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:105
+msgid "a round-robin policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:86
+msgid "Linux also provides the following policy:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:86
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<SCHED_DEADLINE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:91
+msgid "a deadline scheduling policy; see B<sched>(7) for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:97
+msgid ""
+"The I<attr> argument is a pointer to a structure that defines the new "
+"scheduling policy and attributes for the specified thread. This structure "
+"has the following form:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:113
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct sched_attr {\n"
+" u32 size; /* Size of this structure */\n"
+" u32 sched_policy; /* Policy (SCHED_*) */\n"
+" u64 sched_flags; /* Flags */\n"
+" s32 sched_nice; /* Nice value (SCHED_OTHER,\n"
+" SCHED_BATCH) */\n"
+" u32 sched_priority; /* Static priority (SCHED_FIFO,\n"
+" SCHED_RR) */\n"
+" /* Remaining fields are for SCHED_DEADLINE */\n"
+" u64 sched_runtime;\n"
+" u64 sched_deadline;\n"
+" u64 sched_period;\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:117
+msgid "The fields of this structure are as follows:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:117
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<size>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:132
+msgid ""
+"This field should be set to the size of the structure in bytes, as in "
+"I<sizeof(struct sched_attr)>. If the provided structure is smaller than the "
+"kernel structure, any additional fields are assumed to be '0'. If the "
+"provided structure is larger than the kernel structure, the kernel verifies "
+"that all additional fields are 0; if they are not, B<sched_setattr>() fails "
+"with the error B<E2BIG> and updates I<size> to contain the size of the "
+"kernel structure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:146
+msgid ""
+"The above behavior when the size of the user-space I<sched_attr> structure "
+"does not match the size of the kernel structure allows for future "
+"extensibility of the interface. Malformed applications that pass oversize "
+"structures won't break in the future if the size of the kernel I<sched_attr> "
+"structure is increased. In the future, it could also allow applications "
+"that know about a larger user-space I<sched_attr> structure to determine "
+"whether they are running on an older kernel that does not support the larger "
+"structure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:146
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sched_policy>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:151
+msgid ""
+"This field specifies the scheduling policy, as one of the B<SCHED_*> values "
+"listed above."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:151
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sched_flags>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:162
+msgid ""
+"This field contains flags controlling scheduling behavior. Only one such "
+"flag is currently defined: B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK>. As a result of "
+"including this flag, children created by B<fork>(2) do not inherit "
+"privileged scheduling policies. See B<sched>(7) for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:162
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sched_nice>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:173
+msgid ""
+"This field specifies the nice value to be set when specifying "
+"I<sched_policy> as B<SCHED_OTHER> or B<SCHED_BATCH>. The nice value is a "
+"number in the range -20 (high priority) to +19 (low priority); see "
+"B<setpriority>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:173
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sched_priority>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:186
+msgid ""
+"This field specifies the static priority to be set when specifying "
+"I<sched_policy> as B<SCHED_FIFO> or B<SCHED_RR>. The allowed range of "
+"priorities for these policies can be determined using "
+"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2) and B<sched_get_priority_max>(2). For other "
+"policies, this field must be specified as 0."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:186
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sched_runtime>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:195
+msgid ""
+"This field specifies the \"Runtime\" parameter for deadline scheduling. The "
+"value is expressed in nanoseconds. This field, and the next two fields, are "
+"used only for B<SCHED_DEADLINE> scheduling; for further details, see "
+"B<sched>(7)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:195
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sched_deadline>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:199
+msgid ""
+"This field specifies the \"Deadline\" parameter for deadline scheduling. "
+"The value is expressed in nanoseconds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:199
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<sched_period>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:203
+msgid ""
+"This field specifies the \"Period\" parameter for deadline scheduling. The "
+"value is expressed in nanoseconds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:210 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:262
+msgid ""
+"The I<flags> argument is provided to allow for future extensions to the "
+"interface; in the current implementation it must be specified as 0."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:210
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "sched_getattr()"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:221
+msgid ""
+"The B<sched_getattr>() system call fetches the scheduling policy and the "
+"associated attributes for the thread whose ID is specified in I<pid>. If "
+"I<pid> equals zero, the scheduling policy and attributes of the calling "
+"thread will be retrieved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:231
+msgid ""
+"The I<size> argument should be set to the size of the I<sched_attr> "
+"structure as known to user space. The value must be at least as large as "
+"the size of the initially published I<sched_attr> structure, or the call "
+"fails with the error B<EINVAL>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:241
+msgid ""
+"The retrieved scheduling attributes are placed in the fields of the "
+"I<sched_attr> structure pointed to by I<attr>. The kernel sets I<attr.size> "
+"to the size of its I<sched_attr> structure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:257
+msgid ""
+"If the caller-provided I<attr> buffer is larger than the kernel's "
+"I<sched_attr> structure, the additional bytes in the user-space structure "
+"are not touched. If the caller-provided structure is smaller than the "
+"kernel I<sched_attr> structure and the kernel needs to return values outside "
+"the provided space, B<sched_getattr>() fails with the error B<E2BIG>. As "
+"with B<sched_setattr>(), these semantics allow for future extensibility of "
+"the interface."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:271
+msgid ""
+"On success, B<sched_setattr>() and B<sched_getattr>() return 0. On error, "
+"-1 is returned, and I<errno> is set to indicate the cause of the error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:276
+msgid ""
+"B<sched_getattr>() and B<sched_setattr>() can both fail for the following "
+"reasons:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:284
+msgid "I<attr> is NULL; or I<pid> is negative; or I<flags> is not zero."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:293
+msgid "In addition, B<sched_getattr>() can fail for the following reasons:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:293 build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:310
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<E2BIG>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:300
+msgid "The buffer specified by I<size> and I<attr> is too small."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:306
+msgid ""
+"I<size> is invalid; that is, it is smaller than the initial version of the "
+"I<sched_attr> structure (48 bytes) or larger than the system page size."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:310
+msgid "In addition, B<sched_setattr>() can fail for the following reasons:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:318
+msgid ""
+"The buffer specified by I<size> and I<attr> is larger than the kernel "
+"structure, and one or more of the excess bytes is nonzero."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:318
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>>\n"
+msgid "B<EBUSY>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:323
+msgid "B<SCHED_DEADLINE> admission control failure, see B<sched>(7)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:339
+msgid ""
+"I<attr.sched_policy> is not one of the recognized policies; "
+"I<attr.sched_flags> contains a flag other than B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK>; "
+"or I<attr.sched_priority> is invalid; or I<attr.sched_policy> is "
+"B<SCHED_DEADLINE> and the deadline scheduling parameters in I<attr> are "
+"invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:342
+msgid "The caller does not have appropriate privileges."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:348
+msgid ""
+"The caller's CPU affinity mask does not include all CPUs in the system (see "
+"B<sched_setaffinity>(2))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. FIXME . Add glibc version
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:351
+msgid "These system calls first appeared in Linux 3.14."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:353
+msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:369
+msgid ""
+"B<sched_setattr>() provides a superset of the functionality of "
+"B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), B<nice>(2), and (other than "
+"the ability to set the priority of all processes belonging to a specified "
+"user or all processes in a specified group) B<setpriority>(2). "
+"Analogously, B<sched_getattr>() provides a superset of the functionality of "
+"B<sched_getscheduler>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), and (partially) "
+"B<getpriority>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. FIXME . patch sent to Peter Zijlstra
+#. In Linux versions up to up 3.15,
+#. FIXME . patch from Peter Zijlstra pending
+#. .BR sched_setattr ()
+#. allowed a negative
+#. .I attr.sched_policy
+#. value.
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:385
+msgid ""
+"In Linux versions up to 3.15, B<sched_settattr>() failed with the error "
+"B<EFAULT> instead of B<E2BIG> for the case described in ERRORS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setattr.2:407
+msgid ""
+"B<chrt>(1), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), "
+"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getaffinity>(2), "
+"B<sched_getscheduler>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2), "
+"B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), "
+"B<sched_yield>(2), B<setpriority>(2), B<pthread_getschedparam>(3), "
+"B<pthread_setschedparam>(3), B<pthread_setschedprio>(3), B<capabilities>(7), "
+"B<cpuset>(7), B<sched>(7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:30
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "SCHED_SETPARAM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:30
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2014-05-11"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:33
+msgid "sched_setparam, sched_getparam - set and get scheduling parameters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:39
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:38
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<int sched_setparam(pid_t >I<pid>B<, const struct sched_param "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:41
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:40
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int sched_getparam(pid_t >I<pid>B<, struct sched_param *>I<param>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:47 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:66
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:46
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<struct sched_param {\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:61
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:60
msgid ""
"B<sched_setparam>() sets the scheduling parameters associated with the "
"scheduling policy for the process identified by I<pid>. If I<pid> is zero, "
"then the parameters of the calling process are set. The interpretation of "
"the argument I<param> depends on the scheduling policy of the process "
-"identified by I<pid>. See B<sched_setscheduler>(2) for a description of "
-"the scheduling policies supported under Linux."
+"identified by I<pid>. See B<sched>(7) for a description of the scheduling "
+"policies supported under Linux."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:67
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:66
msgid ""
"B<sched_getparam>() retrieves the scheduling parameters for the process "
"identified by I<pid>. If I<pid> is zero, then the parameters of the calling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:76
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:75
msgid ""
"B<sched_setparam>() checks the validity of I<param> for the scheduling "
-"policy of the
process. The value I<param-E<gt>sched_priority> must lie "
+"policy of the
thread. The value I<param-E<gt>sched_priority> must lie "
"within the range given by B<sched_get_priority_min>(2) and "
"B<sched_get_priority_max>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:80
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:79
msgid ""
"For a discussion of the privileges and resource limits related to scheduling "
-"priority and policy, see B<sched_setscheduler>(2)."
+"priority and policy, see B<sched>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:88
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:87
msgid ""
"POSIX systems on which B<sched_setparam>() and B<sched_getparam>() are "
"available define B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:97
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:96
msgid ""
"On success, B<sched_setparam>() and B<sched_getparam>() return 0. On "
"error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:102
-msgid "The argument I<param> does not make sense for the current scheduling policy."
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:104
+msgid "Invalid arguments: I<param> is NULL or I<pid> is negative"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:109
+msgid ""
+"(B<sched_setparam>()) The argument I<param> does not make sense for the "
+"current scheduling policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:116
+msgid ""
+"(B<sched_setparam>()) The calling process does not have appropriate "
+"privileges (Linux: does not have the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:119
+msgid "The process whose ID is I<pid> could not be found."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:108
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:127
msgid ""
-"The calling process does not have appropriate privileges (Linux: does not "
-"have the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability)."
+"Scheduling parameters are in fact per-thread attributes on Linux; see "
+"B<sched>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:124
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setparam.2:142
msgid ""
"B<getpriority>(2), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), "
"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getaffinity>(2), "
"B<sched_getscheduler>(2), B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2), "
-"B<setpriority>(2), B<capabilities>(7)"
+"B<sched_setattr>(2), B<setpriority>(2), B<capabilities>(7), B<sched>(7)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:47
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_SETSCHEDULER"
msgstr ""
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:30
+msgid ""
+"sched_setscheduler, sched_getscheduler - set and get scheduling "
+"policy/parameters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:35
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<int sched_setscheduler(pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<policy>B<,>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:37
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B< const struct sched_param *>I<param>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:39
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<int sched_getscheduler(pid_t >I<pid>B<);>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:49
+msgid ""
+"The B<sched_setscheduler>() system call sets both the scheduling policy and "
+"parameters for the thread whose ID is specified in I<pid>. If I<pid> equals "
+"zero, the scheduling policy and parameters of the calling thread will be "
+"set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:53
+msgid ""
+"The scheduling parameters are specified in the I<param> argument, which is a "
+"pointer to a structure of the following form:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:61
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"struct sched_param {\n"
+" ...\n"
+" int sched_priority;\n"
+" ...\n"
+"};\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:69
+msgid ""
+"In the current implementation, the structure contains only one field, "
+"I<sched_priority>. The interpretation of I<param> depends on the selected "
+"policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:90
+msgid "For each of the above policies, I<param-E<gt>sched_priority> must be 0."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:116
+msgid ""
+"For each of the above policies, I<param-E<gt>sched_priority> specifies a "
+"scheduling priority for the thread. This is a number in the range returned "
+"by calling B<sched_get_priority_min>(2) and B<sched_get_priority_max>(2) "
+"with the specified I<policy>. On Linux, these system calls return, "
+"respectively, 1 and 99."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:129
+msgid ""
+"Since Linux 2.6.32, the B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> flag can be ORed in I<policy> "
+"when calling B<sched_setscheduler>(). As a result of including this flag, "
+"children created by B<fork>(2) do not inherit privileged scheduling "
+"policies. See B<sched>(7) for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:135
+msgid ""
+"B<sched_getscheduler>() returns the current scheduling policy of the thread "
+"identified by I<pid>. If I<pid> equals zero, the policy of the calling "
+"thread will be retrieved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:145
+msgid ""
+"On success, B<sched_setscheduler>() returns zero. On success, "
+"B<sched_getscheduler>() returns the policy for the thread (a nonnegative "
+"integer). On error, both calls return -1, and I<errno> is set "
+"appropriately."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:153
+msgid "Invalid arguments: I<pid> is negative or I<param> is NULL."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:158
+msgid "(B<sched_setscheduler>()) I<policy> is not one of the recognized policies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:164
+msgid ""
+"(B<sched_setscheduler>()) I<param> does not make sense for the specified "
+"I<policy>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:167
+msgid "The calling thread does not have appropriate privileges."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:173
+msgid ""
+"POSIX.1-2001 (but see BUGS below). The B<SCHED_BATCH> and B<SCHED_IDLE> "
+"policies are Linux-specific."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:177
+msgid ""
+"Further details of the semantics of all of the above \"normal\" and "
+"\"real-time\" scheduling policies can be found in B<sched>(7)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:185
+msgid ""
+"POSIX systems on which B<sched_setscheduler>() and B<sched_getscheduler>() "
+"are available define B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:193
+msgid ""
+"POSIX.1 does not detail the permissions that an unprivileged thread requires "
+"in order to call B<sched_setscheduler>(), and details vary across systems. "
+"For example, the Solaris 7 manual page says that the real or effective user "
+"ID of the caller must match the real user ID or the save set-user-ID of the "
+"target."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:214
+msgid ""
+"The scheduling policy and parameters are in fact per-thread attributes on "
+"Linux. The value returned from a call to B<gettid>(2) can be passed in the "
+"argument I<pid>. Specifying I<pid> as 0 will operate on the attributes of "
+"the calling thread, and passing the value returned from a call to "
+"B<getpid>(2) will operate on the attributes of the main thread of the "
+"thread group. (If you are using the POSIX threads API, then use "
+"B<pthread_setschedparam>(3), B<pthread_getschedparam>(3), and "
+"B<pthread_setschedprio>(3), instead of the B<sched_*>(2) system calls.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:222
+msgid ""
+"POSIX says that on success, B<sched_setscheduler>() should return the "
+"previous scheduling policy. Linux B<sched_setscheduler>() does not conform "
+"to this requirement, since it always returns 0 on success."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:241
+msgid ""
+"B<chrt>(1), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), "
+"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getaffinity>(2), B<sched_getattr>(2), "
+"B<sched_getparam>(2), B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2), B<sched_setaffinity>(2), "
+"B<sched_setattr>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), B<sched_yield>(2), "
+"B<setpriority>(2), B<capabilities>(7), B<cpuset>(7), B<sched>(7)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:29
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "SCHED_YIELD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:32
+msgid "sched_yield - yield the processor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:36
+msgid "B<int sched_yield(void);>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:41
+msgid ""
+"B<sched_yield>() causes the calling thread to relinquish the CPU. The "
+"thread is moved to the end of the queue for its static priority and a new "
+"thread gets to run."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:48
+msgid ""
+"On success, B<sched_yield>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned, and "
+"I<errno> is set appropriately."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:52
+msgid "In the Linux implementation, B<sched_yield>() always succeeds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:59
+msgid ""
+"If the calling thread is the only thread in the highest priority list at "
+"that time, it will continue to run after a call to B<sched_yield>()."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:66
+msgid ""
+"POSIX systems on which B<sched_yield>() is available define "
+"B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:79
+msgid ""
+"Strategic calls to B<sched_yield>() can improve performance by giving other "
+"threads or processes a chance to run when (heavily) contended resources "
+"(e.g., mutexes) have been released by the caller. Avoid calling "
+"B<sched_yield>() unnecessarily or inappropriately (e.g., when resources "
+"needed by other schedulable threads are still held by the caller), since "
+"doing so will result in unnecessary context switches, which will degrade "
+"system performance."
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:47
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:32
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "SCHED"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:35
+msgid "sched - overview of scheduling APIs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:36
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "API summary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:38
+msgid "The Linux scheduling APIs are as follows:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:38
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<sched_setscheduler>(2)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:41
+msgid "Set the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:41
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<sched_getscheduler>(2)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:44
+msgid "Return the scheduling policy of a specified thread."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:44
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2011-09-19"
+msgid "B<sched_setparam>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:51
-msgid ""
-"sched_setscheduler, sched_getscheduler - set and get scheduling "
-"policy/parameters"
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:47
+msgid "Set the scheduling parameters of a specified thread."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:56
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:47
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<int sched_setscheduler(pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<policy>B<,>\n"
+msgid "B<sched_getparam>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:58
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B< const struct sched_param *>I<param>B<);>\n"
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:50
+msgid "Fetch the scheduling parameters of a specified thread."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:60
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:50
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<int sched_getscheduler(pid_t >I<pid>B<);>\n"
+msgid "B<sched_get_priority_max>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:77
-msgid ""
-"B<sched_setscheduler>() sets both the scheduling policy and the associated "
-"parameters for the process whose ID is specified in I<pid>. If I<pid> "
-"equals zero, the scheduling policy and parameters of the calling process "
-"will be set. The interpretation of the argument I<param> depends on the "
-"selected policy. Currently, Linux supports the following \"normal\" (i.e., "
-"non-real-time) scheduling policies:"
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:53
+msgid "Return the minimum priority available in a specified scheduling policy."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:77
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:53
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<SCHED_OTHER>"
+msgid "B<sched_get_priority_min>(2)"
msgstr ""
-#. In the 2.6 kernel sources, SCHED_OTHER is actually called
-#. SCHED_NORMAL.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:82
-msgid "the standard round-robin time-sharing policy;"
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:56
+msgid "Return the maximum priority available in a specified scheduling policy."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:82
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:56
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<SCHED_BATCH>"
+msgid "B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:85
-msgid "for \"batch\" style execution of processes; and"
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:60
+msgid ""
+"Fetch the quantum used for threads that are scheduled under the "
+"\"round-robin\" scheduling policy."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:85
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:60
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<SCHED_IDLE>"
+msgid "B<sched_yield>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:90
-msgid "for running I<very> low priority background jobs."
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:64
+msgid ""
+"Cause the caller to relinquish the CPU, so that some other thread be "
+"executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:64
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<sched_setaffinity>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:94
-msgid ""
-"The following \"real-time\" policies are also supported, for special "
-"time-critical applications that need precise control over the way in which "
-"runnable processes are selected for execution:"
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:68
+msgid "(Linux-specific) Set the CPU affinity of a specified thread."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:94
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:68
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<SCHED_FIFO>"
+msgid "B<sched_getaffinity>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:97
-msgid "a first-in, first-out policy; and"
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:72
+msgid "(Linux-specific) Get the CPU affinity of a specified thread."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:97
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:72
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<SCHED_RR>"
+msgid "B<sched_setattr>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:100
-msgid "a round-robin policy."
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:79
+msgid ""
+"Set the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread. This "
+"(Linux-specific) system call provides a superset of the functionality of "
+"B<sched_setscheduler>(2) and B<sched_setparam>(2)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:102
-msgid "The semantics of each of these policies are detailed below."
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:79
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<sched_getattr>(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:109
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:87
msgid ""
-"B<sched_getscheduler>() queries the scheduling policy currently applied to "
-"the process identified by I<pid>. If I<pid> equals zero, the policy of the "
-"calling process will be retrieved."
+"Fetch the scheduling policy and parameters of a specified thread. This "
+"(Linux-specific) system call provides a superset of the functionality of "
+"B<sched_getscheduler>(2) and B<sched_getparam>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:109
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:87
#, no-wrap
-msgid "Scheduling Policies"
+msgid "Scheduling policies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:118
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:95
msgid ""
-"The scheduler is the kernel component that decides which runnable process "
-"will be executed by the CPU next. Each process has an associated scheduling "
-"policy and a I<static> scheduling priority, I<sched_priority>; these are the "
-"settings that are modified by B<sched_setscheduler>(). The scheduler makes "
-"it decisions based on knowledge of the scheduling policy and static priority "
-"of all processes on the system."
+"The scheduler is the kernel component that decides which runnable thread "
+"will be executed by the CPU next. Each thread has an associated scheduling "
+"policy and a I<static> scheduling priority, I<sched_priority>. The "
+"scheduler makes its decisions based on knowledge of the scheduling policy "
+"and static priority of all threads on the system."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:123
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:100
msgid ""
-"For processes scheduled under one of the normal scheduling policies "
+"For threads scheduled under one of the normal scheduling policies "
"(B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_IDLE>, B<SCHED_BATCH>), I<sched_priority> is not "
"used in scheduling decisions (it must be specified as 0)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:137
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:114
msgid ""
"Processes scheduled under one of the real-time policies (B<SCHED_FIFO>, "
"B<SCHED_RR>) have a I<sched_priority> value in the range 1 (low) to 99 "
-"(high). (As the numbers imply, real-time processes always have higher "
-"priority than normal processes.) Note well: POSIX.1-2001 only requires an "
-"implementation to support a minimum 32 distinct priority levels for the "
+"(high). (As the numbers imply, real-time threads always have higher "
+"priority than normal threads.) Note well: POSIX.1-2001 requires an "
+"implementation to support only a minimum 32 distinct priority levels for the "
"real-time policies, and some systems supply just this minimum. Portable "
"programs should use B<sched_get_priority_min>(2) and "
"B<sched_get_priority_max>(2) to find the range of priorities supported for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:143
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:120
msgid ""
-"Conceptually, the scheduler maintains a list of runnable processes for each "
-"possible I<sched_priority> value. In order to determine which process runs "
+"Conceptually, the scheduler maintains a list of runnable threads for each "
+"possible I<sched_priority> value. In order to determine which thread runs "
"next, the scheduler looks for the nonempty list with the highest static "
-"priority and selects the process at the head of this list."
+"priority and selects the thread at the head of this list."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:147
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:124
msgid ""
-"A process's scheduling policy determines where it will be inserted into the "
-"list of processes with equal static priority and how it will move inside "
-"this list."
+"A thread's scheduling policy determines where it will be inserted into the "
+"list of threads with equal static priority and how it will move inside this "
+"list."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:155
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:132
msgid ""
-"All scheduling is preemptive: if a process with a higher static priority "
-"becomes ready to run, the currently running process will be preempted and "
+"All scheduling is preemptive: if a thread with a higher static priority "
+"becomes ready to run, the currently running thread will be preempted and "
"returned to the wait list for its static priority level. The scheduling "
-"policy only determines the ordering within the list of runnable processes "
-"with equal static priority."
+"policy determines the ordering only within the list of runnable threads with "
+"equal static priority."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:155
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:132
#, no-wrap
-msgid "SCHED_FIFO: First In-First Out scheduling"
+msgid "SCHED_FIFO: First in-first out scheduling"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:164
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:141
msgid ""
-"B<SCHED_FIFO> can only be used with static priorities higher than 0, which "
-"means that when a B<SCHED_FIFO> processes becomes runnable, it will always "
+"B<SCHED_FIFO> can be used only with static priorities higher than 0, which "
+"means that when a B<SCHED_FIFO> threads becomes runnable, it will always "
"immediately preempt any currently running B<SCHED_OTHER>, B<SCHED_BATCH>, or "
-"B<SCHED_IDLE> process. B<SCHED_FIFO> is a simple scheduling algorithm "
-"without time slicing. For processes scheduled under the B<SCHED_FIFO> "
-"policy, the following rules apply:"
+"B<SCHED_IDLE> thread. B<SCHED_FIFO> is a simple scheduling algorithm "
+"without time slicing. For threads scheduled under the B<SCHED_FIFO> policy, "
+"the following rules apply:"
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:164 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:169 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:172 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:186 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:288 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:296 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:337 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:345 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:350 build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:355
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:141 build/C/man7/sched.7:146 build/C/man7/sched.7:149 build/C/man7/sched.7:164 build/C/man7/sched.7:412 build/C/man7/sched.7:421 build/C/man7/sched.7:444 build/C/man7/sched.7:452 build/C/man7/sched.7:491 build/C/man7/sched.7:499 build/C/man7/sched.7:504 build/C/man7/sched.7:509
#, no-wrap
msgid "*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:169
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:146
msgid ""
-"A B<SCHED_FIFO> process that has been preempted by another process of higher "
+"A B<SCHED_FIFO> thread that has been preempted by another thread of higher "
"priority will stay at the head of the list for its priority and will resume "
-"execution as soon as all processes of higher priority are blocked again."
+"execution as soon as all threads of higher priority are blocked again."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:172
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:149
msgid ""
-"When a B<SCHED_FIFO> process becomes runnable, it will be inserted at the "
-"end of the list for its priority."
+"When a B<SCHED_FIFO> thread becomes runnable, it will be inserted at the end "
+"of the list for its priority."
msgstr ""
-#. In 2.2.x and 2.4.x, the process is placed at the front of the queue
-#. In 2.0.x, the Right Thing happened: the process went to the back -- MTK
+#. In 2.2.x and 2.4.x, the thread is placed at the front of the queue
+#. In 2.0.x, the Right Thing happened: the thread went to the back -- MTK
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:186
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:164
msgid ""
-"A call to B<sched_setscheduler>() or B<sched_setparam>(2) will put the "
-"B<SCHED_FIFO> (or B<SCHED_RR>) process identified by I<pid> at the start of "
-"the list if it was runnable. As a consequence, it may preempt the currently "
-"running process if it has the same priority. (POSIX.1-2001 specifies that "
-"the process should go to the end of the list.)"
+"A call to B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), or "
+"B<sched_setattr>(2) will put the B<SCHED_FIFO> (or B<SCHED_RR>) thread "
+"identified by I<pid> at the start of the list if it was runnable. As a "
+"consequence, it may preempt the currently running thread if it has the same "
+"priority. (POSIX.1-2001 specifies that the thread should go to the end of "
+"the list.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:190
-msgid "A process calling B<sched_yield>(2) will be put at the end of the list."
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:168
+msgid "A thread calling B<sched_yield>(2) will be put at the end of the list."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:194
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:172
msgid ""
-"No other events will move a process scheduled under the B<SCHED_FIFO> policy "
-"in the wait list of runnable processes with equal static priority."
+"No other events will move a thread scheduled under the B<SCHED_FIFO> policy "
+"in the wait list of runnable threads with equal static priority."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:199
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:177
msgid ""
-"A B<SCHED_FIFO> process runs until either it is blocked by an I/O request, "
-"it is preempted by a higher priority process, or it calls B<sched_yield>(2)."
+"A B<SCHED_FIFO> thread runs until either it is blocked by an I/O request, it "
+"is preempted by a higher priority thread, or it calls B<sched_yield>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:199
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:177
#, no-wrap
-msgid "SCHED_RR: Round Robin scheduling"
+msgid "SCHED_RR: Round-robin scheduling"
msgstr ""
#. On Linux 2.4, the length of the RR interval is influenced
#. by the process nice value -- MTK
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:218
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:196
msgid ""
"B<SCHED_RR> is a simple enhancement of B<SCHED_FIFO>. Everything described "
-"above for B<SCHED_FIFO> also applies to B<SCHED_RR>, except that each "
-"process is only allowed to run for a maximum time quantum. If a B<SCHED_RR> "
-"process has been running for a time period equal to or longer than the time "
-"quantum, it will be put at the end of the list for its priority. A "
-"B<SCHED_RR> process that has been preempted by a higher priority process and "
-"subsequently resumes execution as a running process will complete the "
-"unexpired portion of its round robin time quantum. The length of the time "
-"quantum can be retrieved using B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2)."
+"above for B<SCHED_FIFO> also applies to B<SCHED_RR>, except that each thread "
+"is allowed to run only for a maximum time quantum. If a B<SCHED_RR> thread "
+"has been running for a time period equal to or longer than the time quantum, "
+"it will be put at the end of the list for its priority. A B<SCHED_RR> "
+"thread that has been preempted by a higher priority thread and subsequently "
+"resumes execution as a running thread will complete the unexpired portion of "
+"its round-robin time quantum. The length of the time quantum can be "
+"retrieved using B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:196
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "SCHED_DEADLINE: Sporadic task model deadline scheduling"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:208
+msgid ""
+"Since version 3.14, Linux provides a deadline scheduling policy "
+"(B<SCHED_DEADLINE>). This policy is currently implemented using GEDF "
+"(Global Earliest Deadline First) in conjunction with CBS (Constant "
+"Bandwidth Server). To set and fetch this policy and associated attributes, "
+"one must use the Linux-specific B<sched_setattr>(2) and B<sched_getattr>(2) "
+"system calls."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:226
+msgid ""
+"A sporadic task is one that has a sequence of jobs, where each job is "
+"activated at most once per period. Each job also has a I<relative "
+"deadline>, before which it should finish execution, and a I<computation "
+"time>, which is the CPU time necessary for executing the job. The moment "
+"when a task wakes up because a new job has to be executed is called the "
+"I<arrival time> (also referred to as the request time or release time). The "
+"I<start time> is the time at which a task starts its execution. The "
+"I<absolute deadline> is thus obtained by adding the relative deadline to the "
+"arrival time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:228
+msgid "The following diagram clarifies these terms:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:239
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"arrival/wakeup absolute deadline\n"
+" | start time |\n"
+" | | |\n"
+" v v v\n"
+"-----x--------xooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n"
+" |E<lt>- comp. time -E<gt>|\n"
+" |E<lt>------- relative deadline ------E<gt>|\n"
+" |E<lt>-------------- period -------------------E<gt>|\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:258
+msgid ""
+"When setting a B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy for a thread using "
+"B<sched_setattr>(2), one can specify three parameters: I<Runtime>, "
+"I<Deadline>, and I<Period>. These parameters do not necessarily correspond "
+"to the aforementioned terms: usual practice is to set Runtime to something "
+"bigger than the average computation time (or worst-case execution time for "
+"hard real-time tasks), Deadline to the relative deadline, and Period to the "
+"period of the task. Thus, for B<SCHED_DEADLINE> scheduling, we have:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:269
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"arrival/wakeup absolute deadline\n"
+" | start time |\n"
+" | | |\n"
+" v v v\n"
+"-----x--------xooooooooooooooooo--------x--------x---\n"
+" |E<lt>-- Runtime -------E<gt>|\n"
+" |E<lt>----------- Deadline -----------E<gt>|\n"
+" |E<lt>-------------- Period -------------------E<gt>|\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. FIXME It looks as though specifying sched_period as 0 means
+#. "make sched_period the same as sched_deadline".
+#. This needs to be documented.
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:289
+msgid ""
+"The three deadline-scheduling parameters correspond to the I<sched_runtime>, "
+"I<sched_deadline>, and I<sched_period> fields of the I<sched_attr> "
+"structure; see B<sched_setattr>(2). These fields express value in "
+"nanoseconds. If I<sched_period> is specified as 0, then it is made the same "
+"as I<sched_deadline>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:291
+msgid "The kernel requires that:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:293
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " sched_runtime E<lt>= sched_deadline E<lt>= sched_period\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. See __checkparam_dl in kernel/sched/core.c
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:303
+msgid ""
+"In addition, under the current implementation, all of the parameter values "
+"must be at least 1024 (i.e., just over one microsecond, which is the "
+"resolution of the implementation), and less than 2^63. If any of these "
+"checks fails, B<sched_setattr>(2) fails with the error B<EINVAL>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:306
+msgid ""
+"The CBS guarantees non-interference between tasks, by throttling threads "
+"that attempt to over-run their specified Runtime."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:319
+msgid ""
+"To ensure deadline scheduling guarantees, the kernel must prevent situations "
+"where the set of B<SCHED_DEADLINE> threads is not feasible (schedulable) "
+"within the given constraints. The kernel thus performs an admittance test "
+"when setting or changing B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy and attributes. This "
+"admission test calculates whether the change is feasible; if it is not "
+"B<sched_setattr>(2) fails with the error B<EBUSY>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:325
+msgid ""
+"For example, it is required (but not necessarily sufficient) for the total "
+"utilization to be less than or equal to the total number of CPUs available, "
+"where, since each thread can maximally run for Runtime per Period, that "
+"thread's utilization is its Runtime divided by its Period."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:336
+msgid ""
+"In order to fulfil the guarantees that are made when a thread is admitted to "
+"the B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy, B<SCHED_DEADLINE> threads are the highest "
+"priority (user controllable) threads in the system; if any B<SCHED_DEADLINE> "
+"thread is runnable, it will preempt any thread scheduled under one of the "
+"other policies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:344
+msgid ""
+"A call to B<fork>(2) by a thread scheduled under the B<SCHED_DEADLINE> "
+"policy will fail with the error B<EAGAIN>, unless the thread has its "
+"reset-on-fork flag set (see below)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#
+#. FIXME Calling sched_getparam() on a SCHED_DEADLINE thread
+#. fails with EINVAL, but sched_getscheduler() succeeds.
+#. Is that intended? (Why?)
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:355
+msgid ""
+"A B<SCHED_DEADLINE> thread that calls B<sched_yield>(2) will yield the "
+"current job and wait for a new period to begin."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:218
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:355
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_OTHER: Default Linux time-sharing scheduling"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:234
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:372
msgid ""
-"B<SCHED_OTHER> can only be used at static priority 0. B<SCHED_OTHER> is the "
-"standard Linux time-sharing scheduler that is intended for all processes "
-"that do not require the special real-time mechanisms. The process to run is "
+"B<SCHED_OTHER> can be used at only static priority 0. B<SCHED_OTHER> is the "
+"standard Linux time-sharing scheduler that is intended for all threads that "
+"do not require the special real-time mechanisms. The thread to run is "
"chosen from the static priority 0 list based on a I<dynamic> priority that "
"is determined only inside this list. The dynamic priority is based on the "
-"nice value (set by B<nice>(2) or B<setpriority>(2)) and increased for each "
-"time quantum the process is ready to run, but denied to run by the "
-"scheduler. This ensures fair progress among all B<SCHED_OTHER> processes."
+"nice value (set by B<nice>(2), B<setpriority>(2), or B<sched_setattr>(2)) "
+"and increased for each time quantum the thread is ready to run, but denied "
+"to run by the scheduler. This ensures fair progress among all "
+"B<SCHED_OTHER> threads."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:234
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:372
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_BATCH: Scheduling batch processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:246
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:384
msgid ""
-"(Since Linux 2.6.16.) B<SCHED_BATCH> can only be used at static priority "
-"0. This policy is similar to B<SCHED_OTHER> in that it schedules the "
-"process according to its dynamic priority (based on the nice value). The "
-"difference is that this policy will cause the scheduler to always assume "
-"that the process is CPU-intensive. Consequently, the scheduler will apply a "
-"small scheduling penalty with respect to wakeup behaviour, so that this "
-"process is mildly disfavored in scheduling decisions."
+"(Since Linux 2.6.16.) B<SCHED_BATCH> can be used only at static priority "
+"0. This policy is similar to B<SCHED_OTHER> in that it schedules the thread "
+"according to its dynamic priority (based on the nice value). The difference "
+"is that this policy will cause the scheduler to always assume that the "
+"thread is CPU-intensive. Consequently, the scheduler will apply a small "
+"scheduling penalty with respect to wakeup behavior, so that this thread is "
+"mildly disfavored in scheduling decisions."
msgstr ""
#. The following paragraph is drawn largely from the text that
#. accompanied Ingo Molnar's patch for the implementation of
#. SCHED_BATCH.
+#. commit b0a9499c3dd50d333e2aedb7e894873c58da3785
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:255
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:394
msgid ""
"This policy is useful for workloads that are noninteractive, but do not want "
"to lower their nice value, and for workloads that want a deterministic "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:255
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:394
#, no-wrap
msgid "SCHED_IDLE: Scheduling very low priority jobs"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:259
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:398
msgid ""
-"(Since Linux 2.6.23.) B<SCHED_IDLE> can only be used at static priority 0; "
+"(Since Linux 2.6.23.) B<SCHED_IDLE> can be used only at static priority 0; "
"the process nice value has no influence for this policy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:267
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:406
msgid ""
"This policy is intended for running jobs at extremely low priority (lower "
"even than a +19 nice value with the B<SCHED_OTHER> or B<SCHED_BATCH> "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:267
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:406
#, no-wrap
msgid "Resetting scheduling policy for child processes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:283
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:412
msgid ""
-"Since Linux 2.6.32, the B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> flag can be ORed in I<policy> "
-"when calling B<sched_setscheduler>(). As a result of including this flag, "
+"Each thread has a reset-on-fork scheduling flag. When this flag is set, "
"children created by B<fork>(2) do not inherit privileged scheduling "
-"policies. This feature is intended for media-playback applications, and can "
-"be used to prevent applications evading the B<RLIMIT_RTTIME> resource limit "
-"(see B<getrlimit>(2)) by creating multiple child processes."
+"policies. The reset-on-fork flag can be set by either:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:288
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:421
msgid ""
-"More precisely, if the B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> flag is specified, the "
-"following rules apply for subsequently created children:"
+"ORing the B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> flag into the I<policy> argument when "
+"calling B<sched_setscheduler>(2) (since Linux 2.6.32); or"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:296
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:428
msgid ""
-"If the calling process has a scheduling policy of B<SCHED_FIFO> or "
-"B<SCHED_RR>, the policy is reset to B<SCHED_OTHER> in child processes."
+"specifying the B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK> flag in I<attr.sched_flags> when "
+"calling B<sched_setattr>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:299
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:434
msgid ""
-"If the calling process has a negative nice value, the nice value is reset to "
-"zero in child processes."
+"Note that the constants used with these two APIs have different names. The "
+"state of the reset-on-fork flag can analogously be retrieved using "
+"B<sched_getscheduler>(2) and B<sched_getattr>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:308
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:441
msgid ""
-"After the B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> flag has been enabled, it can only be reset "
-"if the process has the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability. This flag is disabled in "
-"child processes created by B<fork>(2)."
+"The reset-on-fork feature is intended for media-playback applications, and "
+"can be used to prevent applications evading the B<RLIMIT_RTTIME> resource "
+"limit (see B<getrlimit>(2)) by creating multiple child processes."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:314
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:444
msgid ""
-"The B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> flag is visible in the policy value returned by "
-"B<sched_getscheduler>()"
+"More precisely, if the reset-on-fork flag is set, the following rules apply "
+"for subsequently created children:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:452
+msgid ""
+"If the calling thread has a scheduling policy of B<SCHED_FIFO> or "
+"B<SCHED_RR>, the policy is reset to B<SCHED_OTHER> in child processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:455
+msgid ""
+"If the calling process has a negative nice value, the nice value is reset to "
+"zero in child processes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:463
+msgid ""
+"After the reset-on-fork flag has been enabled, it can be reset only if the "
+"thread has the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability. This flag is disabled in child "
+"processes created by B<fork>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:314
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:463
#, no-wrap
msgid "Privileges and resource limits"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:327
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:475
msgid ""
-"In Linux kernels before 2.6.12, only privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) processes "
+"In Linux kernels before 2.6.12, only privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) threads "
"can set a nonzero static priority (i.e., set a real-time scheduling "
-"policy). The only change that an unprivileged process can make is to set "
-"the B<SCHED_OTHER> policy, and this can only be done if the effective user "
-"ID of the caller of B<sched_setscheduler>() matches the real or effective "
-"user ID of the target process (i.e., the process specified by I<pid>) whose "
-"policy is being changed."
+"policy). The only change that an unprivileged thread can make is to set the "
+"B<SCHED_OTHER> policy, and this can be done only if the effective user ID of "
+"the caller matches the real or effective user ID of the target thread (i.e., "
+"the thread specified by I<pid>) whose policy is being changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:481
+msgid ""
+"A thread must be privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) in order to set or modify a "
+"B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:337
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:491
msgid ""
"Since Linux 2.6.12, the B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> resource limit defines a ceiling on "
-"an unprivileged process's static priority for the B<SCHED_RR> and "
+"an unprivileged thread's static priority for the B<SCHED_RR> and "
"B<SCHED_FIFO> policies. The rules for changing scheduling policy and "
"priority are as follows:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:345
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:499
msgid ""
-"If an unprivileged process has a nonzero B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> soft limit, then "
-"it can change its scheduling policy and priority, subject to the restriction "
+"If an unprivileged thread has a nonzero B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> soft limit, then it "
+"can change its scheduling policy and priority, subject to the restriction "
"that the priority cannot be set to a value higher than the maximum of its "
"current priority and its B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> soft limit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:350
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:504
msgid ""
"If the B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> soft limit is 0, then the only permitted changes are "
"to lower the priority, or to switch to a non-real-time policy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:355
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:509
msgid ""
-"Subject to the same rules, another unprivileged process can also make these "
-"changes, as long as the effective user ID of the process making the change "
-"matches the real or effective user ID of the target process."
+"Subject to the same rules, another unprivileged thread can also make these "
+"changes, as long as the effective user ID of the thread making the change "
+"matches the real or effective user ID of the target thread."
msgstr ""
#. commit c02aa73b1d18e43cfd79c2f193b225e84ca497c8
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:373
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:528
msgid ""
-"Special rules apply for the B<SCHED_IDLE>. In Linux kernels before 2.6.39, "
-"an unprivileged process operating under this policy cannot change its "
+"Special rules apply for the B<SCHED_IDLE> policy. In Linux kernels before "
+"2.6.39, an unprivileged thread operating under this policy cannot change its "
"policy, regardless of the value of its B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> resource limit. In "
-"Linux kernels since 2.6.39, an unprivileged process can switch to either the "
+"Linux kernels since 2.6.39, an unprivileged thread can switch to either the "
"B<SCHED_BATCH> or the B<SCHED_NORMAL> policy so long as its nice value falls "
"within the range permitted by its B<RLIMIT_NICE> resource limit (see "
"B<getrlimit>(2))."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:384
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:539
msgid ""
-"Privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) processes ignore the B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> limit; "
-"as with older kernels, they can make arbitrary changes to scheduling policy "
-"and priority. See B<getrlimit>(2) for further information on "
-"B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO>."
+"Privileged (B<CAP_SYS_NICE>) threads ignore the B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO> limit; as "
+"with older kernels, they can make arbitrary changes to scheduling policy and "
+"priority. See B<getrlimit>(2) for further information on B<RLIMIT_RTPRIO>."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:384
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:539
#, no-wrap
-msgid "Response time"
+msgid "Limiting the CPU usage of real-time and deadline processes"
msgstr ""
-#. as described in
-#. .BR request_irq (9).
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:392
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:552
msgid ""
-"A blocked high priority process waiting for the I/O has a certain response "
-"time before it is scheduled again. The device driver writer can greatly "
-"reduce this response time by using a \"slow interrupt\" interrupt handler."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:392
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Miscellaneous"
+"A nonblocking infinite loop in a thread scheduled under the B<SCHED_FIFO>, "
+"B<SCHED_RR>, or B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy will block all threads with lower "
+"priority forever. Prior to Linux 2.6.25, the only way of preventing a "
+"runaway real-time process from freezing the system was to run (at the "
+"console) a shell scheduled under a higher static priority than the tested "
+"application. This allows an emergency kill of tested real-time applications "
+"that do not block or terminate as expected."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:397
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:562
msgid ""
-"Child processes inherit the scheduling policy and parameters across a "
-"B<fork>(2). The scheduling policy and parameters are preserved across "
-"B<execve>(2)."
+"Since Linux 2.6.25, there are other techniques for dealing with runaway "
+"real-time and deadline processes. One of these is to use the "
+"B<RLIMIT_RTTIME> resource limit to set a ceiling on the CPU time that a "
+"real-time process may consume. See B<getrlimit>(2) for details."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:403
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:570
msgid ""
-"Memory locking is usually needed for real-time processes to avoid paging "
-"delays; this can be done with B<mlock>(2) or B<mlockall>(2)."
+"Since version 2.6.25, Linux also provides two I</proc> files that can be "
+"used to reserve a certain amount of CPU time to be used by non-real-time "
+"processes. Reserving some CPU time in this fashion allows some CPU time to "
+"be allocated to (say) a root shell that can be used to kill a runaway "
+"process. Both of these files specify time values in microseconds:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:415
-msgid ""
-"Since a nonblocking infinite loop in a process scheduled under B<SCHED_FIFO> "
-"or B<SCHED_RR> will block all processes with lower priority forever, a "
-"software developer should always keep available on the console a shell "
-"scheduled under a higher static priority than the tested application. This "
-"will allow an emergency kill of tested real-time applications that do not "
-"block or terminate as expected. See also the description of the "
-"B<RLIMIT_RTTIME> resource limit in B<getrlimit>(2)."
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:570
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_us>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:423
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:578
msgid ""
-"POSIX systems on which B<sched_setscheduler>() and B<sched_getscheduler>() "
-"are available define B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
+"This file specifies a scheduling period that is equivalent to 100% CPU "
+"bandwidth. The value in this file can range from 1 to B<INT_MAX>, giving an "
+"operating range of 1 microsecond to around 35 minutes. The default value in "
+"this file is 1,000,000 (1 second)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:578
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:433
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:591
msgid ""
-"On success, B<sched_setscheduler>() returns zero. On success, "
-"B<sched_getscheduler>() returns the policy for the process (a nonnegative "
-"integer). On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
+"The value in this file specifies how much of the \"period\" time can be used "
+"by all real-time and deadline scheduled processes on the system. The value "
+"in this file can range from -1 to B<INT_MAX>-1. Specifying -1 makes the "
+"runtime the same as the period; that is, no CPU time is set aside for "
+"non-real-time processes (which was the Linux behavior before kernel "
+"2.6.25). The default value in this file is 950,000 (0.95 seconds), meaning "
+"that 5% of the CPU time is reserved for processes that don't run under a "
+"real-time or deadline scheduling policy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:592
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Response time"
msgstr ""
+#. as described in
+#. .BR request_irq (9).
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:439
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:600
msgid ""
-"The scheduling I<policy> is not one of the recognized policies, I<param> is "
-"NULL, or I<param> does not make sense for the I<policy>."
+"A blocked high priority thread waiting for I/O has a certain response time "
+"before it is scheduled again. The device driver writer can greatly reduce "
+"this response time by using a \"slow interrupt\" interrupt handler."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:442
-msgid "The calling process does not have appropriate privileges."
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:600
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Miscellaneous"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:448
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:605
msgid ""
-"POSIX.1-2001 (but see BUGS below). The B<SCHED_BATCH> and B<SCHED_IDLE> "
-"policies are Linux-specific."
+"Child processes inherit the scheduling policy and parameters across a "
+"B<fork>(2). The scheduling policy and parameters are preserved across "
+"B<execve>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:456
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:611
msgid ""
-"POSIX.1 does not detail the permissions that an unprivileged process "
-"requires in order to call B<sched_setscheduler>(), and details vary across "
-"systems. For example, the Solaris 7 manual page says that the real or "
-"effective user ID of the calling process must match the real user ID or the "
-"save set-user-ID of the target process."
+"Memory locking is usually needed for real-time processes to avoid paging "
+"delays; this can be done with B<mlock>(2) or B<mlockall>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:466
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:622
msgid ""
"Originally, Standard Linux was intended as a general-purpose operating "
"system being able to handle background processes, interactive applications, "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:466
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:622
#, no-wrap
msgid "Real-time features in the mainline Linux kernel"
msgstr ""
#. FIXME . Probably this text will need some minor tweaking
#. by about the time of 2.6.30; ask Carsten Emde about this then.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:480
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:636
msgid ""
"From kernel version 2.6.18 onward, however, Linux is gradually becoming "
"equipped with real-time capabilities, most of which are derived from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:484
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:640
#, no-wrap
msgid "patch-I<kernelversion>-rtI<patchversion>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:489
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:646
msgid ""
-"and can be downloaded from "
-"I<http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/rt/>."
+"and can be downloaded from E<.UR "
+"http://www.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/projects\\:/rt/> E<.UE .>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:498
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:655
msgid ""
"Without the patches and prior to their full inclusion into the mainline "
"kernel, the kernel configuration offers only the three preemption classes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:509
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:664
msgid ""
"With the patches applied or after their full inclusion into the mainline "
"kernel, the additional configuration item B<CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT> becomes "
"available. If this is selected, Linux is transformed into a regular "
-"real-time operating system. The FIFO and RR scheduling policies that can be "
-"selected using B<sched_setscheduler>() are then used to run a process with "
-"true real-time priority and a minimum worst-case scheduling latency."
+"real-time operating system. The FIFO and RR scheduling policies are then "
+"used to run a thread with true real-time priority and a minimum worst-case "
+"scheduling latency."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:517
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:691
msgid ""
-"POSIX says that on success, B<sched_setscheduler>() should return the "
-"previous scheduling policy. Linux B<sched_setscheduler>() does not conform "
-"to this requirement, since it always returns 0 on success."
+"B<chrt>(1), B<taskset>(1), B<getpriority>(2), B<mlock>(2), B<mlockall>(2), "
+"B<munlock>(2), B<munlockall>(2), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), "
+"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getscheduler>(2), "
+"B<sched_getaffinity>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2), "
+"B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setscheduler>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), "
+"B<sched_yield>(2), B<setpriority>(2), B<pthread_getaffinity_np>(3), "
+"B<pthread_setaffinity_np>(3), B<sched_getcpu>(3), B<capabilities>(7), "
+"B<cpuset>(7)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:535
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:695
msgid ""
-"B<getpriority>(2), B<mlock>(2), B<mlockall>(2), B<munlock>(2), "
-"B<munlockall>(2), B<nice>(2), B<sched_get_priority_max>(2), "
-"B<sched_get_priority_min>(2), B<sched_getaffinity>(2), B<sched_getparam>(2), "
-"B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2), B<sched_setaffinity>(2), B<sched_setparam>(2), "
-"B<sched_yield>(2), B<setpriority>(2), B<capabilities>(7), B<cpuset>(7)"
+"I<Programming for the real world - POSIX.4> by Bill O. Gallmeister, O'Reilly "
+"& Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-074-0."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_setscheduler.2:541
+#: build/C/man7/sched.7:702
msgid ""
-"The kernel source file I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt> (since "
-"kernel 2.6.25)."
+"The Linux kernel source files I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline.txt>, "
+"I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt>, "
+"I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt>, and "
+"I<Documentation/scheduler/sched-nice-design.txt>"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:30
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:8
#, no-wrap
-msgid "SCHED_YIELD"
+msgid "SETNS"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:30
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:8
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2008-10-18"
+msgid "2015-01-10"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:33
-msgid "sched_yield - yield the processor"
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:11
+msgid "setns - reassociate thread with a namespace"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:37
-msgid "B<int sched_yield(void);>"
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:17
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<int setns(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<nstype>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:42
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:21
msgid ""
-"B<sched_yield>() causes the calling thread to relinquish the CPU. The "
-"thread is moved to the end of the queue for its static priority and a new "
-"thread gets to run."
+"Given a file descriptor referring to a namespace, reassociate the calling "
+"thread with that namespace."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:49
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:34
msgid ""
-"On success, B<sched_yield>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned, and "
-"I<errno> is set appropriately."
+"The I<fd> argument is a file descriptor referring to one of the namespace "
+"entries in a I</proc/[pid]/ns/> directory; see B<namespaces>(7) for further "
+"information on I</proc/[pid]/ns/>. The calling thread will be reassociated "
+"with the corresponding namespace, subject to any constraints imposed by the "
+"I<nstype> argument."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:40
+msgid ""
+"The I<nstype> argument specifies which type of namespace the calling thread "
+"may be reassociated with. This argument can have one of the following "
+"values:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:40
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<0>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:43
+msgid "Allow any type of namespace to be joined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:43
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<CLONE_NEWIPC> (since Linux 3.0)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:47
+msgid "I<fd> must refer to an IPC namespace."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:47
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<CLONE_NEWNET> (since Linux 3.0)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:51
+msgid "I<fd> must refer to a network namespace."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:51
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<CLONE_NEWNS> (since Linux 3.8)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:55
+msgid "I<fd> must refer to a mount namespace."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:55 build/C/man2/unshare.2:149
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<CLONE_NEWPID> (since Linux 3.8)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:59
+msgid "I<fd> must refer to a descendant PID namespace."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:59 build/C/man2/unshare.2:176
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<CLONE_NEWUSER> (since Linux 3.8)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:63
+msgid "I<fd> must refer to a user namespace."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:63
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<CLONE_NEWUTS> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:53
-msgid "In the Linux implementation, B<sched_yield>() always succeeds."
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:67
+msgid "I<fd> must refer to a UTS namespace."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:60
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:82
msgid ""
-"If the calling thread is the only thread in the highest priority list at "
-"that time, it will continue to run after a call to B<sched_yield>()."
+"Specifying I<nstype> as 0 suffices if the caller knows (or does not care) "
+"what type of namespace is referred to by I<fd>. Specifying a nonzero value "
+"for I<nstype> is useful if the caller does not know what type of namespace "
+"is referred to by I<fd> and wants to ensure that the namespace is of a "
+"particular type. (The caller might not know the type of the namespace "
+"referred to by I<fd> if the file descriptor was opened by another process "
+"and, for example, passed to the caller via a UNIX domain socket.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:66
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:97
msgid ""
-"POSIX systems on which B<sched_yield>() is available define "
-"B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> in I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>."
+"B<CLONE_NEWPID> behaves somewhat differently from the other I<nstype> "
+"values: reassociating the calling thread with a PID namespace changes only "
+"the PID namespace that child processes of the caller will be created in; it "
+"does not change the PID namespace of the caller itself. Reassociating with "
+"a PID namespace is allowed only if the PID namespace specified by I<fd> is a "
+"descendant (child, grandchild, etc.) of the PID namespace of the caller. "
+"For further details on PID namespaces, see B<pid_namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""
+#. See kernel/user_namespace.c:userns_install() [3.8 source]
+#. commit e66eded8309ebf679d3d3c1f5820d1f2ca332c71
+#. https://lwn.net/Articles/543273/
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:79
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:124
msgid ""
-"Strategic calls to B<sched_yield>() can improve performance by giving other "
-"threads or processes a chance to run when (heavily) contended resources "
-"(e.g., mutexes) have been released by the caller. Avoid calling "
-"B<sched_yield>() unnecessarily or inappropriately (e.g., when resources "
-"needed by other schedulable threads are still held by the caller), since "
-"doing so will result in unnecessary context switches, which will degrade "
-"system performance."
+"A process reassociating itself with a user namespace must have the "
+"B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability in the target user namespace. Upon successfully "
+"joining a user namespace, a process is granted all capabilities in that "
+"namespace, regardless of its user and group IDs. A multithreaded process "
+"may not change user namespace with B<setns>(). It is not permitted to use "
+"B<setns>() to reenter the caller's current user namespace. This prevents a "
+"caller that has dropped capabilities from regaining those capabilities via a "
+"call to B<setns>(). For security reasons, a process can't join a new user "
+"namespace if it is sharing filesystem-related attributes (the attributes "
+"whose sharing is controlled by the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_FS> flag) with "
+"another process. For further details on user namespaces, see "
+"B<user_namespaces>(7)."
msgstr ""
+#. Above check is in fs/namespace.c:mntns_install() [3.8 source]
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/sched_yield.2:82
-msgid "B<sched_setscheduler>(2) for a description of Linux scheduling."
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:138
+msgid ""
+"A process may not be reassociated with a new mount namespace if it is "
+"multithreaded. Changing the mount namespace requires that the caller "
+"possess both B<CAP_SYS_CHROOT> and B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capabilities in its own "
+"user namespace and B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> in the target mount namespace. See "
+"B<user_namespaces>(7) for details on the interaction of user namespaces and "
+"mount namespaces."
msgstr ""
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:4
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "SETNS"
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:145
+msgid ""
+"On success, B<setns>() returns 0. On failure, -1 is returned and I<errno> "
+"is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:4
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2011-10-04"
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:150
+msgid "I<fd> is not a valid file descriptor."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:7
-msgid "setns - reassociate thread with a namespace"
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:155
+msgid ""
+"I<fd> refers to a namespace whose type does not match that specified in "
+"I<nstype>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:13
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<int setns(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<nstype>B<);>\n"
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:159
+msgid "There is problem with reassociating the thread with the specified namespace."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:17
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:164
msgid ""
-"Given a file descriptor referring to a namespace, reassociate the calling "
-"thread with that namespace."
+"The caller tried to join an ancestor (parent, grandparent, etc...) pid "
+"namespace."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:30
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:168
msgid ""
-"The I<fd> argument is a file descriptor referring to one of the namespace "
-"entries in a I</proc/[pid]/ns/> directory; see B<proc>(5) for further "
-"information on I</proc/[pid]/ns/>. The calling thread will be reassociated "
-"with the corresponding namespace, subject to any constraints imposed by the "
-"I<nstype> argument."
+"The caller attempted to join the user namespace in which it is already a "
+"member."
msgstr ""
+#. commit e66eded8309ebf679d3d3c1f5820d1f2ca332c71
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:36
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:175
msgid ""
-"The I<nstype> argument specifies which type of namespace the calling thread "
-"may be reassociated with. This argument can have one of the following "
-"values:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:36
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<0>"
+"The caller shares filesystem (B<CLONE_FS>) state (in particular, the root "
+"directory) with other processes and tried to join a new user namespace."
msgstr ""
+#. See kernel/user_namespace.c::userns_install() [kernel 3.15 sources]
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:39
-msgid "Allow any type of namespace to be joined."
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:179
+msgid "The caller is multithreaded and tried to join a new user namespace."
msgstr ""
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:39
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<CLONE_NEWIPC>"
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:182
+msgid "Cannot allocate sufficient memory to change the specified namespace."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:43
-msgid "I<fd> must refer to an IPC namespace."
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:186
+msgid "The calling thread did not have the required capability for this operation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:43
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<CLONE_NEWNET>"
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:191
+msgid ""
+"The B<setns>() system call first appeared in Linux in kernel 3.0; library "
+"support was added to glibc in version 2.14."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:47
-msgid "I<fd> must refer to a network namespace."
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:195
+msgid "The B<setns>() system call is Linux-specific."
msgstr ""
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:47
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<CLONE_NEWUTS>"
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:201
+msgid ""
+"Not all of the attributes that can be shared when a new thread is created "
+"using B<clone>(2) can be changed using B<setns>()."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:51
-msgid "I<fd> must refer to a UTS namespace."
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:210
+msgid ""
+"The program below takes two or more arguments. The first argument specifies "
+"the pathname of a namespace file in an existing I</proc/[pid]/ns/> "
+"directory. The remaining arguments specify a command and its arguments. "
+"The program opens the namespace file, joins that namespace using B<setns>(), "
+"and executes the specified command inside that namespace."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:66
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:220
msgid ""
-"Specifying I<nstype> as 0 suffices if the caller knows (or does not care) "
-"what type of namespace is referred to by I<fd>. Specifying a nonzero value "
-"for I<nstype> is useful if the caller does not know what type of namespace "
-"is referred to by I<fd> and wants to ensure that the namespace is of a "
-"particular type. (The caller might not know the type of the namespace "
-"referred to by I<fd> if the file descriptor was opened by another process "
-"and, for example, passed to the caller via a UNIX domain socket.)"
+"The following shell session demonstrates the use of this program (compiled "
+"as a binary named I<ns_exec>) in conjunction with the B<CLONE_NEWUTS> "
+"example program in the B<clone>(2) man page (complied as a binary named "
+"I<newuts>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:73
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:228
msgid ""
-"On success, I<setns>() returns 0. On failure, -1 is returned and I<errno> "
-"is set to indicate the error."
+"We begin by executing the example program in B<clone>(2) in the "
+"background. That program creates a child in a separate UTS namespace. The "
+"child changes the hostname in its namespace, and then both processes display "
+"the hostnames in their UTS namespaces, so that we can see that they are "
+"different."
msgstr ""
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:74
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:240
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<EBADF>"
+msgid ""
+"$ B<su> # Need privilege for namespace operations\n"
+"Password:\n"
+"# B<./newuts bizarro &>\n"
+"[1] 3549\n"
+"clone() returned 3550\n"
+"uts.nodename in child: bizarro\n"
+"uts.nodename in parent: antero\n"
+"# B<uname -n> # Verify hostname in the shell\n"
+"antero\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:78
-msgid "I<fd> is not a valid file descriptor."
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:247
+msgid ""
+"We then run the program shown below, using it to execute a shell. Inside "
+"that shell, we verify that the hostname is the one set by the child created "
+"by the first program:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:85
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:253
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"I<fd> refers to a namespace whose type does not match that specified in "
-"I<nstype>, or there is problem with reassociating the the thread with the "
-"specified namespace."
+"# B<./ns_exec /proc/3550/ns/uts /bin/bash>\n"
+"# B<uname -n> # Executed in shell started by ns_exec\n"
+"bizarro\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:88
-msgid "Cannot allocate sufficient memory to change the specified namespace."
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:263
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
+"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:93
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:271
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"The calling thread did not have the required privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) "
-"for this operation."
+"int\n"
+"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
+"{\n"
+" int fd;\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:97
-msgid "The B<setns>() system call first appeared in Linux in kernel 3.0"
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:276
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
+" fprintf(stderr, \"%s /proc/PID/ns/FILE cmd args...\\en\", "
+"argv[0]);\n"
+" exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+" }\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:101
-msgid "The B<setns>() system call is Linux-specific."
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:280
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY); /* Get descriptor for namespace */\n"
+" if (fd == -1)\n"
+" errExit(\"open\");\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:107
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:283
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"Not all of the attributes that can be shared when a new thread is created "
-"using B<clone>(2) can be changed using B<setns>()."
+" if (setns(fd, 0) == -1) /* Join that namespace */\n"
+" errExit(\"setns\");\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:115
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:287
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"The PID namespace and the mount namespace are not currently supported. (See "
-"the descriptions of B<CLONE_NEWPID> and B<CLONE_NEWNS> in B<clone>(2).)"
+" execvp(argv[2], &argv[2]); /* Execute a command in namespace */\n"
+" errExit(\"execvp\");\n"
+"}\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/setns.2:120
-msgid "B<clone>(2), B<fork>(2), B<vfork>(2), B<proc>(5), B<unix>(7)"
+#: build/C/man2/setns.2:295
+msgid ""
+"B<clone>(2), B<fork>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<vfork>(2), B<namespaces>(7), "
+"B<unix>(7)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:17
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:20
#, no-wrap
msgid "UNSHARE"
msgstr ""
-#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:17
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "2010-10-30"
-msgstr ""
-
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:20
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:23
msgid "unshare - disassociate parts of the process execution context"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:41
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:36
+msgid "B<unshare>():"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:62
msgid ""
"B<unshare>() allows a process to disassociate parts of its execution "
"context that are currently being shared with other processes. Part of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:46
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:67
msgid ""
"The main use of B<unshare>() is to allow a process to control its shared "
"execution context without creating a new process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:53
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:74
msgid ""
"The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that specifies which parts of the "
"execution context should be unshared. This argument is specified by ORing "
"together zero or more of the following constants:"
msgstr ""
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:74
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<CLONE_FILES>"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:61
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:82
msgid ""
"Reverse the effect of the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_FILES> flag. Unshare the "
"file descriptor table, so that the calling process no longer shares its file "
"descriptors with any other process."
msgstr ""
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:82
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<CLONE_FS>"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:74
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:96
msgid ""
-"Reverse the effect of the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_FS> flag. Unshare file "
-"system attributes, so that the calling process no longer shares its root "
-"directory, current directory, or umask attributes with any other process. "
-"B<chroot>(2), B<chdir>(2), or B<umask>(2)"
+"Reverse the effect of the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_FS> flag. Unshare filesystem "
+"attributes, so that the calling process no longer shares its root directory "
+"(B<chroot>(2)), current directory (B<chdir>(2)), or umask (B<umask>(2)) "
+"attributes with any other process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:91
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:113
msgid ""
"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_NEWIPC> flag. "
-"Unshare the System V IPC namespace, so that the calling process has a "
-"private copy of the System V IPC namespace which is not shared with any "
+"Unshare the System\\ V IPC namespace, so that the calling process has a "
+"private copy of the System\\ V IPC namespace which is not shared with any "
"other process. Specifying this flag automatically implies B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> "
"as well. Use of B<CLONE_NEWIPC> requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:105
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:128
msgid ""
"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_NEWNET> flag. "
"Unshare the network namespace, so that the calling process is moved into a "
"new network namespace which is not shared with any previously existing "
-"process. B<CLONE_NEWNET> requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
+"process. Use of B<CLONE_NEWNET> requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:105
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:128
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_NEWNS>"
msgstr ""
#. CLONE_FS, and CLONE_FILES reverse the action of the clone()
#. flags of the same name.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:126
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:149
msgid ""
"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_NEWNS> flag. "
"Unshare the mount namespace, so that the calling process has a private copy "
"requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:176
+msgid ""
+"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_NEWPID> flag. "
+"Unshare the PID namespace, so that the calling process has a new PID "
+"namespace for its children which is not shared with any previously existing "
+"process. The calling process is I<not> moved into the new namespace. The "
+"first child created by the calling process will have the process ID 1 and "
+"will assume the role of B<init>(1) in the new namespace. B<CLONE_NEWPID> "
+"automatically implies B<CLONE_THREAD> as well. Use of B<CLONE_NEWPID> "
+"requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability. For further information, see "
+"B<pid_namespaces>(7)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:190
+msgid ""
+"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_NEWUSER> flag. "
+"Unshare the user namespace, so that the calling process is moved into a new "
+"user namespace which is not shared with any previously existing process. As "
+"with the child process created by B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_NEWUSER> "
+"flag, the caller obtains a full set of capabilities in the new namespace."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. commit e66eded8309ebf679d3d3c1f5820d1f2ca332c71
+#. https://lwn.net/Articles/543273/
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:206
+msgid ""
+"B<CLONE_NEWUSER> requires that the calling process is not threaded; "
+"specifying B<CLONE_NEWUSER> automatically implies B<CLONE_THREAD>. Since "
+"Linux 3.9, B<CLONE_NEWUSER> also automatically implies B<CLONE_FS>. "
+"B<CLONE_NEWUSER> requires that the user ID and group ID of the calling "
+"process are mapped to user IDs and group IDs in the user namespace of the "
+"calling process at the time of the call."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:223
+msgid ""
+"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_NEWUTS> flag. "
+"Unshare the UTS IPC namespace, so that the calling process has a private "
+"copy of the UTS namespace which is not shared with any other process. Use "
+"of B<CLONE_NEWUTS> requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:126
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:223
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> (since Linux 2.6.26)"
msgstr ""
+#. commit 9edff4ab1f8d82675277a04e359d0ed8bf14a7b7
+#. CLONE_NEWNS If CLONE_SIGHAND is set and signals are also being shared
+#. (i.e., current->signal->count > 1), force CLONE_THREAD.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:140
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:243
msgid ""
"This flag reverses the effect of the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> flag. "
-"Unshare System V semaphore undo values, so that the calling process has a "
-"private copy which is not shared with any other process. Use of "
-"B<CLONE_SYSVSEM> requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
+"Unshare System\\ V semaphore adjustment (I<semadj>) values, so that the "
+"calling process has a new empty I<semadj> list that is not shared with any "
+"other process. If this is the last process that has a reference to the "
+"process's current I<semadj> list, then the adjustments in that list are "
+"applied to the corresponding semaphores, as described in B<semop>(2)."
msgstr ""
-#. As at 2.6.16, the following forced implications also apply,
+#. As at 3.9, the following forced implications also apply,
#. although the relevant flags are not yet implemented.
#. If CLONE_THREAD is set force CLONE_VM.
#. If CLONE_VM is set, force CLONE_SIGHAND.
-#. CLONE_NEWNSIf CLONE_SIGHAND is set and signals are also being shared
-#. (i.e., current->signal->count > 1), force CLONE_THREAD.
#
-#. FIXME . CLONE_VM is not (yet, as at 2.6.16) implemented.
-#. .TP
-#. .B CLONE_VM
-#. Reverse the effect of the
-#. .BR clone (2)
-#. .B CLONE_VM
-#. flag.
-#. .RB ( CLONE_VM
-#. is also implicitly set by
-#. .BR vfork (2),
-#. and can be reversed using this
-#. .BR unshare ()
-#. flag.)
-#. Unshare virtual memory, so that the calling process no
-#. longer shares its virtual address space with any other process.
+#. See kernel/fork.c::check_unshare_flags()
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:176
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:270
msgid ""
-"This flag has the same effect as the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_NEWUTS> flag. "
-"Unshare the UTS IPC namespace, so that the calling process has a private "
-"copy of the UTS namespace which is not shared with any other process. Use "
-"of B<CLONE_NEWUTS> requires the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
+"In addition, B<CLONE_THREAD>, B<CLONE_SIGHAND>, and B<CLONE_VM> can be "
+"specified in I<flags> if the caller is single threaded (i.e., it is not "
+"sharing its address space with another process or thread). In this case, "
+"these flags have no effect. (Note also that specifying B<CLONE_THREAD> "
+"automatically implies B<CLONE_VM>, and specifying B<CLONE_VM> automatically "
+"implies B<CLONE_SIGHAND>.) If the process is multithreaded, then the use of "
+"these flags results in an error."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:183
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:277
msgid ""
"If I<flags> is specified as zero, then B<unshare>() is a no-op; no changes "
"are made to the calling process's execution context."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:188
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:282
msgid ""
"On success, zero returned. On failure, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
"to indicate the error."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:193
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:287
msgid "An invalid bit was specified in I<flags>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:197
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:296
+msgid ""
+"B<CLONE_THREAD>, B<CLONE_SIGHAND>, or B<CLONE_VM> was specified in I<flags>, "
+"and the caller is multithreaded."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:300
msgid ""
"Cannot allocate sufficient memory to copy parts of caller's context that "
"need to be unshared."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:200
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:303
msgid "The calling process did not have the required privileges for this operation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:204
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:334
msgid "The B<unshare>() system call was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:208
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:338
msgid "The B<unshare>() system call is Linux-specific."
msgstr ""
+#. FIXME all of the following needs to be reviewed for the current kernel
#. However, we can do unshare(CLONE_SIGHAND) if CLONE_SIGHAND
#. was not specified when doing clone(); i.e., unsharing
#. signal handlers is permitted if we are not actually
#. sharing signal handlers. mtk
-#. FIXME . check future kernel versions (e.g., 2.6.17)
-#. to see if CLONE_VM gets implemented.
-#. However, as at 2.6.16, we can do unshare(CLONE_VM) if CLONE_VM
+#. However, we can do unshare(CLONE_VM) if CLONE_VM
#. was not specified when doing clone(); i.e., unsharing
#. virtual memory is permitted if we are not actually
#. sharing virtual memory. mtk
#. be incrementally added to unshare without affecting legacy
#. applications using unshare.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:244
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:372
msgid ""
"Not all of the process attributes that can be shared when a new process is "
"created using B<clone>(2) can be unshared using B<unshare>(). In "
-"particular, as at kernel 2.6.16, B<unshare>() does not implement flags that "
-"reverse the effects of B<CLONE_SIGHAND>, B<CLONE_SYSVSEM>, B<CLONE_THREAD>, "
-"or B<CLONE_VM>. Such functionality may be added in the future, if required."
+"particular, as at kernel 3.8, B<unshare>() does not implement flags that "
+"reverse the effects of B<CLONE_SIGHAND>, B<CLONE_THREAD>, or B<CLONE_VM>. "
+"Such functionality may be added in the future, if required."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:381
+msgid ""
+"The program below provides a simple implementation of the B<unshare>(1) "
+"command, which unshares one or more namespaces and executes the command "
+"supplied in its command-line arguments. Here's an example of the use of "
+"this program, running a shell in a new mount namespace, and verifying that "
+"the original shell and the new shell are in separate mount namespaces:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:390
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ B<readlink /proc/$$/ns/mnt>\n"
+"mnt:[4026531840]\n"
+"$ B<sudo ./unshare -m /bin/bash>\n"
+"[sudo] password for cecilia:\n"
+"# B<readlink /proc/$$/ns/mnt>\n"
+"mnt:[4026532325]\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:396
+msgid ""
+"The differing output of the two B<readlink>(1) commands shows that the two "
+"shells are in different mount namespaces."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:400
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "/* unshare.c\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:409
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" A simple implementation of the unshare(1) command: unshare\n"
+" namespaces and execute a command.\n"
+"*/\n"
+"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
+"#include E<lt>sched.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
+"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:412
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"/* A simple error-handling function: print an error message based\n"
+" on the value in \\(aqerrno\\(aq and terminate the calling process */\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:429
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"static void\n"
+"usage(char *pname)\n"
+"{\n"
+" fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s [options] program [arg...]\\en\", pname);\n"
+" fprintf(stderr, \"Options can be:\\en\");\n"
+" fprintf(stderr, \" -i unshare IPC namespace\\en\");\n"
+" fprintf(stderr, \" -m unshare mount namespace\\en\");\n"
+" fprintf(stderr, \" -n unshare network namespace\\en\");\n"
+" fprintf(stderr, \" -p unshare PID namespace\\en\");\n"
+" fprintf(stderr, \" -u unshare UTS namespace\\en\");\n"
+" fprintf(stderr, \" -U unshare user namespace\\en\");\n"
+" exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+"}\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:434
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"int\n"
+"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
+"{\n"
+" int flags, opt;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:436
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " flags = 0;\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:448
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, \"imnpuU\")) != -1) {\n"
+" switch (opt) {\n"
+" case \\(aqi\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWIPC; break;\n"
+" case \\(aqm\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWNS; break;\n"
+" case \\(aqn\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWNET; break;\n"
+" case \\(aqp\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWPID; break;\n"
+" case \\(aqu\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWUTS; break;\n"
+" case \\(aqU\\(aq: flags |= CLONE_NEWUSER; break;\n"
+" default: usage(argv[0]);\n"
+" }\n"
+" }\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:451
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" if (optind E<gt>= argc)\n"
+" usage(argv[0]);\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:454
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" if (unshare(flags) == -1)\n"
+" errExit(\"unshare\");\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:458
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" execvp(argv[optind], &argv[optind]);\n"
+" errExit(\"execvp\");\n"
+"}\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:467
+msgid ""
+"B<unshare>(1), B<clone>(2), B<fork>(2), B<kcmp>(2), B<setns>(2), "
+"B<vfork>(2), B<namespaces>(7)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:248
-msgid "B<clone>(2), B<fork>(2), B<vfork>(2), Documentation/unshare.txt"
+#: build/C/man2/unshare.2:470
+msgid "I<Documentation/unshare.txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
msgstr ""
OSDN Git Service
