# ソース tarball 入手と伸長
#------------------------------
$ cd ~/src
-$ wget -N https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/v2.37/util-linux-2.37.4.tar.xz
-$ tar xf util-linux-2.37.4.tar.xz
+$ wget -N https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/v2.38/util-linux-2.38.tar.xz
+$ tar xf util-linux-2.38.tar.xz
$ ls
-util-linux-2.37.4
+util-linux-2.38
#------------------------------
# man ページ生成
# setpriv 生成には libcap-ng 要
#------------------------------
-$ cd ~/src/util-linux-2.37.4
+$ cd ~/src/util-linux-2.38
# 全 man ページ生成のため、
# 以下の configure パラメーターが必要
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr \
$ cat > getfiles.sh <<"EOF"
#!/bin/sh
-SRCDIR=~/src/util-linux-2.37.4
+SRCDIR=~/src/util-linux-2.38
rm -fr man{1,3,5,8}
mkdir man{1,3,5,8}
.\" Title: cal
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "CAL" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "CAL" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-w\fP, \fB\-\-week\fP[=\fInumber\fP]
.RS 4
-Display week numbers in the calendar (US or ISO\-8601). See NOTES section for more details.
+Display week numbers in the calendar (US or ISO\-8601). See the \fBNOTES\fP section for more details.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-color\fP[=\fIwhen\fP]
Colorize the output. The optional argument \fIwhen\fP can be \fBauto\fP, \fBnever\fP or \fBalways\fP. If the \fIwhen\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fBauto\fP. The colors can be disabled; for the current built\-in default see the \fB\-\-help\fP output. See also the \fBCOLORS\fP section.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "PARAMETERS"
.sp
The week numbering depends on the choice of the first day of the week. If it is Sunday then the customary North American numbering is used, where 1 January is in week number 1. If it is Monday (\fB\-m\fP) then the ISO 8601 standard week numbering is used, where the first Thursday is in week number 1.
.SH "COLORS"
.sp
-Implicit coloring can be disabled as follows:
+The output colorization is implemented by \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) functionality.
+Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/cal.disable\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+for the \fBcal\fP command or for all tools by
.RS 3
.ll -.6i
.sp
-\fBtouch /etc/terminal\-colors.d/cal.disable\fP
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/disable\fP
.br
.RE
.ll
.sp
-See \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) for more details about colorization configuration.
+The user\-specific \fI$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/terminal\-colors.d\fP
+or \fI$HOME/.config/terminal\-colors.d\fP overrides the global setting.
+.sp
+Note that the output colorization may be enabled by default, and in this case
+\fIterminal\-colors.d\fP directories do not have to exist yet.
.SH "HISTORY"
.sp
A \fBcal\fP command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBcal\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: chfn
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "CHFN" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "CHFN" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Specify your home phone number.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-u\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-v\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "CONFIG FILE ITEMS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBchfn\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: choom
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "CHOOM" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "CHOOM" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBchoom\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: chrt
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "CHRT" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "CHRT" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Show status information.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "USAGE"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBchrt\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: chsh
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "CHSH" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "CHSH" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-v\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "VALID SHELLS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBchsh\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: col
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "COL" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "COL" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Output multiple spaces instead of tabs.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-H\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBcol\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: colcrt
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "COLCRT" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "COLCRT" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-2\fP, \fB\-\-half\-lines\fP
.RS 4
-Causes all half\-lines to be printed, effectively double spacing the output. Normally, a minimal space output format is used which will suppress empty lines. The program never suppresses two consecutive empty lines, however. The \fB\-2\fP option is useful for sending output to the line printer when the output contains superscripts and subscripts which would otherwise be invisible.
+Causes all half\-lines to be printed, effectively double spacing the output. Normally, a minimal space output format is used which will suppress empty lines. The program never suppresses two consecutive empty lines, however. The \fB\-2\fP option is useful for sending output to the line printer when the output contains superscripts and subscripts which would otherwise be partially invisible.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "HISTORY"
.sp
The \fBcolcrt\fP command appeared in 3.0BSD.
.SH "BUGS"
.sp
-Should fold underlines onto blanks even with the \fB\(aq\-\(aq\fP option so that a true underline character would show.
+Should fold underlines onto blanks even with the \fB\-\fP option so that a true underline character would show.
.sp
Can\(cqt back up more than 102 lines.
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBcolcrt\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: colrm
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "COLRM" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "COLRM" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Column numbering starts with column 1.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "HISTORY"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBcolrm\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: column
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-03-25
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "COLUMN" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "COLUMN" "1" "2022-03-25" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fBtable\fP
.RS 4
-Determine the number of columns the input contains and create a table. This mode is enabled by option \fB\-t, \-\-table\fP and columns formatting is possible to modify by \fB\-\-table\-\fP* options. Use this mode if not sure.
+Determine the number of columns the input contains and create a table. This mode is enabled by option \fB\-t, \-\-table\fP and columns formatting is possible to modify by \fB\-\-table\-\fP* options. Use this mode if not sure. The output is aligned to the terminal width in interactive mode and the 80 columns in non\-interactive mode (see \fB\-\-output\-width\fP for more details).
.RE
.sp
Input is taken from \fIfile\fP, or otherwise from standard input. Empty lines are ignored and all invalid multibyte sequences are encoded by x<hex> convention.
.sp
\fB\-c, \-\-output\-width\fP \fIwidth\fP
.RS 4
-Output is formatted to a width specified as number of characters. The original name of this option is \fB\-\-columns\fP; this name is deprecated since v2.30. Note that input longer than \fIwidth\fP is not truncated by default.
+Output is formatted to a width specified as number of characters. The original name of this option is \fB\-\-columns\fP; this name is deprecated since v2.30. Note that input longer than \fIwidth\fP is not truncated by default. The default is a terminal width and the 80 columns in non\-interactive mode. The column headers are never truncated.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-d, \-\-table\-noheadings\fP
Fill rows before filling columns.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h, \-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
The environment variable \fBCOLUMNS\fP is used to determine the size of the screen if no other information is available.
.SH "HISTORY"
.sp
-The column command appeared in 4.3BSD\-Reno.
+The \fBcolumn\fP command appeared in 4.3BSD\-Reno.
.SH "BUGS"
.sp
Version 2.23 changed the \fB\-s\fP option to be non\-greedy, for example:
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBcolumn\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: dmesg
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "DMESG" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "DMESG" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Enable human\-readable output. See also \fB\-\-color\fP, \fB\-\-reltime\fP and \fB\-\-nopager\fP.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-J\fP, \fB\-\-json\fP
+.RS 4
+Use JSON output format. The time output format is in "sec.usec" format only, log priority level is not decoded by default (use \fB\-\-decode\fP to split into facility and priority), the other options to control the output format or time format are silently ignored.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-k\fP, \fB\-\-kernel\fP
.RS 4
Print kernel messages.
Decode facility and level (priority) numbers to human\-readable prefixes.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "COLORS"
.sp
-Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file \fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/dmesg.disable\fP. See \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) for more details about colorization configuration.
+The output colorization is implemented by \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) functionality.
+Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/dmesg.disable\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+for the \fBdmesg\fP command or for all tools by
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/disable\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+The user\-specific \fI$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/terminal\-colors.d\fP
+or \fI$HOME/.config/terminal\-colors.d\fP overrides the global setting.
+.sp
+Note that the output colorization may be enabled by default, and in this case
+\fIterminal\-colors.d\fP directories do not have to exist yet.
.sp
The logical color names supported by \fBdmesg\fP are:
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBdmesg\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: eject
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "EJECT" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "EJECT" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
This option specifies that the drive should be ejected using a removable floppy disk eject command.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
-.RE
-.sp
\fB\-i\fP, \fB\-\-manualeject on\fP|\fBoff\fP
.RS 4
This option controls locking of the hardware eject button. When enabled, the drive will not be ejected when the button is pressed. This is useful when you are carrying a laptop in a bag or case and don\(cqt want it to eject if the button is inadvertently pressed.
.sp
\fB\-M\fP, \fB\-\-no\-partitions\-unmount\fP
.RS 4
-The option tells eject to not try to unmount other partitions on partitioned devices. If another partition is still mounted, the program will not attempt to eject the media. It will attempt to unmount only the device or mountpoint given on the command line.
+The option tells \fBeject\fP to not try to unmount other partitions on partitioned devices. If another partition is still mounted, the program will not attempt to eject the media. It will attempt to unmount only the device or mountpoint given on the command line.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-m\fP, \fB\-\-no\-unmount\fP
.RS 4
-The option tells eject to not try to unmount at all. If this option is not specified than \fBeject\fP opens the device with \fBO_EXCL\fP flag to be sure that the device is not used (since v2.35).
+The option tells \fBeject\fP to not try to unmount at all. If this option is not specified then \fBeject\fP opens the device with \fBO_EXCL\fP flag to be sure that the device is not used (since v2.35).
.RE
.sp
\fB\-n\fP, \fB\-\-noop\fP
With this option the drive is given a CD\-ROM tray close command. Not all devices support this command.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-v\fP, \fB\-\-verbose\fP
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBeject\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: fallocate
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FALLOCATE" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "FALLOCATE" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
\fBfallocate\fP \fB\-x\fP [\fB\-o\fP \fIoffset\fP] \fB\-l\fP \fIlength filename\fP
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.sp
-\fBfallocate\fP is used to manipulate the allocated disk space for a file, either to deallocate or preallocate it. For filesystems which support the fallocate system call, preallocation is done quickly by allocating blocks and marking them as uninitialized, requiring no IO to the data blocks. This is much faster than creating a file by filling it with zeroes.
+\fBfallocate\fP is used to manipulate the allocated disk space for a file, either to deallocate or preallocate it. For filesystems which support the \fBfallocate\fP(2) system call, preallocation is done quickly by allocating blocks and marking them as uninitialized, requiring no IO to the data blocks. This is much faster than creating a file by filling it with zeroes.
.sp
The exit status returned by \fBfallocate\fP is 0 on success and 1 on failure.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
Available since Linux 3.15 for ext4 (only for extent\-based files) and XFS.
.sp
-A filesystem may place limitations on the granularity of the operation, in order to ensure efficient implementation. Typically, offset and len must be a multiple of the filesystem logical block size, which varies according to the filesystem type and configuration. If a filesystem has such a requirement, the operation will fail with the error EINVAL if this requirement is violated.
+A filesystem may place limitations on the granularity of the operation, in order to ensure efficient implementation. Typically, \fIoffset\fP and \fIlength\fP must be a multiple of the filesystem logical block size, which varies according to the filesystem type and configuration. If a filesystem has such a requirement, the operation will fail with the error \fBEINVAL\fP if this requirement is violated.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-d\fP, \fB\-\-dig\-holes\fP
Available since Linux 3.14 for ext4 (only for extent\-based files) and XFS.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBfallocate\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: fincore
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FINCORE" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "FINCORE" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-b\fP, \fB\-\-bytes\fP
.RS 4
-Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
+Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
+.sp
+By default, the unit, sizes are expressed in, is byte, and unit prefixes are in
+power of 2^10 (1024). Abbreviations of symbols are exhibited truncated in order
+to reach a better readability, by exhibiting alone the first letter of them;
+examples: "1 KiB" and "1 MiB" are respectively exhibited as "1 K" and "1 M",
+then omitting on purpose the mention "iB", which is part of these abbreviations.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-o\fP, \fB\-\-output\fP \fIlist\fP
Use JSON output format.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBfincore\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: flock
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-03-25
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FLOCK" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "FLOCK" "1" "2022-03-25" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Report how long it took to acquire the lock, or why the lock could not be obtained.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
The command uses <sysexits.h> exit status values for everything, except when using either of the options \fB\-n\fP or \fB\-w\fP which report a failure to acquire the lock with an exit status given by the \fB\-E\fP option, or 1 by default. The exit status given by \fB\-E\fP has to be in the range of 0 to 255.
.sp
When using the \fIcommand\fP variant, and executing the child worked, then the exit status is that of the child command.
+.SH "NOTES"
+.sp
+\fBflock\fP does not detect deadlock. See \fBflock\fP(2) for details.
+.sp
+Some file systems (e. g. NFS and CIFS) have a limited implementation of \fBflock\fP(2) and flock may always fail. For details see \fBflock\fP(2), \fBnfs\fP(5) and \fBmount.cifs\fP(8). Depending on mount options, flock can always fail there.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.sp
Note that "shell> " in examples is a command line prompt.
.sp
shell1> flock /tmp \-c cat; shell2> flock \-w .007 /tmp \-c echo; /bin/echo $?
.RS 4
-Set exclusive lock to directory /tmp and the second command will fail.
+Set exclusive lock to directory \fI/tmp\fP and the second command will fail.
.RE
.sp
shell1> flock \-s /tmp \-c cat; shell2> flock \-s \-w .007 /tmp \-c echo; /bin/echo $?
.RS 4
-Set shared lock to directory /tmp and the second command will not fail. Notice that attempting to get exclusive lock with second command would fail.
+Set shared lock to directory \fI/tmp\fP and the second command will not fail. Notice that attempting to get exclusive lock with second command would fail.
.RE
.sp
shell> flock \-x local\-lock\-file echo \(aqa b c\(aq
(; flock \-n 9 || exit 1; # ... commands executed under lock ...; ) 9>/var/lock/mylockfile
.RS 4
The form is convenient inside shell scripts. The mode used to open the file doesn\(cqt matter to \fBflock\fP; using \fI>\fP or \fI>>\fP allows the lockfile to be created if it does not already exist, however, write permission is required. Using \fI<\fP requires that the file already exists but only read permission is required.
+.RE
.sp
-[ ${FLOCKER} != $0 ] && exec env FLOCKER="$0 flock \-en $0 $0 $@ ||
+[ "${FLOCKER}" != "$0" ] && exec env FLOCKER="$0" flock \-en "$0" "$0" "$@" || :
.RS 4
-This is useful boilerplate code for shell scripts. Put it at the top of the shell script you want to lock and it\(cqll automatically lock itself on the first run. If the env var \fB$FLOCKER\fP is not set to the shell script that is being run, then execute \fBflock\fP and grab an exclusive non\-blocking lock (using the script itself as the lock file) before re\-execing itself with the right arguments. It also sets the FLOCKER env var to the right value so it doesn\(cqt run again.
-.RE
+This is useful boilerplate code for shell scripts. Put it at the top of the shell script you want to lock and it\(cqll automatically lock itself on the first run. If the environment variable \fB$FLOCKER\fP is not set to the shell script that is being run, then execute \fBflock\fP and grab an exclusive non\-blocking lock (using the script itself as the lock file) before re\-execing itself with the right arguments. It also sets the \fBFLOCKER\fP environment variable to the right value so it doesn\(cqt run again.
.RE
.sp
shell> exec 4<>/var/lock/mylockfile; shell> flock \-n 4
.RS 4
-This form is convenient for locking a file without spawning a subprocess. The shell opens the lock file for reading and writing as file descriptor 4, then flock is used to lock the descriptor.
+This form is convenient for locking a file without spawning a subprocess. The shell opens the lock file for reading and writing as file descriptor 4, then \fBflock\fP is used to lock the descriptor.
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBflock\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: getopt
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "GETOPT" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "GETOPT" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.sp
\fBgetopt\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIparameters\fP
+.sp
\fBgetopt\fP [options] [\fB\-\-\fP] \fIoptstring\fP \fIparameters\fP
+.sp
\fBgetopt\fP [options] \fB\-o\fP|\fB\-\-options\fP \fIoptstring\fP [options] [\fB\-\-\fP] \fIparameters\fP
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.sp
.sp
The parameters \fBgetopt\fP is called with can be divided into two parts: options which modify the way \fBgetopt\fP will do the parsing (the \fIoptions\fP and the \fIoptstring\fP in the \fBSYNOPSIS\fP), and the parameters which are to be parsed (\fIparameters\fP in the \fBSYNOPSIS\fP). The second part will start at the first non\-option parameter that is not an option argument, or after the first occurrence of \(aq\fB\-\-\fP\(aq. If no \(aq\fB\-o\fP\(aq or \(aq\fB\-\-options\fP\(aq option is found in the first part, the first parameter of the second part is used as the short options string.
.sp
-If the environment variable \fBGETOPT_COMPATIBLE\fP is set, or if the first \fIparameter\fP is not an option (does not start with a \(aq\fB\-\fP\(aq, the first format in the \fBSYNOPSIS\fP), \fBgetopt\fP will generate output that is compatible with that of other versions of \fBgetopt\fP(1). It will still do parameter shuffling and recognize optional arguments (see section \fBCOMPATIBILITY\fP for more information).
+If the environment variable \fBGETOPT_COMPATIBLE\fP is set, or if the first \fIparameter\fP is not an option (does not start with a \(aq\fB\-\fP\(aq, the first format in the \fBSYNOPSIS\fP), \fBgetopt\fP will generate output that is compatible with that of other versions of \fBgetopt\fP(1). It will still do parameter shuffling and recognize optional arguments (see the \fBCOMPATIBILITY\fP section for more information).
.sp
Traditional implementations of \fBgetopt\fP(1) are unable to cope with whitespace and other (shell\-specific) special characters in arguments and non\-option parameters. To solve this problem, this implementation can generate quoted output which must once again be interpreted by the shell (usually by using the \fBeval\fP command). This has the effect of preserving those characters, but you must call \fBgetopt\fP in a way that is no longer compatible with other versions (the second or third format in the \fBSYNOPSIS\fP). To determine whether this enhanced version of \fBgetopt\fP(1) is installed, a special test option (\fB\-T\fP) can be used.
.SH "OPTIONS"
Allow long options to start with a single \(aq\fB\-\fP\(aq.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display help text and exit. No other output is generated.
-.RE
-.sp
\fB\-l\fP, \fB\-\-longoptions\fP \fIlongopts\fP
.RS 4
The long (multi\-character) options to be recognized. More than one option name may be specified at once, by separating the names with commas. This option may be given more than once, the \fIlongopts\fP are cumulative. Each long option name in \fIlongopts\fP may be followed by one colon to indicate it has a required argument, and by two colons to indicate it has an optional argument.
.sp
\fB\-o\fP, \fB\-\-options\fP \fIshortopts\fP
.RS 4
-The short (one\-character) options to be recognized. If this option is not found, the first parameter of \fBgetopt\fP that does not start with a \(aq\fB\-\fP\(aq (and is not an option argument) is used as the short options string. Each short option character in \fIshortopts\fP may be followed by one colon to indicate it has a required argument, and by two colons to indicate it has an optional argument. The first character of shortopts may be \(aq\fB+\fP\(aq or \(aq\fB\-\fP\(aq to influence the way options are parsed and output is generated (see section \fBSCANNING MODES\fP for details).
+The short (one\-character) options to be recognized. If this option is not found, the first parameter of \fBgetopt\fP that does not start with a \(aq\fB\-\fP\(aq (and is not an option argument) is used as the short options string. Each short option character in \fIshortopts\fP may be followed by one colon to indicate it has a required argument, and by two colons to indicate it has an optional argument. The first character of shortopts may be \(aq\fB+\fP\(aq or \(aq\fB\-\fP\(aq to influence the way options are parsed and output is generated (see the \fBSCANNING MODES\fP section for details).
.RE
.sp
\fB\-q\fP, \fB\-\-quiet\fP
.sp
\fB\-s\fP, \fB\-\-shell\fP \fIshell\fP
.RS 4
-Set quoting conventions to those of \fIshell\fP. If the \fB\-s\fP option is not given, the BASH conventions are used. Valid arguments are currently \(aq\fBsh\fP\(aq \(aq\fBbash\fP\(aq, \(aq\fBcsh\fP\(aq, and \(aq\fBtcsh\fP\(aq.
+Set quoting conventions to those of \fIshell\fP. If the \fB\-s\fP option is not given, the \fBBASH\fP conventions are used. Valid arguments are currently \(aq\fBsh\fP\(aq, \(aq\fBbash\fP\(aq, \(aq\fBcsh\fP\(aq, and \(aq\fBtcsh\fP\(aq.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-T\fP, \fB\-\-test\fP
Do not quote the output. Note that whitespace and special (shell\-dependent) characters can cause havoc in this mode (like they do with other \fBgetopt\fP(1) implementations).
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit. No other output is generated.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "PARSING"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBgetopt\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: hardlink
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-03-25
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "HARDLINK" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "HARDLINK" "1" "2022-03-25" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
\fBhardlink\fP [options] [\fIdirectory\fP|\fIfile\fP]...
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.sp
-\fBhardlink\fP is a tool which replaces copies of a file with hardlinks, therefore saving space.
+\fBhardlink\fP is a tool that replaces copies of a file with either hardlinks
+or copy\-on\-write clones, thus saving space.
+.sp
+\fBhardlink\fP first creates a binary tree of file sizes and then compares
+the content of files that have the same size. There are two basic content
+comparison methods. The \fBmemcmp\fP method directly reads data blocks from
+files and compares them. The other method is based on checksums (like SHA256);
+in this case for each data block a checksum is calculated by the Linux kernel
+crypto API, and this checksum is stored in userspace and used for file
+comparisons.
+.sp
+For each file also an "intro" buffer (32 bytes) is cached. This buffer is used
+independently from the comparison method and requested cache\-size and io\-size.
+The "intro" buffer dramatically reduces operations with data content as files
+are very often different from the beginning.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-print quick usage details to the screen.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-v\fP, \fB\-\-verbose\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-More verbose output. If specified once, every hardlinked file is displayed, if specified twice, it also shows every comparison.
+Print version and exit.
+If specified once, every hardlinked file is displayed, if specified twice, it also shows every comparison.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-q\fP, \fB\-\-quiet\fP
Do not act, just print what would happen.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-y\fP, \fB\-\-method\fP \fIname\fP
+.RS 4
+Set the file content comparison method. The currently supported methods are
+sha256, sha1, crc32c and memcmp. The default is sha256, or memcmp if Linux
+Crypto API is not available. The methods based on checksums are implemented in
+zero\-copy way, in this case file contents are not copied to the userspace and all
+calculation is done in kernel.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-\-reflink\fP[=\fIwhen\fP]
+.RS 4
+Create copy\-on\-write clones (aka reflinks) rather than hardlinks. The reflinked files
+share only on\-disk data, but the file mode and owner can be different. It\(cqs recommended
+to use it with \fB\-\-ignore\-owner\fP and \fB\-\-ignore\-mode\fP options. This option implies
+\fB\-\-skip\-reflinks\fP to ignore already cloned files.
+.sp
+The optional argument \fIwhen\fP can be \fBnever\fP, \fBalways\fP, or \fBauto\fP. If the \fIwhen\fP argument
+is omitted, it defaults to \fBauto\fP, in this case, \fBhardlink\fP checks filesystem type and
+uses reflinks on BTRFS and XFS only, and fallback to hardlinks when creating reflink is impossible.
+The argument \fBalways\fP disables filesystem type detection and fallback to hardlinks, in this case,
+only reflinks are allowed.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-\-skip\-reflinks\fP
+.RS 4
+Ignore already cloned files. This option may be used without \fB\-\-reflink\fP when creating classic hardlinks.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-f\fP, \fB\-\-respect\-name\fP
.RS 4
-Only try to link files with the same (basename). It\(cqs strongly recommended to use long options rather than \fB\-f\fP which is interpreted in a different way by others \fBhardlink\fP implementations.
+Only try to link files with the same (base)name. It\(cqs strongly recommended to use long options rather than \fB\-f\fP which is interpreted in a different way by other \fBhardlink\fP implementations.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-ignore\-mode\fP
.RS 4
-Link/compare files even if their mode is different. This may be a bit unpredictable.
+Link and compare files even if their mode is different. Results may be slightly unpredictable.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-o\fP, \fB\-\-ignore\-owner\fP
.RS 4
-Link/compare files even if their owner (user and group) is different. It is not predictable.
+Link and compare files even if their owner information (user and group) differs. Results may be unpredictable.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-t\fP, \fB\-\-ignore\-time\fP
.RS 4
-Link/compare files even if their time of modification is different. You almost always want this.
+Link and compare files even if their time of modification is different. This is usually a good choice.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-X\fP, \fB\-\-respect\-xattrs\fP
.RS 4
The minimum size to consider. By default this is 1, so empty files will not be linked. The \fIsize\fP argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB").
.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-S\fP, \fB\-\-maximum\-size\fP \fIsize\fP
+.RS 4
+The maximum size to consider. By default this is 0 and 0 has the special meaning of unlimited. The \fIsize\fP argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB").
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-b\fP, \fB\-\-io\-size\fP \fIsize\fP
+.RS 4
+The size of the \fBread\fP(2) or \fBsendfile\fP(2) buffer used when comparing file contents.
+The \fIsize\fP argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB, MiB,
+etc. The "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB". The
+default is 8KiB for memcmp method and 1MiB for the other methods. The only
+memcmp method uses process memory for the buffer, other methods use zero\-copy
+way and I/O operation is done in the kernel. The size may be altered on the fly
+to fit a number of cached content checksums.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-r\fP, \fB\-\-cache\-size\fP \fIsize\fP
+.RS 4
+The size of the cache for content checksums. All non\-memcmp methods calculate checksum for each
+file content block (see \fB\-\-io\-size\fP), these checksums are cached for the next comparison. The
+size is important for large files or a large sets of files of the same size. The default is
+10MiB.
+.RE
.SH "ARGUMENTS"
.sp
\fBhardlink\fP takes one or more directories which will be searched for files to be linked.
.SH "BUGS"
.sp
-The original \fBhardlink\fP implementation uses the option \fB\-f\fP to force hardlinks creation between filesystem. This very rarely usable feature is no more supported by the current hardlink.
+The original \fBhardlink\fP implementation uses the option \fB\-f\fP to force hardlinks creation between filesystem. This very rarely usable feature is no more supported by the current \fBhardlink\fP.
.sp
-\fBhardlink\fP assumes that the trees it operates on do not change during operation. If a tree does change, the result is undefined and potentially dangerous. For example, if a regular file is replaced by a device, hardlink may start reading from the device. If a component of a path is replaced by a symbolic link or file permissions change, security may be compromised. Do not run hardlink on a changing tree or on a tree controlled by another user.
+\fBhardlink\fP assumes that the trees it operates on do not change during operation. If a tree does change, the result is undefined and potentially dangerous. For example, if a regular file is replaced by a device, \fBhardlink\fP may start reading from the device. If a component of a path is replaced by a symbolic link or file permissions change, security may be compromised. Do not run \fBhardlink\fP on a changing tree or on a tree controlled by another user.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.sp
There are multiple \fBhardlink\fP implementations. The very first implementation is from Jakub Jelinek for Fedora distribution, this implementation has been used in util\-linux between versions v2.34 to v2.36. The current implementations is based on Debian version from Julian Andres Klode.
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBhardlink\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: hexdump
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "HEXDUMP" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "HEXDUMP" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-C\fP, \fB\-\-canonical\fP
.RS 4
-\fICanonical hex+ASCII display\fP. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed by sixteen space\-separated, two\-column, hexadecimal bytes, followed by the same sixteen bytes in \fB%_p\fP format enclosed in \(aq\fB|\fP\(aq characters. Invoking the program as \fBhd\fP implies this option.
+\fICanonical hex+ASCII display\fP. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed by sixteen space\-separated, two\-column, hexadecimal bytes, followed by the same sixteen bytes in \fB%_p\fP format enclosed in \fB|\fP characters. Invoking the program as \fBhd\fP implies this option.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-d\fP, \fB\-\-two\-bytes\-decimal\fP
\fITwo\-byte hexadecimal display\fP. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed by eight space\-separated, four\-column, zero\-filled, two\-byte quantities of input data, in hexadecimal, per line.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.sp
For each input file, \fBhexdump\fP sequentially copies the input to standard output, transforming the data according to the format strings specified by the \fB\-e\fP and \fB\-f\fP options, in the order that they were specified.
.sp
If an iteration count and/or a byte count is specified, a single slash must be placed after the iteration count and/or before the byte count to disambiguate them. Any whitespace before or after the slash is ignored.
.sp
-The format is required and must be surrounded by double quote (" ") marks. It is interpreted as a fprintf\-style format string (see \fBfprintf\fP(3), with the following exceptions:
+The format is required and must be surrounded by double quote (" ") marks. It is interpreted as a fprintf\-style format string (see \fBfprintf\fP(3)), with the following exceptions:
.sp
1.
.RS 4
.sp
2.
.RS 4
-A byte count or field precision \fIis\fP required for each \fBs\fP conversion character (unlike the fprintf3 default which prints the entire string if the precision is unspecified).
+A byte count or field precision \fIis\fP required for each \fBs\fP conversion character (unlike the \fBfprintf\fP(3) default which prints the entire string if the precision is unspecified).
.RE
.sp
3.
.sp
\fB_A[dox]\fP
.RS 4
-Identical to the \fB_a\fP conversion string except that it is only performed once, when all of the input data has been processed.
+Almost identical to the \fB_a\fP conversion string except that it is only performed once, when all of the input data has been processed.
.RE
.sp
\fB_c\fP
.ll
.SS "Colors"
.sp
-When put at the end of a format specifier, hexdump highlights the respective string with the color specified. Conditions, if present, are evaluated prior to highlighting.
+When put at the end of a format specifier, \fBhexdump\fP highlights the respective string with the color specified. Conditions, if present, are evaluated prior to highlighting.
.sp
\fB_L[color_unit_1,color_unit_2,...,color_unit_n]\fP
.sp
.sp
\fBVALUE\fP
.RS 4
-A value to be matched specified in hexadecimal, or octal base, or as a string. Please note that the usual C escape sequences are not interpreted by hexdump inside the color_units.
+A value to be matched specified in hexadecimal, or octal base, or as a string. Please note that the usual C escape sequences are not interpreted by \fBhexdump\fP inside the color_units.
.RE
.sp
\fBOFFSET\fP
.if n .RE
.SH "COLORS"
.sp
-Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file \fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/hexdump.disable\fP.
+The output colorization is implemented by \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) functionality.
+Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/hexdump.disable\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+for the \fBhexdump\fP command or for all tools by
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/disable\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+The user\-specific \fI$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/terminal\-colors.d\fP
+or \fI$HOME/.config/terminal\-colors.d\fP overrides the global setting.
.sp
-See \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) for more details about colorization configuration.
+Note that the output colorization may be enabled by default, and in this case
+\fIterminal\-colors.d\fP directories do not have to exist yet.
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBhexdump\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: ionice
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "IONICE" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "IONICE" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Ignore failure to set the requested priority. If \fIcommand\fP was specified, run it even in case it was not possible to set the desired scheduling priority, which can happen due to insufficient privileges or an old kernel version.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-u\fP, \fB\-\-uid\fP \fIUID\fP...
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Specify the user IDs of running processes for which to get or set the scheduling parameters.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-u\fP, \fB\-\-uid\fP \fIUID\fP...
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Specify the user IDs of running processes for which to get or set the scheduling parameters.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBionice\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: ipcmk
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "IPCMK" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "IPCMK" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Access permissions for the resource. Default is 0644.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBipcmk\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: ipcrm
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "IPCRM" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "IPCRM" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Remove the semaphore identified by \fIsemid\fP.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBipcrm\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: ipcs
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "IPCS" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "IPCS" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SS "Resource options"
.sp
.sp
\fB\-b\fP, \fB\-\-bytes\fP
.RS 4
-Print sizes in bytes.
+Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
+.sp
+By default, the unit, sizes are expressed in, is byte, and unit prefixes are in
+power of 2^10 (1024). Abbreviations of symbols are exhibited truncated in order
+to reach a better readability, by exhibiting alone the first letter of them;
+examples: "1 KiB" and "1 MiB" are respectively exhibited as "1 K" and "1 M",
+then omitting on purpose the mention "iB", which is part of these abbreviations.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-human\fP
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBipcs\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: irqtop
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "IRQTOP" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "IRQTOP" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Specify which output columns to print. Use \fB\-\-help\fP to get a list of all supported columns. The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in the format \fI+list\fP.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-c\fP, \fB\-\-cpu\-stat\fP \fImode\fP
+.RS 4
+Show per\-cpu statistics by specified mode. Available modes are: \fBauto\fP, \fBenable\fP, \fBdisable\fP. The default option \fBauto\fP detects the width of window, then shows the per\-cpu statistics if the width of window is large enouth to show a full line of statistics.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-d\fP, \fB\-\-delay\fP \fIseconds\fP
.RS 4
Update interrupt output every \fIseconds\fP intervals.
Show softirqs information.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "INTERACTIVE MODE KEY COMMANDS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBirqtop\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: kill
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "KILL" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "KILL" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
kill \- terminate a process
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.sp
-\fBkill\fP [\-signal|\fB\-s\fP \fIsignal\fP|\fB\-p\fP] [\fB\-q\fP \fIvalue\fP] [\fB\-a\fP] [\fB\-\-timeout\fP \fImilliseconds\fP \fIsignal\fP] [\fB\-\-\fP] \fIpid\fP|\fIname\fP...
+\fBkill\fP [\fB\-\fP\fIsignal\fP|\fB\-s\fP \fIsignal\fP|\fB\-p\fP] [\fB\-q\fP \fIvalue\fP] [\fB\-a\fP] [\fB\-\-timeout\fP \fImilliseconds\fP \fIsignal\fP] [\fB\-\-\fP] \fIpid\fP|\fIname\fP...
.sp
\fBkill\fP \fB\-l\fP [\fInumber\fP] | \fB\-L\fP
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.sp
The command \fBkill\fP sends the specified \fIsignal\fP to the specified processes or process groups.
.sp
-If no signal is specified, the TERM signal is sent. The default action for this signal is to terminate the process. This signal should be used in preference to the KILL signal (number 9), since a process may install a handler for the TERM signal in order to perform clean\-up steps before terminating in an orderly fashion. If a process does not terminate after a TERM signal has been sent, then the KILL signal may be used; be aware that the latter signal cannot be caught, and so does not give the target process the opportunity to perform any clean\-up before terminating.
+If no signal is specified, the \fBTERM\fP signal is sent. The default action for this signal is to terminate the process. This signal should be used in preference to the \fBKILL\fP signal (number 9), since a process may install a handler for the TERM signal in order to perform clean\-up steps before terminating in an orderly fashion. If a process does not terminate after a \fBTERM\fP signal has been sent, then the \fBKILL\fP signal may be used; be aware that the latter signal cannot be caught, and so does not give the target process the opportunity to perform any clean\-up before terminating.
.sp
Most modern shells have a builtin \fBkill\fP command, with a usage rather similar to that of the command described here. The \fB\-\-all\fP, \fB\-\-pid\fP, and \fB\-\-queue\fP options, and the possibility to specify processes by command name, are local extensions.
.sp
.sp
The \fB\-\-timeout\fP option can be specified multiple times: the signals are sent sequentially with the specified timeouts. The \fB\-\-timeout\fP option can be combined with the \fB\-\-queue\fP option.
.sp
-As an example, the following command sends the signals QUIT, TERM and KILL in sequence and waits for 1000 milliseconds between sending the signals:
+As an example, the following command sends the signals \fBQUIT\fP, \fBTERM\fP and \fBKILL\fP in sequence and waits for 1000 milliseconds between sending the signals:
.sp
.if n .RS 4
.nf
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBkill\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: last
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-03-02
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LAST" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "LAST" "1" "2022-03-02" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fBlast\fP searches back through the \fI/var/log/wtmp\fP file (or the file designated by the \fB\-f\fP option) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created. One or more \fIusernames\fP and/or \fIttys\fP can be given, in which case \fBlast\fP will show only the entries matching those arguments. Names of \fIttys\fP can be abbreviated, thus \fBlast 0\fP is the same as \fBlast tty0\fP.
.sp
-When catching a \fBSIGINT\fP signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control\-C) or a SIGQUIT signal, \fBlast\fP will show how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the \fBSIGINT\fP signal \fBlast\fP will then terminate.
+When catching a \fBSIGINT\fP signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control\-C) or a \fBSIGQUIT\fP signal, \fBlast\fP will show how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the \fBSIGINT\fP signal \fBlast\fP will then terminate.
.sp
The pseudo user \fBreboot\fP logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus \fBlast reboot\fP will show a log of all the reboots since the log file was created.
.sp
.RS 4
Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
.SH "TIME FORMATS"
.sp
The options that take the \fItime\fP argument understand the following formats:
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
The files \fIwtmp\fP and \fIbtmp\fP might not be found. The system only logs information in these files if they are present. This is a local configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be created with a simple \fBtouch\fP(1) command (for example, \fBtouch /var/log/wtmp\fP).
+.sp
+An empty entry is a valid type of wtmp entry. It means that an empty file or file with zeros is not interpreted as an error.
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.MTO "miquels\(atcistron.nl" "Miquel van Smoorenburg" ""
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlast\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LINE" "1" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "LINE" "1" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBline\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: logger
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LOGGER" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "LOGGER" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-\-journald\fP[\fB=\fP\fIfile\fP]
.RS 4
-Write a systemd journal entry. The entry is read from the given \fIfile\fP, when specified, otherwise from standard input. Each line must begin with a field that is accepted by journald; see \fBsystemd.journal\-fields\fP(7) for details. The use of a MESSAGE_ID field is generally a good idea, as it makes finding entries easy. Examples:
+Write a \fBsystemd\fP journal entry. The entry is read from the given \fIfile\fP, when specified, otherwise from standard input. Each line must begin with a field that is accepted by \fBjournald\fP; see \fBsystemd.journal\-fields\fP(7) for details. The use of a MESSAGE_ID field is generally a good idea, as it makes finding entries easy. Examples:
.RE
.RS 3
.ll -.6i
.sp
\fB\-\-no\-act\fP
.RS 4
-Causes everything to be done except for writing the log message to the system log, and removing the connection or the journal. This option can be used together with \fB\-\-stderr\fP for testing purposes.
+Causes everything to be done except for writing the log message to the system log, and removing the connection to the journal. This option can be used together with \fB\-\-stderr\fP for testing purposes.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-octet\-count\fP
.sp
\fB\-P\fP, \fB\-\-port\fP \fIport\fP
.RS 4
-Use the specified \fIport\fP. When this option is not specified, the port defaults to syslog for udp and to syslog\-conn for tcp connections.
+Use the specified \fIport\fP. When this option is not specified, the port defaults to \fBsyslog\fP for udp and to \fBsyslog\-conn\fP for tcp connections.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-priority\fP \fIpriority\fP
.RS 4
Specifies a structured data element ID for an RFC 5424 message header. The option has to be used before \fB\-\-sd\-param\fP to introduce a new element. The number of structured data elements is unlimited. The ID (\fIname\fP plus possibly \fB@\fP\fIdigits\fP) is case\-sensitive and uniquely identifies the type and purpose of the element. The same ID must not exist more than once in a message. The \fB@\fP\fIdigits\fP part is required for user\-defined non\-standardized IDs.
.sp
-\fBlogger\fP currently generates the \fBtimeQuality\fP standardized element only. RFC 5424 also describes the elements \fBorigin\fP (with parameters ip, enterpriseId, software and swVersion) and \fBmeta\fP (with parameters sequenceId, sysUpTime and language). These element IDs may be specified without the \fB@\fP\fIdigits\fP suffix.
+\fBlogger\fP currently generates the \fBtimeQuality\fP standardized element only. RFC 5424 also describes the elements \fBorigin\fP (with parameters \fBip\fP, \fBenterpriseId\fP, \fBsoftware\fP and \fBswVersion\fP) and \fBmeta\fP (with parameters \fBsequenceId\fP, \fBsysUpTime\fP and \fBlanguage\fP). These element IDs may be specified without the \fB@\fP\fIdigits\fP suffix.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-sd\-param\fP \fIname\fP=\fIvalue\fP
.sp
\fB\-\-socket\-errors\fP[\fB=\fP\fImode\fP]
.RS 4
-Print errors about Unix socket connections. The \fImode\fP can be a value of \fBoff\fP, \fBon\fP, or \fBauto\fP. When the mode is \fBauto\fP, then \fBlogger\fP will detect if the init process is \fBsystemd\fP(1), and if so assumption is made \fI/dev/log\fP can be used early at boot. Other init systems lack of \fI/dev/log\fP will not cause errors that is identical with messaging using \fBopenlog\fP(3) system call. The \fBlogger\fP(1) before version 2.26 used openlog, and hence was unable to detected loss of messages sent to Unix sockets.
+Print errors about Unix socket connections. The \fImode\fP can be a value of \fBoff\fP, \fBon\fP, or \fBauto\fP. When the mode is \fBauto\fP, then \fBlogger\fP will detect if the init process is \fBsystemd\fP(1), and if so assumption is made \fI/dev/log\fP can be used early at boot. Other init systems lack of \fI/dev/log\fP will not cause errors that is identical with messaging using \fBopenlog\fP(3) system call. The \fBlogger\fP(1) before version 2.26 used \fBopenlog\fP(3), and hence was unable to detected loss of messages sent to Unix sockets.
.sp
The default mode is \fBauto\fP. When errors are not enabled lost messages are not communicated and will result to successful exit status of \fBlogger\fP(1) invocation.
.RE
End the argument list. This allows the \fImessage\fP to start with a hyphen (\-).
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlogger\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: login
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LOGIN" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "LOGIN" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fBlogin\fP is used when signing onto a system. If no argument is given, \fBlogin\fP prompts for the username.
.sp
-The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a number of password failures are permitted before \fBlogin\fP exits and the communications link is severed. See \fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fP in CONFIG FILE ITEMS section.
+The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a number of password failures are permitted before \fBlogin\fP exits and the communications link is severed. See \fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fP in the \fBCONFIG FILE ITEMS\fP section.
.sp
If password aging has been enabled for the account, the user may be prompted for a new password before proceeding. In such case old password must be provided and the new password entered before continuing. Please refer to \fBpasswd\fP(1) for more information.
.sp
.sp
The environment variable \fB$TERM\fP will be preserved, if it exists, else it will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty. Other environment variables are preserved if the \fB\-p\fP option is given.
.sp
+The environment variables defined by PAM are always preserved.
+.sp
Then the user\(cqs shell is started. If no shell is specified for the user in \fI/etc/passwd\fP, then \fI/bin/sh\fP is used. If there is no home directory specified in \fI/etc/passwd\fP, then \fI/\fP is used, followed by \fI.hushlogin\fP check as described below.
.sp
If the file \fI.hushlogin\fP exists, then a "quiet" login is performed. This disables the checking of mail and the printing of the last login time and message of the day. Otherwise, if \fI/var/log/lastlog\fP exists, the last login time is printed, and the current login is recorded.
Used by other servers (for example, \fBtelnetd\fP(8)) to tell \fBlogin\fP that printing the hostname should be suppressed in the login: prompt. See also \fBLOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT\fP below.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "CONFIG FILE ITEMS"
.sp
-\fBlogin\fP reads the \fI/etc/login.defs\fP configuration file (see login.defs(5)). Note that the configuration file could be distributed with another package (usually shadow\-utils). The following configuration items are relevant for \fBlogin\fP:
+\fBlogin\fP reads the \fI/etc/login.defs\fP configuration file (see \fBlogin.defs\fP(5)). Note that the configuration file could be distributed with another package (usually shadow\-utils). The following configuration items are relevant for \fBlogin\fP:
.sp
\fBMOTD_FILE\fP (string)
.RS 4
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlogin\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: look
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LOOK" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "LOOK" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
\fBlook\fP [options] \fIstring\fP [\fIfile\fP]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.sp
-The \fBlook\fP utility displays any lines in \fIfile\fP which contain \fIstring\fP. As \fBlook\fP performs a binary search, the lines in \fIfile\fP must be sorted (where \fBsort\fP(1) was given the same options \fB\-d\fP and/or \fB\-f\fP that \fBlook\fP is invoked with).
+The \fBlook\fP utility displays any lines in \fIfile\fP which contain \fIstring\fP as a prefix. As \fBlook\fP performs a binary search, the lines in \fIfile\fP must be sorted (where \fBsort\fP(1) was given the same options \fB\-d\fP and/or \fB\-f\fP that \fBlook\fP is invoked with).
.sp
If \fIfile\fP is not specified, the file \fI/usr/share/dict/words\fP is used, only alphanumeric characters are compared and the case of alphabetic characters is ignored.
.SH "OPTIONS"
Specify a string termination character, i.e., only the characters in \fIstring\fP up to and including the first occurrence of \fIcharacter\fP are compared.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.sp
The \fBlook\fP utility exits 0 if one or more lines were found and displayed, 1 if no lines were found, and >1 if an error occurred.
.sp
\fBWORDLIST\fP
.RS 4
-Path to a dictionary file. The environment variable has greater priority than the dictionary path defined in FILES segment.
+Path to a dictionary file. The environment variable has greater priority than the dictionary path defined in the \fBFILES\fP segment.
.RE
.SH "FILES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlook\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: lscpu
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LSCPU" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "LSCPU" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
\fB\-B\fP, \fB\-\-bytes\fP
.RS 4
Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
+.sp
+By default, the unit, sizes are expressed in, is byte, and unit prefixes are in
+power of 2^10 (1024). Abbreviations of symbols are exhibited truncated in order
+to reach a better readability, by exhibiting alone the first letter of them;
+examples: "1 KiB" and "1 MiB" are respectively exhibited as "1 K" and "1 M",
+then omitting on purpose the mention "iB", which is part of these abbreviations.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-b\fP, \fB\-\-online\fP
.sp
If the \fIlist\fP argument is omitted, all columns for which data is available are included in the command output.
.sp
-When specifying the \fIlist\fP argument, the string of option, equal sign (=), and \fIlist\fP must not contain any blanks or other whitespace. Examples: \(aq\fB\-C=NAME,ONE\-SIZE\fP\(aq or \(aq\fB\-\-caches=NAME,ONE\-SIZE\fP\(aq.
+When specifying the \fIlist\fP argument, the string of option, equal sign (=), and \fIlist\fP must not contain any blanks or other whitespace. Examples: \fB\-C=NAME,ONE\-SIZE\fP or \fB\-\-caches=NAME,ONE\-SIZE\fP.
.sp
-The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in the format +list (e.g., lscpu \-C=+ALLOC\-POLICY).
+The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in the format +list (e.g., \fBlscpu \-C=+ALLOC\-POLICY\fP).
.RE
.sp
\fB\-c\fP, \fB\-\-offline\fP
The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in the format +list (e.g., lscpu \-e=+MHZ).
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
-.RE
-.sp
\fB\-J\fP, \fB\-\-json\fP
.RS 4
Use JSON output format for the default summary or extended output (see \fB\-\-extended\fP).
The CPU logical numbers are not affected by this option.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
-.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
-.RE
-.sp
\fB\-\-output\-all\fP
.RS 4
Output all available columns. This option must be combined with either \fB\-\-extended\fP, \fB\-\-parse\fP or \fB\-\-caches\fP.
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlscpu\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
--- /dev/null
+'\" t
+.\" Title: lsfd
+.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
+.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
+.\" Manual: User Commands
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
+.\" Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "LSFD" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el .ds Aq '
+.ss \n[.ss] 0
+.nh
+.ad l
+.de URL
+\fI\\$2\fP <\\$1>\\$3
+..
+.als MTO URL
+.if \n[.g] \{\
+. mso www.tmac
+. am URL
+. ad l
+. .
+. am MTO
+. ad l
+. .
+. LINKSTYLE blue R < >
+.\}
+.SH "NAME"
+lsfd \- list file descriptors
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.sp
+\fBlsfd\fP [option]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.sp
+\fBlsfd\fP is intended to be a modern replacement for \fBlsof\fP(8) on Linux systems.
+Unlike \fBlsof\fP, \fBlsfd\fP is specialized to Linux kernel; it supports Linux
+specific features like namespaces with simpler code. \fBlsfd\fP is not a
+drop\-in replacement for \fBlsof\fP; they are different in the command line
+interface and output formats.
+.sp
+\fBlsfd\fP uses Libsmartcols for output formatting and filtering. See the description of \fB\-\-output\fP
+option for customizing the output format, and \fB\-\-filter\fP option for filtering.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.sp
+\fB\-l\fP, \fB\-\-threads\fP
+.RS 4
+List in threads level.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-J\fP, \fB\-\-json\fP
+.RS 4
+Use JSON output format.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-n\fP, \fB\-\-noheadings\fP
+.RS 4
+Don\(cqt print headings.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-o\fP, \fB\-\-output\fP \fIlist\fP
+.RS 4
+Specify which output columns to print. See the \fBOUTPUT COLUMNS\fP
+section for details of available columns.
+.sp
+The default list of columns may be extended if \fIlist\fP is specified in
+the format \fI+list\fP (e.g., \fBlsfd \-o +DELETED\fP).
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-r\fP, \fB\-\-raw\fP
+.RS 4
+Use raw output format.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-\-notruncate\fP
+.RS 4
+Don\(cqt truncate text in columns.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-pid\fP \fIpids\fP
+.RS 4
+Collect information only for specified processes.
+\fIpids\fP is a list of pids. A comma or whitespaces can be used as separators.
+You can use this option with \fBpidof\fP(1). See \fBFILTER EXAMPLES\fP.
+.sp
+Both \fB\-Q\fP option with an expression including PID, e.g. \-Q (PID == 1),
+and \fB\-p\fP option, e.g. \-p 1, may print the same output but using \fB\-p\fP
+option is much more efficient because \fB\-p\fP option works at a much earlier
+stage of processing than the \fB\-Q\fP option.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-Q\fP, \fB\-\-filter\fP \fIexpr\fP
+.RS 4
+Print only the files matching the condition represented by the \fIexpr\fP.
+See also \fBFILTER EXAMPLES\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-C\fP, \fB\-\-counter\fP \fIlabel\fP:\fIfilter_expr\fP
+.RS 4
+Define a custom counter used in \fB\-\-summary\fP output. \fBlsfd\fP makes a
+counter named \fIlabel\fP. During collect information, \fBlsfd\fP counts files
+matching \fIfilter_expr\fP, and stores the counted number to the
+counter named \fIlabel\fP. \fBlsfd\fP applies filters defined with \fB\-\-filter\fP
+options before counting; files excluded by the filters are not counted.
+.sp
+See \fBFILTER EXPRESSION\fP about \fIfilter_expr\fP.
+\fIlabel\fP should not include \fI{\fP nor \fI:\fP. You can define multiple
+counters by specifying this option multiple times.
+.sp
+See also \fBCOUNTER EXAMPLES\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-\-summary\fP[=\fIwhen\fP]
+.RS 4
+This option controls summary lines output. The optional argument \fIwhen\fP
+can be \fBonly\fP, \fBappend\fP or \fBnever\fP. If the \fIwhen\fP argument is omitted,
+it defaults to \fBonly\fP.
+.sp
+The summary reports counters. A counter consists of a label and an
+integer value. \fB\-\-counter\fP is the option for defining a counter. If
+a user defines no counter, \fBlsfd\fP uses the definitions of pre\-defined
+built\-in counters (default counters) to make the summary output.
+.sp
+CAUTION: Using \fB\-\-summary\fP and \fB\-\-json\fP may make the output broken. Only combining \fB\-\-summary\fP=\fBonly\fP and \fB\-\-json\fP is valid.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-\-debug\-filter\fP
+.RS 4
+Dump the internal data structure for the filter and exit. This is useful
+only for \fBlsfd\fP developers.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-\-dump\-counters\fP
+.RS 4
+Dump the definition of counters used in \fB\-\-summary\fP output.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
+.SH "OUTPUT COLUMNS"
+.sp
+Each column has a type. Types are surround by < and >.
+.sp
+CAUTION: The names and types of columns are not stable yet.
+They may be changed in the future releases.
+.sp
+ASSOC <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Association between file and process.
+.RE
+.sp
+BLKDRV <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Block device driver name resolved by \fI/proc/devices\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
+CHRDRV <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Character device driver name resolved by \fI/proc/devices\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
+COMMAND <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Command of the process opening the file.
+.RE
+.sp
+DELETED <\fIboolean\fP>
+.RS 4
+Reachability from the file system.
+.RE
+.sp
+DEV <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+ID of the device containing the file.
+.RE
+.sp
+DEVTYPE <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Device type (\fIblk\fP, \fIchar\fP, or \fInodev\fP).
+.RE
+.sp
+FD <\fInumber\fP>
+.RS 4
+File descriptor for the file.
+.RE
+.sp
+FLAGS <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Flags specified when opening the file.
+.RE
+.sp
+FUID <\fInumber\fP>
+.RS 4
+User ID number of the file\(cqs owner.
+.RE
+.sp
+INODE <\fInumber\fP>
+.RS 4
+Inode number.
+.RE
+.sp
+KTHREAD <\fIboolean\fP>
+.RS 4
+Whether the process is a kernel thread or not.
+.RE
+.sp
+MAJ:MIN <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Device ID for special, or ID of device containing file.
+.RE
+.sp
+MAPLEN <\fInumber\fP>
+.RS 4
+Length of file mapping (in page).
+.RE
+.sp
+MISCDEV <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Misc character device name resolved by \fI/proc/misc\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
+MNTID <\fInumber\fP>
+.RS 4
+Mount ID.
+.RE
+.sp
+MODE <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Access mode (rwx).
+.RE
+.sp
+NAME <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Name of the file.
+.RE
+.sp
+NLINK <\fInumber\fP>
+.RS 4
+Link count.
+.RE
+.sp
+OWNER <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Owner of the file.
+.RE
+.sp
+PARTITION <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Block device name resolved by \fI/proc/partition\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
+PID <\fInumber\fP>
+.RS 4
+PID of the process opening the file.
+.RE
+.sp
+POS <\fInumber\fP>
+.RS 4
+File position.
+.RE
+.sp
+PROTONAME <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Protocol name.
+.RE
+.sp
+RDEV <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+Device ID (if special file).
+.RE
+.sp
+SIZE <\fInumber\fP>
+.RS 4
+File size.
+.RE
+.sp
+SOURCE <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+File system, partition, or device containing the file.
+.RE
+.sp
+TID <\fInumber\fP>
+.RS 4
+Thread ID of the process opening the file.
+.RE
+.sp
+TYPE <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+File type.
+.RE
+.sp
+UID <\fInumber\fP>
+.RS 4
+User ID number.
+.RE
+.sp
+USER <\fIstring\fP>
+.RS 4
+User of the process.
+.RE
+.SH "FILTER EXPRESSION"
+.sp
+\fBlsfd\fP evaluates the expression passed to \fB\-\-filter\fP option every time
+before printing a file line. \fBlsfd\fP prints the line only if the result
+of evaluation is \fItrue\fP.
+.sp
+An expression consists of column names, literals and, operators like:
+\f(CRDELETED\fP, \f(CR(PID == 1)\fP, \f(CR(NAME == "/etc/passwd")\fP, \f(CR(PID == 1) && DELETED\fP.
+\f(CRDELETED\fP, \f(CRPID\fP, and \f(CRNAME\fP are column names in the example.
+\f(CR1\fP and "/etc/passwd" are literals.
+\f(CR==\fP and \f(CR&&\fP are operators.
+.sp
+Before evaluation, \fBlsfd\fP substitutes column names in the given
+expression with actual column values in the line. There are three
+different data types: \fIboolean\fP, \fIstring\fP, and \fInumber\fP. For columns
+with a \fIboolean\fP type, the value can be stand\-alone. For \fIstring\fP and
+\fInumber\fP values, the value must be an operand of an operator, for
+example, \f(CR(PID == 1)\fP. See the "OUTPUT COLUMNS" about the types of
+columns.
+.sp
+Literal is for representing a value directly. See BOOLLIT, STRLIT, and
+NUMLIT. Different data types have different literal syntax.
+.sp
+An operator works with one or two operand(s). An operator has an
+expectation about the data type(s) of its operands. Giving an
+unexpected data type to an operator causes a syntax error.
+.sp
+Operators taking two operands are \fIand\fP, \fIor\fP, \fIeq\fP, \fIne\fP, \fIle\fP, \fIlt\fP, \fIge\fP, \fIgt\fP, \fI=~\fP, \fI!~\fP.
+Alphabetically named operators have C\-language
+flavored aliases: \fI&&\fP, \fI||\fP, \fI==\fP, \fI!=\fP, \fI<\fP, \fI\(lA\fP, \fI>=\fP, and \fI>\fP.
+.sp
+\fI!\fP is the only operator that takes one operand.
+.sp
+\fIeq\fP, \fIne\fP, and their aliases expect operands have the same data type.
+Applying these operators return a \fIboolean\fP.
+.sp
+\fIand\fP, \fIor\fP, \fInot\fP and their aliases expect operands have \fIbool\fP data
+type. Applying these operators return a \fIboolean\fP.
+.sp
+\fIlt\fP, \fIle\fP, \fIgt\fP, \fIge\fP, and their aliases expect operands have
+\fInumber\fP data types. Applying these operators return a \fIboolean\fP.
+.sp
+\fI=~\fP is for regular expression matching; if a string at the right side
+matches a regular expression at the left side, the result is true.
+The right side operand must be a string literal. See STRLIT about the
+syntax.
+.sp
+\fI!~\fP is a short\-hand version of \f(CRnot (STR =~ PAT)\fP; it inverts the
+result of \fI=~\fP.
+.SS "Limitations"
+.sp
+The current implementation does not define precedences within
+operators. Use \fI(\fP and \fI)\fP explicitly for grouping the
+sub\-expressions if your expression uses more than two operators.
+.sp
+About \fInumber\fP typed values, the filter engine supports only
+non\-negative integers.
+.SS "Semi\-formal syntax"
+.sp
+EXPR
+.RS 4
+BOOLEXP
+.RE
+.sp
+BOOLEXP0
+.RS 4
+COLUMN <\fIboolean\fP> | BOOLLIT | \fI(\fP BOOLEXP \fI)\fP
+.RE
+.sp
+BOOLEXP
+.RS 4
+BOOLEXP0 | BOOLOP1 | BOOLOP2 | BOOLOP2BL | BOOLOP2CMP | BOOLOP2REG
+.RE
+.sp
+COLUMN
+.RS 4
+[_A\-Za\-z][\-_:A\-Za\-z0\-9]*
+.RE
+.sp
+BOOLOP1
+.RS 4
+\fI!\fP BOOLEXP0 | \fInot\fP BOOLEXP0
+.RE
+.sp
+STREXP
+.RS 4
+COLUMN <\fIstring\fP> | STRLIT
+.RE
+.sp
+NUMEXP
+.RS 4
+COLUMN <\fInumber\fP> | NUMLIT
+.RE
+.sp
+BOOLLIT
+.RS 4
+\fItrue\fP | \fIfalse\fP
+.RE
+.sp
+CHARS
+.RS 4
+( [^\(rs] | \fI\(rs\(rs\fP | \fI\(rs\(aq\fP | \fI\(rs"\fP )*
+.RE
+.sp
+STRLIT
+.RS 4
+\fI\(aq\fP CHARS \fI\(aq\fP | \fI"\fP CHARS \fI"\fP
+.RE
+.sp
+NUMLIT
+.RS 4
+[1\-9][0\-9]* | \fI0\fP
+.RE
+.sp
+BOOLOP2
+.RS 4
+STREXP OP2 STREXP | NUMEXP OP2 NUMEXP | BOOLEXP0 OP2 BOOLEXP0
+.RE
+.sp
+OP2
+.RS 4
+\fI==\fP | \fIeq\fP | \fI!=\fP | \fIne\fP
+.RE
+.sp
+BOOLOP2BL
+.RS 4
+BOOLEXP0 OP2BL BOOLEXP0
+.RE
+.sp
+OP2BL
+.RS 4
+\fI&&\fP | \fIand\fP | \fI||\fP | \fIor\fP
+.RE
+.sp
+BOOLOP2CMP
+.RS 4
+NUMEXP OP2CMP NUMEXP
+.RE
+.sp
+OP2CMP
+.RS 4
+\fI<\fP | \fIlt\fP | \fI<=\fP | \fIle\fP | \fI>\fP | \fIgt\fP | \fI>=\fP | \fIge\fP
+.RE
+.sp
+BOOLOP2REG
+.RS 4
+STREXP OP2REG STRLIT
+.RE
+.sp
+OP2REG
+.RS 4
+\fI=~\fP | \fI!~\fP
+.RE
+.SH "FILTER EXAMPLES"
+.sp
+\fBlsfd\fP has few options for filtering. In most of cases, what you should
+know is \fB\-Q\fP (or \fB\-\-filter\fP) option. Combined with \fB\-o\fP (or
+\fB\-\-output\fP) option, you can customize the output as you want.
+.sp
+List files associated with PID 1 and PID 2 processes:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aq(PID == 1) or (PID == 2)\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+Do the same in an alternative way:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aq(PID == 1) || (PID == 2)\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+Do the same in a more efficient way:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-\-pid 1,2
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+Whitescapes can be used instead of a comma:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-\-pid \(aq1 2\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+Utilize \fBpidof\fP(1) for list the files associated with "firefox":
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-\-pid "$(pidof firefox)"
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+List the 1st file descriptor opened by PID 1 process:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aq(PID == 1) and (FD == 1)\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+Do the same in an alternative way:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aq(PID == 1) && (FD == 1)\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+List all running executables:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aqASSOC == "exe"\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+Do the same in an alternative way:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aqASSOC eq "exe"\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+Do the same but print only file names:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-o NAME \-Q \(aqASSOC eq "exe"\(aq | sort \-u
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+List deleted files associated to processes:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aqDELETED\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+List non\-regular files:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aqTYPE != "REG"\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+List block devices:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aqDEVTYPE == "blk"\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+Do the same with TYPE column:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aqTYPE == "BLK"\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+List files including "dconf" directory in their names:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aqNAME =~ ".\(rs*/dconf/.*"\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+List files opened in a QEMU virtual machine:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aq(COMMAND =~ ".\(rs*qemu.*") and (FD >= 0)\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+Hide files associated to kernel threads:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-Q \(aq!KTHREAD\(aq
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.SH "COUNTER EXAMPLES"
+.sp
+Report the numbers of netlink socket descriptors and unix socket descriptors:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-\-summary=only \(rs
+ \-C \(aqnetlink sockets\(aq:\(aq(NAME =~ "NETLINK:.*")\(aq \(rs
+ \-C \(aqunix sockets\(aq:\(aq(NAME =~ "UNIX:.*")\(aq
+VALUE COUNTER
+ 57 netlink sockets
+ 1552 unix sockets
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
+Do the same but print in JSON format:
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+# lsfd \-\-summary=only \-\-json \(rs
+ \-C \(aqnetlink sockets\(aq:\(aq(NAME =~ "NETLINK:.*")\(aq \(rs
+ \-C \(aqunix sockets\(aq:\(aq(NAME =~ "UNIX:.*")\(aq
+{
+ "lsfd\-summary": [
+ {
+ "value": 15,
+ "counter": "netlink sockets"
+ },{
+ "value": 798,
+ "counter": "unix sockets"
+ }
+ ]
+}
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.SH "HISTORY"
+.sp
+The \fBlsfd\fP command is part of the util\-linux package since v2.38.
+.SH "AUTHORS"
+.sp
+.MTO "yamato\(atredhat.com" "Masatake YAMATO" ","
+.MTO "kzak\(atredhat.com" "Karel Zak" ""
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.sp
+\fBlsof\fP(8)
+\fBpidof\fP(1)
+\fBproc\fP(5)
+.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
+.sp
+For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.SH "AVAILABILITY"
+.sp
+The \fBlsfd\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
+.URL "https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util\-linux/" "Linux Kernel Archive" "."
\ No newline at end of file
.\" Title: lsipc
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LSIPC" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "LSIPC" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SS "Resource options"
.sp
.sp
\fB\-e\fP, \fB\-\-export\fP
.RS 4
-Produce output in the form of key="value" pairs. All potentially unsafe value characters are hex\-escaped (\(rsx<code>). The key (variable name) will be modified to contain only characters allowed for a shell variable identifiers, for example, USE_PCT instead of USE%.
+Produce output in the form of key="value" pairs. All potentially unsafe value characters are hex\-escaped (\(rsx<code>). See also option \fB\-\-shell\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-J\fP, \fB\-\-json\fP
.RS 4
Print numeric permissions in PERMS column.
.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-y\fP, \fB\-\-shell\fP
+.RS 4
+The column name will be modified to contain only characters allowed for shell variable identifiers. This is usable, for example, with \fB\-\-export\fP. Note that this feature has been automatically enabled for \fB\-\-export\fP in version 2.37, but due to compatibility issues, now it\(cqs necessary to request this behavior by \fB\-\-shell\fP.
+.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlsipc\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: lsirq
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LSIRQ" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "LSIRQ" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Show softirqs information.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlsirq\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: lslogins
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LSLOGINS" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "LSLOGINS" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-e\fP, \fB\-\-export\fP
.RS 4
-Output data in the format of NAME=VALUE.
+Output data in the format of NAME=VALUE. See also option \fB\-\-shell\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-f\fP, \fB\-\-failed\fP
.RS 4
Only show data of users belonging to \fIgroups\fP. More than one group may be specified; the list has to be comma\-separated. Unknown group names are ignored.
.sp
-Note that relation between user and group may be invisible for primary group if the user is not explicitly specify as group member (e.g., in \fI/etc/group\fP). If the command \fBlslogins\fP scans for groups than it uses groups database only, and user database with primary GID is not used at all.
-.RE
-.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display help information and exit.
+Note that the relation between user and group may be invisible for the primary group if the user is not explicitly specified as group member (e.g., in \fI/etc/group\fP). If the command \fBlslogins\fP scans for groups then it uses the groups database only, and the user database with primary GID is not used at all.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-L\fP, \fB\-\-last\fP
.sp
\fB\-l\fP, \fB\-\-logins\fP=\fIlogins\fP
.RS 4
-Only show data of users with a login specified in \fIlogins\fP (user names or user IDS). More than one login may be specified; the list has to be comma\-separated. Unknown login names are ignored.
+Only show data of users with a login specified in \fIlogins\fP (user names or user IDs). More than one login may be specified; the list has to be comma\-separated. Unknown login names are ignored.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-n\fP, \fB\-\-newline\fP
.sp
\fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-pwd\fP
.RS 4
-Display information related to login by password (see also \fB\-afL).\fP
+Display information related to login by password (see also \fB\-afL\fP).
.RE
.sp
\fB\-r\fP, \fB\-\-raw\fP
.sp
\fB\-s\fP, \fB\-\-system\-accs\fP
.RS 4
-Show system accounts. These are by default all accounts with a UID between 101 and 999 (inclusive), with the exception of either nobody or nfsnobody (UID 65534). This hardcoded default may be overwritten by parameters SYS_UID_MIN and SYS_UID_MAX in the file \fI/etc/login.defs\fP.
+Show system accounts. These are by default all accounts with a UID between 101 and 999 (inclusive), with the exception of either nobody or nfsnobody (UID 65534). This hardcoded default may be overwritten by parameters \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fP and \fBSYS_UID_MAX\fP in the file \fI/etc/login.defs\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-time\-format\fP \fItype\fP
Show user accounts. These are by default all accounts with UID above 1000 (inclusive), with the exception of either nobody or nfsnobody (UID 65534). This hardcoded default maybe overwritten by parameters UID_MIN and UID_MAX in the file \fI/etc/login.defs\fP.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-wtmp\-file\fP \fIpath\fP
Alternate path for \fBlastlog\fP(8).
.RE
.sp
+\fBy\-\fP, \fB\-\-shell\fP
+.RS 4
+The column name will be modified to contain only characters allowed for shell variable identifiers. This is usable, for example, with \fB\-\-export\fP. Note that this feature has been automatically enabled for \fB\-\-export\fP in version 2.37, but due to compatibility issues, now it\(cqs necessary to request this behavior by \fB\-\-shell\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-Z\fP, \fB\-\-context\fP
.RS 4
Display the users\(aq security context.
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlslogins\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: lsmem
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LSMEM" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "LSMEM" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
The \fBlsmem\fP command lists the ranges of available memory with their online status. The listed memory blocks correspond to the memory block representation in sysfs. The command also shows the memory block size and the amount of memory in online and offline state.
.sp
-The default output compatible with original implementation from s390\-tools, but it\(cqs strongly recommended to avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define expected columns by using the \fB\-\-output\fP option together with a columns list in environments where a stable output is required.
+The default output is compatible with original implementation from s390\-tools, but it\(cqs strongly recommended to avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define expected columns by using the \fB\-\-output\fP option together with a columns list in environments where a stable output is required.
.sp
The \fBlsmem\fP command lists a new memory range always when the current memory block distinguish from the previous block by some output column. This default behavior is possible to override by the \fB\-\-split\fP option (e.g., \fBlsmem \-\-split=ZONES\fP). The special word "none" may be used to ignore all differences between memory blocks and to create as large as possible continuous ranges. The opposite semantic is \fB\-\-all\fP to list individual memory blocks.
.sp
.sp
\fB\-b\fP, \fB\-\-bytes\fP
.RS 4
-Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
-.RE
+Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+By default, the unit, sizes are expressed in, is byte, and unit prefixes are in
+power of 2^10 (1024). Abbreviations of symbols are exhibited truncated in order
+to reach a better readability, by exhibiting alone the first letter of them;
+examples: "1 KiB" and "1 MiB" are respectively exhibited as "1 K" and "1 M",
+then omitting on purpose the mention "iB", which is part of these abbreviations.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-J\fP, \fB\-\-json\fP
.sp
\fB\-S\fP, \fB\-\-split\fP \fIlist\fP
.RS 4
-Specify which columns (attributes) use to split memory blocks to ranges. The supported columns are STATE, REMOVABLE, NODE and ZONES, or "none". The other columns are silently ignored. For more details see DESCRIPTION above.
+Specify which columns (attributes) use to split memory blocks to ranges. The supported columns are STATE, REMOVABLE, NODE and ZONES, or "none". The other columns are silently ignored. For more details see \fBDESCRIPTION\fP above.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-s\fP, \fB\-\-sysroot\fP \fIdirectory\fP
Gather memory data for a Linux instance other than the instance from which the \fBlsmem\fP command is issued. The specified \fIdirectory\fP is the system root of the Linux instance to be inspected.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-summary\fP[=\fIwhen\fP]
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlsmem\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: mcookie
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "MCOOKIE" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "MCOOKIE" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Inform where randomness originated, with amount of entropy read from each source.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "FILES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBmcookie\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: mesg
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "MESG" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "MESG" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Explain what is being done.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBmesg\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: more
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "MORE" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "MORE" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Do not pause after any line containing a \fB^L\fP (form feed).
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-e\fP, \fB\-\-exit\-on\-eof\fP
+.RS 4
+Exit on End\-Of\-File, enabled by default if not executed on terminal.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-f\fP, \fB\-\-no\-pause\fP
.RS 4
Count logical lines, rather than screen lines (i.e., long lines are not folded).
The \fIstring\fP to be searched in each file before starting to display it.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "COMMANDS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBmore\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: mountpoint
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "MOUNTPOINT" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "MOUNTPOINT" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Show the major/minor numbers of the given blockdevice on standard output.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.RE
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
-LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBMOUNT_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables libmount debug output.
.RE
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBmountpoint\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: namei
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "NAMEI" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "NAMEI" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Show mountpoint directories with a \(aqD\(aq rather than a \(aqd\(aq.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "BUGS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBnamei\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: newgrp
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
newgrp \- log in to a new group
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.sp
-newgrp [\fIgroup\fP]
+\fBnewgrp\fP [\fIgroup\fP]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.sp
\fBnewgrp\fP changes the group identification of its caller, analogously to \fBlogin\fP(1). The same person remains logged in, and the current directory is unchanged, but calculations of access permissions to files are performed with respect to the new group ID.
.sp
If no group is specified, the GID is changed to the login GID.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
.SH "FILES"
.sp
\fI/etc/group\fP,
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBnewgrp\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: nsenter
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "NSENTER" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "NSENTER" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-r\fP, \fB\-\-root\fP[=\fIdirectory\fP]
.RS 4
-Set the root directory. If no directory is specified, set the root directory to the root directory of the target process. If directory is specified, set the root directory to the specified directory.
+Set the root directory. If no directory is specified, set the root directory to the root directory of the target process. If directory is specified, set the root directory to the specified directory. The specified \fIdirectory\fP is open before it switches to the requested namespaces.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-w\fP, \fB\-\-wd\fP[=\fIdirectory\fP]
.RS 4
-Set the working directory. If no directory is specified, set the working directory to the working directory of the target process. If directory is specified, set the working directory to the specified directory.
+Set the working directory. If no directory is specified, set the working directory to the working directory of the target process. If directory is specified, set the working directory to the specified directory. The specified \fIdirectory\fP is open before it switches to the requested namespaces, it means the specified directory works as "tunnel" to the current namespace. See also \fB\-\-wdns\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-W\fP, \fB\-\-wdns\fP[=\fIdirectory\fP]
+.RS 4
+Set the working directory. The \fIdirectory\fP is open after switch to the requested namespaces and after \fBchroot\fP(2) call. The options \fB\-\-wd\fP and \fB\-\-wdns\fP are mutually exclusive.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-F\fP, \fB\-\-no\-fork\fP
Set the SELinux security context used for executing a new process according to already running process specified by \fB\-\-target\fP PID. (The util\-linux has to be compiled with SELinux support otherwise the option is unavailable.)
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBnsenter\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: pg
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "PG" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "PG" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Print messages in \fIstandout\fP mode, if the terminfo entry for the terminal provides this capability.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "COMMANDS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBpg\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: prlimit
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "PRLIMIT" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "PRLIMIT" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
The \fIlimits\fP parameter is composed of a soft and a hard value, separated by a colon (:), in order to modify the existing values. If no \fIlimits\fP are given, \fBprlimit\fP will display the current values. If one of the values is not given, then the existing one will be used. To specify the unlimited or infinity limit (\fBRLIM_INFINITY\fP), the \-1 or \(aqunlimited\(aq string can be passed.
.sp
-Because of the nature of limits, the soft limit must be lower or equal to the high limit (also called the ceiling). To see all available resource limits, refer to the RESOURCE OPTIONS section.
+Because of the nature of limits, the soft limit must be lower or equal to the high limit (also called the ceiling). To see all available resource limits, refer to the \fBRESOURCE OPTIONS\fP section.
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
.RE
.SH "GENERAL OPTIONS"
.sp
-\fB\-h, \-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
-.RE
-.sp
\fB\-\-noheadings\fP
.RS 4
Do not print a header line.
Verbose mode.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V, \-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "RESOURCE OPTIONS"
.sp
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
-The \fBprlimit\fP system call is supported since Linux 2.6.36, older kernels will break this program.
+The \fBprlimit\fP(2) system call is supported since Linux 2.6.36, older kernels will break this program.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.sp
\fBprlimit \-\-pid 13134\fP
.sp
\fBprlimit \-\-cpu=10 sort \-u hugefile\fP
.RS 4
-Set both the soft and hard CPU time limit to ten seconds and run \(aqsort\(aq.
+Set both the soft and hard CPU time limit to ten seconds and run \fBsort\fP(1).
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBprlimit\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: rename
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "RENAME" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "RENAME" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Do not make any changes; add \fB\-\-verbose\fP to see what would be made.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-a\fP, \fB\-\-all\fP
+.RS 4
+Replace all occurrences of \fIexpression\fP rather than only the first one.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-l\fP, \fB\-\-last\fP
+.RS 4
+Replace the last occurrence of \fIexpression\fP rather than the first one.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-o\fP, \fB\-\-no\-overwrite\fP
.RS 4
Do not overwrite existing files. When \fB\-\-symlink\fP is active, do not overwrite symlinks pointing to existing targets.
Ask before overwriting existing files.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "WARNING"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBrename\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: renice
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "RENICE" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "RENICE" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Interpret the succeeding arguments as usernames or UIDs.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "FILES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBrenice\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: rev
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "REV" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "REV" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
The \fBrev\fP utility copies the specified files to standard output, reversing the order of characters in every line. If no files are specified, standard input is read.
.sp
-This utility is a line\-oriented tool and it uses in\-memory allocated buffer for a whole wide\-char line. If the input file is huge and without line breaks than allocate the memory for the file may be unsuccessful.
+This utility is a line\-oriented tool and it uses in\-memory allocated buffer for a whole wide\-char line. If the input file is huge and without line breaks then allocating the memory for the file may be unsuccessful.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBrev\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: runuser
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "RUNUSER" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "RUNUSER" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
For backward compatibility, \fBrunuser\fP defaults to not changing the current directory and to setting only the environment variables \fBHOME\fP and \fBSHELL\fP (plus \fBUSER\fP and \fBLOGNAME\fP if the target \fIuser\fP is not root). This version of \fBrunuser\fP uses PAM for session management.
.sp
Note that \fBrunuser\fP in all cases use PAM (pam_getenvlist()) to do the final environment modification. Command\-line options such as \fB\-\-login\fP and \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fP affect the environment before it is modified by PAM.
+.sp
+Since version 2.38 \fBrunuser\fP resets process resource limits RLIMIT_NICE, RLIMIT_RTPRIO, RLIMIT_FSIZE, RLIMIT_AS and RLIMIT_NOFILE.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
\fB\-c\fP, \fB\-\-command\fP=\fIcommand\fP
.sp
\fB\-P\fP, \fB\-\-pty\fP
.RS 4
-Create a pseudo\-terminal for the session. The independent terminal provides better security as the user does not share a terminal with the original session. This can be used to avoid TIOCSTI ioctl terminal injection and other security attacks against terminal file descriptors. The entire session can also be moved to the background (e.g., \fBrunuser \-\-pty \-u username \(em command &\fP). If the pseudo\-terminal is enabled, then \fBrunuser\fP works as a proxy between the sessions (copy stdin and stdout).
+Create a pseudo\-terminal for the session. The independent terminal provides better security as the user does not share a terminal with the original session. This can be used to avoid TIOCSTI ioctl terminal injection and other security attacks against terminal file descriptors. The entire session can also be moved to the background (e.g., \fBrunuser \-\-pty\fP \fB\-u\fP \fIusername\fP \fB\-\-\fP \fIcommand\fP \fB&\fP). If the pseudo\-terminal is enabled, then \fBrunuser\fP works as a proxy between the sessions (sync stdin and stdout).
.sp
-This feature is mostly designed for interactive sessions. If the standard input is not a terminal, but for example a pipe (e.g., \fBecho "date" | runuser \-\-pty \-u user\fP), then the ECHO flag for the pseudo\-terminal is disabled to avoid messy output.
+This feature is mostly designed for interactive sessions. If the standard input is not a terminal, but for example a pipe (e.g., \fBecho "date" | runuser \-\-pty \-u\fP \fIuser\fP), then the \fBECHO\fP flag for the pseudo\-terminal is disabled to avoid messy output.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-m\fP, \fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fP
Don\(cqt reset the environment variables specified in the comma\-separated \fIlist\fP when clearing the environment for \fB\-\-login\fP. The whitelist is ignored for the environment variables \fBHOME\fP, \fBSHELL\fP, \fBUSER\fP, \fBLOGNAME\fP, and \fBPATH\fP.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "CONFIG FILES"
.sp
.sp
\fBALWAYS_SET_PATH\fP (boolean)
.RS 4
-If set to \fIyes\fP and \-\-login and \-\-preserve\-environment were not specified \fBrunuser\fP initializes \fBPATH\fP.
+If set to \fIyes\fP and \fB\-\-login\fP and \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fP were not specified \fBrunuser\fP initializes \fBPATH\fP.
.RE
.sp
The environment variable \fBPATH\fP may be different on systems where \fI/bin\fP and \fI/sbin\fP are merged into \fI/usr\fP; this variable is also affected by the \fB\-\-login\fP command\-line option and the PAM system setting (e.g., \fBpam_env\fP(8)).
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBrunuser\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: script
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SCRIPT" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "SCRIPT" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fBscript\fP makes a typescript of everything on your terminal session. The terminal data are stored in raw form to the log file and information about timing to another (optional) structured log file. The timing log file is necessary to replay the session later by \fBscriptreplay\fP(1) and to store additional information about the session.
.sp
-Since version 2.35, \fBscript\fP supports multiple streams and allows the logging of input and output to separate files or all the one file. This version also supports new timing file which records additional information. The command \fBscriptreplay \-\-summary\fP then provides all the information.
+Since version 2.35, \fBscript\fP supports multiple streams and allows the logging of input and output to separate files or all the one file. This version also supports a new timing file which records additional information. The command \fBscriptreplay \-\-summary\fP then provides all the information.
.sp
If the argument \fIfile\fP or option \fB\-\-log\-out\fP \fIfile\fP is given, \fBscript\fP saves the dialogue in this \fIfile\fP. If no filename is given, the dialogue is saved in the file \fItypescript\fP.
.sp
.sp
\fB\-f\fP, \fB\-\-flush\fP
.RS 4
-Flush output after each write. This is nice for telecooperation: one person does \fBmkfifo foo; script \-f foo\fP, and another can supervise in real\-time what is being done using \fBcat foo\fP. Note that flush has an impact on performance; it\(cqs possible to use \fBSIGUSR1\fP to flush logs on demand.
+Flush output after each write. This is nice for telecooperation: one person does \fBmkfifo\fP \fIfoo\fP; \fBscript \-f\fP \fIfoo\fP, and another can supervise in real\-time what is being done using \fBcat\fP \fIfoo\fP. Note that flush has an impact on performance; it\(cqs possible to use \fBSIGUSR1\fP to flush logs on demand.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-force\fP
.sp
\fBAdvanced (multi\-stream) format\fP
.RS 4
-The first field is an entry type identifier (\(aqI\(cqnput, \(aqO\(cqutput, \(aqH\(cqeader, \(aqS\(cqignal). The socond field is how much time elapsed since the previous entry, and the rest of the entry is type\-specific data.
+The first field is an entry type identifier (\(aqI\(cqnput, \(aqO\(cqutput, \(aqH\(cqeader, \(aqS\(cqignal). The second field is how much time elapsed since the previous entry, and the rest of the entry is type\-specific data.
.RE
.RE
.sp
Output timing data to standard error, or to \fIfile\fP when given. This option is deprecated in favour of \fB\-\-log\-timing\fP where the \fIfile\fP argument is not optional.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "SIGNALS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBscript\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: scriptlive
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SCRIPTLIVE" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "SCRIPTLIVE" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fBBe careful!\fP Do not forget that the typescript may contains arbitrary commands. It is recommended to use \fB"scriptreplay \-\-stream in \-\-log\-in typescript"\fP (or with \fB\-\-log\-io\fP instead of \fB\-\-log\-in\fP) to verify the typescript before it is executed by \fBscriptlive\fP.
.sp
-The timing information is what script1 outputs to file specified by \fB\-\-log\-timing\fP. The typescript has to contain stdin information and it is what script1 outputs to file specified by \fB\-\-log\-in\fP or \fB\-\-log\-io\fP.
+The timing information is what \fBscript\fP(1) outputs to file specified by \fB\-\-log\-timing\fP. The typescript has to contain stdin information and it is what script1 outputs to file specified by \fB\-\-log\-in\fP or \fB\-\-log\-io\fP.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
\fB\-I\fP, \fB\-\-log\-in\fP \fIfile\fP
Set the maximum delay between updates to \fInumber\fP of seconds. The argument is a floating\-point number. This can be used to avoid long pauses in the typescript replay.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBscriptlive\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: scriptreplay
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SCRIPTREPLAY" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "SCRIPTREPLAY" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
By default, the typescript to display is assumed to be named \fItypescript\fP, but other filenames may be specified, as the second parameter or with option \fB\-\-log\-out\fP.
.sp
-If the third parameter or \fB\-\-divisor\fP is specified, it is used as a speed\-up multiplier. For example, a speed\-up of 2 makes \fBscriptreplay\fP go twice as fast, and a speed\-up of 0.1 makes it go ten times slower than the original session.
+If the third parameter or \fB\-\-divisor\fP is specified, it is used as a speed\-up multiplier. For example, a speed\-up of 2 makes \fBscriptreplay\fP go twice as fast, and a speed\-down of 0.1 makes it go ten times slower than the original session.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
\fB\-I\fP, \fB\-\-log\-in\fP \fIfile\fP
.sp
\fB\-\-summary\fP
.RS 4
-Display details about the session recorded in the specified timing file and exit. The session has to be recorded using \fIadvanced\fP format (see \fBscript\fP(1)) option \fB\-\-logging\-format\fP for more details).
+Display details about the session recorded in the specified timing file and exit. The session has to be recorded using \fIadvanced\fP format (see \fBscript\fP(1) option \fB\-\-logging\-format\fP for more details).
.RE
.sp
\fB\-x\fP, \fB\-\-stream\fP \fItype\fP
Forces \fBscriptreplay\fP to print only the specified stream. The supported stream types are \fIin\fP, \fIout\fP, \fIsignal\fP, or \fIinfo\fP. This option is recommended for multi\-stream logs (e.g., \fB\-\-log\-io\fP) in order to print only specified data.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBscriptreplay\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: setpriv
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SETPRIV" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "SETPRIV" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
The environment variable \fBPATH\fP may be different on systems where \fI/bin\fP and \fI/sbin\fP are merged into \fI/usr\fP. The environment variable \fBSHELL\fP defaults to \fB/bin/sh\fP if none is given in the user\(cqs passwd entry.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBsetpriv\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SETSID" "1" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "SETSID" "1" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBsetsid\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: setterm
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SETTERM" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "SETTERM" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
The various color options may be set independently, at least on virtual consoles, though the results of setting multiple modes (for example, \fB\-\-underline\fP and \fB\-\-half\-bright\fP) are hardware\-dependent.
.sp
-The optional arguments require \(aq=\(aq (equals sign) and not space between the option and the argument. For example \-\-option=argument.
+The optional arguments are recommended with \(aq=\(aq (equals sign) and not space between the option and the argument. For example \-\-option=argument. \fBsetterm\fP can interpret the next non\-option argument as an optional argument too.
.sp
\fB\-\-appcursorkeys\fP on|off
.RS 4
Turns underline mode on or off.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Displays version information and exits.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Displays a help text and exits.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "COMPATIBILITY"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBsetterm\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: su
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-21
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SU" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "SU" "1" "2022-02-21" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
\fBsu\fP is mostly designed for unprivileged users, the recommended solution for privileged users (e.g., scripts executed by root) is to use non\-set\-user\-ID command \fBrunuser\fP(1) that does not require authentication and provides separate PAM configuration. If the PAM session is not required at all then the recommended solution is to use command \fBsetpriv\fP(1).
.sp
Note that \fBsu\fP in all cases uses PAM (\fBpam_getenvlist\fP(3)) to do the final environment modification. Command\-line options such as \fB\-\-login\fP and \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fP affect the environment before it is modified by PAM.
+.sp
+Since version 2.38 \fBsu\fP resets process resource limits RLIMIT_NICE, RLIMIT_RTPRIO, RLIMIT_FSIZE, RLIMIT_AS and RLIMIT_NOFILE.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
\fB\-c\fP, \fB\-\-command\fP=\fIcommand\fP
.sp
\fB\-P\fP, \fB\-\-pty\fP
.RS 4
-Create a pseudo\-terminal for the session. The independent terminal provides better security as the user does not share a terminal with the original session. This can be used to avoid TIOCSTI ioctl terminal injection and other security attacks against terminal file descriptors. The entire session can also be moved to the background (e.g., "su \-\-pty \- username \-c application &"). If the pseudo\-terminal is enabled, then \fBsu\fP works as a proxy between the sessions (copy stdin and stdout).
+Create a pseudo\-terminal for the session. The independent terminal provides better security as the user does not share a terminal with the original session. This can be used to avoid \fBTIOCSTI\fP ioctl terminal injection and other security attacks against terminal file descriptors. The entire session can also be moved to the background (e.g., \fBsu \-\-pty\fP \fB\-\fP \fIusername\fP \fB\-c\fP \fIapplication\fP \fB&\fP). If the pseudo\-terminal is enabled, then \fBsu\fP works as a proxy between the sessions (sync stdin and stdout).
.sp
-This feature is mostly designed for interactive sessions. If the standard input is not a terminal, but for example a pipe (e.g., echo "date" | su \-\-pty), then the ECHO flag for the pseudo\-terminal is disabled to avoid messy output.
+This feature is mostly designed for interactive sessions. If the standard input is not a terminal, but for example a pipe (e.g., \fBecho "date" | su \-\-pty\fP), then the \fBECHO\fP flag for the pseudo\-terminal is disabled to avoid messy output.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-s\fP, \fB\-\-shell\fP=\fIshell\fP
.RE
.RE
.sp
-If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e., not listed in /etc/shells), the \fB\-\-shell\fP option and the \fBSHELL\fP environment variables are ignored unless the calling user is root.
+If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e., not listed in \fI/etc/shells\fP), the \fB\-\-shell\fP option and the \fBSHELL\fP environment variables are ignored unless the calling user is root.
.sp
\fB\-\-session\-command=\fP\fIcommand\fP
.RS 4
Don\(cqt reset the environment variables specified in the comma\-separated \fIlist\fP when clearing the environment for \fB\-\-login\fP. The whitelist is ignored for the environment variables \fBHOME\fP, \fBSHELL\fP, \fBUSER\fP, \fBLOGNAME\fP, and \fBPATH\fP.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "SIGNALS"
.sp
Upon receiving either \fBSIGINT\fP, \fBSIGQUIT\fP or \fBSIGTERM\fP, \fBsu\fP terminates its child and afterwards terminates itself with the received signal. The child is terminated by \fBSIGTERM\fP, after unsuccessful attempt and 2 seconds of delay the child is killed by \fBSIGKILL\fP.
.SH "CONFIG FILES"
.sp
-\fBsu\fP reads the \fI/etc/default/su\fP and \fI/etc/login.defs\fP configuration files. The following configuration items are relevant for \fBsu:\fP
+\fBsu\fP reads the \fI/etc/default/su\fP and \fI/etc/login.defs\fP configuration files. The following configuration items are relevant for \fBsu\fP:
.sp
\fBFAIL_DELAY\fP (number)
.RS 4
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
-For security reasons, \fBsu\fP always logs failed log\-in attempts to the btmp file, but it does not write to the \fIlastlog\fP file at all. This solution can be used to control \fBsu\fP behavior by PAM configuration. If you want to use the \fBpam_lastlog\fP(8) module to print warning message about failed log\-in attempts then \fBpam_lastlog\fP(8) has to be configured to update the \fIlastlog\fP file as well. For example by:
+For security reasons, \fBsu\fP always logs failed log\-in attempts to the \fIbtmp\fP file, but it does not write to the \fIlastlog\fP file at all. This solution can be used to control \fBsu\fP behavior by PAM configuration. If you want to use the \fBpam_lastlog\fP(8) module to print warning message about failed log\-in attempts then \fBpam_lastlog\fP(8) has to be configured to update the \fIlastlog\fP file as well. For example by:
.RS 3
.ll -.6i
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBsu\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: taskset
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "TASKSET" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "TASKSET" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Operate on an existing PID and do not launch a new task.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "USAGE"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBtaskset\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: uclampset
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UCLAMPSET" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "UCLAMPSET" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Show status information.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "USAGE"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBuclampset\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: ul
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UL" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "UL" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Override the environment variable \fBTERM\fP with the specified \fIterminal\fP type.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBul\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: unshare
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UNSHARE" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "UNSHARE" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
The \fBunshare\fP command creates new namespaces (as specified by the command\-line options described below) and then executes the specified \fIprogram\fP. If \fIprogram\fP is not given, then "${SHELL}" is run (default: \fI/bin/sh\fP).
.sp
-By default, a new namespace persists only as long as it has member processes. A new namespace can be made persistent even when it has no member processes by bind mounting /proc/\fIpid\fP/ns/\fItype\fP files to a filesystem path. A namespace that has been made persistent in this way can subsequently be entered with \fBnsenter\fP(1) even after the \fIprogram\fP terminates (except PID namespaces where a permanently running init process is required). Once a persistent namespace is no longer needed, it can be unpersisted by using \fBumount\fP(8) to remove the bind mount. See the EXAMPLES section for more details.
+By default, a new namespace persists only as long as it has member processes. A new namespace can be made persistent even when it has no member processes by bind mounting /proc/\fIpid\fP/ns/\fItype\fP files to a filesystem path. A namespace that has been made persistent in this way can subsequently be entered with \fBnsenter\fP(1) even after the \fIprogram\fP terminates (except PID namespaces where a permanently running init process is required). Once a persistent namespace is no longer needed, it can be unpersisted by using \fBumount\fP(8) to remove the bind mount. See the \fBEXAMPLES\fP section for more details.
.sp
\fBunshare\fP since util\-linux version 2.36 uses \fI/proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children\fP and \fI/proc/[pid]/ns/time_for_children\fP files for persistent PID and TIME namespaces. This change requires Linux kernel 4.17 or newer.
.sp
.sp
\fB\-i\fP, \fB\-\-ipc\fP[\fB=\fP\fIfile\fP]
.RS 4
-Unshare the IPC namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then a persistent namespace is created by a bind mount.
+Create a new IPC namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then the namespace is made persistent by creating a bind mount at \fIfile\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-m\fP, \fB\-\-mount\fP[\fB=\fP\fIfile\fP]
.RS 4
-Unshare the mount namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then a persistent namespace is created by a bind mount. Note that \fIfile\fP must be located on a mount whose propagation type is not \fBshared\fP (or an error results). Use the command \fBfindmnt \-o+PROPAGATION\fP when not sure about the current setting. See also the examples below.
+Create a new mount namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then the namespace is made persistent by creating a bind mount at \fIfile\fP. Note that \fIfile\fP must be located on a mount whose propagation type is not \fBshared\fP (or an error results). Use the command \fBfindmnt \-o+PROPAGATION\fP when not sure about the current setting. See also the examples below.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-n\fP, \fB\-\-net\fP[\fB=\fP\fIfile\fP]
.RS 4
-Unshare the network namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then a persistent namespace is created by a bind mount.
+Create a new network namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then the namespace is made persistent by creating a bind mount at \fIfile\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-pid\fP[\fB=\fP\fIfile\fP]
.RS 4
-Unshare the PID namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then a persistent namespace is created by a bind mount. (Creation of a persistent PID namespace will fail if the \fB\-\-fork\fP option is not also specified.)
+Create a new PID namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then the namespace is made persistent by creating a bind mount at \fIfile\fP. (Creation of a persistent PID namespace will fail if the \fB\-\-fork\fP option is not also specified.)
.sp
See also the \fB\-\-fork\fP and \fB\-\-mount\-proc\fP options.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-u\fP, \fB\-\-uts\fP[\fB=\fP\fIfile\fP]
.RS 4
-Unshare the UTS namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then a persistent namespace is created by a bind mount.
+Create a new UTS namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then the namespace is made persistent by creating a bind mount at \fIfile\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-U\fP, \fB\-\-user\fP[\fB=\fP\fIfile\fP]
.RS 4
-Unshare the user namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then a persistent namespace is created by a bind mount.
+Create a new user namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then the namespace is made persistent by creating a bind mount at \fIfile\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-C\fP, \fB\-\-cgroup\fP[\fB=\fP\fIfile\fP]
.RS 4
-Unshare the cgroup namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then persistent namespace is created by bind mount.
+Create a new cgroup namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then the namespace is made persistent by creating a bind mount at \fIfile\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-T\fP, \fB\-\-time\fP[\fB=\fP\fIfile\fP]
.RS 4
-Unshare the time namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then a persistent namespace is created by a bind mount. The \fB\-\-monotonic\fP and \fB\-\-boottime\fP options can be used to specify the corresponding offset in the time namespace.
+Create a new time namespace. If \fIfile\fP is specified, then the namespace is made persistent by creating a bind mount at \fIfile\fP. The \fB\-\-monotonic\fP and \fB\-\-boottime\fP options can be used to specify the corresponding offset in the time namespace.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-f\fP, \fB\-\-fork\fP
Run the program only after the current effective user ID has been mapped to \fIuid\fP. If this option is specified multiple times, the last occurrence takes precedence. This option implies \fB\-\-user\fP.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-\-map\-users=\fP\fIouteruid,inneruid,count\fP|\fBauto\fP
+.RS 4
+Run the program only after the block of user IDs of size \fIcount\fP beginning at \fIouteruid\fP has been mapped to the block of user IDs beginning at \fIinneruid\fP. This mapping is created with \fBnewuidmap\fP(1). If the range of user IDs overlaps with the mapping specified by \fB\-\-map\-user\fP, then a "hole" will be removed from the mapping. This may result in the highest user ID of the mapping not being mapped. The special value \fBauto\fP will map the first block of user IDs owned by the effective user from \fI/etc/subuid\fP to a block starting at user ID 0. If this option is specified multiple times, the last occurrence takes precedence. This option implies \fB\-\-user\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-\-map\-group=\fP\fIgid|name\fP
.RS 4
Run the program only after the current effective group ID has been mapped to \fIgid\fP. If this option is specified multiple times, the last occurrence takes precedence. This option implies \fB\-\-setgroups=deny\fP and \fB\-\-user\fP.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-\-map\-groups=\fP\fIoutergid,innergid,count\fP|\fBauto\fP
+.RS 4
+Run the program only after the block of group IDs of size \fIcount\fP beginning at \fIoutergid\fP has been mapped to the block of group IDs beginning at \fIinnergid\fP. This mapping is created with \fBnewgidmap\fP(1). If the range of group IDs overlaps with the mapping specified by \fB\-\-map\-group\fP, then a "hole" will be removed from the mapping. This may result in the highest group ID of the mapping not being mapped. The special value \fBauto\fP will map the first block of user IDs owned by the effective user from \fI/etc/subgid\fP to a block starting at group ID 0. If this option is specified multiple times, the last occurrence takes precedence. This option implies \fB\-\-user\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-\-map\-auto\fP
+.RS 4
+Map the first block of user IDs owned by the effective user from \fI/etc/subuid\fP to a block starting at user ID 0. In the same manner, also map the first block of group IDs owned by the effective group from \fI/etc/subgid\fP to a block starting at group ID 0. This option is intended to handle the common case where the first block of subordinate user and group IDs can map the whole user and group ID space. This option is equivalent to specifying \fB\-\-map\-users=auto\fP and \fB\-\-map\-groups=auto\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-r\fP, \fB\-\-map\-root\-user\fP
.RS 4
Run the program only after the current effective user and group IDs have been mapped to the superuser UID and GID in the newly created user namespace. This makes it possible to conveniently gain capabilities needed to manage various aspects of the newly created namespaces (such as configuring interfaces in the network namespace or mounting filesystems in the mount namespace) even when run unprivileged. As a mere convenience feature, it does not support more sophisticated use cases, such as mapping multiple ranges of UIDs and GIDs. This option implies \fB\-\-setgroups=deny\fP and \fB\-\-user\fP. This option is equivalent to \fB\-\-map\-user=0 \-\-map\-group=0\fP.
Set the offset of \fBCLOCK_BOOTTIME\fP which will be used in the entered time namespace. This option requires unsharing a time namespace with \fB\-\-time\fP.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
-The proc and sysfs filesystems mounting as root in a user namespace have to be restricted so that a less privileged user can not get more access to sensitive files that a more privileged user made unavailable. In short the rule for proc and sysfs is as close to a bind mount as possible.
+The proc and sysfs filesystems mounting as root in a user namespace have to be restricted so that a less privileged user cannot get more access to sensitive files that a more privileged user made unavailable. In short the rule for proc and sysfs is as close to a bind mount as possible.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.sp
-The following command creates a PID namespace, using \fB\-\-fork\fP to ensure that the executed command is performed in a child process that (being the first process in the namespace) has PID 1. The \fB\-\-mount\-proc\fP option ensures that a new mount namespace is also simultaneously created and that a new \fBproc\fP(5) filesystem is mounted that contains information corresponding to the new PID namespace. When the \fBreadlink\fP command terminates, the new namespaces are automatically torn down.
+The following command creates a PID namespace, using \fB\-\-fork\fP to ensure that the executed command is performed in a child process that (being the first process in the namespace) has PID 1. The \fB\-\-mount\-proc\fP option ensures that a new mount namespace is also simultaneously created and that a new \fBproc\fP(5) filesystem is mounted that contains information corresponding to the new PID namespace. When the \fBreadlink\fP(1) command terminates, the new namespaces are automatically torn down.
.sp
.if n .RS 4
.nf
.fi
.if n .RE
.sp
+As an unprivileged user, create a user namespace where the first 65536 IDs are all mapped, and the user\(cqs credentials are mapped to the root IDs inside the namespace. The map is determined by the subordinate IDs assigned in \fBsubuid\fP(5) and \fBsubgid\fP(5). Demonstrate this mapping by creating a file with user ID 1 and group ID 1. For brevity, only the user ID mappings are shown:
+.sp
+.if n .RS 4
+.nf
+.fam C
+$ id \-u
+1000
+$ cat /etc/subuid
+1000:100000:65536
+$ unshare \-\-user \-\-map\-auto \-\-map\-root\-user
+# id \-u
+0
+# cat /proc/self/uid_map
+ 0 1000 1
+ 1 100000 65535
+# touch file; chown 1:1 file
+# ls \-ln \-\-time\-style=+ file
+\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\- 1 1 1 0 file
+# exit
+$ ls \-ln \-\-time\-style=+ file
+\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\- 1 100000 100000 0 file
+.fam
+.fi
+.if n .RE
+.sp
The first of the following commands creates a new persistent UTS namespace and modifies the hostname as seen in that namespace. The namespace is then entered with \fBnsenter\fP(1) in order to display the modified hostname; this step demonstrates that the UTS namespace continues to exist even though the namespace had no member processes after the \fBunshare\fP command terminated. The namespace is then destroyed by removing the bind mount.
.sp
.if n .RS 4
.MTO "kzak\(atredhat.com" "Karel Zak" ""
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.sp
+\fBnewuidmap\fP(1)
+\fBnewgidmap\fP(1)
\fBclone\fP(2),
\fBunshare\fP(2),
\fBnamespaces\fP(7),
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBunshare\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: utmpdump
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UTMPDUMP" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "UTMPDUMP" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Undump, write back edited login information into the utmp or wtmp files.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fButmpdump\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: uuidgen
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUIDGEN" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "UUIDGEN" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-m\fP, \fB\-\-md5\fP
\fBuuidgen\fP was written by Andreas Dilger for \fBlibuuid\fP(3).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.sp
+\fBuuidparse\fP(1),
\fBlibuuid\fP(3),
.URL "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122" "RFC 4122" ""
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBuuidgen\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: uuidparse
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUIDPARSE" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "UUIDPARSE" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Use the raw output format.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBuuidparse\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: wall
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "WALL" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "WALL" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Limit printing message to members of group defined as a \fIgroup\fP argument. The argument can be group name or GID.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBwall\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: whereis
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "WHEREIS" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "WHEREIS" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "FILE SEARCH PATHS"
.sp
By default \fBwhereis\fP tries to find files from hard\-coded paths, which are defined with glob patterns. The command attempts to use the contents of \fB$PATH\fP and \fB$MANPATH\fP environment variables as default search path. The easiest way to know what paths are in use is to add the \fB\-l\fP listing option. Effects of the \fB\-B\fP, \fB\-M\fP, and \fB\-S\fP are displayed with \fB\-l\fP.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
-WHEREIS_DEBUG=all
+\fBWHEREIS_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables debug output.
.RE
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBwhereis\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: write
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: User Commands
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "WRITE" "1" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "User Commands"
+.TH "WRITE" "1" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "User Commands"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
The traditional protocol for writing to someone is that the string \fI\-o\fP, either at the end of a line or on a line by itself, means that it\(cqs the other person\(cqs turn to talk. The string \fIoo\fP means that the person believes the conversation to be over.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "HISTORY"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBwrite\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: libblkid
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-01-06
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: Programmer's Manual
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LIBBLKID" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
+.TH "LIBBLKID" "3" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
In situations where one is getting information about a single known device, it does not impact performance whether the cache is used or not (unless you are not able to read the block device directly).
.sp
-The high\-level part of the library supports two methods to evaluate \fBLABEL/UUID\fP. It reads information directly from a block device or read information from /dev/disk/by\-* udev symlinks. The udev is preferred method by default.
+The high\-level part of the library supports two methods to determine \fBLABEL/UUID\fP. It reads information directly from a block device or read information from /dev/disk/by\-* udev symlinks. The udev is preferred method by default.
.sp
If you are dealing with multiple devices, use of the cache is highly recommended (even if empty) as devices will be scanned at most one time and the on\-disk cache will be updated if possible.
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlibblkid\fP library is part of the util\-linux package since version 2.15. It can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: Programmer's Manual
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUID" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
+.TH "UUID" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlibuuid\fP library is part of the util\-linux package since version 2.15.1. It can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: Programmer's Manual
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUID_CLEAR" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
+.TH "UUID_CLEAR" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlibuuid\fP library is part of the util\-linux package since version 2.15.1. It can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: Programmer's Manual
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUID_COMPARE" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
+.TH "UUID_COMPARE" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: Programmer's Manual
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUID_COPY" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
+.TH "UUID_COPY" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlibuuid\fP library is part of the util\-linux package since version 2.15.1. It can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: uuid_generate
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: Programmer's Manual
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUID_GENERATE" "3" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
+.TH "UUID_GENERATE" "3" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
The \fBuuid_generate_random\fP() function forces the use of the all\-random UUID format, even if a high\-quality random number generator is not available, in which case a pseudo\-random generator will be substituted. Note that the use of a pseudo\-random generator may compromise the uniqueness of UUIDs generated in this fashion.
.sp
-The \fBuuid_generate_time\fP() function forces the use of the alternative algorithm which uses the current time and the local ethernet MAC address (if available). This algorithm used to be the default one used to generate UUIDs, but because of the use of the ethernet MAC address, it can leak information about when and where the UUID was generated. This can cause privacy problems in some applications, so the \fBuuid_generate\fP() function only uses this algorithm if a high\-quality source of randomness is not available. To guarantee uniqueness of UUIDs generated by concurrently running processes, the uuid library uses a global clock state counter (if the process has permissions to gain exclusive access to this file) and/or the \fBuuidd\fP daemon, if it is running already or can be spawned by the process (if installed and the process has enough permissions to run it). If neither of these two synchronization mechanisms can be used, it is theoretically possible that two concurrently running processes obtain the same UUID(s). To tell whether the UUID has been generated in a safe manner, use \fBuuid_generate_time_safe\fP.
+The \fBuuid_generate_time\fP() function forces the use of the alternative algorithm which uses the current time and the local ethernet MAC address (if available). This algorithm used to be the default one used to generate UUIDs, but because of the use of the ethernet MAC address, it can leak information about when and where the UUID was generated. This can cause privacy problems in some applications, so the \fBuuid_generate\fP() function only uses this algorithm if a high\-quality source of randomness is not available. To guarantee uniqueness of UUIDs generated by concurrently running processes, the uuid library uses a global clock state counter (if the process has permissions to gain exclusive access to this file) and/or the \fBuuidd\fP(8) daemon, if it is running already or can be spawned by the process (if installed and the process has enough permissions to run it). If neither of these two synchronization mechanisms can be used, it is theoretically possible that two concurrently running processes obtain the same UUID(s). To tell whether the UUID has been generated in a safe manner, use \fBuuid_generate_time_safe\fP.
.sp
The \fBuuid_generate_time_safe\fP() function is similar to \fBuuid_generate_time\fP(), except that it returns a value which denotes whether any of the synchronization mechanisms (see above) has been used.
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlibuuid\fP library is part of the util\-linux package since version 2.15.1. It can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: Programmer's Manual
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUID_IS_NULL" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
+.TH "UUID_IS_NULL" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlibuuid\fP library is part of the util\-linux package since version 2.15.1. It can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: Programmer's Manual
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUID_PARSE" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
+.TH "UUID_PARSE" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlibuuid\fP library is part of the util\-linux package since version 2.15.1. It can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: Programmer's Manual
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUID_TIME" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
+.TH "UUID_TIME" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlibuuid\fP library is part of the util\-linux package since version 2.15.1. It can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: Programmer's Manual
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUID_UNPARSE" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
+.TH "UUID_UNPARSE" "3" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "Programmer\(aqs Manual"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlibuuid\fP library is part of the util\-linux package since version 2.15.1. It can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: adjtime_config
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: File formats
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "ADJTIME_CONFIG" "5" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "File formats"
+.TH "ADJTIME_CONFIG" "5" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "File formats"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
The Hardware Clock is usually not very accurate. However, much of its inaccuracy is completely predictable \- it gains or loses the same amount of time every day. This is called systematic drift. The util \fBhwclock\fP(8) keeps the file \fI/etc/adjtime\fP, that keeps some historical information. For more details see "\fBThe Adjust Function\fP" and "\fBThe Adjtime File\fP" sections from \fBhwclock\fP(8) man page.
.sp
-The format of the adjtime file is, in ASCII.
+The \fIadjtime\fP file is formatted in ASCII.
.SS "First line"
.sp
Three numbers, separated by blanks:
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
\fBadjtime_config\fP is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: File formats
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FSTAB" "5" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "File formats"
+.TH "FSTAB" "5" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "File formats"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
\fBfstab\fP is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: terminal-colors.d
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: File formats
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "TERMINAL\-COLORS.D" "5" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "File formats"
+.TH "TERMINAL\-COLORS.D" "5" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "File formats"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
The \fIname\fP is a utility name. The name is optional and when none is specified then the file is used for all unspecified utilities.
.sp
-The \fIterm\fP is a terminal identifier (the TERM environment variable). The terminal identifier is optional and when none is specified then the file is used for all unspecified terminals.
+The \fIterm\fP is a terminal identifier (the \fBTERM\fP environment variable). The terminal identifier is optional and when none is specified then the file is used for all unspecified terminals.
.sp
The \fItype\fP is a file type. Supported file types are:
.sp
.RE
.ll
.sp
-The \fBname\fP is a logical name of color sequence (for example "error"). The names are specific to the utilities. For more details always see the COLORS section in the man page for the utility.
+The \fBname\fP is a logical name of color sequence (for example "error"). The names are specific to the utilities. For more details always see the \fBCOLORS\fP section in the man page for the utility.
.sp
The \fBcolor\-sequence\fP is a color name, ASCII color sequences or escape sequences.
.SS "Color names"
Lines where the first non\-blank character is a # (hash) are ignored. Any other use of the hash character is not interpreted as introducing a comment.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
-TERMINAL_COLORS_DEBUG=all
+\fBTERMINAL_COLORS_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables debug output.
.RE
.ll
.SH "COMPATIBILITY"
.sp
-The terminal\-colors.d functionality is currently supported by all util\-linux utilities which provides colorized output. For more details always see the COLORS section in the man page for the utility.
+The \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP functionality is currently supported by all util\-linux utilities which provides colorized output. For more details always see the \fBCOLORS\fP section in the man page for the utility.
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
\fBterminal\-colors.d\fP is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: addpart
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "ADDPART" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "ADDPART" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.RS 4
The length of the partition (in 512\-byte sectors).
.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.sp
\fBdelpart\fP(8),
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBaddpart\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: agetty
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-03-25
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "AGETTY" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "AGETTY" "8" "2022-03-25" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-f\fP, \fB\-\-issue\-file\fP \fIpath\fP
.RS 4
-Specifies a ":" delimited list of files and directories to be displayed instead of \fI/etc/issue\fP (or other). All specified files and directories are displayed, missing or empty files are silently ignored. If the specified path is a directory then display all files with .issue file extension in version\-sort order from the directory. This allows custom messages to be displayed on different terminals. The \fB\-\-noissue\fP option will override this option.
+Specifies a ":" delimited list of files and directories to be displayed instead of \fI/etc/issue\fP (or other). All specified files and directories are displayed, missing or empty files are silently ignored. If the specified path is a directory then display all files with \fI.issue\fP file extension in version\-sort order from the directory. This allows custom messages to be displayed on different terminals. The \fB\-\-noissue\fP option will override this option.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-show\-issue\fP
.RS 4
-Display the current issue file (or other) on the current terminal and exit. Use this option to review the current setting, it is not designed for any other purpose. Note that output may use some default or incomplete information as proper output depends on terminal and agetty command line.
+Display the current issue file (or other) on the current terminal and exit. Use this option to review the current setting, it is not designed for any other purpose. Note that output may use some default or incomplete information as proper output depends on terminal and \fBagetty\fP command line.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-h, \-\-flow\-control\fP
.sp
\fB\-L\fP, \fB\-\-local\-line\fP[=\fImode\fP]
.RS 4
-Control the CLOCAL line flag. The optional \fImode\fP argument is \(aqauto\(aq, \(aqalways\(aq or \(aqnever\(aq. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, then the default is \(aqalways\(aq. If the \fB\-\-local\-line\fP option is not given at all, then the default is \(aqauto\(aq.
+Control the CLOCAL line flag. The optional \fImode\fP argument is \fBauto\fP, \fBalways\fP or \fBnever\fP. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, then the default is \fBalways\fP. If the \fB\-\-local\-line\fP option is not given at all, then the default is \fBauto\fP.
.sp
\fIalways\fP
.RS 4
.RS 4
Options and arguments that are passed to \fBlogin\fP(1). Where \(rsu is replaced by the login name. For example:
.sp
-\fB\-\-login\-options \(aq\-h darkstar \(em \(rsu\(aq\fP
+\fB\-\-login\-options \(aq\-h darkstar \-\- \(rsu\(aq\fP
.sp
See \fB\-\-autologin\fP, \fB\-\-login\-program\fP and \fB\-\-remote\fP.
.sp
-Please read the SECURITY NOTICE below before using this option.
+Please read the \fBSECURITY NOTICE\fP below before using this option.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-login\-pause\fP
.sp
\fB\-\-reload\fP
.RS 4
-Ask all running agetty instances to reload and update their displayed prompts, if the user has not yet commenced logging in. After doing so the command will exit. This feature might be unsupported on systems without Linux \fBinotify\fP(7).
+Ask all running \fBagetty\fP instances to reload and update their displayed prompts, if the user has not yet commenced logging in. After doing so the command will exit. This feature might be unsupported on systems without Linux \fBinotify\fP(7).
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXAMPLE"
.sp
.ll
.SH "SECURITY NOTICE"
.sp
-If you use the \fB\-\-login\-program\fP and \fB\-\-login\-options\fP options, be aware that a malicious user may try to enter lognames with embedded options, which then get passed to the used login program. Agetty does check for a leading "\-" and makes sure the logname gets passed as one parameter (so embedded spaces will not create yet another parameter), but depending on how the login binary parses the command line that might not be sufficient. Check that the used login program cannot be abused this way.
+If you use the \fB\-\-login\-program\fP and \fB\-\-login\-options\fP options, be aware that a malicious user may try to enter lognames with embedded options, which then get passed to the used login program. \fBagetty\fP does check for a leading "\-" and makes sure the logname gets passed as one parameter (so embedded spaces will not create yet another parameter), but depending on how the login binary parses the command line that might not be sufficient. Check that the used login program cannot be abused this way.
.sp
Some programs use "\-\-" to indicate that the rest of the command line should not be interpreted as options. Use this feature if available by passing "\-\-" before the username gets passed by \(rsu.
.SH "ISSUE FILES"
.sp
4 or 4{\fIinterface\fP}
.RS 4
-Insert the IPv4 address of the specified network interface (for example: \(rs4{eth0}). If the \fIinterface\fP argument is not specified, then select the first fully configured (UP, non\-LOCALBACK, RUNNING) interface. If not any configured interface is found, fall back to the IP address of the machine\(cqs hostname.
+Insert the IPv4 address of the specified network interface (for example: \(rs4{eth0}). If the \fIinterface\fP argument is not specified, then select the first fully configured (UP, non\-LOCALBACK, RUNNING) interface. If no configured interface is found, fall back to the IP address of the machine\(cqs hostname.
.RE
.sp
6 or 6{\fIinterface\fP}
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBagetty\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: blkdiscard
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "BLKDISCARD" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "BLKDISCARD" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-f\fP, \fB\-\-force\fP
.RS 4
-Disable all checking. Since v2.36 the block device is open in exclusive mode (O_EXCL) by default to avoid collision with mounted filesystem or another kernel subsystem. The \fB\-\-force\fP option disables the exclusive access mode.
+Disable all checking. Since v2.36 the block device is open in exclusive mode (\fBO_EXCL\fP) by default to avoid collision with mounted filesystem or another kernel subsystem. The \fB\-\-force\fP option disables the exclusive access mode.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-o\fP, \fB\-\-offset\fP \fIoffset\fP
Display the aligned values of \fIoffset\fP and \fIlength\fP. If the \fB\-\-step\fP option is specified, it prints the discard progress every second.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBblkdiscard\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: blkid
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "BLKID" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "BLKID" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-c\fP, \fB\-\-cache\-file\fP \fIcachefile\fP
.RS 4
-Read from \fIcachefile\fP instead of reading from the default cache file (see the CONFIGURATION FILE section for more details). If you want to start with a clean cache (i.e., don\(cqt report devices previously scanned but not necessarily available at this time), specify \fI/dev/null\fP.
+Read from \fIcachefile\fP instead of reading from the default cache file (see the \fBCONFIGURATION FILE\fP section for more details). If you want to start with a clean cache (i.e., don\(cqt report devices previously scanned but not necessarily available at this time), specify \fI/dev/null\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-d\fP, \fB\-\-no\-encoding\fP
Perform a garbage collection pass on the blkid cache to remove devices which no longer exist.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display a usage message and exit.
-.RE
-.sp
\fB\-H\fP, \fB\-\-hint\fP \fIsetting\fP
.RS 4
-Set probing hint. The hints are optional way how to force probing functions to
-check for example another location. The currently supported is
+Set probing hint. The hints are an optional way to force probing functions to
+check, for example, another location. The currently supported is
"session_offset=\fInumber\fP" to set session offset on multi\-session UDF.
.RE
.sp
Look up the device that uses this filesystem \fIuuid\fP. For more details see the \fB\-\-label\fP option.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version number and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
If an ambivalent probing result was detected by low\-level probing mode (\fB\-p\fP), an exit status of 8 is returned.
.SH "CONFIGURATION FILE"
.sp
-The standard location of the \fI/etc/blkid.conf\fP config file can be overridden by the environment variable BLKID_CONF. The following options control the libblkid library:
+The standard location of the \fI/etc/blkid.conf\fP config file can be overridden by the environment variable \fBBLKID_CONF\fP. The following options control the libblkid library:
.sp
\fISEND_UEVENT=<yes|not>\fP
.RS 4
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBblkid\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: blkzone
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "BLKZONE" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "BLKZONE" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
The command \fBblkzone finish\fP is used to finish (transition to full condition) one or more zones. Unlike \fBsg_zone\fP(8), finish action, this command operates from the block layer and can finish a range of zones.
.sp
-By default, the reset, open, close and finish commands will operate from the zone at device sector 0 and operate on all zones. Options may be used to modify this behavior as explained below.
+By default, the \fBreset\fP, \fBopen\fP, \fBclose\fP and \fBfinish\fP commands will operate from the zone at device sector 0 and operate on all zones. Options may be used to modify this behavior as explained below.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
The \fIoffset\fP and \fIlength\fP option arguments may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB") or the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB. Additionally, the 0x prefix can be used to specify \fIoffset\fP and \fIlength\fP in hex.
Display the number of zones returned in the report or the range of sectors reset.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBblkzone\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: blockdev
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "BLOCKDEV" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "BLOCKDEV" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBblockdev\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: cfdisk
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "CFDISK" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "CFDISK" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-L\fP, \fB\-\-color\fP[\fB=\fP\fIwhen\fP]
.RS 4
-Colorize the output. The optional argument \fIwhen\fP can be \fBauto\fP, \fBnever\fP or \fBalways\fP. If the \fIwhen\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fBauto\fP. The colors can be disabled, for the current built\-in default see \fB\-\-help\fP output. See also the COLORS section.
+Colorize the output. The optional argument \fIwhen\fP can be \fBauto\fP, \fBnever\fP or \fBalways\fP. If the \fIwhen\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fBauto\fP. The colors can be disabled, for the current built\-in default see \fB\-\-help\fP output. See also the \fBCOLORS\fP section.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-lock\fP[=\fImode\fP]
.RS 4
-Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument \fImode\fP can be \fByes\fP, \fBno\fP (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fP. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fP. This option overwrites environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fP. The default is not to use any lock at all, but it\(cqs recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other tools.
+Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument \fImode\fP can be \fByes\fP, \fBno\fP (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fP. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fByes\fP. This option overwrites environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fP. The default is not to use any lock at all, but it\(cqs recommended to avoid collisions with \fBsystemd\-udevd\fP(8) or other tools.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-r\fP, \fB\-\-read\-only\fP
Forced open in read\-only mode.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
-.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
-.RE
-.sp
\fB\-z\fP, \fB\-\-zero\fP
.RS 4
Start with an in\-memory zeroed partition table. This option does not zero the partition table on the disk; rather, it simply starts the program without reading the existing partition table. This option allows you to create a new partition table from scratch or from an \fBsfdisk\fP(8)\-compatible script.
.sp
\fBu\fP
.RS 4
-Dump the current in\-memory partition table to an sfdisk\-compatible script file.
+Dump the current in\-memory partition table to an \fBsfdisk\fP(8)\-compatible script file.
.sp
The script files are compatible between \fBcfdisk\fP, \fBfdisk\fP(8) \fBsfdisk\fP(8) and other libfdisk applications. For more details see \fBsfdisk\fP(8).
.sp
All commands can be entered with either uppercase or lowercase letters (except for \fBW\fPrite). When in a submenu or at a prompt, you can hit the \fIEsc\fP key to return to the main menu.
.SH "COLORS"
.sp
-Implicit coloring can be disabled by creating the empty file \fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/cfdisk.disable\fP.
+The output colorization is implemented by \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) functionality.
+Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/cfdisk.disable\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+for the \fBcfdisk\fP command or for all tools by
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/disable\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+The user\-specific \fI$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/terminal\-colors.d\fP
+or \fI$HOME/.config/terminal\-colors.d\fP overrides the global setting.
.sp
-See \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) for more details about colorization configuration.
+Note that the output colorization may be enabled by default, and in this case
+\fIterminal\-colors.d\fP directories do not have to exist yet.
.sp
\fBcfdisk\fP does not support color customization with a color\-scheme file.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBcfdisk\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: chcpu
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "CHCPU" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "CHCPU" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Trigger a rescan of CPUs. After a rescan, the Linux kernel recognizes the new CPUs. Use this option on systems that do not automatically detect newly attached CPUs.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBchcpu\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: chmem
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "CHMEM" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "CHMEM" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Select the memory \fIZONE\fP where to set the specified \fIRANGE\fP, \fISIZE\fP, or \fIBLOCKRANGE\fP of memory online or offline. By default, memory will be set online to the zone Movable, if possible.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-v\fP, \fB\-\-verbose\fP
.RS 4
-Print a short help text, then exit.
+Verbose mode. Causes \fBchmem\fP to print debugging messages about it\(cqs progress.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-v\fP, \fB\-\-verbose\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Verbose mode. Causes \fBchmem\fP to print debugging messages about it\(cqs progress.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Print the version number, then exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBchmem\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: ctrlaltdel
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "CTRLALTDEL" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "CTRLALTDEL" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
The function of \fBctrlaltdel\fP is usually set in the \fI/etc/rc.local\fP file.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "FILES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBctrlaltdel\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: delpart
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "DELPART" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "DELPART" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
\fBdelpart\fP asks the Linux kernel to forget about the specified \fIpartition\fP (a number) on the specified \fIdevice\fP. The command is a simple wrapper around the "del partition" ioctl.
.sp
This command doesn\(cqt manipulate partitions on a block device.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.sp
\fBaddpart\fP(8),
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBdelpart\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: fdformat
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FDFORMAT" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "FDFORMAT" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Skip the verification that is normally performed after the formatting.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBfdformat\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: fdisk
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FDISK" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "FDISK" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display a help text and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-L\fP, \fB\-\-color\fP[=\fIwhen\fP]
.sp
\fB\-\-lock\fP[=\fImode\fP]
.RS 4
-Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument \fImode\fP can be \fByes\fP, \fBno\fP (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fP. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fP. This option overwrites environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fP. The default is not to use any lock at all, but it\(cqs recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other tools.
+Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument \fImode\fP can be \fByes\fP, \fBno\fP (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fP. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fByes\fP. This option overwrites environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fP. The default is not to use any lock at all, but it\(cqs recommended to avoid collisions with \fBsystemd\-udevd\fP(8) or other tools.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-n\fP, \fB\-\-noauto\-pt\fP
.sp
\fB\-u\fP, \fB\-\-units\fP[=\fIunit\fP]
.RS 4
-When listing partition tables, show sizes in \(aqsectors\(aq or in \(aqcylinders\(aq. The default is to show sizes in sectors. For backward compatibility, it is possible to use the option without the \fIunit\fP argument \(em then the default is used. Note that the optional \fIunit\fP argument cannot be separated from the \fB\-u\fP option by a space, the correct form is for example \(aq*\-u=*\fIcylinders\fP\(aq.
+When listing partition tables, show sizes in \(aqsectors\(aq or in \(aqcylinders\(aq. The default is to show sizes in sectors. For backward compatibility, it is possible to use the option without the \fIunit\fP argument \(em then the default is used. Note that the optional \fIunit\fP argument cannot be separated from the \fB\-u\fP option by a space, the correct form is for example \(aq\fB\-u=\fP\fIcylinders\fP\(aq.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-C\fP, \fB\-\-cylinders\fP \fInumber\fP
.RS 4
-Specify the number of cylinders of the disk. I have no idea why anybody would want to do so.
+Specify the \fInumber\fP of cylinders of the disk. I have no idea why anybody would want to do so.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-H\fP, \fB\-\-heads\fP \fInumber\fP
.sp
The relative sizes are always aligned according to device I/O limits. The +/\-<size>{K,B,M,G,...} notation is recommended.
.sp
-For backward compatibility fdisk also accepts the suffixes KB=1000, MB=1000*1000, and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB. These 10^N suffixes are deprecated.
+For backward compatibility \fBfdisk\fP also accepts the suffixes KB=1000, MB=1000*1000, and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB. These 10^N suffixes are deprecated.
.SH "SCRIPT FILES"
.sp
\fBfdisk\fP allows reading (by \(aqI\(aq command) \fBsfdisk\fP(8) compatible script files. The script is applied to in\-memory partition table, and then it is possible to modify the partition table before you write it to the device.
.RS 4
An IRIX/SGI disklabel can describe 16 partitions, the eleventh of which should be an entire `volume\(aq partition, while the ninth should be labeled `volume header\(aq. The volume header will also cover the partition table, i.e., it starts at block zero and extends by default over five cylinders. The remaining space in the volume header may be used by header directory entries. No partitions may overlap with the volume header. Also do not change its type or make some filesystem on it, since you will lose the partition table. Use this type of label only when working with Linux on IRIX/SGI machines or IRIX/SGI disks under Linux.
.sp
-A sync() and an ioctl(BLKRRPART) (rereading the partition table from disk) are performed before exiting when the partition table has been updated.
+A \fBsync\fP(2) and an ioctl(BLKRRPART) (rereading the partition table from disk) are performed before exiting when the partition table has been updated.
.RE
.SH "DOS MODE AND DOS 6.X WARNING"
.sp
.sp
The DOS 6.x FORMAT command looks for some information in the first sector of the data area of the partition, and treats this information as more reliable than the information in the partition table. DOS FORMAT expects DOS FDISK to clear the first 512 bytes of the data area of a partition whenever a size change occurs. DOS FORMAT will look at this extra information even if the /U flag is given \(em we consider this a bug in DOS FORMAT and DOS FDISK.
.sp
-The bottom line is that if you use \fBfdisk\fP or \fBcfdisk\fP to change the size of a DOS partition table entry, then you must also use \fBdd\fP(1) to \fBzero the first 512 bytes\fP of that partition before using DOS FORMAT to format the partition. For example, if you were using \fBfdisk\fP to make a DOS partition table entry for \fI/dev/sda1\fP, then (after exiting \fBfdisk\fP and rebooting Linux so that the partition table information is valid) you would use the command \fBdd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda1 bs=512 count=1\fP to zero the first 512 bytes of the partition.
+The bottom line is that if you use \fBfdisk\fP or \fBcfdisk\fP(8) to change the size of a DOS partition table entry, then you must also use \fBdd\fP(1) to \fBzero the first 512 bytes\fP of that partition before using DOS FORMAT to format the partition. For example, if you were using \fBfdisk\fP to make a DOS partition table entry for \fI/dev/sda1\fP, then (after exiting \fBfdisk\fP and rebooting Linux so that the partition table information is valid) you would use the command \fBdd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda1 bs=512 count=1\fP to zero the first 512 bytes of the partition.
.sp
\fBfdisk\fP usually obtains the disk geometry automatically. This is not necessarily the physical disk geometry (indeed, modern disks do not really have anything like a physical geometry, certainly not something that can be described in the simplistic Cylinders/Heads/Sectors form), but it is the disk geometry that MS\-DOS uses for the partition table.
.sp
For best results, you should always use an OS\-specific partition table program. For example, you should make DOS partitions with the DOS FDISK program and Linux partitions with the Linux \fBfdisk\fP or Linux \fBcfdisk\fP(8) programs.
.SH "COLORS"
.sp
-Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file \fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/fdisk.disable\fP.
+The output colorization is implemented by \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) functionality.
+Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/fdisk.disable\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+for the \fBfdisk\fP command or for all tools by
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/disable\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+The user\-specific \fI$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/terminal\-colors.d\fP
+or \fI$HOME/.config/terminal\-colors.d\fP overrides the global setting.
+.sp
+Note that the output colorization may be enabled by default, and in this case
+\fIterminal\-colors.d\fP directories do not have to exist yet.
.sp
-See \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) for more details about colorization configuration. The logical color names supported by \fBfdisk\fP are:
+The logical color names supported by \fBfdisk\fP are:
.sp
\fBheader\fP
.RS 4
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBfdisk\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: findfs
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FINDFS" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "FINDFS" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.br
.RE
.ll
+.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
\fB0\fP
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBfindfs\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: findmnt
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FINDMNT" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "FINDMNT" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
The command\-line option \fB\-\-target\fP accepts any file or directory and then \fBfindmnt\fP displays the filesystem for the given path.
.sp
The command prints all mounted filesystems in the tree\-like format by default.
+.sp
+The relationship between block devices and filesystems is not always one\-to\-one. The filesystem may use more block devices. This is why \fBfindmnt\fP provides SOURCE and SOURCES (pl.) columns. The column SOURCES displays all devices where it is possible to find the same filesystem UUID (or another tag specified in \fIfstab\fP when executed with \fB\-\-fstab\fP and \fB\-\-evaluate\fP).
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
\fB\-A\fP, \fB\-\-all\fP
.sp
\fB\-b\fP, \fB\-\-bytes\fP
.RS 4
-Print the SIZE, USED and AVAIL columns in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
+Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
+.sp
+By default, the unit, sizes are expressed in, is byte, and unit prefixes are in
+power of 2^10 (1024). Abbreviations of symbols are exhibited truncated in order
+to reach a better readability, by exhibiting alone the first letter of them;
+examples: "1 KiB" and "1 MiB" are respectively exhibited as "1 K" and "1 M",
+then omitting on purpose the mention "iB", which is part of these abbreviations.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-C\fP, \fB\-\-nocanonicalize\fP
Canonicalize all printed paths.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-\-deleted\fP
+.RS 4
+Print filesystems where target (mountpoint) is marked as deleted by kernel.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-D\fP, \fB\-\-df\fP
.RS 4
Imitate the output of \fBdf\fP(1). This option is equivalent to \fB\-o SOURCE,FSTYPE,SIZE,USED,AVAIL,USE%,TARGET\fP but excludes all pseudo filesystems. Use \fB\-\-all\fP to print all filesystems.
.sp
\fB\-e\fP, \fB\-\-evaluate\fP
.RS 4
-Convert all tags (LABEL, UUID, PARTUUID or PARTLABEL) to the corresponding device names.
+Convert all tags (LABEL, UUID, PARTUUID, or PARTLABEL) to the corresponding device names for the SOURCE column. It\(cqs an unusual situation, but the same tag may be duplicated (used for more devices). For this purpose, there is SOURCES (pl.) column. This column displays by multi\-line cell all devices where the tag is detected by libblkid. This option makes sense for \fIfstab\fP only.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-F\fP, \fB\-\-tab\-file\fP \fIpath\fP
Print the first matching filesystem only.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
-.RE
-.sp
\fB\-i\fP, \fB\-\-invert\fP
.RS 4
Invert the sense of matching.
.sp
\fB\-k\fP, \fB\-\-kernel\fP
.RS 4
-Search in \fI/proc/self/mountinfo\fP. The output is in the tree\-like format. This is the default. The output contains only mount options maintained by kernel (see also \fB\-\-mtab)\fP.
+Search in \fI/proc/self/mountinfo\fP. The output is in the tree\-like format. This is the default. The output contains only mount options maintained by kernel (see also \fB\-\-mtab\fP).
.RE
.sp
\fB\-l\fP, \fB\-\-list\fP
.sp
\fB\-P\fP, \fB\-\-pairs\fP
.RS 4
-Produce output in the form of key="value" pairs. All potentially unsafe value characters are hex\-escaped (\(rsx<code>). The key (variable name) will be modified to contain only characters allowed for a shell variable identifiers, for example, FS_OPTIONS and USE_PCT instead of FS\-OPTIONS and USE%.
+Produce output in the form of key="value" pairs. All potentially unsafe value characters are hex\-escaped (\(rsx<code>). See also option \fB\-\-shell\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-poll\fP[\fI=list\fP]
.sp
\fB\-\-tree\fP
.RS 4
-Enable tree\-like output if possible. The options is silently ignored for tables where is missing child\-parent relation (e.g., fstab).
+Enable tree\-like output if possible. The options is silently ignored for tables where is missing child\-parent relation (e.g., \fIfstab\fP).
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-shadowed\fP
.sp
\fB\-x\fP, \fB\-\-verify\fP
.RS 4
-Check mount table content. The default is to verify \fI/etc/fstab\fP parsability and usability. It\(cqs possible to use this option also with \fB\-\-tab\-file\fP. It\(cqs possible to specify source (device) or target (mountpoint) to filter mount table. The option \fB\-\-verbose\fP forces findmnt to print more details.
+Check mount table content. The default is to verify \fI/etc/fstab\fP parsability and usability. It\(cqs possible to use this option also with \fB\-\-tab\-file\fP. It\(cqs possible to specify source (device) or target (mountpoint) to filter mount table. The option \fB\-\-verbose\fP forces \fBfindmnt\fP to print more details.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-verbose\fP
.RS 4
-Force findmnt to print more information (\fB\-\-verify\fP only for now).
+Force \fBfindmnt\fP to print more information (\fB\-\-verify\fP only for now).
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-vfs\-all\fP
.RS 4
When used with \fBVFS\-OPTIONS\fP column, print all VFS (fs\-independent) flags. This option is designed for auditing purposes to list also default VFS kernel mount options which are normally not listed.
.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-y\fP, \fB\-\-shell\fP
+.RS 4
+The column name will be modified to contain only characters allowed for shell variable identifiers. This is usable, for example, with \fB\-\-pairs\fP. Note that this feature has been automatically enabled for \fB\-\-pairs\fP in version 2.37, but due to compatibility issues, now it\(cqs necessary to request this behavior by \fB\-\-shell\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
+.SH "EXIT STATUS"
+.sp
+The exit value is 0 if there is something to display, or 1 on any error
+(for example if no filesystem is found based on the user\(cqs filter
+specification, or the device path or mountpoint does not exist).
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
+
\fBLIBMOUNT_FSTAB\fP=<path>
.RS 4
-overrides the default location of the fstab file
+overrides the default location of the \fIfstab\fP file
.RE
.sp
+
\fBLIBMOUNT_MTAB\fP=<path>
.RS 4
-overrides the default location of the mtab file
+overrides the default location of the \fImtab\fP file
.RE
.sp
-LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBMOUNT_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables libmount debug output
.RE
.sp
-LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables libsmartcols debug output
.RE
.sp
-LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on
+\fBLIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING\fP=on
.RS 4
use visible padding characters.
.RE
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBfindmnt\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FSCK" "8" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "FSCK" "8" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBfsck\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: fsck.cramfs
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FSCK.CRAMFS" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "FSCK.CRAMFS" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
This option is silently ignored.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBfsck.cramfs\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: fsck.minix
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FSCK.MINIX" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "FSCK.MINIX" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.RE
.ll
.sp
-If the filesystem was changed, i.e., repaired, then \fBfsck.minix\fP will print "FILE SYSTEM HAS CHANGED" and will \fBsync\fP(2) three times before exiting. There is \fIno\fP need to reboot after check.
+If the filesystem was changed, i.e., repaired, then \fBfsck.minix\fP will print "FILE SYSTEM HAS BEEN CHANGED" and will \fBsync\fP(2) three times before exiting. There is \fIno\fP need to reboot after check.
.SH "WARNING"
.sp
\fBfsck.minix\fP should \fBnot\fP be used on a mounted filesystem. Using \fBfsck.minix\fP on a mounted filesystem is very dangerous, due to the possibility that deleted files are still in use, and can seriously damage a perfectly good filesystem! If you absolutely have to run \fBfsck.minix\fP on a mounted filesystem, such as the root filesystem, make sure nothing is writing to the disk, and that no files are "zombies" waiting for deletion.
Force a filesystem check even if the filesystem was marked as valid. Marking is done by the kernel when the filesystem is unmounted.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBfsck.minix\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: fsfreeze
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FSFREEZE" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "FSFREEZE" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-f\fP, \fB\-\-freeze\fP
.RS 4
-This option requests the specified a filesystem to be frozen from new modifications. When this is selected, all ongoing transactions in the filesystem are allowed to complete, new write system calls are halted, other calls which modify the filesystem are halted, and all dirty data, metadata, and log information are written to disk. Any process attempting to write to the frozen filesystem will block waiting for the filesystem to be unfrozen.
+This option requests the specified filesystem to be frozen from new modifications. When this is selected, all ongoing transactions in the filesystem are allowed to complete, new \fBwrite\fP(2) system calls are halted, other calls which modify the filesystem are halted, and all dirty data, metadata, and log information are written to disk. Any process attempting to write to the frozen filesystem will block waiting for the filesystem to be unfrozen.
.sp
Note that even after freezing, the on\-disk filesystem can contain information on files that are still in the process of unlinking. These files will not be unlinked until the filesystem is unfrozen or a clean mount of the snapshot is complete.
.RE
This option is used to un\-freeze the filesystem and allow operations to continue. Any filesystem modifications that were blocked by the freeze are unblocked and allowed to complete.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "FILESYSTEM SUPPORT"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBfsfreeze\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: fstrim
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "FSTRIM" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "FSTRIM" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-A, \-\-fstab\fP
.RS 4
-Trim all mounted filesystems mentioned in \fI/etc/fstab\fP on devices that support the discard operation. The root filesystem is determined from kernel command line if missing in the file. The other supplied options, like \fB\-\-offset\fP, \fB\-\-length\fP and \fB\-\-minimum\fP, are applied to all these devices. Errors from filesystems that do not support the discard operation, read\-only devices and read\-only filesystems are silently ignored.
+Trim all mounted filesystems mentioned in \fI/etc/fstab\fP on devices that support the discard operation. The root filesystem is determined from kernel command line if missing in the file. The other supplied options, like \fB\-\-offset\fP, \fB\-\-length\fP and \fB\-\-minimum\fP, are applied to all these devices. Errors from filesystems that do not support the discard operation, read\-only devices, autofs and read\-only filesystems are silently ignored. Filesystems with "X\-fstrim.notrim" mount option are skipped.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-a, \-\-all\fP
Specifies a colon\-separated list of files in fstab or kernel mountinfo format. All missing or empty files are silently ignored. The evaluation of the \fIlist\fP stops after first non\-empty file. For example:
.sp
\fB\-\-listed\-in /etc/fstab:/proc/self/mountinfo\fP.
+.sp
+Filesystems with "X\-fstrim.notrim" mount option in fstab are skipped.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-m, \-\-minimum\fP \fIminimum\-size\fP
.RS 4
-Minimum contiguous free range to discard, in bytes. (This value is internally rounded up to a multiple of the filesystem block size.) Free ranges smaller than this will be ignored and fstrim will adjust the minimum if it\(cqs smaller than the device\(cqs minimum, and report that (fstrim_range.minlen) back to userspace. By increasing this value, the fstrim operation will complete more quickly for filesystems with badly fragmented freespace, although not all blocks will be discarded. The default value is zero, discarding every free block.
+Minimum contiguous free range to discard, in bytes. (This value is internally rounded up to a multiple of the filesystem block size.) Free ranges smaller than this will be ignored and \fBfstrim\fP will adjust the minimum if it\(cqs smaller than the device\(cqs minimum, and report that (fstrim_range.minlen) back to userspace. By increasing this value, the \fBfstrim\fP operation will complete more quickly for filesystems with badly fragmented freespace, although not all blocks will be discarded. The default value is zero, discarding every free block.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-v, \-\-verbose\fP
.sp
\fB\-\-quiet\-unsupported\fP
.RS 4
-Suppress error messages if trim operation (ioctl) is unsupported. This option is meant to be used in systemd service file or in cron scripts to hide warnings that are result of known problems, such as NTFS driver reporting \fIBad file descriptor\fP when device is mounted read\-only, or lack of file system support for ioctl FITRIM call. This option also cleans exit status when unsupported filesystem specified on fstrim command line.
+Suppress error messages if trim operation (ioctl) is unsupported. This option is meant to be used in \fBsystemd\fP service file or in \fBcron\fP(8) scripts to hide warnings that are result of known problems, such as NTFS driver reporting \fIBad file descriptor\fP when device is mounted read\-only, or lack of file system support for ioctl \fIFITRIM\fP call. This option also cleans exit status when unsupported filesystem specified on \fBfstrim\fP command line.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBfstrim\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: hwclock
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "HWCLOCK" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "HWCLOCK" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
This epoch value is used whenever \fBhwclock\fP reads or sets the Hardware Clock on an Alpha machine. For ISA machines the kernel uses the fixed Hardware Clock epoch of 1900.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-\-param\-get=\fP\fIparameter\fP; \fB\-\-param\-set=\fP\fIparameter\fP=\fIvalue\fP
+.RS 4
+Read and set the RTC\(cqs parameter. This is useful, for example, to retrieve the RTC\(cqs feature or set the RTC\(cqs Backup Switchover Mode.
+.sp
+\fIparameter\fP is either a numeric RTC parameter value (see the Kernel\(cqs \fIinclude/uapi/linux/rtc.h\fP) or an alias. See \fB\-\-help\fP for a list of valid aliases. \fIparameter\fP and \fIvalue\fP, if prefixed with 0x, are interpreted as hexadecimal, otherwise decimal values.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-\-predict\fP
.RS 4
Predict what the Hardware Clock will read in the future based upon the time given by the \fB\-\-date\fP option and the information in \fI/etc/adjtime\fP. This is useful, for example, to account for drift when setting a Hardware Clock wakeup (aka alarm). See \fBrtcwake\fP(8).
.sp
The System Clock must be kept in the UTC timescale for date\-time applications to work correctly in conjunction with the timezone configured for the system. If the Hardware Clock is kept in local time then the time read from it must be shifted to the UTC timescale before using it to set the System Clock. The \fB\-\-hctosys\fP function does this based upon the information in the \fI/etc/adjtime\fP file or the command line arguments \fB\-\-localtime\fP and \fB\-\-utc\fP. Note: no daylight saving adjustment is made. See the discussion below, under \fBLOCAL vs UTC\fP.
.sp
-The kernel also keeps a timezone value, the \fB\-\-hctosys\fP function sets it to the timezone configured for the system. The system timezone is configured by the TZ environment variable or the \fI/etc/localtime\fP file, as \fBtzset\fP(3) would interpret them. The obsolete \fItz_dsttime\fP field of the kernel\(cqs timezone value is set to zero. (For details on what this field used to mean, see \fBsettimeofday\fP(2).)
+The kernel also keeps a timezone value, the \fB\-\-hctosys\fP function sets it to the timezone configured for the system. The system timezone is configured by the \fBTZ\fP environment variable or the \fI/etc/localtime\fP file, as \fBtzset\fP(3) would interpret them. The obsolete \fItz_dsttime\fP field of the kernel\(cqs timezone value is set to zero. (For details on what this field used to mean, see \fBsettimeofday\fP(2).)
.sp
When used in a startup script, making the \fB\-\-hctosys\fP function the first caller of \fBsettimeofday\fP(2) from boot, it will set the NTP \(aq11 minute mode\(aq timescale via the \fIpersistent_clock_is_local\fP kernel variable. If the Hardware Clock\(cqs timescale configuration is changed then a reboot is required to inform the kernel. See the discussion below, under \fBAutomatic Hardware Clock Synchronization by the Kernel\fP.
.sp
Set the Hardware Clock from the System Clock, and update the timestamps in \fI/etc/adjtime\fP. With the \fB\-\-update\-drift\fP option also (re)calculate the drift factor. Try it without the option if \fB\-\-systohc\fP fails. See \fB\-\-update\-drift\fP below.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
.sp
\fI/etc/adjtime\fP
.RS 4
-The configuration and state file for hwclock.
+The configuration and state file for \fBhwclock\fP. See also \fBadjtime_config\fP(5).
.RE
.sp
\fI/etc/localtime\fP
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.sp
\fBdate\fP(1),
+\fBadjtime_config\fP(5),
\fBadjtimex\fP(8),
\fBgettimeofday\fP(2),
\fBsettimeofday\fP(2),
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBhwclock\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: isosize
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "ISOSIZE" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "ISOSIZE" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
The size of the file (or block device) holding an iso9660 filesystem can be marginally larger than the actual size of the iso9660 filesystem. One reason for this is that cd writers are allowed to add "run out" sectors at the end of an iso9660 image.
.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
\fB0\fP
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBisosize\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: ldattach
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LDATTACH" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "LDATTACH" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-c\fP, \fB\-\-intro\-command\fP \fIstring\fP
.RS 4
-Define an intro command that is sent through the serial line before the invocation of ldattach. E.g. in conjunction with line discipline GSM0710, the command \(aqAT+CMUX=0\(rsr\(aq is commonly suitable to switch the modem into the CMUX mode.
+Define an intro command that is sent through the serial line before the invocation of \fBldattach\fP. E.g. in conjunction with line discipline GSM0710, the command \(aqAT+CMUX=0\(rsr\(aq is commonly suitable to switch the modem into the CMUX mode.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-pause\fP \fIvalue\fP
.RS 4
-Sleep for \fIvalue\fP seconds before the invocation of ldattach. Default is one second.
+Sleep for \fIvalue\fP seconds before the invocation of \fBldattach\fP. Default is one second.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBldattach\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: losetup
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-03-09
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LOSETUP" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "LOSETUP" "8" "2022-03-09" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
Set up a loop device:
.sp
-\fBlosetup\fP [\fB\-o\fP \fIoffset\fP] [\fB\-\-sizelimit\fP \fIsize\fP] [\fB\-\-sector\-size\fP \fIsize\fP] [\fB\-Pr\fP] [\fB\-\-show\fP] \fB\-f\fP \fIloopdev file\fP
+\fBlosetup\fP [\fB\-o\fP \fIoffset\fP] [\fB\-\-sizelimit\fP \fIsize\fP] [\fB\-\-sector\-size\fP \fIsize\fP] [\fB\-Pr\fP] [\fB\-\-show\fP] \fB\-f\fP|\fIloopdev file\fP
.sp
Resize a loop device:
.sp
.sp
It\(cqs possible to create more independent loop devices for the same backing file. \fBThis setup may be dangerous, can cause data loss, corruption and overwrites.\fP Use \fB\-\-nooverlap\fP with \fB\-\-find\fP during setup to avoid this problem.
.sp
-The loop device setup is not an atomic operation when used with \fB\-\-find\fP, and \fBlosetup\fP does not protect this operation by any lock. The number of attempts is internally restricted to a maximum of 16. It is recommended to use for example flock1 to avoid a collision in heavily parallel use cases.
+The loop device setup is not an atomic operation when used with \fB\-\-find\fP, and \fBlosetup\fP does not protect this operation by any lock. The number of attempts is internally restricted to a maximum of 16. It is recommended to use for example \fBflock\fP(1) to avoid a collision in heavily parallel use cases.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
The \fIsize\fP and \fIoffset\fP arguments may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB") or the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB.
.sp
\fB\-a\fP, \fB\-\-all\fP
.RS 4
-Show the status of all loop devices. Note that not all information is accessible for non\-root users. See also \fB\-\-list\fP. The old output format (as printed without \fB\-\-list)\fP is deprecated.
+Show the status of all loop devices. Note that not all information is accessible for non\-root users. See also \fB\-\-list\fP. The old output format (as printed without \fB\-\-list\fP) is deprecated.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-d\fP, \fB\-\-detach\fP \fIloopdev\fP...
.sp
\fB\-\-direct\-io\fP[\fB=on\fP|\fBoff\fP]
.RS 4
-Enable or disable direct I/O for the backing file. The optional argument can be either \fBon\fP or \fBoff\fP. If the argument is omitted, it defaults to \fBoff\fP.
+Enable or disable direct I/O for the backing file. The optional argument can be either \fBon\fP or \fBoff\fP. If the optional argument is omitted, it defaults to \fBon\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-v\fP, \fB\-\-verbose\fP
.RS 4
Use JSON format for \fB\-\-list\fP output.
.RE
-.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
-.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
-.RE
-.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
-.RE
.SH "ENCRYPTION"
.sp
\fBCryptoloop is no longer supported in favor of dm\-crypt.\fP For more details see \fBcryptsetup\fP(8).
Since version 2.37 \fBlosetup\fP uses \fBLOOP_CONFIGURE\fP ioctl to setup a new loop device by one ioctl call. The old versions use \fBLOOP_SET_FD\fP and \fBLOOP_SET_STATUS64\fP ioctls to do the same.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
-LOOPDEV_DEBUG=all
+\fBLOOPDEV_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables debug output.
.RE
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlosetup\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: lsblk
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LSBLK" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "LSBLK" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
The relationship between block devices and filesystems is not always one\-to\-one. The filesystem may use more block devices, or the same filesystem may be accessible by more paths. This is the reason why \fBlsblk\fP provides MOUNTPOINT and MOUNTPOINTS (pl.) columns. The column MOUNTPOINT displays only one mount point (usually the last mounted instance of the filesystem), and the column MOUNTPOINTS displays by multi\-line cell all mount points associated with the device.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
+\fB\-A\fP, \fB\-\-noempty\fP
+.RS 4
+Don\(cqt print empty devices.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-a\fP, \fB\-\-all\fP
.RS 4
-Also list empty devices and RAM disk devices.
+Disable all built\-in filters and list all empty devices and RAM disk devices too.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-b\fP, \fB\-\-bytes\fP
.RS 4
-Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
+Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
+.sp
+By default, the unit, sizes are expressed in, is byte, and unit prefixes are in
+power of 2^10 (1024). Abbreviations of symbols are exhibited truncated in order
+to reach a better readability, by exhibiting alone the first letter of them;
+examples: "1 KiB" and "1 MiB" are respectively exhibited as "1 K" and "1 M",
+then omitting on purpose the mention "iB", which is part of these abbreviations.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-D\fP, \fB\-\-discard\fP
Output info about filesystems. This option is equivalent to \fB\-o NAME,FSTYPE,FSVER,LABEL,UUID,FSAVAIL,FSUSE%,MOUNTPOINTS\fP. The authoritative information about filesystems and raids is provided by the \fBblkid\fP(8) command.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
-.RE
-.sp
\fB\-I\fP, \fB\-\-include\fP \fIlist\fP
.RS 4
Include devices specified by the comma\-separated \fIlist\fP of major device numbers. The filter is applied to the top\-level devices only. This may be confusing for \fB\-\-list\fP output format where hierarchy of the devices is not obvious.
.sp
\fB\-P\fP, \fB\-\-pairs\fP
.RS 4
-Produce output in the form of key="value" pairs. The output lines are still ordered by dependencies. All potentially unsafe value characters are hex\-escaped (\(rsx<code>). The key (variable name) will be modified to contain only characters allowed for a shell variable identifiers, for example, MIN_IO and FSUSE_PCT instead of MIN\-IO and FSUSE%.
+Produce output in the form of key="value" pairs. The output lines are still ordered by dependencies. All potentially unsafe value characters are hex\-escaped (\(rsx<code>). See also option \fB\-\-shell\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-paths\fP
\fB\-o NAME,ALIGNMENT,MIN\-IO,OPT\-IO,PHY\-SEC,LOG\-SEC,ROTA,SCHED,RQ\-SIZE,RA,WSAME\fP.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-w\fP, \fB\-\-width\fP \fInumber\fP
Sort output lines by \fIcolumn\fP. This option enables \fB\-\-list\fP output format by default. It is possible to use the option \fB\-\-tree\fP to force tree\-like output and than the tree branches are sorted by the \fIcolumn\fP.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-y\fP, \fB\-\-shell\fP
+.RS 4
+The column name will be modified to contain only characters allowed for shell variable identifiers, for example, MIN_IO and FSUSE_PCT instead of MIN\-IO and FSUSE%. This is usable, for example, with \fB\-\-pairs\fP. Note that this feature has been automatically enabled for \fB\-\-pairs\fP in version 2.37, but due to compatibility issues, now it\(cqs necessary to request this behavior by \fB\-\-shell\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-z\fP, \fB\-\-zoned\fP
.RS 4
-Print the zone model for each device.
+Print the zone related information for each device.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-sysroot\fP \fIdirectory\fP
.RE
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
-LSBLK_DEBUG=all
+\fBLSBLK_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables \fBlsblk\fP debug output.
.RE
.sp
-LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBBLKID_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables \fBlibblkid\fP debug output.
.RE
.sp
-LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBMOUNT_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables \fBlibmount\fP debug output.
.RE
.sp
-LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables \fBlibsmartcols\fP debug output.
.RE
.sp
-LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on
+\fBLIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING\fP=on
.RS 4
use visible padding characters.
.RE
.sp
For partitions, some information (e.g., queue attributes) is inherited from the parent device.
.sp
-The \fBlsblk\fP command needs to be able to look up each block device by major:minor numbers, which is done by using \fI/sys/dev/block\fP. This sysfs block directory appeared in kernel 2.6.27 (October 2008). In case of problems with a new enough kernel, check that CONFIG_SYSFS was enabled at the time of the kernel build.
+The \fBlsblk\fP command needs to be able to look up each block device by major:minor numbers, which is done by using \fI/sys/dev/block\fP. This sysfs block directory appeared in kernel 2.6.27 (October 2008). In case of problems with a new enough kernel, check that \fBCONFIG_SYSFS\fP was enabled at the time of the kernel build.
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.MTO "mbroz\(atredhat.com" "Milan Broz" ","
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlsblk\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: lslocks
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LSLOCKS" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "LSLOCKS" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-b\fP, \fB\-\-bytes\fP
.RS 4
-Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
+Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
+.sp
+By default, the unit, sizes are expressed in, is byte, and unit prefixes are in
+power of 2^10 (1024). Abbreviations of symbols are exhibited truncated in order
+to reach a better readability, by exhibiting alone the first letter of them;
+examples: "1 KiB" and "1 MiB" are respectively exhibited as "1 K" and "1 M",
+then omitting on purpose the mention "iB", which is part of these abbreviations.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-i\fP, \fB\-\-noinaccessible\fP
Do not truncate text in columns.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "OUTPUT"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlslocks\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: lsns
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "LSNS" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "LSNS" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fBlsns\fP lists information about all the currently accessible namespaces or about the given \fInamespace\fP. The \fInamespace\fP identifier is an inode number.
.sp
-The default output is subject to change. So whenever possible, you should avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define expected columns by using the \fB\-\-output\fP option together with a columns list in environments where a stable output is required.
+The default output is subject to change. So whenever possible, you should avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define expected output mode (\fB\-\-tree\fP or \fB\-\-list\fP) and columns by using the \fB\-\-output\fP option together with a columns list in environments where a stable output is required.
.sp
The \fBNSFS\fP column, printed when \fBnet\fP is specified for the \fB\-\-type\fP option, is special; it uses multi\-line cells. Use the option \fB\-\-nowrap\fP to switch to ","\-separated single\-line representation.
.sp
Do not use multi\-line text in columns.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-T\fP, \fB\-\-tree\fP \fIrel\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Use tree\-like output format. If \fBprocess\fP is given as \fIrel\fP, print process tree(s) in each name space. This is default when \fB\-\-tree\fP is not specified. If \fBparent\fP is given, print tree(s) constructed by the parent/child relationship. If \fBowner\fP is given, print tree(s) constructed by the owner/owned relationship. \fBowner\fP is used as default when \fIrel\fP is omitted.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
Display help text and exit.
.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.MTO "kzak\(atredhat.com" "Karel Zak" ""
\fBunshare\fP(1),
\fBclone\fP(2),
\fBnamespaces\fP(7),
-\fBioctl_ns(2)\fP
+\fBioctl_ns\fP(2)
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBlsns\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: mkfs
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "MKFS" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "MKFS" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Produce verbose output, including all filesystem\-specific commands that are executed. Specifying this option more than once inhibits execution of any filesystem\-specific commands. This is really only useful for testing.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit. (Option \fB\-V\fP will display version information only when it is the only parameter, otherwise it will work as \fB\-\-verbose\fP.)
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
+(Option \fB\-V\fP will display version information only when it is the only parameter, otherwise it will work as \fB\-\-verbose\fP.)
.RE
.SH "BUGS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBmkfs\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: mkfs.bfs
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "MKFS.BFS" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "MKFS.BFS" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit. Option \fB\-V\fP only works as \fB\-\-version\fP when it is the only option.
+Print version and exit.
+Option \fB\-V\fP only works as \fB\-\-version\fP when it is the only option.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBmkfs.bfs\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: mkfs.cramfs
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "MKFS.CRAMFS" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "MKFS.CRAMFS" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBmkfs.cramfs\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: mkfs.minix
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "MKFS.MINIX" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "MKFS.MINIX" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-\-lock\fP[=\fImode\fP]
.RS 4
-Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument \fImode\fP can be \fByes\fP, \fBno\fP (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fP. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fP. This option overwrites environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fP. The default is not to use any lock at all, but it\(cqs recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other tools.
+Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument \fImode\fP can be \fByes\fP, \fBno\fP (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fP. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fByes\fP. This option overwrites environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fP. The default is not to use any lock at all, but it\(cqs recommended to avoid collisions with \fBsystemd\-udevd\fP(8) or other tools.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-i\fP, \fB\-\-inodes\fP \fInumber\fP
Make a Minix version 3 filesystem.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit. The long option cannot be combined with other options.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
+The long option cannot be combined with other options.
.RE
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBmkfs.minix\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: mkswap
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "MKSWAP" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "MKSWAP" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
The \fIsize\fP parameter is superfluous but retained for backwards compatibility. (It specifies the desired size of the swap area in 1024\-byte blocks. \fBmkswap\fP will use the entire partition or file if it is omitted. Specifying it is unwise \- a typo may destroy your disk.)
.sp
-After creating the swap area, you need the \fBswapon\fP command to start using it. Usually swap areas are listed in \fI/etc/fstab\fP so that they can be taken into use at boot time by a \fBswapon \-a\fP command in some boot script.
+After creating the swap area, you need the \fBswapon\fP(8) command to start using it. Usually swap areas are listed in \fI/etc/fstab\fP so that they can be taken into use at boot time by a \fBswapon \-a\fP command in some boot script.
.SH "WARNING"
.sp
The swap header does not touch the first block. A boot loader or disk label can be there, but it is not a recommended setup. The recommended setup is to use a separate partition for a Linux swap area.
Also, without this option, \fBmkswap\fP will refuse to erase the first block on a device with a partition table.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-q\fP, \fB\-\-quiet\fP
+.RS 4
+Suppress output and warning messages.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-L\fP, \fB\-\-label\fP \fIlabel\fP
.RS 4
-Specify a \fIlabel\fP for the device, to allow \fBswapon\fP by label.
+Specify a \fIlabel\fP for the device, to allow \fBswapon\fP(8) by label.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-lock\fP[=\fImode\fP]
.RS 4
-Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument \fImode\fP can be \fByes\fP, \fBno\fP (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fP. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fP. This option overwrites environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fP. The default is not to use any lock at all, but it\(cqs recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other tools.
+Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument \fImode\fP can be \fByes\fP, \fBno\fP (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fP. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fByes\fP. This option overwrites environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fP. The default is not to use any lock at all, but it\(cqs recommended to avoid collisions with \fBsystemd\-udevd\fP(8) or other tools.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-pagesize\fP \fIsize\fP
.sp
\fB\-U\fP, \fB\-\-uuid\fP \fIUUID\fP
.RS 4
-Specify the \fIUUID\fP to use. The default is to generate a UUID.
+Specify the \fIUUID\fP to use. The default is to generate a UUID. The format of the UUID is a series of
+hex digits separated by hyphens, like this: "c1b9d5a2\-f162\-11cf\-9ece\-0020afc76f16". The UUID parameter
+may also be one of the following:
+.sp
+\fBclear\fP
+.RS 4
+clear the filesystem UUID
+.RE
+.sp
+\fBrandom\fP
+.RS 4
+generate a new randomly\-generated UUID
+.RE
+.sp
+\fBtime\fP
+.RS 4
+generate a new time\-based UUID
+.RE
.RE
.sp
\fB\-v\fP, \fB\-\-swapversion 1\fP
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
.sp
\fBmkswap\fP refuses areas smaller than 10 pages.
.sp
-If you don\(cqt know the page size that your machine uses, you may be able to look it up with \fBcat /proc/cpuinfo\fP (or you may not \- the contents of this file depend on architecture and kernel version).
+If you don\(cqt know the page size that your machine uses, you can look it up with \fBgetconf PAGESIZE\fP.
.sp
To set up a swap file, it is necessary to create that file before initializing it with \fBmkswap\fP, e.g. using a command like
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBmkswap\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: mount
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "MOUNT" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "MOUNT" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fBmount\fP \fB\-\-bind\fP|\fB\-\-rbind\fP|\fB\-\-move\fP \fIolddir newdir\fP
.sp
-\fBmount\fP \fB\-\-make\fP\-[\fBshared\fP|\fBslave\fP|\fBprivate\fP|\fBunbindable\fP|\fBrshared\fP|\fBrslave\fP|\fBrprivate\fP|\fBrunbindable\fP] \fImountpoint\fP
+\fBmount\fP \fB\-\-make\-\fP[\fBshared\fP|\fBslave\fP|\fBprivate\fP|\fBunbindable\fP|\fBrshared\fP|\fBrslave\fP|\fBrprivate\fP|\fBrunbindable\fP] \fImountpoint\fP
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.sp
All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at \fI/\fP. These files can be spread out over several devices. The \fBmount\fP command serves to attach the filesystem found on some device to the big file tree. Conversely, the \fBumount\fP(8) command will detach it again. The filesystem is used to control how data is stored on the device or provided in a virtual way by network or other services.
.RS 3
.ll -.6i
.sp
-\fBmount /dir\fP
+\fBmount\fP \fI/dir\fP
.br
.RE
.ll
.RS 3
.ll -.6i
.sp
-\fBmount \-\-target /mountpoint\fP
+\fBmount \-\-target\fP \fI/mountpoint\fP
.br
.RE
.ll
.sp
PARTLABEL=\fIlabel\fP
.RS 4
-Human readable partition identifier. This identifier is independent on filesystem and does not change by mkfs or mkswap operations It\(cqs supported for example for GUID Partition Tables (GPT).
+Human readable partition identifier. This identifier is independent on filesystem and does not change by \fBmkfs\fP or \fBmkswap\fP operations. It\(cqs supported for example for GUID Partition Tables (GPT).
.RE
.sp
PARTUUID=\fIuuid\fP
.RS 4
-Partition universally unique identifier. This identifier is independent on filesystem and does not change by mkfs or mkswap operations It\(cqs supported for example for GUID Partition Tables (GPT).
+Partition universally unique identifier. This identifier is independent on filesystem and does not change by \fBmkfs\fP or \fBmkswap\fP operations. It\(cqs supported for example for GUID Partition Tables (GPT).
.RE
.sp
ID=\fIid\fP
.RS 3
.ll -.6i
.sp
-\fBmount\fP \fIdevice\fP*\fB*\fP|\fIdir\fP \fB\-o\fP \fIoptions\fP
+\fBmount\fP \fIdevice\fP|\fIdir\fP \fB\-o\fP \fIoptions\fP
.br
.RE
.ll
.RS 3
.ll -.6i
.sp
-\fBmount \-\-bind\fP \fIolddir newdir\fP \fBmount \-o remount,bind,ro\fP \fIolddir newdir\fP
+\fBmount \-\-bind\fP \fIolddir newdir\fP
+.sp
+\fBmount \-o remount,bind,ro\fP \fIolddir newdir\fP
.br
.RE
.ll
.sp
Note that a read\-only bind will create a read\-only mountpoint (VFS entry), but the original filesystem superblock will still be writable, meaning that the \fIolddir\fP will be writable, but the \fInewdir\fP will be read\-only.
.sp
-It\(cqs also possible to change nosuid, nodev, noexec, noatime, nodiratime and relatime VFS entry flags via a "remount,bind" operation. The other flags (for example filesystem\-specific flags) are silently ignored. It\(cqs impossible to change mount options recursively (for example with \fB\-o rbind,ro\fP).
+It\(cqs also possible to change nosuid, nodev, noexec, noatime, nodiratime, relatime and nosymfollow VFS entry flags via a "remount,bind" operation. The other flags (for example filesystem\-specific flags) are silently ignored. It\(cqs impossible to change mount options recursively (for example with \fB\-o rbind,ro\fP).
.sp
-Since util\-linux 2.31, \fBmount\fP ignores the \fBbind\fP flag from \fI/etc/fstab\fP on a \fBremount\fP operation (if "\-o remount" is specified on command line). This is necessary to fully control mount options on remount by command line. In previous versions the bind flag has been always applied and it was impossible to re\-define mount options without interaction with the bind semantic. This \fBmount\fP behavior does not affect situations when "remount,bind" is specified in the \fI/etc/fstab\fP file.
+Since util\-linux 2.31, \fBmount\fP ignores the \fBbind\fP flag from \fI/etc/fstab\fP on a \fBremount\fP operation (if \fB\-o remount\fP is specified on command line). This is necessary to fully control mount options on remount by command line. In previous versions the bind flag has been always applied and it was impossible to re\-define mount options without interaction with the bind semantic. This \fBmount\fP behavior does not affect situations when "remount,bind" is specified in the \fI/etc/fstab\fP file.
.SS "The move operation"
.sp
Move a \fBmounted tree\fP to another place (atomically). The call is:
.fi
.if n .RE
.sp
-\fBmount\fP(8) \fBdoes not read\fP \fBfstab\fP(5) when a \fB\-\-make\-\fP* operation is requested. All necessary information has to be specified on the command line.
+\fBmount\fP \fBdoes not read\fP \fBfstab\fP(5) when a \fB\-\-make\-\fP* operation is requested. All necessary information has to be specified on the command line.
.sp
Note that the Linux kernel does not allow changing multiple propagation flags with a single \fBmount\fP(2) system call, and the flags cannot be mixed with other mount options and operations.
.sp
.sp
The full set of mount options used by an invocation of \fBmount\fP is determined by first extracting the mount options for the filesystem from the \fIfstab\fP table, then applying any options specified by the \fB\-o\fP argument, and finally applying a \fB\-r\fP or \fB\-w\fP option, when present.
.sp
-The \fBmount\fP command does not pass all command\-line options to the \fB/sbin/mount.\fP\fIsuffix\fP mount helpers. The interface between \fBmount\fP and the mount helpers is described below in the section \fBEXTERNAL HELPERS\fP.
+The \fBmount\fP command does not pass all command\-line options to the \fB/sbin/mount.\fP\fIsuffix\fP mount helpers. The interface between \fBmount\fP and the mount helpers is described below in the \fBEXTERNAL HELPERS\fP section.
.sp
Command\-line options available for the \fBmount\fP command are:
.sp
.RS 4
Mount all filesystems (of the given types) mentioned in \fIfstab\fP (except for those whose line contains the \fBnoauto\fP keyword). The filesystems are mounted following their order in \fIfstab\fP. The \fBmount\fP command compares filesystem source, target (and fs root for bind mount or btrfs) to detect already mounted filesystems. The kernel table with already mounted filesystems is cached during \fBmount \-\-all\fP. This means that all duplicated \fIfstab\fP entries will be mounted.
.sp
+The correct functionality depends on \fI/proc\fP (to detect already mounted filesystems) and on \fI/sys\fP (to evaluate filesystem tags like UUID= or LABEL=). It\(cqs strongly recommended to mount \fI/proc\fP and \fI/sys\fP filesystems before \fBmount \-a\fP is executed, or keep /proc and /sys at the beginning of \fIfstab\fP.
+.sp
The option \fB\-\-all\fP is possible to use for remount operation too. In this case all filters (\fB\-t\fP and \fB\-O\fP) are applied to the table of already mounted filesystems.
.sp
-Since version 2.35 is possible to use the command line option \fB\-o\fP to alter mount options from \fIfstab\fP (see also \fB\-\-options\-mode\fP).
+Since version 2.35 it is possible to use the command line option \fB\-o\fP to alter mount options from \fIfstab\fP (see also \fB\-\-options\-mode\fP).
.sp
Note that it is a bad practice to use \fBmount \-a\fP for \fIfstab\fP checking. The recommended solution is \fBfindmnt \-\-verify\fP.
.RE
Move a subtree to some other place. See above, the subsection \fBThe move operation\fP.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-m\fP, \fB\-\-mkdir\fP[=\fImode\fP]
+.RS 4
+Allow to make a target directory (mountpoint) if it does not exist yet. Alias to "\-o X\-mount.mkdir[=mode]", the default mode is 0755. For more details see \fBX\-mount.mkdir\fP below.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-n\fP, \fB\-\-no\-mtab\fP
.RS 4
Mount without writing in \fI/etc/mtab\fP. This is necessary for example when \fI/etc\fP is on a read\-only filesystem.
.RS 4
Perform the mount operation in the mount namespace specified by \fIns\fP. \fIns\fP is either PID of process running in that namespace or special file representing that namespace.
.sp
-\fBmount\fP switches to the mount namespace when it reads \fI/etc/fstab\fP, writes \fI/etc/mtab: (or writes to _/run/mount\fP) and calls the \fBmount\fP(2) system call, otherwise it runs in the original mount namespace. This means that the target namespace does not have to contain any libraries or other requirements necessary to execute the \fBmount\fP(2) call.
+\fBmount\fP switches to the mount namespace when it reads \fI/etc/fstab\fP, writes \fI/etc/mtab: (or writes to _/run/mount\fP) and calls \fBmount\fP(2), otherwise it runs in the original mount namespace. This means that the target namespace does not have to contain any libraries or other requirements necessary to execute the \fBmount\fP(2) call.
.sp
See \fBmount_namespaces\fP(7) for more information.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-options\-source\fP \fIsource\fP
.RS 4
-Source of default options. \fIsource\fP is a comma\-separated list of \fBfstab\fP, \fBmtab\fP and \fBdisable\fP. \fBdisable\fP disables \fBfstab\fP and \fBmtab\fP and disables \fB\-\-options\-source\-force\fP. The default value is \fBfstab,mtab\fP.
+Source of default options. \fIsource\fP is a comma\-separated list of \fBfstab\fP, \fBmtab\fP and \fBdisable\fP. \fBdisable\fP disables \fBfstab\fP and \fBmtab\fP and enables \fB\-\-options\-source\-force\fP. The default value is \fBfstab,mtab\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-options\-source\-force\fP
.sp
\fB\-w\fP, \fB\-\-rw\fP, \fB\-\-read\-write\fP
.RS 4
-Mount the filesystem read/write. Read\-write is the kernel default and the \fBmount\fP default is to try read\-only if the previous mount syscall with read\-write flags on write\-protected devices of filesystems failed.
+Mount the filesystem read/write. Read\-write is the kernel default and the \fBmount\fP default is to try read\-only if the previous \fBmount\fP(2) syscall with read\-write flags on write\-protected devices failed.
.sp
A synonym is \fB\-o rw\fP.
.sp
Note that specifying \fB\-w\fP on the command line forces \fBmount\fP to never try read\-only mount on write\-protected devices or already mounted read\-only filesystems.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "FILESYSTEM\-INDEPENDENT MOUNT OPTIONS"
.sp
Some of these options are only useful when they appear in the \fI/etc/fstab\fP file.
.sp
-Some of these options could be enabled or disabled by default in the system kernel. To check the current setting see the options in \fI/proc/mounts\fP. Note that filesystems also have per\-filesystem specific default mount options (see for example \fBtune2fs \-l\fP output for ext_N_ filesystems).
+Some of these options could be enabled or disabled by default in the system kernel. To check the current setting see the options in \fI/proc/mounts\fP. Note that filesystems also have per\-filesystem specific default mount options (see for example \fBtune2fs \-l\fP output for ext\fIN\fP filesystems).
.sp
The following options apply to any filesystem that is being mounted (but not every filesystem actually honors them \- e.g., the \fBsync\fP option today has an effect only for ext2, ext3, ext4, fat, vfat, ufs and xfs):
.sp
.sp
\fBexec\fP
.RS 4
-Permit execution of binaries.
+Permit execution of binaries and other executable files.
.RE
.sp
\fBnoexec\fP
.sp
\fBmand\fP
.RS 4
-Allow mandatory locks on this filesystem. See \fBfcntl\fP(2).
+Allow mandatory locks on this filesystem. See \fBfcntl\fP(2). This option was deprecated in Linux 5.15.
.RE
.sp
\fBnomand\fP
.sp
\fBnosuid\fP
.RS 4
-Do not honor set\-user\-ID and set\-group\-ID bits or file capabilities when executing programs from this filesystem. In addition, SELinux domain transitions require permission nosuid_transition, which in turn needs also policy capability nnp_nosuid_transition.
+Do not honor set\-user\-ID and set\-group\-ID bits or file capabilities when executing programs from this filesystem. In addition, SELinux domain transitions require permission \fInosuid_transition\fP, which in turn needs also policy capability \fInnp_nosuid_transition\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fBsilent\fP
.sp
\fBmount \-o remount,rw /dev/foo /dir\fP
.sp
-After this call all old mount options are replaced and arbitrary stuff from \fIfstab\fP (or \fImtab\fP) is ignored, except the loop= option which is internally generated and maintained by the mount command.
+After this call all old mount options are replaced and arbitrary stuff from \fIfstab\fP (or \fImtab\fP) is ignored, except the \fBloop=\fP option which is internally generated and maintained by the \fBmount\fP command.
.sp
\fBmount \-o remount,rw /dir\fP
.sp
-After this call, mount reads \fIfstab\fP and merges these options with the options from the command line (\fB\-o\fP). If no mountpoint is found in \fIfstab\fP, then a remount with unspecified source is allowed.
+After this call, \fBmount\fP reads \fIfstab\fP and merges these options with the options from the command line (\fB\-o\fP). If no mountpoint is found in \fIfstab\fP, then a remount with unspecified source is allowed.
.sp
\fBmount\fP allows the use of \fB\-\-all\fP to remount all already mounted filesystems which match a specified filter (\fB\-O\fP and \fB\-t\fP). For example:
.sp
\fBmount \-\-all \-o remount,ro \-t vfat\fP
.sp
-remounts all already mounted vfat filesystems in read\-only mode. Each of the filesystems is remounted by \fBmount \-o remount,ro /dir\fP semantic. This means the \fBmount\fP command reads \fIfstab\fP or \fImtab\fP and merges these options with the options from the command line.
+remounts all already mounted vfat filesystems in read\-only mode. Each of the filesystems is remounted by \fBmount \-o remount,ro\fP \fI/dir\fP semantic. This means the \fBmount\fP command reads \fIfstab\fP or \fImtab\fP and merges these options with the options from the command line.
.RE
.sp
\fBro\fP
.sp
\fBX\-mount.mkdir\fP[=\fImode\fP]
.RS 4
-Allow to make a target directory (mountpoint) if it does not exit yet. The optional argument \fImode\fP specifies the filesystem access mode used for \fBmkdir\fP(2) in octal notation. The default mode is 0755. This functionality is supported only for root users or when mount executed without suid permissions. The option is also supported as x\-mount.mkdir, this notation is deprecated since v2.30.
+Allow to make a target directory (mountpoint) if it does not exist yet. The optional argument \fImode\fP specifies the filesystem access mode used for \fBmkdir\fP(2) in octal notation. The default mode is 0755. This functionality is supported only for root users or when \fBmount\fP is executed without suid permissions. The option is also supported as \fBx\-mount.mkdir\fP, but this notation is deprecated since v2.30. See also \fB\-\-mkdir\fP command line option.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fBX\-mount.subdir=\fP\fIdirectory\fP
+.RS 4
+Allow mounting sub\-directory from a filesystem instead of the root directory. For now, this feature is implemented by temporary filesystem root directory mount in unshared namespace and then bind the sub\-directory to the final mount point and umount the root of the filesystem. The sub\-directory mount shows up atomically for the rest of the system although it is implemented by multiple \fBmount\fP(2) syscalls. This feature is EXPERIMENTAL.
.RE
.sp
\fBnosymfollow\fP
.sp
\fBcvf_format=\fP\fImodule\fP
.RS 4
-Forces the driver to use the CVF (Compressed Volume File) module cvf__module_ instead of auto\-detection. If the kernel supports kmod, the cvf_format=xxx option also controls on\-demand CVF module loading. This option is obsolete.
+Forces the driver to use the CVF (Compressed Volume File) module cvf\fI_module\fP instead of auto\-detection. If the kernel supports \fBkmod\fP, the \fBcvf_format=\fP\fIxxx\fP option also controls on\-demand CVF module loading. This option is obsolete.
.RE
.sp
\fBcvf_option=\fP\fIoption\fP
See mount options for fat. If the \fImsdos\fP filesystem detects an inconsistency, it reports an error and sets the file system read\-only. The filesystem can be made writable again by remounting it.
.SS "Mount options for ncpfs"
.sp
-Just like \fInfs\fP, the \fIncpfs\fP implementation expects a binary argument (a \fIstruct ncp_mount_data\fP) to the mount system call. This argument is constructed by \fBncpmount\fP(8) and the current version of \fBmount\fP (2.12) does not know anything about ncpfs.
+Just like \fInfs\fP, the \fIncpfs\fP implementation expects a binary argument (a \fIstruct ncp_mount_data\fP) to the \fBmount\fP(2) system call. This argument is constructed by \fBncpmount\fP(8) and the current version of \fBmount\fP (2.12) does not know anything about ncpfs.
.SS "Mount options for ntfs"
.sp
\fBiocharset=\fP\fIname\fP
When the underlying filesystems supports NFS export and the "nfs_export"
feature is enabled, an overlay filesystem may be exported to NFS.
.sp
-With the “nfs_export” feature, on copy_up of any lower object, an index entry
+With the "nfs_export" feature, on copy_up of any lower object, an index entry
is created under the index directory. The index entry name is the hexadecimal
representation of the copy up origin file handle. For a non\-directory object,
the index entry is a hard link to the upper inode. For a directory object, the
.RE
.RE
.sp
-This encoding format is identical to the encoding format file handles that are stored in extended attribute "{\fBtrusted\fP|\fBuser\fP}.overlay.origin". When decoding an overlay file handle, the following steps are followed
+This encoding format is identical to the encoding format of file handles that are stored in extended attribute "{\fBtrusted\fP|\fBuser\fP}.overlay.origin". When decoding an overlay file handle, the following steps are followed
.RS 4
.sp
.RS 4
. sp -1
. IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
-If a whiteout is found in index, return ESTALE. This represents an overlay object that was deleted after its file handle was encoded.
+If a whiteout is found in index, return \fBESTALE\fP. This represents an overlay object that was deleted after its file handle was encoded.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
read\-write mount and will result in an error.
.RE
.sp
-\fBxinfo=\fP{\fBon\fP|\fBoff\fP|\fBauto\fP}
+\fBxino=\fP{\fBon\fP|\fBoff\fP|\fBauto\fP}
.RS 4
The "xino" feature composes a unique object identifier from the real object st_ino and an underlying fsid index. The "xino" feature uses the high inode number bits for fsid, because the underlying filesystems rarely use the high inode number bits. In case the underlying inode number does overflow into the high xino bits, overlay filesystem will fall back to the non xino behavior for that inode.
.sp
.RS 4
Set the block size. Default value prior to kernel version 2.6.30 was 2048. Since 2.6.30 and prior to 4.11 it was logical device block size with fallback to 2048. Since 4.11 it is logical block size with fallback to any valid block size between logical device block size and 4096.
.sp
-For other details see the \fBmkudffs\fP(8) 2.0+ manpage, sections \fBCOMPATIBILITY\fP and \fBBLOCK SIZE\fP.
+For other details see the \fBmkudffs\fP(8) 2.0+ manpage, see the \fBCOMPATIBILITY\fP and \fBBLOCK SIZE\fP sections.
.RE
.sp
\fBunhide\fP
.sp
\fBopenstep\fP
.RS 4
-For filesystems created by OpenStep (currently read only). The same filesystem type is also used by Mac OS X.
+For filesystems created by OpenStep (currently read only). The same filesystem type is also used by macOS.
.RE
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
Set the owner and group and mode of the file \fIdevices\fP (default: uid=gid=0, mode=0444). The mode is given in octal.
.RE
-.SH "DM\-VERITY SUPPORT (EXPERIMENTAL)"
+.SH "DM\-VERITY SUPPORT"
.sp
-The device\-mapper verity target provides read\-only transparent integrity checking of block devices using kernel crypto API. The \fBmount\fP command can open the dm\-verity device and do the integrity verification before on the device filesystem is mounted. Requires libcryptsetup with in libmount (optionally via \fBdlopen\fP(3)). If libcryptsetup supports extracting the root hash of an already mounted device, existing devices will be automatically reused in case of a match. Mount options for dm\-verity:
+The device\-mapper verity target provides read\-only transparent integrity checking of block devices using kernel crypto API. The \fBmount\fP command can open the dm\-verity device and do the integrity verification before the device filesystem is mounted. Requires libcryptsetup with in libmount (optionally via \fBdlopen\fP(3)). If libcryptsetup supports extracting the root hash of an already mounted device, existing devices will be automatically reused in case of a match. Mount options for dm\-verity:
.sp
\fBverity.hashdevice=\fP\fIpath\fP
.RS 4
Path to \fBpkcs7\fP(1ssl) signature of root hash hex string. Requires crypt_activate_by_signed_key() from cryptsetup and kernel built with \fBCONFIG_DM_VERITY_VERIFY_ROOTHASH_SIG\fP. For device reuse, signatures have to be either used by all mounts of a device or by none. Optional.
.RE
.sp
+\fBverity.oncorruption=\fP\fIignore\fP|\fIrestart\fP|\fIpanic\fP
+.RS 4
+Instruct the kernel to ignore, reboot or panic when corruption is detected. By default the I/O operation simply fails. Requires Linux 4.1 or newer, and libcrypsetup 2.3.4 or newer. Optional.
+.RE
+.sp
Supported since util\-linux v2.35.
.sp
For example commands:
The command \fBmount\fP does not pass the mount options \fBunbindable\fP, \fBrunbindable\fP, \fBprivate\fP, \fBrprivate\fP, \fBslave\fP, \fBrslave\fP, \fBshared\fP, \fBrshared\fP, \fBauto\fP, \fBnoauto\fP, \fBcomment\fP, \fBx\-\fP*, \fBloop\fP, \fBoffset\fP and \fBsizelimit\fP to the mount.<suffix> helpers. All other options are used in a comma\-separated list as an argument to the \fB\-o\fP option.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
+
\fBLIBMOUNT_FSTAB\fP=<path>
.RS 4
overrides the default location of the \fIfstab\fP file (ignored for suid)
.RE
.sp
+
\fBLIBMOUNT_MTAB\fP=<path>
.RS 4
overrides the default location of the \fImtab\fP file (ignored for suid)
.RE
.sp
-LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBMOUNT_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables libmount debug output
.RE
.sp
-LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBBLKID_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables libblkid debug output
.RE
.sp
-LOOPDEV_DEBUG=all
+\fBLOOPDEV_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables loop device setup debug output
.RE
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBmount\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: nologin
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBnologin\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: partx
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "PARTX" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "PARTX" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-b\fP, \fB\-\-bytes\fP
.RS 4
-Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in human\-readable format.
+Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human\-readable format.
+.sp
+By default, the unit, sizes are expressed in, is byte, and unit prefixes are in
+power of 2^10 (1024). Abbreviations of symbols are exhibited truncated in order
+to reach a better readability, by exhibiting alone the first letter of them;
+examples: "1 KiB" and "1 MiB" are respectively exhibited as "1 K" and "1 M",
+then omitting on purpose the mention "iB", which is part of these abbreviations.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-d\fP, \fB\-\-delete\fP
Verbose mode.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
.sp
partx \-\-show /dev/sdb3, partx \-\-show \-\-nr 3 /dev/sdb, partx \-\-show /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb
.RS 4
-All three commands list partition 3 of /dev/sdb.
+All three commands list partition 3 of \fI/dev/sdb\fP.
.RE
.sp
partx \-\-show \- /dev/sdb3
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBpartx\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: pivot_root
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "PIVOT_ROOT" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "PIVOT_ROOT" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Note that \fBexec chroot\fP changes the running executable, which is necessary if the old root directory should be unmounted afterwards. Also note that standard input, output, and error may still point to a device on the old root file system, keeping it busy. They can easily be changed when invoking \fBchroot\fP (see below; note the absence of leading slashes to make it work whether \fBpivot_root\fP has changed the shell\(cqs root or not).
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXAMPLE"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBpivot_root\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: raw
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "RAW" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "RAW" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
-Rather than using raw devices applications should prefer open2 devices, such as \fI/dev/sda1\fP, with the \fBO_DIRECT\fP flag.
+Rather than using raw devices applications should prefer \fBopen\fP(2) devices, such as \fI/dev/sda1\fP, with the \fBO_DIRECT\fP flag.
.SH "BUGS"
.sp
The Linux \fBdd\fP(1) command should be used without the \fBbs=\fP option, or the blocksize needs to be a multiple of the sector size of the device (512 bytes usually), otherwise it will fail with "Invalid Argument" messages (\fBEINVAL\fP).
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBraw\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: readprofile
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "READPROFILE" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "READPROFILE" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Verbose. The output is organized in four columns and filled with blanks. The first column is the RAM address of a kernel function, the second is the name of the function, the third is the number of clock ticks and the last is the normalized load.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "FILES"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBreadprofile\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: resizepart
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "RESIZEPART" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "RESIZEPART" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.RS 4
The new length of the partition (in 512\-byte sectors).
.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.sp
\fBaddpart\fP(8),
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBresizepart\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: rfkill
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "RFKILL" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "RFKILL" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Use the raw output format.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "COMMANDS"
.sp
.sp
\fBlist\fP [\fIid\fP|\fItype\fP ...]
.RS 4
-List the current state of all available devices. The command output format is deprecated, see the section DESCRIPTION. It is a good idea to check with \fBlist\fP command \fIid\fP or \fItype\fP scope is appropriate before setting \fBblock\fP or \fBunblock\fP. Special \fIall\fP type string will match everything. Use of multiple \fIID\fP or \fItype\fP arguments is supported.
+List the current state of all available devices. The command output format is deprecated, see the \fBDESCRIPTION\fP section. It is a good idea to check with \fBlist\fP command \fIid\fP or \fItype\fP scope is appropriate before setting \fBblock\fP or \fBunblock\fP. Special \fIall\fP type string will match everything. Use of multiple \fIID\fP or \fItype\fP arguments is supported.
.RE
.sp
-\fBblock id\fP|\fBtype\fP [...]
+\fBblock\fP \fIid\fP|\fItype\fP [...]
.RS 4
Disable the corresponding device.
.RE
.sp
-\fBunblock id\fP|\fBtype\fP [...]
+\fBunblock\fP \fIid\fP|\fItype\fP [...]
.RS 4
Enable the corresponding device. If the device is hard\-blocked, for example via a hardware switch, it will remain unavailable though it is now soft\-unblocked.
.RE
.sp
-\fBtoggle id\fP|\fBtype\fP [...]
+\fBtoggle\fP \fIid\fP|\fItype\fP [...]
.RS 4
Enable or disable the corresponding device.
.RE
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBrfkill\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: rtcwake
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "RTCWAKE" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "RTCWAKE" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
Note that alarm functionality depends on hardware; not every RTC is able to setup an alarm up to 24 hours in the future.
.sp
-The suspend setup may be interrupted by active hardware; for example wireless USB input devices that continue to send events for some fraction of a second after the return key is pressed. \fBrtcwake\fP tries to avoid this problem and it waits to terminal to settle down before entering a system sleep.
+The suspend setup may be interrupted by active hardware; for example wireless USB input devices that continue to send events for some fraction of a second after the return key is pressed. \fBrtcwake\fP tries to avoid this problem and it waits to the terminal to settle down before entering a system sleep.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
\fB\-A\fP, \fB\-\-adjfile\fP \fIfile\fP
Be verbose.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.sp
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.sp
+\fBadjtime_config\fP(5),
\fBhwclock\fP(8),
\fBdate\fP(1)
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBrtcwake\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: setarch
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SETARCH" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "SETARCH" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
SVr4 bug emulation that will set \fBmmap\fP(3p) page zero as read\-only. Use when \fIprogram\fP depends on this behavior, and the source code is not available to be fixed. Turns on \fBMMAP_PAGE_ZERO\fP.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXAMPLE"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBsetarch\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: sfdisk
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SFDISK" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "SFDISK" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fBsfdisk\fP does not create the standard system partitions for SGI and SUN disk labels like \fBfdisk\fP(8) does. It is necessary to explicitly create all partitions including whole\-disk system partitions.
.sp
-\fBsfdisk\fP uses \fBBLKRRPART\fP (reread partition table) ioctl to make sure that the device is not used by system or other tools (see also \fB\-\-no\-reread\fP). It\(cqs possible that this feature or another \fBsfdisk\fP activity races with \fBudevd\fP. The recommended way how to avoid possible collisions is to use \fB\-\-lock\fP option. The exclusive lock will cause udevd to skip the event handling on the device.
+\fBsfdisk\fP uses \fBBLKRRPART\fP (reread partition table) ioctl to make sure that the device is not used by system or other tools (see also \fB\-\-no\-reread\fP). It\(cqs possible that this feature or another \fBsfdisk\fP activity races with \fBsystemd\-udevd\fP(8). The recommended way how to avoid possible collisions is to use \fB\-\-lock\fP option. The exclusive lock will cause \fBsystemd\-udevd\fP to skip the event handling on the device.
.sp
The \fBsfdisk\fP prompt is only a hint for users and a displayed partition number does not mean that the same partition table entry will be created (if \fB\-N\fP not specified), especially for tables with gaps.
.SH "COMMANDS"
If no \fIpartition\-number\fP is specified, then list the partitions with an enabled flag.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-\-backup\-pt\-sectors\fP \fIdevice\fP
+.RS 4
+Back up the current partition table sectors in binary format and exit. See the \fBBACKING UP THE PARTITION TABLE\fP section.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-\-delete\fP \fIdevice\fP [\fIpartition\-number\fP...]
.RS 4
Delete all or the specified partitions.
.sp
\fB\-d\fP, \fB\-\-dump\fP \fIdevice\fP
.RS 4
-Dump the partitions of a device in a format that is usable as input to \fBsfdisk\fP. See the section \fBBACKING UP THE PARTITION TABLE\fP.
+Dump the partitions of a device in a format that is usable as input to \fBsfdisk\fP. See the \fBBACKING UP THE PARTITION TABLE\fP section.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-g\fP, \fB\-\-show\-geometry\fP [\fIdevice\fP...]
.sp
\fB\-b\fP, \fB\-\-backup\fP
.RS 4
-Back up the current partition table sectors before starting the partitioning. The default backup file name is \fI~/sfdisk\-<device>\-<offset>.bak\fP; to use another name see option \fB\-O\fP, \fB\-\-backup\-file\fP.
+Back up the current partition table sectors before starting the partitioning. The default backup file name is \fI~/sfdisk\-<device>\-<offset>.bak\fP; to use another name see option \fB\-O\fP, \fB\-\-backup\-file\fP. See section \fBBACKING UP THE PARTITION TABLE\fP for more details.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-\-color\fP[\fB=\fP\fIwhen\fP]
.sp
\fB\-\-lock\fP[=\fImode\fP]
.RS 4
-Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument \fImode\fP can be \fByes\fP, \fBno\fP (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fP. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fP. This option overwrites environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fP. The default is not to use any lock at all, but it\(cqs recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other tools.
+Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument \fImode\fP can be \fByes\fP, \fBno\fP (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fP. If the \fImode\fP argument is omitted, it defaults to \fByes\fP. This option overwrites environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fP. The default is not to use any lock at all, but it\(cqs recommended to avoid collisions with \fBsystemd\-udevd\fP(8) or other tools.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-n\fP, \fB\-\-no\-act\fP
.RS 4
Move data after partition relocation, for example when moving the beginning of a partition to another place on the disk. The size of the partition has to remain the same, the new and old location may overlap. This option requires option \fB\-N\fP in order to be processed on one specific partition only.
.sp
-The optional \fIpath\fP specifies log file name. The log file contains information about all read/write operations on the partition data. The word "@default" as a \fIpath\fP forces sfdisk to use \fI~/sfdisk\-<devname>.move\fP for the log. The log is optional since v2.35.
+The optional \fIpath\fP specifies log file name. The log file contains information about all read/write operations on the partition data. The word "@default" as a \fIpath\fP forces \fBsfdisk\fP to use \fI~/sfdisk\-<devname>.move\fP for the log. The log is optional since v2.35.
.sp
Note that this operation is risky and not atomic. \fBDon\(cqt forget to backup your data!\fP
.sp
.sp
\fB\-W\fP, \fB\-\-wipe\-partitions\fP \fIwhen\fP
.RS 4
-Wipe filesystem, RAID and partition\-table signatures from a newly created partitions, in order to avoid possible collisions. The argument \fIwhen\fP can be \fBauto\fP, \fBnever\fP or \fBalways\fP. When this option is not given, the default is \fBauto\fP, in which case signatures are wiped only when in interactive mode and after confirmation by user. In all cases detected signatures are reported by warning messages after a new partition is created. See also \fBwipefs\fP(8) command.
+Wipe filesystem, RAID and partition\-table signatures from a newly created partition, in order to avoid possible collisions. The argument \fIwhen\fP can be \fBauto\fP, \fBnever\fP or \fBalways\fP. When this option is not given, the default is \fBauto\fP, in which case signatures are wiped only when in interactive mode and after confirmation by user. In all cases detected signatures are reported by warning messages after a new partition is created. See also \fBwipefs\fP(8) command.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-v\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.sp
\fBsector\-size\fP
.RS 4
-Specify sector size. This header is informative only and it is not used when sfdisk creates a new partition table, in this case the real device specific value is always used and sector size from the dump is ignored.
+Specify sector size. This header is informative only and it is not used when \fBsfdisk\fP creates a new partition table, in this case the real device specific value is always used and sector size from the dump is ignored.
.RE
.sp
Note that it is only possible to use header lines before the first partition is specified in the input.
.sp
where each line fills one partition descriptor.
.sp
-Fields are separated by whitespace, comma or semicolon possibly followed by whitespace; initial and trailing whitespace is ignored. Numbers can be octal, decimal or hexadecimal; decimal is the default. When a field is absent, empty or specified as \(aq\-\(aq a default value is used. But when the \fB\-N\fP option (change a single partition) is given, the default for each field is its previous value.
+Fields are separated by whitespace, comma (recommended) or semicolon possibly followed by whitespace; initial and trailing whitespace is ignored. Numbers can be octal, decimal or hexadecimal; decimal is the default. When a field is absent, empty or specified as \(aq\-\(aq a default value is used. But when the \fB\-N\fP option (change a single partition) is given, the default for each field is its previous value.
.sp
-The default value of \fIstart\fP is the first non\-assigned sector aligned according to device I/O limits. The default start offset for the first partition is 1 MiB. The offset may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB) then the number is interpreted as offset in bytes.
+The default value of \fIstart\fP is the first non\-assigned sector aligned according to device I/O limits. The default start offset for the first partition is 1 MiB. If the offset is followed by the multiplicative suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB), then the number is interpreted as offset in bytes. Since v2.38 when the \fB\-N\fP option (change a single partition) is given, a \(aq+\(aq can be used to enlarge partition by move start of the partition if there is a free space before the partition.
.sp
The default value of \fIsize\fP indicates "as much as possible"; i.e., until the next partition or end\-of\-device. A numerical argument is by default interpreted as a number of sectors, however if the size is followed by one of the multiplicative suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB) then the number is interpreted as the size of the partition in bytes and it is then aligned according to the device I/O limits. A \(aq+\(aq can be used instead of a number to enlarge the partition as much as possible. Note \(aq+\(aq is equivalent to the default behaviour for a new partition; existing partitions will be resized as required.
.sp
.sp
The \fIdevice\fP field is optional. \fBsfdisk\fP extracts the partition number from the device name. It allows specifying the partitions in random order. This functionality is mostly used by \fB\-\-dump\fP. Don\(cqt use it if you are not sure.
.sp
-The \fIvalue\fP can be between quotation marks (e.g., name="This is partition name"). The currently supported fields are:
+The \fIvalue\fP can be between quotation marks (e.g., name="This is partition name"). The fields \fBstart=\fP and \fBsize=\fP support \(aq+\(aq and \(aq\-\(aq in the same way as \fBUnnamed\-fields format\fP.
+.sp
+The currently supported fields are:
.sp
\fBstart=\fP\fInumber\fP
.RS 4
-The first non\-assigned sector aligned according to device I/O limits. The default start offset for the first partition is 1 MiB. The offset may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB) then the number is interpreted as offset in bytes.
+The first non\-assigned sector aligned according to device I/O limits. The default start offset for the first partition is 1 MiB. If the offset is followed by the multiplicative suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB), then the number is interpreted as offset in bytes.
.RE
.sp
\fBsize=\fP\fInumber\fP
.SH "BACKING UP THE PARTITION TABLE"
.sp
It is recommended to save the layout of your devices. \fBsfdisk\fP supports two ways.
+.SS "Dump in sfdisk compatible format"
.sp
-Use the \fB\-\-dump\fP option to save a description of the device layout to a text file. The dump format is suitable for later \fBsfdisk\fP input. For example:
+Use the \fB\-\-dump\fP command to save a description of the device layout to a text file.
+The dump format is suitable for later \fBsfdisk\fP input. For example:
.RS 3
.ll -.6i
.sp
.br
.RE
.ll
+.SS "Full binary backup"
.sp
-If you want to do a full (binary) backup of all sectors where the partition table is stored, then use the \fB\-\-backup\fP option. It writes the sectors to \fI~/sfdisk\-<device>\-<offset>.bak\fP files. The default name of the backup file can be changed with the \fB\-\-backup\-file\fP option. The backup files contain only raw data from the \fIdevice\fP. Note that the same concept of backup files is used by \fBwipefs\fP(8). For example:
+If you want to do a full binary backup of all sectors where the partition table is stored, then use the \fB\-\-backup\-pt\-sectors\fP command. It writes the sectors to \fI~/sfdisk\-<device>\-<offset>.bak\fP files. The default name of the backup file can be changed with the \fB\-\-backup\-file\fP option. The backup files contain only raw data from the \fIdevice\fP. For example:
.RS 3
.ll -.6i
.sp
-\fBsfdisk \-\-backup /dev/sda\fP
+\fBsfdisk \-\-backup\-pt\-sectors /dev/sda\fP
.br
.RE
.ll
.RS 3
.ll -.6i
.sp
-dd if=~/sfdisk\-sda\-0x00000200.bak of=/dev/sda \(rs
-seek=$0x00000200 bs=1 conv=notrunc
+\fBdd if=~/sfdisk\-sda\-0x00000200.bak of=/dev/sda seek=$((0x00000200)) bs=1 conv=notrunc\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+It\(cqs also possible to use the \fB\-\-backup\fP option to create the same backup immediately after startup for other \fBsfdisk\fP commands. For example, backup partition table before deleting all partitions from partition table:
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fBsfdisk \-\-backup \-\-delete /dev/sda\fP
.br
.RE
.ll
.sp
+The same concept of backup files is used by \fBwipefs\fP(8).
+.sp
Note that \fBsfdisk\fP since version 2.26 no longer provides the \fB\-I\fP option to restore sectors. \fBdd\fP(1) provides all necessary functionality.
.SH "COLORS"
.sp
-Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file \fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/sfdisk.disable\fP.
+The output colorization is implemented by \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) functionality.
+Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/sfdisk.disable\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+for the \fBsfdisk\fP command or for all tools by
+.RS 3
+.ll -.6i
+.sp
+\fI/etc/terminal\-colors.d/disable\fP
+.br
+.RE
+.ll
+.sp
+The user\-specific \fI$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/terminal\-colors.d\fP
+or \fI$HOME/.config/terminal\-colors.d\fP overrides the global setting.
+.sp
+Note that the output colorization may be enabled by default, and in this case
+\fIterminal\-colors.d\fP directories do not have to exist yet.
.sp
-See \fBterminal\-colors.d\fP(5) for more details about colorization configuration. The logical color names supported by \fBsfdisk\fP are:
+The logical color names supported by \fBsfdisk\fP are:
.sp
\fBheader\fP
.RS 4
.RE
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
-SFDISK_DEBUG=all
+\fBSFDISK_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables \fBsfdisk\fP debug output.
.RE
.sp
-LIBFDISK_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBFDISK_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables libfdisk debug output.
.RE
.sp
-LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBBLKID_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables libblkid debug output.
.RE
.sp
-LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables libsmartcols debug output.
.RE
.sp
-LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE=<mode>
+\fBLOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fP=<mode>
.RS 4
use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fP for more details.
.RE
Since version 2.26 \fBsfdisk\fP no longer provides the \fB\-R\fP or \fB\-\-re\-read\fP option to force the kernel to reread the partition table. Use \fBblockdev \-\-rereadpt\fP instead.
.sp
Since version 2.26 \fBsfdisk\fP does not provide the \fB\-\-DOS\fP, \fB\-\-IBM\fP, \fB\-\-DOS\-extended\fP, \fB\-\-unhide\fP, \fB\-\-show\-extended\fP, \fB\-\-cylinders\fP, \fB\-\-heads\fP, \fB\-\-sectors\fP, \fB\-\-inside\-outer\fP, \fB\-\-not\-inside\-outer\fP options.
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.sp
+\fBsfdisk \-\-list \-\-label\-nested=mbr /dev/sda\fP
+.RS 4
+Print protective MBR on device with GPT disk label.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fBecho \-e \(aq,10M,L\(rsn,10M,L\(rsn,,+\(rsn\(aq | sfdisk /dev/sdc\fP
+.RS 4
+Create three Linux partitions, with the default start, the size of the first two partitions is 10MiB, and the last partition fills all available space on the device.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fBecho \-e \(aqsize=10M, type=L\(rsn size=10M, type=L\(rsn size=+\(rsn\(aq | sfdisk /dev/sdc\fP
+.RS 4
+The same as the previous example, but in named\-fields format.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fBecho \-e \(aqtype=swap\(aq | sfdisk \-N 3 /dev/sdc\fP
+.RS 4
+Set type of the 3rd partition to \(aqswap\(aq.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fBsfdisk \-\-part\-type /dev/sdc 3 swap\fP
+.RS 4
+The same as the previous example, but without script use.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fBsfdisk \-\-delete /dev/sdc 2\fP
+.RS 4
+Delete 2nd partition.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fBecho "," | sfdisk \-N 3 \-\-move\-data /dev/sdc\fP
+.RS 4
+Enlarge 3rd partition in both directions, move start to use free space before the partition and enlarge the size to use all free space after to the partition, and move partition data too.
+.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.MTO "kzak\(atredhat.com" "Karel Zak" ""
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBsfdisk\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: sulogin
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBsulogin\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: swaplabel
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SWAPLABEL" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "SWAPLABEL" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-L\fP, \fB\-\-label\fP \fIlabel\fP
.RS 4
Specify a new \fIlabel\fP for the device. Swap partition labels can be at most 16 characters long. If \fIlabel\fP is longer than 16 characters, \fBswaplabel\fP will truncate it and print a warning message.
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBswaplabel\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: swapon
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SWAPON" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "SWAPON" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Reinitialize (exec mkswap) the swap space if its page size does not match that of the current running kernel. \fBmkswap\fP(8) initializes the whole device and does not check for bad blocks.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
-.RE
-.sp
\fB\-L\fP \fIlabel\fP
.RS 4
Use the partition that has the specified \fIlabel\fP. (For this, access to \fI/proc/partitions\fP is needed.)
.sp
\fB\-o\fP, \fB\-\-options\fP \fIopts\fP
.RS 4
-Specify swap options by an fstab\-compatible comma\-separated string. For example:
+Specify swap options by an \fIfstab\fP\-compatible comma\-separated string. For example:
.sp
\fBswapon \-o pri=1,discard=pages,nofail /dev/sda2\fP
.sp
Be verbose.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.sp
\fB4\fP
.RS 4
-swapoff syscall failed for another reason
+\fBswapoff\fP(2) syscall failed for another reason
.RE
.sp
\fB8\fP
.RS 4
-non\-swapoff syscall system error (out of memory, ...)
+non\-\fBswapoff\fP(2) syscall system error (out of memory, ...)
.RE
.sp
\fB16\fP
The old versions before v2.36 has no documented exit status, 0 means success in all versions.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
-LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBMOUNT_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables \fBlibmount\fP debug output.
.RE
.sp
-LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBBLKID_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables \fBlibblkid\fP debug output.
.RE
The most portable solution to create a swap file is to use \fBdd\fP(1) and \fI/dev/zero\fP.
.SS "Btrfs"
.sp
-Swap files on Btrfs are supported since Linux 5.0 on files with nocow attribute. See the \fBbtrfs\fP(5) manual page for more details.
+Swap files on Btrfs are supported since Linux 5.0 on files with \fBnocow\fP attribute. See the \fBbtrfs\fP(5) manual page for more details.
.SS "NFS"
.sp
Swap over \fBNFS\fP may not work.
.SS "Suspend"
.sp
-\fBswapon\fP automatically detects and rewrites a swap space signature with old software suspend data (e.g., S1SUSPEND, S2SUSPEND, ...). The problem is that if we don\(cqt do it, then we get data corruption the next time an attempt at unsuspending is made.
+\fBswapon\fP automatically detects and rewrites a swap space signature with old software suspend data (e.g., \fBS1SUSPEND\fP, \fBS2SUSPEND\fP, ...). The problem is that if we don\(cqt do it, then we get data corruption the next time an attempt at unsuspending is made.
.SH "HISTORY"
.sp
The \fBswapon\fP command appeared in 4.0BSD.
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBswapon\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: switch_root
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "SWITCH_ROOT" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "SWITCH_ROOT" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
\fBWARNING: switch_root removes recursively all files and directories on the current root filesystem.\fP
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
-\fB\-h, \-\-help\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V, \-\-version\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBswitch_root\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
.\" Date: 2022-01-06
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "TUNELP" "8" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "TUNELP" "8" "2022-01-06" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBtunelp\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: umount
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UMOUNT" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "UMOUNT" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.RS 4
Force an unmount (in case of an unreachable NFS system).
.sp
-Note that this option does not guarantee that umount command does not hang. It\(cqs strongly recommended to use absolute paths without symlinks to avoid unwanted readlink and stat system calls on unreachable NFS in \fBumount\fP.
+Note that this option does not guarantee that umount command does not hang. It\(cqs strongly recommended to use absolute paths without symlinks to avoid unwanted \fBreadlink\fP(2) and \fBstat\fP(2) system calls on unreachable NFS in \fBumount\fP.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-i\fP, \fB\-\-internal\-only\fP
.RS 4
Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the file hierarchy now, and clean up all references to this filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore.
.sp
-A system reboot would be expected in near future if you\(cqre going to use this option for network filesystem or local filesystem with submounts. The recommended use\-case for \fBumount \-l\fP is to prevent hangs on shutdown due to an unreachable network share where a normal umount will hang due to a downed server or a network partition. Remounts of the share will not be possible.
+A system reboot would be expected in near future if you\(cqre going to use this option for network filesystem or local filesystem with submounts. The recommended use\-case for \fBumount \-l\fP is to prevent hangs on shutdown due to an unreachable network share where a normal \fBumount\fP will hang due to a downed server or a network partition. Remounts of the share will not be possible.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-N\fP, \fB\-\-namespace\fP \fIns\fP
.RS 4
-Perform umount in the mount namespace specified by \fIns\fP. \fIns\fP is either PID of process running in that namespace or special file representing that namespace.
+Perform \fBumount\fP in the mount namespace specified by \fIns\fP. \fIns\fP is either PID of process running in that namespace or special file representing that namespace.
.sp
\fBumount\fP switches to the namespace when it reads \fI/etc/fstab\fP, writes \fI/etc/mtab\fP (or writes to \fI/run/mount\fP) and calls \fBumount\fP(2) system call, otherwise it runs in the original namespace. It means that the target mount namespace does not have to contain any libraries or other requirements necessary to execute \fBumount\fP(2) command.
.sp
Verbose mode.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "NON\-SUPERUSER UMOUNTS"
.sp
Normally, only the superuser can umount filesystems. However, when \fIfstab\fP contains the \fBuser\fP option on a line, anybody can umount the corresponding filesystem. For more details see \fBmount\fP(8) man page.
.sp
-Since version 2.34 the \fBumount\fP command can be used to perform umount operation also for fuse filesystems if kernel mount table contains user\(cqs ID. In this case fstab \fBuser=\fP mount option is not required.
+Since version 2.34 the \fBumount\fP command can be used to perform umount operation also for fuse filesystems if kernel mount table contains user\(cqs ID. In this case \fIfstab\fP \fBuser=\fP mount option is not required.
.sp
-Since version 2.35 \fBumount\fP command does not exit when user permissions are inadequate by internal libmount security rules. It drops suid permissions and continue as regular non\-root user. This can be used to support use\-cases where root permissions are not necessary (e.g., fuse filesystems, user namespaces, etc).
+Since version 2.35 \fBumount\fP command does not exit when user permissions are inadequate by internal \fBlibmount\fP security rules. It drops suid permissions and continue as regular non\-root user. This can be used to support use\-cases where root permissions are not necessary (e.g., fuse filesystems, user namespaces, etc).
.SH "LOOP DEVICE"
.sp
The \fBumount\fP command will automatically detach loop device previously initialized by \fBmount\fP(8) command independently of \fI/etc/mtab\fP.
.sp
-In this case the device is initialized with "autoclear" flag (see \fBlosetup\fP(8) output for more details), otherwise it\(cqs necessary to use the option \fB\-\-detach\-loop\fP or call \fBlosetup \-d <device>\fP. The autoclear feature is supported since Linux 2.6.25.
+In this case the device is initialized with "autoclear" flag (see \fBlosetup\fP(8) output for more details), otherwise it\(cqs necessary to use the option \fB\-\-detach\-loop\fP or call \fBlosetup \-d\fP \fIdevice\fP. The autoclear feature is supported since Linux 2.6.25.
.SH "EXTERNAL HELPERS"
.sp
The syntax of external unmount helpers is:
.sp
A \fBuhelper=\fP\fIsomething\fP marker (unprivileged helper) can appear in the \fI/etc/mtab\fP file when ordinary users need to be able to unmount a mountpoint that is not defined in \fI/etc/fstab\fP (for example for a device that was mounted by \fBudisks\fP(1)).
.sp
-A \fBhelper=\fP\fItype\fP marker in the mtab file will redirect all unmount requests to the \fB/sbin/umount.\fP\fItype\fP helper independently of UID.
+A \fBhelper=\fP\fItype\fP marker in the \fImtab\fP file will redirect all unmount requests to the \fB/sbin/umount.\fP\fItype\fP helper independently of UID.
.sp
-Note that \fI/etc/mtab\fP is currently deprecated and \fBhelper=\fP and other userspace mount options are maintained by libmount.
+Note that \fI/etc/mtab\fP is currently deprecated and \fBhelper=\fP and other userspace mount options are maintained by \fBlibmount\fP.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
+
\fBLIBMOUNT_FSTAB\fP=<path>
.RS 4
-overrides the default location of the fstab file (ignored for suid)
+overrides the default location of the \fIfstab\fP file (ignored for \fBsuid\fP)
.RE
.sp
+
\fBLIBMOUNT_MTAB\fP=<path>
.RS 4
-overrides the default location of the mtab file (ignored for suid)
+overrides the default location of the \fImtab\fP file (ignored for \fBsuid\fP)
.RE
.sp
-LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
+\fBLIBMOUNT_DEBUG\fP=all
.RS 4
enables \fBlibmount\fP debug output
.RE
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBumount\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: uuidd
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "UUIDD" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "UUIDD" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
\fB\-d\fP, \fB\-\-debug\fP
.RS 4
-Run uuidd in debugging mode. This prevents uuidd from running as a daemon.
+Run \fBuuidd\fP in debugging mode. This prevents \fBuuidd\fP from running as a daemon.
.RE
.sp
\fB\-F\fP, \fB\-\-no\-fork\fP
Test \fBuuidd\fP by trying to connect to a running uuidd daemon and request it to return a time\-based UUID.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Output version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help screen and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXAMPLE"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBuuidd\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: vipw
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "VIPW" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.sp
\fBvipw\fP edits the password file after setting the appropriate locks, and does any necessary processing after the password file is unlocked. If the password file is already locked for editing by another user, \fBvipw\fP will ask you to try again later. The default editor for \fBvipw\fP and \fBvigr\fP is \fBvi\fP(1). \fBvigr\fP edits the group file in the same manner as \fBvipw\fP does the passwd file.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+.RS 4
+Print version and exit.
+.RE
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
If the following environment variable exists, it will be utilized by \fBvipw\fP and \fBvigr\fP:
.\" Title: wdctl
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "WDCTL" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "WDCTL" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Print all wanted information on one line in key="value" output format.
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-p\fP, \fB\-\-setpretimeout\fP \fIseconds\fP
+.RS 4
+Set the watchdog pre\-timeout in seconds. A watchdog pre\-timeout is a
+notification generated by the watchdog before the watchdog reset might occur in
+the event the watchdog has not been serviced. This notification is handled by
+the kernel and can be configured to take an action using sysfs or by \fB\-\-setpregovernor\fP.
+.RE
+.sp
+\fB\-g\fP, \fB\-\-setpregovernor\fP \fIgovernor\fP
+.RS 4
+Set pre\-timeout governor name. For available governors see default \fBwdctl\fP output.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-r\fP, \fB\-\-raw\fP
.RS 4
Use the raw output format.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-s\fP, \fB\-settimeout\fP \fIseconds\fP
+\fB\-s\fP, \fB\-\-settimeout\fP \fIseconds\fP
.RS 4
Set the watchdog timeout in seconds.
.RE
Same as \fB\-I \-T\fP.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "AUTHORS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBwdctl\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: wipefs
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "WIPEFS" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "WIPEFS" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
.sp
When used without any options, \fBwipefs\fP lists all visible filesystems and the offsets of their basic signatures. The default output is subject to change. So whenever possible, you should avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define expected columns by using \fB\-\-output\fP \fIcolumns\-list\fP in environments where a stable output is required.
.sp
-\fBwipefs\fP calls the BLKRRPART ioctl when it has erased a partition\-table signature to inform the kernel about the change. The ioctl is called as the last step and when all specified signatures from all specified devices are already erased. This feature can be used to wipe content on partitions devices as well as partition table on a disk device, for example by \fBwipefs \-a /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc\fP.
+\fBwipefs\fP calls the \fBBLKRRPART\fP ioctl when it has erased a partition\-table signature to inform the kernel about the change. The ioctl is called as the last step and when all specified signatures from all specified devices are already erased. This feature can be used to wipe content on partitions devices as well as partition table on a disk device, for example by \fBwipefs \-a /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc\fP.
.sp
Note that some filesystems and some partition tables store more magic strings on the device (e.g., FAT, ZFS, GPT). The \fBwipefs\fP command (since v2.31) lists all the offset where a magic strings have been detected.
.sp
Force erasure, even if the filesystem is mounted. This is required in order to erase a partition\-table signature on a block device.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
-.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
-.RE
-.sp
\fB\-J\fP, \fB\-\-json\fP
.RS 4
Use JSON output format.
Limit the set of printed or erased signatures. More than one type may be specified in a comma\-separated list. The list or individual types can be prefixed with \(aqno\(aq to specify the types on which no action should be taken. For more details see \fBmount\fP(8).
.RE
.sp
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+.RS 4
+Display help text and exit.
+.RE
+.sp
\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.sp
Erases all signatures from the device \fI/dev/sdb\fP and creates a signature backup file \fI~/wipefs\-sdb\-<offset>.bak\fP for each signature.
.RE
.sp
-\fBdd if=~/wipefs\-sdb\-0x00000438.bak of=/dev/sdb seek=$0x00000438 bs=1 conv=notrunc\fP
+\fBdd if=~/wipefs\-sdb\-0x00000438.bak of=/dev/sdb seek=$((0x00000438)) bs=1 conv=notrunc\fP
.RS 4
Restores an ext2 signature from the backup file \fI~/wipefs\-sdb\-0x00000438.bak\fP.
.RE
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBwipefs\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
.\" Title: zramctl
.\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR(S)" section]
.\" Generator: Asciidoctor 2.0.15
-.\" Date: 2022-02-14
+.\" Date: 2022-02-17
.\" Manual: System Administration
-.\" Source: util-linux 2.37.4
+.\" Source: util-linux 2.38
.\" Language: English
.\"
-.TH "ZRAMCTL" "8" "2022-02-14" "util\-linux 2.37.4" "System Administration"
+.TH "ZRAMCTL" "8" "2022-02-17" "util\-linux 2.38" "System Administration"
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.ss \n[.ss] 0
Note that \fIzramdev\fP node specified on command line has to already exist. The command \fBzramctl\fP creates a new \fI/dev/zram<N>\fP nodes only when \fB\-\-find\fP option specified. It\(cqs possible (and common) that after system boot \fI/dev/zram<N>\fP nodes are not created yet.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.sp
-\fB\-a\fP, \fB\-\-algorithm lzo\fP|\fBlz4\fP|\fBlz4hc\fP|\fBdeflate\fP|\fB842\fP
+\fB\-a\fP, \fB\-\-algorithm lzo\fP|\fBlz4\fP|\fBlz4hc\fP|\fBdeflate\fP|\fB842\fP|\fBzstd\fP
.RS 4
Set the compression algorithm to be used for compressing data in the zram device.
.RE
Set the maximum number of compression streams that can be used for the device. The default is use all CPUs and one stream for kernels older than 4.6.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
+\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
.RS 4
-Display version information and exit.
+Display help text and exit.
.RE
.sp
-\fB\-h\fP, \fB\-\-help\fP
+\fB\-V\fP, \fB\-\-version\fP
.RS 4
-Display help text and exit.
+Print version and exit.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.sp
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.sp
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at \c
-.URL "https://github.com/karelzak/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
+.URL "https://github.com/util\-linux/util\-linux/issues" "" "."
.SH "AVAILABILITY"
.sp
The \fBzramctl\fP command is part of the util\-linux package which can be downloaded from \c
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-▲:util-linux:2.37.4:2022/01/24:setarch:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-■:util-linux:2.35.2=>2.37.4:2022/01/24:sfdisk:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-▲:util-linux:2.37.4:2022/01/24:sulogin:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-▲:util-linux:2.37.4:2022/01/24:swaplabel:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-※:util-linux:2.37.4:2022/01/24:swapoff:8:swapon:8:::
-■:util-linux:2.12r=>2.37.4:2022/01/24:swapon:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-▲:util-linux:2.37.4:2022/01/24:switch_root:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-■:util-linux:2.12r=>2.37.4:2022/01/24:tunelp:8:2022/02/15:o:michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-■:util-linux:2.12r=>2.37.4:2022/01/24:umount:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-※:util-linux:2.37.4:2022/01/24:uname26:8:setarch:8:::
-▲:util-linux:2.37.4:2022/01/24:uuidd:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-※:util-linux:2.37.4:2022/01/24:vigr:8:vipw:8:::
-■:util-linux:2.12r=>2.37.4:2022/01/24:vipw:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-▲:util-linux:2.37.4:2022/01/24:wdctl:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-■:util-linux:2.35.2=>2.37.4:2022/01/24:wipefs:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
-※:util-linux:2.37.4:2022/01/24:x86_64:8:setarch:8:::
-▲:util-linux:2.37.4:2022/01/24:zramctl:8:2022/02/15::michio_matsuyama@yahoo.co.jp:Michio MATSUYAMA:
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