docs/build/html/_sources/usingopengl2.txt

   1 .. index::
   2         single: RingOpenGL と RingAllegro の用法 (3D グラフィックス); はじめに
   3
   4 ====================================================
   5 RingOpenGL と RingAllegro の用法 (3D グラフィックス)
   6 ====================================================
   7
   8
   9 RingOpenGL と RingAllegro の用法を学びます。
  10
  11
  12 .. index::
  13         pair: RingOpenGL と RingAllegro の用法 (3D グラフィックス); 3D 立方体とテクスチャ
  14
  15 3D 立方体とテクスチャ
  16 =====================
  17
  18 ソースコード:
  19
  20 .. code-block:: ring
  21
  22         # ライブラリの読み込み
  23                 load "gamelib.ring"             # RingAllegro ライブラリ
  24                 load "opengl21lib.ring"         # RingOpenGL  ライブラリ
  25
  26         #==============================================================
  27         # macOS への対応
  28                 al_run_main()
  29                 func al_game_start      # al_run_main() から呼び出されます。
  30                         main()          # main 関数本体を呼び出します。
  31         #==============================================================
  32
  33         func main
  34
  35                 new GraphicsApp {
  36                         start()
  37                 }
  38
  39
  40         class GraphicsApp from GraphicsAppBase
  41
  42                 TITLE = "Ring Cube"
  43
  44                 bitmap texture
  45
  46                 xrot = 0.0
  47                 yrot = 0.0
  48                 zrot = 0.0
  49
  50                 func loadresources
  51
  52                         bitmap = al_load_bitmap("ring.bmp")
  53                         texture = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap)
  54
  55                 func destroyResources
  56
  57                         al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap)
  58
  59                 func drawScene
  60
  61                         w = 800 h = 600
  62                         ratio =  w / h
  63
  64                         glViewport(0, 0, w, h)
  65                         glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
  66                         glLoadIdentity()
  67
  68                         gluPerspective(45,ratio,1,100)
  69                         glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
  70                         glLoadIdentity()
  71
  72                         glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
  73                         glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
  74                         glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5)
  75                         glClearDepth(1.0)
  76                         glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
  77                         glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
  78                         glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL)
  79                         glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST)
  80
  81                         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
  82                         glLoadIdentity()
  83                         glTranslatef(0.0,0.0,-5.0)
  84
  85                         glRotatef(xrot,1.0,0.0,0.0)
  86                         glRotatef(yrot,0.0,1.0,0.0)
  87                         glRotatef(zrot,0.0,0.0,1.0)
  88
  89                         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture)
  90
  91                         glBegin(GL_QUADS)
  92                                 // 前面
  93                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
  94                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
  95                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
  96                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
  97                                 // 背面
  98                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
  99                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 100                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 101                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 102                                 // 上面
 103                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 104                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 105                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 106                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 107                                 // 底面
 108                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 109                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 110                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 111                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 112                                 // 右面
 113                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 114                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 115                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 116                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 117                                 // 左面
 118                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 119                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 120                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 121                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 122                         glEnd()
 123
 124                         xrot += 0.3
 125                         yrot += 0.2
 126                         zrot += 0.4
 127
 128
 129         class GraphicsAppBase
 130
 131                 display event_queue ev timeout
 132                 timer  redraw   = true
 133
 134                 FPS             = 60
 135
 136                 SCREEN_W        = 800
 137                 SCREEN_H        = 600
 138
 139                 KEY_UP          = 1
 140                 KEY_DOWN        = 2
 141                 KEY_LEFT        = 3
 142                 KEY_RIGHT       = 4
 143
 144                 Key = [false,false,false,false]
 145
 146                 TITLE = "Graphics Application"
 147
 148                 func start
 149
 150                         SetUp()
 151                         loadResources()
 152                         eventsLoop()
 153                         destroy()
 154
 155                 func setup
 156
 157                         al_init()
 158                         al_init_image_addon()
 159                         al_set_new_display_flags(ALLEGRO_OPENGL)
 160                         display = al_create_display(SCREEN_W,SCREEN_H)
 161                         al_set_Window_title(display,TITLE)
 162                         al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0))
 163                         event_queue = al_create_event_queue()
 164                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
 165                                 al_get_display_event_source(display))
 166                         ev = al_new_allegro_event()
 167                         timeout = al_new_allegro_timeout()
 168                         al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
 169                         timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / FPS)
 170                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
 171                                 al_get_timer_event_source(timer))
 172                         al_start_timer(timer)
 173                         al_install_mouse()
 174                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
 175                                 al_get_mouse_event_source())
 176                         al_install_keyboard()
 177                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
 178                                 al_get_keyboard_event_source())
 179
 180                 func eventsLoop
 181
 182                         while true
 183                                 al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
 184                                 al_wait_for_event_until(event_queue, ev, timeout)
 185                                 switch al_get_allegro_event_type(ev)
 186                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE
 187                                         exit
 188                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER
 189                                         redraw = true
 190                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES
 191                                         mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev)
 192                                         mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev)
 193                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_ENTER_DISPLAY
 194                                         mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev)
 195                                         mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev)
 196                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP
 197                                         exit
 198                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN
 199                                         switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev)
 200                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
 201                                                         key[KEY_UP] = true
 202                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
 203                                                         key[KEY_DOWN] = true
 204                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
 205                                                         key[KEY_LEFT] = true
 206                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT
 207                                                         key[KEY_RIGHT] = true
 208                                         off
 209                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP
 210                                         switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev)
 211                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
 212                                                         key[KEY_UP] = false
 213                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
 214                                                         key[KEY_DOWN] = false
 215                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
 216                                                         key[KEY_LEFT] = false
 217                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT
 218                                                         key[KEY_RIGHT] = false
 219                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE
 220                                                         exit
 221                                         off
 222                                 off
 223                                 if redraw and al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue)
 224                                         redraw = false
 225                                         drawScene()
 226                                         al_flip_display()
 227                                 ok
 228                                 callgc()
 229                         end
 230
 231                 func destroy
 232
 233                         destroyResources()
 234                         al_destroy_timer(timer)
 235                         al_destroy_allegro_event(ev)
 236                         al_destroy_allegro_timeout(timeout)
 237                         al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue)
 238                         al_destroy_display(display)
 239                         al_exit()
 240
 241                 func loadresources
 242
 243                 func drawScene
 244
 245                 func destroyResources
 246
 247 スクリーンショット:
 248
 249 .. image:: ringcube3d.png
 250         :alt: Ring Cube
 251
 252 .. index::
 253         pair: RingOpenGL と RingAllegro の用法 (3D グラフィックス); 複数の立方体
 254
 255 複数の立方体
 256 ============
 257
 258 スクリーンショット:
 259
 260 .. code-block:: ring
 261
 262         # ライブラリの読み込み
 263                 load "gamelib.ring"             # RingAllegro ライブラリ
 264                 load "opengl21lib.ring"         # RingOpenGL ライブラリ
 265
 266         #==============================================================
 267         # macOS への対応
 268                 al_run_main()
 269                 func al_game_start      # al_run_main() により呼び出されます。
 270                         main()          # main 関数本体を呼び出します。
 271         #==============================================================
 272
 273
 274         func main
 275
 276                 new GraphicsApp {
 277                         start()
 278                 }
 279
 280
 281         class GraphicsApp from GraphicsAppBase
 282
 283                 TITLE = "Many Cubes"
 284
 285                 bitmap bitmap2 bitmap3
 286                 texture texture2 texture3
 287
 288                 fps = 120
 289                 xrot = 0.0
 290                 yrot = 0.0
 291                 zrot = 0.0
 292
 293                 nPerspective = 100
 294
 295                 func loadresources
 296
 297                         bitmap = al_load_bitmap("sky1.jpg")
 298                         texture = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap)
 299
 300                         bitmap2 = al_load_bitmap("sky2.jpg")
 301                         texture2 = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap2)
 302
 303                         bitmap3 = al_load_bitmap("sky3.jpg")
 304                         texture3 = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap3)
 305
 306                 func destroyResources
 307
 308                         al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap)
 309                         al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap2)
 310                         al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap3)
 311
 312                 func drawScene
 313
 314                         prepare()
 315                         cubes()
 316                         rotate()
 317
 318                 func Prepare
 319                         w = 800 h = 600
 320                         ratio =  w / h
 321                         glViewport(0, 0, w, h)
 322                         glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
 323                         glLoadIdentity()
 324                         gluPerspective(-nPerspective,ratio,1,nPerspective)
 325                         glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
 326                         glLoadIdentity()
 327                         glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
 328                         glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
 329                         glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5)
 330                         glClearDepth(1.0)
 331                         glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
 332                         glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
 333                         glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL)
 334                         glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST)
 335                         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
 336
 337                 func Cubes
 338                         cube(5,-3.4,-5,:sky1)
 339                         cube(0,-3,-5,:sky1)
 340                         cube(-5,-3,-5,:sky1)
 341                         cube(5,0.5,-5,:sky2)
 342                         cube(0,0.5,-5,:sky2)
 343                         cube(-5,0.5,-5,:sky2)
 344                         cube(5,4,-5,:sky3)
 345                         cube(0,4,-5,:sky3)
 346                         cube(-5,4,-5,:sky3)
 347
 348                 func Rotate
 349                         xrot += 0.3 * 5
 350                         yrot += 0.2 * 5
 351                         zrot += 0.4 * 5
 352                         nPerspective += 0.5
 353
 354
 355                 func cube(x,y,z,nTexture)
 356                         glLoadIdentity()
 357                         glTranslatef(x,y,z)
 358                         glRotatef(xrot,1.0,0.0,0.0)
 359                         glRotatef(yrot,0.0,1.0,0.0)
 360                         glRotatef(zrot,0.0,0.0,1.0)
 361                         drawcube(nTexture)
 362
 363                 func drawcube(cTexture)
 364
 365                         switch cTexture
 366                                 on :sky1
 367                                         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture)
 368                                 on :sky2
 369                                         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2)
 370                                 on :sky3
 371                                         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture3)
 372                         off
 373
 374
 375                         glBegin(GL_QUADS)
 376                                 // 前面
 377                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 378                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 379                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 380                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 381                                 // 背面
 382                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 383                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 384                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 385                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 386                                 // 上面
 387                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 388                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 389                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 390                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 391                                 // 底面
 392                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 393                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 394                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 395                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 396
 397                                 // 右面
 398                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 399                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 400                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 401                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 402
 403                                 // 左面
 404                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 405                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 406                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 407                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 408                         glEnd()
 409
 410
 411         class GraphicsAppBase
 412
 413                 display event_queue ev timeout
 414                 timer  redraw   = true
 415
 416                 FPS             = 60
 417
 418                 SCREEN_W        = 800
 419                 SCREEN_H        = 600
 420
 421                 KEY_UP          = 1
 422                 KEY_DOWN        = 2
 423                 KEY_LEFT        = 3
 424                 KEY_RIGHT       = 4
 425
 426                 Key = [false,false,false,false]
 427
 428                 TITLE = "Graphics Application"
 429
 430                 func start
 431
 432                         SetUp()
 433                         loadResources()
 434                         eventsLoop()
 435                         destroy()
 436
 437                 func setup
 438
 439                         al_init()
 440                         al_init_image_addon()
 441                         al_set_new_display_flags(ALLEGRO_OPENGL)
 442                         display = al_create_display(SCREEN_W,SCREEN_H)
 443                         al_set_Window_title(display,TITLE)
 444                         al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0))
 445                         event_queue = al_create_event_queue()
 446                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
 447                                 al_get_display_event_source(display))
 448                         ev = al_new_allegro_event()
 449                         timeout = al_new_allegro_timeout()
 450                         al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
 451                         timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / FPS)
 452                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
 453                                 al_get_timer_event_source(timer))
 454                         al_start_timer(timer)
 455                         al_install_mouse()
 456                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
 457                                 al_get_mouse_event_source())
 458                         al_install_keyboard()
 459                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
 460                                 al_get_keyboard_event_source())
 461
 462                 func eventsLoop
 463
 464                         while true
 465                                 al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
 466                                 al_wait_for_event_until(event_queue, ev, timeout)
 467                                 switch al_get_allegro_event_type(ev)
 468                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE
 469                                         exit
 470                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER
 471                                         redraw = true
 472                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES
 473                                         mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev)
 474                                         mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev)
 475                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_ENTER_DISPLAY
 476                                         mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev)
 477                                         mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev)
 478                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP
 479                                         exit
 480                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN
 481                                         switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev)
 482                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
 483                                                         key[KEY_UP] = true
 484                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
 485                                                         key[KEY_DOWN] = true
 486                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
 487                                                         key[KEY_LEFT] = true
 488                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT
 489                                                         key[KEY_RIGHT] = true
 490                                         off
 491                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP
 492                                         switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev)
 493                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
 494                                                         key[KEY_UP] = false
 495                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
 496                                                         key[KEY_DOWN] = false
 497                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
 498                                                         key[KEY_LEFT] = false
 499                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT
 500                                                         key[KEY_RIGHT] = false
 501                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE
 502                                                         exit
 503                                         off
 504                                 off
 505                                 if redraw and al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue)
 506                                         redraw = false
 507                                         drawScene()
 508                                         al_flip_display()
 509                                 ok
 510                                 callgc()
 511                         end
 512
 513                 func destroy
 514
 515                         destroyResources()
 516                         al_destroy_timer(timer)
 517                         al_destroy_allegro_event(ev)
 518                         al_destroy_allegro_timeout(timeout)
 519                         al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue)
 520                         al_destroy_display(display)
 521                         al_exit()
 522
 523                 func loadresources
 524
 525                 func drawScene
 526
 527                 func destroyResources
 528
 529
 530 スクリーンショット:
 531
 532 .. image:: manycubes.png
 533         :alt: 複数の立方体
 534
 535 .. index::
 536         pair: RingOpenGL と RingAllegro の用法 (3D グラフィックス); TicTacToe 3D ゲーム
 537
 538 TicTacToe 3D ゲーム
 539 ===================
 540
 541
 542 ソースコード:
 543
 544 .. code-block:: ring
 545
 546
 547         # ライブラリの読み込み
 548                 load "gamelib.ring"             # RingAllegro ライブラリ
 549                 load "opengl21lib.ring"         # RingOpenGL ライブラリ
 550
 551         #==============================================================
 552         # macOS への対応
 553                 al_run_main()
 554                 func al_game_start      # al_run_main() により呼び出されます。
 555                         main()          # main 関数本体を呼び出します。
 556         #==============================================================
 557
 558         func main
 559                 new TicTacToe3D {
 560                         start()
 561                 }
 562
 563         class TicTacToe3D from GameLogic
 564
 565                 FPS = 60
 566                 TITLE = "TicTacToe 3D"
 567
 568                 oBackground = new GameBackground
 569                 oGameSound = new GameSound
 570                 oGameCube = new GameCube
 571                 oGameOver = new GameOver
 572                 oGameInterface = new GameInterface
 573
 574                 func loadresources
 575                         oGameOver.loadresources()
 576                         oGameSound.loadresources()
 577                         oBackGround.loadresources()
 578                         oGameCube.loadresources()
 579
 580                 func destroyResources
 581                         oGameOver.destroyResources()
 582                         oGameSound.destroyResources()
 583                         oBackGround.destroyResources()
 584                         oGameCube.destroyResources()
 585
 586                 func drawScene
 587                         oBackground.update()
 588                         oGameInterface.update(self)
 589
 590                 func MouseClickEvent
 591                         oGameInterface.MouseClickEvent(self)
 592
 593         class GameInterface
 594
 595                 func Update oGame
 596                         prepare()
 597                         cubes(oGame)
 598
 599                 func Prepare
 600                         w = 1024 h = 768
 601                         ratio =  w / h
 602                         glViewport(0, 0, w, h)
 603                         glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
 604                         glLoadIdentity()
 605                         gluPerspective(-120,ratio,1,120)
 606                         glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
 607                         glLoadIdentity()
 608                         glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
 609                         glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
 610                         glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5)
 611                         glClearDepth(1.0)
 612                         glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
 613                         glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
 614                         glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL)
 615                         glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST)
 616
 617                 func Cubes oGame
 618                         oGame.oGameCube {
 619                                 aGameMap = oGame.aGameMap
 620                                 cube( 5  , -3 , -5  , aGameMap[1][1] )
 621                                 cube( 0  , -3 , -5  , aGameMap[1][2] )
 622                                 cube( -5 , -3 , -5  , aGameMap[1][3] )
 623                                 cube( 5  , 1  , -5  , aGameMap[2][1] )
 624                                 cube( 0  , 1  , -5  , aGameMap[2][2] )
 625                                 cube( -5 , 1  , -5  , aGameMap[2][3] )
 626                                 cube( 5  , 5  , -5  , aGameMap[3][1] )
 627                                 cube( 0  , 5  , -5  , aGameMap[3][2] )
 628                                 cube( -5 , 5  , -5  , aGameMap[3][3] )
 629                                 rotate()
 630                         }
 631
 632                 func MouseClickEvent oGame
 633                         oGame {
 634                                 aBtn = Point2Button(Mouse_X,Mouse_Y)
 635                                 nRow = aBtn[1]
 636                                 nCol = aBtn[2]
 637                                 if nRow != 0 and nCol != 0
 638                                         if aGameMap[nRow][nCol] = :n
 639                                                 aGameMap[nRow][nCol] = cActivePlayer
 640                                                 ChangeActivePlayer()
 641                                                 CheckGameOver()
 642                                         ok
 643                                 ok
 644                         }
 645
 646         Class GameLogic from GraphicsAppBase
 647
 648                 aGameMap = [
 649                         [ :n , :n , :n ] ,
 650                         [ :n , :n , :n ] ,
 651                         [ :n , :n , :n ]
 652                 ]
 653
 654                 aGameButtons = [                        # x1,y1,x2,y2
 655                         [176,88,375,261],               # [1,1]
 656                         [423,88,591,261],               # [1,2]
 657                         [645,88,876,261],               # [1,3]
 658                         [176,282,375,428],              # [2,1]
 659                         [423,282,591,428],              # [2,2]
 660                         [645,282,876,428],              # [2,3]
 661                         [176,454,375,678],              # [3,1]
 662                         [423,454,591,678],              # [3,2]
 663                         [645,454,876,678]               # [3,3]
 664                 ]
 665
 666                 cActivePlayer = :x
 667
 668                 func point2button x,y
 669                         nRow = 0
 670                         nCol = 0
 671                         for t = 1 to len(aGameButtons)
 672                                 rect = aGameButtons[t]
 673                                 if x >= rect[1] and x <= rect[3] and
 674                                    y >= rect[2] and y <= rect[4]
 675                                                 switch t
 676                                                         on 1  nRow = 1  nCol = 1
 677                                                         on 2  nRow = 1  nCol = 2
 678                                                         on 3  nRow = 1  nCol = 3
 679                                                         on 4  nRow = 2  nCol = 1
 680                                                         on 5  nRow = 2  nCol = 2
 681                                                         on 6  nRow = 2  nCol = 3
 682                                                         on 7  nRow = 3  nCol = 1
 683                                                         on 8  nRow = 3  nCol = 2
 684                                                         on 9  nRow = 3  nCol = 3
 685                                                 off
 686                                                 exit
 687                                 ok
 688                         next
 689                         return [nRow,nCol]
 690
 691                 func ChangeActivePlayer()
 692                         if cActivePlayer = :x
 693                                 cActivePlayer = :o
 694                         else
 695                                 cActivePlayer = :x
 696                         ok
 697
 698                 func CheckGameOver
 699                         aList = [
 700                                 aGameMap[1][1],
 701                                 aGameMap[1][2],
 702                                 aGameMap[1][3],
 703                                 aGameMap[2][1],
 704                                 aGameMap[2][2],
 705                                 aGameMap[2][3],
 706                                 aGameMap[3][1],
 707                                 aGameMap[3][2],
 708                                 aGameMap[3][3]
 709                         ]
 710                         for item in aList
 711                                 switch item
 712                                         on :x   item = 1
 713                                         on :o   item = 2
 714                                         on :n   item = 0
 715                                 off
 716                         next
 717                         nStatus = CheckWinner(aList)
 718                         if nStatus
 719                                 oGameOver {
 720                                         Switch nStatus
 721                                                 on 1 Player1Win(this)
 722                                                 on 2 Player2Win(this)
 723                                                 on 3 NoOneWin(this)
 724                                         off
 725                                 }
 726                                 refreshGame()
 727                         ok
 728
 729                 func refreshGame
 730                         aGameMap = [
 731                                 [ :n , :n , :n ] ,
 732                                 [ :n , :n , :n ] ,
 733                                 [ :n , :n , :n ]
 734                         ]
 735                         cActivePlayer = :x
 736
 737                 func CheckWinner lst
 738                         // 垂直の確認
 739                         for v=1 to 9 step 3
 740                                 if lst[v]!=0 and lst[v+1]!=0 and lst[v+2]!=0
 741                                         if lst[v]=lst[v+1] and lst[v+1]=lst[v+2]
 742                                                 return lst[v]
 743                                         ok
 744                                 ok
 745                         next
 746                         // 水平
 747                         for h=1 to 3
 748                                 if lst[h]!=0 and lst[h+3]!=0 and lst[h+6]!=0
 749                                         if lst[h]=lst[h+3] and lst[h+3]=lst[h+6]
 750                                                 return lst[h]
 751                                         ok
 752                                 ok
 753                         next
 754                         // 十字型
 755                         if lst[1]!=0 and lst[5]!=0 and lst[9]!=0
 756                                 if lst[1]=lst[5] and lst[5]=lst[9] return lst[1] ok
 757                         ok
 758                         if lst[3]!=0 and lst[5]!=0 and lst[7]!=0
 759                                 if lst[3]=lst[5] and lst[5]=lst[7] return lst[3] ok
 760                         ok
 761                         // 枕木型
 762                         tie=true
 763                         for i=1 to 9
 764                                 if lst[i]=0 tie=false exit ok
 765                         next
 766                         if tie=true return 3 ok return 0
 767
 768
 769
 770         class GameOver
 771
 772                 font bitmap
 773
 774                 func loadresources
 775                         font = al_load_ttf_font("font/pirulen.ttf",54,0 )
 776                         bitmap = al_load_bitmap("image/ballon.png")
 777
 778                 func destroyResources
 779                         al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap)
 780                         al_destroy_font(font)
 781
 782                 func Player1Win oGame
 783                         showMsg(oGame,80,430,"Good job X you won!")
 784
 785                 func Player2Win oGame
 786                         showMsg(oGame,80,430,"Good job O you won!")
 787
 788                 func NoOneWin oGame
 789                         showMsg(oGame,150,430,"Oh no it's a tie!")
 790
 791                 func ShowMsg oGame,x,y,cMsg
 792                         oGame {
 793                                 drawScene()
 794                                 al_flip_display()
 795                                 al_rest(0.3)
 796                                 newdisplay = al_create_display(SCREEN_W,SCREEN_H)
 797                                 al_set_window_title(newdisplay,TITLE)
 798                                 al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(255,255,255))
 799                                 al_draw_bitmap(this.bitmap,200,50,1)
 800                                 al_draw_text(this.font,
 801                                          al_map_rgb(0,0,255), x,y,
 802                                          ALLEGRO_ALIGN_LEFT,cMsg)
 803                                 al_flip_display()
 804                                 al_rest(2)
 805                                 al_destroy_display(newdisplay)
 806                                 al_set_target_backbuffer(display)
 807                         }
 808
 809         class GameCube
 810
 811                 bitmap bitmap2 bitmap3
 812                 textureX textureO textureN
 813
 814                 xrot = 0.0
 815                 yrot = 0.0
 816                 zrot = 0.0
 817
 818                 func loadresources
 819                         bitmap = al_load_bitmap("image/o.png")
 820                         textureO = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap)
 821                         bitmap2 = al_load_bitmap("image/x.png")
 822                         textureX = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap2)
 823                         bitmap3 = al_load_bitmap("image/empty.png")
 824                         textureN = al_get_opengl_texture(bitmap3)
 825
 826                 func destroyResources
 827                         al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap)
 828                         al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap2)
 829                         al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap3)
 830
 831                 func cube(x,y,z,nTexture)
 832                         glLoadIdentity()
 833                         glTranslatef(x,y,z)
 834                         glRotatef(xrot,1.0,0.0,0.0)
 835                         glRotatef(yrot,0.0,1.0,0.0)
 836                         glRotatef(zrot,0.0,0.0,1.0)
 837                         setCubeTexture(nTexture)
 838                         drawCube()
 839
 840                 func setCubeTexture cTexture
 841                         switch cTexture
 842                                 on :x
 843                                         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureX)
 844                                 on :o
 845                                         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureO)
 846                                 on :n
 847                                         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureN)
 848                         off
 849
 850                 func Rotate
 851                         xrot += 0.3 * 5
 852                         yrot += 0.2 * 5
 853                         zrot += 0.4 * 5
 854
 855                 func drawcube
 856                         glBegin(GL_QUADS)
 857                                 // 前面
 858                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 859                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 860                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 861                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 862                                 // 背面
 863                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 864                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 865                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 866                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 867                                 // 上面
 868                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 869                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 870                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 871                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 872                                 // 底面
 873                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 874                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 875                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 876                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 877
 878                                 // 右面
 879                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 880                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 881                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f( 1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 882                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f( 1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 883
 884                                 // 左面
 885                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0)
 886                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0,  1.0)
 887                                 glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0,  1.0)
 888                                 glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,  1.0, -1.0)
 889                         glEnd()
 890
 891
 892         class GameBackground
 893
 894                 nBackX = 0
 895                 nBackY = 0
 896                 nBackDiffx = -1
 897                 nBackDiffy = -1
 898                 nBackMotion = 1
 899                 aBackMotionList = [
 900                         [ -1, -1 ] ,            # 右下
 901                         [ 0 , 1  ] ,            # 上
 902                         [ -1, -1 ] ,            # 右下
 903                         [ 0 , 1  ] ,            # 上
 904                         [ 1 , -1 ] ,            # 左下
 905                         [ 0 , 1  ] ,            # 上
 906                         [ 1 , -1 ] ,            # 左下
 907                         [ 0 , 1  ]                      # 上
 908                 ]
 909
 910                 bitmap
 911
 912                 func Update
 913                         draw()
 914                         motion()
 915
 916                 func draw
 917                         al_draw_bitmap(bitmap,nBackX,nBackY,1)
 918
 919                 func motion
 920                         nBackX += nBackDiffx
 921                         nBackY += nBackDiffy
 922                         if (nBackY = -350) or (nBackY = 0)
 923                                 nBackMotion++
 924                                 if nBackMotion > len(aBackMotionList)
 925                                         nBackMotion = 1
 926                                 ok
 927                                 nBackDiffx  = aBackMotionList[nBackMotion][1]
 928                                 nBackDiffy  = aBackMotionList[nBackMotion][2]
 929                         ok
 930
 931                 func loadResources
 932                         bitmap = al_load_bitmap("image/back.jpg")
 933
 934                 func destroyResources
 935                         al_destroy_bitmap(bitmap)
 936
 937
 938         class GameSound
 939
 940                 sample sampleid
 941
 942                 func loadresources
 943                         sample = al_load_sample( "sound/music1.wav" )
 944                         sampleid = al_new_allegro_sample_id()
 945                         al_play_sample(sample, 1.0, 0.0,1.0,ALLEGRO_PLAYMODE_LOOP,sampleid)
 946
 947                 func destroyResources
 948                         al_destroy_allegro_sample_id(sampleid)
 949                         al_destroy_sample(sample)
 950
 951
 952         class GraphicsAppBase
 953
 954                 display event_queue ev timeout
 955                 timer
 956                 redraw                  = true
 957                 FPS                     = 60
 958                 SCREEN_W                = 1024
 959                 SCREEN_H                = 700
 960                 KEY_UP                  = 1
 961                 KEY_DOWN                = 2
 962                 KEY_LEFT                = 3
 963                 KEY_RIGHT               = 4
 964                 Key                     = [false,false,false,false]
 965                 Mouse_X                 = 0
 966                 Mouse_Y                 = 0
 967                 TITLE                   = "Graphics Application"
 968                 PRINT_MOUSE_XY  = False
 969
 970                 func start
 971                         SetUp()
 972                         loadResources()
 973                         eventsLoop()
 974                         destroy()
 975
 976                 func setup
 977                         al_init()
 978                         al_init_font_addon()
 979                         al_init_ttf_addon()
 980                         al_init_image_addon()
 981                         al_install_audio()
 982                         al_init_acodec_addon()
 983                         al_reserve_samples(1)
 984                         al_set_new_display_flags(ALLEGRO_OPENGL)
 985                         display = al_create_display(SCREEN_W,SCREEN_H)
 986                         al_set_window_title(display,TITLE)
 987                         al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0,0,0))
 988                         event_queue = al_create_event_queue()
 989                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
 990                                 al_get_display_event_source(display))
 991                         ev = al_new_allegro_event()
 992                         timeout = al_new_allegro_timeout()
 993                         al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
 994                         timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / FPS)
 995                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
 996                                 al_get_timer_event_source(timer))
 997                         al_start_timer(timer)
 998                         al_install_mouse()
 999                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
1000                                 al_get_mouse_event_source())
1001                         al_install_keyboard()
1002                         al_register_event_source(event_queue,
1003                                 al_get_keyboard_event_source())
1004
1005                 func eventsLoop
1006                         while true
1007                                 al_init_timeout(timeout, 0.06)
1008                                 al_wait_for_event_until(event_queue, ev, timeout)
1009                                 switch al_get_allegro_event_type(ev)
1010                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE
1011                                         CloseEvent()
1012                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER
1013                                         redraw = true
1014                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES
1015                                         mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev)
1016                                         mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev)
1017                                         if PRINT_MOUSE_XY
1018                                                 see "x = " + mouse_x + nl
1019                                                 see "y = " + mouse_y + nl
1020                                         ok
1021                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_ENTER_DISPLAY
1022                                         mouse_x = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x(ev)
1023                                         mouse_y = al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y(ev)
1024                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP
1025                                         MouseClickEvent()
1026                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN
1027                                         switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev)
1028                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
1029                                                         key[KEY_UP] = true
1030                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
1031                                                         key[KEY_DOWN] = true
1032                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
1033                                                         key[KEY_LEFT] = true
1034                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT
1035                                                         key[KEY_RIGHT] = true
1036                                         off
1037                                 on ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP
1038                                         switch al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode(ev)
1039                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_UP
1040                                                         key[KEY_UP] = false
1041                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN
1042                                                         key[KEY_DOWN] = false
1043                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT
1044                                                         key[KEY_LEFT] = false
1045                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT
1046                                                         key[KEY_RIGHT] = false
1047                                                 on ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE
1048                                                         exit
1049                                         off
1050                                 off
1051                                 if redraw and al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue)
1052                                         redraw = false
1053                                         drawScene()
1054                                         al_flip_display()
1055                                 ok
1056                                 callgc()
1057                         end
1058
1059                 func destroy
1060                         destroyResources()
1061                         al_destroy_timer(timer)
1062                         al_destroy_allegro_event(ev)
1063                         al_destroy_allegro_timeout(timeout)
1064                         al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue)
1065                         al_destroy_display(display)
1066                         al_exit()
1067
1068                 func loadresources
1069
1070                 func drawScene
1071
1072                 func destroyResources
1073
1074                 func MouseClickEvent
1075                         exit                    # イベントループから脱出
1076
1077                 func CloseEvent
1078                         exit                    # イベントループから脱出
1079
1080
1081 スクリーンショット:
1082
1083 .. image:: tictactoe3d.png
1084         :width: 450pt
1085         :height: 350pt
1086         :alt: TicTacToe 3D ゲーム
1087
1088
1089 .. index::
1090         pair: RingOpenGL と RingAllegro の用法 (3D グラフィックス); その他の 3D サンプル
1091
1092 その他の 3D サンプル
1093 ====================
1094
1095 サンプルは ring/samples/3D フォルダにあります。
1096
1097 このスクリーンショットはトップダウン - 多層立方体のサンプルです。
1098
1099 .. image:: more3dsamples.jpg
1100         :alt: 3D サンプル
1101
1102 このスクリーンショットはカメラのサンプルです。
1103
1104 .. image:: more3dsamples2.jpg
1105         :alt: カメラ
1106
1107 このスクリーンショットはカメラと背景のサンプルです。
1108
1109 開発者 : アズディン・レマル
1110
1111 .. image:: cameraandbackground.png
1112         :alt: カメラと背景のサンプル
1113
1114