vim.md

   1 ---
   2 title: Vim
   3 category: Vim
   4 layout: 2017/sheet
   5 tags: [Featured]
   6 updated: 2020-07-05
   7 weight: -10
   8 intro: |
   9  [Vim](http://www.vim.org/) is a very efficient text editor. This reference was made for Vim 8.0.
  10  For shortcut notation, see `:help key-notation`.
  11 ---
  12
  13 Getting started
  14 ---------------
  15 {: .-three-column}
  16
  17 ### Exiting
  18 {: .-prime}
  19
  20 | Shortcut       | Description                      |
  21 | -------------- | -------------------------------- |
  22 | `:qa`          | Close all files                  |
  23 | `:qa!`         | Close all files, abandon changes |
  24 | ---            | ---                              |
  25 | `:w`           | Save                             |
  26 | `:wq` _/_ `:x` | Save and close file              |
  27 | ---            | ---                              |
  28 | `:q`           | Close file                       |
  29 | `:q!`          | Close file, abandon changes      |
  30 | ---            | ---                              |
  31 | `ZZ`           | Save and quit                    |
  32 | `ZQ`           | Quit without checking changes    |
  33 {: .-shortcuts}
  34
  35 ### Navigating
  36
  37 | Shortcut            | Description       |
  38 | ---                 | ---               |
  39 | `h` `j` `k` `l`     | Arrow keys        |
  40 | `<C-U>` _/_ `<C-D>` | Page up/page down |
  41 {: .-shortcuts}
  42
  43 #### Words
  44
  45 | Shortcut     | Description               |
  46 | ---          | ---                       |
  47 | `b` _/_ `w`  | Previous/next word        |
  48 | `ge` _/_ `e` | Previous/next end of word |
  49 {: .-shortcuts}
  50
  51 #### Line
  52
  53 | Shortcut     | Description                        |
  54 | ---          | ---                                |
  55 | `0` _(zero)_ | Start of line                      |
  56 | `^`          | Start of line _(after whitespace)_ |
  57 | `$`          | End of line                        |
  58 {: .-shortcuts}
  59
  60 #### Character
  61
  62 | `fc`  | Go forward to character `c`  |
  63 | `Fc`  | Go backward to character `c` |
  64 {: .-shortcuts}
  65
  66 #### Document
  67
  68 | Shortcut | Description    |
  69 | ---      | ---            |
  70 | `gg`     | First line     |
  71 | `G`      | Last line      |
  72 | `:n`     | Go to line `n` |
  73 | `nG`     | Go to line `n` |
  74 {: .-shortcuts}
  75
  76 #### Window
  77
  78 | Shortcut | Description              |
  79 | ---      | ---                      |
  80 | `zz`     | Center this line         |
  81 | `zt`     | Top this line            |
  82 | `H`      | Move to top of screen    |
  83 | `M`      | Move to middle of screen |
  84 | `L`      | Move to bottom of screen |
  85 {: .-shortcuts}
  86
  87 #### Tab pages
  88
  89 | Shortcut              | Description                     |
  90 | ---                   | ---                             |
  91 | `:tabedit [file]`     | Edit file in a new tab          |
  92 | `:tabfind [file]`     | Open file if exists in new tab  |
  93 | `:tabclose`           | Close current tab               |
  94 | `:tabs`               | List all tabs                   |
  95 | `:tabfirst`           | Go to first tab                 |
  96 | `:tablast`            | Go to last tab                  |
  97 | `:tabn    `           | Go to next tab                  |
  98 | `:tabp    `           | Go to previous tab              |
  99
 100 ### Editing
 101
 102 | Shortcut | Description                         |
 103 | ---      | ---                                 |
 104 | `a`      | Append                              |
 105 | `A`      | Append from end of line             |
 106 | `i`      | Insert                              |
 107 | `o`      | Next line                           |
 108 | `O`      | Previous line                       |
 109 | ---      | ---                                 |
 110 | `s`      | Delete char and insert              |
 111 | `S`      | Delete line and insert              |
 112 | `C`      | Delete until end of line and insert |
 113 | ---      | ---                                 |
 114 | `r`      | Replace one character               |
 115 | `R`      | Enter Replace mode                  |
 116 | ---      | ---                                 |
 117 | `u`      | Undo changes                        |
 118 | `<C-R>`  | Redo changes                        |
 119 {: .-shortcuts}
 120
 121 ### Exiting insert mode
 122
 123 | Shortcut          | Description |
 124 | ---               | ---         |
 125 | `Esc` _/_ `<C-[>` | Exit insert mode |
 126 | `<C-C>`           | Exit insert mode, and abort current command |
 127 {: .-shortcuts}
 128
 129 ### Clipboard
 130
 131 | Shortcut        | Description                 |
 132 | ---             | ---                         |
 133 | `x`             | Delete character            |
 134 | ---             | ---                         |
 135 | `dd`            | Delete line _(Cut)_         |
 136 | `yy`            | Yank line _(Copy)_          |
 137 | ---             | ---                         |
 138 | `p`             | Paste                       |
 139 | `P`             | Paste before                |
 140 | ---             | ---                         |
 141 | `"*p` _/_ `"+p` | Paste from system clipboard |
 142 | `"*y` _/_ `"+y` | Paste to system clipboard   |
 143 {: .-shortcuts}
 144
 145 ### Visual mode
 146
 147 | Shortcut | Description             |
 148 | ---      | ---                     |
 149 | `v`      | Enter visual mode       |
 150 | `V`      | Enter visual line mode  |
 151 | `<C-V>`  | Enter visual block mode |
 152 {: .-shortcuts}
 153
 154 #### In visual mode
 155
 156 | Shortcut    | Description             |
 157 | ---         | ---                     |
 158 | `d` _/_ `x` | Delete selection        |
 159 | `s`         | Replace selection       |
 160 | `y`         | Yank selection _(Copy)_ |
 161 {: .-shortcuts}
 162
 163 See [Operators](#operators) for other things you can do.
 164
 165 Operators
 166 ---------
 167 {: .-three-column}
 168
 169 ### Usage
 170 {: .-prime}
 171
 172 Operators let you operate in a range of text (defined by *motion*). These are performed in normal mode.
 173 {: .-setup}
 174
 175 | `d`      | `w`    |
 176 | Operator | Motion |
 177 {: .-css-breakdown}
 178
 179 ### Operators list
 180
 181 | Shortcut | Description                     |
 182 | ---      | ---                             |
 183 | `d`      | Delete                          |
 184 | `y`      | Yank _(copy)_                   |
 185 | `c`      | Change _(delete then insert)_   |
 186 | ---      | ---                             |
 187 | `>`      | Indent right                    |
 188 | `<`      | Indent left                     |
 189 | ---      | ---                             |
 190 | `g~`     | Swap case                       |
 191 | `gU`     | Uppercase                       |
 192 | `gu`     | Lowercase                       |
 193 | ---      | ---                             |
 194 | `!`      | Filter through external program |
 195 {: .-shortcuts}
 196
 197 See `:help operator`
 198
 199 ### Examples
 200
 201 Combine operators with *motions* to use them.
 202 {: .-setup}
 203
 204 | Shortcut               | Description                               |
 205 | ---                    | ---                                       |
 206 | `d`_d_                 | _(repeat the letter)_ Delete current line |
 207 | `d`_w_                 | Delete to next word                       |
 208 | `d`_b_                 | Delete to beginning of word               |
 209 | _2_`dd`                | Delete 2 lines                            |
 210 | `d`_ip_                | Delete a text object _(inside paragraph)_ |
 211 | _(in visual mode)_ `d` | Delete selection                          |
 212
 213 See: `:help motion.txt`
 214
 215 Text objects
 216 ------------
 217 {: .-three-column}
 218
 219 ### Usage
 220 {: .-prime}
 221
 222 Text objects let you operate (with an *operator*) in or around text blocks (*objects*).
 223 {: .-setup}
 224
 225 | `v`      | `i`                  | `p`         |
 226 | Operator | [i]nside or [a]round | Text object |
 227 {: .-css-breakdown}
 228
 229 ### Text objects
 230
 231 | Shortcut               | Description           |
 232 | ---                    | ---                   |
 233 | `p`                    | Paragraph             |
 234 | `w`                    | Word                  |
 235 | `s`                    | Sentence              |
 236 | ---                    | ---                   |
 237 | `[` `(` `{` `<`        | A [], (), or {} block |
 238 | `'` `"` <code>`</code> | A quoted string       |
 239 | ---                    | ---                   |
 240 | `b`                    | A block [(            |
 241 | `B`                    | A block in [{         |
 242 | `t`                    | A XML tag block       |
 243 {: .-shortcuts}
 244
 245 ### Examples
 246
 247 | Shortcut    | Description                        |
 248 | ---         | ---                                |
 249 | `vip`       | Select paragraph                   |
 250 | `vipipipip` | Select more                        |
 251 | ---         | ---                                |
 252 | `yip`       | Yank inner paragraph               |
 253 | `yap`       | Yank paragraph (including newline) |
 254 | ---         | ---                                |
 255 | `dip`       | Delete inner paragraph             |
 256 | `cip`       | Change inner paragraph             |
 257 {: .-shortcuts}
 258
 259 See [Operators](#operators) for other things you can do.
 260
 261 ### Diff
 262
 263 | Shortcut                             | Description                              |
 264 | ---                                  | ---                                      |
 265 | `gvimdiff file1 file2 [file3]`       | See differences between files, in HMI    |
 266
 267
 268 Misc
 269 ----
 270
 271 ### Folds
 272
 273 | Shortcut      | Description                  |
 274 | ---           | ---                          |
 275 | `zo` _/_ `zO` | Open                         |
 276 | `zc` _/_ `zC` | Close                        |
 277 | `za` _/_ `zA` | Toggle                       |
 278 | ---           | ---                          |
 279 | `zv`          | Open folds for this line     |
 280 | ---           | ---                          |
 281 | `zM`          | Close all                    |
 282 | `zR`          | Open all                     |
 283 | ---           | ---                          |
 284 | `zm`          | Fold more _(foldlevel += 1)_ |
 285 | `zr`          | Fold less _(foldlevel -= 1)_ |
 286 | ---           | ---                          |
 287 | `zx`          | Update folds                 |
 288 {: .-shortcuts}
 289
 290 Uppercase ones are recursive (eg, `zO` is open recursively).
 291
 292 ### Navigation
 293
 294 | Shortcut            | Description                |
 295 | ---                 | ---                        |
 296 | `%`                 | Nearest/matching `{[()]}`  |
 297 | `[(` `[{` `[<`      | Previous `(` or `{` or `<` |
 298 | `])`                | Next                       |
 299 | ---                 | ---                        |
 300 | `[m`                | Previous method start      |
 301 | `[M`                | Previous method end        |
 302 {: .-shortcuts}
 303
 304 ### Jumping
 305
 306 | Shortcut | Description                  |
 307 | ---      | ---                          |
 308 | `<C-O>`  | Go back to previous location |
 309 | `<C-I>`  | Go forward                   |
 310 | ---      | ---                          |
 311 | `gf`     | Go to file in cursor         |
 312 {: .-shortcuts}
 313
 314 ### Counters
 315
 316 | Shortcut | Description      |
 317 | ---      | ---              |
 318 | `<C-A>`  | Increment number |
 319 | `<C-X>`  | Decrement        |
 320 {: .-shortcuts}
 321
 322 ### Windows
 323
 324 | `z{height}<Cr>` | Resize pane to `{height}` lines tall |
 325
 326 ### Tags
 327
 328 | Shortcut              | Description                                     |
 329 | ---                   | ---                                             |
 330 | `:tag Classname`      | Jump to first definition of Classname           |
 331 | ---                   | ---                                             |
 332 | `<C-]>`               | Jump to definition                              |
 333 | `g]`                  | See all definitions                             |
 334 | `<C-T>`               | Go back to last tag                             |
 335 | `<C-O> <C-I>`         | Back/forward                                    |
 336 | ---                   | ---                                             |
 337 | `:tselect Classname`  | Find definitions of Classname                   |
 338 | `:tjump Classname`    | Find definitions of Classname (auto-select 1st) |
 339 {: .-shortcuts}
 340
 341 ### Case
 342
 343 | Shortcut | Description                          |
 344 | ---      | ---                                  |
 345 | `~`      | Toggle case (Case => cASE)           |
 346 | `gU`     | Uppercase                            |
 347 | `gu`     | Lowercase                            |
 348 | ---      | ---                                  |
 349 | `gUU`    | Uppercase current line (also `gUgU`) |
 350 | `guu`    | Lowercase current line (also `gugu`) |
 351 {: .-shortcuts}
 352
 353 Do these in visual or normal mode.
 354
 355 ### Marks
 356
 357 | Shortcut        | Description                                        |
 358 | ---             | ---                                                |
 359 | <code>`^</code> | Last position of cursor in insert mode             |
 360 | <code>`.</code> | Last change                                        |
 361 | <code>``</code> | Last jump                                          |
 362 | ---             | ---                                                |
 363 | `ma`            | Mark this cursor position as `a`                   |
 364 | <code>`a</code> | Jump to the cursor position `a`                    |
 365 | `'a`            | Jump to the beginning of the line with position `a`|
 366 {: .-shortcuts}
 367
 368 ### Misc
 369
 370 | Shortcut   | Description                                       |
 371 | ---        | ---                                               |
 372 | `.`        | Repeat last command                               |
 373 | `]p`       | Paste under the current indentation level         |
 374 | ---        | ---                                               |
 375 | `:set ff=unix` | Convert Windows line endings to Unix line endings |
 376 {: .-shortcuts}
 377
 378 ### Command line
 379
 380 | Shortcut     | Description                               |
 381 | ---          | ---                                       |
 382 | `<C-R><C-W>` | Insert current word into the command line |
 383 | `<C-R>"`     | Paste from " register                     |
 384 | `<C-X><C-F>` | Auto-completion of path in insert mode    |
 385 {: .-shortcuts}
 386
 387 ### Text alignment
 388
 389     :center [width]
 390     :right [width]
 391     :left
 392
 393 See `:help formatting`
 394
 395 ### Calculator
 396
 397 | Shortcut      | Description                               |
 398 | ---           | ---                                       |
 399 | `<C-R>=128/2` | Shows the result of the division : '64'   |
 400
 401 Do this in insert mode.
 402
 403 ### Exiting with an error
 404
 405     :cq
 406     :cquit
 407
 408 Works like `:qa`, but throws an error. Great for aborting Git commands.
 409
 410
 411 ### Spell checking
 412
 413 | Shortcut                     | Description                                             |
 414 | ---                          | ---                                                     |
 415 | `:set spell spelllang=en_us` | Turn on US English spell checking                       |
 416 | `]s`                         | Move to next misspelled word after the cursor           |
 417 | `[s`                         | Move to previous misspelled word before the cursor      |
 418 | `z=`                         | Suggest spellings for the word under/after the cursor   |
 419 | `zg`                         | Add word to spell list                                  |
 420 | `zw`                         | Mark word as bad/mispelling                             |
 421 | `zu` / `C-X (Insert Mode)`   | Suggest words for bad word under cursor from spellfile  |
 422 {: .-shortcuts}
 423
 424 See `:help spell`
 425
 426
 427 Also see
 428 --------
 429
 430 - [Vim cheatsheet](https://vim.rtorr.com/) _(vim.rotrr.com)_
 431 - [Vim documentation](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/) _(vimdoc.sourceforge.net)_
 432 - [Interactive Vim tutorial](http://openvim.com/) _(openvim.com)_